Product Data Sheet

Initiators

Trigonox 21S
Product description
tert-Butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate
O CH3 (CH2)3 CH C 2H 5 C O O CH3 C CH3 CH3

Molecular weight Active oxygen content peroxide CAS No. EINECS/ELINCS No. TSCA status

: 216.3 : 7.40% : 3006-82-4 : 221-110-7 : listed on inventory

Initiator for the (co)polymerization of ethylene, styrene, acrylonitrile, acrylates and methacrylates.

Specifications

Appearance Color Assay Active Oxygen TBHP Inorganic + organic hydrolysable chloride Density, 20C Viscosity, 20C

: Clear liquid : 20 Pt-Co / APHA max. : 97.0% min. : 7.17% min. : 500 mg/kg max. : 100 mg/kg max. : 0.900 g/cm3 : 4.3 mPa.s

Characteristics Half-life data

The reactivity of an organic peroxide is usually given by its half-life (t1/2) at various temperatures. For Trigonox 21S in chlorobenzene: 0.1 hr 1 hr 10 hr at 113C (235F) at 91C (196F) at 72C (162F)

The half-life at other temperatures can be calculated by using the following equations and constants: kd = Ae
-Ea/RT

t = (ln2)/kd

Ea = 124.90 kJ/mole A = 1.54E+14 s-1 R = 8.3142 J/moleK T = (273.15+C) K

Storage

Due to the relatively unstable nature of organic peroxides a loss of quality can be detected over a period of time. To minimize the loss of quality, Akzo Nobel recommends a maximum storage temperature (Ts max.) for each organic peroxide product. For Trigonox 21S Ts max. = 10C (50F) and Ts min. = -30C (-22F) to prevent crystallization
HP 65815.10/March 2006 Page 1 of 4

When stored according to these recommended storage conditions, Trigonox 21S will remain within the Akzo Nobel specifications for a period of at least three months after delivery.

Thermal stability

Organic peroxides are thermally unstable substances, which may undergo self-accelerating decomposition. The lowest temperature at which selfaccelerating decomposition of a substance in the original packaging may occur is the Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT). The SADT is determined on the basis of the Heat Accumulation Storage Test. For Trigonox 21S SADT : 35C (95F) Emergency temperature (Tem) : 25C (77F) : 20C (68F) Control temperature (Tc)

The Heat Accumulation Storage Test is a recognized test method for the determination of the SADT of organic peroxides (see Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria - United Nations, New York and Geneva).

Major decomposition products Packaging and transport

Carbon dioxide, tert-Butanol, Heptane, 3-tert-Butoxyheptane In North America Trigonox 21S is packed in non-returnable, vented, five gallon polyethylene containers of 35 lb net weight. In other regions the standard packaging is a 30-liter HDPE can (Nourytainer) for 25 kg peroxide content. Both packaging and transport meet the international regulations. For the availability of other packed quantities consult your Akzo Nobel representative. Trigonox 21S is classified as Organic peroxide type C; liquid, temperature controlled, Division 5.2; UN 3113.

Safety and handling

Keep containers tightly closed. Store and handle Trigonox 21S in a dry well-ventilated place away from sources of heat or ignition and direct sunlight. Never weigh out in the storage room. Avoid contact with reducing agents (e.g. amines), acids, alkalis and heavy metal compounds (e.g. accelerators, driers and metal soaps). Please refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for further information on the safe storage, use and handling of Trigonox 21S. This information should be thoroughly reviewed prior to acceptance of this product. The MSDS is available at www.akzonobel-polymerchemicals.com.

HP 65815.10/March 2006 Page 2 of 4

Applications
Polymerization of ethylene Polymerization of styrene

Trigonox 21S is an efficient initiator for the production of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE). It is used both for tubular and autoclave processes. In most cases a combination with other peroxides is used to ensure a broad reactivity range. In suspension polymerization processes, Trigonox 21S can be used for the polymerization of styrene at approximately 90C. Trigonox 21 has an activity comparable with Dibenzoyl peroxide (Perkadox L-W75). Typically, Trigonox 21S is used in combination with initiators such as tertButyl peroxybenzoate (Trigonox C) and tert-Butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate (Trigonox 117). During polymerization the temperature is increased in steps. A comparison is made between the thermally and Trigonox 21 initiated (0.16 mmole/100 g styrene) polymerization of styrene in a mass process, applying a typical temperature scheme (110-140-180C). Figure 1 shows the conversion/time curves. Figure 1.
100 90 80 150 70 60 50 40 30 50 20 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Reaction time (hours) Thermal 25 125

Mass polymerization of styrene

Temperature (C) 200

Conversion (%)

175

100

Trigonox 21

75

0 10

Initiator Thermal Trigonox 21

Mw 340,000 314,000

Mn 85,000 95,000

D 4.0 3.4

By using Trigonox 21 a polymer of molecular weight similar to the material produced in the thermal polymerization can be obtained at increased polymerization rate.
HP 65815.10/March 2006 Page 3 of 4

Polymerization of acrylates and methacrylates

Trigonox 21S is an efficient initiator for the solution (co)polymerization of acrylates and methacrylates in the temperature range of 80-150C, amongst others for the manufacture of coatings. Trigonox 21S can also be applied as an initiator for the bulk and suspension (co)polymerization of acrylates and methacrylates.
Trigonox, Nourytainer and Perkadox are registered trademarks of Akzo Nobel Chemicals BV or affiliates.

All information concerning this product and/or suggestions for handling and use contained herein are offered in good faith and are believed to be reliable. Akzo Nobel Polymer Chemicals, however, makes no warranty as to accuracy and/or sufficiency of such information and/or suggestions, as to the product's merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose, or that any suggested use will not infringe any patent. Nothing contained herein shall be construed as granting or extending any license under any patent. Buyer must determine for himself, by preliminary tests or otherwise, the suitability of this product for his purposes. The information contained herein supersedes all previously issued bulletins on the subject matter covered. The user may forward, distribute, and/or photocopy this document only if unaltered and complete, including all of its headers and footers, and should refrain from any unauthorized use. You may not copy this document to a website. Akzo Nobel Polymer Chemicals BV Amersfoort, The Netherlands Tel. +31 33 467 6767 Fax +31 33 467 6151 polymerchemicals.nl@akzonobel-pc.com Akzo Nobel Polymer Chemicals LLC Chicago, U.S.A. Tel. +1 312 544 7000 1 800 828 7929 (Toll free US only) Fax + 1 312 544 7188 polymerchemicals.na@akzonobel-pc.com Akzo Nobel Polymer Chemicals Ltd. Shanghai, PR China Tel. +86 21 6279 3399 Fax +86 21 6247 1129 polymerchemicals.ap@akzonobel-pc.com

www.akzonobel-polymerchemicals.com 2004-2006 Akzo Nobel Polymer Chemicals

HP 65815.10/March 2006 Page 4 of 4