The History of Rome: The Republic

EXAM REVIEW #3
The Late Republic

Test Format
Part 1: Short Identifications (5)

50% total

4 columns with four terms in each you must use one term from each column, plus one additional term bullet points are sufficient, but include all pertinent information Dates (if known) Significance Description Context Definition recommended time: 20 minutes total, four minutes for each ID

Test Format
Part 2: Short Essay (1)

50% total

choice of 2 essay prompts write thorough, complete and coherent narrative answers use concrete examples utilizing Ancient sources In-class discussion Dates and chronological progression Secondary source readings Material culture and artifacts Discuss the relationship of Late Republic to Early/Middle Republic recommended time: 30 minutes total

Lectures at a Glance

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The Rise of Gaius Marius The Social War Sulla the Dictator Everyday Life in the Roman Republic The Failure of Sullan Settlement, Pompey & Crassus 6. Catilinarian Conspiracy 7. Systemic Disintegration 8. The Rise and Fall of the First Triumvirate 9. The Civil War and Caesars Dictatorship

1. The Rise of Gaius Marius, New Men and Senatorial Nobility

People/ Key Players

Garius Marius Q. Caecilius Metellus

Massinissa & Micipsa

Jugurtha Bocchus of Mauretania

The Cimbri & Teutones

Sources/ Evidence

Sallust, Jugurthine War

WH&Y 163-171

Concepts and Terms novus homo The Jugurthine War optimates/populares Quaestio Mamiliana factio Massacre of Cirta Partisanship and Wars with the Germans political platform Defeat at Arausio Inheritance disputes Grain supply/prices Marian Reforms Bribery and voting Victory at Aquae Sextiae Extraordinary individuals (again) Victory in Vercellae Marius Mules Numidia Metus hostilis

Events and Places

2. The Social War (90-88 BC)

Events and Places

Sources/ Evidence
WH&Y 171-3

Fall of Marius Lex Appuleia de maiestate Pontus Subsidized grain

Crawford 113-144

People/Key Players
Gaius Marius (again) C. Servilius Glaucia

Concepts and Terms

Maiestas Veteran settlement Mob mentality

Livius Drusus reforms

Lex Julia Lex Plautia Papiria

L. Appuleius Saturninus
Mithridates VI Livius Drusus the Younger

Agrarian reforms
Oath of obedience Successive terms

Lex Pompeia

Italian citizenship

3. Sulla the Dictator (b.138-78 BC)

L. Cornelius Sulla Italian Massacre in Asia Mithridates VI Sack of Athens Sulpicius Rufus Victories at Chaeronea Fimbria and Orchomenos L. Valerius Flaccus Marian Massacres Lucius Cornelius Cinna Brundisium Cn. Papirius Carbo Battle of Colline Gate Gnaeus Pompeius Sources/ Evidence Marcus Licinius Crassus WH&Y 174-181 Caecilius Metellus Appian, The Civil Pius Wars 1.55-108

People/ Key Players

Battles/ Places

Concepts and Terms

Redistribution of Italian tribes

hostis
Peace at Dardanus Cinnanum Tempus Triennium sine armis Proscriptions Lex Valeria Abdication

Sullas Court Reforms

1. Quaestio de repetundis - extortion 2. De maiestate - treason 3. De ambitu electoral bribery 4. De falsis - forgery

5. De peculatu - embezzlement
6. De sicariis and veneficiis - murder 7. De vi publica assault and battery

4. Everyday Life in the Late Republic

Sources

Concepts and Terms

WH&Y 229-238 Material Evidence

Tomb of Vergilius Eurysaces Largo Argentina

Agrarian discontent Latifundia Tabernae and officinae Specialized markets Public works Artisanship Collegia

5. Failure of Sullan Settlement: Pompey and Crassus

People/Key Players

Events

Concepts and Terms

Lepidus Pompey

The Revolt of Lepidus

Quintus Sertorius
Caecilius Metellus Marcus Licinius Crassus

War in Spain
Revolt of Spartacus Tribunate of the Plebs restored Lex Gabinia de imperio Pompei Mithridatic campaign

Sources/ Evidence

WH&Y 182-190

Private armies Precedent, polarization and target/champions for both parties Campaigns abroad Anti-Senate Non pro consule sed pro consulibus Extraordinary command Dispensation

6. Catilinarian Conspiracy (63 BC)

People/ Key Players

Events

Gaius Sallustius Crispus

Marcus Tullius Cicero Gaius Antonius Hybrida Publius Clodius Caesar

Manlius
Lentulus, Cethegus, Statilius, Gabinius and Caeparius

First Catilinarian, or Pisonian, conspiracy Delivery of Catilinarians

Ambush at the Mulvian Bridge

Execution in the Tullianum Battle in Pistoria

Fulvia
Crassus Lucius Sergius Catilina

Concepts

Cato the Younger

History with an agenda First hand sources/Insider Insight Extortion abroad Reasons for fall of the Republic

Sources/ Evidence
SallustsWar with Catiline

Ciceros First Catilinarian

7. Systemic Disintegration (62-59 BC)

People/ Key Players

Events

Pompey Gaius Julius Caesar Cornelia Aurelia Pompeia Sulla Celer and Nepos Metellus Lucullus Marcius Porcius Cato the Younger

Pompeys Eastern campaign Pompeys return Caesar captured by pirates Bona Dea Scandal

Leges Clodiae

Sources/Evidence

WH&Y 191-197

Funeral Oration for Julia

Concepts and Terms New Roman East Client-kingship Acta Provincial organization Decem legati Family lines Corona civica Symbolic political gestures Pontifex maximus Obstructionist politics

8. The Rise & Fall of the First Triumvirate (59-52 BC)

People

Events

Concepts/Terms

Caesar, Crassus and Pompey

Lex Agraria Reconstitution of collegia Conference of Luca Battle of Carrhae

Factio or coitio Fasti Political theater Spectio Claudius vs. Clodius

Bibulus
Publius Clodius Pulcher

Milo

Lex Trebonia
Pompeys Sole Consulship

Obnuntiatio
Assignment of Provinces

Sources/ Evidence

WH&Y 198-206 Crawford 170-186

In absentia
Emergency measures

9. The Civil War and Dictatorship (Jan. 49-March 44 BC)

People

Events/Places

Concepts/Terms

Caesar Pompey

Corfinium Battle of Pharsalus

Caesars Clemency Repeated campaigns abroad Building works Public works Aureus Financial reform Excessive honors Rapid systemic change Dictator perpetuus

Pothinus & King Ptolemy

Cleopatra Brutus and Cassius

Battle of Dyracchium
Battle of Thapsus Catos suicide Caesars reforms Julian Calendar established

Sources/ Evidence

WH&Y 204-214 Appian, Civil Wars

Caesar, The Civil War

Lupercalia
The Ides of March