Presented by: Morgan NeSmith Chief Geotechnical Engineer mnesmith@berkelapg.com To DFI Seminar New York NY 07 November 2013 Scope of Presentation Drilled Displacement Piles in NYC Continuously Flighted Piles in NYC 2 Initial use of ACIP Piles in NYC Late 1970s Alternative to driven piles where vibrations from driven piles had damaged existing structures. Loss-of-ground problems documented. Application generally limited to vibration- sensitive projects. Uncased concrete piles not addressed in NYC Building Code. Use requires submission to Building Department. Augers advanced by power units that developed +- 30,000 ft-lbs ASTM C-33 sand used in grout mixes. Higher volume, more powerful pumps are available. Redi-mix grout common. Original patent for ACIP piles expires. New installers enter the market. STATE OF THE ACIP INDUSTRY Late 1970s 3 First application was on a project where the use of driven piles was restricted. Like conventional ACIP piles, low noise, very low vibration. No soil transport = no loss-of-ground issues. Drastic reduction in spoils. Higher unit shaft and toe components in sands. Initial use of DD Piles in NYC 2002 Displacement Pile Tool Stem becomes progressively larger, terminating in the displacing element +- 3 feet, regular flighting Reverse flighting Displacing element. Same diameter as the flighting below Stem, smaller than flighting 4 Installation Platform TO GROUT PUMP REAL-TIME DISPLAY OF DEPTH, TORQUE, AND GROUT PRESSURE PRESSURE SENSOR 5 Installation E
Grout overpressure is measured at the top of the tools, which may be 60 feet to 90 feet above the tip. Overpressure range for liftoff and shaft casting is 10 to 20 psi. Pressure at the tip includes the overpressure plus the fluid head of grout in the stem. Augers filled with soil, and the displacing element, act as a packer to confine the grout below the tool. Any soil in the annular space around the stem is capture by reverse flighting and displaced into the sides of the hole. Pressure Sensor 6 7 BASIC INSTALLATION CHART 8 9 Power Plant - Nassau County 10 GENERATOR 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 50 100 150 200 qc, tsf D e p t h ,
f t TURBINE 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 50 100 150 200 qc, tsf D e p t h ,
f t WEST EDGE OF STACK 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 50 100 150 200 qc, tsf D e p t h ,
f t Power Plant - Nassau County FINE GRAINED ORGANIC FILL SAND GENERATOR 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 50 100 150 200 qc, tsf D e p t h ,
f t TURBINE 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 50 100 150 200 qc, tsf D e p t h ,
f t WEST EDGE OF STACK 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 50 100 150 200 qc, tsf D e p t h ,
f t Power Plant - Nassau County FINE GRAINED ORGANIC FILL SAND 22-ft x 16-in DD pile for 50 tons 11 Power Plant - Nassau County Riverdale Plaza - Bronx 12 Riverdale Plaza - Bronx CPT-B.4-8, Near Test Pi l e 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 100 200 300 qc, tsf D e p t h ,
f t . Soil Type Number 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 2 4 6 8 10 D e p t h ,
f t . FILL FINE GRAINED SAND Cobbles Riverdale Plaza - Bronx CPT-B.4-8, Near Test Pi l e 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 100 200 300 qc, tsf D e p t h ,
f t . Soil Type Number 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 2 4 6 8 10 D e p t h ,
f t . FILL FINE GRAINED SAND Cobbles 14-in dia. X 30 ft for 60 tons 13 Test Pile Installation Record Tor que Dept h Gr out Pr essur e Riverdale Plaza - Bronx 14 Coney Island Hospital - Brooklyn Coney Island Hospital - Brooklyn 15 Cone Tip Resistance vs Depth, Coney Island Hospital 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 50 100 150 200 Cone Tip Resist ance (qc), t sf D e p t h ,
f t Coney Island Hospital - Brooklyn SAND FILL Cone Tip Resistance vs Depth, Coney Island Hospital 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 50 100 150 200 Cone Tip Resist ance (qc), t sf D e p t h ,
f t Coney Island Hospital - Brooklyn SAND FILL 16-in dia. X 44 ft for 80 tons 16 Coney Island Hospital - Brooklyn Coney Island Hospital - Brooklyn 17 Lowes - Brooklyn Boring B-8, Near Test Pile 2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 SPT " N" , bpf D e p t h ,
f t Boring B-1S, Near Test Pile 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 SPT " N" , bpf D e p t h ,
f t Lowes - Brooklyn FINE GRAINED ORGANIC FILL SAND 18 Boring B-8, Near Test Pile 2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 SPT " N" , bpf D e p t h ,
f t Boring B-1S, Near Test Pile 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 SPT " N" , bpf D e p t h ,
f t Lowes - Brooklyn FINE GRAINED ORGANIC FILL SAND 12-in dia. X 35 ft for 30 tons Lowes Brooklyn Load Displacement 1, Lowes, Brooklyn 12" Diameter, 35' Berkel Displacement Pile, 30-ton Compression 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Load, tons D i s p l a c e m e n t ,
i n c h e s TEST DATA HYPERBOLIC MODEL 19 Lowes - Brooklyn Load Displacement 2, Lowes, Brooklyn 12" Diameter, 35' Berkel Displacement Pile, 30-ton Compression 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Load, tons D i s p l a c e m e n t ,
i n c h e s TEST DATA HYPERBOLIC MODEL Areas of glacial and alluvial deposits (where DD piles may be feasible) occur in all five boroughs and Long Island. In some of the glacial deposits (clean, angular sands and gravels) shaft and toe resistances are among the highest developed with DD piles. Zones of cobbles, boulders and dense sands limit application or capacity Current design methodology is applicable under NYC Building Code Application is a function of matching system characteristics, subsurface conditions and working capacity Application of DD Piles in New York City 20 What about flighted piles? Queens Approach - Bronx Whitestone Bridge Queens Approach - Bronx Whitestone Bridge 21 22 4Q-R 5Q-R Queens Approach - Bronx Whitestone Bridge 23