Topic:

OMENTUM

Chapter: 6 start date: 3/21

I. Momentum A. A mass moving with a velocity

P = mv
P momentum kg m/s m mass v velocity kg m/s

B. more Momentum stuff

1. Momentum is a vector quantity 2. Velocity and momentum vectors point in the same direction.

3. Momentum is a conserved quantity

4. A net force is required to change a bodys momentum. 5. Momentum is directly proportional to both mass and speed.

6. Something big and slow could have the same momentum as something small and fast.

 Huge ship moving at a small velocity

P = Mv
High velocity bullet

P = mv

 A large truck has more momentum than a car moving at the same speed because it has a greater mass.

Which is more difficult to slow down? The car or the large truck?

30 kg m /s Momentum Examples
10 kg

3 m /s

10 kg

26
5 kg

p = 45 kg m /s
at 26 N of E

Equivalent Momenta

Car: m = 1800 kg; v = 80 m /s p = 1.44 105 kg m /s Bus: m = 9000 kg; v = 16 m /s p = 1.44 105 kg m /s

Train: m = 3.6 104 kg; v = 4 m /s p = 1.44 105 kg m /s

II. Impulse & momentum

A. Impulse the force acting on an object and the time during which the force acts.

J=F t J = impulse (N s) P=F t mv = F t

B. To increase the momentum of a golf ball, apply the largest force possible and followthrough on the swing. This increases the force and the time of contact. C. To decrease the momentum of a punch landing on a boxers face, the boxer should ride with the punch. This increases the time of contact which decreases the force of impact.

D. Bouncing causes a greater change in velocity therefore it increases the impact force that is felt by the object.

Example
A 2250 kg pickup truck has a velocity of 25 m/s to the east. What is the momentum of the truck?

5.6 x 10 4 kg m/s to the east

Example
A 1400 kg car moving westward with a velocity of 15 m/s collides with a utility pole and is brought to rest in 0.30 s. Find the magnitude of the force exerted on the car during the collision.

 7.0 x 10 4 N to the east

Example
A 2250 kg car traveling to the west slows down uniformly from 20.0 m/s to 5.00 m/s. How long does it take the car to decelerate if the force on the car is 8450 N to the east? How far does the car travel during the deceleration?

 Ft = (mv)

x = (vo + vf)t

t = 4 sec x = - 50 m = 50 m to the West

III. Law of conservation of momentum: In the absence of an external force, the momentum of a system remains unchanged.

A. The total momentum of the system before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.

 1. momentum is conserved a. in collisions b. for objects pushing away from each other

total initial momentum = total final momentum p1i + p2i= p1f + p2f m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f

Example
A 76 kg boater, initially at rest in a stationary 45 kg boat, steps out of the boat and onto the dock. If the boater moves out of the boat with a velocity of 2.5 m/s to the right, what is the final velocity of the boat?

 v = - 4.2 m/s v = 4.2 m/s to the left

B. Elastic Collisions:

1. When objects collide & bounce off of each other.(without being permanently deformed and without generating heat)

2. Both momentum & kinetic energy are conserved

elastic

p1o + p2o= p1f + p2f m1v1o + m2v2o = m1v1f + m2v2f

Conservation of KE
kinetic energy before = kinetic energy after mv21i + mv22i = mv21f + mv22f

Example
A 0.015 kg marble moving to the right at 0.225 m/s makes an elastic head on collision with a 0.030 kg shooter marble moving to the left at 0.180 m/s. After the collision, the smaller marble moves to the left at 0.315 m/s. Assume that both marbles are moving on a frictionless surface.

 What is the velocity of the larger marble after the collision?

Verify your answer by calculating total kinetic energy before & after the collision

 V2f = 9.0 x 10-2 m/s to the right

C. Inelastic Collisions:

1. when colliding objects become tangled or couple together. 2. Momentum is conserved kinetic energy is NOT conserved ( some converted to sound & internal energy)

p1i + p2i = pf m1v1i + m2v2i = (m1 + m2)vf

Example
A 1850 kg luxury sedan stopped at a traffic light is struck from behind by a compact car with a mass of 975 kg. The two cars become entangled as a result of the collision. If the compact car was moving at a velocity of 22 m/s to the North, what is the velocity of the entangled mass after the collison?

 Vf = 7.59 m/s to the north

 t = 4.00s x = 50.0 m to the west