A Guide to Water Consumption Estimation

Thomas Ting/PPD 1 October 2002

2 Domestic Premises
Dwelling house & flats : 160-180 /head/day
Apartment/Condominium without pool : 20-22 m
3
/unit/month
Condominium with pool : 24 m
3
/unit/month
Terrace House : 30 m
3
/unit/month
Semi-detached house : 38 m
3
/unit/month
Bungalows/Detached house : 51 m
3
/unit/month

2 Office
Staff (office without canteen) : 35 /head/day
Staff (office with canteen) : 45 /head/day
Visitor : 10 /head/day

2 Shopping Centre
Staff /employee : 35 /head/day
Shopper : 10 /head/day

2 Hotel
Staff/employee : 40 /head/day
Guest : 135 /head/day
Visitor : 10 /head/day
Laundry : 37/kg of clothes washed
(7.5 kg laundry/room)
Overall Index: Less than 200 rooms : 25 m
3
/room/month
201-400 rooms : 36 m
3
/room/month
More than 400
rooms
: 46 m
3
/room/month

2 Hospital / Medical Institutions
Staff/employee : 35 /head/day
Patient : 50 /head/day
Outpatient : 12 /head/day
(7 /toilet usage)
(5 /medical purposes)
Visitor : 10 /head/day



A GUIDE TO WATER CONSUMPTION ESTIMATION
A Guide to Water Consumption Estimation

Thomas Ting/PPD 2 October 2002


2 School
Primary School: Staff : 15 /head/day
Student : 15 /head/day
Junior College: Staff : 30 /head/day
Student : 30 /head/day
Polytechnic/
University:
Staff (not confined
to one particular
block)
: 20 /head/day
Staff (confined to
one particular
block)
: 35 /head/day
Student : 20 /head/day
Hostel / Dormitory : 90 /head/day

2 Child Care Centre
Staff : 35 /head/day
Student/Children : 20-50 /head/day

2 Church
Staff : 40 /head/day
Congregations : 20 /head/day

2 Community Club
Staff : 40 /head/day
Visitors : 20 /head/day

2 Cinema
Staff : 40 /head/day
Visitors : 10 x seats x 25% x
shows/day

2 Mosque
Staff : 40 /head/day
Visitors : 20 /head/day

2 Laundrette/Laundry
Laundrette : 39/kg of clothes washed
Laundry : 37/kg of clothes washed




A Guide to Water Consumption Estimation

Thomas Ting/PPD 3 October 2002


2 Factory/Industrial Premises
With canteen & with toilet: Staff : 60 /head/day
Worker : 60 /head/day
Without canteen & with toilet: Staff : 40 /head/day
Worker : 40 /head/day
Without canteen & without
toilet:
Staff : 10 /head/day
Worker : 10 /head/day

2 Electronics Industry
Single & Double-sided PCB : 0.76 m
3
/m
2
of board area
Multi-layer PCB : 1.6 m
3
/m
2
of board area

2 Military Institute
Stay-in personnel : 150 /head/day
Stay-out personnel : 35 /head/day
Cookhouse : 10 /head/day

2 Food Court
Stall (cooking) : 40-60 m
3
/stall/month
Dry food stall (No cooking) : 30 m
3
/stall/month

2 Restaurant
Chinese : 80-120 /seat/day
Western : 50-100 /seat/day
Japanese : 75-100 /seat/day
Thai : 80-100 /seat/day
Indonesian : 70-90 /seat/day
Fast food : 70-90 /seat/day
Caf / Snack bars : 40-80 /seat/day

2 Construction Sites
Staff : 1 m
3
/head/month
Worker (stay-in) : 3.5 m
3
/worker/month
Canteen : 20 /worker/day
Vehicle washing : 20 /vehicle washed
Concreting Activities : 0.25 m
3
/m
3
of concrete
Over Index: Building construction : 0.6 m
3
/m
2
of floor area
Batching plant : 0.29 m
3
/m
2
of concrete



A Guide to Water Consumption Estimation

Thomas Ting/PPD 4 October 2002

2 Miscellaneous
Toilet washing : 120 /toilet/day
(12 /min x 10 min/day)
Refuse Chute / Bin Centre washing : 240 /wash/day
(12 /min x 20 min/day)
Staircase washing (residential flats) 1080 /stair/month
(12 /min x 90 min/month)
Gardening : 120 /tap/day
(12 /min x 10 min/day)
Cooling Tower make-up : 8-12 /ton/hr
Swimming pool make-up : 10% x pools volume/month
Fittings: W.C. : 180 /nos/day
(overall urinal : 135-250 /nos/day
Index) sink : 135-225 /nos/day
Wash basin : 90-250 /nos/day
shower : 135-225 /nos/day
Boiler : (S x t x Y
o
) /day

where: S = Quantity of steam generated
(ton/hr)
t = Time of operation of boiler
per day (hour)
Y
o
= As given in table below
(litres)

Condensate return % of steam
in contact with or used in
products
Y
o
(litres)
Water consumption per ton of
steam produced
0 370
0-25 590
25-50 890
50-75 1,250
Above 75 1,470