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GRID Section

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Purpose of the GRID section

SIS Training

The Grid section contains the properties used to calculate pore volume & transmissibility
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PV = Vcell NTG

T(x, y, z) =

K ( x , y , z ) A ( x , y , z ) NTG L ( x, y,z )

ECLIPSE uses cell pore volume and transmissibility to calculate flows from cell to cell

Minimum GRID Section

SIS Training

Required Properties for each cell in the model: Geometry

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Cell dimensions & depths Properties Porosity Permeability (Net-to-gross or net thicknessif not included, ECLIPSE assumes equal to 1)

Types of Grids Supported

1 SIS Training

Cartesian

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Block Centered

Corner Point

Radial
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Unstructured (PEBI)

Block-Centered vs Corner Point: Geometry

3 SIS Training

Block-Centered
DX keyword specifies the thickness of the cells in the I direction

TOPS keyword specifies the upper face depth

Corner Point
x

(10,1,1)
DY keyword specifies the thickness of the cells in the J direction
x x

x x x

ZCORN keyword specifies the height of all corners of all cells

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x x

(10,1,1)
DZ keyword specifies the thickness of the cells in the K direction

(11,1,1)

COORD keyword specifies the X,Y,Z of the lines that define the corner of all cells

(11,1,1)
x x x x

Note: DXV, DYV, DZV are alternate forms

Block-Centered vs Corner Point: Transmissibility Flow from

Block-Centered
(10,1,1)

2 SIS Training

cell can flow to

cell(s)
(10,1,1)
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Corner Point

(11,1,1)

(11,1,1)

Cell connections are by logical order: (11,1,1) (11,1,2) & (10,1,1)

Cell connections are by geometric position: (11,1,1) (11,1,2), (10,1,2)partial & (10,1,3)

Block-centered vs Corner point: Summary

SIS Training

Block-centered Cell description is simple Pre-processor is not required Geometry data is small Geologic structures are modelled simplistically Pinchouts & unconformities are difficult to model Incorrect cell connections across faults (user must modify transmissibility)
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Corner Point Cell description can be complex Pre-processor is required Geometry data is voluminous Geologic structures can be modelled accurately Pinchouts & unconformities can be modelled accurately Layer contiguity across fault planes is accurately modelled
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Radial vs Cartesian Keywords

SIS Training
Block-centered Cartesian NX, NY, NZ DX, DY, DZ (or D*V form) Radial NR, NTHETA, NZ DR (INRAD & OUTRAD), DTHETA, DZ (or D*V form) PERMR, -THT, -Z MULTR, etc Corner Point Cartesian NX, NY, NZ COORD, ZCORN Radial NR, NTHETA, NZ COORD, ZCORN
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PERMX, -Y, -Z MULTX, etc

PERMX, -Y, -Z MULTX, etc

PERMR, -THT, -Z MULTR, etc

Grid Cell Property Definition

SIS Training

Cell properties such as PORO, PERMX, PERMY, PERMZ, NTG are averages defined at the centre

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Cartesian Data Reading Convention

1 SIS Training

Cell data is read with i cycling fastest, followed by j then k

k increasing (1,1,1)
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i increasing

j increasing (12,4,1)

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Radial Data Reading Convention

1 SIS Training

Cell data is read with R cycling fastest, followed by then k

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k increasing

increasing R increasing (1,1,1)

(4,3,1)

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Unstructured Grid Reading Convention

SIS Training

Unstructured grids do not have row-column type organization ECLIPSE requires this information, so cells are assigned I,J,K values by FloGrid
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(8,19,1)

Use a post-processor to modify a PEBI grid!

(2,4,1)

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Inactive Cells
SIS Training

Avoid simulating fluid flow in unimportant cells ACTNUM explicitly set each cells behaviour 0 indicates the cell is inactive 1 indicates the cell is active MINPV indicate a minimum pore volume for a cell to be active PINCH indicate a minimum thickness for a cell to be active ECLIPSE will automatically inactivate any cell with zero pore volume
Note: FloViz & FloGrid are normally defaulted to show active cells only (Scene | Grid | Show | Inactive cells)
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Cell Property Definition Rules

SIS Training

One property per cell (NX*NY*NZ) Values must be defined for inactive cells too Explicit values only ECLIPSE has no facilities for entering data as a function FloGrid, Office, FloViz have property calculators
Define the property with the pre-processor Export the property as a text file (*.grdecl) Use the INCLUDE keyword
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Input Examples
2 SIS Training
--NX = 5, NY = 3, NZ = 4 NTG 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 15*0.40 15*0.95 15*0.85 /

Specify each value Specify similar values with the * EQUALS example

1.00 1.00 1.00

1.00 1.00 1.00

1.00 1.00 1.00

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EQUALS 'PORO ' 0.250 / 'PERMX' 45 / 'PERMX' 10 1 5 1 3 2 2 / 'PERMX' 588 1 5 1 3 3 3 / / BOX 1 3

Applies to whole grid Applies to cells specified

1 /

BOX example

PORO 9*0.28 / PERMX 100 80 ENDBOX

This would overwrite PORO & PERMX specified previously

110 92 91 84 /

85

83

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COPY example MULTIPLY example

COPY 'PERMX' 'PERMY' / 'PERMX' 'PERMZ' / / MULTIPLY 'PERMZ' 0.05 / 15 /

Cell Property Definition using Petrel

SIS Training

The properties are assigned to each cell during upscaling & exported to a file The INCLUDE keyword is used to load the properties from Petrel: INCLUDE
grainne_props.grdecl /
grainne_props.grdecl
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Local Grid Refinement

SIS Training

Allows high grid resolution in an area of interest while keeping a low resolution elsewhere. Typical applications: Near well pressure changes Coning and cusping Condensate dropout Areas of high well density Fields sharing a common aquifer

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Introducing a Cartesian LGR

SIS Training

CARFIN --Name LGR1

I1 I2 2 4

J1 J2 2 7

K1 K2 1 1

NX 6

NY 18

NZ 1

Wells 1 /
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1) Choose global cells to refine 2) Decide on LGR size 3) Insert CARFIN, update LGR in RUNSPEC

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Introducing a Radial LGR

SIS Training

1)

Choose global cells to refine

Single vertical column OR 2 x 2 vertical column (E100 only)
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2)

Decide on LGR size

Inner radius and outer radius (optional) Limited choice for NTHETA:
Single column -> 1 or 4 2 x 2 column -> 4 or 8

3)

Insert RADFIN (or RADFIN4), INRAD, OUTRAD (optional) and update LGR in RUNSPEC

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Radial LGR Examples

SIS Training

A single vertical column of cells

RADFIN --Name RAD1 I 2 J 2 K1 K2 1 1 NR 4 NTHETA 1 NZ 1 Wells 1 /

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INRAD 0.507 /

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Radial LGR Examples

SIS Training

A 2 x 2 vertical column of cells (E100 only)

RADFIN4 --Name I1 I2 RAD4 4 5 INRAD 0.507 / OUTRAD 9.0 / J1 J2 4 5 K1 K2 1 1 NR 6 NTHETA 8 NZ 1 Wells 1 /

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Adjusting the size of LGRs

SIS Training

To modify the default sizes of local cells 1) Set number of local cells in each global cell 2) Define relative sizes of local cells 3) Conclude specification (if not specifying properties)
CARFIN --Name I1 I2 J1 J2 K1 K2 NX NY ALGR 2 6 2 4 1 1 14 7 NXFIN 2 3 4 3 2 / NYFIN 2 3 2 / HXFIN 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 / ENDFIN
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NZ 1

Wells 1 /

Property Modification
SIS Training

Local cells automatically inherit properties from global host cells. Can be over-ridden using most GRID section keywords. Must be placed after specification keyword (CARFIN, RADFIN or RADFIN4) and before ENDFIN or subsequent specification keyword.
CARFIN --Name LGR1 I1 I2 2 4 J1 J2 2 7 K1 K2 1 1 NX 6 NY 18 NZ 1 Wells 1 /
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EQUALS PORO 0.18 / PERMX 150 / / ENDFIN

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Non-neighbor Connections (NNCs)

SIS Training

An NNC allows flow between cells without adjacent IJK indices Pinchouts & Unconformities (PINCH and/or MINPV)
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Faults Aquifers often require NNCs Local Grid Refinement (LGRs) and Coarsening (LGCs) Radial Models Dual Porosity/Permeability models User-defined NNCs
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Common NNCs
LGR
Global cell (1,2,1) has NNCs to LGR cells (1,1,1), (1,2,1) and (1,3,1) ECLIPSE will calculate
3 SIS Training

Fault Throw
(4,2,1) has NNCs to (3,2,3) & (3,2,4) ECLIPSE will calculate in Corner Point grids (default transmissibility NEWTRAN)
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Unconformity
(12,2,5) has NNC to (12,2,7) PINCH or MINPV must be used
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NNCs in Radial Models

SIS Training

3,4,1 2,4,1 2,1,1

3,1,1

NNCs generated between = 0 and 360 using:

COORDSYS
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1 1,4,1 1,1,1

COMP

1,3,1

1,2,1

2,3,1 3,3,1

2,2,1

3,2,1

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Indexing Conventions
1 SIS Training

For any cell

J increasing K increasing K
(3,2,1)

I increasing

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I
(2,2,2)

J
(3,1,2)

J+
(3,3,2)

(3,2,2)

I+
(4,2,2)

K+
(3,2,3)
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Transmissibility Options in ECLIPSE

SIS Training

NEWTRAN:
Harmonic average of half-cell transmissibility Based on the mutual interface area of the two cells A dip correction is automatically accounted for (using the vector distance from the cell center to the cell face center ) Default for corner point grids

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OLDTRAN:
(Harmonic average of Perm) * (Arithmetic average of Area) Dip correction is applied (even across faults) Default for block-centered grids

OLDTRANR:
Harmonic average of (Perm * Area) Dip correction is applied (even across faults)
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NEWTRAN Definition
SIS Training

Ty & Tz are similar, however NTG is not used in Tz

Kx1 NTG1 A
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Dx1 Dx2

Kx2 NTG2

Tx =

c MULTX i 1 A D1 Kx1 NTG1 D D 1 1 + 1 A D2 Kx2 NTG2 D D 2 2

A D1 AX DX 1 + AY DY 1 + AZ DZ 1 2 2 2 D D = D X 1 + DY 1 + D Z 1 1 1
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OLDTRAN Definition
SIS Training

c MULTX A DIPC Tx = B
KX1 and NTG1

DX2

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A=

DX 2 DY1 DZ1 NTG1 + DX 1 DY2 DZ 2 NTG2 (DX 1 + DX 2 )

KX2 and NTG2

DZ1

Depth D1 T12 Depth D2

DX 1 DX 2 Kx + Kx 1 2 B= 2

DZ2

DX 1 + DX 2 2 DIPC = 2 DX 1 + DX 2 2 + (Depth1 Depth2 ) 2

2

DX1

(DX1+ DX2)/2

Ty & Tz are similar, however neither NTG nor the dip correction (DIPC) are used in Tz
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GRID Transmissibility Modification Rules

SIS Training

The MULT and MULT- multipliers are not cumulative Affect direct & non-neighbor connections, but not userdefined NNCs If both MULT and MULT- multipliers are used on the same two cells, then the product of the multipliers is applied to the transmissibility The MULTIPLY keyword has a cumulative effect
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Transmissibility Modifications
SIS Training
FAULTS -IX1 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 19 11 IX2 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 19 35 IY1 1 1 2 4 5 7 8 1 11 IY2 1 1 4 4 7 7 8 11 11 IZ1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IZ2 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 FACE X Y X Y X Y X X Y / / /
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Straight Faults (ID1 & ID2)

ID3 ID3 ID3 ID3 ID3 ID3 ID3 ID2 ID1 /

/ / / / / /

Zig-Zag Fault (ID3)

MULTFLT -- Multiplier (no diffusion) ID2 ID1 / 0.5 / 0 /

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GRID Section Output Controls

SIS Training

For a report in the PRT file, use:

RPTGRID (request report of many GRID Section keywords, including ALLNNC) BOUNDARY limits the PRT output to specified I,J,K range

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For 3D viewable output, use:

Geometric data (*.egrid), GRIDFILE
0 1/

For an unstructured grid, the *.egrid must be exported from FloGrid

Static properties (*.init), INIT

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Schlumberger Private

EDIT Section

Purpose of the EDIT Section

SIS Training

Cell geometry, pore volume and transmissibily are calculated in the GRID Section These properties are modified in the EDIT Section EDIT is optional
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EDIT Section keywords

SIS Training

GRID Section output that may be modified in the EDIT Section:

DEPTH, PORV, TRAN (X, Y, R, THT, Z) Diffusivity Option keywords
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Operators
MULTIPLY, BOX, EQUALS, COPY, ADD, MINVALUE, MAXVALUE

Others
EDITNNC, MULTPV, MULTFLT MULT (X, Y, R, THT, Z, etc) are allowed but not recommended
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SIS Training

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EX 3: Sector
Model GRID

This slide does not appear in the manual

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