8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND

We had salmon, asparagus, and salad for dinner.

8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND

CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE

(a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana. (b) COMMA: I ate an apple a banana and a pear.

8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND

CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE

(a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana. (b) COMMA: I ate an apple a banana and a pear. and connects two words and connects three or more
NO COMMA COMMAS

8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND

CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES

(c) COMMA: I ate an apple and you ate a pear.

8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND

CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES

(c) COMMA: I ate an apple and you ate a pear.

and connects two sentences

COMMA

8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND

CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES

(d) PERIOD: I ate an apple You ate a pear. (e) INCORRECT: I ate an apple, you ate a pear.

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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND

CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES

(d) PERIOD: I ate an apple You ate a pear. (e) INCORRECT: I ate an apple, you ate a pear. period two complete sentences no and no comma

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8-1 LETS PRACTICE

COMMA NO COMMA COMMAS

I like lettuce and tomato on my cheeseburger.

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8-1 LETS PRACTICE

COMMA NO COMMA COMMAS

? ,

I speak Hindi and you speak Swedish.

13

8-1 LETS PRACTICE

COMMA NO COMMA COMMAS

I like lettuce tomato and cheese on my hamburger.

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8-1 LETS PRACTICE

COMMA NO COMMA COMMAS

? , ,

I like lettuce tomato and cheese on my hamburger.

15

8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR

I studied for the test, but I failed.

16

8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR

(a) The team played well but didnt win. (b) Is it going to rain or snow? (c) Would you like peas, carrots, or squash? and, but and or commas conjunctions connect items series of three or more
17

8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR

I had the flu. = a sentence I didnt feel sick. = a sentence (d) I had the flu, but I didnt feel sick. (e) Did you have the flu, or was it just a cold? two complete sentences with but or or

comma

18

8-2 LETS PRACTICE

and but or

COMMA NO COMMA

I love to eat ice cream ____ it gives me a stomachache.

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8-2 LETS PRACTICE

and but or

COMMA NO COMMA

I love to eat ice cream ____ but it gives me a stomachache.

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8-2 LETS PRACTICE

and but or

COMMA NO COMMA

She goes to school, studies hard ____ and gets good grades.

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8-2 LETS PRACTICE

and but or

COMMA NO COMMA

Would you like an apple ____ a banana.

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8-2 LETS PRACTICE

and but or

COMMA NO COMMA

Would you like an apple ____ or a banana.

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8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND

He likes pizza, but I dont.

31

8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND

(a) I dont play tennis, but Jim does. does = play tennis (b) I like racketball, but Jim doesnt. (c) I wont be leaving, but Nazan will. (d) Yi-When has been to Rome, but Jen hasnt. (e) She isnt at school, but he is.
32

8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND

(f) I dont play tennis, and Jim doesnt either. (g) I like racketball, and Jim does too. (h) I wont be leaving, and Nazan wont either. (i) Yi-When has been to Rome, and Jen has too. (j) She isnt at school, and he isnt either.
33

8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND

I dont play tennis, but Jim does. negative + but + affirmative I like racketball, but Jim doesnt. affirmative + but + negative I wont be leaving, and Nazan wont either. negative + and + negative I dont play tennis, and Jim doesnt either. negative + and + negative
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8-4 LETS PRACTICE

CORRECT

OR

INCORRECT

I love to ski, but my sister does too.

CORRECT

I love to ski, and my sister does too.

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8-4 LETS PRACTICE

CORRECT

OR

INCORRECT

The man is cooking, but the woman isnt.

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8-4 LETS PRACTICE

CORRECT

OR

INCORRECT

Lee hasnt been to Tokyo, but Boram does.

CORRECT

Lee hasnt been to Tokyo, but Boram has.

37

9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

A feather is lighter than a brick.

15

9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

(a) A feather is lighter than a brick. (b) Feathers and bricks are lighter than horses and trucks. (c) Horses are more beautiful than trucks.

16

9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

(a) A feather is lighter than a brick. (b) Feathers and bricks are lighter than horses and trucks. (c) A horse is more beautiful than a truck.

comparative + than

17

9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

(d) The purple box is the longest of all the boxes. (e) The brown box is the biggest box in the group.

superlative

one of a group

18

9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

(d) The purple box is the longest of all the boxes. (e) The brown box is the biggest box in the group. (f) Everest is the most massive mountain in the world.

superlative

-est or most

the + superlative Everest - 8,848 m.

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9-2 LETS PRACTICE

CORRECT

YES NO

most Jazz is the more beautiful music in New Orleans.

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9-2 LETS PRACTICE

CORRECT

YES NO

The most famous jazz in the world is from New Orleans.

21

9-2 LETS PRACTICE

CORRECT

YES NO

I like jazz more better than rap or salsa.

22

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

Our company is doing better than all of our competition. We are the best!

23

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

ONE-SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

old wise

older wiser add er

the oldest the wisest add est

24

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

TWO-SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE the most famous the most pleasant

famous pleasant

more famous more pleasant

use more

use the most

25

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

TWO-SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

busy pretty

busier prettier

the busiest the prettiest add est

end in -y add er change -y to -i

26

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

TWO-SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

clever gentle friendly

cleverer more clever gentler more gentle friendlier more friendly can use either

the cleverest the most clever the gentlest the most gentle the friendliest the most friendly
27

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

ADJECTIVES WITH 3 OR MORE SYLLABLES COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE the most important

important

more important

fascinating more fascinating the most fascinating use more use the most

28

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

good bad

better worse irregular

the best the worst irregular

29

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

-LY ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

carefully slowly

more carefully more slowly use more

the most carefully the most slowly use the most

30

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

ONE-SYLLABLE ADVERBS COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

fast hard

faster harder use -er

the fastest the hardest use -est

31

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

IRREGULAR ADVERBS COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

well badly far

better worse farther/further irregular

the best the worst the farthest/furthest irregular

32

9-3 LETS PRACTICE

Greta

Greta is messy, but Oscar is even _______. messier

Oscar

33

9-3 LETS PRACTICE

The market is four miles from Rosas house and five miles farther (or further) from my house. I live _______________ from the market than Rosa does.
34

9-3 LETS PRACTICE

I have many pleasant memories from childhood. pleasant most _________ The _____ memory is going to the zoo with my grandfather.
35

9-5 MODIFYING COMPARATIVES

Mr. Poulos is very strong.

46

9-5 MODIFYING COMPARATIVES

(a) My car is very old. (b) They walk very slowly on icy sidewalks.

very very

adjectives adverbs

47

9-5 MODIFYING COMPARATIVES

(c) INCORRECT: My car is very older than yours.

INCORRECT: They walk very more slowly

on icy sidewalks at night. very very comparative adjectives comparative adverbs

48

9-5 MODIFYING COMPARATIVES

(d) Erina is much smarter than I am. Erina is a lot smarter than I am. Erina is far smarter than I am. (e) Dan reads much faster than he used to. Dan reads a lot faster than he used to. Dan reads far faster than he used to. much, a lot, far comparative adjectives comparative adverbs
49

9-5 LETS PRACTICE

Trees are _____ much more colorful in the spring than in the winter.

very much

51

9-5 LETS PRACTICE

The weather is ____ a lot warmer in the spring than in the winter.

very a lot

52

9-5 LETS PRACTICE

very The weather can be ____ warm in the spring.

very far

53

9-6 COMPARISONS WITH LESSTHAN AND NOT AS AS

Miko is not as happy as Amanda.

Miko

Amanda

54

9-6 COMPARISONS WITH LESSTHAN AND NOT AS AS

(a) A toy is less educational than a book. (b) A toy is not as educational as a book.

(a) & (b) = same meaning

55

9-6 COMPARISONS WITH LESSTHAN AND NOT AS AS

(c) A child is not as wise as an adult. (d) INCORRECT: A child is less wise than an adult. one-syllable adjectives or adverbs

only not as as

56

9-6 LETS PRACTICE

as a mama lion. A lion cub is ______ not as old ____

lessthan not asas

57

9-6 LETS PRACTICE

as a mama lion. A lion cub is _____ not as strong ____

lessthan not asas

58

10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES

The chair is being made by the carpenter.

10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES

(a) ACTIVE: The carpenter sanded the wood.

same meaning
(b) PASSIVE: The wood was sanded by the carpenter.
3

10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES

ACTIVE:

S O (c) Carol sold the house.

PASSIVE:

by + O S (d) The house was sold by Carol. object of active subject of active subject of passive object of by
4

10-1, 10-2 LETS PRACTICE

ACTIVE

The squirrel gathered the nuts.

PASSIVE

The nuts were gathered by the squirrel.

10-1, 10-2 LETS PRACTICE

ACTIVE

Matthew painted the wall.

PASSIVE

The wall was painted by Matthew.

10-1, 10-2 LETS PRACTICE

ACTIVE

The voters will determine the election results.

PASSIVE

The election results will be determined by the voters.

10