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How Is Osteoporosis Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of osteoporosis is usually made by your doctor using a combination of a complete medical history and physical examination, skeletal X-rays, bone densitometry and specialized laboratory tests. If your doctor finds low bone mass, he or she may want to perform additional tests to rule out the possibility of other diseases that can cause bone loss, including osteomalacia (a itamin ! deficiency" or hyperparathyroidism (o eracti ity of the parathyroid glands". #one densitometry is a safe, painless X-ray techni$ue that compares your bone density to the peak bone density that someone of your same sex and ethnicity should ha e reached at about age %& to %', when it is at it(s highest. It is often performed in women at the time of menopause. )e eral types of bone densitometry are used today to detect bone loss in different areas of the body. !ual beam X-ray absorptiometry (!X*" is one of the most accurate methods, but other techni$ues can also identify osteoporosis, including single photon absorptiometry ()+*", $uantitati e computed tomography (,-T", radiographic absorptometry and ultrasound. .our doctor can determine which method would be best suited for you.

How Is Osteoporosis Treated? #ecause lost bone cannot be replaced, treatment for osteoporosis focuses on the pre ention of further bone loss. Treatment is often a team effort in ol ing a family physician or internist, orthopaedist, gynecologist and endocrinologist. /hile exercise and nutrition therapy are often key components of a treatment plan for osteoporosis, there are other treatments as well. 0strogen replacement therapy (01T" is often recommended for women at high risk for osteoporosis to pre ent bone loss and reduce fracture risk. * measurement of bone density when menopause begins may help you decide whether 01T is for you. 2ormones also pre ent heart disease, impro e cogniti e functioning and impro e urinary function. 01T is not without some risk, including enhanced risk of breast cancer. It should be discussed with your doctor. 3ew anti-estrogens known as )014s ha e been introduced. They increase bone mass, decrease the risk of spine fractures and lower the risk of breast cancer. -alcitonin is another medication used to decrease bone loss. * nasal spray form of this medication increases bone mass, limits spine fractures and may offer some pain relief. #isphosphonates, including *lendronate, markedly increase bone mass and pre ent both spine and hip fractures. 21T, *lendronate, )014s and calcitonin all offer the osteoporosis patient an opportunity to not only increase bone mass, but also to significantly reduce fracture risk. +re ention is preferable to waiting until treatment is necessary. .our orthopaedist is a medical doctor with extensi e training in the diagnosis and nonsurgical and surgical treatment of the musculoskeletal system, including bones, 5oints, ligaments, tendons, muscles and ner es. This brochure has been prepared by the *merican *cademy of 6rthopaedic )urgeons and is intended to contain current information on the sub5ect from recognized authorities. 2owe er, it does not represent official policy of the *cademy and its text should not be construed as excluding other acceptable iewpoints.

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