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Class XII, Maths

Unit: Inverse Trigonometry

Some basic trigonometric formulae


( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2 2
1
1
2 2
2
sin2A = 2sinAcosA
cos2A = cos A - sin A
2tanA
tan2A=
1-tan A
A B A B
sinA sinB sin cos
A B A B
sinA sinB sin cos
A B A B
cos A cosB cos cos
A B A B
cos A cosB sin sin
tanA tanB
tan A B
tanAtanB
tanA tanB
tan A B
+
+ =
+
=
+
+ =
+
=
+
+ =

=
tanAtanB
sin(A B) sinAcosB cos AsinB
sin(A B) sinAcosB cos AsinB
cos(A B) cos AcosB sinAsinB
cos(A B) cos AcosB sinAsinB
+
+ = +
=
+ =
= +













Principal value:

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2

The value of an inverse trigonometric function which lies in its principal
value branch is called the principal value of that inverse trigonometric
function.

The domains and ranges (principal value branches) of inverse trigonometric
functions:

Functions Domain Range
(Principal Value Branches)
y = sin
1
x [1, 1]
2 2
t t (

(

,
y = cos
1
x [1, 1] 0 t (

,
y = cosec
1
x R (1,1)
{ } 0
2 2
t t (

(

,
y = sec
1
x R (1, 1)
0
2
t
t (
`

)
,
y = tan
1
x R
2 2
t t | |

|
\ .
,
y = cot
1
x R
( ) 0 t ,




















Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Relations


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3
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1
-1
-1 -1
-1 -1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
y=sin x x=sin y
sin(sin x)=x ; sin (sin x) = x
sin =cosec x
x
1
cos sec x
x
1
tan cot x
x
cos ( x) cos x
cot ( x) cot x
sec ( x) sec x
sin ( x) sin x
tan ( x) tan x
c

| |
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
= t
= t
= t
=
=
1 1
osec ( x) cosec x

=




1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
2
2
1 1 1
2 2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
2 1
2
1 1
tan x cot x
sin x cos x
cosec x sec x
x y
tan x tan y tan
xy
x y
tan x tan y tan
xy
x
tan x tan
x
x x
tan x sin cos
x x







t
+ =
t
+ =
t
+ =
| | +
+ =
|

\ .
| |
=
|
+
\ .
| |
=
|

\ .
| | | |
= =
|
|
+ +
\ .
\ .


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