CNS: GEAS 4

CHEMISTRY 1. What was the first major demonstration of a chemical reaction that produced heat? A. mold C. ice B. fire * D. earthquake 2. During the Dark Ages, alchemists A. promised to turn lead into gold B. were the first true experimenting chemists C. discovered crystallization and distillation procedures D. all of these * 3. A hypothesis is A. container or performing experiments B. way to describe heat transfer between minerals C. sterile medical device D. statement or idea that describes or attempts to explain observable information* 4. Which early scientist accurately described the configuration of the Sun, Moon, and planets in relationship to each other? A. Linus Pauling C. Nicolas Copernicus * B. Claudius Ptolemy D. Leonardo da Vinci 5. An experiment is A. controlled testing of the properties of a substance or system through carefully recorded measurements * B. an uncontrolled testing of the properties of a substance or system through carefully recorded measurements C. a one-time reporting of a few observable characteristics D. a bad choice brought on by peer pressure 6. Who is said to be the founder of the scientific method? A. Alexander Fleming C. Galileo Galilei * B. Joseph Priestly D. Antone Lavoisier 7. A theory A. accounted for a rulers need to produce gold from zinc B. is the result of sudden aspiration during a lightning storm C. predicts the outcome of new testing based on past experimental data* D. is a type of atomic particle 8. John Dalton proposed the first theory on A. the rotation of the satellite around Saturn B. the characteristics of individual atoms and particles* C. the complex interaction of solids when melted D. the neutralization pf pH 9. A scientific law is based described as A. a series of rules made by the representatives of the government B. a good idea that many people agree voluntarily C. the transmutation of lead into gold D. a hypothesis or theory that is tested repeatedly with the same results and thought to be without exception*

10. The law of partial pressures can be best described by the following equation: A. Ptotal= P1 + P2 + P3 * B. Ptotal= (P1 + P2)/ P3 C. Ptotal= (P1 + P2 ) D. Ptotal= 2(P1 + P2 + P3) 11. A. B. C. D. 12. A. B. C. D. Chemistry is known as an attraction between two people an exact science an experimental science * a method to describe units of heat In 1670, Gabriel Mouton suggested a law of partial pressures the boiling point of alcohol The Sun as the center of the universe a decimal system of measurement *

13. The International System of Units (SI) ha how many base units? A. 4 B. 6 C. 7 * D. 9 14. A. B. C. D. 15. A. B. C. D. 16. A. B. C. D. 17. A. B. C. D. 18. A. B. C. D. 19. A. B. C. D. Exponential or scientific notation is method where numbers are written in powers of 10 * a shorthand method of number accounting a way to write very large and very small numbers all of these The number of digits recorded in a measurement is always whole numbers significant digits or figures * a way to count on your fingers the method of including all zeros Precision is described as more accurate than excision less accurate than two significant digits the closeness of two sets of measured groups of values * the equal spacing of numbers around a common number Accuracy is more precise than two significant digits the closeness pf two sets of measured groups of values only applicable to experimental measurement the closeness of a single measurement to its true value * Rounding is used primarily to sum up significant figures drop non-significant digits in calculation * drop digits greater than 5 increase all numbers to the most certain number Conversion factors make use of relationship between two units or quantities in fractional form * the fact that units are always written as whole numbers numbers which cannot be divided into smaller units a direct connection between weight and volume

20. Which of the units blow is an example of SI derived units? A. cm/m C. m/kg2 2 B. m/s D. m/ft2 Properties of Matter 21. A. B. C. D. 22. A. B. C. D. 23. A. B. C. D. 24. A. B. C. D. 25. A. B. C. D. 26. A. B. C. D. 27. A. B. C. D. 28. A. B. C. D. Matter is a legal term something found in the lower atmosphere anything that has mass and occupies space * anything that can be seen Atoms are found only in solid materials were thought to next to the smallest particles were first found in ants contain particles such as protons and neutrons * Physical properties of matter contain all heat-bearing compounds include color, form, density, and boiling point * are only visible under ultraviolet light are directly related to muscle mass Pure substances are homogenous and have unchanging chemical composition * are heterogeneous and have unchanging chemical compositions seldom exist in nature are found in cubic form only Antoine Lavoisier is called the father of modern chemistry identified 33 elements should have stayed away from government taxation all of these * Solids have measurable volume and can change shape are always heavy to transport are fixed and rigid with a measurable volume * change shape with little effort Chemical properties describe a materials behaviour when acted on by something else * are those things that can be seen are associated with waters freezing point are defined as solids, liquids, and gases An element is an animal, vegetable, or mineral is made up of pure chemical and not divided into simpler parts * can be separated into neutrons and protons is a six-sided solid

29. Percent A. comes from the Latin word machine

B. can be calculated for diamond facets C. is the number of parts of one material found in another * D. is an ancient form of Greek counting 30. A. B. C. D. Barium is green in color and melts at 627C never used in medicine a different compound completely when melted silvery white and found in the solid state *

Elements, Symbols, and the Periodic Table 31. A. B. C. D. 32. A. B. C. D. 33. A. B. C. D. When John Newlands made a list of the elements in the 1860s, he noticed the list seemed far longer than he remembered wrapped the list around his favourite mineral sample saw that the elements lined up and repeated in groups of eight * sae similarities between elements and called it Newlands rule Who published Die Modernen Theorien der Chemie in 1864? Johnnes Kepler Lothar Meyer * Antonie Baguyer de Chancourtois Dimitri Mendeleyv Currently, the modern Periodic Table contains how many elements? 57 88 109 between 112 and 118 depending which research papers you read *

34. Which of the following is not an elemental family group? A. halogen C. alkali metal B. rare Earth D. alloy * 35. The following are all names for the element sulphur, except A. schwefel C. selenur * B. svavel D. azufre 36. A. B. C. D. 37. A. B. C. D. Over 100 years ago, the Periodic table contained gaps because experimental data hinted at elements in between known elements * researchers couldnt agree on which elements to include experimental equipment wasnt accurate enough to find elements scientists didnt transcribe earlier Periodic Tables correctly The formula (C6H4Cl)2CHCCl3 is shorthand for what compound? acetyl chloride dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane* polypropylene dichloride chlorofluorocarbon

38. The standardized system of naming chemical compounds is called A. the Bernouli rule C. chemical nomenclature * B. the Periodic Table D. the Octave rule 39. All the metals listed below are solid at room temperature except A. mercury * C. molybdenum B. tin D. iron

40. A. B. C. D.

The 28 elements potassium(K) through krypton (Kr) are found in group 7 of the Periodic Table period 6 of the Periodic Table goupr 5 of the Periodic Table period 4 of the Periodic Table *

Atoms, Elements, and Compounds 41. A. B. C. D. 42. A. B. C. D. Electrons are sub-atomic particles with a +1 charge equal to the number of protons in a nucleus * said to be charmed sub-atomic particles with a +2 charge The plum pudding model of an atom was replaced bu the orbital theory of protons and neutrons * plum pudding model with currants Meyer model of electrons Octave rule

43. The modern concept of the atom was developed by A. E. W. Muller C. Lothar Meyer B. J.J. Thomson D. Ernest Rutherford 44. Protons share the dense nucleus with A. neutrons * C. quarks B. molecules D. atoms 45. A. B. C. D. The arrangement of atoms in a molecule can cause explosive reactions affect the reactivity of a molecule mean the difference between hadrons predict when it will be discovered *

46. The force that binds two or more atoms together is known as A. chemical bond * C. joules B. valence D. electromagnetism 47. A. B. C. D. 48. A. B. C. D. 49. A. B. C. D. A structural formula shows the calculated distance between atoms the molecular weight of a molecule the valency of oxygen how an element is connected to others in a molecule * An atom is 10-8 Angstroms in diameter is composed of different sub-particles * has only two electrons in each orbital shell is classified as strange and charmed A molecular formula gives the total number of moles in a compound is used only in derived chemical compounds gives the number of each elemental atom in a molecule * is handy to have, but doesnt include all the elements

50. A. B. C. D.

The neutron is a sub-atomic particle with no electric charge * with a -1 electric charge smaller than an electron with n counterpart within the atom

Electron Configuration 51. A. B. C. D. 52. A. B. C. D. 53. A. B. C. D. 54. A. B. C. D. 55. A. B. C. D. 56. A. B. C. D. 57. A. B. C. D. 58. A. B. C. D. 59. The Aufbau principle defines the undefined particles of the nucleus is a method used to describe an atoms ground state * provides radioactive levels of elements lists the negative and positive spin of atoms Electrons have a positive charge are unreactive in the metal group serve as the glue between nuclei of atoms * have only two outermost orbits Ionization energy of an is the amount of thrust is the energy a neutron cannot be calculated or is the energy needed to element needed to fly at mach speed generates observed detach an electron from an elemental atom *

Noble gases are highly reactive with helium are highly reactive with strontium are unreactive under normal conditions * are not related to nobility A bond between atoms in a molecule is made up of a shared electron pair * stronger than static electricity always located in the 3s orbital only a double bond Elements in column IV of the Periodic Table have three electrons with which to create bonds four electrons with which to create bonds * five electrons with which to create bonds unreactive bonding electrons for other elements The electron configuration of an atom is determined by the amount of kinetic energy present is found by calculating atomic mass is written as s, p, d, and f subshells described the specific distribution of electrons in a subshell * Freidrich Hund worked on calculating the energy signature of calcium the nature of electron spin the lowest energy arrangements of subshells electrons * his familys tulip farm until he was twelve The number of bonds an atom can form with other atoms

A. B. C. D. 60. A. B. C. D.

depends on its overall size is calculated using orbital theory depends on the specific gravity of the atom depends on the number of electrons it can share * The Pauli exclusion principle states that any atoms with a free s orbital can form bonds no two can occupy the same orbital unless their spins are different * two atoms sharing an orbital are matched exactly atoms of the same configuration do not change

Concentration and Molarity 61. A. B. C. D. 62. A. B. C. D. 63. A. B. C. D. 64. A. B. C. D. 65. A. B. C. D. 66. A. B. C. D. 67. A. B. C. D. Concentration is most important to understand chemistry is the volume per velocity of molecular movement can mean the difference between life and death * is found by mixing a weak acid and strong acid Percent mass of solution is used to find the amount of solute in solvent * is used to weigh grams onto a scientific balance never uses the total mass of the solute can be achieved without knowing the atomic weight of the chemicals involved Chemical concentrations are most often expressed as ppc (parts per centimeters) ppb (parts per billion) pgs (parts per gram solvent) ppm (Parts per million) * Molarity equals mass is used to find general amounts equals concentration * has the opposite function of polarity A mole has 102 atoms in a sample has the same number of atoms in a sample as 12 grams of is a small, black, furry rodent that lives underground is seldom used in modern chemical calculations Avogadros number is equal to 6.02 x 1023 is equal to 4.02 x 1023 is equal to 2.60 x 1023 is equal to 23.02 x 106

12

C *

atoms atoms atoms atoms

or or or or

molecules * molecules molecules molecules

Avogadros number was first suggested by Anastasia Avogadro has never been proven decisively is used to calculate the number of electrons in a sample is equal to one mole *

68. Empirical formulas A. show the elements proportions in a compound

B. indicate probable ideal gas combinations C. are always the same as the molecular formula D. give the whole number ration of elements in a compound * 69. Molar mass (MM) is measured in A. moles/solute B. grams/liter 70. A. B. C. D.

C. grams/mole * D. moles/solvent

In order to convert mass to moles, you need a calculator a list of atomic masses * the boiling point of the solvent a very sensitive scale

The Hydrogen Atom 71. A. B. C. D. Hydrogen is key to the making of candle wax bonding with carbon in organic molecules * radioactive reactions the formation of ozone

72. The atomic number of hydrogen is A. 1 * C. 3 B. 2 D. 4 73. In water molecules, how many oxygen atoms) combine with hydrogen atoms? A. 1 C. 3 B. 2 * D. 4 74. A. B. C. D. Reduction if the process of calculating the oxidation number of oxygen increasing the oxidation number of hydrogen losing hydrogen or electrons in a reaction gaining hydrogen or electrons in a reaction *

75. Hydrogen makes up roughly what % of the universes visible mass? A. 33% C. 70% B. 50% D. 90% * 76. A. B. C. D. 77. A. B. C. D. Oxidation is a (-) loss in a (+) gain in only possible a new form of

oxidation number* oxidation number with oxygen acne medication

When hydrogen sulphide burns in oxygen, the products are oxygen and sulphur are water and sulphur oxide * smell like tea tree oil smell like almonds

78. The number used to track electrons in a reaction is the A. atomic number C. ionization number B. reactant number D. oxidation number * 79. What are the parts of the opposite theory?

A. B. C. D.

organic and inorganic elements crystallizations and condensation oxidation and reduction * metals and non-metals

80. When one element causes he oxidation of another element, it is A. oxidized C. reduced * B. an acid D. a base Atomic Numbers and Ions 81. Monatomic ions A. are pretty boring B. have less than one oxygen 82. A. B. C. D. 83. A. B. C. D. 84. A. B. C. D. 85. A. B. C. D. 82. The chemical prefix bu means two atoms double the number of atoms containing hydrogen * containing oxygen Polyatomic ions have more than one atom * less than one ion of oxygen have only one type of atom contain polonium The chemical prefix hypo means less than one nitrogen atom triple the number of hydrogen atoms contains sulphur contains one less oxygen atom * Gaps were included in the first Periodic Table because they didnt understand the octet rule to allow for undiscovered elements * to make it easier to write on one page to eliminate arguments about placement

C. have only one atom * D. contain actinium

86. Polyatomic ions A. have no charge B. have an overall charge *

C. have ionic bonds D. contain only oxygen

87. 87. Iron can form how many ions? A. 4 C. 2 * B. 3 D. 1 88. A. B. C. D. 89. A. B. C. Germanium was discovered by a Swiss chemist named from the Greek word for geranium discovered in 1862 slid into an open gap in the first Period Table * Mendelevium with an atomic number 101 has 101 protons * was named after the scientist Gregor Mendel was discovered in 1855

D. has no isotopes 90. In chemistry, the lowest common multiple is A. a negative factor used in general mathematics B. easiest to use when the charge from one ion is used as the multiplier for the other ion * C. was first used by Albert Einstein D. is only used in group IIA of the Periodic Table Organic Chemistry and Functional Groups 91. A. B. C. D. Organic chemistry is based on nitrogen compound protein polymerization carbon-based compounds * the theory of particle-wave chemistry

92. Which of the following does not contain carbon? A. carbohydrates C. synthetic fibers B. jet fuel D. table salt * 93. The simplest hydrocarbon molecule is A. methane * C. propane B. ethane D. butane 94. The bond between the carbons in the ethane is A. single bond C. double bond * B. triple bond D. quadruple bond 95. Tetrahedral bonding angles of carbon are about A. 20 degrees C. 90 degrees B. 45 degrees D. 109 degrees * 96. A. B. C. D. 96. Alkanes are formed from NH2 groups an example of homologous series * composed of many different element groups. only found in organic compound reactions

97. Since ethyne is a linear molecule, the two carbons form a triple bond of A. 180 degree angles * C. 120 degree angles B. 45 degree angles D. 109 degree angles 98. A. B. C. D. 99. A. B. C. D. Bond polarity occurs in the northern hemisphere of the globe occurs when electron pairs are unequally shared between atoms * was discovered in 1862 is best seen in group VIII of the Periodic Table Saturated hydrocarbon compounds contain many double bonds in long chains contain triple bonds to oxygen molecules are open to hydrogen bonding contain only single bonds *

100. Carbon is A. the element that bonds with sulphur to from cyanide

B. unable to from triple bonds with nitrogen C. found in greater than 95% of all known chemicals * D. number 8 in the Periodic Table and has an atomic weight of 16 Radiochemistry 101. A. B. C. D. Radioactivity is best described as a radio signal accompany by energy flow violent reaction with water extremely low levels of visible energy release spontaneous disintegration of isotopes and radiation emission *

102. Frederick Soddy named isotopes from the Greek word iso meaning i) A. glowing C. easily seen ii) B. same place * D. brittle 103. Elements with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons are called i) A. alkali metals C. isotopes * ii) B. electron receptors D. covalent bonds 104. A. B. C. D. 105. A. B. C. D. 106. A. B. C. D. Beta () particles are ions of neutral charge negatively (-) charged particles * positively (+) charged particles non-existent in universe Tritium has 1 electron and 1 proton 1 electron and 1 neutron 2 protons and 2 electrons 1 proton and 2 neutrons * What is heavy water? water with mercury water made mostly from deuterium and oxygen * water made from 2 molecules of hydrogen an unreactive, neutral form of distilled water
24

107. What is the atomic number of A. 8 B. 12 * 108. A. B. C. D. 109. A. B. C. D.

Mg? C. 22 D. 37

Radioactive decay generally occurs within seconds gives off a great amount of heat takes place as a transforming process over years all of these * Which 2, 8, 2, 8, 2, 8, 2, 8, of the following are all magic numbers? 20, 28, 50, 82, 114 * 20, 26, 82 12, 22, 50, 82, 114 18, 24, 48, 60, 82

110. Transmutation occurs when the A. electrons are thrown off in a reaction

B. low-speed interaction occurs between metals C. neutrons have the same magic number as electrons D. nucleus of an element is hit by particles of another element * Metals 111. Which of the following element groups are most widely known? A. halogens C. transition metals * B. metalloids D. lanthanides 112. Which element is the best conductor of electricity? A. gold C. copper B. silver * D. aluminium 113. A. B. C. D. 114. A. B. C. D. 115. A. B. C. D. 116. A. B. C. D. Most metals are naturally fond as pure metals in limestone rock in steam beds combined with other elements in ores * Gold is the most malleable and ductile metal * not used in jewelry not an obsession for alchemists always used to fill cavities in teeth How do electrons behave in metal elements? they are highly reactive they form long, linear molecules they float around in metal ions like broth * they react in ion pairs What is re benefit of electron sharing? the bonds are easily broken softer, more ductile alloys are formed inner shell electrons can be used it is a much more efficient use of energy *

117. Which metal wins the friendliest award? A. sodium B. nickel C. mercury

D. iron *

118. Which two metals combine to give galvanized metal? A. lead and iron C. silver and aluminum B. zinc and iron * D. lead and silver 119. Which of the following elements are stored in oil to prevent explosions? A. lithium * C. ytterbium B. actinium D. strontium 120. A. B. C. D. When naming compounds metals come after metal salts two non-metals are named alphabetically metal come before hydrogen metals come before non-metals *

121. A chemical bond is a A. good interaction between friends

B. poor possibility with alkali metals C. relationship between atoms in a molecule * D. heat sensitive reaction inside the nucleus 122. A. B. C. D. 123. A. B. C. D. 124. A. B. C. D. Generally, ionic bonds form between two metals * a metal and oxygen a metal and a halogen two non-metals and two carbons Ionic bond occurs with only one type in the presence of when electrons are in the presence of

of anion high temperature transferred from one element to another * uranium

Electronegativity describes the bad attitudes of chemists when experiments dont worl inability to maintain charge electron loss in a covalent bond ability of an atom in a covalent bond to pull electrons to itself *

125. The shared electron pair in a molecule is called A. ionic bonding C. non-polar ionic bonding B. covalent bonding* D. isomer transfer 126. The ease with which electrons are lost in a covalent bond is though of as A. electropositivity* C. valence exchange B. electronegativity D. electromagnetism 127. Which American chemist first described the electrical difference of bonds? A. Antoine Lavoisier C. Albert Einstien B. Stephen Hawking D. Linus PAuling * 128. Which of the following is the most electronegative element? A. gold C. bromine B. silver D. fluorine * 129. A. B. C. D. 130. A. B. C. D. A dipole moment describes the diatomic formation of two elements occurs when all electrons circle the nucleus equally is a measurement of the charge separation in parts of a molecule * is composed of two polonium isotopes When electrons are shared unequally no reaction occurs it is called polar covalent bonding * the electrical charge is always positive only group IIA elements of the Periodic Table will react

Acids and Bases 131. A. B. C. D. Which of the following is not a property of an acid? has a pH > 7.0 * releases hydrogen (H+) ions when added to water causes chemical burns none of these

132. A. B. C. D. 133. A. B. C. D.

A base has a pH < 7.0 does not cause chemical burns does not ionize in water is any solution that releases hydroxide (OH) ions in water * The the the the the pH scale measures weight of a liquid acidity of a liquid * temperature of a liquid density of a liquid

134. Which of the following is not a rule of thumb for deciding whether or not a solution is an acid? A. in dilute solutions, acids taste bitter * B. litmus paper changes from blue to red C. acids react with metals like iron, magnesium, and zinc and release hydrogen gas D. when combined with bases, the products are water and salt 135. Which of the following is not a rule of thumb for deciding whether or not a solution is a base? A. In dilute solutions, bases taste bitter B. litmus paper changes from red to blue C. bases react with acid to form water and salt D. bases feel sticky and tacky between the fingers on the skin * 136. A. B. C. 136. An acid is considered a strong acid when combined with a base and gives off a very pungent odor it has a pH value > 9.0 it completely ionizes in water and gives up a proton to water to from a hydronium ion, H3O+ * D. it has strong conjugate base

137. A Bronsted-Lowry acid A. changes litmus paper from red to blue B. donates a proton in a reaction while a base is on the receiving end of the proto transfer * C. is a classification of a strong acid D. ionizes almost completely water 138. To be amphoteric A. a stronger acid will be transformed into products that include a weaker acid B. it is the element in the reaction that oxidizes another element while at the same time being reduced itself C. a stronger base ionizes almost completely in water, while weak bases do not D. an ion or more molecule an serve as either an acid or base in a reaction, but has no protons (H+) 139. A. B. C. D. Oxidation is when a compound loses oxygen, gains hydrogen or gains electrons when a solution releases hydrogen (H+) ions when added to water when a compound gains oxygen, loses hydrogen, or loses electrons * when acids and bases can accept protons in one reaction then turn around and donate in a subsequent reaction

140. Chemists Johannes Bronsted and Thomas Lowry A. created litmus paper B. discovered buffers as sets of compounds that react with and occupy hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) C. established the pH scale D. described acids and bases while studying how proton transfer occurs * Solids 141. A. B. C. D. Amorphous solids are generally very dense have no specific form * become very rigid when heated melt very fast when heated

142. Which of the following is not true of a crystalline solid? A. they are arranged into regular shapes based on a cube; simple, central, and face centered B. they can be predictably cut or broken along set lines C. they tend to be very unstable and can change state very easily * D. the atoms go together into specific crystal patterns of an ordered lattice or framework 143. Which of the following is not a type of solid? A. anatomic* C. covalent B. metallic D. ionic 144. Stable molecules that give them flexibility and allow them to be formed into sheets and strands without breaking is a property of what type of soloid? A. anatomic C.covalent B. metallic * D. ionic 145. of A. B. 146. A. B. C. D. A solid that forms a lattice with the outside points made up of ions instead large molecules is what type of solid? anatomic C. covalent molecular D. ionic * Which is not a property of a covalent bond? The very stable bonding produces high melting and boiling points The contrasting forces give these solids high melting points * They are held together by single covalent bonds Nets, chains, and balls of carbon bonded into stable molecules make these solids hard and stable The role of temperature in a solid is secondary to pressure only important to transition metals a major player in what form an element takes at room temperature * insignificant Metals found in the middle of the Periodic Table share a lot of the same characteristics * rarely react with other elements have almost the same properties of gold are limited to reaction with oxygens

147. A. B. C. D. 148. A. B. C. D.

149. Gases are solids when

A. B. C. D. 150. A. B. C. D.

there is an excess of oxygen in the reaction combined with lead or zinc not in the liquid phase the pressure is high and he temperature lowered to sub-zero levels * Molecules in solids are always shaped into a lattice have very little movement due to high density * bond easily to carbon are seldom organic in composition

Liquids 151. A. B. C. D. Density is determined by the boiling point of the liquid measured in grams per milliliter * the capability of the liquid to flow or not flow freely the measurement of how much gas can be dissolved in the liquid

152. Relative density (specific gravity) A. is the ration of the density of a sample in liquid form divided by the density of the sample in solid form B. is the ratio of the boiling point of liquid at atmospheric pressure divided by the boiling point of a liquid at two atmospheres C. measures volume of a sample when placed in water D. is the ratio of the density of a sample at 20C divided byt eh density of water at 4C. * 153. A. B. C. D. Viscosity is the temperature at which a liquid turns to a vapor (gas) at atmospheric pressure temperature at which a vapor condenses into a liquid capability of a liquid to flow or not flow freely at room temperature * ability of liquid molecules to turn to vapor

154. In the petroleum industry, the separation of different parts of naturally occurring crude oil and the collection of many products is an example of A. vaporization C. condensation B. surface tension D. fractionation * 155. A. B. C. D. 156. A. B. C. D. 157. A. B. C. D. The stronger the molecular forces between molecules the lower the boiling point of a liquid more viscous a liquid * easier it is to condense weaker the surface tension Surface tension is the force that pulls molecules down and to the sides * is tha capability of a liquid to flow or not flow freely at room temperature measures evaporation rate of a liquid is the surfave of the liquid where evaporation takes place Vaporization is when a vapor turns to a liquid is the capability of a liquid to flow or not flow freely at room temperature is when a solid turns into a liquid is the way that molecules change from a solid or liquid to vapor *

158. A. B. C. D. 159. A. B. C. D.

Boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals temperature is the pressure at which mercury becomes a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure * is always longer when you are watching and waiting for it to boil Solubility takes place when one compound is dissolved into another * only happens with solutions containing acetone of two or more mixing solutions cannot be performed is a reaction that takes place in the sun

160. Dynamic equilibrium A. occurs when both forward and reverse reactions happen at the same rate and time * B. is achieved only in open containers C. Occurs when a measuring cylinder is balanced two glass rods D. Occurs when pressure and atmosphere are equal 161. A. B. C. D. 162. A. B. C. D. Which of the following is not a true statement about gases? they are at least compacted form of matter they are more active than liquid they prefer to be as far as possible from each other some gases take on very distinct shapes * Which of the following is not true about kinetic energy? it is a type of energy a gas uses to stay in motion it is named after the scientist Sorensen Kinet * it can be very easily calculated kinetic energy = mv2

163. Boyles laws describes A. the ideal gas law B. the relationship of atmospheric pressure and temperature C. describes when temperature is held constant, a volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure * D. an idea that does not apply to ideal gas laws 164. Charles law explains A. how gases are always on the move B. how equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure have equal number of molecules C. the relationship of gas volume and gas pressure D. whe pressure is held constant, a volume of gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature * 165. Gay-Lussacs law explains A. when volume is held constant, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature * B. when pressure is held constant, the volume of gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature C. shen temperature is held constant, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure D. the effect on changing temperature on gases 166. Daltons law of partial pressures states that when

A. temperature is constant and the gas volume expands, pressure equals a portion of the original B. more than one gas mixes with one or more different gases, the pressure of each gas will add together to give the total pressure of the mixture * C. more than one gas mixes with one or more different gases, the total pressure of the mixture will be the same as the heaviest gas D. gases come together, only two will combine at any one time 167. A. B. C. D. Which of the it stays the it is caused the standard 1 atmosphere following is not true about atmospheric pressure? same regardless of elevation * by the force of the air molecules that push against a unit area unit of pressure is called torr is found at sea level

168. When gases expand and mix with other gases to fill available space, it is called A. vaporization C. solidification B. evaporation D. diffusion* 169. In the equation PV = n RT, n is equal to A. pressure C. number of moles of gas * B. volume D. temperature 170. The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperate in A. Boyles law C. Boyds law B. Gay-Lussacs law * D. Charles law Biochemistry, Nanotechnology, and the Future 171. Single-celled organisms break down organic molecules through A. vaporization C. metabolism * B. cell division D. evaporation 172. Organic protein molecules serve living systems in which of the following ways? A. strength C. messengers B. transport D. all of these * 173. A. B. C. D. Paul Ehrlich received the Nobel Prize in 1948 for his treatment of mad cow disease is known as the father of chemotherapy * discovered chemical solutions that kill microorganism and patients worked exclusively with chitin protein in crab shells

174. The core of hemoglobin molecule is A. iron * C. zinc B. gold D. magnesium 175. A. B. C. D. Macromolecules are ionic compounds found in minerals covalently bonded molecules of large size * about 2 millimeters long can be found in mercury solution

176. Amino acids are A. based on ethyl subgroups B. bonded by (OH-)bonds

C. available as supplement to improve eyesight D. bonded by peptide (C-N) bonds * 177. A. B. C. D. 178. A. B. C. D. 179. A. B. C. D. Ozone is made up of NH3 molecules increasing all the time made up of O3 molecules * located 250 miles up in the atmosphere The three main types of radiation given off during decay are neutrino waves alpha, beta, and gamma rays * tachyn emissions alpha, beta, and zeta rays Nanotechnology is the study of elements at the single atom level 10-6 meters found outside a cell nucleus found only in platinum samples of high density at the single atom level 10-9 meters *

180. When no molecules can be broken down, they are A. biodegradable * C. vaporized B. catalytic D. saturated