ENGINE ROOM WASTE MANAGEMENT

OILY WATER AND SEPARATORS A VIDEOTEL PRODUCTION

in association with

THE STEAMSHIP MUTUAL UNDERWRITING ASSOCIATION [BERMUDA] LTD

The Producers would like to acknowledge the assistance of THE MASTER, OFFICERS AND CREW OF ARKLOW WIND THE STAFF OF THE NATIONAL MARITIME COLLEGE OF IRELAND A&P Falmouth Arklow Shipping Ltd The Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO] BW Shipping Managers Dobson Fleet Management Dorchester Atlantic Marine Ltd Essar Shipping Limited Fafa lios Ltd Fairmont Shipping [UK] Ltd Hamworthy plc Hanseatic Shipping Company Hong Kong Shipowners Association International Maritime Organization (IMO] ISM Solutions Inc The Institute of Marine Engineering [IMarEST] INTERTANKO The Maersk Company Ltd Maritime and Coastguard Agency [MCAI OCIMF OM I Corporation Paris MOU Shell International Trading & Shipping Co. Ltd Tanker Pacific Management [Singapore] Pte Ltd United States Coast Guard (USCG) Vela International Marine Ltd V Ships UK Ltd Wallem Ship Management

CONSULTANTS: Sir William Codrington, Professor Jon Wonham, Bill Cooper PRODUCER: Peter Wilde WRITER: Pat Mitchell DIRECTOR : Chris Setchell

WARNIN G Any unauthorised copying, lending, exhibition, diffusion, sale, public performance or other exploitation of the accompany ing video is strictly prohibited and may result in prosecution.

COPYRIGHT Videotel 2007

This video and accompanying workbook training package is intended to reflect the best ava ilable techniques and practices at the time of production. It is intended purely as comment. No responsibility is accepted by Videotel, or by any firm, corporation or organisation who or which has been in any way concerned with the production or authorised translation, supply or sale of this video for accuracy of any information given hereon or for any omission herefrom .

ENGINE ROOM WASTE MANAGEMENT OILY WATER AND SEPARATORS

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INTRODUCTION HOW TO RUN THE PROGRAMME - PART 1

Introduction

8
8 8
9

2 The video 3 Points from the video 4 Sources - leaks etc 5 Sources - cleaning
6 Summary

10 10

HOW TO RUN THE PROGRAMME - PART 2

1 Introd ucti on 2 The video
3 How the separator and oil content monitor work

11
11

11 12
15
16

4 Operat ion of the separator

5 Maintenance 6 Security

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7 The new generation of separators 8 Summary

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18

HELPFUL QUESTIONS - PART 1 AND 2 APPENDIX RESOURCES AND FURTHER READING

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ENGINE ROOM WASTE MANAGEMENT OILY WATER AND SEPARATORS

VIDEOTEL PR ODUCTIONS

THE ENGINE ROOM WASTE MANAGEMENT SERIES

This training programme on Oily Water and Separators is one of a series of four covering different aspects of engine room waste management. The other three cover, The Oil Record Book, Sewage and Waste Water Treatment, and Sludge and the Incinerator respectively. Each of the four programmes consists of a video and an accompanying guide.

TARGET AUDIENCE AND FORMAT

The programme is designed for all engine room personnel. It is in two parts, each of which is led by a senior engineer officer. Each part begins with a brief introduction . The group then watch a video which lasts about fifteen minutes. They then discuss the points raised in the video and relate these to the particular circumstances of their own ship .

EN GINE RO OM WAS TE MANAGEMENT OILYWATER AND SEPARATORS

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OBJECTIVES
Those taking part in the training programme will :

Identify typical sources of oily water Know how to minimise the amount of oily water reaching the bilges and control its content so that the oily water separator (OWSI and oil content monitor [OeMI are able to work properly Understand the working principles of the OWS and the OeM Understand important features of operating and maintaining the OWS. including some simple security precautions Learn about the new generation of separators designed to meet the standards specified in MEPC,107(49]
MEPC stands for "Marine Environment Protection Committee ". This is a committee of the International Maritime Organization - the IMO. The numbers simply tell us that this is the Committee's 1071h resolution, passed at their 49 lh session. The full title of the resolution is: "Revised guidelines and spec ifi cations for pollution prevention equipment for ma chinery spaces of ships". In addition to the usual introduction, explanation of the background and definitions, the resolution contains : Te chnical specification s Specifications for type approval testing of pollution prevention equipment Installation requirements Relate the issues covered in the programme to their own ship

THE PROGRAMME
PART 1 covers where oily water comes from . how to m ini mise the quantity reaching the bilges and how to control the content of the water so that the OWS and the OeM are able to function correctly PART 2 covers how the separator and the OeM work . how to operate and maintain them, simple security precautions and an outline of the new generation of separators
Each part of the programme is divided into sections . If you don 't have time to run all of either part, you can run some sections separately. For example, you could discuss operating the separator in one short training session and maintaining it in another. If you do, show the video in the first session and don't leave too much of a gap between sessions.

THE VIDEO
The video shows a conversation between an experienced engineer and a student who is nearing the end of her university degree in mechanical engineering and is considering a career at sea. The experienced engineer explains and discusses why it is important to handle oily water properly and how that is done . The video is in two parts, each lasting approximately 15 minutes .

EN GINE ROOM WASTE MANAGEMENT OILY WATER AN D SEPARATORS

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THE REGULATIONS
The appendix to the guide contains copies of the following regulations from MARPOL, Annex I:

Regulation 4: Exceptions Regulation 14: Oil filtering equipment Regu L ation 15: Control of the discharge of oil MEPC 54/21 , Annex 17

ENGINE ROOM WASTE MANAGEMENT OILY WATER AN D SEPARATORS

VID EOTEL PROOU CTIONS

PREPARATION FOR PART 1

If you will be leading the programme:

Watch PART 1 of the video Read the detailed notes suggesting how to run the programme Th ink about how the points raised relate to your ship (tor example, procedures for disposing of gas oil used for cleaning) Read MARPOL, Annex I, Regulations 14 and 15 Identify any specific actions which you would like those taking part to take once the programme is over. When you are leading the discussion, try to avoid telling the group what these are. Encourage them to come up with ideas. Add anything they have missed once they have done so. We have included examples of questions which you may want to use to encourage discussion

PREPARATION FOR PART 2

If you will be leading the progra m me:

Watch PART 2 of the video Read the detailed notes suggesting how to run the programme Think about how the points raised relate to your ship (for example, the procedure to be followed for cleaning the OWS once discharge is completed] Section 5 of the programme covers the planned maintenance system (PMS] for your ship 's separator. Decide how much detaiL you want to go into about this Review the fault List in your separator's manual and decide which items are a priority to discuss with those you will be training Identify any standing orders for the treatment of oiLy water which are specific to your ship If your company is likely to be installing new generation separators in the near future, find out what type these will be so that you are able to discuss them during the programme Identify any specific actions which you wouLd like those taking part to take once the programme IS over As with PART 1, try to make this sess ion a discussion rather than a lecture, using the examples of questions which we have provided if you think that these are helpful

ENGINE ROOM WAS TE MANAGEMENT OILY WATER AND SEPARATORS

VI DEOTEL PRODUCTION S

1 INTRODUCTION
Explain that:

This short training programme is about oily water It is in two part s. This part is about where oily water comes from . how to minimise its quantity and how to control its content so that the separator and oil content monitor are able to work properly. Part 2 covers how the separator and oil content monitor work. how to operate and maintain them, simple security precautions and an outline of the new generation of separators You will show them a video lasting about 15 minutes You will then lead a discussion about the points raised in the video . The main objective of this discussion is to identify and agree ways of handling oily water better on your ship . Stress that you want their ideas and suggestions
Remind the group that the discharge of oily water, whether through the separator or to shore based facil.ities, is strictly controlled by internationally agreed regulations and it is inspected by port state authorities. The limit for discharge at sea is 15ppm Iparts per million] and the ship must be en route during discharge.

Ask them if they know what 15ppm means . It is roughLy a coffee cup of oiL in 20m 3 of water.

2 THE VIDEO
Explain tha t the video shows a conversation between an engineer officer and a student who is nearing t he end of her university degree course in mechanical engineering and is has been asked by her professor to do a project on "reaL engineering" .
Show the video.

ENGINE ROOM WASTE MANAGEMENT OILY WATER AND SEPARATORS

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3 POINTS FROM THE VIDEO

Ask the group what they thought were the important points from the video. In summary these are:

There are many sources of oily water - such as Leaks, spills, overfLows and condensation Good housekeeping can reduce the quantity of oily water coming from many of these sources. A leak that drips every second can put 30 or 40 litres into the bilges in a day Cleaning is a particular issue Controlling the content, as well as the quantity, of the oily water that reaches the bilges is important. If it contains too much oiL t he separator may struggLe to cope with it. If it contains impurities such as soot, the OCM may not work properly

4 SOURCES - LEAKS ETC

Ask the group for suggestions about how to reduce the amount of oily water from leaks, spills and overflows Check that they understand and are following the procedures for handling items contaminated with oil - filters, oiLy rags and so on. Ask for any ideas about how to do this better Stress the importance of keeping as much oil as possible out of the bilges by, for example, carefully emptying drip trays Add any points for improvement which the group have not suggested

ENGINE ROOM WASTE MANAGEMENT OILY WATER AND SEPARATORS

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5 SOURCES - CLEANING
Discuss and identify improvements in the procedures for the following cleaning tasks:

Keeping bilges and holding tanks as clean as possible Preventing emulsifiers getting into the bilge water Clean ing the air cooler in the charge air receiver Disposing of gas oi l used for cleaning Handling water contaminated with soot from pressure wash ing the waste heat recovery unit in the fu nnel, while in port

6 SUMMARY
Summarise the action points which you have agreed. Agree a timescale for implementation.

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ENGINE ROOM WASTE MANAGEMENT OILY WATER AND SEPARATORS

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1 INTRODUCTION
Explain that:

PART 2 of this short training programme covers how t he separator and OeM work, how to operate and ma inta in t hem, including tackling faults, simple security precautions and an outline of the new generation of separators As in PART 1, you will show them a video lasting about 15 m inutes, followed by a discussion about the points raised in the video . The main objective of this discussion is to identify and agree ways of handling oily water better on your ship. Stress that you want their ideas and suggestions

2 THE VIDEO
Remind the group that the video shows a conversation between an eng ineer officer and a student who is nearing the end of her universi ty degree course in mechanical engineering and is cons idering a career at sea. In PART 1 they discussed the sources of oily water. In th is part they talk about how oiLy water is dealt with.
Show the video .

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ENGINE ROOM WASTE MANAGEMENT OILY WATER AND SEPARATORS

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3 HOW THE SEPARATOR AND OIL CONTENT MONITOR WORK

Check that those taking part understand the principles of how the separator and OCM work. Answer any questions they may have. Points to stress are:

Separation starts in the holding tank. Because oil and water have a different specific gravity, the static mixture of the two liqu ids in the tank will separate, with oil rising to the top, which from there can be drawn off into a waste oil tank. This lowers the concentration of oil in the water towards the bottom of the tank, making it easier for the separator to deal with The present generation of separators contain two stages:

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ENGINE ROOM WASTE MANAGEMENT OILY WATER AND SEPARATORS

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ENGINE ROOM WASTE MANAGEMENT OILYWATER AND SEPARATORS

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ENGINE ROOM WAS TE MANAG EMENT OILY WATER AN D SEPARATORS

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4 OPERATION OF THE SEPARATOR

The det ails t o cover in th is secti on w ill obvi ou sly depend on the make and mode l of the separato r on your sh ip. Find out wh ether t he group ever experience any probLem s w hen running the equ ipm ent. Ask for any suggesti ons they may have for improvem ents.

You may wish to stress the following general points which were covered in the video :

It is good practice to put the manufacturer's operating instructions in an easily visible position near the separator. Encourage those who operate the equipment to check the instructions, even if they have used it before . Sometimes even experienced operators can overlook something important At the end of each cycle whoever is operating the separator should back-flush the equipment with clean water. This cleans the filters in Stage 2 and removes any remaining oil from Stage 1. The separator should be Left full of clean water so that it is ready for the next time it is used At the beginning of each separat ion cycle it is important to zero test the water

oeM with

clean

At the beginning and end of each cycle it is essential to check the ship 's exact posit ion as this information must be entered in the Oil Record Book On many ships [yours?1 there is a float in the bilge ho lding tank wh ich will stop the separator running before the concentration of oil in the water becomes too great for it to cope with . If this is not the case on your sh ip, stress that the operator should estimate the amount of pumpable water in the system so that it can be shut down before the separator is flooded with concentrated oiL. It is not acceptable practice to run the equipme nt until the alarm sounds
Explain and discuss any standing orders on your ship which are additional to the procedures called for in the statutory regulations.

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ENG INE ROOM WASTE MANAGEMENT OILY WATER AND SEPARATO RS

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5 MAINTENANCE
Discuss the PMS for your separator with the group.

Check that they understand the important points which it covers Find out whether they have any problems maintaining the equipment or ideas for improvement Explain how you verify that maintenance schedules are being followed Stress the importance of keeping sufficient spares on board
Explain the key points from the fault list for your separator. Stress that when faults occur:

They must stop the separator running as soon as the fault deveLops, rather than waiting until they have identified the problem. There must never be any risk that water with an oil content above the 15 ppm limit could be discharged overboard . They must avoid any temptation to break or bend the rules. If a problem arises which can onLy be solved by doing something illegal, that is an issue for the shore office to sort out.

6 SECURITY
The video highlighted the use of :

White boxes. These prevent anyone tampering with the OCM. Seals on valves and flanges in the engine room. These ensure that no one can interfere with any pipe work containing oil or oily wastes. Some seals are pLastic, so that they can be removed quickLy in an emergency. Others are chains secured by padLocks. The numbers of plastic seals are recorded in the engine room Logbooks and the Chief Engineer keeps the keys to any padlocks
Discuss with the group the steps taken on your ship to protect the security of the equipment for handling oily water.

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ENGINE ROOM WASTE MANAGEMENT OILY WATER AND SEPARATORS

VIDEOTEL PR ODUCTIONS

7 THE NEW GENERATION OF SEPARATORS

As the student pointed out to the engineer in the video, the current generation of separators have some important disadvantages and limitations. They cope badly with dirt, soot, emulsifiers, and oil at too high a concentration. Rough sea conditions lower the efficiency of separation . For these reasons, it is often difficult for even the most experienced engineers to make them work properly.

That is why the IMO has introduced a revised set of guidelines and specifications for separators. These are set out in M EPC.l 07[49]. MEPC stands for " Marine Environment Protection Committee". This is a committee of the International Maritime Organization - the IMO. The numbers simply tell us that this is the Committee 's 107th resolution, passed at their 49th session. The full title of the resolution is:

"Revised guidelines and specifications for pollut ion prevention equipment for machinery spaces of ships "
In addition to the usual introduction, explanation of the background and definitions, the resolution contains:

Techn icaL specifications Specifications for type approvaL testing of poLlut ion prevention equipment Installation requirements

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ENG INE ROOM WASTE MANAGEMENT OI LY WATER AND SEPARATORS

VIDEOTEL PRODUCTI ONS

These new requirements apply to :

"Installations fitted to ships, the keel of which are laid or wh ich are at a similar stage of construction on or after 1 January 2005; and To new installations fitted on or after 1 January 2005 to ships, the keel of wh ich were laid or wh ich were at a similar stage of construction before 1 January 2005 in as far as is reasonable and practicable"
The requirements for design, manufacture, testing, type approval and so on are very detailed, but tell the group that the good news for ships' engineers is contained in the following single paragraph :

" It should be understood that a 15ppm Bilge Separator must be capabLe of handling any oily mixtures from the machinery space bilges and be expected to be effective over the complete range of oils which might be carried on board ship, and deal with oiL of very high relative density, or with a mixture presented to it as an emulsion. Cleansing agents, emuLsifiers, solvents or surfactants used for cleaning purposes may cause the bilge water to emuls ify. Proper measures should be taken to minimise the presence of these substances in the bilges of a ship . With the possibility of emu lsified bilge water always present the 15ppm Bilge Separator must be capable of separating the oiL from the emulsion to produce an effluent w ith an oil content not exceeding 15ppm"
Explain that a number of manufacturers have already risen to this challenge using a variety of technical approaches, including centrifuges, sophisticated membranes, biological systems and evaporation. If your company is introducing new generation separators, explain the approach on which they will be based .

8 SUMMARY
Summarise the action points which you have agreed . Agree a timescale for implementation.

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ENGINE ROOM WASTE MANAGEMENT OILY WATER AND SEPARATORS

VIDE OTEL PRODUCTIONS

PART 1
Name three sources of oily water

.2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Name three different types of impurities which may prevent the OWS or the OeM from working properly Oil and water separate because of differences in what? Why must we avoid using cleaners that contain emulsifiers? Why are heating coils used in the bilge holding tank and the separator? How should gas oil used for cleaning be disposed of? Why do some companies put their oeM in a Lockable white box? What should you do if the separator develops a fault while you are operating it? What should you do to the OeM before starting separation?

10 What should you do to the separator once you have completed a cycle of separation?

PART 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 What happens in the first separation stage of the separator? What happens in the second coalescing stage of the separator? Why do some companies put their OeM in a lockable white box? Why are heating coils used in the bilge holding tank and the separator? How is the discharge of oil and water controlled in the first stage of the separator? How does the oil content monitor work? What should you do if the separator develops a fault while you are operating it? What should you do to the oeM before starting separation? What shouLd you do to the separator once you have compLeted a cycle of separation?

10 Name two of the principLes on which the design of the new generation of separators is based 11 Why is it necessary to check the ship's position at the beginning and end of separation? 12 Why is it good practice to lock flanges and valves with plastic seals and padlocks?

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ENGINE ROOM WASTE MANAGEMEN T OILY WATE R AND SEPARATORS

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MARPOL, ANNEX I
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL Regulation 4: Exceptions CHAPTER 3 REQUIREMENTS FOR MACHINERY SPACES OF ALL SHIPS PART B - Equipment Regulation 14: Oil filtering equipment PART C - Control of operational discharge of oil Regulation 15: Control of the discharge of oil A: Discharges outside special areas B: Discharges in special areas C: Requirements for ships of less than 400 gross tonnage in all areas except the Antarctic area D: General requirements

RESOURCES AND FURTHER READING

Shipping Industry Gu idance on the use of Oily Water Separators
Published by : MARITIME I

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ine Room Waste Managem

Oi y Water and Separator

Appendices

extracts have photocopying.

included in this format

Extracts from MARPOI (lMO, 2006), with thanks to the International me Organization. Always use the most up date copy of which should be available on board.
I

Annex I
Chapter 1 General Regulation 4 Regulations 15 and 34 1 the discharge into securing the .2 the discharge into or its equipment: .2.1 provided that all damage or discovery of discharge; and .2.2 except if owner or recklessly and with
.3

this Annex shall not apply to: sea of oil or oily mixture necessary a or saving life at sea; or
n""'-'f"if"iC>

purpose of to a ship

sea of oil or oily mixture resulting

precautions have been taken the occurrence of the discharge for the purpose of preventing or minimizing the master acted either with intent to cause damage, or that damage would probably or containing used for the purpose approval of any Government in will occur. jurisdiction it is

Administration, shall be subject to contemplated the

incidents in order to minimize

Chapter 3 Requirements for Machinery Spaces of all

Part B . Equipment
Regulation 14 - Oil filtering equipment
SEE INTERPRETATION 18

c""r,t,ori in paragraph 3 of this tonnage and than 10,000 gross equipment complying with paragraph 6 of this discharge into the sea water retained in fuel 16.2 shall comply with paragraph 2 of this regulation.

SEE INTERPRETATIONS 19.1 AND 19 .2 AND 20

2 Except as specified in paragraph 3 of this regulation, any ship of 10,000 gross tonnage and above shall be fitted with oil filtering equipment complying with paragraph 7 of this regulation.
SEE INTERPRETATION 20

3 Ships, such as hotel ships, storage vessels, etc., which are stationary except for non-cargo-carrying relocation voyages need not be provided with oil filtering equipment. Such ships shall be provided with a holding tank having a volume adequate, to the satisfaction of the Administration, for total retention on board of the oily bilge water. All oily bilge water shall be retained on board for subsequent discharge to reception facilities. The Administration shall ensure that ships of less than 400 gross tonnage are 4 equipped, as far as practicable, to retain on board oil or oily mixtures or discharge them in accordance with the requirements of regulation 15.6 of this Annex. 5 The Administration may waive the requirements of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this regulation for: .1 .2 any ship engaged exclusively on voyages within special areas, or any ship certified under the International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft (or otherwise within the scope of this Code with regard to size and design) engaged on a scheduled service with a turn-around time not exceeding 24 hours and covering also non-passenger/cargo-carrying relocation voyages for these ships, .3 with regard to the provision of subparagraphs .1 and .2 above, the following conditions shall be complied with: .3.1 the ship is fitted with a holding tank having a volume adequate, to the satisfaction of the Administration, for the total retention on board of the oily bilge water; .3.2 all oily bilge water is retained on board for subsequent discharge to reception facilities; .3.3 the Administration has determined that adequate reception facilities are available to receive such oily bilge water in a sufficient number of ports or terminals the ship calls at; .3.4 the International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate, when required, is endorsed to the effect that the ship is exclusively engaged on the voyages within special areas or has been accepted as a high-speed craft for the purpose of this regulation and the service is identified; and
SEE INTERPRETATION 21

.3.5 the quantity, time, and port of the discharge are recorded in the Oil Record Book Part I.
SEE INTERPRETATION 7

6 Oil filtering equipment referred to in paragraph 1 of this regulation shall be of a design approved by the Administration and shall be such as will ensure that any oily mixture discharged into the sea after passing through the system has an oil content not exceeding 15 parts per million. In considering the design of such equipment, the Administration shall have regard to the specification recommended by the Organization.* 7 Oil filtering equipment referred to in paragraph 2 of this regulation

shall comply with paragraph 6 of regulation. In addition, it shall provided with alarm to indicate when this level cannot maintained. The system also be provided with to ensure that any of oily mixtures is automatically stopped when the oil content of 5 per million. In the of such equipment and approvals, the Administration to specification by Organization.*

Refer the Recommendation on international and test for oily-water by Assembly resolution A.393(X), or the Guidelines equipment and ail content meters, by the and for pollution prevention equipment for machinery space bilges ships. by the Marine Environment Protection Committee by resolution MEPC.60(33), or the Revised and for prevention equipment for machinery space of ships, Environment Protection Committee resolution MEPC. 07(49),

Chapter

for Machinery of

Part

of the discharge of oil

SEE INTERPRETATIONS 18. 22,1.] AND 2212

to the of regulation 4 of this annex and paragraphs 2, 3, and 6 of any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from shall be

Discharges outside special areas

oil or oily mixtures from ships of 400 gross all the following conditions are

2 Any discharge into the sea and above shall be prohibited

,1 the is

en route;

.2
,3

the oily mixture is through an oil filtering equipment meeting the of regulation 14 of this Annex; not OY,-oc.f1 15 parts per million; oil content of without dilution the oily mixture the not from cargo pump-room cargo on oil

.4 and
,5

mixture, in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with

in special areas

1 and ,1 .2

d above shall

into the sea of prohibited

or oily mixtures when all of the following

sh

of 400 gross tonnage are

ship is proceeding en route; the oily mixture is through an oil filtering equipment meeting

of regulation 14.7 of this Annex;

.3

oil content of

without dilution

not

15 parts per million;

.4 and

the oily mixture does not oily mixture, in case of oil

from

pump-room bilges on all

.5
4 In any ship

is not mixed with oil cargo

of the Antarctic area, any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from be prohibited. shall prohibit a ship on a voyage only part of which is in a with paragraph 2 of rging outside a special area in

5 Nothing in this special area from this

for

of less than 400 gross tonnage in all areas

the

6 In the case of a ship of than 400 either be on board for subsequent into the sea in accordance with the following .1 the is proceeding en route; of a

tonnage, oil and all oily mixtures shall to facilities or discharged

.2
per

the ship has in """"I'm" ensures that the oil content million;

approved by the Administration that not 15 parts

the effluent without dilution

.3

the oily mixture does not originate from cargo pump-room and the oily in case oil tankers, is not

on oil

.4

with oil cargo residues.

ts
Whenever visible traces of oil are observed on or below the surface of the water in the vicinity of a or its wake, Governments Parties to the Convention should, to extent they are reasonably able to do so, promptly investigate the bearing on the issue of whether there has been a violation of the provisions of this The should in particular, wind and sea conditions, the track and ship, sources of visible traces in the vicinity, and any records. into the sea shall contain chemicals or other substances in quantities or which are hazardous to marine environment or chemicals or introduced the purpose circumventing of in this regulation which cannot be retained on board

norman