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Consolidation of Forest blocks boundaries: Andhra Pradesh is situated in the peninsular region of India.

The geographical area of the State is 2.75 Lakh Km2, constituting 8.4% of the total area of the Country. Reserved Forest (RF) Protected Forest (PF) Un-classed Forest (UF) TOTAL Of State Geographic Area Of Countrys Forest Area 50,479 12,365 970 63,814 23.2% 8.3%

Forest Department is the only Government Department having large areas of land in their control in the shape of Forest. The pressure on forest land as well as its resources is increasing with the increase of human population. Recently after the enactment of ROFR Act, there is spurt in the in the Encroachments of the Forest Lands. Under these circumstances, it is very important for the AP Forest Department to consolidate the Forest Boundaries. Forest Block Notification: In Andhra Pradesh, basically the description of the boundary of the Forest Blocks in the notification has been done by 2 methods, i.e., i) Chain and compass and ii) Descriptive with details of Survey Numbers, village names and physical features. Limitations and Challenges faced during the Consolidation of Forest Boundary: Non availability of records and field books. Non availability of the boundary cairns in many of the Forest Blocks. Replacement of boundary cairns. Non co-operation of Revenue Department with forest Dept. in finding out the boundary of the Forest Blocks during joint survey. Non-entry of forest blocks and its survey numbers in to POB. Forest blocks which are having field book readings are often are not matching with existing boundary cairns. Error quantity may be more with chain and compass survey when it was used for larger areas, because of closing errors, slopes and other manual errors. Most of the places the field staff are not able to identify the forest block boundary on the ground exactly, not even indicatively. Court cases are increasing because of uncertainty of the Forest Block Boundaries. Revenue Department is issuing Pattas in RFs The RoFR Act 2006 increased the boundary problems to the large extent.

1. Limitations of the topo sheets with reference to Block Boundaries. These topo maps are prepared using 1:50000 Scale, hence the mapping
accuracy is 15mts.

Some of the Block shapes are not depicted properly on the topo sheet,

Forest Block boundaries on topo maps shall be used for the management
purpose only.

Block boundaries on topo maps are not provided with any of the Survey
numbers.

Many changes have taken place with respect to boundaries while it reaches to
the final notifications, but same was not updated in toposheet.

2. Magnetic deviation:
This is the technical problem and now causing difficulty in finding the boundary stations using compass bearing and distances. The Forest blocks were notified in the past and at that time this is the method available for survey of Forest Blocks and same field book was used in the Gazette notification. Since the magnetic north is a dynamic feature in space and time. The magnetic deviation is misguiding the survey teams who are using same field book for identification of boundary in the field.

3.

What is the solution? INTEGRATED APPROACH TO CONSOLIDATION OF FOREST BLOCK BOUNDARY

Use of technology Conversion of paper maps into digital maps. Preparation of blocks information Books, containing Vilalges, Pahani /
Adangal, POB, area statement etc.

Use satellite images. Use of Global Positioning System. Comparison of old traditional amps with latest satellite data. Use of notifications made available to the front line staff for their day to day activity. identification of the forest boundary line.

Training and education to the staff in use of the modern technology in Erection of the boundary pillars to the forest blocks. Construction of Protection wall to the Forest Blocks. Formation of helpdesk at Head office level to provide the technical support in
solving the boundary disputes.

Providing the legal support with regard to court cases. 4. Methodologies suggested:
It is suggested to acquire the following records and information of the forest blocks before commencement of the field work. 1. Gazette notification along with Map and Field book with area statement. 2. Survey of India topo map of the concerned Forest Block. 3. Area Statement of forest settlement file. 4. Pahani copies.

All the revenue villages maps surrounded by the Forest blocks. Block/ Compartment history maps from the working plans. The enclosure maps if exists. Collect documents (different time series) data for that Forest Block area. Important documents (Additions / deletions of the claims from the Sec 4 notification map and field book) from the notification file of the Forest Block. After acquiring all the records and information it is suggested to go through the documents and understand the nature of the block and its boundary directions. Subsequently it is suggested to do the reconnaissance survey of the Forest Block by moving around the Forest Block and try to identify the boundary pillars in addition to the tri and bi-junctions of the village revenue boundary. 5. Conclusion: Consolidation of the Forest Blocks and its fixing of the boundary line is possible only with integrated approach. It is essential to use all sources of data and all possible methods to be explored for finalizing the boundary line. Most of the places staff is working with lot of uncertainty with regard to RF boundary and leading to illegal occupation of the lands by several means. It is also important that the areas where the rights were assigned to the Scheduled tribes and other forest dwellers as per the RoFR act 2006 shall be indicated on the Forest Block Maps. So that the further expansion of encroachment can be identified and further steps may be taken in this regard. Otherwise it is very difficult to know the old encroachment and fresh encroachment over a period of time in the Forest areas. The Supreme Court and National Commission on Forestry have directed / advised for DGPS / ETS Survey of Forest areas in each district and Government of India has issued necessary orders to all States in this regard. The learned participants are requested to deliberate on various issues and suggest a final procedure to fix the forest boundaries.

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