CBB1052 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD) & PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID)

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lecture, students should be able

to:

Explain what is PFD and P&ID Construct PFD given a process statement or from block diagram

Understand and apply general draughting rules

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

In the process flow diagram (PFD), processes

and/or process plants are shown as graphical symbols, interconnected by flow lines. The graphical symbols represent equipment and the lines represent flows of mass or energy or energy carriers.

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

The process flow diagram should consist of the

following basic information:

symbols of process equipment

denomination of the equipment

route and direction of the incoming and

outgoing material, energy and/or carrier flows

denomination of flows of incoming and outgoing materials, energy and/or carriers operating conditions (T and P)

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

Source: EN ISO 10628:2001

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

The process flow diagram may also contains:

denomination of flow directions and flow rates

of process fluids between the process steps

essential valves in the logical process position

with respect to their function

functional demands for process measurement

and control at essential points

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

(continued):
supplementary operating conditions ( , ) denomination of equipment and characteristic data of equipment

denomination of drives (e.g., gears, conveyors, belts, chains, cranes) and their characteristics

elevation of platforms and approximate relative vertical position of equipment.

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

Source: EN ISO 10628:2001

PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID)

The piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is

drawn based on the process flow diagram (PFD).

The P&ID represents the technical realization of a

process by means of graphical symbols for equipment and piping together with graphical symbols for process

measurement and control functions.

PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID)

The piping and instrument diagram should consist of the following basic information:

function or type of equipment, including drives,

conveyors as well as installed spares

identification number of equipment characteristic data of equipment indication of nominal diameter, pressure rating, material and type of piping

PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID)

Basic information (continued):

details of equipment, piping, valves and fittings,

thermal insulation

process measurement and control functions with identification number

characteristic data of drives, given in separate lists if necessary

PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID)

The piping and instrumentation diagram may also contains:

denomination of flow rates or amounts of energy or energy carriers route and direction of flow of energy or carriers type of essential primary elements and sensors essential construction materials for equipment elevation of platforms and approximate relative vertical position of equipment reference designation for valves and fittings denomination of equipment

EQUIPMENT FUNCTION CODE BASED ON

PTS

EQUIPMENT FUNCTION CODE BASED ON

PTS

GENERAL DRAUGHTING RULES ACCORDING TO BRITISH STANDARD

Dimensions

Should reflect the actual relative dimensions with respect to scale and elevation (exclude valves, pumps and measurement unit)

Location
Devices to be expected at the uttermost level of the plant shall appear at the top of the drawing Those devices at the lowest level are expected to be shown at the bottom of the drawing

Logical position

GENERAL DRAUGHTING RULES ACCORDING TO BRITISH STANDARD (CONT.)

Line Widths

1 mm for main flow lines 0.5 mm for

Graphical symbols of the equipment, except valves, fittings, and piping accessories Energy carrier lines and auxiliary system Subsidiary flow lines Rectangular frames for illustrating unit operations

0.25 mm for
Graphical symbols of valves, fittings and piping accessories Symbol for process measurement and control functions, control and data transmission lines Reference lines Other auxiliary lines,

GENERAL DRAUGHTING RULES ACCORDING TO BRITISH STANDARD (CONT.)

Flow Direction

Flow direction shall start from left to right or top to bottom

Line Spacing
Line should not be spaced less than twice the width of the lines Line spacing (parallel lines) > 10 mm is highly desirable

Arrows

For better understanding, arrow may be located at the inlet of the equipment and upstream of pipe branches

GENERAL DRAUGHTING RULES ACCORDING TO BRITISH STANDARD (CONT.)

Lines Connection

GENERAL DRAUGHTING RULES ACCORDING TO BRITISH STANDARD (CONT.)

Auxiliary system lines

Lines shall be shown as dashed lines with the indication of the direction of flow and reference to type of the energy carrier

Lettering
Height of letters shall be 5 mm for reference designations of major equipment 2.5 mm for other inscriptions

INSTRUMENT NOMENCLATURE

SUMMARY

PFD
P&ID General Draughting Rules

EXERCISE

Draw the process flow diagram of the cumene

manufacturing process according to the draughting standards outlined in BS.

Use the given block diagram to assist you

BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR CUMENE

MANUFACTURING PROCESS