M Materials en

EOSINT M Materials
for Direct Metal Laser-Sintering (DMLS)

EOS offers a range of application-optimized metal
powder materials for EOSINT M systems
Commercially available DMLS materials
Material name Material type Typical applications
Injection moulding tooling;

DirectMetal 20 Bronze-based mixture
functional prototypes
Injection moulding tooling;
DirectSteel H20 Steel-based mixture
functional prototypes
Injection moulding series tooling;
EOS MaragingSteel MS1* 18 Mar 300 / 1.2709
engineering parts
Stainless steel Functional prototypes and series
EOS StainlessSteel 17-4
17-4 PH / 1.4542 parts; engineering and medical
Functional prototypes and series
EOS CobaltChrome MP1 CoCrMo superalloy
parts; engineering, medical, dental
EOS Titanium Ti64* Ti6Al4V light alloy
parts; aerospace, motor sport etc.
EOS Titanium TiCP* Pure titanium
parts; medical, dental
For system requirements please refer to information quotes or ask for details
* under development
Source: EOS
EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 2

Contents
— DirectMetal 20
— DirectSteel H20
— EOS MaragingSteel MS1
— EOS StainlessSteel 17-4
— EOS CobaltChrome MP1
— EOS Titanium
— Examples of other possible future materials
Source: EOS

DirectMetal 20

DirectMetal 20 - bronze-based material for
rapid tooling and rapid functional prototypes
Characteristics and applications
— Key characteristics
• good mechanical properties
• very fast build rate
• very easy to finish
— Typical applications
• injection mould tool inserts for
moulding up to hundreds of
thousands of plastic parts
• other tooling applications
• prototype parts, e.g. for functional
tests, wind tunnel testing etc.
injection mould insert propeller prototype for
• fixtures, test parts etc.
(Source:: EGi, EOS) wind tunnel testing
Source: EOS, EGi

DirectMetal 20 quickly and easily produces
functional tooling and parts
Key properties
— Mechanical properties
• UTS: approx. 400 MPa
• yield strength: approx. 200 MPa
• Young’s Modulus: approx. 80 GPa
• hardness: 115 HV
— Physical properties
• min. remaining porosity : 8 %
• surface porosity closed by
micro-shot-peening
• massive parts typically built using
Skin & Core build strategy
• max. operating temperature 400 °C
Source: EOS

DirectSteel H20

DirectSteel H20 - steel-based material for
heavy-duty tooling and prototyping
• high strength and wear resistance
• dense, highly polishable surfaces
• injection mould tool inserts for
moulding up to millions of plastic
parts
• other tooling applications, e.g. die
casting, extrusion
• prototype parts
Injection mould tool inserts in DirectSteel H20 (right Bosch,

left Kashiyama)
Source: EOS, Bósch, Kashiyama

DirectSteel H20 produces heavy-duty tool inserts
with highly polishable surfaces
Key properties
— Mechanical properties
• UTS: approx. 1100 MPa
• yield strength: approx. 800 MPa
• Young’s Modulus: approx. 180 GPa
• hardness: 35 - 42 HRC
• min. remaining porosity : <0.5 %
• massive parts typically built using
Skin & Core build strategy
• max. operating temperature 1100 °C
Micrograph of laser-sintered DirectSteel H20

part, etched
Source: EOS

DirectSteel H20 has similar behaviour to
conventional steel materials
Typical tensile testing behaviour of DirectSteel H20

Stress (MPa)
Horizontal sample
laser-sintered on
EOSINT M250 Xtended
Strain (%)
Source: EOS

EOS MaragingSteel MS1

Various types of steels are conventionally used for
injection moulds, depending on the requirements
Summary of tool steel types with examples

Examples / designations
Material type Characteristics & applications
AISI / Material No. / German
Hard surface but low toughness.
Nitriding steels ---- / 1.7735 / 14 CrMoV 6 9
Used for screws and extruders
Case-hardened P4 / 1.2341 / X 6 CrMo 4 Case-hardening: hard surface with
steels P21 / 1.2764 / X 19 NiCrMo 4 tough core; warpage risk
Through-hardened H11 / 1.2343 / X 38 CrMoV 5 1 Typ. precipitation hardening. High

steels D2 / 1.2379 / X 155 CrVMo 12 1 hardness but low toughness
18 Mar 300 / 1.2709 / Age hardening: hard and tough,

Maraging steels
X 3 NiCoMoTi 18 9 5 very low shrinkage
Pre-hardened P20 / 1.2311 / 40 CrMnMo 7
No post-hardening needed
steels P20+S / 1.2312 / 40 CrMnMoS 8 6
Corrosion- 420SS / 1.2083 / X 42 Cr 12 For moulding corrosive plastics,

resistant steels ---- / 1.2316 / X 36 CrMo 17 e.g. PVC
Source: Mold-Making Handbook, ed. Menning, 1998

Maraging steels are high performance, hardenable
steels typically used for e.g. aerospace and tooling
Characteristics of standard maraging steels
— Maraging = "mar"tensite + "aging" [treatment]
— Low-carbon steels with martensitic structure

• e.g. 18 Mar 300 / 1.2709 / X 3 NiCoMoTi 18 9 5 has 0.2% carbon
— In solution-annealed condition has high strength (~1,000 MPa) but can be easily
machined
— Age-hardenable up to approx. 55 HRC hardness and much increased strength

• e.g. 6 hours at 490°C
— Originally developed as high-strength steels for aerospace, also conventionally

used for injection moulding tools with particularly complex cavities
Source: Mold-Making Handbook, ed. Menning, 1998

Maraging steels are noted for their high strength,
high crack resistance and simple hardening
Quotes from www.wikipedia.org
— "Maraging steel is an iron alloy which is known for possessing superior strength
without losing malleability. ... Maraging steel is essentially free of carbon, which
distinguishes it from most other types of steel. The result is a steel which
• Possesses high strength and toughness
• Allows for easy machining with minimal distortion
• Has uniform, predictable shrinkage during heat treatment
• Can be easily nitrided
• Resists corrosion and crack propagation
• Can be finely polished"
— Maraging steels "Offer the best available combination of ultra-high yield and tensile
strength, ductility and fracture toughness of any ferrous materials. Can retain
strength at least up to 350°C. ... Readily machinable. .... Possible to finish-machine
before aging. Very little dimensional change after aging treatment. Parts uniformly
harden throughout the entire section because they have high hardenability. Exhibit
good weldability."
Source: www.wikipedia.org, 2006

Maraging steels are noted for their high strength,
high crack resistance and simple hardening
Quotes from www.key-to-steel.com
— "Maraging steels work well in electro-mechanical components where ultra-high

strength is required, along with good dimensional stability during heat treatment.
Several desirable properties of maraging steels are:
• Ultra-high strength at room temperature
• Simple heat treatment, which results in minimum distortion
• Superior fracture toughness compared to quenched and tempered steel of similar strength level
• Low carbon content, which precludes decarburization problems
• Easily fabricated
• Good weldability"
— "As compared with martensite-hardenable carbon-containing steels, carbonless

maraging steels show, for the same strength, a substantially greater resistance to
brittle fracture, which is their most remarkable merit. On tempering to the maximum
strength, the ductility indices and impact toughness, though diminish somewhat, still
remain rather high. The high ductility of the carbonless matrix and the high dispersity
of uniformly distributed intermetallic precipitates are responsible for a very high
resistance to cracking, which is the most valuable property of modern high-strength
structural materials."
Source: www.key-to-steel.com, 2006

Maraging steels offer excellent properties for
manufacturing and tooling applications
Quotes from www.maraging.com
— "Maraging in Tool & Die Making

• Maraging has a significant cost advantage over other alloys. Uniform predictable
shrinkage during heat treatment means Maraging does not require excessive
reworking. It is easily machined. Its hardness and strength allow it to withstand
the repeated pressures of compression molding for longer tool life with a very good
surface finish."
— "Maraging in Manufacturing
• Maraging's ability to expand without cracking make it the material of choice for drill
chucks. Its uniform machinability and durability make it ideal for producing gears
in sophisticated robotic arms in assembly lines, and its high strength and wear
resistance make it perfect for grippers in automation lines. Other Maraging
(Vascomax) benefits for the manufacturing arena include excellent polishability and
weldability with pre- or post heating."
Source: www.maraging.com, 2006

EOS MaragingSteel MS1 - high performance
steel for series tooling and other applications
• 18 Maraging 300 type steel (1.2709,
X3NiCoMoTi18-9-5)
• fully melted to full density for high
strength and polishability
• easily machinable as-built
• age hardenable up to approx. 55 HRC
• good thermal conductivity
• series injection moulding, also for high
volume production
• other tooling applications, e.g. die Injection mould insert with conformal
casting cooling, built in EOS MaragingSteel MS1
• high performance parts, e.g. for

aerospace applications
Source: EOS, Oase

EOS MaragingSteel MS1 is a high performance
steel for series tooling and other applications
Key properties (provisional data)
— Mechanical properties as built (EOSINT M270)

— Mechanical properties after age hardening (6 hours

at 490°C)
• UTS: > 1900 MPa
• yield strength: > 1700 MPa
• Relative density: approx. 100 %
200 internally cooled pin inserts for

injection moulding, built in EOS
MaragingSteel MS1. Source: LBC GmbH
Source: EOS, LBC

EOS StainlessSteel 17-4

EOS StainlessSteel 17-4 - stainless steel material
for prototyping and series production
• raw material corresponds to 17-4
(1.4542, X5CrNiCuNb16-4)
• corrosion-resistance
• excellent ductility
• engineering applications including
functional prototypes, small series
products, individualised products
or spare parts
• parts requiring high corrosion Demonstration part in EOS Benchmark test geometry in
StainlessSteel 17-4, partly EOS StainlessSteel 17-4.
resistance, sterilisability, etc. polished Source: NASA / General
• parts requiring particularly high Pattern.
toughness and ductility
Source: EOS

EOS StainlessSteel 17-4 opens up new applications
due to its corrosion resistance
Medical devices, food processing etc.
Sieve in EOS StainlessSteel 17-4 Medical devices in

for packaging machinery for EOS StainlessSteel 17-4.
foodstuffs. Source: PEP / DePuy
Source: EOS, PEP / DePuy

EOS StainlessSteel 17-4 opens up new applications
due to its aesthetic appearance
Designer products
— Metal shifter knob for new

concept vehicle
• eye-catching hollow,
lightweight look
• surface machined to match
metal trim components
• premiered at Los Angeles
Auto Show 2006 Volkswagen's GX3 concept
vehicle
• attendees asking, "How did
you do that?"
• opens up possibility of
economic production of
Designer shifter knob in
customized or limited edition EOS StainlessSteel 17-4
shifter knobs
Source: EOS, Volkswagen N.A.

EOS StainlessSteel 17-4 is an industrially accepted
stainless steel material
Chemistry and metallurgy

Content
Element
— Composition corresponds to US 17-4 (by weight)
and European 1.4542
Iron balance
— Metallurgy of as-sintered material Manganese max. 1 %

characterized by laser processing
• very fast melting and solidification Molybdenum max. 0.5 %
• microstructure and properties are not
identical to cast- or wrought-type Nickel 3-5%
alloy max. 1 %
Silicon
Carbon max. 0.07 %
Chromium 15 - 17.5 %
Copper 3-5%
Source: EOS

EOS StainlessSteel 17-4 produces fully dense parts
Physical & thermal properties
— Relative density: approx. 100 %
— Density: approx. 7.8 g/cm³
— Max. operating temperature 550 °C
— Thermal conductivity:
• at 20 °C: 13 W/m°C
• at 100 °C: 14 W/m°C
• at 200 °C: 15 W/m°C
Micrograph of laser-sintered EOS
• at 300 °C: 16 W/m°C StainlessSteel 17-4 in solution-annealed and
H1150 aged condition showing fully remelted,
— Coefficient of thermal expansion: dense structure
• 20 – 600 °C: 14 x10-6 m/m°C
Source: EOS; NCMS / General Pattern

EOS StainlessSteel 17-4 produces fully dense parts
Optical micrograph
Optical micrograph of EOS

StainlessSteel 17-4.
Top view
100µm
Micrograph of laser-sintered EOS StainlessSteel 17-4 showing fully

remelted, dense structure. Side view along the layers
Source: EOS; Helsinki University of Technology

EOS StainlessSteel 17-4 produces parts with good
mechanical properties
Mechanical properties
Property Horizontal orientation Vertical orientation
1050 ±50 MPa 980 ±50 MPa

Ultimate tensile strength, MPa 152 ±7.3 ksi 142 ±7.3 ksi
540 ±50 MPa 500 ±50 MPa

Yield strength (Rp 0.2 %), MPa
78 ±7.3 ksi 72,5 ±7.3 ksi
170 ±20 GPa
Young’s Modulus (GPa) n/a
25 ±3 msi
Remaining elongation 25 ±5 %
Surface hardness
- as laser-sintered 230 ±20 HV1

- (ground & polished) (250-400 HV1) *
* Work hardening effect
Source: EOS

EOS StainlessSteel 17-4 produces parts with good
mechanical properties and excellent ductility
Typical tensile testing behaviour of EOS StainlessSteel 17-4

Stress (MPa)
Strain (%)
Source: EOS

EOS CobaltChrome MP1

EOS CobaltChrome MP1 - CoCrMo superalloy
material for prototyping and series production
• high strength, temperature and
corrosion resistance
• biocompatibility
• fulfils ISO 5832-4 and ASTM F75
(cast CoCrMo implant alloys), and
most of ISO 5832-12 and ASTM
F1537 (wrought CoCrMo implants)
• high-temperature engineering
applications, e.g. turbines
• medical implants Engine exhausts in EOS Knee implant in EOS
CobaltChrome MP1 CobaltChrome MP1
• dental devices
Source: EOS; Knee implant: Stryker Orthopaedics

EOS CobaltChrome MP1 is a biomedical
CoCrMo alloy
Chemistry and metallurgy
— Biomedical CoCrMo alloy, composition

UNS R31538:
• Co: 63-65 wt-%
• Cr: 27-29 wt-%
• Mo: 5-7 wt-%
• Si, Mn: < 1 wt-%
• Fe: < 0.75 wt-%
• C: 0.15 wt-%
— Nickel free, contains < 0.05 wt-% of Dot-mapping analysis of SEM micrographs of cross-
section through laser-sintered sample.
nickel
Left: Co distribution Right: Cr distribution
— Uniform, fine distribution of elements
• see picture
Source: EOS, EU-CRAFT Project “HIPED HIPS II”, photographs by PERA.

EOS CobaltChrome MP1 produces parts with very
fine 0.3-0.6 µm grain size
Micrographs
Micrographs of EOS CobaltChrome MP1 samples, laser-sintered on EOSINT M 270 and etched
Left: 10x optical micrograph Middle: 1000x SEM micrograph Right: 5000x SEM micrograph
Source: EOS

EOS CobaltChrome MP1 is fully dense with only skin
or with Skin&Core parameters
Micrographs
Micrographs of EOS CobaltChrome MP1 samples, laser-sintered on EOSINT M 270 and etched
Left: 100x SEM micrograph of only skin parameters Right: 100x SEM micrograph of faster Skin&Core
Source: EOS

EOS CobaltChrome MP1 produces fully dense parts
suitable for high-temperature operation
Physical & thermal properties
— Relative density: approx. 100 %
— Density: 8.29 g/cm³
— Max. operating temperature 1150 °C
— Melting range: 1350-1430 °C
— Thermal conductivity:
• at 20 °C: 13 W/m°C Micrograph of laser-sintered EOS
• at 300 °C: 18 W/m°C CobaltChrome MP1 showing fully remelted,
• at 500 °C: 22 W/m°C dense structure
• at 1000 °C: 33 W/m°C
— Coefficient of thermal expansion:

• 20 – 500 °C: 13.6 x10-6 m/m°C
• 500 – 1000 °C: 15.1 x10-6 m/m°C
Source: EOS

EOS CobaltChrome MP1 produces parts with
excellent mechanical properties
Mechanical properties at 20 °C
Property Horizontal orientation Vertical orientation
1400 MPa ± 50 MPa 1150 MPa ± 50 MPa

Ultimate tensile strength, MPa 203 ksi ± 7 ksi 167 ksi ± 7 ksi
960 MPa ± 50 MPa 880 MPa ± 50 MPa

Yield strength (Rp 0.2 %), MPa
139 ksi ± 7 ksi 128 ksi ± 7 ksi
210 GPa ± 10 GPa 200 GPa ± 20 GPa
Young’s Modulus (GPa)
30 msi ± 1.5 msi 29 msi ± 3 msi
Remaining elongation
- as laser-sintered 9-13 % 8-10 %
- after hot isostatic pressing 21-24 %
Surface hardness 40-45 HRC
Note: Mechanical properties improve with increased operation temperature up to

500-600 °C
Source: EOS

EOS CobaltChrome MP1 produces parts with
excellent mechanical properties
Tensile behaviour
Tensile behaviour of EOS CobaltChrome MP1 sample laser-sintered on EOSINT M 270

Left: horizontal orientation Right: vertical orientation
Source: EOS

EOS CobaltChrome MP1 parts fulfil relevant
industrial standards well
Comparison with cast and wrought material
— Properties fulfil ISO 5832-4 and ASTM F75 of cast CoCrMo implant alloys
— Properties fulfil ISO 5832-12 and ASTM F1537 of wrought CoCrMo implants alloys,
except remaining elongation
• also elongation requirement can be fulfilled by using hot isostatic pressing
Source: EOS

EOS CobaltChrome SP1 - special purpose CoCrMo
superalloy for veneered dental restorations
• high strength, temperature and
corrosion resistance
• thermal characterisitcs suitable for
veneering with dental ceramic
• dental restorations (crowns,
bridges etc.)
— Availability
• custom development for Sirona
Dental restorations in
• available by special agreement EOS CobaltChrome SP1
Source: EOS

EOS Titanium Ti64 / TiCP

Titanium alloys offer a unique combination of
properties for many biomedical applications
Summary of important biomedical properties
— Excellent corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and bioadhesion
— Titanium and its alloys are used for many biomedical and dental applications
(implants, screws, crowns...)
Property Stainless steel Titanium alloys CrCo alloys Nb/Ta
Corrosion resistance ++
O + ++
Biocompatibility ++
O + ++
Bioadhesion O ++
Price ++ + + -
Source: EOS

Titanium alloys offer a unique combination of
properties for many engineering applications
Summary of important engineering properties
— Light weight material with high specific strength (strength per weight)
— Ti6Al4V with high strength also at elevated temperatures
— The combination of mechanical properties and the corrosion resistance is the basis
for applications in Formula 1 and aerospace
Source: EOS

Various grades of Titanium (alloys) are commonly
used in industrial applications
Summary of the most important Ti materials
Material name Composition Typical applications
CP Ti grade 1 Ti; O <0.18%; N <0.03% Medical and dental
Medical and dental,

CP Ti grade 2 Ti; O <0.25%, N <0.03%
chemical industry
CP Ti grade 3 Ti; O <0.35%, N < 0.05% Medical and dental
CP Ti grade 4 Ti; O < 0.40%, N < 0.05% Medical and dental
Ti; Al 6%; V 4%; Aerospace, motor sport, sports

Ti6Al4V (grade 5)
O <0.20%, N < 0.05% goods, medical and dental
Ti6Al4V ELI Ti; Al 6%; V 4%; Medical and dental

O <0.15%, N < 0.05%
CP = commercially pure, ELI = extra-low interstitials
Source: EOS

Various grades of Titanium (alloys) are commonly
used in industrial applications
Mechanical properties of conventional barstock
Material name Tensile strength (*) [ MPa ] Elongation at break (*) [%]
CP Ti grade 1 240 24
Ti6Al4V (grade 5) 895 10
CP = commercially pure, ELI = extra-low interstitials

(*) Source: Euro-Titan Handels AG, Solingen, Germany
Source: EOS

EOS Titanium - light alloy materials for prototyping
and series production
— Several versions will be available

• EOS Titanium Ti64 (Ti6Al4V)
• EOS Titanium Ti64 ELI
(higher purity)
• EOS Titanium TiCP
(commercially pure)
• lightweight
• high strength
— Typical applications Dental device built in EOS Spinal implants built in EOS
Titanium Ti64 Titanium Ti64
• aerospace and engineering
applications
• biomedical implants
Source: EOS

Due to its high reactivity, EOS Titanium is
processed on a special version of EOSINT M 270
System requirements
— Hardware and software requirements

• argon atmosphere from external bottles
• cylindrical radial-flow nozzle in process chamber
• additional safety features
• special version of PSW to control additional features
• titanium building platforms
Source: EOS

EOS Titanium Ti64 parts fulfil relevant industrial
standards and relevant requirements
Physical and chemical properties
• laser-sintered density: approx. 100 %
• only single pores
— Chemical properties
• laser-sintered parts fulfil requirements of ASTM F1472 (for Ti6Al4V) and ASTM
F136 (for Ti6Al4V ELI) regarding maximum concentration of impurities
• oxygen < 2000ppm or 1500ppm
• nitrogen < 700ppm
— Bioadhesion
• cell growth tested with good results
Source: EOS

EOS Titanium Ti64 produces fully dense parts
with dendritic, martensitic grain structure
Metallurgy
— Typically martensitic structure

with grains growing from layer
to layer
• preferential Z orientation
• grain size >> layer thickness
Optical micrographs of laser-sintered EOS Titanium Ti64, showing

fully dense structure (only single pores) and dendritic, martensitic
structure with preferential orientation
Source: EOS, EADS

EOS Titanium Ti64 produces parts with excellent
Mechanical properties (provisional)
Property Horizontal orientation

ValueVertical orientation
Ultimate tensile strength approx. 1100 MPa approx. 159 ksi
Yield strength (Rp 0.2 %) approx. 1000 MPa approx. 145 ksi
Young’s Modulus approx. 120 GPa approx. 17 msi
Elongation at break approx. 8%
Hardness approx. 450 HV ≈ 45 HRC ≈ 425 HB
Source: EOS

Properties of EOS Titanium Ti64 are comparable to
or better than with conventional manufacturing
GPa,
MPa x10 Ti6Al4V, Ti6Al4V, Ti6Al4V, forged % HV
EOSINT M 270 PM + HIP DIN ISO 5832-3
1400 14
500
1200 12
400
1000 10
800 8 300
600 6
200
400 4
100
200 2
0 0 0
Ultimate tensile Young’s Elongation Hardness **)
strength Modulus*) at break
*) No values available for Ti6Al4V, forged DIN ISO 5832-3 **) No values available for Ti6Al4V, PM+HIP
Source: EOS

EOS Titanium Ti64 produces parts with excellent
Typical tensile testing behaviour of EOS Titanium Ti64

Stress (MPa)
Strain (%)
Source: EOS

Many different kinds of parts have been built in
EOS Titanium Ti64
Examples of parts built in EOS Titanium Ti64
Source: EOS, Protocast, Technikon

EOS Titanium TiCP produces fully dense parts
with very fine, uniform grain structure
z y
x x
Optical micrographs of laser-sintered EOS Titanium TiCP (commercially pure), etched, showing fully
dense structure and no sign of layer structure. Build orientation as indicated.
Source: EOS

EOS Titanium TiCP produces parts with excellent
Mechanical properties (provisional)
Property Horizontal orientation

ValueVertical orientation
Ultimate tensile strength approx. 567 MPa approx. 82 ksi
Yield strength (Rp 0.2 %) approx. 477 MPa approx. 69 ksi
Young’s Modulus approx. 114 GPa approx. 16 msi
Elongation at break approx. 32 ± 5 %
Source: EOS

Examples of other possible future materials

EOS has successfully produced parts in Inconel
alloys on EOSINT M 270
Description
— Material type
• nickel-based superalloy, commonly
used for high-temperature
engineering applications such as
aerospace turbine parts
— Alternatives
• can in many cases be substituted by
EOS CobaltChrome MP1
— Commercialization status
• so far only in R&D
Impeller in Inconel 625 (2.4856),

built on EOSINT M 270
Source: EOS

EOS has successfully produced parts in gold on
EOSINT M 270
Description
— Material type
• precious metal, used in various
purities / alloys for jewellery,
electronics and dental restorations
— Alternatives
• currently no comparable
commercial material available
for EOSINT M
• so far only in R&D
Parts built in 18 carat gold on EOSINT M 270
Source: EOS

Hallmarkable gold and silver jewellery products
have been built on EOSINT M 250 Xtended
Examples by Particular AB
— Process development enabled laser-

sintering of precious metals (gold, silver)
in hallmarkable quality, e.g. 18 carat
— Freedom of design allows novel

jewellery concepts to be imlpemented
— Technology patented by Particular AB

and licensed exclusively to EOS
• so far only implemented on EOSINT
Above: Fan chain in yellow 18 carat gold, 21 cm, 28
M 250 Xtended by Particular AB and links. Below: Wing Ding chain in silver, 5 cm, 8 links
also tested on EOSINT M 270 by EOS Both built in one step on EOSINT M 250 Xtended.
• further development and Design by Towe Norlén
commercialization to be confirmed
project partners:
Source: EOS, Particular AB

EOS is developing micro-laser-sintering of metals in
cooperation with 3D Micromac
Technology development
— Micro-laser-sintering uses powder

grain size typ. 1 - 20µm, layer
thickness 1 - 5µm to achieve detail
resolution <30µm
— Originally developed by Laserinstitut

Mittelsachsen and licensed exclusively
to 3D Micromac
• development cooperation between
EOS and 3D Micromac
• EOS has exclusive sales rights
Cylinder built partly in EDM electrode built in

— Commercialization status silver and partly in copper copper-tungsten mixture
• currently R&D status with limited
part-building possibilities
• further development towards
commercialization is ongoing
Source: EOS, 3D Micromac

www.eos.info

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EOSINT M Materials

for Direct Metal Laser-Sintering (DMLS)

Commercially available DMLS materials

Material name Material type Typical applications

Injection moulding tooling;

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 2

— EOS MaragingSteel MS1

— EOS StainlessSteel 17-4

— EOS CobaltChrome MP1

— Examples of other possible future materials

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 3

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 4

Characteristics and applications

Source: EOS, EGi

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 5

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 6

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 7

Characteristics and applications

Injection mould tool inserts in DirectSteel H20 (right Bosch,

Source: EOS, Bósch, Kashiyama

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 8

Micrograph of laser-sintered DirectSteel H20

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 9

Typical tensile testing behaviour of DirectSteel H20

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 10

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 11

Summary of tool steel types with examples

Through-hardened H11 / 1.2343 / X 38 CrMoV 5 1 Typ. precipitation hardening. High

18 Mar 300 / 1.2709 / Age hardening: hard and tough,

Corrosion- 420SS / 1.2083 / X 42 Cr 12 For moulding corrosive plastics,

Source: Mold-Making Handbook, ed. Menning, 1998

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 12

Characteristics of standard maraging steels

— Maraging = "mar"tensite + "aging" [treatment]

— Low-carbon steels with martensitic structure

— Age-hardenable up to approx. 55 HRC hardness and much increased strength

— Originally developed as high-strength steels for aerospace, also conventionally

Source: Mold-Making Handbook, ed. Menning, 1998

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 13

Quotes from www.wikipedia.org

Source: www.wikipedia.org, 2006

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 14

Quotes from www.key-to-steel.com

— "Maraging steels work well in electro-mechanical components where ultra-high

— "As compared with martensite-hardenable carbon-containing steels, carbonless

Source: www.key-to-steel.com, 2006

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 15

Quotes from www.maraging.com

— "Maraging in Tool & Die Making

Source: www.maraging.com, 2006

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 16

Characteristics and applications

• high performance parts, e.g. for

Source: EOS, Oase

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 17

Key properties (provisional data)

— Mechanical properties as built (EOSINT M270)

— Mechanical properties after age hardening (6 hours

200 internally cooled pin inserts for

Source: EOS, LBC

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 18

EOS 2007 · EOSINT M Materials Page 19

Characteristics and applications