Ch.

3 - Biological Basis for Understanding Psychiatric Disorders and Treatments (Varcarolis)

Study online at quizlet.com/_l3yob
1.

What is Dopamine responsible for?

Involved in fine muscle movement; Involved in the integration of emotions and thoughts; Involved in decision making; Stimulates hypothalamus to release hormones (sex, thyroid, adrenal). Level in brain affects mood; Attention and arousal; Stimulates sympathetic branch of autonomic nervous system for "fight or flight" in response to stress Plays a role in sleep regulation, hunger, mood states, and pain perception; Hormonal activity; Plays a role in aggression and sexual behavior Involved in alertness; Involved in inflammatory response; Stimulates gastric secretion Parkinson's disease and Depression

13.

What is a Decrease in GABA (an amino acid) responsible for? What is an Increase in GABA (an amino acid) responsible for? What is Glutamate (an amino acid) responsible for? What is an Increase in Glutamate (an amino acid) responsible for? What is a Decrease in Glutamate (an amino acid) responsible for? What is Acetylcholine (anticholinergic) responsible for? What is a Decrease in Acetylcholine (anticholinergic) responsible for? What is an Increase in Acetylcholine (anticholinergic) responsible for? What is Substance P (peptides) responsible for? What is Somatostatin (peptides) responsible for? What is a Decrease in Somatostatin (peptides) responsible for?

Anxiety disorders, Schizophrenia, Mania, and Huntington's disease

2.

What is Norepinephrine responsible for? What is Serotonin responsible for? What is Histamine responsible for? What is a Decrease in Dopamine responsible for? What is an Increase in Dopamine responsible for? What is a Decrease in Norepinephrine responsible for? What is an Increase in Norepinephrine responsible for? What is a Decrease in Serotonin responsible for? What is an Increase in Serotonin responsible for? What is a Decrease in Histamine responsible for? What is GABA (an amino acid) responsible for?

14.

Reduction of anxiety

3.

15.

Is excitatory; Plays a role in learning and memory

4.

16.

5.

Prolonged increase state can be neurotoxic; Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease; Improvement of cognitive performance in behavior tasks Psychosis

17.

6.

Schizophrenia and Mania

18.

7.

Depression

Plays a role in learning, memory; Regulates mood: mania, sexual aggression; Affects sexual and aggressive behavior; Stimulates parasympathetic nervous system Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease

8.

Mania, Anxiety states, and Schizophrenia

19.

9.

Depression
20.

Depression

10.

Anxiety states
21.

11.

Sedation and Weight gain

22.

Promotes and reinforces memory; Involved in regulation of mood and anxiety; Role in pain management Altered levels associated with cognitive disease

12.

Plays a role in inhibition, reduces aggression, excitation, and anxiety; May play a role in pain perception; Has anticonvulsant and muscle-relaxing properties; May impair cognition and psychomotor functioning

23.

Alzheimer's disease; some association with depression

24.

What is an Increase in Somatostatin (peptides) responsible for? What is Neurotensin (peptides) responsible for? What are the adverse effects of Lithium?

Huntington's disease

37.

25.

Endogenous antipsychotic-like properties

38.

What is occasionally combined with Benzodiazepines that needs to be monitored for life threatening CNS depression? What is Buspirone (BuSpar)?

Other CNS depressants such as alcohol, opiates, or tricyclic antidepressants

26.

Tremor, ataxia, confusion, convulsions, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, arrhythmias, polyuria, polydipsia, edema, goiter, and hypothyroidism Nerve cells that respond to stimuli, conduct electrical impulses, and release chemicals called neurotransmitters. The fluctuation of various physiological and behavioral parameters over a 24 hr cycle. Include body temp and sleep/wake cycle. Areas of the cerebrum that play a crucial role in emotional status and psychological function Regulates the internal organs and is responsible for such vital functions as the regulation of blood gases and the maintenance of blood pressure. Regulation of skeletal muscle coordination and contraction and the maintenance of equilibrium. Mental activities and a conscious sense of being. Responsible for our conscious perception of the external world, our own body, emotional status, memory, control of skeletal muscles, language and the ability to communicate PET scans can detect functional abnormalities in the brain while CT scans and MRIs detect structural abnormalities in the brain. Refers to the actions of the person on the drug Explains how genetic variation leads to altered drug responses in different individuals and ethnic groups They potentiate, or promote the activity of GABA by binding to a specific receptor on the GABA(a) receptor complex. Examples include Valium, Xanax, and Klonopin

A drug that reduces anxiety without having strong sedative-hypnotic properties. It is not a CNS depressant and therefore does not have as great a danger of interaction with other CNS depressants as Benzodiazepines do. These drugs mimic the hormone Melatonin (that is only excreted at night as part of the normal circadian rhythm) to help patient's fall asleep. Antidepressant. Drugs that are thought to act primarily by blocking the reuptake of norepineprhine, therefore increasing the level of norepinephrine at the synapse. Antidepressant. Block the reuptake and the degradation of serotonin, but each specific SSRI has a different effect on neurotransmitters. Antidepressant. Drugs that increase Serotonin and Norepinephrine

39.

27.

What are Neurons?

What are Melatonin Receptor Agonists?

40.

28.

What are Circadian Rhythms? What is the Limbic System? What is the Brainstem responsible for? What is the Cerebellum responsible for? What is the Cerebrum responsible for?

What are Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

29.

41.

What are Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)? What are SerotoninNorepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors? What are Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)?

30.

42.

31.

43.

32.

Antidepressant. Act by inhibiting the enzyme and interfering with the destruction of the monoamine neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, etc.), thereby leaving more of them available. Antidepressants, sympathomimetic drugs, and oral decongestants A mood stabilizer in patients with bipolar disorder. The ratio of the lethal dose to the effective dose, and is a measure of overall drug safety in regards to the possibility of overdose or toxicity. They reduce the firing rate of veryhigh-frequency neurons in the brain; which possibly accounts for their ability to reduce the mood swings that occur in patients with bipolar disorders.

44.

33.

How are PET scans different from CT scans and MRIs? What is Pharmacokinetics? What is Pharmacogenetics? What do Benzodiazepines do?

What drugs are contraindicated with MAOIs? What is Lithium used for? What is the Therapeutic Index?

45.

46.

34.

35.

47.

What how do Anticonvulsant Drugs work?

36.

48.

What is carbamazepine (Tegretol) used for? What is lamotrigine (Lamictal) used for? What are First-Generation Antipsychotics? What are some side effects of FirstGeneration Antipsychotics? What are Second-Generation Antipsychotics? What is a major side effect to watch for in patients taking Clozapine (a 2ndgeneration antipsychotic)? What are some side effects of Risperidone (Risperdal) a 2ndgeneration antipsychotic? What is aripiprazole (Abilify)? What drug class is used for patients with ADHD?

Anticonvulsant. Useful in preventing mania during episodes of acute mania. Reduces the firing rate of overexcited neurons by reducing the activity of sodium channels. Anticonvulsant. Works well in treating the depression of bipolar disorder with less incidence of switching the patient to mania than antidepressants. Modulates the release of glutamate and aspartate. Drugs that are strong antagonists (blocking the action) of Dopamine; Target mostly the positive symptoms of schizophrenia Extrapyramidal symptoms; Sedation and Weight gain Drugs that predominantly block Dopamine and Serotonin. Produce fewer extrapyramidal side effects; and target both the negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia; Increased chances of developing Metabolic Syndrome * Agranulocytosis - requires constant measurement of WBC count

49.

50.

51.

52.

53.

54.

Motor difficulties (ex. extrapyramidal symptoms); Sedation; Orthostatic hypotension; Weight gain 3rd-generation antipsychotic. Known as a dopamine system stabilizer. Side effects include insomnia and akathisia Psychostimulants

55.

56.