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capacitive and inductive reactive power

BALAKUMARAN KAMARAJProject Engineer-Electrical-GREENKO ENERGIES PVT LTD Dear all, I would like to know about capacitive and inductive reactive power what kind of load will consume capacitive reactive power and state distribution company debits amount for us for exporting lag KVARH can anyone explain me that exporting lagging reactive power means the grid load consumes lagging reactive power so why they debiting us Like Comment (12) Follow Reply Privately 11 days ago Comments 12 comments Jump to most recent comment

Robert P Robert P Azar Independent Engineering Sector Professional Please could you describe your system to enable the responders to accurately answer your query instead of second guessing. Your comment as posted now is not satisfactory to receive a useful answer. Do you have local generation? Does you local generation run in parallel with the utility supply? Is your system connected only to the utility supply with no local generation? What type of installation do you have? Is it industrial with motors, process etc or commercial installation? Do you have power factor corrections? Do you have synchronous compensators? Please describe your installation even if not in details otherwise you will receive general answers which may not be helpful. Like (1) Reply privately Flag as inappropriate 10 days ago Victor Andres M. likes this

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BALAKUMARAN BALAKUMARAN KAMARAJ Project Engineer-Electrical-GREENKO ENERGIES PVT LTD dear sir, the Substation is 33/220kv and used for evacuation of power from wind turbine of 41 no of 1.6Mw and we r not having any power factor improving devices and our line is connected with state grid. now in monthly tariff the state distribution company offered money for kwh export and debit for lead kvarh import and lag kvarh export. Like Reply privately Flag as inappropriate 10 days ago

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Robert P

Robert P Azar Independent Engineering Sector Professional Most of the loads are inductive. Inductive motors, transformers, loaded overhead transmission lines etc. are inductive loads and consume reactive power (VAR) and tend to drive the voltage down. Generators, capacitors, synchronous compensators, lightly loaded overhead transmission lines generate reactive power and support the voltage. In your case, your wind farms are connected to the grid system and export real power (W). Many wind turbines have induction generators (not synchronous) and need reactive power for their excitation. This reactive power tends to come from the grid unless static var compensators (SVC) or capacitor banks are installed at the inter-connecting substation of the wind farm to the grid in order to inject or consume VAR depending on the wind farm generated output power and to maintain the system voltage within the tolerances prescibed by the grid operator. Wind farms are required to have sufficient reactive power compensation to be neutral in reactive power at any operating point. So you are bound to comply fully with the grid code requirements in terms of steady state reactive power supply, voltage control and dynamic reactive power supply. Otherwise you will be penalised by the utility for the uncontrolled variation in kVAR as is your case. You have to refer to the agreement between your company and the utility in this regard. Good luck Like (5) Reply privately Flag as inappropriate 9 days ago Hammad K., Victor Andres M. and 3 others like this

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Daniel V. Daniel V. Scrobe III Transmission Specialist at FirstEnergy I notice a lot of questions on this forum are very broad and difficult to provide a specific answer to. Robert, you covered very well. If I may add, from my own experience as an operator, static var compensators can consume capacitive reactive power. This can be done for purpose of regulating voltage to within prescribed limits. I didn't understand rest of poster's question. Like Reply privately Flag as inappropriate 9 days ago

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Robert P Robert P Azar Independent Engineering Sector Professional Thanks Daniel; yes SVC can consume kVAR as generally speaking it is formed by capacitors in parallel with inductors and depending on the demand, the SVC control either allows it to inject KVAR into the grid or to consume it. The poster's question does not relate strictly to relay protection but to power systems which the relay protection is part of it. The poster, as I understand it, is stating that they are exporter of power to the grid through their wind farms but they are getting penalised by the utility for KVAR consuming or injecting within some limits. Like Reply privately Flag as inappropriate 8 days ago

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Sudhakar Sudhakar Chidurala PE Protection and Control Engineer at American Electric Power You may have to explain about your transmission system. The FACS ( flexible ac systems) device deployment will be the best solutions. SVCS, series caps, PST, VFTs etc. Like Reply privately Flag as inappropriate 8 days ago

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Sudhakar Sudhakar Chidurala PE Protection and Control Engineer at American Electric Power The local reactive compensation would be the shunt capacitors and dstatcom(distributed static compensation), DRCS deployment for local reactive compensation solutions and the SVCs are for larger system. Like Reply privately Flag as inappropriate 8 days ago

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BALAKUMARAN BALAKUMARAN KAMARAJ Project Engineer-Electrical-GREENKO ENERGIES PVT LTD Dear all Thank you for your valuable comments and here i wanna know that why we are penalized for exporting of lag KVARH.If at all we are making any disturbance in system by exporting of LAG KVARH this is because of Inductive load in a grid so how we will b liable for this.Awaiting your reply Like Reply privately Flag as inappropriate 8 days ago

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larry larry dorich Electrical Start up at inphase An easier way to understand Power & VAR flow - is pushing VARS out to the system or bringing in VARS into your Generator . this is done by Controlling Generator Terminal Voltage - when Generator Voltage is higher then System Voltage you are pushing VARs to the System - when Generator voltage is lower than system Voltage - Your Generator is absorbing the VARS - all done thru Excitation - exporting of LAG KVARH is actually an incorrect statement for VAR flow - take a look at any Generator Power & VAR curve for Heating characteristics for VARS in & VARS out - you will be allowed more out than in. Like (1) Reply privately Flag as inappropriate 7 days ago

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Tushar Agarwal likes this

Daniel V. Daniel V. Scrobe III Transmission Specialist at FirstEnergy Larry, excellent explanation on Var flow at a generator station. I was always taught that Vars typically flow from high voltage to low voltage. Is your explanation related to a unit's ability to follow its D-Curve? Like Reply privately Flag as inappropriate 7 days ago

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Robert P Robert P Azar Independent Engineering Sector Professional Dear Balakumaran, the main point here that you are failing to grasp is not importing or exporting VAR. The major point here is that you as an embedded generator in the grid and you should abide by the grid code and your contract terms with the grid operator. Exporting kVAR if any has to be carried out when required to support the grid voltage or else this will result in higher grid voltage than necessary and you will be restricted. So your reactive power has to be controlled within the margin allowed especially as the power in the wind turbines is not always predictable since this will depend on the velocity and mass of the prevailing wind at that particular moment. I am not sure about the conditions of your wind farm operation. Could you please inform us if your generators are inductive fixed speed type or power electronics drive or doubly fed induction generator so that we can help more. Best wishes Like (1) Reply privately Flag as inappropriate 7 days ago larry D. likes this

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Wei Wei Wu, P.Eng. Design Engineer at Trench/Siemens Group From my view, the consumption of reactive power for a capacitive load is minus, which can be understood as injecting reactive power into the system and can be called as a load with leading PF. Same like from generator side, as the generator injects the reactive power into the grid, so it can be called a "leading load", which means when you inject the reactive power into grid, it can be simply understood as you have a high voltage and then you can inject the active power into system; other vise, when your generator shows lagging reactive power, it is the motor action, which means no matter what happened with the wind, the turbine is driven by the power from grid and the generator runs as a motor (with this lagging reactive power, you could not inject any active power into system, but consume it). That is why the utility charge you. Like Reply privately Flag as inappropriate 7 days ago

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