transformer protection (cont) protection devices Overloads ‘Overcurrent of long duration is generally datectod by a direct ime or IDMT delayed ‘overcurrent protection whichis ‘ecriminaling with respect to secondary protection “Thermal overtoad protection is used to monitor the temperature rise: overheating is dotermined by simulation of heat release as. {function ofthe cutrent and temperature fag (ofthe transformer. +r a2) (A) a6) Shortcirouite For of tanetormers: 12a Buchholz relay or DGPT gas pressure temperature detector thats sensitive to gas release of ol movements used, causing respectively a short-circuit between turns of the same phase and a violent phase-to ‘phase short-circuit, ‘iflerential transformer protection (1) ‘ensures rapid protection against phase-to ‘phase fails. Its senstve to fault currents in the range of 0.5 In and is used for important transformers. lan instantaneous overcurrent protection (lig.2) device inked tothe circuit breaker located atthe transformer primary ensures protection against violent short circus. The Current setting is sot at a value higher than the current due toa shor creult on the ‘secondary, thus ensuring current ecriminain, for low power transformers, a use is used for overcurrent protection. ‘Tank frame faults stank trame protection (fg 3): ‘Thi instantaneous overeurvant protection dice intaled onthe transformer frame ‘earthing cannaction constitutes a simple, ficient solution fr intemal winding to frame faults (provided is setting is suitable with grounding system used) the transformer tank has tobe insulated fom the ground ‘This form of protection is discriminating, boing sensitive only to transformer frame fault Another solution consists of using earth fault protection: ‘earth protection located on the upstream ‘system for frame faults atfecting the ‘ranstormer primary ‘earth fait protection located on the incoming line of the board being fed the neutral of the downstream system is earthed fon the busbars (fg. ‘These protections are disciminating: they are only sensitive to phase-to-earth faults igcated in the transtormer or on the upstream and downstream connections. i rectricted earth protection ifthe neutral of the downstream systom is earthed at the ‘eanstormer (ig). This is a high impedance differential protection system which detects the diference in residual curents measured athe grounding point and atthe three ‘phase transformer outlet ‘mnoutral earth protection if the downstream {yetom is warthad at the transformer (1.6). 30 pasion gue Tien Gemexamples of transformer wwny ww wwnv wy protection be BIO 2 qd lo =] { & $2 { Ls} w +" w Tow power nigh power (0) arma oveoaa (2) Fuse or 2setng overcurent () anh tout (@)Buchnot or oGPr (5) Tank earth leakage (6)LV cut breaker uve ava —_— Tew poner Tigh power (0) arma oveoaa (2) Fuse or 2setng overcurent () anh tout (@)Buchnot or oGPr (5) Tank earth eakage (6) Nout! earth protcton (7) Tanstomer dierent (6) Restictad ean aut potacton Tistin Gate prtecion gua 31