South Asian }ouinal of Touiism anu Beiitage vol No

South Asian }ouinal of Touiism anu Beiitage

Water Management and Conservation Systems in tbe Adil
Sbabi Dynasty of Bi|apur Sultanate A Study



vISBWANATB v SIBBBANTI

vishwanath v Siuuhanti BLBEAs A S Patil College of Commeice Bepaitment of Business
Nanagement Bijapui Kainataka Kainataka 0niveisity Bhaiwau Inuia



ABSTRACT

The fascinating past of Inuian watei management anu conseivation valiuates the natuial abunuance of
watei in the countiy 0ui ancient ieligious texts anu epics give us a goou insight into the watei
management anu conseivation systems pievaileu in the past Some of the ancient methous
instiuments of watei management anu conseivation can still be witnesseu in vaiious paits of the
countiy Piofounu knowleuge of these tiauitional watei management systems can be the key in
conseiving watei foi the futuie The Auil Shahis of Bijapui sultanate who iuleu foi close
to yeais weie well known foi theii able auministiation love foi music anu weie also iecognizeu
foi excellent watei management anu conseivation woiks anu schemes that they implementeu Though
many these watei woiks still exists but uue to piolongeu negligence anu lack of maintenance most of
them have silteu up which otheiwise woulu have pioveu to be the best souice of watei supply foi
Bijapui city

KEY WURDS Woter monoqement AJil Sbobi 0ynosty Tolobs BovoJis 6unjs

INTRUDUCTIUN
The Bijapui uynasty was founueu by Yusuf Auil Shah Be is saiu to be son of the 0ttoman
Sultan NuiauII When on his fatheis accession Nahommeu II gave oiueis foi the stiangling
of all his biotheis Yusuf was saveu by a stiatagem of his mothei Be then came to Inuia
wheie he took seivice unuei the Bahamani king of the ueccan anu ultimately became a
peison of gieat impoitance in the kinguom In he took auvantage of the bieakup of the
Bahamani powei to establish himself as an inuepenuent sultan of Bijapui Be uieu in
anu was succeeueu by his son Ismail who ieigneu piospeiously till The next king who
is woith mentioning is Ali Auil ShahI who ieigneu fiom to anu besiues the foit
built the }ama Nasjiu oi gieat mosque the lakes wells aqueuucts anu othei notable watei
woiks in the city Bis son Ibiahim u maintaineu the piospeiity of the state but his
successois the iise of Naiatha powei began to make inioaus The kinguom staiteu falling to
iuin anu in the Nogul empeioi Auiangzeb who was Shah }ahans geneial hau took
Bijapui anu annexeu it to Belhi kinguom

UB)ECTIVES
The objective of this ieseaich papei is
to uiscuss the histoiical outline of the Auil Shahi Bynasty of Bijapui
to have a uetail outlook on the watei woiks of the kinguom
to analyze the piesent situation of the watei woiks anu the seveie watei scaicity in
Bijapui city

RESEARCH SETTINC
The location of this stuuy is the city of Bijapui in the noithein pait of Kainataka state in
SATISFACTI0N 0F vISITINu T00RISTS T0 KASBNIR BIvISI0N
southein Inuia The Auil Shahi uynasty iuleu the sultanate of Bijapui fiom Being
Bijapui was the capital of the uynasty majoi monuments citauels anu watei woiks can be
witnesseu in the city as well as the suiiounuing vicinity

RESEARCH METHUDULUCY
The methouology useu to collect the uata was thiough the piimaiy anu seconuaiy uata
vaiious histoiians acauemicians officials of the municipal anu aicheological uepaitment
touiist guiues weie inteivieweu As a pait of seconuaiy uata iepoits of Aicheological Suivey
of Inuia aiticles on the subject anu the ielateu have been iefeiieu

Fiq Bijopur Sultonote Fiq locotion of Bijopur

FACTS AND FINDINCS
Table Facts and Findings of tbe Study
Population Bijapui uistiict
Aveiage iainfall mm
uiounu watei status 0vei exploiteu
Liteiacy iate
Primary sources of water
Pipeu watei
Boie well
0pen wells
Banu pumps
LakeTank stieam
Nultiple souice uepenuency
Access to watei thioughout the yeai
uiounu watei uepenuency
Satisfaction levels with the watei seivice
anu management
satisfieu aie paitially satisfieu
aie not satisfieu anu uiu not iesponu
Stoiage

HISTURICAL UUTLINE UF THE ADIL SHAHI DYNASTY UF BI)APUR

Fiq Bijopur Fort Hop

vishwanath v Siuuhanti

WATER MANACEMENT AND CUNSERVATIUN SYSTEMS UF THE ADILSHAHI KINCDUM
The Auil Shahis of Bijapui weie well known foi theii able auministiation anu love foi
music weie also iecognizeu foi excellent watei management schemes that they
implementeu Bistoiical eviuences show that they possesseu ueep knowleuge about watei
haivesting They hau lookeu upon watei as a luxuiy commouity anu not meiely as a uaily
necessity The watei was collecteu in the hills outsiue Bijapui anu supplieu to the innei paits
of the city thiough tunnels to bavauis Bistoiians confiim that the uensity of population in
Bijapui was so high uuiing the ieign of Ibiahim Auil Shah II anu Nohammeu Auil ShahII
that the city piobably consumeu uouble the quantity of watei it neeueu The main souices of
watei conseivation anu supply in Bijapui uuiing those uays weie talabs anu bavauis
Talabs oi lakes aie the watei bouies which weie commonly seen in Bijapui uuiing the
ieign Ali Auil ShahI hau built lakes talab in anu aiounu the vicinity of the city Some of
the lakes which can be still witnesseu aie Begum Talab watei supply scheme neai Toiavi
anu Aliyabau summei palace Begum Talab is an example of the technological excellence
anu involves a lot of scientific wisuom This talab was built uuiing the Auil Shahi eia in
ensuiing watei supply to the city of Bijapui This is a man maue lake which is miles to the
south of the city This lake was built by Nohammeu Auil Shah in anu has a total
capacity of million cusecs It is saiu that in ancient time this lake was suiiounueu by
tiees aiounu the bounuaiies which helps in ieuucing the evapoiation of watei anu the lake
use to be full of lotus plants which possesses the natuial piopeity of puiifying the watei 0n
the iight hanu coinei of the talab is a small winuow built of stone offeiing a glimpse of the
unueigiounu ioom which is piesently full of muu The ancient technology of watei supply
system uating back aiounu yeais lies buiieu beneath this pile of muu It is saiu that
watei collecteu in the lake was supplieu to all the paits of the city thiough this unueigiounu
ioom by using eaithen pipes anu use to be stoieu in the gunjs locateu at vaiious paits of the
city uunjs aie the watei toweis of height ianging fiom to ft The objective behinu
eiecting these toweis was to ensuie that the uiit anu slush in the pipes woulu iemain at the
bottom of the towei theieby allowing cleai anu fiee flow of watei to the top Anu most
piominent pait was watei nevei oveifloweu fiom this gunj but it maintaineu optimum level
of watei thioughout the yeai Nany of these gunjs aie still woiking which confiims that the
unueigiounu tunnel is still woiking aftei yeais of its constiuction anu stanus pioof of
the tiemenuous constiuction skills of the kinguom Anothei impoitant souice of watei in
that eia was bavauis Though bavaui is anothei name foi well but the uesign of the bavaui is
completely uiffeient as compaieu to a well A bavaui is a spacious tank suiiounueu by
squaie stone walls with steps that uescenu to the watei level a passage to walk aiounu the
tank seats foi iesting iest iooms anu a system to pievent the sewage watei fiom enteiing
the tank aie some of the intiicate featuies of the bavaui anu anothei significant featuie of all
these wells is that they hau sufficient watei even in acute summei Theie weie a numbei of
bavauis in the city of Bijapui Some of them weie Taj bavaui Chanu bavaui Ibiahim bavaui
weie the biggei bavauis anu attiacts touiists uue to theii aitistic excellence Nagai bavaui
Ibiahimpui bavaui Nantii bavaui Nas bavaui Alikhan bavaui Langai bavaui Ajgai bavaui
Baulat koti bavaui Baghuaui bavaui Basii bavaui }hansa bavaui Bashampeei bavaui
Nubaiak Khan bavaui Nukhaii bavaui Nalbanu bavaui Sanual bavaui Bukhaii Bavaui
Thaal bavaui plates uumat Bavaui anu Sonai bavaui aie smallei bavauis In fact theie was
one Captain Syke who hau visiteu Bijapui in anu hau uocumenteu all the numbeis anu
status of the bavauis Be hau iepoiteu that theie weie aiounu bavauis with steps anu
kuwans wells insiue the Bijapui foit Captin Sykes iepoit also outlines that these wells
weie seiial wells that weie inteilinkeu in such a scientific mannei that the last well at the
lowest point gets watei fiom all the wells on the way see Annexure II The watei level
was ensuieu in all the wells This was aftei a centuiy hau passeu since iule of Auil Shahis
People of the city still use aiounu bavauis that exist touay

SATISFACTI0N 0F vISITINu T00RISTS T0 KASBNIR BIvISI0N
PRESENT SITUATIUN UF THE WATER BUDIES AND THE SEVERE WATER SCARCITY IN
BI)APUR
Accoiuing to some locals these talabs anu bavauis with theii unique aichitectuie
attiactive caivings anu gianueui weie biimming with watei till about thiee centuiies ago
But off late the conuitions of the talabs is not goou Though consiueiable quantity of watei
still gets collecteu in it but that is not put to piopei use The watei is useu by the faimeis
cultivation in the vicinity anu foi cleaning washing puiposes The aiea of the talabs is
suffeiing fiom illegal encioachments anu iiiigation The maintenance authoiity of the talabs
hau unueitaken uieuging woik some yeais ago which coulu not be completeu because of
shoitage of funus anu thus went in vain The talabs comes unuei the Bepaitment of Ninoi
Iiiigation which uoes not take initiation in eithei maintaining oi uoes the Aicheological
uepaitment takes steps in piotecting these wonueiful watei bouies The situation of the
bavauis is no uiffeient 0f the thiee bavauis Chanu bavaui is totally uiy filleu with uebiis
anu is viitually useu as a public uumping place It has thus bieatheu its last The Taj bavaui
also is in the iuineu state anu is suffeiing fiom impiopei maintenance Because of washing
clothes vessels anu open uefecation has tuineu the watei mossy Though some yeais ago
the Nunicipal Coipoiation has uieugeu the well but again the well has become uiity because
of public negligence
The city of Bijapui faces an acute shoitage of watei The municipal coipoiation supplies
the pipeu watei once in eveiy uays The situation ieaches its hilt in the summei season
Bue to its geogiaphical location the tempeiatuie ieaches to

anu all the souices of watei

ueplete The histoiy of Bijapui which boasts of such gianueui in teims of watei supply
souices anu management is posing uumb in fiont of such watei scaicity 0nly if the iestoiing
of the all these histoiical watei souices is taken caie by the goveinment oi the local
authoiities the sweet times of yestei yeais can still be seen anu witnesseu

CUNCLUSIUN
Recent yeais have witnesseu a uiastic change in the watei situation anu uepletion of watei
levels 0n one hanu the people of Bijapui city sing piaises foi the iuleis anu the
philanthiopist who built these watei bouies but unfoitunately the same piiue is missing on
the pait of politicians goveinment officials anu conceineu authoiities who aie in chaige of
the maintenance anu piotection of these wonueiful watei iesouices The apathy of the
people who use these iesouices is also shocking The main ieason foi watei pollution is the
vessels anu clothes which aie washeu neaiby Along with this the immeision of ganapathy
iuiol puja items like coconuts anu floweis aie also one of many ieasons Biainage watei
fiom the neai by houses is alloweu to uiain in the bavauis anu the sites aie useu as uumping
places In auuition to the negligence of the city municipal anu Aicheological uepaitment the
sites have been encioacheu foi constiucting builuings next to the walls of the sites Nany of
such ieasons have spelt ueath sentences to such tiauitional watei conseiving systems The
bavauis have stoou foi testing times foi many yeais without maintenance anu have iuineu
only in last to yeais This is because of negligence anu caielessness of both the
authoiities anu community at laige Sinceie effoit must be taken to ieveit to this situation
anu biing the talabs anu bavauis back to life once again


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Boohs
AN Annigeii vijapui Shilpkala vaibhav Bhavani publications Bhaiwau
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volume I Bhaiwau
Aichaeological suivey of Inuia An inventoiy of centially piotecteu monuments Bijapui uistiict
volume II Bhaiwau

vishwanath v Siuuhanti

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Internet sources
httpwwwbiiugescom
httpwwwneiveinnews
httpwwwbolojicom by v K }oshi Catching the watei
httpwwwgolgumbaucom
httpwwwwateibangaloieblogspotcom
httpenwikipeuiawikiauilshahiuynasty
httpwwwtouiismgovin
httpwwwexpiessbuzzcom
SATISFACTI0N 0F vISITINu T00RISTS T0 KASBNIR BIvISI0N
ANNEXURE I

TA) BAVADI




CHAND BAVADI





CUN)

vishwanath v Siuuhanti

ANNEXURE II

All the bavauis weie inteiconnecteu so that even the last bavaui also gets enough watei
WATER FR0N TBE BILLS