MATH

GRADE 8
8th Grade Linear Algebra: Prentice Hall Algebra 1

ISD 728 March 2012

http://scimathmn.org/stemtc/ - Mathematics Frameworks (Resources arranged by 8th Grade Standard) Chapter 1: Foundations for Algebra (1.1-1.9 for MCA-III) District Outcomes Apply relationships between squares and square roots to solve problems. (8.2.4.9) Resources 1.3 Essential Vocabulary The students will understand and use these terms: Square of a Number Square Root +/- (ex: 9 = 3) Radical Absolute value Order of operations Algebraic expressions Equivalent expressions Simplify Evaluate Associative Commutative Distributive Real number Rational number Irrational number Integer Whole Number Natural Number
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Prior Skills Simplify and evaluate Squares and square roots Properties of arithmetic Simplify/evaluate expression Order of operations Evaluating Know how to use a number line (real numbers)

Assessment

Justify steps in generating equivalent expressions by identifying properties used. 1.4 (8.2.3.2) Associative properties Commutative properties 1.7 Distributive properties Order of operations (including grouping 1.2 symbols) Evaluate algebraic expressions at specified values of their variables. (8.2.3.1) Square roots Absolute value Identify real numbers as rational or irrational. (8.1.1.1) Square root of a positive integer is not a perfect square, is irrational: o Rat. + irr. = irr. o Rat * irr. = irr. Compare and locate real numbers on a number 1.3/1.4/1.5/1.6

1.3

line. (8.1.1.2) Identify square root as a positive integer OR Identify square root as rational approximation (8.1.1.3)

1.3

Consecutive Real number line

Chapter 2: Solving Equations (2.1-2.5 for MCA-III, 2.6 & 2.7 as prior knowledge for slope/rate of change) District Outcomes Use properties of equalities to solve multi-step equations in one variable. (8.2.4.2) Solve for one variable in terms of the other variables (multi-variable equations) Resources Ch. 2 (2.1-2.4) 2.5 Essential Vocabulary The students will understand and use these terms: Inverse Operations Prior Skills Basic Arithmetic Inverse Operations Assessment

Chapter 3: Solving Inequalities (3.1-3.4, 3.6, 3.7 for MCA-III, 3.5 &3.8 after final round of MCA testing) District Outcomes Solve linear inequalities and graph the solutions on a number line. (8.2.4.4/8.2.4.5) Write and solve equations and inequalities involving absolute value, graph the solutions on a number line. (8.2.4.6) Use linear inequalities to represent relationships. (8.2.4.4) Resources Ch. 3 (3.1-3.4, 3.6) 3.7 Essential Vocabulary The students will understand and use these terms: Inequality <, , >, Ch. 3 Prior Skills Recognizing inequality symbols Assessment

Chapter 4: An Introduction to Functions (4.1-4.7 for MCA-III) District Outcomes Create and use multiple representations of functions (linear and non-linear) to solve problems. (8.2.2.1) Tables Graphs Identify a function as a relationship between two variables. (8.2.1.1/8.2.1.2) Independent/dependent Input/output A change in one causes a change in the other Identify a function or arithmetic sequence as linear by: (8.2.1.3/8.2.1.4) Graph is a straight line Constant rate of change Resources Ch. 4-Ch.7 Essential Vocabulary The students will understand and use these terms: Linear function Intercepts Coefficient Proportional Relationships Constant Independent Dependent Constant Coefficient Linear Nth term Functional notation Arithmetic sequence Linear function Non-linear function Common difference Common ratio Rate of Change Progression of the Sequence Chapter 5: Linear Functions (5.1-5.7 for MCA-III, 5.8 after final round of MCA testing) District Outcomes Represent situations involving a constant rate of change with linear equations. (8.2.4.1) Proportional and non-proportional (non-zero y-intercept) relationships Resources Ch. 5 5.2 Direct Variation
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Prior Skills Input/Output Table Coordinate Plane Graphing Identify and Describe Patterns Evaluating Expressions

Assessment

4.2

4.7

Essential Vocabulary The students will understand and use these terms: Slope-intercept form

Prior Skills Coordinate plane graphing skills Writing a linear

Assessment

Determine an equation of a line. (8.2.4.3) Equations Verbal descriptions Symbols Able to go from one form to another

Ch.5 (5.1-5.6)

Identify graphical properties of linear functions. Slope = rate of change When coefficient (slope) changes, the graph changes. (8.2.2.3) Intercepts Y-intercept is zero when function represents a proportional relationship Express an equation and convert between the following forms: (8.2.4.3) Slope-intercept Point-slope Standard form Identify a function or arithmetic sequence as linear by: Graph is a straight line (8.2.1.3) Can be expressed in slope/intercept form y=mx + b OR f(x) = mx +b (8.2.1.4) Constant rate of change Create and use multiple representations of functions (linear and non-linear) to solve problems. (8.2.2.1) Equations Tables Graphs

5.1 5.2/5.3 5.5 5.2 Ch. 5 5.3 5.4 5.5

Point-slope form Standard form Direct Variation Proportional Slope Scatter plot Line of best fit Parallel Perpendicular Reciprocal Opposite

equation Slope/Rate of change Patterns Correlation Proportional reasoning Identify Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

5.3 5.1-5.3 Ch. 4-Ch. 7

Introduce in Ch. 5
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Use graphing technology to analyze and interpret functions. (8.2.2.3) Apply the slopes of parallel and perpendicular lines to: Recognize parallel and perpendicular lines (8.3.2.1) Given a line and a point not on the line, find lines through that point that are parallel and perpendicular to the given line. (8.3.2.3) Create a scatter plot using given or collected data using appropriate titles, labels and units. (8.4.1.1) Identify a line of best fit by using the trends in the data and: Write an equation of the line of best fit (8.4.1.1) Use the line to approximate rate of change (slope) (8.4.1.2) Make predictions (Standard 8.4.1) Analyze reasonableness of prediction (8.4.1.3) Use graphing technology to create scatter plots and lines of best fit. (8.4.1.1) Chapter 6: Systems of Equations and Inequalities (6.1-6.4 for MCA-III, 6.5 &6.6 after final round of MCA testing) District Outcomes Use systems of linear equations to represent relationships and solve symbolically, Resources Ch. 6 (6.1-6.4)
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5.6 5.6 pg. 328-329

5.7 5.7

5.7

Essential Vocabulary Intersecting Identical

Prior Skills

Assessment

graphically, and numerically: (8.2.4.7) No solution (parallel lines) One solution (intersecting lines) (8.2.4.8) Infinite solutions (identical lines) Use substitution to check solutions. (8.2.4.8) Create and use multiple representations of functions (linear and non-linear) to solve problems. Equations Tables Graphs Ch. 4-Ch.7

Solution Infinite

Chapter 7: Exponents and Exponential Functions (7.1-7.7 for MCA-III) District Outcomes Apply properties of positive and negative integer exponents to generate equivalent expressions. (8.1.1.4) Use scientific notation to approximate very large and very small numbers. (8.1.1.5) Recognize how calculators display numbers in scientific notation. Multiply and divide numbers expressed in scientific notation. Express answer using correct number of significant digits when working with physical measurements. (8.1.1.5) Resources 7.1, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 Essential Vocabulary Power Base Exponent Geometric Sequence Exponential Exponential Growth Exponential Decay Scientific Notation Significant Digits Prior Skills Powers Scientific Notation Assessment

7.2

7.2, 7.3 428 p. 3 7.5 p. 441 prob. 2 Need to supplement

Identify a geometric sequence as non-linear by: 7.6/Concept Byte 7.6/7.7 (8.2.1.5)

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4.3 Nonlinear Functions

Can be expressed in the form f(x) = abx

Use multiple representations of Geometric Sequences to solve problems. (8.2.2.5) Equations Tables Graphs Verbal Descriptions

7.6/Concept Byte 7.6/7.7

Geometry Unit: 10.1/Apply Parallel and Perpendicular Lines to Triangles and Quadrilaterals District Outcomes Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to problems involving right triangles: (8.3.1.1) Find distance between two points (using Pythagorean Theorem) (8.3.1.2) Find lengths of missing sides of triangles. Use the calculations to find perimeter and area of the figure (polygons). (8.3.1.2) Resources 10.1 P. 605 10.1 10.1 (show right angle with perp. Lines) 10.1 Do Activity/Show Proof2 Essential Vocabulary Pythagorean Theorem Right triangle Square/square root Hypotenuse Legs of a triangle All Quadrilateral Names Prior Skills Squares/square roots Simplify evaluate expressions Perimeter Area Names and Characteristics of Triangles and Quadrilaterals 5.6 Parallel & Perpendicular Lines Assessment

Recognize that the Pythagorean Theorem can always be applied to right triangles. (8.3.1.3) Informally justify the Pythagorean Theorem.1 Apply the slopes of parallel and perpendicular
1 2

Not assessed on the MCA-III When do two squares become one? Activity; Watch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbhh-9edn3c

lines to: Recognize parallel and perpendicular lines (8.3.2.1) Classify triangles and quadrilaterals (8.3.2.2) Given a line and a point not on the line, find lines through that point that are parallel and perpendicular to the given line. (8.3.2.3) Using graphing technology to analyze parallel and perpendicular lines.

(needs to be supp.=properties of triangles and quadrilaterals) *Supplement

After MCA Unit [(10.2) - (5.8, 6.5, 6.6) - (3.5, 3.8) (2.8-2.10)??] District Outcomes Prepare students for Exponential Algebra and Statistics & Probability. Resources 10.2 (Dont rationalize denominators, just simplify) 5.8 6.5 6.6 3.5 3.8 Essential Vocabulary Radical Expression Prior Skills Linear Algebra Assessment

Translation

Universal Set Complement Union Intersection Disjoint

8th Grade Honors Algebra 1 (Ch.8) (Ch. 9) (10.2-10.6) (Ch. 11) (Ch. 12) Master all 8th District Outcomes Grade MCA-III Standards and Resources Ch. 8-12
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Essential Vocabulary Identified in the text

Prior Skills Linear Algebra

Assessment

finish the entire Algebra 1 course to ensure students are ready to move on to Geometry. Chapter 83 (9.2.3.2/9.2.3.3)
-Manipulate polynomials by addition and subtraction -Multiply polynomials -Factor polynomials by finding GFC -Factor quadratic polynomials -Factor difference of squares -Factor perfect square trinomials

book.

8.1-8.8

Chapter 93 (9.2.2.3/9.2.4.1)
-Identify and analyze a parabola of the form ax2 + bx + c -Find vertex and line of symmetry -Find maximum and minimum -Solve Quadratics by graphing (by hand & calculator) -Solve Quadratics by taking square roots, factoring, and using the Quadratic Formula. -Translate between equations, tables and graphs of Linear, Quadratic and Exponential graphs

9.1-9.8

Chapter 103 (9.2.4.7/9.2.2.6)

-Solve radical equations -Recognize real and extraneous solutions -Create graphs of non-linear functions like f(x) =

10.2-10.6

Chapter 113 (9.2.3.4/9.2.3.2)

-Simplify polynomials and algebraic fractions -Divide Polynomials -Add and Subtract Algebraic Fractions

11.1-11.7

From ALGEBRA MCA-GRAD District Outcomes

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Chapter 12 4 (9.4.1.1/9.4.2.1/9.4.2.2/9.4.2.3/9.4.3.1-9.4.3.4/ 9.4.3.8/9.4.3.9)

Describe data using data displays. Box-and-whisker plots Stem-and-leaf plots Histograms Scatter plots Measures of Central Tendency Analyze the effects on summary statistics of changes in data sets Outliers Draw inferences, make predictions, and justify conclusions about real-life data. Identify: the source of the data The design of the study The way the data are analyzed and displayed How graphs and data can be distorted Measurement error Design simple experiments Impact of: sampling methods bias phrasing of questions Determine the possible number of outcomes and calculate probabilities. Understand how the Law of Large numbers affects experimental probabilities through simulations and investigate the relationship between this and theoretical probability.

12.1-12.8

From DATA, STATISTICS, PROBABILITY MCA-GRAD District Outcomes

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