Automatic Street Light

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Introduction
Automatic Streetlight needs no manual operation for switching ON and OFF when there is need of light. It detects itself weather there is need for light or not. When darkness rises to a certain value then automatically streetlight is switched ON and when there is other source of light i.e. day time, the street light gets OFF. he sensitiveness of the street light canal so !e ad"usted. In our pro"ect we have used four #.$.% for indication of !ul! !ut for high power switching one can connect &elay 'electromagnetic switch( at the output of pin ) of I.* #+,-. hen it will !e possi!le to turn ON/OFF any electrical appliances connected all the way through relay.
PRINCIPLE: 0(
his circuit uses a popular timer I.* #+ ,-.. I.* #+,-. is connected as comparator with pin12 connected with positive rail, the output goes high')( when the trigger pin , is at lower then voltage level at pin no 0. *onversely the output goes low '3( when it is a!ove pin no 0 level. So small change in the voltage of pin10 is enough to change the level of output 'pin1)( from ) to 3 and 3 to ). he output has only two states high and low and can not remain in any intermediate stage. It is powered !y a )04 power supply. he circuit is economic in power consumption. 5in 6 is ground and pin . is connected to the positive supply and pin ) is grounded. o detect the present of an o!"ect we have used #%& and a source of light. #%& is a special type of resistance whose value depends on the !rightness of the light, which is falling on it. It has resistance of a!out ) mega ohm when in total darkness, !ut a resistance of only a!out -k ohms when !rightness illuminated. It responds to a large part of light spectrum. We have made a potential divider circuit with #%& and )37 varia!le resistance connected in series. We know that voltage is directly proportional to conductance so low voltage we will get from this divider when #%& is getting light and high voltage in darkness. his divided voltage is given to pin 0 of I* #+,-.. 4aria!le resistance is so ad"usted that it crosses potential of )/0 in darkness and fall !elow )/0 in light. Sensitiveness can !e ad"usted !y this varia!le resistance. As soon as #%& gets light the voltage of pin 0 drops of the supply voltage and pin , gets high and #$% or !u88er which is connected to the output gets activated.

COMPONENTS
a) Po er Su!!"y: For )0v power supply we can use )0 v step down transformer, !ridge rectifier,)0 v regulator. b) S itch: Any general purpose switch can !e used. Switch is used as circuit !reaker. c) L#$#R: '#ight %epending &esistance( it is a special type of resistance whose value depends on the !rightness of light which is falling on it. It has resistance of a!out )mega ohm when in total darkness, !ut a resistance of only a!out -k ohms when !rightness illuminated. It responds to a large part of light spectrum. d) L#E#$: A diode is a component that only allows electricity to flow one way. It can !e thought as a sort of one way street for electrons. 9ecause of this characteristic, dioded are used to transform or rectify A* voltage into a %* voltage. %iodes have two connections, an anode and a cathode. he cathode is the end on the schematic with the point of the triangle pointing towards a line. In other words, the triangle points toward that cathode. he anode is,

of course, the opposite end. *urrent flows from the anode to the cathode. #ight emitting diodes, or #$%s, differ from regular diodes in that when a voltage is applied, they emit light. his light can !e red 'most common(, green, yellow, orange, !lue 'not very common(, or infa red. #$%s are used as indicators, transmitters, etc. +ost likely, a #$% will never !urn out like a regular lamp will and re:uires many times less current. 9ecause #$%s act like regular diodes and will form a short if connected !etween ; and 1, a current limiting resistor is used to prevent that very thing. #$%s may or may not !e drawn with the circle surrounding them. e) %ariab"e re&i&tance: '5otentiometer( &esistors are one of the most common electronic components. A resistor is a device that limits, or resists current. he current limiting a!ility or resistance is measured in ohms, represented !y the <reek sym!ol Omega. 4aria!le resistors 'also called potentiometers or "ust =pots=( are resistors that have a varia!le resistance. >ou ad"ust the resistance !y turning a shaft. his shaft moves a wiper across the actual resistor element. 9y changing the amounts of resistor !etween the wiper connection and the connection 's( to the resistor element, you can change the resistance. >ou will often see the resistance of resistors written with 7 'kilohms( after the num!er value. his means that there are that many thousands of ohms. For e?ample, )7 is )333 ohm, 07 is 0333 ohm, ,.,7 is ,,33 ohm, etc. >ou may also see the suffi? + 'mega ohms(. his simply means million. &esistors are also rated !y their power handling capa!ility. his is the amount of heat the resistor can take !efore it is destroyed. he power capa!ility is measured in W 'watts(. *ommon wattages for varia!le resistors are )/.W, )/6W, )/0W and )W. Anything of a higher wattage is referred to as a rheostat. ') P#C#B: '5rinted *ircuit 9oard( with the help of 5.*.9 it is easy to assem!le circuit with neat and clean end products. 5.*.9 is made of !akelite with surface pasted with copper track1layout. For each components leg, hole is made. *onnection pin is passed through the hole and is soldered.

Circuit $iagram

Light Sensor

Amplifier

Voltage Comparat or

Relay