Acid Base Equilibrium

Made by: Bryanna W, Kathleen S, Enxhi F, and Aidan L

Just the Basics

An acid is a proton (H+) donors and bases are proton acceptors.

A strong acid completely dissociates in water while weak acids only partially dissociate HCl(aq)+ H2O(l) H3O+(aq)+ Cl-(aq)

This reaction goes to completion a there is no HCl left in solution, proving that HCl is a strong acid

Just the Basics Continued

There are generally only two strong basics to consider: the hydroxide and the oxide ion all other common bases are weak a weak base also establishes an equilibrium system Conjugate acid-base pairs: differ by only a single H+ Ex: Ammonia (NH3) and Ammonium ion (NH4+)

To predict on which side equilibrium will lie, this general rule applies

The equilibrium will favor the side in which the weaker

The Dissociation Constant Ka

Strong acids completely dissociate in water Weak acids partially dissociate and establish an equilibrium system When the equilibrium constant is associated with dissociation it is called acid dissociation constant. The greater the amount of dissociation is, the larger the K value is.

Kw - Water Dissociation Constant

Water is amphoteric (acts as a water or a base, depending on where it is placed). Pure water exhibits the same amphoteric nature, however. Water dissociation constant, Kw, takes the form: Kw = [H+][OH-]= 1.0X10-14 at 25oC The concentration of water is a constant and is incorporated as such into Kw . The numerical value of this is true for the product of the [H+] and [OH-].

pH
Because the concentration of the hydronium ion, H3O+, can vary tremendously in solutions of acids and bases, a scale to easily represent the acidity of a solution was developed. It is called the pH scale and is related to H3O+

pH= -log[H30+] OR -log[H+] EX: pH= -log[H30+] = -log[1.0x10-7] = -(-7.00) = 7.00

this is the pH of water. On a pH scale (0-14) water is 7 and is neutral

pH Continued
A solution whose [H30+]
is greater than in pure water will have a pH less than 7.00 is called acidic. A solution whose [H30+] is less than pure water and has a pH greater than 7.00 is called basic pOH= -log[OH-]

Kb - Base Dissociation Constant

Kb = [HB+][OH-]/[HB] The same reasoning that was used in dealing with weak acids is also true here. The Ka and Kb of conjugate acid-base pairs are related through the Kw expression: Kw = Ka x Kb

Acidic/Basic Properties of Salts

Cation From Anion From Solution

Strong Base

Strong Acid

Neutral

Strong Base

Weak Acid

Basic

Weak Base

Strong Acid

Acidic

Weak Base

Weak Acid

Must be determined by comparing K values

The End!
Try a sample problem: CALCULATE the [H+] of a 0.300 M acetic acid solution. Ka =1.8x10-5 HC2H3O2(aq) H+(aq) + C2H3O2- (aq) 0.300-x Ka = [H+][C2H3O2]/[HC2H302 = 1.8X10-5 = (X)(X)/(0.300-X) = 1.8X10-5 X = [H+] = 2.3x10-3 M