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IN MODERN SCIENCE
Abstract
The Buddhist analysis of matter goes hand in hand with our modern scientific
understanding of matter. Quantum physics has recently proved that the major part of
matter actually consists of empty space. Whenever we analyze matter, most of the time
we come across emptiness, while the solid part of matter is hard to recognize. On one
side all the atoms are empty at micro level, on the other side at macro level; most part
Albert Einstein, the pioneer for Quantum Mechanics, and many modern scientists were
very much influenced by the Buddhist doctrines related to the concepts of absence of
any Creator God, absence of any soul or self (anatta), Dependent Origination
emphasis on the lack of intrinsic nature of dhammas and states that all dhammas are
conceptual constructs.
IN MODERN SCIENCE
Introduction
„emptiness‟”, but it entails a further emphasis on the lack of intrinsic nature of dhammas
To the Abhidhamma, dhammas are the smallest analyzable unit of existence, but for
Nāgārjuna, even these dhammas are conceptual constructs, and understanding this is
of emptiness can also be applied to the analysis of matter and explains why our very
The ancient Greeks believed that matter is composed of indivisible small elements with
certain characteristics, such as the characteristics of earth, water, air, and fire. They
called these elements atoms and they held that atoms were solid and fundamental.
However, Ernest Rutherford later demonstrated that atoms have an internal structure
Rutherford had discovered that atoms have a nucleus containing most of its mass and
that electrons orbit the nucleus.2,3 Moreover, he established that the nucleus of an atom
is only about one ten-thousandth of the diameter of the atom itself, which means that
99.99% of the atom's volume consists of empty space. This is the first manifestation of
Soon after Rutherford's discovery, physicists found that the nucleus of an atom likewise
has an internal structure and that the protons and neutrons making up the nucleus are
composed of even smaller particles, which they named quarks after a poem of James
implies that atoms are essentially empty. This is the second manifestation of emptiness
The terms "quarks" and "points in space" still suggest something solid, since they can
be imagined as irreducible mass particles. Yet, quantum field theory does away even
with this finer concept of solidity by explaining particles in the terms of field properties.
discrepancies between the predictions of QED and experimental observation have been
found till date. According to QED, subatomic particles are indistinguishable from fields,
whereas fields are basically properties of space. In this view, a particle is a temporary
space. This implies that matter is not different from space. This is the third
particles and interactions. For example, there are interactions between free electrons by
means of photons that result in an observed repelling force. There are also interactions
nucleon, the nucleus, the atom and the molecule are sufficiently described by these
interactions.2,3,4,5
Study of the respective equations suggests that interactions and these phenomena are
actual existence. Instead they predict the potential for existence. A manifest particle,
observed upon measurement. Therefore, matter does not inherently exist. It exists only
matter.2,3,4,5
Findings from the Buddhist analysis of matter goes hand in hand with our modern
scientific understanding of matter. Quantum physics has recently proved that the major
part of matter actually consists of empty space. Whenever we analyze matter, most of
the time we come across emptiness, while the solid part of matter is hard to recognize.
On one side all the atoms are empty at micro level, on the other side at macro level;
Albert Einstein, the pioneer for Quantum Mechanics, and many modern scientists were
very much influenced by the Buddhist doctrines related to the concepts of absence of
any Creator God, absence of any soul or self (anatta), Dependent Origination
Einstein had also predicted that the religion of the future will be a “cosmic religion” and
enthusiastically stated that “if there is any religion that would cope with modern
characteristics of what would be expected in a cosmic religion for the future. Buddhism
transcends a personal God and avoids dogma and theology. Buddhism covers both the
natural and spiritual domains of human existence. Buddhism is also based on a religious
sense aspiring from the experience of all things, natural and spiritual, as a meaningful
unity.4
The Concept of Emptiness of Matter in Modern Science Page 7
References
2. Knierim, T. 2009. Emptiness is Form [serial online]. [Cited 2009 October 20]; [4
http://www.thebigview.com/buddhism/emptiness.html
3. Finkelstein, D.R., Wallace, B.A. ed. 2001. Emptiness and Relativity. Berkeley, CA:
4. Dukas, H., Hoffman B., ed. 1954. Albert Einstein: The Human Side. Princeton,
5. Jammer, M. 1999. Einstein and religion: physics and theology. Princeton, NJ: