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Cahpther-21-

Question -1-:
A positively charged rod is brought close to a natural piece of
paper, which it attracts. draw a diagram showing the reparation of charge
and explain why attraction occurs?
Answer -1-: ‫ــ‬ +

Neutral Separation of charge

The attraction occurs due to the separation of charge as shown in the

figure where the electrons(negative charges)attracted to ward to the
positive charged rod and the positive charges repel to the far end of the
piece of the paper which results the attraction force to be bigger than the
repulsion force and there for attraction occurs.

Question -2-:
When a charged ruler attracts small piece of paper, sometimes a
piece jumps quickly away after touching the ruler, why? Explain your
answer.
Answer -2-:
In the first question we explain why the neutral piece of paper
charged rod. Now when the piece of paper touch the charged ruler some
charges transported from the ruler to the piece of paper which became
charged by touch with the same kind of charges. There for this piece
jumps quickly away by the repulsion force.

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Question -3-:
a)Draw the electric field lines surrounding two negative electric
charges q1 > q2 a distance l apart.
b) If q1=1.2 µc, q2=0.6 µc and l = 9cm.Estmaite the magnitude
and direction of the electric force on each charge. (k=9× 109)

Answer -3-:
a)

q1=1.2 µc q2 = 0.6 µc

b)

l = 9cm=.09m

q1=1.2 µc=1.2× 10-6 q2 = 0.6 µc=.6× 10-6

f12=f21=k. q1q2 = 9× 109× 1.2× 10-6× 0.6 × 10-6 = .08 N/c Repulsion
L2 (.09)2

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Question -4-:
I) Define the electric field strength E.
II) Making use with the following figure calculates:
a) The electric field strength at the point D magnitude and direction due
q1.
b) The electric field strength at the point D magnitude and direction due
q2.
c) The resultant electric field strength at the point D magnitude and
direction.

Answer -4-:
I) electric field strength E: The force pear unit charges.
II)
E1

°90
E2 Enet
5cm

13cm
q1= 1.44× 10-11c q2=10-11 c

a)E1=k × q1 = 9× 109× 1.44× 10-11= 9N/c Repulsion

L2 (12)2 × 10-2

b)E2=k × q2 = 9× 109× 10-11 = 9N/c Attraction

L2 (12)2 × 10-2

c)Enet =√ E12+E22 = √ 81 + 1296 = 37.11 N/c

tan θ= E1= 36 = 4 ∴ θ = °76

E2 9

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Question -5-:
Why electric field lines never cross?
Answer -5-:
Because the electric field at any point has only one direction.

Question -6-:
Why the two leaves in the electroscope repel each other when you
charged it?
Answer -6-:
Because the two leaves had the same kind of charges and they are repulse

Question -7-:
How can you use the electroscope to determine the sign of a given
charge?
Answer -7-:
We can by noun charge and contact the electroscope to it's disk, if
separation of leaves increase the charges will be positive (the same). But
if the separation of leaves decrease the charge will be negative (opposite).

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6
 Cahpther-22-
Question -1-:
Define the uniform electric field.
Explain how can you get a uniform electric field in the lab.
If two parallel plates connected to a 12v battery and the separation of the
plates is 1.5cm. Calculate the electric field strength between the two
plates.
Answer -1-:
The uniform electric field: it's has the same magnitude and direction at
any point in it and we represent it by parallel electric field lines.
1.5cm
+ -
- +
+ -
E= V = 12 = 80 N/c + -
d .15 + -

12V
Question -2-:
Define the electric flux φ .
Calculate the electric flux in the following cases:
Answer -2-:
The electric flux ( φ ): it is the total electric force lines radiated from a
charge in the electric field. A=20cm
I) φ = E× A = 500× 20 = 1 Nm2/C E=500 N/C °
90
10000 A=20cm
II)φ = E× A× sin θ = 500× 20 × .866= 0.866 Nm2/C °
60
10000

III)φ = Zero

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Question -3-:
Write the statement of Gauss's law and its formula.
Answer -3-:
Gauss's Law:- The total electric flux radiated from a charge through
closed surface is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge exit
in side the close surface.
{φ = Q } ε 0:- is the permeability of the air =8.85× 10-12
ε 0
Question -4-:
a) A 200m long of a thin wire carries a uniformly distributed charge of
(5.6× 10-4 c.a).Calculate the magnitude and direction of the electric field
E at point 50cm above the wire far from it ends.(ε 0=8.85× 10-12)
b) Draw the electric field lines surround apiece of that wire.

Answer -4-:
a) E= Q A= 2π r× L m2
ε 0. A

∴ E= 5.6× 10-4 = 1× 105 N/C

8.85× 10-12× 6.28× .5× 200

b)
E=??

r = 50cm

+++++++++++
L = 200m
Q= 5.6× 10-4

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Question -5-:
(Problem 1 page 587) A flat circle of radius 15cm is placed in uniform
electric field of magnitude 5.8 × 102N/C.What is the electric flux through
the circle when its face is:
a) Perpendicular to the field lines.
b) At 45o to field lines.
c) parallel to the field lines.

Answer -5-:
a) φ = E× A × sin θ = 580× 22× (.015)2× 1= 41 N m2/C
7

°
90
b) φ = E× A × sin θ = = 580× 22× (.015)2× .7= 28.7 N m2/C
7

c) Zero

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10
 Cahpther-23-

Question -1-:
Define the following items:
Potential energy v – Electric potential va - Electric Potential difference.
Answer -1-:
Potential energy v: - it's the energy acquired by the charge when exit in
the electric field.
Electric potential va: - it's the potential energy per-unit charge.

Electric potential difference: - it's the work done to transfer unit charge
between two points in the electric field.

Question -2-:
Using the following figure calculates:
a) The electric potential at the point a.
b) The electric potential at the point b.
c) The potential difference between the points a and b.
d) The work done by a moving a positive charge 5× 10-6c from the point a
to point b.

Answer -2-:
Va Vb

Q=4× 10-11c L1=9cm

L2=15cm
a)Va= + k.Q = 9× 10 × 4× 10
9 -11
=4V
L1 .09
b)Vb= + k.Q = 9× 109× 4× 10-11 = 2.4 V
L1 .09
c) V difference = +4 - 2.4=1.6 V

d) w= q(Va- Vb) = 5× 10-6× 1.6 = 8× 10-6 Joule

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Question -3-:
Two equal but opposite charges are separated by a distance of 3cm at
points A and B as shown in the figure.
Calculate:
a) Vc due to q1 and q2.
b) VD due to q1 and q2.
c) VcD = Vc- VD
d) The work required to bring a charge of 5 µc from the point D to the
point C.
(Note: w=q(VD- Vc ) =-q VD c J)

Answer -3-:
C

3 cm 3 cm

A B

3 cm 3 cm
q1= +5 µc q1=-5 µc

a) Vc due to q1= + k.Q = 9× 109× 5× 10-6 = 15× 105 V

L .03

Vc due to q2 = - k.Q = 9× 109× -5× 10-6 = -15× 105 V

L .03
Vc total = Vc due to q1-Vc due to q2 =+15× 105 V-15× 105 V=Zero

b)VD due to q1= + k.Q = 9× 109× 5× 10-6 = 7.5× 105 V

L .06
VD due to q2= + k.Q = 9× 10 × 5× 10-6 = -7.5× 105 V
9

L .06
VD total =VD due to q1-VD due to q2=+7.5× 105 V -15.5× 105 V=-7.5× 105
V

C) VcD = Vc- VD =Zero-(-7.5× 105 V)= 7.5× 105 V

d) w=q(VD- Vc ) =-q VD c J

w=5× 10-6 (-7.5× 105 V)= -3.75 J

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Question -4-:
What we mean by the term equipotent surfaces? Draw the equipotent
surfaces between two oppositely charged: a) Parallel plates. b) Particles.

Answer -4-:
Equipotent surfaces: - it's the surface which has same electric potential at
any point on it.
a) Parallel plates:- b) Particles:-
+2 Zero -2 +3 Zero -3
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -

Question -5-:
Make us with the following figure find:
a) The electric field E and the electric potential V at the points A,B and C.
Answer -5-:

A Q =5× 10-11
1 cm

r =3 cm B C
L=6 cm

a) EA= Zero because L=1 cm less than r which = 3 cm i.e it's inside the
sphere.
EB= k.Q = 9× 109× 5× 10-11 =15 N/C
L .03
EC= k.Q = 9× 109× 5× 10-11 = 5 N/C
L .09
VA=VB= k.Q = 9× 109× 5× 10-11 =15 V
L .03
Because they are inside the sphere

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VC= k.Q = 9× 109× 5× 10-11 =5V
L .09

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 Cahpther-25-

Question -1-:
How can you make a current in a wire?
Answer -1-:
We connect the wire with two conductors there is between them potential
difference.
Question -2-:
How can we get a potential difference between the terminal of the wire?
Answer -2-:
By connect the terminal of the wire to a battery.
Question -3-:
Describe the battery of which it consists?
Answer -3-:
The battery consist from several simple sells.
Question -4-:
Describe the electric cell (simple cell)?
Answer -4-:
Simple cell
+ -
----- --
Cupper ------- Zinc
-------

Dilute (sulfuric Acid)

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Question -6-:
What we mean by electric circuit? Draw a diagram of simple circuit.
Answer -6-:
Cellar Battery
+ -

Conventional current Electronic current

(Electric current) (Conductor wire)

Load
Electric device

Question -7-:
What is the difference between the conventional current and electronic
current.
Answer -7-:
Conventional current: - Positive charges flow from electric current to
electric device.
Electronic current: - negative charges flow from conductor wire to
electric device.
Question -8-:
Define the intensity of the electric current I.
Answer -8-:
I = Q = n.qe coulomb/second (Ampere)
t t
Where qe = 1.61.6× 10-19C
And
n = number of electron

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Question -9-:
Define the statement of ohm's low and express it mathematically.
Answer -9-:
The electric current flow through a conductor is directly proportional to
the voltage across the conductor.
Or V = R constant called the resistance of the conductor.
I
Question -10-:
Define the resistance R.
Answer -10-:
The resistance R:
R= V
I That means the resistance is the ratio between the
voltage across the conductor and the current flew through it. And it's
standard unit ohm(Ω ).

Question -11-:
Recall the factors on which the resistance depends up on.
Answer -11-:
a) Length (L).
b) The area of the cross section (A).
c) Temperature (T).
d) The resistively (P).
R∝L
A
Or
R = P. L
A
Or
P = R.A
L

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Question -12-:
A steady current of 2.5À flows in a wire of resistance 40Ω . For 4 min.
a) Find the potential difference between its ends.
b) Find the total charge flowed through the wire within 4min.
c) How many electrons in the total charge? (Remember qe =1.6× 10-19C).
Answer -12-:
a) V = I . R = 2.5× 40 = 100V
b) Q =I .t = 2.5× (4× 60)= 6× 102 C
c) I= n.qe n× 1.6× 10-19C = 2.5× 40
t
∴ n = 6× 102 = 3.756× 1021 electron
1.6× 10-19

Sections (4, 5)
Question -1-:
Write the relation between conductivity and the resistively and its
standard unit.

Answer -1-:
σ O 1 Ω .m
P

Question -2-:
Write the relation between electric energy and electric power.
Answer -2-:
Electric energy: -
E=I.V Joule
2
Or = R . I .t Joule I=V
Or =V 2. t Joule R
R
Electric power: -
P=I.V watt
2
Or = R . I .t watt P=E
Or =V 2. t watt t

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 R

Cahpther-26-

Question -1-:
Conclude the electric current flow in a simple circuit?
Answer -1-:
E. M.f (Electromotive Force) and terminal voltages: -

I = e. m. f (ξ ) Ampere
R+r

Or
ξ = I(R+ r) volt

e. m. f = ξ when no current draw from the

battery

Liquid resistance
( ∨∨∨∨)
r
V
Terminal voltage

∨∨∨∨
R External resistance

Question -2-:
Write Req for R1, R2 and R3? a) in series. b) in parallel.
Answer -2-:
R1 R2 R3
a) in series:-Req = R1+R2 +R3 a ∨∨∨ ∨∨∨ ∨∨∨ b

R1
∨∨∨
b) in parallel:- 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 . a ∧∧∧R2 b
Req Req Req Req ∧∧∧

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 R3

Question -2-:
Write kirchhoff's Rules.
Answer -2-:
First or Junction rule: -
At any point, the sum of all currents entering the junction must equal the
sum of all currents leaving the junction.

Second or Loop rule: -

The sum of the changes in potential around any closed path of a circuit
must be zero.

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