CE 2703 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

Assignment #8: Energy Losses

Please solve each question on a separate page.

1. Water at 10C flows with an average velocity of 2 m/s through a horizontal
section of PVC pipe. The length of the pipe is 50 m and the diameter of the pipe is
60 mm.
a. Calculate the head loss in the pipe in metres, the pressure drop in the pipe
in Pascals, and the power in watts needed to overcome the head loss. PVC
pipe can be considered as smooth (i.e. k
s
=0).

W h VA h Q P
Pa gh p
m
g
V
D
L
f h
fromMoody f
VD
f
165 ) 97 . 2 )( 81 . 9 )( 998 (
4
) 06 . 0 (
) 2 (
29100 ) 97 . 2 )( 81 . 9 ( 998
97 . 2
) 81 . 9 ( 2
2
06 . 0
50
0175 . 0
2
) ( 0175 . 0
10 2 . 1 119760
10 1
) 998 )( 06 . 0 )( 2 (
Re
2
2 2
5
3
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
= = =
= = =
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
= =
~
= =

= =

t

b. Repeat the calculations for a cast iron pipe with k
s
=0.26 mm

W P
kPa p
m
g
V
D
L
f h
fromMoody f
D
k
k
f
s
s
272
2 . 48
92 . 4
) 81 . 9 ( 2
2
06 . 0
50
029 . 0
2
) ( 029 . 0 0043 . 0 26 . 0
2 2
=
=
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
= =
~ = |
.
|

\
|
=

c. Repeat the calculations for a concrete pipe with k
s
=2.20 mm
W P
kPa p
m
g
V
D
L
f h
fromMoody f
D
k
k
f
s
s
582
103
5 . 10
) 81 . 9 ( 2
2
06 . 0
50
062 . 0
2
) ( 062 . 0 037 . 0 2 . 2
2 2
=
=
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
= =
~ = |
.
|

\
|
=


2. Ricky and J ulian were caught using a 15 m long garden hose to siphon gas from a
large tank as shown. The diameter of the hose is 15 mm and gas is worth $1.35
per litre. The boys had expected to steal the gas in less than 3 minutes, but were
caught because it actually took them 12.5 minutes (740 s) to steal $100.00 worth
of gas because of friction in the hose. Help the boys estimate the absolute
roughness (k
s
) of the garden hose.


Lookup properties of gasoline, =680 kg/m
3
, =0.29 x 10
-3
Ns/m
2

4
3
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
3
10 0 . 2 19990
10 29 . 0
) 680 )( 015 . 0 )( 566 . 0 (
Re
0253 . 0
2
566 . 0
015 . 0
15
2
566 . 0
43 . 0
2 2
0 0 0 43 . 0 0
2 2
/ 566 . 0
4
) 015 . 0 (
0001 . 0
/ 0001 . 0
740
074 . 0
074 . 0 74
/ 35 . 1 $
100 $
= =

= =
~
+ =
+ + + = + +
+ + + = + +
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
= =
= = =
= = =

t
VD
f
g
f
g
g
V
D
L
f
g
V
h
g
V
z
g
p
g
V
z
g
p
s m
A
Q
V
s m
t
Vol
Q
m L
L
Vol
f

From the Moody Diagram, for Re=2.0 x 10
4
and f =0.0253, the pipe is smooth.

3. What power must the pump supply to the system to pump the oil from the lower
reservoir to the upper reservoir at a rate of 0.20 m
3
/s? Sketch the HGL and the
EGL for the system.



Q=0.20 m
3
/s
D=0.3 m
Assume k
s
=0.046 mm
m z
m
g
V
D
L
f h
f
D
k
VD
s m V
f
s
12 100 112
88 . 3
) 81 . 9 ( 2
83 . 2
3 . 0
) 150 (
019 . 0
2
019 . 0
00015 . 0
10 5 . 8
10
) 3 . 0 )( 83 . 2 (
Re
/ 83 . 2
4
) 3 . 0 (
20 . 0
2 2
4
5
2
= = A
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
= =
~
=
= = =
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

u
t


Therefore, ignoring minor losses, total head difference is 12+3.88=15.9 m (i.e. h
p

=15.9 m)

Power Required =Qh =0.20(940)(9.81)(15.9) =29324W =29 kW
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
110
112
114
116
118
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TE EGL HGL