Visual Basic Sinhala

G.C.E.
(O/L) IT Teacher Instructional Manual

National Institute of Education- 2008

1
Information and Communication Technology
Grade 11
2008
Si nhal a Versi on
of
Group Expl orati on Instructi ons & Qual i ty Inputs

Department of Information Communication Technology
National Institute of Education
Sri Lanka

G.C.E.(O/L) IT Teacher Instructional Manual


2

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c.cc. II .co.` .cc c:c:.co Oo. cc c:c c:Do cc cocccc c.:c:ccS cc:
cco. _c: .o c.Dco _c.c ccc: cc c.DS c.c_ cco.c cccc cc: c.c_ c:
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c.:c_. c:cccc cc.co .:O. c.co _:.co cc..:c. cc. cco ccc_ .S ccc
c.c c.cc.o:cOc ccc c: ..:co: ccc :c.co c.S_ _co.. ..:O cco.o oS .OO
cc: O:c.c:c. c c.cc.. co:cOcc:c. c o:.DO cc:_ cO ccc c: ..:co:
_c..:c cc cc c:c cc c:c:occ ocO.

email: ampekanthi@yahoo.com or
sjayawardene@hotmail.com



3
A B
C D

c:OoO I0.I.I
co.:.S c.Dco. cc: _c.c
c:._ DcO cc: c.co c.cc cO.c .c:. ocO.
c c._ .o: co.:.S 4 c. .c..
c.c c.Dco. cc: cc ._c ccco _ ccc c:c..o c_ ...oo.
o cc...c.c Ot _co .cDO.

o cc..c.c _co c_ c:O:o.. .cDO.

o c+c.c:o:c.c c c: c_ c:c D. cc cccc_. .cDO.

o ccc. cc c.co .c:c c.c.:c c:c D. cc .c:c c.c.:c .cDO.

c. ccco _ c:.tc .c:o c...o. ccoo.
cc c::o (inputs), c.:c_. (Process) c: cc:o. (Output) c_o:coo.
c:.tc DcO cc: c.cc c.c_o (Algorithm) _.: ccoo.
c co.:..S c.:c:ccO ccc ocO:o:cOc cc cOc cc: c:oS coo.

c:OoO I0.I.2
Table-1

AB =18cm, AC=7cm
Figure-1
Table-2

c:OoO I0.I.8
c.DS c.
Serial
No
NAME Biology Chemistry Physics
001 Amal 25 36 46
002 Bimal 59 66 69
003 Chamal 45 98 65
003 Dinithi 63 74 41
004 Erosha 89 65 23
List of Books supplied
Number of students Number of Physics practical books
45 31


4
c:_.c:cO.c (Algorithm) .o cOc
Algorithm .o c:.tcc DcO cc: cocOo. cco cO.D. coc.c_o _.: cDO..
c:.tcc Dc.S c.c
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o ccoc cO._c. c.:cOc cc c:_O

c:.tc Dc._co. cO
c:.tc Dc._co. c.S c::o_ cc:o cc c.:c_. c:o cc.c:. cc cc .c..
c:.tc cc: Algorithm .c:. o:cO
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c:_.c:cO. .c:.o:cO c:cO. c:c:c..o (Graphically) .c: _7c c:c:c..o (Textually) cD.
c:c.
cO._c. _DO
c:_.c:cO. ccoc c:c:cc c:.:c..o _.: cDO .Oc c_ cc.. .O. Coding .o.co
c_oco _c..

cO._c. c.:cOccc c:_O
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oc:c cco _:.S. .O. debugging ._c c_oc..

_:cco I: c.c.: 8c ccc cO
c::o (Inputs) : cO c.c.:c_ .co c.c.:c_ .cco c.c.:c
c.:c_. (Process) : cccc cO c.c.:c .co c.c.:c .cco c.c.:c
cc:o. (Output) : cccc

Algorithm :
Enter the first number
Enter the second number
Enter the third number
Total = First number + Second number + Third number
Display the total

_:cco 2c c.c.: 8c c:O:o.. cc. .cDO
c::o (Inputs) : cO c.c.:c_ .co c.c.:c_ .cco c.c.:c


5
c.:c_. (Process) : c:O:o.. =(cO c.c.:c .co c.c.:c
.cco c.c.:cc8
cc:o. (Output) : c:O:o..

Algorithm :
Enter the first number
Enter the second number
Enter the third number
Average = (First number + Second number + Third number) / 3
Display the average



6
c:OoO I0.2.I

c:_.c:cO (Algorithm) oc:co. cc: c:Dc c c:c DD. .Oc_O (tools) .co coO.
c c.t .o: co.:.S 4c. .c..
ccc c:c..o.co ccc cc ._c c. c:c.co c:c.
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c:c:_ cc.c:..c _c: c:oO cc: c. ccco _ c:.tc .c:o c.coo.
.S co.:.O. ccco _ c:c.. ccc co.:..S c.oc c. cOc c:cDc: ccoo.
cc c::o (Input) cc:o (Output) cc c.:c (Process) c_o: coo.
c. cc.: c:c O. c.:cc_ c:_S c.co (Flow Chart) cc c.:c.cc (Pseudo Codes)
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coo.



7

c:OoO I0.2.2
c.DS c.
c:_S c.co (Flow Chart)

cO._c.c c.:c:cc. coc_.c_ o c.co c:cO. oc:co. c:_S c.coc ._c c:o.D. c:_S
c.co cc c_:.o c:c:c.c cc: .S .S c.:c:ccS c_. c:co. co c:c:c.c .cooS cc..
c:_S c.co c:O cc: c:Dc: cco c..cc.

c::occ:o
c:cSc.ccc:o. c.:c_.

Flow Line
cc c_:.:O

Decision cOco.c

c co .c:.c

1. c.c.: 2c cccc _c: c:oO cc: c:_S c.co

.OO oc:co. c:_S c.coc oS .D.

Process
Input/Output
Start/Stop
Add two numbers
Input two Numbers
Print total value
Start
Stop
Connector


8
c.:c .cc (Pseudo Codes)
ccoc cO ._c.c .c: cO._c c:.c.c cc cD.c c c c.c. .coc. cc_ cO.co cDO c..:
.c:D ._c c:o.D.
.O. ccoc cO._cc.c .o:co .c.oc. (Non Preprogrammer) cc .cc:S cc c:c c:c:c..
cc_ cco cco _:.S.
c.c.: .cc cccc _c: c:oO cc: c.:c .cc. (Pseudo Code)

c:cSc. (Begin)
cO c.c.c c: .co c.c.:c c:c_c ccoo.
cccc = I c.c.:c + 2 c.c.:c
cccc cc:o. ccoo.
ccc:o. (End)



9

c:OoO I0.8.I

c co.:.S 4c. .c.. cc cc co.:.O. cc._c c:c c.:c:ccS cocOo. ccoo
o c_O ccScc:.D ccoc c:c: cc D.cc _cco .c: .cocDS .c:.oo.
o .co ccScc:.D ccoc c:c: cc D.cc _cco .c: .cocDS .c:.oo.
o coco ccScc:.D ccoc c:c: cc D.cc _cco .c: .cocDS .c:.oo.
o cccco ccScc:.D ccoc c:c: cc D.cc _cco .c: .cocDS .c:.oo.

c.DS c. ccc: c:_ ccoc c:c: ccScc:c_ _cco c: .cocDS c_o:coo.
c .c:.:cc . ocO:o:cOc cc cOc cc: c:oS ccoo.



10
c:OoO I0.8.2

c.DS c.
cO._co.c .o ccoc.. .S c:c..c cO cc: _c:.o D.:o cc _c.c O:_:cc ccccc.
cO._co c:c:cc (Programming Language).o ccoc.. cco D.:o _c:O. ccc cc c:c
O:...c. cc cc c+c:cc. c:_ oc O:_:cc cc _c.c cOc.c c:c.

ccoc c:c:c_ co:O.
I. c_O ccScc:.D ccoc c:c: (Machine Language)
2. .co ccScc:.D ccoc c:c: (Assembly Language)
8. coco ccScc:.D ccoc c:c: (High Level Language)
4. cccco ccScc:.D ccoc c:c: (Artificial Language)
I c_O ccScc:.D ccoc c:c: (Machine Language)
c:. c.co _.o _. 0 c: I c:Dc: cc Machine Code c.co.
cc:Do, D.:o c:c_c ccO c: c.cco c:c..c D.
.oc. Oc .:.co c:c:cc`
cO._cc.: Dco ccoc.. +.:.c (Hardware) c_cc occ.c.D.
ccccc O+_c:.c.c ccc. .o:D..
c:.c.co c.:cOc DO .Dccc..
2 .co ccScc:.D ccoc c:c: (Assembly Language)
D.:o cO. Machine Language cc. c:.cccc cc_..
D.:o coo:cc .coc. c..cc c:Dc: cO oc: c..cc c:c: ._c c_oco _:.S.
Assembler oSc cD.cc c:c: ccccc.c, c..cc:cOc c:c:c .:occ c:c:c cc.
cccco. cO cc: ..::coo: _.
c. .oc. Oc .:.co c:c:cc.
.O. c_O ccScc:c. c.: c.:cOc co .Dc. c.D..
8 coco ccScc:.D ccoc c:c: (High Level Language)
ccoc cO._co. c.S c:c:c c.ccocc. c. Ococ: .c .Oc c:Dc: c_ cco cc
c..cc cc_ c: ._.cc cc: DO..
.Sc:. Procedural c:c: .:. ccc:c.
_: :- FORTRAN, COBOL, PASCAL, C
c:c c_o: c:o.S coD. .o _co ccc cO ._c. ccc: cO ccc.D.
.oc Oc .:.cooc .o:D..
cO ._cc.c cco cO ccc.D.
ccccc O+_c:.c.c ccc. D..



11

4 cccco ccScc:.D ccoc c:c: (Artificial Language)
cco c:oO cc: ccoc O:.. Oco ocO:o. cO. c:Dc: cc..
ccoc c_. oco c:Dc: cco c:c: .cc:S c:oO. cccco O+_c:.c ocO:o. cO.
c:Dc:.D.
c.:c cc_c c:Dc: cco c:c: .cc co.o LISP cc Prolog ..
.c:.c: .oc c_ .:.S _c.ccc c_ ccc:c cDO cc: c:.c.co ocO:o. cO. c:Dc:
cc..
ccoc c:c: ccccc O+_c:.c (Programing Language Translators)
ccoc c:c:co Oco ccccco _ cO._c.c (Computer Program) ccoc.o Oco c.:
ccDO. oS c. .:occ c:c:c. (Machine Language) cccco. c_ .c .D. c cc: ccoc
c:c: ccccc O+_c:.c c:Dc: cc.. ccoc cO ._c.. O_ c.cc Source Program ._cc
.:occ c:c:c. cccco. c_ c.cc Object Program ._cc c_oco _c.. ccoc c:c:
cccco O+_c:.c ccc 8c c:c.
Interpreter - O_c cO._c.. c:c .c _..o .c _. .:occ c:c:c.
c:cDO .S Oco c_.c.c.
Compiler - O_c cO._co.. c:c cScco cocccc. cccc .:occ
c:c:c. c:cDO .S Oco c_.c.c.
Assembler - Assembly c:c:.co _.o _ c:. .:occ c:c:c. c:cDO .O.o c_ .c.c.
Any high-level language can either be interpreted or compiled

Assembly language program is translated in to machine code using an assembler.

Translato
Source Program
Compiler Interpreter
Begin
Input hw * hr
Sal=hw*hr
Display Sal
001101 100000
001001
101110001
00101 10001
111001111001
Assembler
Object program Assembly language program
MOV r0, #0C ;
LOAD: MOV
r1,(r0) ;
CALL PRINT ;
INC r0 ;
JMP LOAD ;
0111101 10001
111001
10001
011101 10001
111001111001
0101 000100
10111


12

Annexe 10.3.3

A Table

Language
Generation

Special features or changes.

Languages

..

1...

2...
.
3...

4

5

..



13

c:OoO I0.4.I

Visual Basic Integrated Development Environment

Title Bar
Menu Bar
Tool Bar
Form Window
Project Explorer
Label
Command Button
Properties Window Form Layout Window
Tool Box


14
c:OoO I0.4.2

.c:c:cc +c. c:. c.co c:c:cc. c:_ ccc: Oco (IDE) .c:o cc:cc coO.
c co.:.S cccc. .c: c:c. cc cc co.:.Oc. ccc c:c..o cc ._c ccc: c:c
ccc c:c _c.c coc c.:c:cc.Oc ...oo.
o Visual Basic c:. c.co Dc+ccc c:. c.co cSc:c Oco.c (Design Window)
_cco c.Dco. ccoo.
o Dcc_ .Scc c:. c.co Dc+c cc Tool Box c.cc _cco c.Dco. ccoo.
o Dcc_ .Scc c:. c.co Dc+c cc Project Explorer Window c.cc _cco
c.Dco. ccoo.
o Dcc_ .Scc c:. c.co Dc+c cc Properties Explorer Window c.cc _cco
c.Dco. ccoo.
o Dcc_ .Scc c:. c.co Dc+c cc Form Layout Window c.cc _cco c.Dco.
ccoo.
o Dcc_ .Scc c:. c.co Dc+c cc Code Window c.cc _cco c.Dco. ccoo.

Dcc_ .Scc c:. c.co Dc+c cO.
o Windows Tool Bar c.cc Start cco. Oc Click ccoo.
o Programs cco.. Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 click ccoo.
o _c. Standard.EXE c.co. (Icon) .c:c: Open, click ccoo.
o c. ccco _ c:c... c:_ .c:.c .c:.: coo.
o c.. c:_ Dc+c cO, c:cO c:o c.:c:ccS c_ ...oo.
o c .c:.:cc .c_ ccco c:c.. ocO:o:cOcc cc cO. c:oS coo.



15

c:OoO I0.4.8
c.DS c.
Dcc_ .Scc .o cOc
Visual Basic .o Do..:c cc: c:Dc: c_ c:c co.S c:. c.co ocO:o. cO cc: c:Dc: c_
c:c .Oc_Oc (tool). .O. ccc .co ccoc c:.c.co ocO:o. cO cc: ..::cc c:c
ccoc c:c:cc.
Dcc_ .Scc c:cSc cO.
o Windows Tool Bar c Start cco. Oc Click ccoo.
o Programs cco.. Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 .oo .c:c: c Oc click ccoo.
o c_c. Standard.EXE c.co. .c:c: Open or Ok Click ccoo.

Dcc_ .Scc IDE c:. c.co cSc:c Ococ` I0.4.I`
cO.coO Dcc_ .Scc IDE c c:. c.co cSc:c Ococ` co. _:.co DD. .c:.c cc: c.c
..:O.
ccc c.co c:c c.c.oc IDE cc. c:_ c:cc .c:.c oS cc c:c.

The Toolbox
c:.c.co c:_cO cco cccc:.c Form cc. controls c:c_c ccO. tool box cc ..:: c:.o.

1
2
3
5
4
6
1. Form Design Window 4. Project Explorer Window
2. Tool Box 5. Form Layout Window
3. Properties Window 6. Code Window
4. Form Design Window 4. Project Explorer Window
5. Tool Box 5. Form Layout Window
6. Properties Window 6. Code Window


16

Properties Window
Properties Window c .c:c:cc Object cc. c:_
Properties .coc.. cO Properties c:cScc
cccc:.D (Development Stage) ccc. c ccc
cO c:c.. Properties Window _. .c_c.c
c:c Drop Down .c:c: c:c Form cc. ..:: c:c
Objects .coc.. cO .c:..D cco. co Object
cc. c:_ Properties Window c ccco _:.cc
cc cc c:c ccc cc: .coc cO. c:c..

Form Layout Window
c.c c:. c.co ccc Form cc .O:o.c. Oc Dc+c co cc:o.
.coc.. ccc. oS .O. Occ c:Dc..o .coc c_ c:c.

Pointer
Label
Frame
Check Box
Combo Box
Horizontal Scroll Bar
Timer
Directory List Box
Shapes
Image Box
Object Linking
Picture Box
Text Box
Command Button
Option Button
List Box
Vertical Scroll Bar
Drive List Box
File List Box
Lines
Data Tool


17
View Code
View Object Toggle folder

The Project Window
c.c c:. c.co. c:_ .O:._ c: Forms _:.cccc .coc..

Code Window
Dcc_ .Scc .cc (Codes) _DO. c:c cc:o.. Object ccc Oc Double click c.So cO Window
cc _c: cc c:c.
Project Explorer Window
Project Explorer
c.:c+cc_ _:.cc c: cc:.. c..c : ccco. cc..
Window Elements
Code window cc cco. .D. o c. .c:c:cc
c.cO c: cSco. _DO. c: c.ccco. cO. c_co.

Object window cc cco. .D. .c:c: cc item cc. c:_c objects .coc..

Toggle Folders

co co items .coco ccc c c c:c object folders .coDO, c:cO c cc.

List window
:o. Dc+cc c:c Project cc cc: c c:c items ( form , modules, classes, Class Modules, user
controls etc) .coc.



18

Run
End
Project Explorer
Tool Box
Properties Window


19
c:OoO I0..I

Control c_ _cco(Properties) ccc. c ccc ccO.

c co.:.S cccc. .c: cc co.:.Oc. I0..2 c:Oo.Oc c cc ._c ccco _
c.:c:cc.Oc ...oo.

1 Lable ccc cc Command Button ccc form cc. c:c_c .c:. cOco ccc. coc c:_
_cco ccc ccoo.
2 Text Box ccc cc Command Button ccc form cc. c:c_c .c:. .co ccc. coc c:_
_cco ccc ccoo.
3 Text Box ccc cc Label ccc form cc. c:c_c .c:. coco ccc. coc c:_ _cco ccc
ccoo.
4 Form cc. Text Box ccc c:c_c .c:. cccco cc.D c.co c:c:c.. c:_ _cco ccc
ccoo.

_c.c

cco c:c c.c.o (fig - 1) c:c:c.. form cc Oc c:_ Controls c:c_c ccoo.
.c:c:cc Control cc. c:_ _cco (Properties) .c:o occoo.
c. ccc: c:c ccc. coc c:_ _cco .coc ccoo.
c ocO:o. c interface cc ocO:o:cOc ._c cc cO. c:oS coo.



20
c:OoO - I0..2

1.

2.

3.

4.

Properties
Label
Text box Command
Name LblName TxtName CmdExit
Caption Enter Your Name - Exit
Background Color Blue Blue -
Font Color Red Red -
Font Type, Style, and Size Arial, Bold, 12 Arial, Bold, 12 Arial, Bold, 14
Properties Label Text box Command
Name LblNumber TxtNumber CmdDelete
Caption Enter Number - Delete
Background Color Black Black -
Font Color White White -
Font Type, Style, and Size Impact, Bold, 14 Impact, Bold, 14 Arial, Bold, 16
Name LblPassword TxtPassword CmdOK
Caption Enter Password - OK
Background Color Green Greeen -
Font Color Red Red -
Font Type, Style, and Size Courier, Bold, 12 Courier, Bold, 12 Courier, Bold, 15
Name LblAddress TxtAddress CmdClear
Caption Enter Address - Clear
Background Color Magenta Magenta -
Font Color Yellow Yellow -
Font Type, Style, and
Size
MS Serif, Bold,
12
MS Serif, Bold, 12 MS Serif, Bold, 14


21

c:OoO - I0..8
c.DS c.
Visual Basic Project ccc .c:. o:c.S c.cc.o

Visual Basic Project ccc .c:. o:c.S O_c c.c coc.
1) Form cc Oc Controls c:c_c cO c:O`
2) Controls c_. _cco (Properties) ..O ccc. c _cco Properties) .coc cO`
3) Controls cc: event procedures _DO (Coding)
Visual Basic cO ._c. c cc_c ..::co _co Controls
Label Control
Text Box Control
Command Button Control
VB c_ Controls oS c.S .c:_ oc c
oO co cco.c D. .c. - No Spaces allowed
ccc: _ccS .c: Underscore ( _ ) c:o cc Characters ccc cOoc ..:: cc c:c..
cc (.) c: co (-) _co c:o .coc Characters ..::cc .o:c:c.
ccO Project cc c_ Forms .cc ccO oo c7. .o:c:c ccc Form ccc c_ ccO oo
Controls .cc c7. .o:c:c..
Controls oS c.S cSc:..o cc oc c c_. coc_ co c Controls cc: So:O
oOc ... c:c cc cO._c.c _D.S c_o: c:o.S cccc cc: c cc: D.cc
cSc:..o ..:: c:.o.
c:O:o...o Controls c.cc ...o c:O:o. o.Oc ccc: coc cOc cO Control c.cc
c:c.. c: cSco. cco.c oO cc..o ..:: c:.o.
_::-
Control c.c oO Prefix c:c.. O_ oO
o Label lbl caption lblcaption
o Text Box txt name1 txtname1
o Command Button cmd cancel cmdcancel
o Check Box chk sex chksex
o Option Button opt subject optsubject
o List Box lst topics lsttopics
o Combo Box cmb grade cmbgrade
o Timer tmr interval tmrinterval



22
Form Control cc
Visual Basic Project ccc ocO:o. c.S O_c ccc. Form cc .D. Form cc. c:_ c:cc
Properties cc Events cc.c c_c: c_O.
oc Project ccc stander.exe .o.co c:cSc c_ D. O_oO cc. _:.co.o cc Form ccc.

Form Properties
c.occ c._O Control c_. .OoO Form cc. 40c. c: _cco (Properties) c.c.:cc c:c. o
cOccc cc. occO c:cc co ccc cOccc occ .coc cO. ccc. o:c. cc c:cc _cco
(Properties) .cc cc c_c: c_O.

_cco (Property) Dccc.
Name Form cc c_o: c:oO. c:cc .D. cOc .c:cO..
c.:c:cc. c:_ oOc . .c..

Caption Form c.c Title Bar c.c cco. co O:c+c:c.
Ex:- My Bio Data Sheet

Form ccc. Controls ..O
Tool Box Window cc Oco ccc. Controls Form cc Oc. ... c:c.. Form cc Oc.
Controls ...S cO .cc.

1) cc.c Control cc Oc double-click c.Oo c:_ control cc form c.c O:. c:c_c .D. .OO
control cc. o.c cO:o.c c:c. o:cc o:cc double-click c.Oo cc Oc cc co.c
Controls form cc Oc ... c:c.. ccc .Oc: ccc. c:oc. Occ c:Dc..o .co.: c:c..

2) ccc. Control ccOc click cc mouse, form cc Oc. .co ccc. cO:o.. c:.Oo (drag)
ccc. cO:o.. Control ccc c: cc c:c.. o:cc Control ccc c:O. o:ccc c:_ Control
cc Oc click cc form c.c ccc. c:o ccc. cO:o..o mouse drag c_ .c..

.O.c Controls ...S c.. c:.Doc oOc cc..c.c .... command1, command2 c:
cc..o` ccc ccc. oS .OO oO, c_o:cc c:c c .coc c_ c:c.. c.cO Caption Property
cc cc..c.c .... c. ccc. c .coc cc cc c:c..


23

Label Control
c:Dc ccoo:. .coc c .o:c:c .c:ccc: c:. c.co c_ cco. cO. Label Control ..:: cc
c:c.. ccoc c:. c.co c_ c.occ Control cc: O:c+c: ...S cc c:.c.co c.:cOc
c.S _:.co ccc_ ccco. cO c:o c..c cc: .OO Control cc ..:: co _:.S.
Tool Box ccc_ Label Control co. _:.co c:c:c.

Form cc c_. c:c_c cco _ Label ccc

Label Control c.c c..:cocc Properties

Property Dccc.

oO (Name) Label cc c_o:c:oO. cc.cc.. Ex:- lblcaption
Caption Label cc Oc cco. co cco. c:c..
Font Caption c.c ccc:c_ cO:o., ccc., ccc: c:c:c.
(Bold, Italic) c:. ccc cc..
Alignment Form c.c cO., co., O:. c: .cc.O cO:oc
Caption cc c_.o cc..
Foreclor Caption c.c ccc: c_ c:c:. oco. cc..
Back Color Label c.c cc7.S c:c:. oco. cc..

Text Box Control
c:. c.co c.:cOc co cccc:.D cc c:c_c cO cc: Text Box Control c.:o cc..o ..::
c:.o.
Tool Box cc c_ Form cc Oc cco. co c:c:c.



24
Text Box Control ccc c:c c..:cocc Properties

Property Dccc.

oO (Name) Text Box cc c_o: c:oO. cc.cc..
Eg:- txtname
Text Text Box cc Oc cco. co cco.c:c..
Font Text c.c ccc:c_ cO:o., ccc. c: c:c:c. (Bold,
Italic etc) c: . oco. cc..
Alignment Text Box cc c_ Text c.c ccO cO, co, O:,
.cc.O cOc c: cc..o`
Max length Text Box cc Oc _D. c:c _cO ccc:_ccS
c.c.:c. .O. 0 oS cO: cccc _D. c:c.
Forecolor Text Box cc Oc ccc:c_ c:c:. oco. cc..
Back Color Text Box c.c cc7.S c:c:. oco. cc..

Command Button Control
Visual Basic c_ cc_c c:Dc: co Control cc Command Button cc.D. c:. c.co c_ .Oc
c.:cOc ccDO. Dc+c cO. .c: c:cO. c:o c:c..o cc: Command Button cc Oc Click
cO ..:: co.
Tool Box c.c Form cc c_ .coO

Caption - Command Button cc Oc cco. co cco.c:c..

Property Dccc.

oO (Name) Command Button cc c_o: c:oO. cc.cc..
_: :- cmdcancel
Caption Command Button cc Oc cco. co
cco. .c: c:c.. .c:.c _: Cancel



25
c:OoO - I0..4

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Properties
Label
Command
Name lblName cmdExit
Caption Enter Your Name Exit
Background Color yellow -
Font Color Red -
Font Type, Style, and Size Arial, Bold, 12 Arial, Bold, 14
Properties Text box Command
Name txtNumber cmdOk
Caption - Ok
Back Color Light blue Yellow
Fore color Dark Blue -
style - Graphical
Font Impact, Bold, 14 Arial, Bold, 16
Properties Label Text box
Name lblPassword txtPassword
Caption Enter Password -
Back Color Green Pink
Font Color Red Black
Font Type, Style, and Size Comic, Bold, 12 Courier, Bold, 12
Properties Text box Form
Name txtAddress cmdMyfirst
Caption - My First Program
Back Color Magenta White
Fore color Yellow -
Font Type, Style, and Size MS Serif, Bold, 12 MS Serif, Bold, 14


26

c:OoO I0.0.I

cc c:_.c:cO.c, ccoc cO ._c.c cc. cccco. ccO.

cc _c.c c_. coc cO ._c.c _.oo.
.S coc. co.:.S 4c. .coo. cc cc co.:.Oc. ccc cco O:c+c: c:._` cco cc
c:._cc c:co cc ._c _:.co c:c.
c co.:.O. _:co c:._c DcO cc: c:_.c:cO.c c:Dc: cc ccoc c:.c.coc
_.oo.

c:._
I c.c.: 2c _c: cO c.c.: ..cc .coc .c:.oo.
2 c.c.: 2c _c: cO c.c.: ..cc coc. .c:.oo.
8 cc c.c.:cc cc.` cc c.c.:cco _S.` .c_ D. _:.co _ccc. .c:.oo. _S. 0 .o:co
D.`
4 c.c.: 8c cccc .c:.oo.

c. _:co c:._c DcO cc: Dcc_ .Scc c:Dc: cc c_c ccc: Ococc ccc ccoo.
cO ._c. c.:cOc cc occ.c:c. cccoo.
c .c:.:cc .c_ ccc:o c:c.. ocO:o:cOcc cc cO. c:oS coo.
.c:oc (file) cc Project c_c cc:o.c Save ccoo.



27
c:OoO I0.0.2
cc _c.c
ccc: Ococ (Interface) ccc cO cc .cc(Code) _DO.
Start Programs Microsoft Visual Studio Visual basic 6 Standard Exe
Op en
Form cc Oc. Label co..:_ c, Text Box co..:_ 2c cc Command Button ccc .co c:c..
c ccc ccoo.

c:c.. c Caption Properties .coc ccoo.
Text Box 2, label I cc Command I c Name Properties ccc c .coc ccoo.

Text1 txtfirst
Text2 txtsecond
La ble1 lblan s
Command cmdadd

Text Box 2 c Text property c c:c Oc: Ooo.
Label 1 c Caption Property cc Oc: Ooo.
Command Button c.c Caption Property Oc +_co ..:oo.
c:O co..:_.cO Font Size ccc:c_ Dc:_cc.` c: ccoo.
Command1 (Cmdadd) Oc Double click ccoo.
c. o Code editor window cc cco c:c.
Command Button c.cc click .coD cc cc: c:_ .cc. (code) _ .oo.



28

Run Start
c_Oco c.c.:c c_Oco Text Box cc. c:c_c ccoo.
c_c c.c.:c .co Text Box cc. c:c_c ccoo.
Command Button cc Oc click ccoo.
._c_. Oc _:.co c_cc ccc: cc c_oo.



29
c:OoO I0..I
1) ccc cScco ccoo.
2) X c cc. .cocco D. Y c cc. occo. ccoo.

c:OoO I0..2

Dc_..o cc o.c.o cc: cc ccc (Data Types) c:Dc: ccO.

Dc_..o (Variables) cc o.c.o (Constants) c:o cc.c:..c _c: c:oO. c.DS c.
.c:o c.coo.

c:OoO I0..8 c c:c cc _:.c cc cc ccc (Data Types) coc ccc cc ccoo.

c c.t .o: co.:.S cccc. .c..

c.c c.Dco. cc: cc ._c ccco _ ccc cco c:c..o c_ ...oo.

o cc.c:o:c.c c cc c_ c:c D. cc cccc_. .cDO.

o cOocco _c c: ccco c:_. c:c D. c:co.c .Dc. .cDO.

o c+cc.c cc. .o _co D. cc cccc_. .cDO.

o c.c cO oO cc ccc:o oO .co .coc .o _co D. c.c cScco oO cco.
cO.

c. ccco _ c:.tc .c:o c...o. ccoo.

c:OoO I0..4 . coc .S c:c... c: Interface ocO:o. ccoo.

.S c:c... c:_ Dc_..o c: o.c.o c_oc:.o (Declaring) .cc. (Code) _.:
ccoo.

c.c .coS cc:cS Oc coS c ocO:o:cOc co.:.S cc cOc cc: c:oS
coo.

X
1 2 3 4 5
+3 +3 +3 +3 +3 +3
Y=X+3


30

c:OoO I0..8
ccc c:c:c.. c.c c:._c. coc ccc: Ococ c:_cO ccoo

c:OoO 10.7.4

Data Types list
o 125
o 2346%
o 2345678
o 34568902334555
o 3/4/2005
o 3455568889904433221
o Rs235.00
o 345
o Rs456.00
o Palitha
o Kalutara
o 2/5/1980
o 266123.45



31
c:OoO I0..
c.DS c.
Dc_..c (variable) .o cOc
cccoc.. Occ cc.:.D cc cc.: c c:c ocDc cc:o.c Dc_..c ._c c:o.D.
Dc_..c oS ccO
cc cco c cc Dc_..c .o, cccoc.. Occ cc.:.D cc cc.: c c:c ocDc
cc:o.c. .O. c:Dc.. c:oO cc:, cO cc:o.. oOc . .c.. .O._c Dc_..c cc: oOc
.S cocOo. c .c oc cc cOc.c :occ .c..
Dc_..c cc: .o oO
.cc .c:.. cccco c:cSc D. .c..
o ccc ccc:, _ccS underscore( _ ) cOoc ..:: cc c:c.
o:cc.O cc c:Dc: c .o:c:c
Characters 255 c cc: c D. c:c.
cc c:c..c c cc oOc cc ccc cOoc ..:: cc c:c.
Dcc_ .Scc c .co cc c:c oS (reserved words) Dc_..c cc: ..::cc .o:c:c.
Dc_..c cc: oOc _o cc, c. c. ccc. cc ..:: cc c:c.. _: c.. cc.c c:. c.co
c ccc. cc c:ccD. c:c..
:Constant ccc, c:.c.co c ..:: c:oO. ccc. cc:cc cc.c cc.: .c:. cc:c:oO. ..::
c:.o.
Eg:-Pi=3.142



32
c:OoO I0.8.I

cO ._c cc: Operators c:Dc: ccO.

cO .c:.c
c.DS c. c_ c:c _c.c c_. coc c:OoO I0.8.2 c c:c c:._ ccoc. c:Dc: .o:.c:.
Dcoo.
ccc, cc: ccoc c:Dc: .c:. Dcoo.
o Visual Basic Dc+c .c:. c_c Project ccc c.o coo.
o Form cc Double Click cc Code Editor cc. .oo.
o cc _. cS .c_c.c c:c Object Combo Box c.cc Form co .c_c.c c:c Event
Combo Box c.cc Activate .oo .c:coo.
o c:c .cc _.oo.
o cO._c. c.:cccoo.
c_cc: ccoo.

.co .c:.c

c co.:.S cccc. .c..
ccc c:c c:._c_o ccc cc ._c c. _c:...
o \ Operator cc c:Dc cco c.c.: .cc .c.S cco c.c.:c (Integer) _c: c:oO.
o Mod Operator cc c:Dc .c:. c.c.: .cc .c.S _:.co c. _c: c:oO.
o ^ Operator cc c:Dc .c:. c.c.:cc c_. _c: c:oO.
o & Operator cc c:Dc .c:. cco (Strings) ccc cO.
Visual Basic c:cSc.c:. c:._c. c:_.co ccc: Ococc (Interface) ocO:o. ccoo.
c:_ Cording _.: cO._c. c.:cOc (Run) ccoo.
Form cc cc Project cc Save ccoo.
c:c. ccc:o.. ocO:o:cOc cc cOc. c:oS coo.



33
c:OoO I0.8.2

Operators List (Arithmetic, Comparison, Logical, Concatenation)
Part 1
Arithmetic Operators

1) Print 7^2
2) Print 7*2
3) Print 7/2
4) Print 7\2
5) Print 7 Mod 2
6) Print 7+2
7) Print 7-2
8) Print (7^2+3 Mod 2)
9) Print (7*2+25 Mod 7*2)
10)Print (3+5^2 Mod 3*2/3)

Comparison Operators

When A=10 Find the answer

1) Print A<20,A<5
2) Print A<=10,A<=5
3) Print A>20,A>5
4) Print A>=10,A>=5
5) Print A=20,A=10
6) Print A<>10,A<>5

Concatenation Operators
1) Print 2+4
2) Print 2+4
3) Print Information +Technology
4) Print Information & Technology
5) Print Information & &Technology
6) Print 2 & 4

Logical Operators
1) Print (2>3) AND (3>2)
2) Print (2>3) OR (3>2)
3) Print NOT (3>2)
4) Print NOT (5>4) AND (3<2)
5) Print NOT (5>4) OR (3<2)
6) Print (2<3) AND (5<4) OR (7>6)
7) Print (4+5>2) AND (9-3<3)
8) Print (9-4<8) OR (8+`3>5)



34
c:OoO I0.8.8

c.D.S c.
coc ccO (Arithmetic Operators)
c.c.:cc c_. _c: c:oO cc: ^ Operator cc c:Dc cc.. cO c.c.:.D c_. co.o
.co c.c.:c..
_:-
o
2^3=8(the cube of 2)
o
10^3=1000(the cube of 10)
o
15^2=225

c.c.: .cc c: cO cc: * Operator cc ..:..
_:-
o 25*2=50
o 15*3=45
c.c.: .cc .cO cc: / Operator cc ..:..
Eg:-
o 14 / 4 =3.5.
o 23/2=11.5

c.c.: .cc .c.S cco c.c.: .c:.c (Integer) cOoc _c: c:oO. \ Operator cc
..: co..
Eg.
o 14 \ 4 =3.
o 25\2=12
c.c.: .cc .c.S _:.co c. _c: c:oO. Mod Operator cc ..:: co.
Eg:-
o 15 Mod 4 =3
o 25 Mod 2=1
o 10 Mod 2=0

ccc cO. + Operator cc c. cO. Operator cc c:Dc: cc..
Eg.
o
25+15 =40
o
25-15=10



35

Concatenation Operator
o String ccc.c cc String ccc ._c ccc cO. Concatenate Operators ..::
co..
o .S cc: & .c: + ..::co.
Eg:
Print "Con" & "caten" & "ation" =Concatenation
Print "Con" +"caten"+"ation" =Concatenation

o Concatenation Operator cc Arithmetic Operators ccc .o:co ccc Operator
cOcc: c_.c._c Arithmetic Operators c_. ccc c: comparison Operator c_.
.cc cc...
Concatenation Operator cOcc: c _c._c Arithmetic Operators c_. ccc cc.o ccc
Boolean Operators c_. c_o c c...

Logical Operators
Logical Operators Oco Boolean cc:co.c c.c.o. .c:. Boolean cc.c _c: ...
Operators .cc c:c oc: AND c: OR Binary .c..
co Operator ccc c:c oc: NOR Operator cc unary .c..

Operator -- Operation:
o =-- equals
o <>-- is not equal
o <-- less than
o >-- greater than
o <=-- less than or equal
o >=-- greater than or equal
cOcc: coc.c_
Arithmetic Comparison Logical
Exponentiation (^) Equality (=) Not
Multiplication and Division (*,/) Inequality (<>) And
Integer division (\) Less than (<) Or
Modulus arithmetic (Mod) Greater than (>)
Addition and Subtraction (+,-) Less than or equal to (<=)
String concatenation (&),(+) Greater than or equal to (>=)


36

c:OoO I0.0.I
Option
Buttons
Check
Box
Combo box
Horizontal Scroll bar
Vertical Scrollbar


37

c:OoO I0.0.2


Form ccc.c c:Dc: .c:. cO._c.c .c:. ocO.

c. c:c cO._c. c_oo. (Soft Copy)
c.D.S c. c_ c:c .c:o cc.c:. cccoo.
c co.:.S cccc. .c.o c:c.
ccc c:.t c:o. ..cc c:c c:.t cco cc c:co c:.t .cc co.:.S ccc cc
._c .c: .o c:c.

cO co.:.O Form 1 cc: c:c Controls ..:: coo.

o ccc ccco. c:Dc..o .co.cD c_o _cocc. _c: _o D. c. ~:coc.Dc_.
cccco. ccoo. (Scrollbar, Text Box2, Lable2 c:Dc: ccoo.)
formula C=5/9 (F-32)
o c:c _.cccco c:O ccc.c c: 7O ccc.c .c:c: Print cO. (Combo Box 2c,
Lable 2 c c:Dc: ccoo.)
o Label ccc c:c cco.c Italic cc ccc c. Undo cO. (Check Box 2c, Lable 1 c
c:Dc: ccoo. )
o Form cc c:. cO cc: c:. coc ..O (Option Button 3c, Lable 1 c c:Dc:
ccoo.)
.co co.:.O Form 2 cc: c:c Controls ..:: coo.

o Label cc Oc Click c.S cc c:. .coc DO c: c.c oO ccco. DO.
o Label cc Oc Double Click c.S cc c:. .coc DO c: c.c oO ccco. DO. .
o Label c.cc Mouse .co.:.S cc ccc: O:c.:O.
o Form cc Load D.S Label c.cc c:. .coc DO c: oO ccco. DO.
cO._c. cc: Visual Basic ccc: Ococ (Interface) .c:.ocoo.
cc c:.tcc. cc Form cc c:co Form .cc ccO Project c.c ocO:o. ccoo.
cO._c. c.: ccc: (Run) occ.c:c. c_oo.
c.c .co.S cccS Oc coS c ocO:o:cOc co.:.S cc cOc cc: c:oS
coo.



38
c:OoO I0.0.8
c.DS c.
Option Button

Option Button o:c.c:c Radio Button ccc.c cc. ccc.
.Sc:.o ccc. ccc cOoc .c. c:c.
Option Button ccc c:cc. c:c.c True .c: False .o cc.o ..co ccc cOo.

Check Button

.c:c: c:oS ccc.c cO. c:c cccc: cc: Check Box ..:: co.
.Oc Value Property cc Check Box cc Check D c:c D. cc o:c.c:c 7._c .D.

Combo Box

Combo Box ccc Oco .c:c: c:oS ccc.c cc c_ c:c.
.c:c: c:oS cO:o. c:co D. Combo Box cc Oc Scroll Bar ccc c:c_c .D.
Combo Box c.cc c:c _:.cc.co (list) ccc .c:c:c:oO. .c: c_c ccc c:c_ cO. c_co.
c_cco _ .c:c: c:oO combo box c.cc text property cc cc. cc.D.

ccc c: ccc Scroll Bars

.OO Scroll Bar ccc _cO c: ccO cc.c c:c.
.Sc: Scroll cO Oco _cO c: ccO cc. ccc cc.c c.. _c:. c:c.

Option
buttons
Check
Boxes


39

Form1 Coding
Codes for Option buttons
Private Sub optBold_Click()
lblHead.FontBold =True
End Sub

Private Sub optReg_Click()
lblHead.FontBold =False
End Sub
Codes for Check boxes
Private Sub chnormal_Click()
lblHead.FontUnderline =False
End Sub

Private Sub chUnder_Click()
lblHead.FontUnderline =True
End Sub
Codes for Scrollbar
Private Sub HScroll1_Change()
txtFont.Text =HScroll1.Value
lblHead.FontSize =HScroll1.Value
End Sub



40
Codes for Form Load
Private Sub Form_Load()
optBold.Value =False
optReg.Value =False
chUnder.Value =0
chnormal.Value =0
End Sub
Codes for Show &Hide forms
Private Sub cmdMove1_Click()
Form2.Show
Me.Hide
End Sub

How to add items to a Combo Box
1)Private Sub Form_Load()
cmbCapital.AddItem "Kathmandu"
cmbCapital.AddItem "Colombo"
cmbCapital.AddItem "New Delhi"
cmbCapital.AddItem "Beigin"
End Sub
2) Combo box ccc. items c:c_c ccO, Property Window c List property Oco c
c:c..

cmbCapital
cmbCountry


41
Codes for Combo box
Private Sub cmbCapital_Click()
lblCap.Caption =cmbCapital.Text
End Sub

Private Sub cmbCountry_Click()
lblCoun.Caption =cmbCountry.Text
End Sub
Codes for mouse move
Private Sub lblCap_MouseMove(Button As Integer, Shift As Integer, X As Single, Y As Single)
lblCap.Caption =" "
End Sub

Private Sub lblCoun_MouseMove(Button As Integer, Shift As Integer, X As Single, Y As Single)
lblCoun.Caption =" "
End Sub
Codes for mouse single click
Private Sub lblMessage_Click()
lblMessage.Caption ="You have clicked once"
lblMessage.BackColor =vbWhite
lblMessage.ForeColor =vbRed
End Sub
Codes for mouse double click
Private Sub lblMessage_DblClick()
lblMessage.Caption ="You have double clicked "
lblMessage.BackColor =vbBlue
lblMessage.ForeColor =vbWhite
End Sub



42
c:OoO 10.10.1
co.:.O c.cco. cc: _c.c

cco c:oO cc: If - Then- Else c: End If .c:o.c cc:c.o conditions statements) ..::
coO

c co.:.O cccc. .c:, ccc :c.co cc_ cO._c ccco ccc c:co cc ._c ccc:
c:c. c coc c:_ c:c..o c occ coo.
o c.c.: .cc cc cc:.. cccc _oD. c. ccc:c c:ccO
o cc_.c.c c.c _oD. c.c:.. co c_. c :. c:ccO
o c.c c.c.:cc _oD. oc:c. .oo c: c... c.c.:cc _oD. c:c. .oo
c:ccO
o cc.c:o:c.c c, c_ cOc cc cccc_. _oD., cccc_. c:c. oc:c.
.oo c:ccO
cc.: c:c c.DO c. cc cocc I, 2 c: 8 .c: o c...o. ccoo
c:o:ccc.c ccc: cc:o ccO. IfThenElse c: End If .c:o.c cc:co ..::.co
c:c c:c:c. c_oo
:o c. c:cc c:c cO ._c. .c.cc cc.:o. ..:O ccoo
c:c _:cco. coc:c..o c.c cO._c. _.oo
c.. form ccc .c:.ocoo
cc:o ccc ccO. cO.c c_o:c:oO. _cc:c ccoo
cO._c. c.:cOo cc, DD. cc.o _c:, c coc _:.co ccc_c_ occ.c:c. ccccoo
c. cOc c:._ cc cc:. _c: _o Dc_O _:.cc cc ccoo
c:c. ccc:o.. ocO:oc_ cc cOc. c co.:.O c:oS coo.



43

c:OoO 10.10.2
c.DO c.
If Then Else .c:o.c cc:c.

ccc :c.co form ccc c: .cc c..c cO._c. c_coo. cOco ..Oc.c _co c:c_c c D.
c.. c:_ ccc_. _:.c.

Tmark Textbox cc c _co c:c_c cc CResult Command Button cc c_c c D. Lresult
Label cc Oc cOc .c: ccOc passed or failed) .o.co _:.c.
.OO c:c:c.. cO ._c.c cco .cco .c cco.c oc:co. ccO. c:Dc .c.c.
Form

1 cocc.

.cc c.co
ccc :c.co .cc c.c.oc IfThen cc Else cc:c.o Oco cOc ccOc ccc_.o .cO _c:..
.OO ccc_ .cO _c: c:oO. If .c:.c cc Else .c:.c c7. .c .D.

2 cocc.

2 .cc.

TMark
LResult
CResult
If cc Then ccc c:c .c:o.c.
.c:o.c. ccco D. cc:o. c
.c cc:c.
.c:o.c. .o:ccco D.
cc:o. c .c cc:c.
If cc Then ccc c:c .c:o.c.
.c:o.c. ccco D. cc:o. c
.c cc:c.


44
3 cocc.
Else .c:.c .o:O:cc cc cO._c. c.:cOc cc, c.o _:.co.. Pass ccc_. cOoc. .O.o
.OO .c:o.c cc:c. cc: Else .c:.c cc.cc. .o:co cc c:c:_ .c. c.OoO If Then cc:c.
End If cc:c..o ccco DO coc:c. .c.

If Then..... Else.... cc:c. _.o c.c: (Syntax)

If Then

Else

End If

4 cocc.

Condition
Statement(s)
Statement(s)
.c:o.c. Oco DO. cc.c
cc c_ .c.. cc. c:c
.c: .o:c:c`
.OO cc:c .c:o.c. cc.co D.
cc:o. .c.c.

.OO cc:c .c:o.c. .o:cc.co D.
cc:o. .c.c.


45
c:OoO I0.II.I

cco c:oO cc: Nested If cc Select Case .c:o.c cc:c.o Conditions Statements) ..::
coO

c co.:.S cccc. .c: c:OoO I0.II.2 c :c.co cc ccco ccc cc ._c _c: c:c. c
coc c:_ c:c...c o cccoo.
o _cocc.. coc c_.. cccc:c ocOo. ccO
o cD _co coc Dcc D:_.. .cc c:c coO ocOo. ccO
o c:c.c:cc.c _ cc c:o. c_ co:cO c: c:c.c:cc.:.c ccc. coc cD.S cc.
ocOo. ccO
o c.c coc cc_.c.c c:o.. ocOo. ccO
ccc cc:o c_o: c:oO cc: c:c ccc c...o. ccoo
o cco c:o.S ..:: c:.oo Variables
o cc. cc:c.. coc:c cccc.o (Conditions)
c.:cOc cc .coc cO._c ..co c. c:_ cO._c. .c:c: .co c. ccc cc c:c c:c:c.
c...o. ccoo (syntax and form).
c.cS c. coc:c..o cO._c. _.o c:c:c. c:_c.c c...o. ccoo
:o, c _cc variables and conditions ..:: coo cO ._c. _.oo
c Dco ccc cco _ cO ._c. c.:cOc ccoo
DD. cc. cc:c.o c:c_c cco cO ._c.. occ.c:c. cccc:cc c_oo
c:c. ccc:o.. c.c cc:cS, Oco _o c:.t c: .._ Dc_S c:. ocO:oc_ ._c coc..
cc cO. c co.:.O c:oS coo.



46

c:OoO I0.II.2
c.DS c.

Nested If Control Structure
ccc :c.co cO._c. c...o. ccoo

.OO cO._c c ccc. c:..O _cc cO._c c_. cO:o oO .OOco .c:o.c ccc. c: cooc
Oc cco c: cooc c:oO. . c:_.c

c TMark text boxcc c. _co c:c_c .c:. CResult button cc Oc c_c c D. Lgrade label
cc Oc c.c ccc: O..O c.c

1 c:c. -The Form

cco ccc.c c:oO cc: if structure cc ccc D.c ..::.co c:c c:c:c. ccc .cc c.co
c:_D. c. cc.c:. cccc c:c co c:c.
ccc cO._c. O_ c. c.:cOc co ccc .c:o.c. o c:c cccc:c cO co cc: .c:c oc:c
cccc:c. coc:c ccc _c:..

2 c:c.- cO._c c.co

.OO cO._c..o .o_ _co 40. c. oO Weak .oo, cc:o. .c:. End If cc:c..o cO._c.
ccco .c.
TMark
LGrade
CResult
1
2 3 4


47
.o_ _co 40. c. .o:.D oO c_. .c:o.c. c_c: c:._. .o_ _co 0. c. oS Good
.oo, cc:o. .c:. c:_ End If cc:c..o cO._c. ccco .D. .O c:c:c.. .c:o.c. oc:c
cccc:c cO co cc: .c:c oc:c cccc:c. coc:c ccc _c: cO._c. ccco .D.
.

If Then else cc:c. _.o c:c:c. (syntax)

cc.oc. ccccc .o:co coO. If Then else End If .cc. ccc c c.oc cc.o
c:c:c.. co.:.S ccc c:c. (nested) .

cc Dccc cco _ cO._c.. Else statement cc c co.:.S cc c:c c:c:c. ccc c:c..o
.coc: c:c.

3 c:c.
.



48
co Dc_..c. c: Dc_..o c.c.:cc c:Dc..o cc cco c:oO
Nested If .cc. ccc c:c:c.., c: Dc_..o c:c.O cc: ..::cc c:c.

Form

4 c:c.

.cc.

c:c.
cc cO._c. Oco cc cccc:cc cccco I .c: 2`.c: _co 40. c:..o _c: cc.o:c c
.c.c.

6 c:c.
.co cO..o ccc ocOo c_. cZ. c:c.
o cccco .c.O _co 4. c:..o _c: cc.o:c _cc c:.O:_:c. .c.c
o 0c c ccc _c: cc.o:c O_c c:.O:_:c. .c.c
o 0. c..co _c: cc.o:c cc_ c:.O:_:cc. .o:.c.c

TMark1
TMark2
CComment


49

Case cc:c. (Case Statement)

ccc cO._c. c c_o _cc cO._c c_. cO:o.. c.cc Case cc:c. ..:o c:c:c.. .coccS
cc.c co. _:.S.

o .cc _.o c:c:c. nested if c:c:c.. c.: .coc.D.
o Case statement cc. ccc. cc Dc_..c cOoc c:c.O. cc.D. nested if Oco Dc_..o
ccc.c c:c.O. c:c.D.
o c cO .c:..c _cc _:cco., cc Dc_..c cOoc c:c .c.o Case statement
c:Dc..o c:c.. c:c..

c:c.

8 c:c. - .cc c.co

Select Case
Statement
TMark
LGrade
CGrade


50
Case cc:c. _.o _co c:c:c. (Syntax)

Select Case <Expression>
Case <Value>
One or more VB statements
Case <Value>
Case <Value>
.
Case<Value>
Case <Value>
Case Else
End Select

<Expression>- o:O VB cc:c.c cc.c, coo. ccOc, cccc c:o ..c`

Ex Select Case Text1 (cccc - String)
Select Case Val(Text1) (c.c.:O. cc.c )
cc.o (values) cc:c. Expression) cOc coc:c D. .c.. cc:c. c.c.:O. oS cc. c.c.:O.
D. .c..

cc:c.o Expressions) cc.o (values) cOc cc: c:_.co cc:c. c.:cOc co ccc c.oc
case cc:c.o .o:c_c: c:.c.

c:_.co cc:c.c .o:O:c oO, Case Else cc:c. c.:cOc .D.



51
c:OoO I0.II.8
_cocc. coc c_.. DD. cccc: oco. ccO

ccc cc.co, _cocc. .coc co D. c_.. cccc:co .cocco c:c:c. cc: c:c. _cocc.
c:c_ .c:. c.. coc:c c_.. cccc:c _c: c:oO. c_c ccc: Ococc cOc cO._c.c ocO:o.
ccoo (Nested If control Structure cc c:Dc: ccoo`.

c.DS c..oc I c: 2 c:cc.co .S cc: c...o. ccoo.

Determining various states of water by temperature.

Temperature in Celsius State of water
Equal to or less than 0
0
Ice
Less than 27
0
and greater than 0
0
Cool water
Less than 100
0
and greater than 26
0
Hot Water
Greater than or Equal to 100
0
Steam
c. _co Oco DccD.:_. .ccO
ccc cc.co, cc c ccc.c DccD.:_.. .ccO cc: ccc. cco _co cD _co O..O
.coc.. c_c ccc: Ococc c:_cS cc Select Case control structure c:Dc..o c_ccS _co
c:.O:_:c .cDO. cO._c.c _.oo.
c.DS c..oc c: 8 c:cc.co .S cc: c...o. ccoo.
Z Score Nature of Selection
From 0 to 1.5

Not Selected
1.6 to 1.9

Bio Science
2.0 to 2.4

Veterinary
Greater than 2.5 Medicine

c:c.c:cc.:.c cccc. c: _cc c:o. c:c_c c D. c..O O..O oco. ccO

ccc cc.co cco c:.co. Oco cD.S _c: .o coO .coc.. c_c ccc: Ococc c:_cS cc
c:c.c:cc.:.c cccc. c: _cc c:o. c:c_c c D., cD.O oco. ccO cc: Nested If
Control Structure c:cco cO._c.c .c:. ocoo.

.O cc: c.DS c..oc 4, c: 0 .o c:c c.co _c..:c cc coo.

Status Total amount of Purchases in rupees Discount
More than100, 000 10%
Registered Customer
Less than 100,000 5%
More than 100,000 5% Other customer
Less than 100,000 No Discount

c.c coc cc_.o ccc ccO
ccc cc.co c.c coc cc_.c ccc c c:c c:c:c.c :c.D. c_c ccc: Ococc c:_cO cc
Select Case control structure c:cco c.c c:c_c c D. c:o.. _c:c:oO. cO._c.c c:_cS
ccoo.
.O cc: c.DS c..oc c: 8 .o c:c c.co _c..:c cc coo.

Age Age group
3 to 17 years Child
18 to 40 years Young
41 to 60 years Middle aged
Above 60 Old


52
c:OoO I0.I2.I
For-Next loop c:Dc..o cc cc:cc c.:cOc co c:c..c cc: cO._c.c _.O
c co.:.S cccc. .c: cc co.:.Oc. cc c:co ccc :c.co c:c..o ccco ccc
cc ._c ccc: c:c. c coc c:_ c:c...c ...oo
o 1 c. 0 cc: c.c.: .coDO cc: cO._c.c _.: c.:cOc ccoo
o c.c oO c cc:cc _.DO cc: cO._c.c _.: c.:cOc ccoo
o 9 c. I cc: c.c.: .coDO cc: cO._c.c _.: c.:cOc ccoo
o _co 8 cc:cc cco. DO cc: cO._c.c _.: c.:cOc ccoo
c.DS.c... cO .c:.c c.c: For-Next loop cc _.o c:c:c. c: c.o cO._c.c
.c:.oco c:c:c. cc cc.c:..c _c: coo
c.DS .c... .co .c:.c c.c: c:c c:c.. cc: cO._c.c .c:.o:cO. ccc.
ococ: c: :oO _cc: coo
c _cc: cc :oO c:c..o cO._c. .c:.ocoo
cO._c. c.:cOc cc occ.c:c. cccc:cc c_oo



53
c:OoO I0.I2.2
c.DS c.
cO .c:.c
Loop structures .o _c.c o:cc o:cc c.:cOc ccO. ..::co _co cc:c.c. .OO _c.c,
_c. c .o _co .S cc cc.c (counter value) cc: _.: co cc: o:cc o:cc c.:cOc .D.
cO ._c. c.:cOc co c:c coo loop counter . Oco coo. .c.c.

c.:cOcco c:c coo oo: cccc:c_ For loop cc ..::c:.o. c:c c:cOcc cc.c c. c:c
ccc:o cc.c cc: .OO _c. For loop) c c:c _c.c c.:cOc .D.
For loop cc _.o c:c:c. Syntax)
For <CounterVar>=<Start Value>To <End Value>step <increment or decrement value>
Statement
Next<CounterVar>

Figure 1: Flow chart of For-Next Loop structure
cO._c. c.:cOc co c:c coo c:cScc cc. c: ccc:o cc. Oco cco. .c.c. c.OoO cc
ccc c .c: cc .o cc. _c. c cco c c:c.. c.c c .c: cc .o cc. cco cc
o:coS c:O:o. c:c:c.. cc cc.c c:co c .c: cc ...

_: I

For X=1 TO 4
Loop body
Next X
.Oc cc. cc ccc. cc c:co c .. (X=X+1)
cO cc, X is 1.
.co cc, X is 2.
cccco c:c.. X c cc. 4 D _c. ccco .D.
_: 2
For X =1 To 9 Step 2
Loop Body
Next X
.Oc ccc cc. .c c:co c ...( X=X+2)
cO c:c.. X is 1.
.co c:c.. X is 3.
X c cc. 9 c D. _c. occ.
CounterVar
<=End Value
CounterVar=Start Value+1 Increment CounterVar
True
False
Loop Body


54
_: 8
For X =9 To 1 Step -2
Loop Body
Next X

.Oc ccc cc. .c c:co cc ...( X=X-2)
cO c:c.. X =9
.co c:c.. X is 7.
X c cc. 1 c D. _c. occ.
.co .c:.c
1. Command button ccc c_c c D. 0 c. 8 cc: c.c.: _DO. for-next loop ..:: coO.
Private sub Command1_ click ()
For i=0 To 8
Print i
Next i
End Sub
cc cO ._c..,
For- for loop
i - integer
0 -starting value
To between start and stop (end) value
8 stop value
Next go to next step (if i>8 then end for loop).
2. Command button ccc c_c c D. Hello .o cco. co ccc _DO cc: for-next loop
cc ..:: coO.
Private sub Command1_ click ()
For i=0 To 2
Print Hello
Next i
End Sub
cc cO ._c..,
For- for loop
i - integer
0 -starting value
To between start and stop (end) value
2 stop value
Next go to next step (if i>2 then end for loop).



55
c:OoO 10.13.1

Do-While loop c:Dc..o ccccc c.:cOc co cO._c.c _.O
c co.:.O cccc. .c: ccc :c.co c:c..o ccco ccc cc ._c _c: c:c. c coc
c:_ c:c...c occcoo.
o I. c. c.c.: cco. ccO cc: cO._c.c _.: c.:cOc ccoo
o I4. c. c.c.: cco. ccO cc: cO._c.c _.: c.:cOc ccoo
o I2. c. c.c.: cco. ccO cc: cO._c.c _.: c.:cOc ccoo
o II. c. c.c.: cco. ccO cc: cO._c.c _.: c.:cOc ccoo
c.DS c..oc cO .c:.c c.coo
Do-While loop structure cc cc cO._c. .c:.o:.DO cc: ccc. .cc c_o: coo
.OO c._O .c:.c c.c: cc: cc .c: cc.c:..c _c:coo
:o c. ccc: c:c c:c... c:_ .c:.c c_o: coo
c. o:cc .c:o c.c: c.c cO._c. _.oo
c. c.:cOc cc occ.c:c. cccc: ccoo



56

c:OoO 10.13.2
c.DS c.
1 .c:.c
.o:oo: c:c cooc c.:cOc D. .c _c.c cOc.c c.:cOc ccDO. .OO _c. Do-While loop)
..:: c:.o. Dcc_ .Scc cO._c c:c:.D .OO _c. c.:cOc D.S c:c .c:o.c. c_c: c_:
c. c:c oS, _c. c c:c c._O _c.c Occ:c ... c:c .c:o.c. oc:c oS, _c. c c:c
_c.c ccc c.:cOc D, o:cc .c:o.c. c_c: c:._. .S c:c:c..o c:c .c:o.c. oc:cc
ccco c:c .OO _c. c.:cOc .D. c:c .c:o.c. c:c_o Dcc _c. c.:cOcDO occ.

Do While _c. _.o c:c:c. - I cO.
Do While <condition>
Statement(s)
Loop
.c:o.c. c_c: c_:, _c. c c:c _c.c c .:cOc .D.

Do-While loop - _:cco.

Output:

Example 2: Do-While loop Do While _c. _.o c:c:c. - 2 cO.
Do
Statement(s)
Loop While <condition>
_c.c c:c _c.c ccc c.:cOc D .c:o.c. c_c: c:._,


57

Output:

2 .c:.c

Do-Until loop . .o:oo: c:c cooc c.:cOc D. .c _c.c cOc.c c.:c Oc ccDO. ..::
c:.o. Dcc_ .Scc cO._co c:c:.D .OO _c. c.:c Oc D.S, c:c .c:o.c. c_c: c_: c.
ccc:.o:_. oO, _c. c c:c c._O _c.c Occ:c ... c:c .c:o.c. ccc:_. oS, _c. c
c:c _c.c ccc c.:cOc D, o:cc .c:o.c. c_c: c:._. .S c:c:c..o c:c .c:o.c.
ccc:_o c:c .OO _c. c.:cOc .D. c:c .c:o.c. ccc:.o:_:c Dcc _c. c.:cOcDO occ.

Do Until _.o c:c:c. Syntax)
I cO.
.c:o.c. c_c: c_:, _c.c c:c _c.c ccc c.:cOc .D

Do Until <condition>
Statement(s)
Loop

2 cO.
_c.c c:c _c.c ccc c.:cOc D .c:o.c. c_c: c:._,

Do
Statement(s)
Loop Until <condition>



58

Example 1: Do-Until loop

Output:

cc _:cco.. start button c_c c_D. I c. I0 cc: c.c.: Oo.D n I0. c.: c: c D. _c.
occ.

Example 2 Do Loop Until



59

Output:

cc _:cco.. start button c_c c_D. I c. I0 cc: c.c.: Oo.D n I0. c.: c: c D. _c.
occ.



60

c:OoO I0.I4.I

ccc cco cc.D cco .c oS cc co c..c co.:.O ccoc c:c.

Name Group
Hema A
Kamal B
Nihal A
Mala B
Raja C
Mari A
Theja B
Kamala B
Perera A
Peter C
nayoma B

c7. c:c co.:.O

GroupA
1. Hema
2. Nihal
3. Mari
4. Perera

GroupB
1. Kamal
2. Mala
3. Theja
4. Kamala
5. Nayoma
GroupC
1. Raja
2. Peter


61
c:OoO I0.I4.2

Arrays c:Dc: cc cO._c.c .c:. ocO.

c c._ .o: co.:.S 4c. .c..
ccc cco cO ._c. c._O co.:.S c_. ccco _:.S.
o ccc cco c Interface ccc cc coo.

o Button .c cc: Name Property cc cmdStart c: cmdExit ._c Caption Property
cc c_.c_o Start c: Exit ._c .coc cc coo.
o ccc cco .cc (Code) cO c:c:c..O c:c_c cc coo.

Dim NumArray(4) As Integer 'Declaring an array as NumArray
Dim num As Integer
Private Sub cmdStart_Click()
NumArray(0) = 10 'Assigning values to the array
NumArray(1) = 20
NumArray(2) = 30
NumArray(3) = 40
NumArray(4) = 50
For num = 0 To 4 'Display the out put
If NumArray(num) <> 0 Then
Print NumArray(num)
End If
Next num
End Sub
Private Sub cmdExit_Click()
End
End Sub
Arrays ccc c_oc:O, Arrays ccc. cc.o c:.c cO, Arrays c:Dc: cO cc
cO._c..o cc.c:.cc coo.
ccc cco c.:c:ccS cc ._c co.:.S 4 ccc .c: .o _:.S.
o c.c.: cc.: cc c:oO cc: Arrays c:Dc: cc cc c:c c.c c.c.: coo cc c:oO.
o cc ._c _c: cc c.c.: cOc.c Arrays ccc cc.: cc cc c:c Dc:_cO c.c.:c
.cDO.
o Key Board Oco c:c_c cco _ c.c.: Array ccc cc.: cc cc c:c cD.D c.c.:
c_ cccc .cDO.
o cc ._c _c:cc c.c.: cOc.c Array c_ cc.: cc .o _ c.c.:cc Array cc c_
cc.: cc c:c cc:o. .c:.: c:oO.
c .cc _c: c:c c.:c:ccO c.c: .cc:S coo.
c. co.:..S c:O:Sc.o cOc c:cDc: ccoo.
cO ._c c_ Arrays c:Dc: cco c:c:c. c.DS c. c:cco cc.c:. cc coo.
Visual Basic c:cSccc .S c.:c:ccO. c_c Interface ccc ocO:o. cc coo. c cc:
ccc. .cc (Code) c:c_c cc Project cc c.:cOc cc oc:c cc cccc: cc coo.
ccc:o.. c Oco _o c:._, cc:. _c:_o Dc_S c:co _c cc:c c:c..o
ocO:o:cOc co.:. cc cOc. c:o coo.


62

c:OoO I0.I4.8

c.DS c.
Arrays c_oc: O
ccO oo c_oco, c.co. cco _ (Indexed), Variables cOc.c Array ccc oo c_oc..

ccO ccc.. (Type) cc cOc.c cO ._c.c c:Dc: cco D. c cc: .co .coO Variables
c:Dc: ccoc:. c.: Array c:Dc: cO c.:c ..:c. .D.

_:cco.c ._c cO ._c.c c_ cc_.o.c oS c..c cc.: cO c_cO. .S cc: .co .coO
Variables c..c c:Dc: ccoc:. c.: Array ccc c:Dc: cO _Dc..
Array ccc c:c cc .co .c:. c_o: c:oO. cocc c.co.cSubscript)c:Dc: cc.. .O.
Array Index o .D.

_: Name(1), Name(2), Name(3) c: cc..o

Declaring Arrays
.S cc: Dim cc:co. Statement) c:Dc: cc.. c. ccc c:c:c.. _D. c:c.

Dim arrayName(lower boundary to Upper boundary) as dataType
_:cco.
Dim Name(1 to 10) as string
Dim Name(1 to 10) as string .OO cc:c. (Statement) Oco Declare .c.co Array c.c cO
Element cc Name(1) co ccc ccco Element cc Name(10) .D.

Array Variable c_oc:O ccc c:c:c.. c.ccccc c c:c.
Dim ArrayName (Upper Boundary) As Data Type.
cc Variable c_oc:O Oco _:.co Ot Elements c.c.:c Upper Boundary c_ c:c cc.. c.:
ccco c:..
_:cco.
Dim CusName(10) as String
.OO c_oc:.S Elements coo IIc. CusName(0) c. CusName(10) cc:
Data Type coc:O coc:c. .o:.D. c_oc:.o .o:_:cc.c:c c. Variant Type ._c co.

Array ccc cc _c: O cc cc _c: c:oO.
.S cc: Loop Control Structure c:Dc: c_ c:c.

num array cc. cc _c: O
_:cco. -
Dim num(10) As Integer
For i = 0 to 10
Num(i) = i*10
Next i

num array c.c c:c cc.o _c: c:oO
_:cco.
For i=0 to 10
Print num(i)
Next i



63

Sample Program 1
c.c.: cOc.c c::o. (Input) cc .S c.c.:cc Array ccc c_ c:c cc:o. (Index) cc .c:.:
c:oO.

.cc (Codes) ccc: Ococ (Interface)

Dim num(11) As Integer
Dim i As Integer
Dim place, countp As Integer

Private Sub Start_Click()
countp = 0
i = 0
place = 0
For i = 0 To 10
num(i) = InputBox(" Enter Number" ) 'Read numbers from key board
Next i
MsgBox (" Number entering is over" )
place = InputBox(" Enter the number that you want to find the index" )
Do While num(countp) <> place
countp = countp + 1
Loop
Form1.Print countp 'Display the output
End Sub
Sample Program 2
I c. I0 cc: c.c.:c_ ccc O_. .c:.: cc: Text Box Oc .coDO.



64
The codes
Dim Numarray(1 to 10) As String
Dim num As Integer

Private Sub Start_Click()
For num = 1 To 10 assign values to an array
Numarray(num) = num ^ (1/2)
Next num
For num = 1 To 10 'display the out put
If Numarray(num) <> " " Then
Text1 = Text1 & " , " & Numarray(num)
End If
Next num
End Sub
Private Sub Exit_Click()
End
End Sub



65
c:OoO I0.I.I

Functions cc Procedures c:Dc..o cO._c.c .c:. ocO.

ccc c:c..o ccco ccc c co.:.S c_. cc ._c c:c.co c:c.
Label ccc ccc:c_ c:. (Fore Color) cc cc7.S c:. (Back Color) .coc cO cc:
cO._c.c _.oo. cc ccc ccccS c:cc. .c..
o Option Button c:Dc: cc ccc:c_ c:. (Fore Color) cc cc7.S c:. (Back Color)
.coc c.S c:c.:c
o c:_ Scroll Bar c:Dc cc cc .c: c: o_ cco .coc c.S c:c.:c

c.c.: .cc ccc cc ccc_. Text Box ccc .coDO cc: cO._c.c _.oo.
o cOc c.c.: .cc cccc _c: c:oO cc: Arguments Pass cco Function ccc
_.oo. c. ccc c:c..o .co c Buttons c_ Click Event cc. Call ccoo.
o Add Button - Event Procedure cc c_ Dc_..o cc: c:.c co cc.o.c cccc
_c: . .c..
o Key Board Button -.cc: ccc:c Oco c:c_c cco c.c.:c_ cccc _c: . .c..

cOc:o ._c_.. cc .co ._c_.. Caption cc: String Dc_. Arguments Pass cO.
Procedure ccc _.oo. ccc c:c.. c_co c:c:c.. cO Procedure cc, cc cc Button
cc cc: Call ccoo.

o Button ccc Click cco D. cc Caption cc. cO:o ccoc.c cOco ._c_.. c.
c:_.co cc..o .co ._c_.. c.co D. .c..

c+c.c:o:c.c c.cc c_. c: cc. .c:.: ccc_. cDO cc: Form 3 c_ Functions
.cc _.oo. c:_ Button Click c_ D. .o _ O:o.o. coc c.cc c_. cc cc.
coo. co c.o cc Functions c:O Form cccO c:_ Button c_ Click Event cc:
Call ccoo.
2 1


66

o .S co.:.O. ccco _ c:.tc .c:o c...o. ccoo.
o c.DS c. .c:o c...o. cc Functions cc Procedure c.: cco c:c:c. cc.c:.
cc coo.
o VB 6.0 c:cSc cc c:_ ccc: Ococ (Interfaces) ocO:o. cc cO._c .c:. ocoo.
o c:_.co cc..o ..:: cO ._c ccc: ccoo.
o c co.:.O c.Dco.. .c:.:cc . ocO:o:cOcc cc cO. c:oS coo.



67
c:OoO I0.I.2

c.DS c.

Procedures c:oDO
c.: c:ccc .c:.c c_. c:O Oco c.cco cO._co.c cc_ c_ c:c.. .Oc:o c.: c:ccc
.c:.cc Procedure ccc ._c c_oco _:.S. .Sc: Visual Basic cO._c c.cc.o cO cc:
Building Blocks ._c ..:: cc c:c..

occ c:Dc: co coc ccO ccoc cc Controls c:ccDS cc c:c .O.c.S c: o:cc o:cc
c:Dc co .c: cc._ c:Dc co .c: cc.o .c:occ cc: c:oO cc: Procedures c..:cocc .D.
The Syntax
Private Sub ProcedureName( parameters/arguments )
statement(s)
End Sub

Procedures ccc cO._c c_ c.:o c:c oS
o Procedures ccc cO._c.c c.c .o:O:c cO._c.c. c.: ccc.co oc:c cS c
c:c DO.
o cc cO._co.c c:Dc: cco Procedures c: ct .coc cOc cc .c: c.c .o:O:cc
.c: .coc cO._co.c cc: ..:: cc c:cDO.
o cO._cc.o (Programmers) ccc ..oc. ccO cO._co.c (Programme) Oc
c:.c_ c:c DO Visual Basic c_ c:c:c .cc Procedures c:c.
Sub Procedures - cc..o (Value) c.c. _c: .o:..
Functions - cc..o (Value) _c: ..
Functions cc Procedures ccc c.:o .coc oS Functions c. Call cco Procedures cc.
cc.o _c: .o ccc Procedures c.c .o:cO..
Event Procedures .OO .c:..c c:cDc: .o.c.c` c_o .cocc c_o: c:oO cc: Functions
cc Sub Procedures .c:_.D General Procedures ._c c_oco _:.S.

Sub Procedures
Sub Procedure ccc .o D.ccc c:c..o ccc .c: ccc.c cco cO._c .c:.cc. c.. .coO
oOc c:c ccc cO._c.. .coO .c:.cc ._c _.o _c..
Private Sub ProcedureName( parameters/arguments )
statement(s)
End Sub

.Oc Parameters/Arguments cco .o:c_ ccco c7. .c..
Procedure ccc ccc ccoc..o (Statement) .coc Procedure ccc c_. c:D. (Call) c:c.

Call ProcedureName( parameters/arguments )

Procedure ccc oS c.S ccOo Dc_..c (Variable) oS c.S ccOo. cO:o.. Procedure
ccc cc: .c:c:coo: oO cO Procedure cc cco c:c.. Dccc co ccc D. .c.. Sub
Procedure ccc .cc cct.D (Code Window) .c_oO _ D. c:c.

_:cco. I
ccc _:cco..o Procedure ccc _.o c:c:c. cc c. .coc Procedure ccc. c:co (Call)
c:c:c. .coc..
Private Sub callproc_Click()
Call Firstprocedure calling statement of procedure
End Sub

Private Sub Firstprocedure()
Print " Aubowan"
End Sub


68

Functions
Functions c:O:o. Procedure ccc. cO:o.. oOc Function ccc c. Call cco Procedure cc.
cc.c (Value) _c: .. (Pass). _c: .o (Pass) cc ccc. (Data Type) Visual Basic c_ c:Dc:
co So:O cSOc cc ccc.c (Data Type) D. c:c..

The Syntax
Private Function Function Name (parameter1 As data_type, parameter2 As data_type,
) As return_data_type
Statement(s)
Function Name =Return value_that_the_function_returns
End Function

Functions cc: .c:c: coo: oO Oco c. cco c:c.. Dccc D. .c.. Functions c_oc:.S
ccoc.. ccc:o.. c:c return-data-type .o.oo Functions cc Oco _c: .o cc.. (Value)
cc ccc. (Data Type) _c: ... Function ccc ccc c.o .coc Procedure ccc. c:D.
c:c.

variable1 = FunctionName (paramenter1, parameter2,...)

_:cco. 2
ccc _:cco. Oco Function ccc _.o c.c: cc c. .coc Procedure ccc. c:co c.c:
.coc..

Private Sub callfunc_Click()
Dim myfirst As String
myfirst = firstfunction calling statement of Function
Print myfirst
End Sub

Function firstfunction() As String
firstfunction = " Good Morning"
End Function

Procedures c_ Arguments/Parameters Pass cco c:c:c.
c:O:o...o Procedure ccc c:c .cc.o. (Code) c:_ c:c. .cO cc: c.:o cO._c..
(Programme c.c) ccc.o ccc .S .S .c:ccc: ccc. .D. Procedure cc c:c (Call) D.
Dc_..o (Variables) c_ c..c cc cc .c:ccc: cO Procedure cc. .co (Pass) _c.. c.c
Procedure cc. Variables .co _:c (Pass) D. cc: Arguments .c: Parameters ._c c_oco
_c..



69
c.c.: .cc cccc coo. cco ccc cO._c. (Programme) c_c: c_oo.

_:cco 8

Procedure/ _c Programme .c:.c cccc
Private Sub cmdAdd_Click()
Dim Num1 As Integer
Dim Num2 As Integer
Dim Sum As Integer
Num1 = 2
Num2 = 3
Sum = Num1 + Num2
Sum.Text = Str(Sum)
End Sub

_:cco 4
ccco c.co.o cc cO._co. Procedures cccc _.: c:c c:c:c...

Option Explicit
'----------------------main procedure -----------------------------------------------
Private Sub cmdadd_Click()
Dim Num1 As Integer
Dim Num2 As Integer
Dim Sum As Integer
Call GetTwoNumbers(Num1, Num2)
Call AddTheTwoNumbers(Num1, Num2, Sum)
Call DisplayTheSum(Sum)
End Sub
'----------------------procedure 1-----------------------------------------------
Private Sub GetTwoNumbers(a, b)
a = 2
b = 3
End Sub
'----------------------procedure 2-----------------------------------------------
Private Sub AddTheTwoNumbers(c, d, e)
e = c + d
End Sub
'----------------------procedure 3-----------------------------------------------
Private Sub DisplayTheSum(d)
sumtxt.Text = Str(d)
End Sub

Arguments/Parameters c_ cc ccc. (Data Type)
Arguments c_ c:O:o. (Default) cc ccc. Variant ccc. .D. oOc c cc: .coc cc ccc.c
(Data Type) c_oc: O. ctco.
_:cco ._c ccc Procedure c String Arguments c:cco _c..



70
_:cco
Interface

Private Sub cmdshow_Click()
Dim msg As String
Call welcome(msg)
End Sub

Private Sub welcome(message As String)
message = " You Are Welcome"
Print message
End Sub

cc Procedure ccc c_ Procedures cc Functions coo:cc c7. c:c.

_:cco 0
Dim total As Single
ExplainPurpose ()
total = AddNums(2, 3)
PrintNums(2, 3, total)
End Sub

Private Sub ExplainPurpose( )
MsgBox (" This program displays a sentence identifying two numbers and their
sum" )
End Sub

Private Sub PrintNums(num1 As Single, num2 As Single, theTotal As Single)
MsgBox ( " The sum of " & num1 & " and " & num2 & " is " & theTotal )
End Sub

Public Function AddNums(numA As Single, numB As Single) As Single
Dim theTotalValue As Single
theTotalValue = numA + numB
AddNums= theTotalValue
End Function



71
c.co :- cmdAdd-Click Event Procedure cc coS .Oc c.:o Procedure cc c: cc_ c:
c.DO. ccc D c:c. cc c..c D. .cc cc c.t Dccc co co Procedures cc Functions c_.
c:c c:c.

Public c: Private .._S c_ cc:c.
Functions .c: Procedure c_oc: .S Public .._ D. c. cOcc Project cc c_ c:Dc: c O.
c:c. c.cO Private .._ D. c:_ Module cc c_ .c: Form cc c_ cOoc c:Dc: c_ c:c.

_:cco.
ccc Forms c: cOc c:c cc:. c:_ Codes .c:o c...o. c_ D. Function ccc .c:
Procedure ccc c_oc:.S Private cc Public .o .._S c_ c..:co c:c:_ co c:c. Form
7 c.cc (Form 7) Convertcelcius oS Function cc Public ..:: c_oc: c:c. cO oc: cO
Function cc Form 8 cc. (Form 8) c:DO c_ c:c. oOc Public .oo .coc. Private .oo
..:: cco oS cc Function cc Form 8 c_. c:D. (Call) .o:c:c. .coc Form ccc c:c
cc:o Public Function ccc c:co D. Form c.cc oO cco c_ .c..

Option Explicit

Private Sub Celcius_Click()

Dim fahren As Byte
Dim cels As Byte

fahren = txtfahren
cels = Form7.convertcelcius(fahren)
lblResults.Caption = cels & " degrees of Celsius"
End Sub
Option Explicit
Dim far As Byte
Dim cels As Byte
Public Function convertcelcius(f As Byte) As
Byte
convertcelcius = (f - 32) * 5 / 9
End Function
Private Sub Celcius_Click()
far = txtfahren
cels = convertcelcius(far)
lblResults.Caption = cels & " degrees of Celsius"
End Sub
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Load Form8
Form8.Show
End Sub
Private or
Public


72
c:OoO I0.I0.I

Timer Control c:Dc ccO.

c.c c.Dco. cc: cc ._c ccco _ ccc cco c:c..o c_ ...oo.
cc. Oc c:O cccc.cO coD.. cco. cO.
cc.. c.S c. co. c+cc.c c_o. cco cccO Start cc Stop Buttons Oco c_o.
o:c:cDO cc o:cc c.:cOc ccDO.
.Dc. c:_o. cO. Scroll Bar c:Dc: cc cc.. c c. cc. c+cc.c c_o. cO.
c+c.c:o:c.c c_ .o _ cO:cc. cO cO..o c: cO.

Timer Control c: Timer Event c:Dc. cc.c:. cc c:oO cc: c.DS c. .c:o c.coo.

c:O cccc.cO c:_. cco. cO. Timer Control ..:: co.o .c.c. o c:oO., I co
c:c.. c:c Form 2co c:c..c c:c Property Window cc 8co c:c.. c:c Codes c...o.
ccoo.

c.:c_.c .Dc. c:_o. cO. Interval co:.c. (Property) .coc cO cc: Text Box c:Dc:
cco.o .c.c. o c:oO. 4co c:c.. c:c Form cc co c:c.. c:c Codes c...o. ccoo.

Timer c.oco.o (Start) cc ccco cco.o (Stop) .c.c. o c:oO. 0co c:c.. c:c Form
cc co c:c.. c:c Codes c...o. ccoo. c.c Interface ocO:o. cO cc: c. c:c
cO._co. (Program) c...o. cc Controls .c:c: coo.

Timer Event c:.:c..o Timer Control c .coc cco _co co:.c (Properties) c_o: coo.

Interval co:.c. (Property) ccc. c ccc ccoo.

cO._c. (Program) c.: ccc: c.cccc cc:o. (Required Output) _:.S. c_oo.

c co.:..S c.:c:ccO ocO:o:cOc ._c cc cO cc: c:oS coo.



73

c:OoO I0.I0.2

c.DS c.
Timer Control
.o _ c:_:occ.c .S c.:c_.c .O.c.DO cc: Timer Control . c:cc.c.
.Oc Interval co:.c. (Property) c: c:cc .D. Timer c.: cO c:cSc cco _co.o
Enabled co:.c. True ._c cc Interval co:.c. 7._c. c.: c: ._c ccc c.Oo. c. .O.
Property Wnidow .c: Code c:Dc: cc c c:c. .c:cOo c:_.c. ccc c.:c_. c_.D .oo
_c: .o _co.o cccc II000 (Millisconds) ._c.. Interval co:.c.. cc. I000 ..::cc D.
c:O cccc.c. ccc .O. c_.D.

_:cco

.Oc Tclock c Timer Event c:coo cc..o c:O cccc.cO c.:cc.. cc. I000`

I c:c.

2 c:c.

Timer Control . c:c.c Timer Event cOo.

8 c:c.
TClock
TClock
.S coO. Interval co:.c. .coc c_
D. Tclock ..Oc. c:O cccc.c. ccc
c.:c_. c_ cco _c..
Timer Control . c:c.c
Timer Event cOo.


74

_:cco. 2
Interval co:.c. (Property) .coc cO.

4 c:c.

Interval Text box c c.c.:cc Type c D. Lcount ._c_.. c.c.: cco cc cco. .D.

c:_:occ. .coc c.Oo .Dc. c:_o. cco _:7. c:c cc .OO _:cco..o .coc..

.cc. (Code)

c:c.

_:cco 8
Timer Control c:cSc cO cc ccc:o cO
Enable co:.c. (Property) False cc. .coc c.Oo .c: Interval co:.c. 0 . ccc c.Oo
c.:c_. c_co ccccc Timer o:c:cD. c:c.

LCount
TInterval TConter
CStop
CStart
TColor
SOdd
LNumber
Hscroll1
TInterval


75
0 c:c.

.OO cO._c.. c.c c.c. cD.D c.c.:c_o .co cc c:oO. c:c.. c.c.: ccc. .coc co D.
c coc cc c:. .cocDO Shape Control Oco cc.. .Oc Scroll Bar Timer c Interval co:.c.
(Property) .coc cO. c:Dc: cc.. Interval Text Box Oco Scroll Bar cc: o. c:c cc.
cco. cco _c..

c. c:..c c:O. ccc. oS coc Controls Form Oc c:cc c:c:c.. cOc c:.. c:coo.
Property Window c Shape co:.c. (Property) c. c. c+cc.c cc c:oO. _cc:c coc: c:c.

.OO D.:o. Oco ..Oc.
c:cSc .D.
.OO D.:o. Oco ..Oc.
occco _c..
.OO D.:o. Oco Shape
Control c cco. .coc
cco _c..
.OO D.:o. Oco _ccS
_DO I c. c:cSc .D.
..Oc. c.:cOc co D.
c. I c:co ccc cc..`
.OO D.:o. Oco Scroll bar
c_o. cco D. Interval
co:.c. .coc cco cccO
c. Text Box c cco.
cco _c..


76

c:OoO I0.I.I



77
c:OoO I0.I.2


cc cc cc.: (Data Bases) c_o cc (Data) _c: c:oO. cO._c _.O.

c co.:.S cccc. .c.. cc cc co.:.O. o.c cco _ ccc (Table) c:c cc cc.:
o.:.(Sample Database) c_ c:c.

o c.c c:Occ_ .c:ccc: c..c ccc
o .ccc.o.c .c:ccc: c..c ccc
o Dc:c _co _:.cc .c:ccc: c..c ccc
o cco.c .c:ccc: c..c ccc
c.DS c. .c:o c.c: .cc:S.co Visual Basic Project ccc Oco cc c:c.c c:c
cccc. cSco.co c:c:c. .co coo.
Dcc_ .Scc c:cSc cc oc Project (Standard EXE) Dc+ccc Data Environment ccc c..
ccc cc c. o.O cc c:c ccc. cSco. coo.
Standard Tool Bar c c:c Save Button Click ccoo.
c cc:cO: Dco o.O cco _ Folder c.cc (Data Environment, Form c: Project) Save
ccoo
c.c co.:.O. ccc: c:c c:c:c.. c:OoO I0.I.8` Form c:_cS ccoo.
Form cc Save ccoo. Program Run ccoo. c. Text Boxes ccO cc cc .c.oD.
Program End ccoo
Sample Data Base c c:c c co.:.O. o.c ccc c_ c:c fields, Text Boxes c_. Link
ccoo. c cc: Text Boxes c_ ccc c.co Properties c_c c:c:c.. .coc ccoo.

DataSource, DataMember cc DataField

o Program cc Run ccoo. Buttons Click cc c_co c_oo. Program cc ccco ccoo
Project Explorer Window c c:c c.c Form oc:co. cco Icon cc Double Click cc form
design window .coO. c_ccoo.
First Button Oc Double Click ccoo.
cc.cc c:c c_Oco Record cc. cOo cO. Click Event cc. .cc. _.oo.
Previous Button cc Oc Double Click cc cc Record cc. .:O cc: Click Event cc.
.cc. _.oo.
c._cO, Next Button Oc Click cc cc.cc c:c c_c Record . cOo cO. .cc. _.oo.
Last Button cc Oc Double Click cc cc.cc c:c ccc:o Record . cOo cO. .cc.
_.oo.
Program cc Run ccoo. Buttons Click cc c_co occco. ccoo
Last Button Click cc Next Button click cc.Oo Error Message ccc _:.SD. c.. .ccc
cOc
Next Button cc: _. .cc. oc:c ccoo.
First Button Click cc Previous Button Click cc.Oo Error Message ccc _:.7. c..
.ccc cOc:. .c:.oo
Previous Button cc: _. .cc. oc:c ccoo.
o Program cc Run ccoo. Buttons Click cc c_co c_oo.
Project cc Save ccoo.
c.c .coS cccS Oc coS c ocO:o:cOc co.:.S cc cOc cc: c:oS coo.



78

c:OoO I0.I.8

cO c:o co.:.O cc: c:_ ccc: Classes

.c:o co .:.O cc: c:_ ccc: Employees
co c:o co.:.O cc: c:_ ccc: Marks

ccc c:o co.:.O cc: c:_ ccc: Students



79

cO c:o co.:.O cc: c:_ Form cc

o Form cc Objects c_ Properties cc.c cc: c:c c:c:c.. .coc ccoo

.c:o co .:.O cc: c:_ Form cc

Object Name Caption / Text
Form1 frmClasses Classes
Label1 lblClass Class
Label2 lblTeacher Teacher
Label3 lblBoys No of Boys
Label4 lblGirls No of Girls
Text1 txtClass
Text2 txtTeacher
Text3 txtBoys
Text4 txtGirls
Command1 cmdFirst First
Command2 cmdPrevious Previous
Command3 cmdNext Next
Command4 cmdLast Last


80

Form cc Objects c_ Properties ccc cc.c cc: c:c c:c:c.. .coc ccoo

co c:o co.:.O cc: c:_ Form cc

Form1 frmEmployees Employees
Label1 lblEmployeeNo Employee No
Label2 lbName Name
Label3 lblAddress Address
Label4 lblSalary Salary
Text1 txtEmployee
Text2 txtName
Text3 txtAddress
Text4 txtSalary


81

ccc c:o co.:.O cc: c:_ Form cc

Form1 frmMarks Marks
Label1 lblName Student Name
Label2 lblEnglish English
Label3 lblScience Science
Label4 lblMaths Maths
Text1 txtName
Text2 txtEnglish
Text3 txtScience
Text4 txtMaths


82


Form1 frmStudent Student
Label1 lblAddNo AddNo
Label2 lbName Student Name
Label3 lblAddress Address
Label4 lblDOB DOB
Text1 txtAddNo
Text2 txtName
Text3 txtAddress
Text4 txtDOB



83

c:OoO I0.I.4

cc _c.c

cc c:c.c(Database) cccc (Table) c:c Records
cco. cO cc: Visual Basic c_ Data
Environment ocO:o. cO.

Sample Database c Contact Table cOc cSco.
.cO. (C:\ict\sample.mdb)

1) Visual Basic c:cSc cc New Project Window c
Standard EXE icon select cc, Open click
ccoo.

2) Click Project Add Data Environment

3) DataEnvironment Window c c:c Connection1 Oc Right click cc Properties Oc
Click ccoo.



84
4) Data Link Properties Window c Microsoft OLEDB Provider for ODBC Drives Select cc
Connection Tab Oc Click ccoo.

5) Connection tab c Use Connection String Option Button click cc Build Button Click
ccoo.



85
6) Data Source Window Select cc Machine Data Source Tab Oc Click ccoo. cc. Ms
Access Database Oc Click ccoo. Ok Click ccoo.

7) Login Window c.c Database Button cc Click ccoo.

8) Select Database Window c.c c
Database(sample.mdb) Save cco _ Drive c: Folder Select cc.co List c.co c:_
Database .c:c: .co Ok click ccoo.

9) Login Window c.c Ok Button Click ccoo.

10) Test Connection Button cc Click ccoo. c .OO
Window cc _c: cc.c oS Ok Click ccoo.



86
11) o:cc Data Link Properties Window c.c Ok Oc Click ccoo.

12) Connection1 Oc Right Click cc Add Command Oc Click ccoo.

13) Command1 Oc Right Click cc Properties Oc Click ccoo.

14) Database Object c Table Select cc Object Name c Contacts Select ccoo.
15) Ok Click ccoo.
16) Data Environment Window Close ccoo.

17) Project cc Save cO cc: Save Button Click cc Data Environment Data
Environment1 ._c Form. Frmcontacts ._c Project as My-School(in ICT folder in
drive C) ._c Save ccoo.



87
18) .OO Window cc _:co D. No Oc Click ccoo.

19) Form Oc (Label) ._c_ c c:c_c cc cc:.. Caption Properties ccc cco c:c:c..
.coc ccoo.
Contact ID, Name, Home, Phone, Mobile Phone, Email

20) Form cc. Text Boxes c ccc ccoo. Text1, Text2, c:. Delete cc Text Properties
ccc ccoo. Name Properties cc.D c:c:c.. .coc ccoo.

Object Name Name
Text1 txtContactID
Text2 txtName
Text3 txtHomePhone
Text4 txtMobilePhone
Text5 txtEmail

21) Form cc. Command Buttons cccc c:c_c cc cc:.. Caption cc Name properties
cc.D c:c:c.. .coc ccoo.

22) Form cc. ._c_.c ccc ccoo. cc
Caption Property cc Employee Contact Numbers ._c .coc ccoo.
23) Design cco _ Form ccc c.co c.D.

24) Program Run ccoo. Text
Boxes c_ cccc cco. .o:.D.
25) Form . Close ccoo.

Object Name Name Caption


88
26) Project Explorer Window c c:c c.c Form oc:co. cco Icon cc Double
Click cc c. .coO. c_ccoo.
27) Contact ID ._c_. c.. c:c Text Box c (txtContact ID)
Properties ccc c.co c.c_. ccc ccoo.

Data Source Data Environment1
Data Member Command1
Data Field ContactID

28) c.oc Text Boxes c_ Properties ccc c.co c.c: .coc
ccoo.

Object Name DataSource Datamember DataField
txtName DataEnvironment1 Command1 Name
txtHomePhone DataEnvironment1 Command1 HomePhone
txtMobilePhone DataEnvironment1 Command1 MobilePhone
txtEmail DataEnvironment1 Command1 Email

29) Program o Run ccoo. Text Boxes c. c:_ Field Data c_o c c:c cc .c.o.
Button Click c_ D. cccc c_ .o:.D.

30) Form h close ccoo Project Explorer Window c c:c c.c Form cc oc:co. cco
Icon cc Double Click cc Form Design Window .coO. c_ccoo.

31) First Button Oc Double Click ccoo. ccc .coc: c:c Code Line cc Type ccoo.

Dataenvironment1.rscommand1.MoveFirst



89

31) c_o cc Form Design Window cc _c: c:oO. Project Explorer Window c c:c c.c
Form . oc:co. cco Icon cc Double Click Click ccoo.

32) Previous Button cc Oc Double Click ccoo. ccc cc: c:c .cc. _.oo.

Dataenvironment1.recommand1.MovePrevious
Code Window ccc cc: c:c c:c:c..o cco. .D.

33) c.oc Buttons .c cc: .cc _.oo. Code Window ccc cc: c:c c:c:c..o
cco. .D.

34) Project cc Save ccoo.
35) Project cc Run ccoo. Buttons Click cc c_co c_oo.

Last Button Click cc Next Button click cc.Oo Error Message ccc _:.co c:c. c.. .ccc
cOc Next Button cc: _. Click Event Code cc oc:c ccoo.

Private Sub cmdNext_Click()
If DataEnvironment1.rsCommand1.AbsolutePosition <
DataEnvironment1.rsCommand1.RecordCount Then
DataEnvironment1.rsCommand1.MoveNext
End If
End Sub

First Button Click cc Previous Button click cc.Oo Error Message ccc _:.co c:c.
c.. .ccc cOc Previous Button cc: _. .cc. oc:c ccoo.

Private Sub cmdPrevious_Click()
If DataEnvironment1.rsCommand1.AbsolutePosition > 1 Then
DataEnvironment1.rsCommand1.MovePrevious
End If
End Sub


90
c:OoO 10.18.1

F
O
R
M

1

F
O
R
M

2



91
c:OoO I0.I8.2

cc c:c cccc c:c Records .:ccc:_o ccO.

c c._ .o: co.:.S 4c. .c.. c co.:.O ccc ccc :c.co c:c..o ccc: c:c.
o c.c.. .c:ccc: c:c_c cO, save cO c: cc cO cc: buttons ccc form ccc
o .ccc.o.c .c:ccc: c:c_c cO,save cO c: cc cO cc: buttons ccc form
ccc
o cco.c _co .c:ccc: c:c_c cO,save cO c: cc cO cc: buttons ccc form
ccc
o cco.c .c:ccc: c:c_c cO,save cO c: cc cO cc: buttons ccc form ccc

Visual Basic c:Dc: cc Records c_co c:c_c cO (Add) o. ccco Records .coc
cO (Edit) c: ccco Records cc cO (Delete) cco c:c:c. c. c:c c.DS c.
(Reading Material) c_o c_o: coo.
Visual Basic c:cSc cc .cc c.:c:cc.S ccco _ Project cc Dc+c cc coo. c.DS
c.. c_ cco c Data Environment Window c_ c:c Connection1 cc Command1
c_ Properties .coc cc coo.
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o Form cc c. cc.: c:c c:c.. I0.I8.8 c:Oo.Oc` .Oo cco c:c.
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Project cc ccco (End) ccoo.
Add Button cc Double Click cc, Record ccc c_co c:c_c cO cc: c .cc ccco
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cO c:c:c.. Save Button cc Delete Button cc: .cc c:c_c ccoo.
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c.c .co.S cccS Oc coS c ocO:o:cOc co.:.S cc cOc cc: c:oS
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92
c:OoO 10.18.3
Group One

Group Two

Group Three

Group Four



93
c:OoO I0.I8.4
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1) .cc c.:c:cc.S ccco _ Project
cc Dc+c cc coo.
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cc Oc Click cc c:_ Project cc Double Click ccoo.`
2) Project Explorer Window c_ c:c Data Environment1 Oc
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3) Data Environment1 Window c_ c:c Connection1 Oc
Right Click cc Properties .c:c: coo.
4) Data Link Properties Window c_ c:c Advanced Tab Oc
Click ccoo. cD. .coco Access Permission List c.co
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5) Data Environment Window c_ c:c Command1 Oc Right Click cc Properties .c:c: coo.
cOD. cco. co Window cc Oc c:c Advance Tab Oc Click ccoo.
Lock Type List cc c_o 3 - Optimistic .c:c: .co Ok Button Oc Click ccoo.

6) Project Explorer Window c_ c:c frmEmployee Form cc Oc Double Click ccoo.
7) c_co Command Button 8 c Form cc c_. c:c_c cc .co ccc cco c Properties
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94
Control Name Caption
Command 1 cmdadd Add
Command 2 cmdsave Save
Command 3 cmddelete Delete

cD. Form cc ccc c cco. .D.

8) Add Button Oc Double Click cc ccc cco .cc (Code) c:c_c ccoo.

DataEnvironment1.rsCommand1.AddNew
End Sub

9) cO c:c:c..O Save cc Delete Button Oc Double Click cc ccc cco .cc (Code)
c_.c_o c:c_c ccoo.

Private Sub cmdSave_Click()
DataEnvironment1.rsCommand1.Update
End Sub

Private Sub cmdDelete_Click()
DataEnvironment1.rsCommand1.Delete
End Sub

10) Project cc c.:cOc cc .OO Button Click cc c_co . ocoo.

c.co
Delete Button cc ccc Click cc o:cc ccc Click cco D. Error Message ccc cco. .D.
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c:_ Click Event cc ccc c .coc cc coo.

Private Sub cmdDelete_Click()
DataEnvironment1.rsCommand1.Delete
DataEnvironment1.rsCommand1.Update
MsgBox (" Program will be terminated to effect the refreshment of the table." )
Unload Me
End Sub



95
c:OoO 10.19.1



96
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97
c:OoO 10.19.3
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98
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4) Project cc. c_c Form ccc c:c_c ccoo.
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5) Form c.c oO Frmgrid ._c oS cc Save ccoo.


100
6) Tool Box c.c Data Grid Oc Click cc Form c.c Data Grid cc c: coo. (ccc c:c..
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7) Contacts Table c.c c:c Records cco. cO. ccc. c Data Grid cc ccc ccoo. c
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101
11) Form cc Save cc ccc c:c.. coO. Startup Object cc ._c Frmgrid .c:c: Ok ccoo.
Project Properties

12) c:. c.co c.:cOc cc ccc co.S ccc_.c _c: coo.



102

c:OoO I0.20.I



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104
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108
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109
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18) o:cc Report Design Do..:c cc. .c:. Page Header .c:.c ._c_ cc.c c:c_c .c:.
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Mobile Phone
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110

19) o:cc c:cc:c Save ccoo. Program cc Run ccoo. Show Report Button cc Click
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111
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112
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Respiratory System - ccco c.c.



113
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Small Intestine - cc:oc.
Large Intestine - Oc:oc.



114
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115

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116
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117

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c:OoO II.2.2

Subject 2003 2004 2005 2006
Physics 22 18 15 20
Chemistry 23 19 24 26
Com. Maths 17 13 19 30
Biology 16 15 20 26
Agriculture 20 19 21 28
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Physics
Chemistry
Com. Maths
Biology
Agriculture


118

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135
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136
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137

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138
c:OoO I2.2.4

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139
c:OoO I2.8.I

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140
c:OoO I2.8.8

cc _c.c
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141
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142

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143

c.cc 4
cOc Chat Category List c.co .c:c: coo. c. ccc Enter Chat Room Click ccoo. cD.
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Start Programe Accessories Communication Net meeting

Call Tab Click cc New Call Select cc c:c. c.o coo.



144
ccoc.. Name .c: IP Address Type cc ccc. cSco.. _c: coo.

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145
c:OoO I8.I.I


Photoshop c:Dc..o c:.:c:c.c c.ccco. ccO.

c co.:.S 8 c. .c..
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146

c:OoO I8.I.2
c.DS c.
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c:co c:.:c:c o:cc ccc .c:. .o cc. c :oDS c:.:c:c c:_: c_ ccco. cc c:c c:c:c.
c .c:.ccc :c c:c. .Oc:o c_cc c c:.:c:c, _ccco c c:.:c:c .c: .coc .cco Oc .c:
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147

Photoshop Tools co:coO.

cc Tool ccc ...c Tools ccc.c c:c D. c Oc Right Click cc c.oc Tools _c:cc c:c.
_: - Marquee Tool Oc Right Click cc c ...c c:c Rectangular Marquee Tool cc. cOccc
c.oc Elliptical, Single Row .c: Single Column .o Marquee Tools _c:cc c:c.

The Marquee Tools
DD. c:..o ._c .S .c:.cc Select cO. ..:.. .S Oco cccc .c:.cc, ccOc ._c, .c.c
c:c:c.. .c: cc:cc c:c:c.. Select cS c c:c.

The Move Tool
Ot c:.:c:c.O .c: Select c_ .c:.cc Move cO. c:Dc: cc..

The Lasso Tool
Select cS cc: c:Dc: cc.. c:.c:c.c ccc. c:..c. .cO. Lasso Tool cc, .cc: ._c
Select cO. Polygon Lasso Tool cco c_. c:.cccc .cO. Magnetic Lasso Tool c:Dc:
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Magic Wand Tool
cO:o cco cccc .cO. c:Dc: cc..

The Crop Tool
c:.:c:c.c .c:.cc cc: cc cc c:oO. c:Dc: cc.

Healing Brush Tool
cc cc:o.c c:c cco .c: c:. .coc cc:o.c. c:oO. c:Dc: cc..



148

Patch Tool
cc c .c .c:.cc .c:c: c .c:.c. ccc. cco _c: O. ..:: co.

Clone Stamp Tool
.S c:oc c:c cco ccc:c. c c:c:c..O .coc c:oc. c:oO. c:Dc: cc..

Photoshop c_ cOco File ccc ccc.c

Bmp - .:c:c c: File ccc.c.

Gif - .:c:c c. OD.Oc c:c ccoc c:~c cc: _Dc File ccc.c.

Jpeg - Web c. c:cc.S cc:. ccc. c:.:c:c cc: .OO File ccc. c:Dc: cc..
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Psd - Photoshop c_ ocO:o. cco File ccc jpeg .c: gif c:o File ccc ._c
Save c_ D. c. o:cc .coc cS cc: c:Dc: cO cccc .c.. psd .o
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Undo/Redo
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cc. ccc D.c Undo c_ c:c. oOc Photoshop c_ Undo cc ccc cOoc Redo cc ccc
cOoc c_ c:c.

History Palette c:Dc.
Windows Menu c.c History Palette .c:c: co o. .Oc c cco _ c.:c:ccS Record D ccco
c:c. c. c:cc _c: cc .c cccc:cc .O.o .c:c: cc c:c.

Layers c:Dc.
Photoshop c_ c: c:cc .c:.cc ._c Layers c:oD. c:c. c:.:c:c.c .c:.c ccc.c c:c
D. cc: Layers Oc cc ... .S c_c cc.c:..c _c: c:oO. Photoshop Sample c_ c:c Flower
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File Open Program File Adobe Photoshop

Sample Flower Open

:o Layer Palette cc Open D o:coS Window Layers Oco Layer Palette cc
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149

Layer Palette c.c _. Tab c_ Layers .oo select D c:c :. c_oo.

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Layers co. o:coS
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Tool Palette Oco Gradient Tool cc .c:c: coo. Menu cc. .o c:c Option Bar c.co
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Tool Palette Oco Type Tool cc .c:c: coo. :o c..D Click cc c_c c Information
Technoloty Club ._c Type ccoo.
Text cc c:c Layer Click cc Ctrl + T Press ccoo. :o Text c.c Dc:_cc., ccc.
c .coc cc Enter ccoo.

Photoshop Sample c_o Palm Tree(File) c:.:c:c. Dc+c ccoo.

File Open Program File Adobe Photoshop Sample



150

Text cc ccc Layer c.c Right Click cc Rasterize Layer .c:coo.
Magic Wand Tool cc Click cc Shift cc Press cc.co cc.oc ccc: Oc Click ccoo.
cD. Ot Text cc Select cc cc c:c. Rasterize Layer .c:c: o:cc .O. c_ cO.
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Edit Paste into Oco cocc. Paste ccoo. :o c.c Text cc. c:.:c:c..
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Layer Layer Style Blending Option .oo. Bevel and Emboss Click ccoo.
c.occ .coccS cc c:.:c:c.. c _co .coc cS occo. ccoo.

c:co cocc.c c.ccco. cO.

Oco Old Image Open ccoo.

File Save as Oco .coc oOco Save ccoo.
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Healing Brush Tool Oco Edit cO.oO Healing Brush Tool Select ccoo. :o Alt Oco
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cc Tool c.c ocO:oc_cc. cOc c_c c c:Dc: cc c:.:c:c. c_c c:.:c:c.c cc. cc
ccoo.



151

cocc.c. ccc cocc.c .c:.cc ccc cO.
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File Save as Oco cO cocc 2cO .coc oS c_o Save cc coo.
c:c:c: co c.c Click ccoo.
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Cacsel ccoo.
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Select co c:c.
Edit Copy .oo.
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c:c:c: .c:D.c .o c:cc. c:.co c:c. .S .Oo c.c c:c c.oc Option c_ c.:c:cc.
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c7. .c..
:o Alt Key cc cOc c:c:c: Oc Click cc Drag ccoo.
Ctrl + T Oco c:c:c: c.: ccoo. Selection cc c.o cO. Enter ccoo. :o c:c: c:.:
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ccco ccoo.



152
c:OoO I8.2.I


DO:o cSDcco.c (2D Animation) ocO:o. cco c:c:c. .co coO.

c co.:.S cccc. .c.o ccc ccc c:c cSDcco c:c:c co c._O co.:.Sc_.
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c. ocO:o. .c:. c:c cSDcco File c...o. ccoo.
c ocO:o. c_ .c ccDcco.. c:_c (Target File) ccc c.:c:ccS c_ ...oo.
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cc c:c cc: cco c.c co.:.O. ccc: c:c c.:c:ccO. c:_ cc: c_o: coo.
Layer ccc. c.: c:Dc: .c:. c.c cSDcco. ocO:o. ccoo.
c:cc c:co: cc c.co ..:oo.
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153

c:OoO I8.2.2
c.D.S c.

Flash Mx ccc: Ococ (Interface)

Toolbox Layers Timeline The Stage Panels

Property Inspector

ccc: Oco.c .S c.cc c coS c. oc:c cc c:oO. ccc c.cc cocOo. ccoo.

Window Panel Sets Default Layout

Stage - cSDcco.. c:_ ocO:o:cOc . c_ cco.. Stage cc
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154

Tool Box - cSDcco. ocO:o. cO. ccc. Tools, Tool Box cc c_
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The Time Line
c.c ocO:o.. c:c .c_ c:_.c cOc c:ccDO. Time Line cc _cc: .D.

Layers
cc Oc c.co DoD .c.oo .c:_ ccc.c cco Oc: coo. .Sc: .c _o c:_ D. cc: cc.oc
Oc c: c.co . c. .c.oo c:c. Layers ccc.c cccc .o .Oc:o ccOc.

cc Layer ccc c_ cco .coccS c.oc Layers c_. c_ .o:c:o c:c.

c_c Layer ccc c:oO
Insert Layer
c_c Layer ccc ccc c_ D. c. o. Select D c:c Layer cc. _o cc.o ccc c. Active
Layer cc ._c c.: cc..

Layer ccc cc cO (Delete)
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Layer ccc oO .coc cO.
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Property Inspector
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Key Frames
Key Frame ccc .o Frame cccO co ccc D.cccc. co.. c.c ocO:o.. .S .cocc c_ c
.c co.o Key Frame ccc Oc c. DO.. Time Line c.c c_ c:. ccco Key Frame ccc
.coco _c..

Time Line c.c c:c Frame c: Key Frame cOc c:. cO
Time Line c.c Frame c: Key Frame ccc:co Frame c_ cc.c: c:c DD. Object Movie cc
c_ .c.oo c:c:c. ccc c_ c:c.

Frame c: Key Frame c_. ccc cco .c_ c_c_ c:c.
Insert, Select, Delete and Move
c_c Layer ccc. .c: ccO Layer cc c_ Drag cO.
Copy, Paste
Key Frame ccc Frame ccc cc. cc cO.
Key Frame ccc. Library c.c c. .Oc ccc cO. c. Stage cc. O.

Time Line cc. Frames ccc cO. ccc So:O c.ccc ccc: c_ c:c.

Insert Frame (Frame ccc cc:)
Insert Key Frame (Key Frame cc:)
Insert Blank Frame (cc Frame cc:)

Key Frame .c: Frame cc cO.
ccc. Frame cc .c: Frame c.c.:c .c:coo.


155
Insert Remove Frame

Line, Ovals cc Rectangles c:O.
Tool Box c.co Line, Ovals .c: Rectangle Tool cc .c:coo. .Sc:.. DD. Properties .coc
cO. Property Inspector cc c:Dc: c_ c:c.

_: Fill Color, Stroke Color

Rectangle c_ Corner Shape .coc cO. Rounded Rectangle Modifier (Rectangle Tool cc
Select D c:c D. Tool Box c.c .. .coc..` c:Dc: c_ c:c.

.S cc: cc Click cc Corner Radius cc. .oo. 7._c .o cccc O_ (Square Corner) .D.

Oval c: Rectangle c:.S Shift cc cOc co D. cOcccc.c .c: ccOc c:. c:c.

Line Tool cc cc: Shift c:Dc: c_ D. c.cc 4o 4. c:. c:c.

Free Transformation Tool
Free Transformation Tool cc c:Dc: .c:. DD. .coc cS c_ c:c. _:cco ._c c:cc:DO,
cO:o. .coc cO, c:.. .coc cO.
ccc. Object cc Select ccoo.
Free Transformation Tool c.c Click ccoo.
Select D c:c c.c. ccc: Mouse Pointer cc cOo ccco Mouse Pointer .c c_co
.coc DO occo. ccoo.
c c cccc:c_ c_co .cocDS .cc:S coo.

Eraser Tool
cocc. .c:.c O:cO. Eraser Tool cc c:Dc: c_ c:c. .S cc: Eraser Mode cc c:Dc: cO.
Eraser cc Select c cc Tool Box c.c ccc c:c Eraser Mode Oco .ccS c_ c:c. Eraser
Normal, Eraser Fill c: ._c`

Publishing (Export Movie)
c.c cSDcco. oOc cc c. Flash File ccc ._c ccc. Flash File cc Web c.cc. cSco.
.o:cco ccc c cc: c Oco c:: coo: Movie File cc c:Dc: c_ .c..

.S cc: File Export Movie c:Dc: ccoo.

Flash File cc fla Extension cc Movie File cc swf Extension cc ccc. .. Flash Movie
cc .coc c_ .c.DoS c cc: fla File cc ccc..D.
swf File cc .coc c_ .o:c:c.

Frame-by Frame Animation
FLASH cco. Animate cO. _cc:c ccO.

1) ctc Flash Document ccc coo.
2) Text Tool cc Select cc Stage c.c Click c.Oo cc F ccc Type
ccoo.
3) Time Line c.c .co Frame c.c Click ccoo.
4) Key Frame ccc Ooo. (Insert Key Frame)
5) .co Key Frame c.c Click cc c. Select ccoo.
6) Text Tool cc Select cc Stage cc Oc Click cc L ccc Type ccoo.
7) cc c.c_ cocOo. cco A, S, H ccc: Type ccoo.
8) o cc Key Frame ccc.c O: ccc Blank Frame ccc.c Ooo.
9) Stage c.c Click cc Property Inspector cc c:Dc: .c:. Frame Rate


156
cc ccc ._c ` coo.
10) Save c.Oo cc Control Test Movie Oco c.c ocO:o. c_oo.

Shape Tweening (Objects)

1) c_c Flash Document ccc .co cc ccOc coo. c.D c (Stroke)
cc ccoo.
2) Dcco (20) Frame c.c Click cc Blank Frame ccc ..:oo.
Insert Blank Frame
3) o c.c Stage cc Oc cccc c. .o:c:c.
4) o Stage cc Oc .c:.cc coo. .Oc c.. cc ccoo.
5) Time Line c.c Frame I c. I0 ccc Click cco .S cO:cc ccO
ccco cc occo. ccoo.
6) cO Frame c.c Click ccoo.
7) Property Inspector c.c Tween Property cc None c. Shape cc:
.coc ccoo.

8) Time Line c.c c:. .cocDOc c occo. c_: c. _: .c:_ c:.
co c:c.
Motion Tween c_ o_ c:. co c:c.`
9) Save ccoo. Control Test Movie
10) Movie cc co c.O c_co ._c .coc cco.o .c.c . c_O. cO
Key Frame c.c Right Click cc Copy .c:coo.
11) 40 co Frame c.c Right Click cc Paste Click ccoo.
12) 20 co Frame c.c Right Click cc Property Inspector cc c:Dc: .c:.
Tween cc Shape ._c coo.
13) Save cc c.:cOc ccoo.

Motion Tween (Symbols)

1) c_c Document ccc .co ccOc coo. Arrow Tool cc c:Dc: .c:.
c. Stage c.c c_o ccoo.
2) Arrow Tool cc c:Dc: .c:. ccO Select ccoo. O_ ccOO Select D
c7O coc:c. cc c_coo.
3) Insert Convert to Symbol
4) Behavior Option cc Graphic ._c c:c. c_oo.



157

5) Symbol cc. oOc .oo.

6) Insert Key Frame Oco Frame 30 c_ Key Frame ccc Ooo.
7) c_O Key Frame c.c Click cc Tween cc Motion ._c coo.
Time Line c.c cc cc _:c.o:c c Symbol ccc ._c cco _ .coc
cO ccScco D. .c.. c.c oS o:cc ccoo.
8) Insert Key Frame Oco I co Frame c.c Key Frame ccc
Ooo.
9) Arrow Tool cc c:Dc: .c:. Symbol cc Stage c.c cc. .co coo.
Shift cc cOc Move c_.c:c .c_oO cc_. cc c:c`
10) Save cc c.:cOc ccoo.
(ControlTest movie)


158
c:OoO I8.8.2


cc. .c:occ (Audio File) ocO:o. ccO.

c. c:c cc _c.c .c:o c.c: .cc:S coo.
c Dco c.: .c .cc ccc c_ .cc c:c. c cc: c.: .c .cc cc.: coo.
cc: ccc .c:. A c: B ._c .co .coO Save ccoo.
A File c.c c. .co ccoo.
cc .Dc. 200% co c: ccoo.
B File cc. .:.c:c. ccc ccoo.
A File c.c cO .c_. cc .c:. c. C ._c Save ccoo.
cO A File c.cO ccc:o .c_. cc .c:. c. D oo Save ccoo.
B File c.c c c:Oc O:o .c:.cc .co c. E ._c Save ccoo.
cc cOo .c: File .cc cc.oc cSco. ccoo.
coo.

c:OoO I8.8.8

cc _c.c

Sound Recorder cc c:Dc: cO.

Sound Recorder cc c:Dc: .c:. c. cS. ccc cO, .coc cO, .:co. cO (Play), cS.
ccc cO c:. c_ c:c.

Sound Recorder cc c:Dc: cO
Sound Recorder cc c:cSc cO cc:
Start All Programs Accessories Entertainment
Sound Recorder
Sound Recorder cc c:Dc: cO. Sound card ccc c: Speakers c7. .c.. ccc
cO cc: Micro Phone ccc..D.

ccc cO
1) Microphone ccc c:Dc: c_ .c..
2) File New
3) ccc cO c:cSc cO. Click ccoo.
4) ccco cO. Click ccoo.
5) Save ccoo.

.:co. (Play) cO
1) File Open Oco c. ccc. File cc .c:c: coo.
2) Click cc .:co. ccoo.

3) Oco occ ccoo.

.coc cO


159
.c:.cc Oc: O
File Open
c. cc cO. ccc. c.c.. Slider cc .co .oo.
Edit Delete Before Current Position .c: Delete After Current Position
.c:coo.

Sound File ccc cO.
File Open
Sound File cc ccc c_ .c c:o. Slider cc .co .oo.
Edit Mix With File
ccc c_ .c File cc .c:coo.

Sound File ccc. DD. .coccS ccc cO
.:.c:c. ccc cO
File Open
Effects Add Echo

.Dc. .coc cO
File Op en
Effects Increase Speed (by 100%) .c: Decrease Speed .c:coo.

c. .coc cO
File Open
Effects Increase Volume (by 25%) .c: Decrease Volume .c:coo.

c:cc .:co. cO
File Op en
Effect Reverse
o .:co. cc (Play) c_oo.



160
c:OoO I4.8.I


.cS c. ocO:o. cO cc: HTML c:Dc: ccO.

c.D.S c. c:Dc: .c:. .c:ccc: cDO cc: c:Dc: cco HTML Tags c:o cc.c:..
_c: coo.
A c: B ._c HTML Files .cc c. _:.co c:c.
c.c c:c.. co.. A File cc, B File cc c:c:c.. .coc cO..
MS Internet Explorer c:Dc: .c:. A c: B File .cO Dc+c ccoo.
File .c c.coo. cc .coccS c.co cccoo.
A File cc B File cc c:c:c.. .coc cO. ccc. co HTML Tags c.D.S c. Oco .c:.:
coo.
A File cc. c:_ Source Code _c: coo.
c.D.S c. c:Dc: .c:. A File cc B File cc ._c .coc cO. c:_, c .c:.:cc HTML
Tags c:Dc: .c:. c:_ .coc cS ccoo.
ccc:o.. A File cc Save cc occ Browser cc c:Dc: .c:. c:_ .coccS oc:cc c_D
c:c. c_oo.
c:c. ccc:o.. c.c .co.S cc cS Oc coSc ocO:ocOc co.:.S ccc cOc
cc: c:oS coo.

c:OoO I4.8.2

c.D.S c.

HTML File ccc c_o:coO

HTML Oco Hyper Text Markup Language .o o .ccc cc..
HTML .cS c. ocO:o. ccO. c:Dc: cco c:c:cc
HTML File ccc Text File ccc co ccc cc c.: Markup Tags cocccc .D.
Web Browser c.co Page cc .coco c:c:c. Markup Tags Oco cc..
HTML File ccc Extension cc htm .c: html D. .c..
Text Editor ccc c:Dc: .c:. HTML File ccc ocO:o. c_ c:c.
HTML cO._co c:c:cc (Programming Language) .o:.D.

HTML Elements c: HTML Tags
HTML File ccc HTML Elements c: Tags c_o cOoDc .c.. _:cco.c ._c HTML c_ ccc:
Bold cO. <b> Tag ccc cc .c_.c cc: <br> Tag ccc ..:.. .Sc:.. c_.c_o b, br .o o
HTML Elements .D.

HTML Tags c:cSc.. < ccc:o.. > ...o ccc .Sc: Angle Brackets ._c c_oc..

c:O:o...o Tags .c_ ._c ccc. _: - <b> cc </b>
cO Tag cc Start Tag cc ._c .c:oo End Tag cc ._c c_oc..
.S .c ccc ccco Text, Element Content ._c c_oc..
HTML Tags, Case Sensitive .o:.D. coS <b> c: <B> Oco ccO Tag cc oc:co. .D.
Browser cc. Tag ccc c_o:cc .o:c:c oS c. .o:c_c: c.



161

O_c HTML Tags

Tag
Dccc.
<html> HTML File ccc c:cSc. cc.
<body> HTML File ccc cocccc.. c:cSc. cc.
<h1> to <h6>
O:c+c: ccc 0c oc:co. cc. I-0`
<p>
.c.c c:cSc. oc:co. cc.
<br> cc .c.c _c: ... .S Tag c.c .coc cccc
c:c_c .o:.D. (empty tag)
<hr>
ccc cc _c: ..
 Web c..D .o:.coco ..c cc: ..:.
<li> _.cccc (List) c:O. ..:.
<ol>
c.c ccc _.cccc c:.
<ul>
c.c ccc _.cccc c:.
<a>
ccc .Oc. cSco..c oc:co. cc.

HTML File ccc c.c.
_:cco I

<html>
<head>
<title>This is a test</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>A sample paragraph showing format</p>
</body>
</html>

ccc c:c .c:.c Notepad c Type cc File Name .c:..D mypage.htm ._c type cc, Save as
type c_. All Files .c:c: Save ccoo.
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of page</title>
</head>
<body>
This is my first homepage. <b>This text is bold</b>
</body>
</html>
Browser cc Dc+c ccoo. (Internet Explorer)

File Open

o _:.co Dialog Box c.co Browse .c:c: c Save c_ File cc _c: coo. cD. c.c File
cc. c:_ _co. (Address) Dialog Box cc c_. _:.co c:c. o Ok Click c_ D. c.c c.c
Browser cc c_o c. c:c.



162
_:cco 2

<html>
<body>
<b>This text is bold</b>
<br>
<strong>This text is strong</strong>

<br>
<big>This text is big</big>

<br>
<em>This text is emphasized</em>

<br>
<i>This text is italic</i>

<br>
<small>This text is small</small>

<br>
This text contains
<sub>
subscript
</sub>
<br>
This text contains
<sup>superscript</sup>
</body>
</html>
Browser cc c_o co c:c:c.
This text is bold
This text is strong
This text is big
This text is emphasized
This text is italic
This text is small
This text contains
subscript

This text contains
superscript

Tables
Table ccc cc: <table> Tag cc c:Dc: cc.. Table ccc .c_ (Row) cocccc co ccc .c_
Data Cell c_o cOo Dc .D. .c_ cc: <tr> Tag cc Data Cell cc: <td> Tag cc ..:.. td
Oco Table Data oc:co. cco ccc Data Cell ccc ccc: cocc .c c: .c_ c7. c:c.



163
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
</table>

row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2

Table ccc c:c cc .c:.
Table ccc cc .c:. ccco D. .c:.c: D. Browser ccc c. oc:cc .o:.coc..

<table border="1">
<tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table>
row 2, cell 1

Table Tags

Tag
Dccc.
<table> Table ccc oc:co. cc..
<th> Table c.c O:c+c:c cc: c:Dc: cc..
<tr>
cc: oc:co. cc..
<td> Table c.c .c:.cc cc..



164

HTML Layout
cccc c.c_ c:c cc: c:c:c.. ccc .OO .c:.c c co.o co cc:.c..
c_ Web c. cc. occ cO.D.

.S c:c:c.. ccc cc c:oO. cc_c HTML <table> Tag cc Oco .cS
c:Dc: co cO.c. HTML Tables c.cc .O._c .c:.c .cc. .co c_ c:c.

.OO cc:o c co.. cc: .cc. .Oc Table c.c Border cc c
.c: ccc c_ c:c:c.. .o .o:co c:c.

c co ._c .Oc co cc cc:cc c cc: <table border="0">._c .c: <table> ._c
c: cScc cc:cc c:c. ... c:c.

_:.cc (HTML Lists)
c.c ccc _:.cc (Ordered Lists)
c.c ccc _:.cc (Unordered Lists)
Dccc ccc _:.cc (Definition Lists)

List Tags

Tag
Dccc.
<ol>
c.c ccc _:.cccc cc.
<ul>
c.c ccc _:.cccc cc.
<li>
_:.cc.D c:c cc c.cO.c cc.
<dl>
Dccc ccc _:.cccc cc.
<dt>
Dccc .c.co c.cO. cc.
<dd>
Dccc. cc.

c.c ccc _:.cc
_:.cc.D c.cO c.c cccc cc.. <ol> Tag c.co c:cSc cc.. c.cO.c <li> Tag c.co
c:cSc.D.

<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>
1. Coffee
2. Milk



165

c.c ccc _.cc
.OO c.cO Bullet cOc cc.. <ul> Tag c.co c:cSc.D. c:O c.cO.cO <li> Tag c.co
c:cSc.D.

<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
Coffee
Milk

cc _:.cc ..cO c.cO c_. .c, c:c c:. c:c_c c_ c:c.

Dccc ccc _:.cc
.O. c.cO _:.cccc .o:co ccc cco _:.cccc c: cc:.. Dccc c..cc _:.cccc. <dl> Tag
c.co c:cSc.D. <dt> Dccc .c.co c.cO. c:cSc cc.. <dd> Tag c.co Dccc. c:cSc co
ccc .S c_. .c, c:c c:. c:c_c c_ c:c.

<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>Black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>White cold drink</dd>
</dl>
Coffee
Black hot drink
Milk
White cold drink

HTML Links
.coc c.cc c: cSco. cO. HTML c_ Hyper Links c:Dc: .D.

Hyper Links c:O
.S cc: <a> Tag cc c:Dc: cc.. .S Oco HTML c.cc c:c.c cc. .c: +c. ccc (Sound,
Movie) File c:. cSco. c_ c:c.



166
Syntax cc ccc c .D.
<a href="url">Text to be displayed</a>

href Oco Link cc. c:_ _co. .cooS cc.. ccc O: ccco Text cc Hyper Link cc ._c
c.: cc..

ccco w3schools Web c.D. cc: Link cc cc..
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/">Visit W3Schools!</a>

Browser c.c Link cc ccc c c.D.

Visit W3Schools!

HTML Document ccc. Link ccc c:O

<html>
<body>
<p>
<a href="lastpage.htm">
This text1</a>is a link to a page on this Web site.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://www.microsoft.com/">
This text2</a>is a link to a page on the World Wide Web.
</p>
</body>
</html>

This text1 Oco Web site cc c_ link ccc cco ccc This text2 .coc Web ccc. Link ccc
cc..

Image ccc Link ccc ._c ..:: c:oO

<html>
<body>
<p>
You can also use an image as a link:
<a href="lastpage.htm">
<img border="0" src="buttonnext.gif" width="65" height="38">
</a>
</p>
</body>
</html>


167
You can also use an image as a link:

XML (Extensible Markup Language)
.c:_ .c:ccc: c:c+c (Common Information Formats) ocO:o. cO. c:Dc: co c: cc c: cO
c:c+c World Wide Web c_ .c:_.D c:Dc: cO. c:c ccc cO.c.

XML c: HTML ccc .coc
HTML .coc. c:Dc: co cO.c .o:.D.
cc.oc. .coc ccOo .co.co .Sc: ocO:o. cc c:c.
o HTML cc ccco. cco c:c:c. :cDO. ..:: c:.oo ccc, XML cc Dccc
cO. cc coo.Do. ccO. ..::c:.o.
XML c_ Programmer . ccc. c Tags c:Dc: cc.S cccc c:c.
ccc c:c XML Document cc c_oo.
<xml>
<HEAD><title>Message of the Day</title></HEAD>
<body>
<name>Saman</name>
<address1>123, </address1>
<address2>Kadawata</address2>
</body>
</xml>



168
c:OoO I4.4.I


cc .cS c.D.c .c ccO.

c co.:.S 8 c. .c..
c:c c.DS c. c...o. ccoo.
.cS c.D.c .c cO cc: ccc. . ccc cco _:.cc cc ccoo.
.cS c.D.c .c cO cc: c.cc _:.cc cc ccoo.
.cDS c_o .c:cc .cS c.Dcc.: c c:c cc:o (Free Web Hosts) .c:.: _:.cccc
ccoo.

c:OoO I4.4.2

c.DS c.

.cS c.cc ccc :cDO
coccc:_.. c:cD. c:c HTML c_o _.o _ _.D__c. .cS c.c_ Text, Graphics,
Animations c: Hyperlinks cocccc .D. c:O .cS c.cc.O cc. _co.c c:c. c. URL ._c
(Uniform Resource Locator) oS cc c:c.

.cS c.D.c ccc :cDO
ccO Domain o:O.c ...c c:c .cS c. cOc.c .c: ccccc .O.o c:o.D. .cS c.D.c .c
ccO. ccc :c.co O_c c.c 8 c:c_c D. .c..

A domain name
A web site
A web host
Domain o:O. .o .cS c.D.. _co...
_:cco ._c
www.yahoo.Com .o Domain o:O.c. Web Browser .. Address .c:..D Domain o:O. _.: Go
c_c c D. c:_ .cS c.D.. Home Page cc, Web Browser Window c _:.S.

IP Address .o cOc
coccc:_.. cSco. D c:c c:O .oc.c.O coo. c c_o:c:o.S c.c.c c:c. c. IP Address
._c c:o.D.
_:cco.
2I0.2.0I.I8

c:O:o...o IP Address ccc cc c:c:c.. .D. oOc ccoc. cSco.c: cccco.o Binary
c:c:c.... coS
II000II00.000II0II.00IIII0I.I000I00I

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
URL .o coccc:_.. c:ccD. c:c coo. _co.c c:c File ccc.
_: - http://www.nie.lk/page/cource.html

Domain Name
coccc:_.. c:c .cS c.D c_o: coo: coo. o:O.c. .Oc cc c_o .co cco _ .c:.c 2 c
.c: c: cooc c:c.
_: - www.kansasmedicane.com
Web Server
Web Server .o Web Sites cc.:cc c:c cccoc... c:O Web Server ccc.O IP _co.c c:
Domain o:O.c c:c.


169

coccc:_ .cc: cc.oo: (Internet Server Provider - ISP)
ISP .o coccc:_ ccccS _c: .o c:.co... cOco cO:.c .c:c_c ccoc.. c. co .c
ccoc c:_.. c: coccc:_.. cSco. DO. cccc:c c_c:..

Web Hosting
cO: ccc cccc.c .o:O:c co cc_.o. .c: cO:cSc_., cO .cS c.D. coccc:_. Oco
.coc c.. _c:cc c:c co c:c:c.. cc.: ccO. ccc. cccc ccccS cc.o c:.co.c.

.cS c.D.c .c cco c:c:c.
.cS c.cc .c cO. Web Host .c.oc ccc..D. c_co .cS c. c:o.oc. .O. cc.:cc. .D.
Web Host c:.co.. coccc:_. c: cccc cSco. D c:c ccoc c7. .c.. c Dco ocO:o.
cco _ .cS c.c .c: c. Web Hosting c:.co.. _c: . .c..

World Wide Web c cc:c cO cc: ccc. c.cc (www)
1. HTML c:Dc: cc c.c .cS c.D. ocO:o. cO.

2. www Server (Web Host) Oc c.c _.D_ cc.: cO. cccc c:oO.

3. cScco cco _ .c:ccc: Web Server . Transfer cO.



170
c:OoO I.I.I

.cc

cO:_ - _c_ .: :cc c.c:._ cccc :_ c..o c:oc cc

_c_ - .: c.o.o cc c c:o cco c:oc cc

cO:_ - cc cO. c.c ccoc cc cco _ c ccc:cc c:o cco.o

_c_ - c: D. OOc c c:.o.. c.:

cO:_ - c.cO cc.c c c:o c.: .oc _c_

_c_ - .c:. c c:.o. c.c cc ccc. cSco. cc_ c..o.o. cco c. .c.oc O:c
cOc c:co.c. cc coo. c. cc.c O.c c. c:c_ c:._:c .:c:cc c:__c:.
cc.c:. O.c c.D c..o .c_ c_cc ccoc cc.c c.co co:. c Oco O.c
cc_ c..o c_c:, c:__S, O:_.S c: D_c:Oc c_ .c:c c.S :. :c coo.
_:co:.

cO:_ - c: .. .c:.. cc. c .c:c. cScooc cc: c:oO c:o c:cc .c:ccc: c:c.c
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c:OoO I.I.2


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