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ACIP and DD Pile Case Histories


Presented by:
Morgan NeSmith
Chief Geotechnical Engineer
mnesmith@berkelapg.com
To
DFI Seminar
New York NY
07 November 2013
Scope of Presentation
Drilled Displacement Piles in NYC
Continuously Flighted Piles in NYC
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Initial use of ACIP Piles in NYC
Late 1970s
Alternative to driven piles where vibrations
from driven piles had damaged existing
structures.
Loss-of-ground problems documented.
Application generally limited to vibration-
sensitive projects.
Uncased concrete piles not addressed in
NYC Building Code. Use requires
submission to Building Department.
Augers advanced by power units that developed
+- 30,000 ft-lbs
ASTM C-33 sand used in grout mixes.
Higher volume, more powerful pumps are
available.
Redi-mix grout common.
Original patent for ACIP piles expires. New
installers enter the market.
STATE OF THE ACIP INDUSTRY
Late 1970s
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First application was on a project where the
use of driven piles was restricted.
Like conventional ACIP piles, low noise, very
low vibration.
No soil transport = no loss-of-ground issues.
Drastic reduction in spoils.
Higher unit shaft and toe components in
sands.
Initial use of DD Piles in NYC
2002
Displacement Pile Tool
Stem becomes progressively
larger, terminating in the
displacing element
+- 3 feet, regular flighting
Reverse flighting Displacing element. Same
diameter as the flighting below
Stem, smaller than flighting
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Installation Platform
TO GROUT PUMP
REAL-TIME DISPLAY
OF DEPTH, TORQUE,
AND GROUT PRESSURE
PRESSURE SENSOR
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Installation
E


Grout overpressure is measured at
the top of the tools, which may be 60
feet to 90 feet above the tip.
Overpressure range for liftoff and
shaft casting is 10 to 20 psi.
Pressure at the tip includes
the overpressure plus the fluid
head of grout in the stem.
Augers filled with soil, and the
displacing element, act as a packer
to confine the grout below the tool.
Any soil in the annular space around
the stem is capture by reverse
flighting and displaced into the sides
of the hole.
Pressure Sensor
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BASIC
INSTALLATION
CHART
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Power Plant - Nassau County
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GENERATOR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 50 100 150 200
qc, tsf
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
TURBINE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 50 100 150 200
qc, tsf
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
WEST EDGE OF STACK
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 50 100 150 200
qc, tsf
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
Power Plant - Nassau County
FINE GRAINED ORGANIC
FILL
SAND
GENERATOR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 50 100 150 200
qc, tsf
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
TURBINE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 50 100 150 200
qc, tsf
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
WEST EDGE OF STACK
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 50 100 150 200
qc, tsf
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
Power Plant - Nassau County
FINE GRAINED ORGANIC
FILL
SAND
22-ft x 16-in DD pile for 50 tons
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Power Plant - Nassau County
Riverdale Plaza - Bronx
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Riverdale Plaza - Bronx
CPT-B.4-8, Near Test Pi l e 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 100 200 300
qc, tsf
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
.
Soil Type Number
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 2 4 6 8 10
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
.
FILL
FINE GRAINED
SAND
Cobbles
Riverdale Plaza - Bronx
CPT-B.4-8, Near Test Pi l e 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 100 200 300
qc, tsf
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
.
Soil Type Number
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 2 4 6 8 10
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
.
FILL
FINE GRAINED
SAND
Cobbles
14-in dia. X 30 ft for 60 tons
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Test Pile Installation Record
Tor que
Dept h
Gr out
Pr essur e
Riverdale Plaza - Bronx
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Coney Island Hospital - Brooklyn
Coney Island Hospital - Brooklyn
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Cone Tip Resistance vs Depth, Coney Island Hospital
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 50 100 150 200
Cone Tip Resist ance (qc), t sf
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
Coney Island Hospital - Brooklyn
SAND
FILL
Cone Tip Resistance vs Depth, Coney Island Hospital
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 50 100 150 200
Cone Tip Resist ance (qc), t sf
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
Coney Island Hospital - Brooklyn
SAND
FILL
16-in dia. X 44 ft for 80 tons
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Coney Island Hospital - Brooklyn
Coney Island Hospital - Brooklyn
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Lowes - Brooklyn
Boring B-8, Near Test Pile 2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 10 20 30 40 50
SPT " N" , bpf
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
Boring B-1S, Near Test Pile 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 10 20 30 40 50
SPT " N" , bpf
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
Lowes - Brooklyn
FINE GRAINED ORGANIC
FILL
SAND
18
Boring B-8, Near Test Pile 2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 10 20 30 40 50
SPT " N" , bpf
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
Boring B-1S, Near Test Pile 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 10 20 30 40 50
SPT " N" , bpf
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
Lowes - Brooklyn
FINE GRAINED ORGANIC
FILL
SAND
12-in dia. X 35 ft for 30 tons
Lowes Brooklyn
Load Displacement 1, Lowes, Brooklyn
12" Diameter, 35' Berkel Displacement Pile, 30-ton Compression
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Load, tons
D
i
s
p
l
a
c
e
m
e
n
t
,

i
n
c
h
e
s
TEST DATA HYPERBOLIC MODEL
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Lowes - Brooklyn
Load Displacement 2, Lowes, Brooklyn
12" Diameter, 35' Berkel Displacement Pile, 30-ton Compression
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Load, tons
D
i
s
p
l
a
c
e
m
e
n
t
,

i
n
c
h
e
s
TEST DATA HYPERBOLIC MODEL
Areas of glacial and alluvial deposits (where DD piles
may be feasible) occur in all five boroughs and Long
Island.
In some of the glacial deposits (clean, angular sands and
gravels) shaft and toe resistances are among the highest
developed with DD piles.
Zones of cobbles, boulders and dense sands limit
application or capacity
Current design methodology is applicable under NYC
Building Code
Application is a function of matching system
characteristics, subsurface conditions and working
capacity
Application of DD Piles in New York City
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What about flighted piles?
Queens Approach - Bronx Whitestone Bridge
Queens Approach - Bronx Whitestone Bridge
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4Q-R 5Q-R
Queens Approach - Bronx Whitestone Bridge
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