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Technical Description
Copyright SIEMENS AG December 2003 Information and Communication Networks Carrier Networks Hofmannstrae 51, D-81359 Mnchen
This publication provides outline information only which (unless agreed by Company in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract to be regarded as a representation relating to the products or services concerned. The Company reserves the right to alter without notice the specification, design, price or conditions of supply of any product or service.
Copyright Siemens AG 2003 Title: Technical Description ADVA FSP 1500 R2.0 Issue 1.1 Date: Dec. 30, 2003 Author: D.Popescu, ICN CN SMT 2
Disclaimer:
This Technical Description is provided as a generic descriptive document only. It does not include any legally binding statements. The product features, and details thereof, discussed in this Technical Description may include those that prove to be temporarily or permanently unavailable.
Copyright Siemens AG 2003 Title: Technical Description ADVA FSP 1500 R2.0 Issue 1.1 Date: Dec. 30, 2003 Author: D.Popescu, ICN CN SMT 2
Contents:
1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Applications ................................................................................................................................ 4 1.2 Main Features............................................................................................................................. 7 System Architecture ......................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Fundamentals of FSP 1500........................................................................................................ 8 2.2 Service Signals........................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Line Signals .............................................................................................................................. 10 2.4 Timing / Synchronization Architecture...................................................................................... 10 2.5 Protection Architecture ............................................................................................................. 11 2.6 Power Supply ........................................................................................................................... 14 2.7 Fans.......................................................................................................................................... 14 Management and Control............................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Performance Monitoring ........................................................................................................... 15 3.3 Fault Detection ......................................................................................................................... 16 3.4 Test Loops................................................................................................................................ 16 Equipment Construction ................................................................................................................. 18 4.1 Mechanics ................................................................................................................................ 18 4.2 Environmental Conditions ........................................................................................................ 18 Interfaces........................................................................................................................................ 19 5.1 Service Interfaces..................................................................................................................... 20 5.2 Line Interfaces .......................................................................................................................... 21 5.3 Management Interfaces............................................................................................................ 21 5.4 Power Connections .................................................................................................................. 22 Abbreviations.................................................................................................................................. 23
Copyright Siemens AG 2003 Title: Technical Description ADVA FSP 1500 R2.0 Issue 1.1 Date: Dec. 30, 2003 Author: D.Popescu, ICN CN SMT 2
1 Introduction
Since its introduction to the telecommunication market, Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) has stood for advanced performance monitoring, detailed fault detection, fast protection switching, reliability and remote management. SDH was originally developed to transport efficiently Constant Bit Rate (CBR) services like voice. Todays telecom networks show a steep increase in data traffic, mainly driven by new services like intranet and internet. In addition there is the need to transport other data services like LAN interconnection, SAN extension etc. over distance. The ever-increasing demand for connections and bandwidth in data applications should be provided quickly and efficiently at lowest cost to customers, guaranteeing a high signal quality that can be sold with dedicated Service Level Agreements (SLA). Ideally the proven infrastructure of the SDH networks with established processes for operation should also be enhanced by the ability to transport data services in an efficient way. With the advent of the new Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) standardized by ITU-T in recommendation G.7041 and the mapping via Virtual Concatenation of different Virtual Containers only at the edges of the network there is now the possibility of transporting the data over a legacy infrastructure. FSP 1500 is a flexible Broadband Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) that completes the Siemens Next Generation SURPASS hiT 70 series family, supporting different data services like Gigabit Ethernet (GbE), Fibre Channel, and FICON. Metropolitan service providers deploying the carrier-class FSP 1500 are positioned to expand beyond traditional voicebased services with a very low-cost access solution that leverages their existing SDH/SONET network.
1.1
Applications
There are two main applications for the FSP 1500: direct point-to-point links and feeder links. Some application examples are described below: 1.1.1 Point-to-point connection over dark fiber
Several services shall be transported over dark fiber in the metro area connecting site A to e B. In Figure 1-1 a typical mix of the two broadband services GbE wire speed between the routers and Fibre Channel between the servers is shown.
Copyright Siemens AG 2003 Title: Technical Description ADVA FSP 1500 R2.0 Issue 1.1 Date: Dec. 30, 2003 Author: D.Popescu, ICN CN SMT 2
Customer Site A
GbE Router CPE FC Dark Fiber Connection
Customer Site B
GbE Router CPE FC
Server
Server
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CPE Solutions
The equipment at customer site B could also be a CPE from another vendor, as the signal format on the dark fiber is a standardized STM-16 signal. The standardized SDH signal format also provides a managed connection with detailed performance monitoring according to SDH standards.
1.1.2
Several services shall be transported over a legacy SDH network in the metro area connecting site A to site B for one service and site A to site C for the other service. The service mix in Figure 1-3 is two times Ethernet over GbE interfaces to connect the different routers. The use of the GbE intra office interface allows you to start with a low speed Ethernet connection in the beginning and to adapt to higher bandwidth needs without the need to exchange the interface hardware. Furthermore it is possible to provision the higher bandwidth for the customer in flexible increments of 1 Mbit/s.
Copyright Siemens AG 2003 Title: Technical Description ADVA FSP 1500 R2.0 Issue 1.1 Date: Dec. 30, 2003 Author: D.Popescu, ICN CN SMT 2
Customer Site B
GbE
Customer Site A
GbE Router GbE Router STM-16 CPE
STM-16 CPE
Router
Customer Site C
STM-16 GbE Router
CPE Solutions
1.1.3
The service provider has implemented a next generation SDH network with equipment that provides integrated switch and routing service. For the customer premise equipment an inexpensive but flexible solution to feed several services is required.
1.1.4
Instead of going directly to the SDH equipment at the carrier site, the signal could also travel across a Metro WDM network. Figure 1-4 shows a typical implementation where the FSP 1500 feeds different GbE services over a FSP 3000 metro WDM ring. The connections to the customer can be optionally protected by a 1+1 multiplex section protection (MSP).
Copyright Siemens AG 2003 Title: Technical Description ADVA FSP 1500 R2.0 Issue 1.1 Date: Dec. 30, 2003 Author: D.Popescu, ICN CN SMT 2
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CPE
Customer
GbE Router STM-16
Carrier PoP
CPE Solutions
1.2
Main Features
To summarize, the main features of the FSP 1500 are: Ultra compact broadband CPE for all high speed data applications (Ethernet and SAN) GbE, Fibre Channel and FICON local interfaces STM-16 remote interface 1+1 optional MSP line protection GFP-T and GFP-F mapping AC and DC power supply Compact design (1 RU high, fitting to 600mm x 300mm ETSI rack) SDH-DCC in-band management Performance monitoring Full integration into the Siemens TNMS management system
Copyright Siemens AG 2003 Title: Technical Description ADVA FSP 1500 R2.0 Issue 1.1 Date: Dec. 30, 2003 Author: D.Popescu, ICN CN SMT 2
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2 System Architecture
2.1 Fundamentals of FSP 1500
The FSP 1500 is an ultra-compact (height of one rack unit) state of the art unit that allows the transportation of a variety of client signals over a standardized, monitored STM-16 link. The key technologies of Generic Framing Procedure (GFP), Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) and Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) allows the use of the legacy SDH infrastructure and therefore the leveraging of the advantages of the installed base (costs, time, and OAM procedures) without the need for a new overlay network. 2.1.1 Generic Framing Procedure
Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) is standardized in ITU-T recommendation G.7041. It was developed to overcome deficiencies and inefficiencies in transporting data over constant bit rate signals like TDM networks. The standard allows two different modes: transparent mapping (GFP-T) and framed mapping (GFP-F). GFP-T provides low latency support for high-speed WAN applications including GbE and the Storage Area Network (SAN) protocols Fibre Channel (FC) and FICON. A fixed amount of client data is mapped into a GFP frame of pre-determined length, therefore also preserving the control information. According to the standards FC and FICON are mapped into 6 virtual concatenated VC-4 containers; GbE is mapped into 7 virtual concatenated VC-4 containers. In GFP-F a single client data frame is mapped into a single GFP frame. The handling on the frame level allows for adjustment of the committed client rate. This allows for example the connection of a client with a GbE interface and enables one to offer an Ethernet service that is remotely SW adjustable in incremental steps. Todays standardization is defined for GbE and 10/100bT. An example for the throttled bandwidth assignment is shown in Figure 2-1.
Traffic shaping with GFP-F and virtual concatenation
Fully leveraging the installed SDH network base by limiting VCAT functionality to the connection endpoint VC-4 VC-4
Virtual Concatenation
Copyright Siemens AG 2003 Title: Technical Description ADVA FSP 1500 R2.0 Issue 1.1 Date: Dec. 30, 2003 Author: D.Popescu, ICN CN SMT 2
FSP 1500 supports virtual concatenation (VCAT) for the VC-4 and VC-3 layer. Virtual concatenation is a method of creating a larger virtual concatenation group (VCG) composed e.g. of an arbitrary number of VC-4 payloads. Unlike with conventional (contiguous) concatenated payloads such as VC-4-4c or VC-4-16c, the intermediate SDH network elements in a potential network path dont need to be aware of the virtual concatenation. The members of a virtually concatenated payload may traverse separate network paths between the end nodes of an SDH network. Only the FSP 1500 at the ends of the path handle the virtual concatenation. Therefore the legacy SDH network needs no upgrade or special routing that avoids network elements without the contiguous concatenation feature. VCAT delivers the right-sized pipes for the different data signals. The VCG is treated as a group of independent VCs, which means that each VC can exploit any available time slot across an end-to-end path and the VCG is reformed at the other end. 2.1.3 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)
LCAS is a tool to provide operators with greater flexibility in provisioning virtual concatenation groups. Channels can be individually resized in service without traffic interruption. To provision hitless more bandwidth over a SDH link with virtual concatenation, LCAS can add or remove members (e.g. VC-4s) of a virtual concatenation group. In addition, connectivity checks are performed and failed links are automatically removed and added again when they are restored. This mechanism also enables the possibility to provide a reduced bandwidth service in case a member of the VCAT group fails (example: VC-4s of a VCAT group taking different paths in a SDH network and one path is failing).
2.2
Service Signals
FSP 1500 supports two optical high-speed data service ports. These can be individually configured, via management, to GbE, FC or FICON. While FC/FICON is always mapped via GFP-T, GbE can (individually for each port) be configured for GFP-T or GFP-F. 2.2.1 Gigabit Ethernet
Transport of scalable bandwidth GbE services uses the framed version of the GFP standard, the GFP-F, mapped into a configurable number of VC-4's (1 to 7). The bandwidth shaping is handled using a flow control mechanism based on policing of the incoming Ethernet frame rate and local feedback of Ethernet PAUSE frames when the actual traffic rate exceeds the committed traffic rate. The traffic rate can be set in steps of 1Mbit/s. For the transport of full rate GbE with lowest latency the transparent version of the GFP standard (GFP-T), maps the signal into 7 VC-4 s. For details on the interface, please refer to chapter 5.1.1 on page 20. 2.2.2 Fibre Channel
Transport of full rate 1G FC uses the transparent version of the GFP standard, mapped into 6 VC-4s. For details on the interface, please refer to chapter 5.1.2 on page 20.
Copyright Siemens AG 2003 Title: Technical Description ADVA FSP 1500 R2.0 Issue 1.1 Date: Dec. 30, 2003 Author: D.Popescu, ICN CN SMT 2
Transport of full rate FICON uses the transparent version of the GFP standard, the GFP-T, mapped into 6 VC-4's. For details on the interface, please refer to chapter 5.1.2 on page 20.
2.3
Line Signals
The SDH signal is a standardized STM-16 signal in accordance with ITU-T G.707 and G.783. This allows a plug-and-play inter-working with the existing SDH infrastructure. The line signal can optionally be protected by a 1+1 Multiplex Section Protection (MSP). FSP 1500 gives a high degree of flexibility regarding the type of optical interface characteristics. This is achieved using pluggable optical SFP modules for the line interfaces. For details on the interface, please refer to chapter 5.2 on page 21. 2.3.1 Automatic Laser Shutdown (ALS)
To eliminate any danger to personnel due to laser light emitted from an interrupted link (e.g. a fibre break), FSP 1500 supports the automatic laser shutdown (ALS) feature. The ALS mechanism automatically switches off the laser source of the faulty line section according to ITU-T Rec. G.664 and according to the safety regulations as per IEC standard 825.
2.4
The FSP 1500, operating in point-to-point applications or as feeder to SDH networks, doesnt need an external synchronization signal. When FSP 1500 operates point-to-point on a dedicated fiber both ends are set to internal timing, to avoid a timing loop. This applies both for unprotected and protected systems. The clock reference of the internal oscillator with an accuracy of 20ppm is used for that purpose. When FSP 1500 operates as a feeder to an SDH network, the outgoing STM-16 line signal timing is locked to the incoming STM-16 line signal timing, to follow the rules of SDH network synchronization. The quality of the outgoing STM-16 line will then be the same as the quality of the incoming STM-16 line from the SDH network, normally better than 4.6ppm.
Copyright Siemens AG 2003 Title: Technical Description ADVA FSP 1500 R2.0 Issue 1.1 Date: Dec. 30, 2003 Author: D.Popescu, ICN CN SMT 2
Protection Architecture
Client Equipment Protection
In client equipment protection the client handles the switching. The two client signals are connected to separate FSP 1500 (ref. Figure 2-2) and these two paths are routed in the SDH network via different paths, ensuring that a failure in the network only affects one of the paths. No switching is done in FSP 1500 or in the edge/transport network.
Client
STM-16 signal
Line B
CPE Solutions
Figure 2-2
2.5.2
Line Protection
FSP 1500 supports optionally 1+1 Line Protection as defined in ITU-T G.841/6.7 "Linear multiplex section protection switching" (SDH trail protection architecture): At the transmitter the STM-16 signal is permanently bridged to both outputs while at the receiver, based on local status information and management requests, one of the two incoming STM-16 signals is selected as working. The FSP 1500 supports unidirectional and bi-directional operation. The protection architecture is implemented within the single-unit (1U) chassis of the protected FSP 1500, ref. Figure 2-3, similar to the unprotected unit but with two STM-16 line ports.
Copyright Siemens AG 2003 Title: Technical Description ADVA FSP 1500 R2.0 Issue 1.1 Date: Dec. 30, 2003 Author: D.Popescu, ICN CN SMT 2
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Client
STM-16 signal
Line B
CPE Solutions
Figure 2-3
The operation mode is non-revertive. Fast switching times <50ms are guaranteed. Forced switch commands via the management system are also possible for manual intervention (e.g. planned maintenance actions). The FSP 1500 is available in two versions: the unprotected version, with one line interface for applications without protection (see also Figure 2-4) the protected version, with two line interfaces for applications with protection (see also Figure 2-5). It is possible to use the 1+1 protected version of FSP 1500 as unprotected. This is done by disabling the protection switching and forcing the traffic to use port A or port B.
Copyright Siemens AG 2003 Title: Technical Description ADVA FSP 1500 R2.0 Issue 1.1 Date: Dec. 30, 2003 Author: D.Popescu, ICN CN SMT 2
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Client interface
Line interface
FSP 1500