Cold/hot pack trials Benjamin Wait Elom Amemastro Feb.

23rd, 2014

Introduction: Dystan Medical Supply Company needs to determine what mixture is the best for their hot and cold packs. These packs will be used to treat various injuries that require temperature treatment, and the company needs to find the most cost effective mixture. This study aims to determine what amount of which salt will create the best Hot and Cold packs for the least amount of money. The company needs these experiments done to improve their product and effectively increase the products revenue. Improving the technology will also benefit the customers, improving the treatment of the different injuries that this product will be used to treat. A test will need to be done on each of the 4 test salts, Ammonium Nitrate, Calcium Chloride, Lithium Chloride, and Potassium Chloride, to determine their enthalpy change when a specific amount of each is added to water. With this information, we must determine which salts are more effective as hot packs and which are more effective as cold packs. First, the calorimeter constant must be determined. To determine the calorimeter constant 100 ml of warm water will need to be heated to 100 degrees Celsius and add it to a calorimeter filled with 50 ml of room temperature water. The temperature change will need to be found and compared to the expected temperature change of the water. Using the temperature difference the amount of energy absorbed by the calorimeter can be calculated.

The salts that have been determined as cold will need to be tested for what amount of salt would be needed to change 100 ml of water from room temperature to 0 degrees Celsius. The salts that have been determined as hot will need to be tested for what amount of salt would be needed to change 100 ml of water from room temperature to 65 degrees Celsius.

Equations for determining the change in H dissolution of each salt Csolution= specific heat of water=4.184J/g C Hdissoloution= qdissoloution/moles of substance dissolved -qdissolution=-(msoloution*Csolution*Tsolution)+(Ccalorimeter*Tcalorimeter) moles of substance= mass of substance/molar mass of substance mass of solution=mwater+msalt Experimental: (Three grams of each will be given) Ammonium Nitrate Calcium chloride Lithium chloride Potassium chloride

Procedure

Attain two Styrofoam cups (placed one within the other) and a temperature probe. Prepare the measure net station, and do a reading to determine the calorimeter constant Measure out 50 ml of water and place it in the Styrofoam cups Prepare the measure net station for a temperature reading (see Appendix A1for step by step instrucions to see the thermogram). Measure out two grams of salt, and prepare to release the salt into Styrofoam cup. Place the probe in the water, add the salt, and begin the temperature reading. Continue the test until the temperature curve levels out. Repeat the process, making two tests for each salt ( a total of eight tests). Make sure you have sufficient information to fill out all of the tables below.

Analyze the data from the salts, if the reaction is endothermic, then it will be used for a cold pack. If it is exothermic, then it will be used for a hot pack.

Calculations for calorimeter constant:

Mass of salt

mass of water

initial temp.

final temp.

Ammonium nitrate test results.

Trial 1 Trial 2

Calcium chloride results Trial 1 Trial 2

Lithium chloride results Trial 1 Trial 2

Potassium chloride results Trial 1 Trial 2

1. determine the molar heat of the reaction of each salt.-trial 1

2. determine the molar heat of the reaction for each salt.-trial 2

What is the average Hdisolution of each salt? Determine if it is exothermic or endothermic.

Ammonium Nitrate:

Potassium Chloride:

Lithium Chloride:

Calcium Chloride:

Determine the price of each of the salts: (*Prices* ammonium nitrate: 26.20 per 500g Calcium chloride: 31.70 per 500 g Lithium chloride: 65.00 per 500 g Potassium chloride: 28.19 per 500 g Labor cost per unit: .73 Capital/ovreheadcost per unit: .36 Plastic bag cost per unit: .19 The underlined is always added) Ammonium Nitrate:

Potassium Chloride

Lithium Chloride

Calcium Chloride

What salt is the most effective s a hot pack? What is its cost?

What salt is the most effective for a cold pack? What is its cost?

Bibliography
Stanton, B.; Zhu, L.; Atwood, C. H. Experiments in general chemistry featuring MeasureNet, 2nd ed.; Brokks/Cole Cengage Learning: Belmont, 2006; p 243-251, p 395-399