Chapter 7

Note: This builds on the Chapter Outline available at http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/america6/outline/ch07.htm

i.

i. ii. i. ii. i. ii. iv. i. ii. i. ii.

ii. iii. i. i.

!overnment o" the Con"ederation period #$Critical Period%& '. 'uthority given to Congress by the 'rticles o" Con"ederation (. 's) "or money* not "orce payment +. ,nter treaties* not en"orce them -. provide "or raised armies* not "ill ran)s .. .asic accomplishments o" the Con"ederation government st (. Created ( ,/ecutive 0epartments 0istrusted this power through ndependence +. 1and distribution* territorial government guided west coast e/pansion -. - departments: 2oreign '""airs* 2inance* 3ar evolved into depts. 4nder constitution C. Nature o" congressional administration during the war (. No president* prime minister: 5residing o""icer o" Congress 6 secretary +. Charles Thomas 7 secretary (7789(7:; 0. 2inancial problems o" the government (. Robert Morris* secretary o" "inance Closest thing to head o" e/ec. dept.< most in"luential member 3anted more power "or Con"ederation 6 himsel" +. 4se o" public debt to secure support "or the nation !ov. bonds "or wartime claims* rise in value as Treasury was more stable National .an) to hold gov. debt< privately held< ,/pected to ma)e money -. =cheme "or a national ban) "ailed to receive unanimous approval 8. Newburgh Conspiracy =cheme: army 6 public creditors vs. nationalists in Congress 0emand more power "or Congress< or military coup iii. Alexander Hamilton* N> congressman sympathi?ed 3ashington )nows congress needs more power< but ends conspiracy @. Aeeting o" 5ennsylvania militiamen 2eared claims to land bounties 6 pensions might not be reali?ed 5etitioned 5hiladelphia 6. !rowth o" government debt B(( mil B+: mil as it paid o"" citi?ens 6 soldiers de"icit on operating e/penses ,. 0evelopment o" a land policy (. 0irect congressional authority prevailed i. 3estern lands were completely controlled by congress 3anted to sell lands "or income 'll new states eCual with old iv. 'll states must cede their claimed land v. +. !eographic areas covered by the policy 1ands west o" 'ppalachian -. 1and ordinances set policy Ordinance o" (7:8

a. Thomas De""ersonEs< when population eCualed smallest e/isting state* then statehood b. =el"9government ii. Ordinance o" (7:@ a. b. c. d. e. iii. Northwest Ordinance o" (7:7 a. .ac)ed away "rom sel"9gov b. Territories into states i. !overnor* secretary* - Gudges chosen by congress ii. =tatehood with 60*000< need state constitution< includes .ill o" rights iii. ,/cludes slavery c. Not imperialistic i. 'll new states eCual to the old 3estern lands south o" the Ohio Fiver ndian treaties in 3est a. roCuois 6 Chero)ees hurt in Fev. war no resistance b. 1ost a lot o" land c. Treaty o" Hopewell #(7:@& 7 Chero)ees give up all land in =C* 3est NC 6 IT* TN d. Ohio tribes give up land 2. The war and the economy (. ,""ects on "arming Cost o" crops* tobacco b/c need more trading partners +. mpact on merchants =ome helped* some hurt #no west indies trade& a. Trade: 0utch #(7:+&* =wedes #E:-&* 5russians #E:@& Aoroccans #E:7& b. 2ree trade sentiment a. .ritish 6 'merican trade resumes b. Adam Smith 7 The Wealth of Nations* against mercantilism -. 5ent9up demand demand "or .ritish goods* then bust "or "ew years 8. Trade with China i. (7:89:@< Empress of China N> Canton around =. 'merica< lu/ury goods @. (7;0 'merican commerce better than colonies Aore ships* more e/ports #"armers& =mall9scale manu"acturing "or domestic mar)et !. 0iplomatic di""iculties (. 3ith .ritain Iept outposts "or "ur trade< in"luence ndians 2ailure to pay debt to .ritish Con"iscation o" 1oyalist property* lynching* =Cuare pattern 6 sC mi townships -6 lots #( sC mi* 680 acres& B(/acre ncome "or public schools Ohio Company #Fev. Aanasseh Cutler& buys (.@ million acres "or B( mil in certi"icates o" indebtedness to Fev. 3ar

iv. v.

i. i. ii.

i.

i. ii. i. ii. iii. iv.