Cornell Notes: Indias Past

Main Ideas How far does the spread of the Hindu culture reach? Notes: Into South and Southeast Asia

Spread of Islam

Islam spread to Persia and Afghanistan around 700 BCE, and from there they conquered Hindu Kingdoms in northern India.

Tensions rose between Muslims and Hindus because rulers tore down Hindu temples.

This empire became known as the Mughal/Mogal Empire, and took control around the year 1526.

Moghul Empire Leaders

Babur: 1st leader, was a descendent of the Mongol Genghis Khan. Mongols ruled Central Asia and China at one time. Akbar: Known for his peace and harmony during his reign. Due to this peaceful time The economy did very well and culture was able to expand and blend.

Shah Jahan: Led the Golden Age of the Mughal Empire and was known for his Architecture and art. (Builder of the Taj Mahal and Red Fort)

Aurangzeb: Led at the high point of the Mughal Empire before its eventual decline Expanded the territory greatly, but was also known for trying to force Hindus to convert To Islam, which angered many. Taj Mahal Built by Shah Jahan in the year 1631 as a mausoleum for his wife.

Islamic design

Red Fort

Also built by Shah Jahan, is a fort that served as the residence for Mughal Emperors

Main Ideas: Vasco de Gama

Notes: Hired by: Portuguese Hired to find a: water route to Asia Reaches India in the year: 1498 Establishes the first: direct trade in Asia

The British Come to Trade

Time Period: 1600s Europeans came to India to set up trade forts. The British East India Company comes to trade rare and expensive goods like pepper, cinnamon, ivory, vanilla, sugar, silks, dyes, gold and saffron.

The British Come to Stay

By the 1800s the British take over most of India and defeat the Mughal Empire.

*What were some of the effects of the British staying in India?

The British had its own army They taxed the people of India They set up governments They exported Indias raw materials back home to be made into finished goods

What were some of the upsides?

They built roads and railroads, created telegraph systems, built schools and hospitals And also brought new jobs to India.

Forget this Mess What were the complaints of the Indians?

Heavy taxes Unfair government representation Forced to buy expensive British finished goods Treated as 2nd class citizens

Main Ideas Indian National Congress (1885)

Notes: Created in order to: drive the British out of India and create an independent Hindu nation

Leader: Mohandas Gandhi

What were Gandhis beliefs?

NONVIOLENCE! He believed that non-violence would shame Britain out of India He believed that violence only breeds more violence and nothing gets accomplished.

What happened to textile workers?

Taxes imposed by the British meant that imported cloth was cheaper than domestic cloth. As a result, the textile industry (which was very important in India) suffered.

The Salt March (a turning point)

Year: 1930 Distance: 200 miles Reason: To protest taxes placed on salt, a basic human necessity.

Result: Many were jailed for civil disobedience, but this was the turning point of their Fight for independence.

Gandhi imprisoned

Years: 1922, 1930, 1933, 1942 What did he do in prison? He went on hunger strikes, one even lasted 21 days.

Indian National Flag

Adopted by: Year: Color meanings: Saffron: Green: Symbol meaning:

Main Ideas Indian National Army

Notes: Created in the year: 1939 Reason for creation: not all Indians believed in non-violence, so during World War II They teamed up with British enemies to fight against the British and get help Throwing them out of India.

INDEPENDENCE DAY!

Date: August 15, 1947 First Prime Minister: Jawaharlal Nehru

Muslim League

Created in the year: 1906

After independence, the Muslim League was an important part of the partition Of India and Pakistan into separate nations.

Gandhi Murdered!

Gandhi did not believe in the partition of India and believed all religious Groups should be welcomed in India.

As a result, a Hindu fanatic shot Gandhi because he resented his concern for Muslims.