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  • Datapedia of The United States - American History in Numbers

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    DATAPEDIA of the United States : American History in numbers / edited by George Thomas Kurian. No part of this work covered by the copyrights hereon may be reproduced or used without written permission from the publisher.

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    DATAPEDIA of the United States : American History in numbers / edited by George Thomas Kurian. No part of this work covered by the copyrights hereon may be reproduced or used without written permission from the publisher.

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    93 просмотров525 страниц

    Datapedia of The United States - American History in Numbers

    Загружено:

    Elver Gálarga
    DATAPEDIA of the United States : American History in numbers / edited by George Thomas Kurian. No part of this work covered by the copyrights hereon may be reproduced or used without written permission from the publisher.

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 525

    DATAPEDIA

    of the United States


    Third Edition, 2004

    DATAPEDIA

    of the United States

    American History in Numbers


    Third Edition, 2004

    Edited by George Thomas Kurian

    Lanham, MD

    2004 George Thomas Kurian.


    All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyrights hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or
    by any means, whether graphic, electronic, or mechanicalincluding photocopying, recording, taping, or information
    storage and retrieval systemswithout written permission from the publisher.
    ISBN: 0-89059-862-2
    Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
    Datapedia of the United States : American history in numbers / edited by
    George Thomas Kurian. 3rd ed.
    p. cm.
    Rev. ed. of: Datapedia of the United States, 1790-2005 / George Thomas
    Kurian. 2nd ed. 2001.
    Includes index.
    ISBN 0-89059-862-2
    1. United StatesStatistics. I. Kurian, George Thomas. II. Kurian,
    George Thomas. Datapedia of the United States, 1790-2005.
    HA202.K87 2004
    317.3dc22
    2004046341
    Composed and printed by Automated Graphic Systems, Inc., White Plains, MD, in the United States of America on
    acid-free paper that meets the American National Standards Institute Z39-48 standard.
    2005 2004
    4 3 2 1
    Bernan Press
    4611-F Assembly Drive
    Lanham, MD 20706
    800-274-4447
    email: info@bernan.com
    www.bernanpress.com

    Table of Contents
    INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XV
    ABOUT THE EDITOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XVI
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XVII
    SECTION 1
    LAND, WATER, AND CLIMATE

    ................................................1

    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
    Table 1-1Series J 1-2. Land Area of the United States, 17901990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
    Table 1-2Series J 1-2. Territorial Expansion of the United States, 17901990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
    Table 1-3Series J 92-103. Estimated Water Use, 1900-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
    Table 1-4Series J 268-278. Tornadoes, Floods, and Tropical Cyclones, 18862001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
    Table 1-5. Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recovery, and Disposal, 19802001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
    Table 1-6. National Air Pollutant Emissions, 19702001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

    SECTION 2
    POPULATION

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
    Table 2-1Series A 1-5. Area and Population of the United States, 17902000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
    Table 2-2Series A 6-8. Annual Population Estimates for the United States, 17902003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
    Table 2-3Series A 23-25. Annual Estimates and Projections of the Population, by Sex, 19002050 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
    Table 2-4Series A 29-37. Annual Estimates and Projections of the Population, by Age, 19002050 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
    Table 2-5Series A 91-104. Resident Population, by Sex, 17902000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
    Table 2-6Series A 143-151. Median Age of Population, by Race and Sex, 17902002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
    Table 2-7Series A 160-171. Marital Status of the Population, by Age and Sex, 18902002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
    Table 2-8Series A 172-194. Population of Regions, by Race and Residence, 17902000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
    Table 2-9Series A 195-209. Population of States, by Race, 17902000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
    Table 2-10Series A 335-349. Households, by Number of Persons, 17902002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
    Table 2-11. Components of Population Change, 19902003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
    Table 2-12. Population of Major North American Cities, 17501980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

    SECTION 3
    MIGRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
    Table 3-1Series C 89-119. Immigrants, by Country, 18202001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
    Table 3-2. Immigrants, by Region, 18202002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
    Table 3-3Series C 158-161. Formal Removals and Voluntary Departures of Aliens, 18922002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
    Table 3-4. Foreign-Stock Population, by Nativity and Parentage, 18902000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

    SECTION 4
    BIRTHS AND DEATHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
    Table 4-1Series B 1-2. Live Births and Deaths, 19092002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
    Table 4-2Series B 5-10. Birth RateTotal and Fertility Rate for Women 1544 Years Old, by Race, 18002002 . . 66
    Table 4-3Series B 11-19. Fertility Rate, by Race, 19172002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
    Table 4-4Series B 28-35. Birth Rates of Unmarried Women Ages 1544 Years, by Age of Mother, 19402002 . . . 69
    Table 4-5Series B 107-115. Expectation of Life at Birth, by Race and Sex, 19002010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
    Table 4-6Series B 136-147. Fetal Death Ratio and Neonatal, Infant, and Maternal Mortality Rates, by Race,
    19152001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
    Table 4-7. Number of Deaths, Death Rates, and Age-Adjusted Death Rates, by Race and Sex, 19402001 . . . . . . . 74
    v

    vi

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 5
    MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
    Table 5-1Series B 3-4. Marriages and Divorces, 19202001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
    Table 5-2Series B 214-215. Marriage Rate, 19202001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
    Table 5-3Series B 216-218. Divorce Rate, 19202001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
    Table 5-4. Marital History for People 15 Years and Over, by Age and Sex, Fall 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
    Table 5-5. Percent Reaching State Anniversary by Marriage Cohort and Sex for First and Second Marriages,
    Fall 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

    SECTION 6
    HEALTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
    Table 6-1Series B 221-235. Total National Health Expenditures, by Type of Service, 19292003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
    Table 6-2Series B 236-247. National and Personal Health Care Expenditures, by Source of Funds, 19292002 . . . 88
    Table 6-3Series B 275-290. Physicians, Dentists, and Nurses; and Medical, Dental and Nursing Schools,
    18102002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
    Table 6-4. Medicare Enrollees, 19802002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
    Table 6-5. Medicare Trust Funds, 19902002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
    Table 6-6. Persons Without Medical Coverage, 2000 and 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
    Table 6-7Series B 359-370. Average Daily Census and Admissions to Hospitals, 19462001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
    Table 6-8Series B 389-400. Hospital Expenses per Patient Day, 19462001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
    Table 6-9Series B 413-422. Hospital Expenses and Personnel, 19462001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
    Table 6-10. Mental Health Facilities, by Type of Facility, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
    Table 6-11. Rate of Current Cigarette Smoking, by Sex, Age, and Race, 19652001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
    Table 6-12. Rate of Drug Use, by Type of Drug and Age, 19852001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
    Table 6-13. AIDS Cases Reported, by Patient Characteristic, 19812002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
    Table 6-14. Number and Rate of Abortions, by Race, 19751999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
    Table 6-15. Organ Transplants and Grafts, 19902002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

    SECTION 7
    FOOD AND NUTRITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
    Table 7-1Series B 448-452. Index of Per Capita Consumption of Selected Nutrients, 19092000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
    Table 7-2. Per Capita Consumption of Selected Beverages, by Type, 19662001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
    Table 7-3. Nutrients in Foods Available for Civilian Consumption Per Capita per Day, 19702000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

    SECTION 8
    LABOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
    Table 8-1Series D 11-25. Labor Force Status of the Population, 18702002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
    Table 8-2Series D 85-86. Unemployment, 18902002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
    Table 8-3Series D 87-101. Unemployment Rates, by Sex and Race in the Civilian Labor Force, 19472002 . . . . 116
    Table 8-4Series D 102-115. Unemployment Rates, by Industry (NAICS Basis) 20002002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
    Table 8-5Series D 102-115. Unemployment Rates, by Industry (SIC Basis), 19481999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
    Table 8-6Series D 167-181. Labor Force and Employment, by Super Sector, 18002002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
    Table 8-7Series D 722-727. Average Annual Earnings of Employees, 19292001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
    Table 8-8Series D 802-810. Earnings and Hours of Production Workers in Manufacturing, 19392002 . . . . . . . . 122
    Table 8-9Series D 946-951. Labor Union Membership as a Percent of Total Employment, 19302002 . . . . . . . . . 123
    Table 8-10Series D 970-985. Work Stoppages, Workers Involved, and Days Idle, 19272002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
    Table 8-11Series D 1029-1036. Work Injury Frequency Rates in Manufacturing and Mining, 19762002 . . . . . . . 125
    Table 8-12. Federal Minimum Wage Rates, 19542003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

    CONTENTS

    vii

    Table 8-13. Self-Employed Workers, by Industry and Occupation, 19702002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127


    Table 8-14. Marital Status of Women in the Labor Force, 19602002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
    Table 8-15. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population, by Sex and Race, 19482003 . . . . . . . 129
    Table 8-16. ProductivityOutput per Hour, 19472003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

    SECTION 9
    NATIONAL INCOME AND WEALTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
    Table 9-1Series F 1-5. Gross Domestic Product and GDP Growth Rate, Total and Per Capita, in Current
    and Chained (1996) Dollars, 19292002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
    Table 9-2. GDP Components in Current and Chained (1996) Dollars, 19292002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
    Table 9-3. Gross State Product in Current and Chained (1996) Dollars, 19772001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
    Table 9-4Series F 17-30. Per Capita Income and Product Series for Selected Items
    in Current and Chained (1996) Prices, 19292002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
    Table 9-5Series F 192-209. National Income by Sector, Legal Form of Organization,
    and Type of Income, 19292001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
    Table 9-6Series F 226-237. National Income Without Capital Consumption Adjustment
    by Industry Group, 19292002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
    Table 9-7Series F 297-348. Personal Income by States, 19292002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
    Table 9-8Series F 552-565. Sources and Uses of Savings, 19292002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
    Table 9-9. Persons Below Poverty Level and Below 125 Percent of Poverty Level, 19602001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
    Table 9-10. Children Below Poverty Level, 19702001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
    Table 9-11. Current-Cost Net Stock of Fixed Assets and Consumer Durable Goods, 19252001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
    Table 9-12. Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Net Stock of Fixed Assets
    and Consumer Durable Goods, 19252001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

    SECTION 10
    CONSUMER INCOME AND EXPENDITURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
    Table 10-1Series G 179-188. Number and Median Money Income of Families and Unrelated
    Individuals, 19472001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
    Table 10-2Series G 416-469. Personal Consumption Expenditures, by Major Type of Product, 19462003 . . . . . . 170
    Table 10-3Series G 881-915. Apparent Civilian Per Capita Consumption of Foods, 18492001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
    Table 10-4. Families by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder, 19672001 . . . . . . . . . . . 175
    Table 10-5. Shares of Aggregate Income Received by Each Fifth and Top 5 Percent of Households, 19472002 . . 176
    Table 10-6. Purchasing Power of the Dollar, 19502002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
    Table 10-7. Consumer Price Indexes (CPI-U), by Major Groups, 19802002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

    SECTION 11
    SOCIAL WELFARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
    Table 11-1. Government Transfer Payments to IndividualsSummary, 19702001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
    Table 11-2. Social SecurityCovered Employment, Earnings, and Contribution Rates, 19802002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
    Table 11-3. Social Security Trust Funds, 19902002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
    Table 11-4. Federal Food Programs, 19902002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
    Table 11-5. Private Pension PlansSummary, by Type of Plan, 19801998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
    Table 11-6. State Unemployment InsuranceSummary, 19802002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

    viii

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 12
    EDUCATION AND LEARNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
    Table 12-1. School Enrollment, 19652012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
    Table 12-2. School Expenditures by Type of Control and Level of Instruction in
    Constant (20012002) Dollars, 19602002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
    Table 12-3. School Enrollment by Sex and Level, 19602001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
    Table 12-4. Educational Attainment, by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex, 19402001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
    Table 12-5. Preprimary School EnrollmentSummary, 19702001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
    Table 12-6. Public and Private Elementary and Secondary Teachers, Enrollment,
    and Student/Teacher Ratios, 19552001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
    Table 12-7Series H 598-601. High School Graduates, 18702002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
    Table 12-8. High School Dropouts, by Race and Hispanic Origin, 19752001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
    Table 12-9. Higher EducationSummary, 19802000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
    Table 12-10Series H 751-765. Institutions of Higher EducationDegrees Conferred by Sex, 18702012 . . . . . . . 198
    Table 12-11. Institutions of Higher EducationCharges, 19852002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

    SECTION 13
    LAW ENFORCEMENT, COURTS, AND PRISONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
    Table 13-1Series H 952-961. Crimes and Crime Rates by Type, 19602002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
    Table 13-2. Federal Drug Seizures, by Type of Drug, 19902002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
    Table 13-3Series H 971-986. Suicides, 19002001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
    Table 13-4Series H 987-998. Police Officers Killed, 19452001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
    Table 13-5Series H 1012-1027. Criminal Justice SystemPublic Expenditures,
    by Level of Government, 19022001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
    Table 13-6Series H 1063-1078. U.S. Supreme CourtCases Filed and Disposed of During
    October Terms, 19402001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
    Table 13-7Series H 1097-1111. U.S. District CourtsCivil and Criminal Cases, 19411997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
    Table 13-8Series H 1119-1124. Juvenile CourtCases Handled, 19402000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
    Table 13-9Series H 1135-1143. Federal and State Prisoners by Jurisdicition and Sex, 19252001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
    Table 13-10. Adults on Probation, in Jail or Prison, or on Parole, 19802001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
    Table 13-11Series H 1155-1167. Prisoners Executed Under Civil Authority, by Race, 19302002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
    Table 13-12. Federal Prosecutions of Public Corruption, 19802001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

    SECTION 14
    ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT, RECREATION, AND TRAVEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
    Table 14-1Series H 806-828. National Parks, Monuments, and Allied AreasArea and Visits, 18502001 . . . . . . 223
    Table 14-2Series H 836-848. State ParksAcreage, Expenditures, and Attendance, 19392002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
    Table 14-3Series H 878-893. Personal Consumption Expenditures for Recreation, 19292001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
    Table 14-4Series H 921-940. Travel to Foreign CountriesTravelers and Expenditures, 19192001 . . . . . . . . . . . 227
    Table 14-5Series H 941-951. Foreign Visitors to the United StatesNumber and Receipts, 19192001 . . . . . . . . 227

    SECTION 15
    AGRICULTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
    Table 15-1Series K 162-173. Farms and Land in Farms, by Size of Farms, 18802002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
    Table 15-2Series K 195-203. Farmers Marketing and Purchasing Cooperatives, Memberships, and
    Business, 19132001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
    Table 15-3Series K 204-219. Balance Sheet of the Farming Business Sector, 19402001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
    Table 15-4Series K 256-285. Farm Income and Expenses, 19362001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
    Table 15-5Series K 358-360. Consumer Expenditures, Farm Value, and Marketing Bill for All Farm
    Food Products Purchased by Domestic Civilian Consumers, 19132001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

    CONTENTS

    ix

    Table 15-6Series K 496-501. Acreages of Harvested Crops by Use, and Indexes of Cropland Used for
    Crops and Crop Production per Acre, 19102002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
    Table 15-7. Gross Farm Product Summary, 19802001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
    Table 15-8. Value Added to the Economy by Agricultural Sector, 19802001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
    Table 15-9. Value of Agricultural Exports and Imports, 19802002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

    SECTION 16
    FORESTRY AND FISHERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
    Table 16-1Series L 10-14. National Forest System Areas and Purchases, 19052002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
    Table 16-2Series L 72-86. Domestic Production, Net Imports, and Apparent Consumption of
    Industrial Products in Roundwood Equivalent, 19002002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
    Table 16-3Series L 87-97. Per Capita Consumption of Timber Products, by Major Product, 19001999 . . . . . . . . 254
    Table 16-4Series L 166-177. Paper and Board Domestic Production, Apparent Consumption, and
    Waste Paper Consumption, 18091999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
    Table 16-5Series L 224-235. Yield and Value of Domestic Fisheries, Imports and Exports, 18802002 . . . . . . . . . 258

    SECTION 17
    MINERALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
    Table 17-1. Mineral Production, 19902002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
    Table 17-2. Net U.S. Imports of Selected Minerals and Metals as Percent of Apparent Consumption,
    19802002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
    Table 17-3. Selected Mineral ProductsAverage Prices, 19802002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
    Table 17-4Series M 138-142. Crude PetroleumProduction, Value, and Proved Reserves, 18592001 . . . . . . . . . 267
    Table 17-5. Mineral IndustriesEmployment, Hours, and Earnings, 19902002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

    SECTION 18
    CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
    Table 18-1. Total Housing Inventory, 19652002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
    Table 18-2Series N 1-29. Value of Construction Put in Place, 19642002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
    Table 18-3Series N 78-89. Value of Construction Contracts Awarded (Dodge), by Class of Construction,
    19011998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
    Table 18-4. Price and Cost Indexes for Construction, 19802002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
    Table 18-5. Median Sales Price of New Privately Owned One-Family Houses Sold, by Region, 19802002 . . . . . . . 279
    Table 18-6. Homeownership Rates, by Age of Householder and Household Status, 19852002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
    Table 18-7Series N 170. Mobile Home Shipments, 19592002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
    Table 18-8Series N 186. Low-Rent Public Housing Units, 19471993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
    Table 18-9Series N 200-215. Value of Gross Net Stocks of Residential Structures in Current Dollars,
    19251993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
    Table 18-10Series N 216-231. Mean Age of Stocks of Residential Structures, 19251994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
    Table 18-11Series N 238-245. Occupied Housing Units and Tenure of Home, 18902001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
    Table 18-12Series N 246-258. Housing Units Vacancy Rates, by Region, 19502002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
    Table 18-13Series N 273-276. Residential Nonfarm Mortgage Debt Outstanding, by Type of Property,
    19252002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 19
    MANUFACTURING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
    Table 19-1. Gross Domestic Product in Manufacturing in Current and Real (1996) Dollars, by Industry,
    19902001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
    Table 19-2Series P 1-12. Manufactures Summary, 18492001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
    Table 19-3Series P 74-92. Value of Manufactures Shipments, Inventories, and Orders, 19472002 . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
    Table 19-4Series P 93-106. Manufacturing CorporationsSales, Profits, and Stockholders Equity, 19472002 . . 293
    Table 19-5. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers in Manufacturing Industries, by State, 20012002 . . 294
    Table 19-6. U.S. Aircraft Shipments, 19802003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

    SECTION 20
    TRANSPORTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
    Table 20-1. Transportation-Related Components of U.S. Gross Domestic Product, 19802001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
    Table 20-2Series Q 1-11. Volume of Domestic Intercity Freight and Passenger Traffic, by Type of Transport,
    19802001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
    Table 20-3. Employment and Earnings in Transportation and Warehousing, by Industry, 19902002 . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
    Table 20-4. Transportation Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries, 19802001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
    Table 20-5Series Q 50-63. Mileage of Rural Roads and Municipal Streets, 19212001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
    Table 20-6Series Q 136-147. Public Highway DebtState and Local Governments, 19702001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
    Table 20-7Series Q 148-162. Motor Vehicle Sales from U.S. Factories, Motor Vehicle Registrations,
    and Motor Fuel Usage Consumption, 19002001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
    Table 20-8Series Q 199-207. Miles of Travel by Motor Vehicles, 19212001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
    Table 20-9Series Q 208-223. Motor Vehicle Deaths and Death Rates, 19132001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
    Table 20-10Series Q 224-232. Motor Vehicle AccidentsNumber and Deaths,
    by Type of Accident, 19132001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
    Table 20-11. Domestic Motor Fuel Consumption, by Type of Vehicle, 19702001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
    Table 20-12. Average Cost of Owning and Operating an Automobile, 19752002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
    Table 20-13. Motor Vehicle Sales and Inventories, 19672002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
    Table 20-14. Motor Vehicle Travel, by Type of Vehicle and by Speed, 19702001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
    Table 20-15. Class I Intercity Motor Carriers of Passengers, 19902001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
    Table 20-16Series Q 235-250. Public Transit Equipment, Passengers, and Passenger Revenue, 19222000 . . . . . . 317
    Table 20-17Series Q 577-590. U.S. Scheduled Airline Industry, 19262002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
    Table 20-18Series Q 624-637. Air Transportation Accidents, 19272001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
    Table 20-19Series Q 604-623. Airports, Aircraft, Pilots, and Miles Flown, 19272001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
    Table 20-20. Top 40 Airports in 2002Passengers Enplaned, 1992 and 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
    Table 20-21Series Q 284-312. Railroad Mileage and Equipment, 18962001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322
    Table 20-22Series Q 331-345. Railroad Freight Traffic, 19122001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
    Table 20-23. Cargo-Carrying U.S.-Flag Fleet, by Area of Operation, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
    Table 20-24. Waterborne Commerce, by Type of Commodity, 19902001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
    Table 20-25. Merchant Fleets of the World, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
    Table 20-26. Freight Carried on Major U.S. Waterways, 19802001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

    SECTION 21
    COMMUNICATIONS

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
    Table 21-1Series R 93-105. Radio and Television Stations, Sets Produced, and Households with Sets,
    19212001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
    Table 21-2. Recording MediaManufacturers Shipments and Value, 19822003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
    Table 21-3Series R 163-171. Postal ServicePost Offices, Revenues, Expenditures, and Pieces of Mail
    Handled, 17892002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
    Table 21-4Series R 172-187. Postal ServiceVolume of Mail and Employees, 19262002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
    Table 21-5Series R 188-190. Postal Rates for First-Class Mail, Letters and Postal Cards, 18632002 . . . . . . . . . . . 342

    CONTENTS

    xi

    Table 21-6. Newspaper, Periodical, Database, and Directory PublishersEstimated Revenue, Printing
    Expenses, and Inventories, 19992001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
    Table 21-7. Book PublishersEstimated Revenue, Printing Expenses, and Inventories, 19982001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
    Table 21-8. Telephone Systems, 19852001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
    Table 21-9. Households with Computers and Internet Access, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

    SECTION 22
    ENERGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
    Table 22-1. Energy Overview, 19492001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
    Table 22-2Series S 95-107. Consumption of Fuels, by Electric Utilities, 19492002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
    Table 22-3. Consumption for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), 1949-2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
    Table 22-4. Estimated Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 19492002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
    Table 22-5Series S 190-204. Gas Utility IndustryCustomers, Sales, and Revenues, by Type of Service,
    19322001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
    Table 22-6. Energy Supply and Disposition, by Type of Fuel, 19602001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
    Table 22-7. Nuclear Power PlantsNumber, Capacity, and Generation, 19802001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
    Table 22-8. Energy Consumption, by End-Use Sector, 19702001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
    Table 22-9. Energy Prices, 19802001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
    Table 22-10. Crude Oil and Refined ProductsSummary, 19732002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
    Table 22-11. Electric Utility Sales and Average Prices, by End-Use Sector, 19702002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

    SECTION 23
    DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
    Table 23-1Series T 15-21. Persons Engaged in Distribution and Selected Service Industries (SIC Basis),
    19392002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
    Table 23-2. Retail Trade CorporationsSales, Net Profit, and Profit per Dollar of Sales, 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
    Table 23-3. Retail Trade and Food ServicesSales by Kind of Business, (NAICS Basis), 19922002 . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
    Table 23-4. Wholesale TradeEstablishments, Sales, Payroll, and Employees, by Kind of Business, 1997 . . . . . . . . 365
    Table 23-5. Service-Related IndustriesEstablishments, Employees, and Payroll, by Industry, 2000 and 2001 . . . . 366
    Table 23-6. Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order HousesTotal and E-Commerce Sales,
    by Merchandise Line, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
    Table 23-7. Retail Trade and Food ServicesEstimated Per Capita Sales, by Selected Kinds of Business
    (NAICS Basis), 19922002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
    Table 23-8. Retail FoodstoresNumber and Sales, by Type (NAICS Basis), 19902001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

    SECTION 24
    INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS AND FOREIGN COMMERCE

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
    Table 24-1Series U 1-25. U.S. Exports and Imports of Goods and Services and Income Receipts and
    Payments, 19602002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
    Table 24-2Series U 26-39. International Investment Position of the United States, 18432001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
    Table 24-3Series U 41-46. Value of Direct Investment in Foreign Countries, 19292002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
    Table 24-4Series U 47-62. Value of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States, by Area and Industry
    (SIC and NAICS Basis), 19372002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
    Table 24-5Series U 187-200. Value of Exports and Imports, 17902002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
    Table 24-6. U.S. Foreign Economic and Military Aid Programs, 19802000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

    xii

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 25
    BUSINESS ENTERPRISE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
    Table 25-1. Number of Returns, Receipts, and Net Income by Type of Business, 19802000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
    Table 25-2Series V 1-12. Proprietorships, Partnerships, and CorporationsNumber, Receipts, and Profit,
    19392000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
    Table 25-3. Firm Birth and Deaths, by Employment Size of Enterprise, 19902000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
    Table 25-4Series V 38-40. Recorded Mergers and Acquisitions, 18952020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
    Table 25-5Series V 108-140. Corporate Asset, Liability, Income, Deduction, Tax and Profit Items,
    and Dividends Paid for All Industries, 19262000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
    Table 25-6. Business Cycle Expansions and ContractionsMonths of Duration, 19192001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
    Table 25-7. Composite Indexes of Leading, Coincident, and Lagging Economic Indicators, 19902002 . . . . . . . . . . 394
    Table 25-8. Small Business Administration Loans to Small Businesses, 19902002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
    Table 25-9. Establishments, Employees, and Payroll, by Employment-Size Class, 19902001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

    SECTION 26
    PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
    Table 26-1Series W 82-95. Copyright Registrations, by Type, 18702002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
    Table 26-2Series W 96-106. Patent Applications Filed and Patents Issued, 18792002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
    Table 26-3Series W 107-108. Trademarks Registered and Renewed, 19142002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
    Table 26-4Series W 109-125. Funds Expended for Performance of Research and Development and
    Basic Research, by Sector and Major Function, 19532002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
    Table 26-5. Worldwide Successful Space Launches, 19572002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
    Table 26-6. Federal Outlays for General Science, Space, and Other Technology, 19702007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
    Table 26-7. Research and Development (R&D) Expenditures, 19602002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
    Table 26-8. Nobel Prize Laureates in Selected Sciences, 19012002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

    SECTION 27
    FINANCIAL MARKETS AND INSTITUTIONS

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
    Table 27-1Series X 114-136. Household Assets, Financial Obligations, and Delinquency Rates, 19452002 . . . . . 413
    Table 27-2Series X 410-419. Money StockCurrency, Deposits, Bank Vault Cash, and Gold, 18672002 . . . . . . 415
    Table 27-3Series X 444-455. Money Market Rates, 18902003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
    Table 27-4Series X 474-486. Bond and Stock Yields, 19002003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
    Table 27-5Series X 517-530. Market Value and Volume of Sales of Stocks and Bonds on
    Registered Securities Exchanges, 19352002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
    Table 27-6Series X 536-539. Net Assets, Sales, and Redemptions of Mutual Funds, 19402002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
    Table 27-7. Mortgage Debt Outstanding, 19452002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
    Table 27-8. Consumer Credit Outstanding and Finance Rates, 19902002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
    Table 27-9Series X 879-889. Life Insurance Companies and Life Insurance in Force, by Type, 18152001 . . . . . . 425

    SECTION 28
    POLITICS AND ELECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
    Table 28-1Series Y 79-83. Electoral and Popular Vote Cast for President, by Political Party, 17892000 . . . . . . . . 432
    Table 28-2Series Y 135-186. Popular Vote Cast for President, by State and Political Party, 19602000 . . . . . . . . . 436
    Table 28-3. Voting-Age Population, Percent Reporting Registered, and Voted, 19802000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
    Table 28-4Series Y 204-210. Political Party Affiliation in Congress and the Presidency, 17892004 . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
    Table 28-5. Political Party Control of State Legislatures, by Party, 19792003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
    Table 28-6. Political Party Financial Activity, by Major Political Party, 19812000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
    Table 28-7. Political Action Committees (PAC) Number, by Committee Type, 19802002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
    Table 28-8. Contributions to Congressional Campaigns, by Political Action Committees (PAC),
    by Type of Committee, 19932002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
    Table 28-9. Congressional Campaign Finances Receipts and Disbursements, 19952000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

    CONTENTS

    xiii

    SECTION 29
    GOVERNMENTFEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
    Table 29-1Series Y 189-198. Congressional Bills, Acts, and Resolutions, 17892002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
    Table 29-2Series Y 199-203. Congressional Bills Vetoed, 17892002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
    Table 29-3. Apportionment of Membership in House of Representatives, by State, 17902000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
    Table 29-4. Composition of Congress by Political Party Affiliation, by State, 19972003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
    Table 29-5. Members of CongressSelected Characteristics, 19812001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
    Table 29-6. Number of Governmental Units, by Type, 19422002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
    Table 29-7. Governmental Employment, 19462001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
    Table 29-8. Treaties and Executive Agreements Concluded by the United States, 17892000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
    Table 29-9. Caseload of the U.S. Supreme Court, 19702001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

    SECTION 30
    PUBLIC FINANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
    Table 30-1Series Y 335-338. Summary of Federal Government FinancesAdministrative Budget,
    17891939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
    Table 30-2Series Y 339-342. Summary of Federal Government Finances, 19402004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
    Table 30-3Series Y 402-411. Individual Income Tax Returns, 19131943 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
    Table 30-4Series Y 393-401. Individual Income Tax Returns, 19442000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
    Table 30-5Series Y 493-504. Interest-Bearing Public Debt of the Federal Government, 18531939 . . . . . . . . . . . 465
    Table 30-6Series Y 488-492. Gross Federal Debt Outstanding, 19402009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
    Table 30-7. Government Consumption Expenditures and Investment, by Type, 19462002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
    Table 30-8Series Y 652-670. State and Local Government Revenue, by Source, 19022000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
    Table 30-9Series Y 736-782. State Government Expenditure, by Character and Object
    and by Function, 19022000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
    Table 30-10. Governmental Payrolls, 19462001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
    Table 30-11. State and Local GovernmentsIndebtedness, 19802000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
    Table 30-12. Federal Grants-in-Aid to State and Local Governments, 19802003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
    Table 30-13. Income and Apportionment of State-Administered Lottery Funds, 19922002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

    SECTION 31
    NATIONAL DEFENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
    Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
    Table 31-1Series Y 856-903. Selected Characteristics of the Armed Forces, by War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
    Table 31-2. Military Personnel on Active Duty, by Location, 19802002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
    Table 31-3. Department of Defense Manpower, 19502002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
    Table 31-4. Veterans and Active Duty Military Personnel, 19002002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
    Table 31-5. National Defense Outlays and Veterans Benefits, 19002002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

    INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

    Introduction
    Datapedia of the United States: American History in
    Numbers, Third Edition, is a comprehensive desk reference that continues and enhances Historical Statistics of
    the United States from Colonial Times. Datapedia brings
    together into one source a compendium of the most significant historical statistics of the United States from
    1789 to 2003, as well as demographic and other select
    data projections through 2050. Datapedia provides a
    complete and convenient profile of the United States
    covering all its vital sectorsincluding the labor market, social welfare, and national defense.

    marized effectively. Of course, in the early part of many


    series, the data are limited to the geographic area of the
    original 13 coloniesi.e., the Atlantic seaboard.
    In general, only absolute rather than derived data are
    included because one-dimensional aggregates at gross
    levels offer somewhat greater flexibility to the user.
    Criteria for inclusion vary, but in most cases are based
    on the quantity and quality of the data available and
    the extent to which they enhance our understanding of
    historical trends. Additionally, certain series are presented only for years in which a national census was held.

    New to the Third Edition


    History of Statistics
    Datapedia retains the features of its previous edition,
    but has been expanded to include 31 selected areas.
    Expanded areas of coverage include statistics and
    analyses on the following topics:

    Prior to the first census of 1790, the collection of statistics was not considered as a primary function of the U.S.
    government. The accuracy of the limited data that was
    collected, however, was much higher, given that our
    nation was significantly smallerliterally and figurativelycomparative to today. Although some of this
    datafrom the early years of our republichave been
    lost, much of the data have been gathered from fugitive
    documents. Further, the quality of the statistical tables
    spanning over two centuries is remarkably even.

    Health and Healthcare


    Food and Nutrition
    Education and Learning
    Law Enforcement, Courts, and Prisons
    Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, and Travel
    Politics and Elections
    Public Finance
    National Defense

    As our country developed, the complexity of statistical


    operations grew as well as the techniques for data collection and analysis. Data collection and analysis
    became a routine function of the government as well as
    independent researchers and scholars. Statistics began
    to be viewed as not only a means to measure and analyze the current state of our society but also to predict
    future trends, which is one of the intended uses of
    Datapedia.

    The historical context of the statistical data included in


    this edition is emphasized by Datapedias new subtitle
    American History in Numbers. The new subtitle further
    links Datapedia to Historical Statistics and speaks to this
    editions depth and scope of coverage.
    Publication Features
    Those familiar with Historical Statistics will find that
    Datapedia is organized similarly, but presents the most
    important of the time series data in a reader-friendly
    format, balanced by highlights and graphics in each section. Datapedia includes approximately 280 data tables
    that have been expertly selected, compiled, and analyzed. For the period of 1790 to 1970, the data is based
    entirely on Historical Statistics. For the time period following, Datapedia is based on the annual Statistical
    Abstract of the United States as well as other government data from several sources.

    Projective statistics and number crunching, in general,


    have been greatly facilitated by the introduction of
    computers in the twentieth century. Although data
    experts still are, and will continue to be, an integral part
    of data gathering and interpretation, automated computer processes have provided us with raw and refined
    data of exceptionally high quality. Technological
    advancements have also resulted in increased access to
    government statistics via the posting of a myriad of data
    on many government Web sites.
    Most, if not all, of the data organized in this edition is
    publicly available online. However, the task of gathering
    them from a number of sources within the government
    and assembling them into a logical and understandable
    format is impractical for most data users. Additionally,
    even though current statistics are readily available,
    obtaining historical time series data often is time-consuming and difficult. Definitions and other documentation can be inconvenient to find as well. Continuing the
    tradition of Historical Statistics, Datapedia greatly sim-

    As in Historical Statistics, Datapedia is arranged by


    macro subjects in numbered chapters. However, the
    chapter divisions are modified slightly from those in
    Historical Statistics. The original series numbers have
    been maintained, where applicable, in the Datapedia
    table titles. Generally, only national data are shown.
    Some exceptions are made where regional or state statistics are useful for the correct interpretation of data or
    where national data in the subject field cannot be sumxv

    xvi

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    plifies the task of researching and analyzing data from


    an historical perspective; and, according to American
    Reference Books Annual, presents a plethora of interesting and often hard-to-find data in a user-friendly format.
    The data in this edition meet the publication standards
    of the federal statistical agencies from which they were
    obtained. Every effort has been made to select data that
    are accurate, meaningful, and useful. All statistical data
    are subject to error arising from sampling variability,
    reporting errors, incomplete coverage, imputation, and
    other causes. The responsibility of the editor and publisher of Datapedia is limited to reasonable care in the
    reproduction and presentation of data obtained from
    established sources.
    George Thomas Kurian, Editor

    ABOUT THE EDITOR


    George Thomas Kurian is a noted encyclopedist,
    researcher, and president of the New York-based
    Encyclopedia Society. Mr. Kurian has authored nearly
    25 encyclopedias and over 30 other reference books.
    The reference books he has authored include the following:

    Atlas of the Third World


    Dictionary of World Politics
    Encyclopedia of American Studies
    Encyclopedia of the Worlds Nations
    Global Data Locator
    Historical Guide to U. S. Government
    Sourcebook of Global Statistics

    Acknowledgements
    Datapedia of the United States: American History in
    Numbers, Third Edition, would not have been possible
    without the foresight of founding and current editor
    George Thomas Kurian. Recognizing that a compilation
    of historical statistics was too valuable to be lost to the
    public, Mr. Kurian first collaborated with Bernan Press
    in 1994 in the publication of the first edition of
    Datapedia and again in 2001 for the second edition. So,
    first and foremost, thanks are due to Mr. Kurian for his
    role in ensuring the continuity of the Datapedia series
    and for his guidance in the production of the third edition.
    Special thanks are also due to Katherine DeBrandt of
    Bernan Press. In her role as senior data analyst,
    Katherine directed the efforts of the Bernan Press
    research team in updating Datapedia. The Bernan Press
    team who tirelessly searched for and logically organized
    often hard-to-find data consisted of data analyst Mary
    Meghan Ryan and research editor Mark Siegal, as well
    as Bernan Press County and City Extra Series editor
    and data use expert Deirdre Gaquin. Additionally, economic consultant Gaston Gahou, who also worked on

    the second edition of Datapedia, provided research support. The research teamwith overall oversight from
    Mr. Kurianput forth a tremendous effort to bring you
    authoritative data and expert analysis on the history of
    America.
    Finally, thanks also to the editorial and production
    departments of Bernan Press, who did the copyediting,
    layout, and graphics preparation. Jacalyn Houston edited the manuscript; Kara Prezocki prepared the layout
    and graphics; and Christopher Jorgenson provided Kara
    with production support. Jacalyn, Kara, and Christopher
    capably handled all editorial and production aspects of
    Datapedia.
    I am extremely grateful for each persons respective
    contributions and commitment to helping Bernan Press
    fulfill the research needs of our customers, particularly
    as it relates to discontinued government publications.
    Tamera L. Wells-Lee
    Director of Publishing, Bernan Press

    xvii

    SECTION

    LAND, WATER,
    AND CLIMATE

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 1

    LAND, WATER,
    AND CLIMATE
    Highlights

    National Air Pollutant Emissions, 19702000


    200
    Sulfur dioxide
    Nitrogen oxide
    Volatile organic compounds
    Carbon monoxide

    180
    160

    Millions of tons

    140
    120
    100
    80
    60
    40
    20
    0
    1970

    1980

    1990

    2000

    Year

    1
    When the United States became a republic, its
    boundaries were unclear. Its territorial claims were
    based on several treaties that were subject to interpretation. The boundaries themselves were poorly marked
    and expanded or receded depending on the status of
    the Indian Wars. From 1781 to 1867, the federal government acquired millions of acres of public domain. From
    1781 to 1902, 7 of the original 13 states relinquished
    their claims to the so-called Western lands to the federal government. In 1788, the state of Maryland ceded
    the present area of the District of Columbia. Between
    1810 and 1867, title to the remaining area west of the
    Mississippi River (except the state of Texas) and to
    Florida passed to the federal government. The annual
    report to the General Land Office in 1850 contained

    the first reference to the areas of the states and territories, although the methods used to obtain the measurements was not indicated. In 1881, the Bureau of the
    Census initiated the first effort to obtain an accurate
    and detailed area measurement of the United States.
    This was revised in 1940 in Areas of the United States
    and presented land and water areas, as well as state,
    municipal and county boundaries. Differences in land
    area figures over time reflect improvements in cartography that made possible a more accurate determination
    of the outer limits as well as inclusion or exclusion of
    certain bodies of water. For the 2000 census, area measurements were calculated by computer based on the
    information contained in a single database, the TIGER
    (Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and

    SECTION 1: LAND, WATER, AND CLIMATE


    Referencing) File. As result, the number of inland water
    areas increased when coverage was extended to inland
    bodies of water of at least 40 acres and streams with a
    width of at least one-eighth of a statute mile. An inventory of the nations land resources by type of use/cover
    was conducted by the Soil Conservation Service from
    1982 to 1987, and its results were published in 1987 in
    the National Inventory of Land Resources.

    The state with the largest land area and largest


    water area is Alaska. Alaskas water area of 91,316
    square miles is larger than the land area of all but 11
    states.

    The highest point in the United States is Mount


    McKinley in Alaska at 20,320 feet (6,198 meters). The
    lowest point is Death Valley in California at -282 feet
    (-86 meters).

    The five Great LakesMichigan, Superior, Huron,


    Erie, and Ontario (including only those portions under
    the jurisdiction of the United States)account for
    60,178 square miles of water areas. The largest inland
    lakes outside the Great Lakes are Great Salt Lake
    (1,836 square miles) and Green Bay (1,396 square
    miles).

    The Mississippi, Americas longest river, is 2,340


    miles long. It has an average discharge at its mouth of
    593,000 cubic feet per second and a drainage area of
    1,150,000 square miles. There are nine other rivers
    longer than 1,000 miles: Missouri (2,540 miles), Yukon
    (1,980 miles), St. Lawrence (1,900 miles), Arkansas
    (1,460 miles), Atchafalaya (1,420 miles), Ohio (1,310
    miles), Red (1,290 miles), Columbia (1,240 miles), and
    Snake (1,040 miles).

    Of the 2,271,343,000 acres of land in the United


    States, 674,267,000 acres or 29.7 percent is federal land.
    The percentage of federal land is highest in Nevada
    (91.7 percent), Alaska (67.7 percent), Utah (66.5 percent), Idaho (65.0 percent), and Wyoming (50.6 percent). It is lowest in Connecticut (0.5 percent), Maine
    and Rhode Island (0.8 percent each), Iowa (0.9 percent), New York and Kansas (1.1 percent each), Ohio
    (1.1 percent), Texas (1.9 percent).

    7 In 1995, total water withdrawal (all water withdrawn


    from natural reservoirs, lakes, rivers, and so on for
    human consumption and industrial use) per day in the
    United States was 401.5 billion gallons, or 1,280 gallons
    per capita. The largest water use was for electric utilities
    (190 billion gallons per day), followed by irrigation (134

    billion gallons per day), public supply (43 billion gallons


    per day), and industrial use (26 billion gallons per day).
    Of total water withdrawals, 18.7 percent is ground water
    and 81.3 percent surface water.

    In 2000, 8,354 oil spills were reported, 1,838 in the


    Gulf of Mexico, 623 in the Pacific Ocean, 150 in the
    Atlantic Ocean, 96 in the Great Lakes, and 1,816 in
    rivers and canals.

    9
    The principal agency for environmental monitoring
    in the United States is the Council on Environmental
    Quality (CEQ), and the principal agency for pollution
    abatement and control activities is the Environmental
    Protection Agency (EPA). CEQ reports data on environmental conditions in its annual Environmental
    Quality. The National Ambient Air Quality Standards
    (NAAQS) are set by the EPA for particulate matter,
    sulfur dioxide, petrochemical oxidants (now called
    ozone), carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide.
    Environmental quality has steadily improved in the
    United States since the 1970s. In 2001, sulfur dioxide
    decreased to 15,790,000 tons from 31,161,000 tons in
    1970; volatile organic compounds to 17,963,000 tons
    from 30,982,000 tons; carbon monoxide to 120,759,000
    tons from 129,994,000 tons, lead to 2,627,000 tons (in
    1996) from 220,869,000 tons; and particulate matter
    (PM-10) to 9,442,000 tons from 13,042,000 tons. Only
    nitrogen dioxide increased, rising from 20,928,000 tons
    in 1970 to 22,349,000 tons in 2001.

    10

    Between 1980 and 1995, there were 252 violations nationwide of fecal coliform bacteria count in
    rivers and streams, and 21 violations relating to levels of
    dissolved oxygen below 5 milligrams in water. The number is indicative of the amount of sewage contained in
    drinking water.

    11
    In 2001, 229.2 million tons of waste were generated nationwide, or 4.4 pounds per capita per day. Of
    these, 68 million tons were recycled and recovered.
    Paper and paperboard accounted for 35.7 of recycled
    and recovered materials. The Northeast leads in curbside recycling programs, serving 83 percent of the population. The percentage of population served through
    recycling programs is lowest in the South at 35 percent.

    12

    In 2002, there were 1,291 hazardous waste sites


    in the United States, of which New Jersey had the most
    at 115 sites, followed by California (98), Pennsylvania
    (96), and New York (91).

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    13

    In 2003, the United States had 599 species of


    endangered (those in immediate danger of becoming
    extinct) plants, 65 species of endangered mammals, 78
    species of endangered birds, and 14 species of endangered reptiles. On the threatened species list (those
    likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future),
    there were 9 species of mammals, 14 species of birds, 22
    species of reptiles, and 147 species of plants.

    14
    The number of tornadoes and storms have
    increased in the past 20 years. In 1997, there were 1,148
    tornadoes (compared with 656 in 1987 and 701 in 1988)
    and 117 flash floods (compared with 70 in 1987). The
    number of North Atlantic tropical storms and hurricanes varied widely over the years. Between 1987 and

    1997, there were 113 tropical storms and hurricanes in


    the Atlantic coastal states.

    15
    The lowest temperature on record in the United
    States was -44F in Bismarck, North Dakota. The city
    with the most precipitation is Mobile, Alabama, with
    66.29 inches, but Juneau has the most rainy days224
    in a year. Sault Ste Marie (Michigan) holds the record
    for the highest average annual snowfall: 117.4 inches.

    SECTION 1: LAND, WATER, AND CLIMATE

    Table 1-1Series J 1-2. Land Area of the United States, 17901990


    (Square miles.)
    Area
    Year
    Gross area

    Land

    Water

    United States
    1990 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
    1980 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
    1970 (April 1) ......................................................................................................................................................................................
    1960 (April 1) ......................................................................................................................................................................................
    1950 (April 1) ......................................................................................................................................................................................

    3 787 425
    3 618 770
    3 615 122
    3 615 123
    3 615 211

    3 536 342
    3 539 289
    3 536 855
    3 540 911
    3 552 206

    251 083
    79 481
    78 267
    74 212
    63 005

    Coterminous United States1


    1960 (April 1) ......................................................................................................................................................................................
    1950 (April 1) ......................................................................................................................................................................................
    1940 (April 1) ......................................................................................................................................................................................
    1930 (April 1) ......................................................................................................................................................................................
    1920 (Jan. 1) ......................................................................................................................................................................................

    3 002 261
    3 022 387
    3 022 387
    3 022 387
    3 022 387

    2 968 054
    2 974 726
    2 977 128
    2 977 128
    2 969 451

    54 207
    47 661
    45 259
    45 259
    52 936

    1910 (April 15) ....................................................................................................................................................................................


    1900 (June 1) .....................................................................................................................................................................................
    1890 (June 1) .....................................................................................................................................................................................
    1880 (June 1) .....................................................................................................................................................................................
    1870 (June 1) .....................................................................................................................................................................................

    3 022 387
    3 022 387
    3 022 387
    3 022 387
    3 022 387

    2 969 565
    2 969 834
    2 969 640
    2 969 640
    2 969 640

    52 822
    52 553
    52 747
    52 747
    52 747

    1860 (June 1)
    1850 (June 1)
    1840 (June 1)
    1830 (June 1)
    1820 (Aug. 7)

    .....................................................................................................................................................................................
    .....................................................................................................................................................................................
    .....................................................................................................................................................................................
    .....................................................................................................................................................................................
    .....................................................................................................................................................................................

    3 022 387
    2 992 747
    1 788 006
    1 788 006
    1 788 006

    2 969 640
    2 940 042
    1 749 462
    1 749 462
    1 749 462

    52 747
    52 705
    38 544
    38 544
    38 544

    1810 (Aug. 6) .....................................................................................................................................................................................


    1800 (Aug. 4) .....................................................................................................................................................................................
    1790 (Aug. 2) .....................................................................................................................................................................................

    1 716 003
    888 811
    888 811

    1 681 828
    864 746
    864 746

    34 175
    24 065
    24 065

    1Excludes

    Alaska and Hawaii.

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 1-2Series J 1-2. Territorial Expansion of the United States, 17901990


    (Square miles.)
    Area
    Accession

    Gross area
    (land and water) 1

    Year

    Total ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    United States ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    Territory in 1790 1 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................
    Louisiana Purchase ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
    By Treaty with Spain
    Florida ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    Other areas .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    1970
    ...
    ...
    1830

    3 628 066
    3 615 122
    888 685
    827 192

    1819
    1819

    58 560
    13 443

    Texas ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    Oregon ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    Mexican Cession ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    Gadsden Purchase ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................
    Alaska ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    Hawaii ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    1845
    1846
    1848
    1853
    1867
    1898

    390 143
    285 580
    529 017
    29 640
    586 412
    6 450

    Other areas
    The Philippines 2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    Puerto Rico ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    Guam ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    American Samoa ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    Canal Zone 3 .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    Corn Islands 4 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    Virgin Islands of the U.S. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................
    Pacific Islands 5 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    1898
    1899
    1899
    1900
    1904
    1914
    1917
    1947

    115 600
    3 435
    212
    76
    553
    4
    133
    8 489

    All other .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    ...

    42

    1Includes

    that part of draining basin of Red River of the North, south of 49th parallel, sometimes considered part of Louisiana Purchase.
    included in total. Ceded by Spain in 1898, the Philippines constituted a territorial procession of the United States until 1946. Granted independence July 4, 1946.
    jurisdiction of the United States in accordance with treaty of Nov. 18, 1903 with the Republic of Panama.
    4Included in total for 1970. Leased (1914) from Republic of Nicaragua for 99 years, but returned April 25, 1971.
    5Under trusteeship with the United States as administering authority. See Trusteeship Agreement for the former Japanese Mandated Islands (Documentary Supplement No.1) of the
    Security Council of the United Nations which became effective on July 18, 1947.
    . . . = Not available.
    2Not

    3Under

    SECTION 1: LAND, WATER, AND CLIMATE

    Table 1-3Series J 92-103. Estimated Water Use, 19002000


    (Billions of gallons, daily average.)
    Selfsupplied use
    Year

    Total water
    use

    Total
    irrigation 1

    Total public
    water utilities

    Total rural
    domestic 2

    Total
    Total steam
    industrial
    electric
    and miscellautilities
    neous 3

    2000
    1995
    1990
    1985

    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................

    408
    402
    408
    399

    137.0
    134.0
    137.0
    137.0

    43.3
    43.0
    41.0
    38.0

    5.4
    8.9
    7.9
    7.8

    22.3
    26.0
    30.0
    31.0

    195.5
    190.0
    195.0
    187.0

    1980
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................

    440
    420
    373
    361
    350
    338

    150.0
    140.0
    125.0
    124.0
    122.0
    120.0

    34.0
    29.0
    29.0
    29.0
    28.0
    27.0

    5.6
    4.9
    4.5
    4.5
    4.4
    4.4

    45.0
    45.0
    63.0
    61.0
    59.0
    57.0

    210.0
    200.0
    145.0
    142.0
    135.0
    128.0

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................

    327
    403
    395
    388
    380
    270
    362
    352
    344
    335

    119.2
    156.8
    154.6
    152.5
    150.3
    110.8
    145.5
    142.9
    141.2
    138.5

    27.0
    26.6
    26.2
    25.8
    25.4
    23.7
    24.4
    23.8
    23.3
    22.7

    4.3
    6.8
    6.7
    6.7
    6.6
    4.1
    6.4
    6.3
    6.2
    6.1

    56.0
    83.4
    80.9
    78.3
    75.8
    46.4
    70.8
    68.4
    66.6
    64.2

    120.8
    129.6
    126.9
    124.3
    121.6
    84.5
    114.9
    110.8
    107.2
    103.1

    1960 4 .............................................................................................................................................................
    1958 ...............................................................................................................................................................
    1955 ...............................................................................................................................................................
    1950 ...............................................................................................................................................................
    1946 ...............................................................................................................................................................
    1945 ...............................................................................................................................................................
    1944 ...............................................................................................................................................................

    323
    299
    264
    203
    166
    170
    178

    135.0
    127.5
    116.3
    100.0
    86.4
    83.1
    80.6

    22.0
    19.7
    16.3
    14.1
    12.0
    12.0
    12.0

    6.0
    5.8
    5.4
    4.6
    3.5
    3.2
    3.2

    61.2
    56.4
    49.2
    38.1
    33.0
    41.0
    48.0

    98.7
    89.9
    76.6
    45.9
    30.8
    31.2
    34.6

    1940
    1930
    1920
    1910
    1900

    136
    110
    92
    66
    40

    71.0
    60.2
    55.9
    39.0
    20.2

    10.1
    8.0
    6.0
    4.7
    3.0

    3.1
    2.9
    2.4
    2.2
    2.0

    29.0
    21.0
    18.0
    14.0
    10.0

    23.2
    18.4
    9.2
    6.5
    5.0

    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................................

    1Total

    take including delivery losses but not including reservoir evaporation.


    farm and nonfarm household and garden use, and for farm stock and dairies.
    3For 19001960, includes manufacturing industries, mineral industries, rural commercial industries, air conditioning, resorts, hotels, motels, military, and other state and federal agencies
    and other miscellaneous uses; thereafter, includes manufacturing, mining, and mineral processing, ordance and construction.
    4Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
    2Rural

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 1-4Series J 268-278. Tornadoes, Floods, and Tropical Cyclones, 18862001


    (Number, millions of dollars.)
    Tornadoes

    Year

    Lives lost
    Most in a
    single
    tornado

    Number
    Total

    North Atlantic tropical


    cyclones (including
    hurricanes)

    Floods

    With
    $500,000
    and over in
    property
    loss

    Lives lost

    Property loss
    ($1,000,000)

    Total
    reaching
    U.S. coast

    Lives lost in
    United
    States

    2002 ..........................................................................................................................
    2001 ..........................................................................................................................

    ...
    1 104

    55
    39

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    49
    48

    655.0
    1 220.3

    ...
    ...

    ...
    44

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................

    1 071
    1 343
    1 424
    1 148
    1 170
    1 235
    1 082
    1 173
    1 297
    1 132

    40
    94
    130
    67
    25
    30
    69
    33
    39
    39

    ...
    7
    32
    27
    5
    6
    22
    7
    12
    17

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    38
    68
    136
    118
    131
    80
    91
    103
    62
    61

    1 255.1
    1 420.7
    2 324.8
    6 910.6
    2 120.7
    1 250.5
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    3
    3
    1
    2
    2
    ...
    1
    1
    1

    5
    70
    23
    4
    33
    29
    38
    9
    26
    17

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................

    1 133
    856
    702
    656
    764
    684
    907
    931
    1 046
    783

    53
    50
    32
    59
    15
    94
    122
    34
    64
    24

    29
    21
    5
    30
    3
    18
    16
    3
    10
    5

    91
    60
    48
    38
    75
    69
    125
    95
    92
    55

    ...
    81
    29
    82
    80
    304
    126
    200
    155
    90

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1
    4
    12
    7
    6
    11
    2
    2
    1
    2

    13
    56
    ...
    ...
    ...
    9
    4
    22
    ...
    ...

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................

    866
    852
    788
    852
    835
    920
    947
    1 102
    741
    888

    28
    84
    53
    43
    44
    60
    361
    87
    27
    156

    5
    42
    16
    22
    5
    9
    34
    7
    6
    58

    92
    73
    59
    46
    46
    42
    107
    76
    29
    35

    97
    100
    120
    212
    187
    114
    121
    105
    540
    74

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2
    5
    2
    1
    2
    1
    1
    1
    3
    5

    2
    11
    35
    ...
    9
    21
    1
    5
    121
    8

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................

    649
    604
    661
    912
    570
    899
    713
    461
    658
    682

    73
    66
    131
    116
    99
    298
    73
    31
    28
    51

    26
    32
    34
    33
    58
    44
    22
    5
    17
    16

    30
    19
    32
    41
    17
    41
    22
    16
    10
    22

    135
    297
    31
    34
    31
    119
    100
    39
    19
    52

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4
    3
    3
    2
    2
    2
    6
    1
    1
    3

    11
    256
    9
    18
    54
    75
    49
    11
    4
    46

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................

    618
    589
    565
    864
    532
    593
    549
    437
    236
    272

    47
    58
    66
    191
    83
    125
    35
    516
    230
    34

    16
    21
    19
    44
    25
    80
    6
    116
    57
    6

    12
    5
    9
    29
    25
    14
    9
    25
    19
    13

    32
    25
    47
    82
    42
    302
    55
    40
    54
    51

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    5
    7
    1
    5
    2
    5
    4
    6
    2
    1

    65
    24
    2
    395
    21
    218
    193
    2
    3
    ...

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................

    199
    249
    183
    165
    106
    121
    169
    152
    167
    118

    70
    212
    140
    313
    78
    210
    275
    58
    384
    53

    18
    58
    33
    169
    15
    69
    100
    5
    65
    25

    9
    13
    13
    8
    7
    11
    9
    8
    10
    1

    93
    48
    82
    55
    28
    91
    33
    107
    68
    47

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4
    3
    4
    7
    4
    5
    4
    4
    3
    4

    19
    4
    3
    53
    ...
    7
    64
    16
    8
    10

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................

    124
    152
    213
    147
    151
    180
    147
    258
    151
    94

    65
    87
    183
    29
    552
    70
    47
    362
    394
    36

    18
    27
    32
    5
    216
    11
    6
    34
    37
    6

    2
    3
    6
    ...
    6
    ...
    3
    9
    2
    1

    60
    83
    180
    142
    142
    236
    88
    33
    11
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3
    3
    4
    4
    7
    2
    5
    7
    5
    2

    51
    3
    600
    ...
    9
    414
    17
    63
    ...
    ...

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 1: LAND, WATER, AND CLIMATE

    Table 1-4Series J 268-278. Tornadoes, Floods, and Tropical Cyclones, 18862001Continued


    (Number, millions of dollars.)
    Tornadoes

    Year

    Lives lost
    Number
    Total

    North Atlantic tropical


    cyclones (including
    hurricanes)

    Floods

    Most in a
    single
    tornado

    With
    $500,000
    and over in
    property
    loss

    Lives lost

    Property loss
    ($1,000,000)

    Total
    reaching
    U.S. coast

    Lives lost in
    United
    States

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................

    192
    197
    203
    163
    111
    119
    130
    102
    108
    105

    179
    274
    92
    540
    144
    794
    376
    109
    135
    202

    41
    40
    14
    92
    23
    689
    85
    23
    16
    61

    6
    4
    7
    10
    ...
    3
    12
    1
    5
    3

    14
    89
    15
    423
    16
    36
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1
    2
    3
    1
    4
    2
    3
    4
    1
    2

    ...
    3
    1 836
    ...
    269
    6
    2
    ...
    ...
    5

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................

    87
    64
    81
    121
    90
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    498
    206
    135
    509
    150
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    87
    59
    36
    101
    30
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    10
    2
    5
    9
    1
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3
    2
    2
    1
    8
    4
    1
    3
    4
    2

    2
    287
    34
    5
    107
    600
    ...
    ...
    12
    17

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2
    7
    2
    3
    6
    2
    3
    2
    3
    6

    13
    404
    ...
    ...
    285
    ...
    ...
    9
    ...
    10

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3
    4
    6
    4
    4
    4
    3
    7
    3
    4

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1889
    1888
    1887
    1886

    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4
    6
    4
    7

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    . . . = Not available.

    10

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 1-5. Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recovery, and Disposal, 19802001
    (Millions of tons, pounds per person, percent.)
    Year

    1980

    1990

    1991

    1992

    1993

    1994

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    Waste Generated .................


    Per person per day (lb) ..........

    151.6
    3.7

    205.2
    4.5

    204.6
    4.4

    208.9
    4.5

    211.8
    4.5

    214.2
    4.5

    211.4
    4.4

    209.2
    4.3

    217.0
    4.4

    223.4
    4.5

    231.0
    4.6

    232.0
    4.5

    229.2
    4.4

    Materials Recovered ............


    Per person per day (lb) ..........

    14.5
    0.4

    33.2
    0.7

    37.0
    0.8

    40.6
    0.9

    43.8
    0.9

    50.8
    1.1

    54.9
    1.1

    57.4
    1.2

    60.8
    1.2

    61.1
    1.2

    64.8
    1.3

    67.7
    1.3

    68.0
    1.3

    Combustion for Energy


    Recovery .........................
    Per person per day (lb) ..........

    2.7
    0.1

    31.9
    0.7

    30.1
    0.7

    30.5
    0.7

    30.9
    0.7

    31.2
    0.7

    35.5
    0.7

    36.1
    0.7

    36.7
    0.8

    34.4
    0.7

    34.0
    0.7

    33.7
    0.7

    33.6
    0.7

    Combustion without Energy


    Recovery .........................
    Per person per day (lb) ..........

    11.0
    0.3

    2.2
    0.05

    2.2
    0.05

    2.2
    0.05

    1.6
    0.03

    1.3
    0.03

    1.0
    0.02

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    Landfill, Other Disposal ......


    Per person per day (lb) ..........

    123.4
    3.0

    140.1
    3.1

    135.3
    2.9

    135.7
    2.9

    135.5
    2.9

    130.9
    2.8

    120.9
    2.5

    115.7
    2.4

    119.5
    2.4

    127.1
    2.6

    132.1
    2.7

    130.6
    2.5

    127.6
    2.5

    Percent Distribution of
    Generation
    Paper and paperboard ...........
    Glass ......................................
    Metals ....................................
    Plastics ..................................
    Rubber and leather ................
    Textiles ..................................
    Wood .....................................
    Food wastes ..........................
    Yard wastes ...........................
    Other wastes ..........................

    36.4
    10.0
    10.2
    4.5
    2.8
    1.7
    4.6
    8.6
    18.1
    3.2

    35.4
    6.4
    8.1
    8.3
    2.8
    2.8
    6.0
    10.1
    17.1
    3.0

    34.7
    6.2
    8.1
    8.7
    2.9
    3.0
    6.2
    10.2
    17.1
    3.1

    35.5
    6.3
    7.7
    8.8
    2.8
    3.2
    5.9
    10.1
    16.8
    2.9

    36.6
    6.4
    7.5
    9.0
    2.7
    3.2
    5.8
    10.0
    15.7
    3.0

    37.7
    6.2
    7.6
    9.0
    2.9
    3.4
    5.3
    10.0
    14.7
    3.2

    38.6
    6.1
    7.5
    8.9
    2.9
    3.5
    4.9
    10.3
    14.0
    3.3

    38.1
    5.9
    7.7
    9.4
    3.0
    3.7
    5.2
    10.4
    13.3
    3.3

    38.6
    5.5
    7.7
    9.9
    3.0
    3.8
    5.3
    10.1
    12.8
    3.3

    37.7
    5.7
    7.5
    10.0
    3.1
    3.9
    5.4
    11.2
    12.4
    3.2

    38.2
    5.6
    7.7
    10.4
    2.7
    3.9
    5.4
    10.9
    12.0
    3.2

    37.4
    5.4
    7.8
    10.7
    2.7
    4.0
    5.6
    11.2
    12.0
    3.2

    35.7
    5.5
    7.9
    11.1
    2.8
    4.3
    5.7
    11.4
    12.2
    3.4

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 1: LAND, WATER, AND CLIMATE

    11

    Table 1-6. National Air Pollutant Emissions, 19702001


    (Thousands of tons.)
    Year

    2001 .....................................................................................

    PM10

    PM10 fugitive
    dust 1

    PM2.5

    Sulfur dioxide

    Nitrogen
    dioxides

    Volatile organic
    compounds

    Carbon
    monoxide

    Lead 2

    9 442

    14 662

    7 380

    15 790

    22 349

    17 963

    120 759

    ...

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .....................................................................................
    .....................................................................................
    .....................................................................................
    .....................................................................................
    .....................................................................................
    .....................................................................................
    .....................................................................................
    .....................................................................................
    .....................................................................................
    .....................................................................................

    10 385
    9 185
    8 345
    8 396
    9 017
    8 807
    8 888
    8 411
    8 927
    9 270

    14 314
    12 447
    14 555
    14 516
    13 845
    17 012
    19 722
    18 953
    18 170
    18 075

    8 175
    6 813
    6 263
    6 257
    6 726
    6 929
    7 541
    7 150
    7 198
    7 320

    16 317
    17 651
    18 947
    18 841
    18 387
    18 619
    21 346
    21 772
    22 082
    22 375

    23 199
    23 671
    24 349
    24 712
    24 790
    24 956
    25 349
    25 357
    25 260
    25 179

    19 704
    19 378
    18 783
    19 534
    20 870
    22 041
    22 569
    22 730
    23 066
    23 577

    123 568
    117 229
    115 382
    117 913
    128 860
    126 777
    133 559
    135 901
    140 896
    147 128

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    2 627
    3 929
    4 047
    3 916
    3 810
    4 169

    1990
    1985
    1980
    1975
    1970

    .....................................................................................
    .....................................................................................
    .....................................................................................
    .....................................................................................
    .....................................................................................

    9 690
    11 590
    7 013
    7 671
    13 042

    18 068
    29 734
    ...
    ...
    ...

    7 561
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    23 078
    23 307
    25 925
    28 011
    31 161

    25 530
    25 757
    27 079
    22 632
    20 928

    24 116
    27 404
    31 106
    26 079
    30 982

    154 189
    176 844
    185 407
    116 757
    129 444

    4 975
    22 890
    74 153
    159 659
    220 869

    1Sources

    such as agricultural tilling, construction, mining and quarrying, paved roads, unpaved roads, and wind erosion
    in 1996, lead and lead compounds are inventoried through the hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) portion of the National Emission Inventory (NEI) every 3 years; data for 1997 forward
    are currently not available.
    . . . = Not available.
    2Beginning

    SECTION

    POPULATION

    14

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 2

    POPULATION
    Highlights

    Ten Fastest-Growing States, 20022003


    (percent change)

    ID
    5.6
    NV
    12.2
    CA
    4.8

    UT
    5.3

    CO
    5.8
    NC
    4.5

    AZ
    8.8

    GA
    6.1
    TX
    6.1

    The Census of the United States was authorized by


    an Act of Congress, dated March 1, 1790, providing for
    the enumeration of the United States. The first census
    cost $44,377 and utilized the services of 17 marshals and
    650 assistants. It counted a population of 3,939,326 in 16
    states and the Ohio Territory. Virginia was the most
    populous state with 746,610 inhabitants, and Rhode
    Island the least with 68,825 inhabitants. New York City
    had a population of 33,131, Philadelphia 28,522, and
    Boston 18,320.

    FL
    6.5

    Between 1790 and 2000, the U.S. Center of


    Population moved from Maryland to Missouri.
    Year

    North
    West
    Approximate Location
    Latitude Latitude

    1790
    1850
    1900
    1950
    1960
    1970
    1980
    1990
    2000

    39 16 30
    38 59 00
    38 09 36
    38 50 21
    38 35 58
    38 27 47
    38 08 13
    37 52 20
    37 41 49

    76 11 12
    81 19 00
    85 48 54
    89 09 33
    89 15 35
    89 42 22
    90 34 26
    91 12 55
    91 48 34

    21 miles east of Baltimore, MD


    23 miles SE of Parkersburg, WV
    6 miles SE of Columbus, IN
    8 miles NNW of Olney, IL
    6.5 miles NW of Centralia, IL
    5.3 miles SSE of Mescoutah, I
    .25 miles west of De Soto, MO
    10 miles SE of Steelville, MO
    3 miles E of Edgar Springs, MO

    SECTION 2: POPULATION

    Until 1830, people who were deaf, mute, and blind


    were excluded from the census.

    The fifth census in 1830 was the first in which the


    population of the United States exceeded 10 million;
    the first census in which the count exceeded 100 million
    was that of 1920; and the first in which the count
    exceeded 200 million was that of 1970.

    The 1890 census was the first to utilize enumerating machines.

    The first states to exceed one million in population


    were New York, Virginia, and Pennsylvania in 1820. The
    first state to exceed five million in population was New
    York in 1880. New York was also the first state to
    exceed 10 million, in 1920. California became the first
    state to exceed 20 million, in 1980, and 30 million, in
    2000.

    New York City was the first city to exceed one million in population (exceeding Brooklyn, which was then
    an independent city) in 1880. In 2000, nine cities
    exceeded one million in population

    Census counts are subject to a margin of error,


    which has been measured since 1940. Estimated
    between 1.2 percent and 5.4 percent, the errors generally result from an undercount of certain segments of
    population.

    Data on urban population were first published in


    1870. Urban centers were defined as locations with a
    population of 8,000 or more. In 1880 and 1890, that figure was reduced to 4,000, and in 1900, to 2,500. This definition, with minor modifications, was accepted in later
    censuses up to and including 1940. In 1950, the Census
    Bureau adopted the concept of the urbanized area and
    delineated boundaries for unincorporated places. The
    urban population was defined as all persons living in
    urbanized areas and, outside these areas, in all places
    incorporated or unincorporated, which had 2,500 inhabitants or more. This definition has remained substantially unchanged in subsequent censuses. Minor modifications of this definition are employed in some states. For
    the 2000 Census, a population density threshold was
    added.

    10
    Rural population is subdivided into two categories: rural farm and rural nonfarm. The definition of
    rural farm is based on the size of the farm and the cash
    value of the farm produce.

    15

    11
    The first attempt to define metropolitan population was made in the 1910 census. Metropolitan districts
    were defined for cities of 200,000 or more. Each metropolitan district included contiguous minor civil divisions
    that met certain rules of proximity and population density. In 1950, metropolitan districts were replaced by
    Standard Metropolitan Areas (SMAs), and the name
    and definitions were revised each decade through the
    twentieth century. Metropolitan Areas were defined in
    terms of entire counties, except in New England where
    the definitions were in terms of cities or towns. In general, an urbanized area is defined as a city (or twin
    cities) of 50,000 or more and the surrounding closely
    settled areas. From time to time, new metropolitan
    areas were created and boundaries of others changed.
    As a result, data over time may not be comparable. In
    2003, a new set of standards was developed to define
    Core Based Statistical Areas, which include
    Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Micropolitan
    Statistical Areas, smaller areas including cities with
    cohesive groups of counties. The new system is defined
    in terms of entire counties, even in the New England
    states.

    12
    The classification by race in censuses reflects
    common usage rather than strict biological stock. The
    data are obtained primarily through self-classification.
    The standard racial categories are White, Black, Native
    American, Asian and Pacific Islander, and Hispanic
    (who may be Black or White). The 1990 census was the
    first to include an other race category that provided
    for a write-in entry. The census of 1860 was the first in
    which Native Americans were distinguished from other
    ethnic groups; however, it excluded those Native
    Americans living on reservations. The 2000 census was
    the first that permitted individuals to specify more than
    one race, resulting in specific data for multi-racial persons.

    13
    Americans resident outside the United States
    numbered 6.269 million in 1990. The countries with the
    largest number of resident U.S. civilians were Mexico
    (495,000), Canada (278,000), the United Kingdom
    (213,000), France (126,000), Israel (124,000), Germany
    (107,000), the Philippines (109,000), Italy (102,000), the
    Dominican Republic (87,000), and Australia (65,000).

    14
    The population of the United States doubled
    five times between the first decennial census of 1790
    and the seventeenth census in 1950. The first three doublings took 25 years each through 1865. The fourth
    required 35 years from 1865 to 1900. The fifth doubling
    took half a century, to 1950. A sixth doubling is projected to occur by about 2010, 60 years since the last doubling.

    16

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    15
    Between 1790 and 1860, the annual increase of
    population exceeded 3 percent, with the highest being
    3.6 percent from 1800 to 1810, and again in the 1840s
    and the 1850s. In the remaining four decades of the
    nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth
    century, the rate of growth ranged from 2.7 percent to
    2.1 percent. The growth rate slumped to 1.5 percent
    between 1910 and 1920, rose to 1.6 percent in the following decade, and then plummeted to 0.7 percent during the Depression in the 1930s. It rebounded to 1.9
    percent in the 1950s (known as the Baby Boom) and
    was followed by a rate of 1.3 percent in the 1960s as the
    Boom ended. In the 1970s (the Baby Bust), the growth
    rate fell to 1.1 percent and remained at 1.0 percent
    through the 1980s. During the 1990s, the growth rate
    jumped back to 1.3 percent, but the first few years of
    the twenty-first century have seen a return to a slower
    growth of 1.1 percent.

    16
    The highest decennial jump in population was
    36.4 percent reported in the third census in 1810, followed by 35.9 percent in 1850, 35.6 percent in 1860, and
    35.1 percent in 1800. The lowest was 7.3 percent reported in 1940, followed by 9.8 percent in 1990, and 11.4
    percent in 1980.

    17
    The United States had more males than females
    until the end of World War II in 1945. Since then the sex
    ratio has been in favor of females. However, more male
    children are born so that males are in the majority until
    age 34.

    18
    Urbanized areas and urban clusters (two definitions of urban areas) accounted for 79 percent of the
    population and 77.6 percent of the housing units, but
    only 2.6 percent of the land area in 2000. The West had
    the most urban population with 88.6 percent of its population living in urban areas, followed by the Northeast
    (84.4 percent), the Midwest (74.7 percent), and the
    South (72.8 percent). The most urban states were
    California and New Jersey, with 94.4 percent, Nevada
    (91.5 percent), Hawaii (91.5 percent) Massachusetts
    (91.4 percent), Rhode Island (90.0 percent), Florida
    (89.3 percent), Utah (88.2 percent), Arizona (88.2 percent), and Illinois (87.8 percent). The least urban state
    was Vermont with 38.2 percent, followed by Maine (40.2
    percent), and West Virginia (46.1 percent).

    19
    In 1790, the percentage of the urban population
    was 5.4 percent. In 2000, it was 79 percent.
    20
    In 2002, 151.8 million people (53 percent of the
    U.S. population) lived in coastal counties, a loss of 1
    percent compared with 1970. Twenty-three percent lived
    on the Atlantic coast, 6 percent on the Gulf of Mexico,

    10 percent on the Great Lakes, and 14 percent on the


    Pacific Coast.

    21
    In the first census in 1790, the density of population was only 4.5 per square mile of land area. It
    reached 10.6 in 1860, 17.8 in 1890, 26 in 1910, 34.7 in
    1930, 42.6 in 1950, 64 in 1980, 70.3 in 1990, and 79.6 in
    2000. The state with the greatest density of population
    was New Jersey with 1,134.4, followed by Rhode Island
    with 1,003.2. The state with the least density of population was Alaska with 1.1.

    22
    Blacks or African Americans alone comprised
    12.3 percent of the population in 2000, compared with
    15.7 percent in 1850. Nearly 55 percent of Blacks lived
    in the South, 18.8 percent in the Midwest, 17.6 percent
    in the Northeast, and 8.9 percent in the West.

    23
    Hispanics and Asians have a net growth at a
    rate of 3.6 and 3.4 percent respectively, compared with
    0.7 percent for Whites and 1.3 percent for Blacks.

    24
    Nevada has the fastest growing population, with
    a phenomenal growth rate of 8.8 percent from 2000 to
    2002. Western states generally experienced greater population growths led by Arizona (6.4 percent), Colorado
    (4.8 percent), Utah (3.7 percent), Idaho (3.6 percent),
    and Washington (3.0 percent). Only two states lost population during this periodNorth Dakota by 1.3 percent and West Virginia by 0.4 percent. California, which
    ranked first in population in 1980, retained its rank in
    2002, Texas was ranked second and New York third.

    25
    From 2000 to 2002, New York lost 372,929 of its
    residents through internal migration, California lost
    167,775, and Illinois 166,301. The greatest gains through
    internal migration were registered in Florida (356,408),
    Arizona (137,342), and Georgia (104,861).

    26
    The growth rate for Whites from 2000 to 2002
    was 0.6 percent compared with 1.3 percent for Blacks,
    1.4 percent for Native Americans, 3.5 percent for
    Asians, and 2.9 percent for Hispanics.

    27
    From 2000 to 2001, 14 percent of the population
    was mobile. This means that people moved from their
    original house to a different house. Of these, 6 percent
    moved to a different county, and 3 percent moved to a
    different state. Poorer people tend to move more often
    than wealthier people. Twenty-one percent of those with
    a household income of less than $5,000 moved, as compared with 10 percent of those with an income of more
    than $75,000.

    SECTION 2: POPULATION

    17

    28
    Significant disparities exist in the regional distribution of races. While Whites are distributed fairly

    33
    In 2000, five tribes accounted for 36.9 percent of
    the 4.119 million American Indian and Alaska Natives

    equally over the four main regions (Northeast, Midwest,


    South, and West), 54.8 percent of Blacks are concentrated in the South and only 9.1 percent in the West. Nearly
    47.6 percent of Native Americans are found in the West
    and only 6.4 percent in the Northeast. Asians and
    Hispanics also are more numerous in the West, with
    55.7 percent and 45.2 percent, respectively. One-third of
    all Hispanics live in California and another one-sixth in
    Texas. New York has the largest Black or African
    American population (3.409 million), followed by Texas
    (2.528 million), Florida (2.634 million), Georgia (2.463
    million), and California (2.436 million).

    alone or in combination: Cherokee (17.7 percent),


    Navajo (7.2 percent), Latin American Indian (4.4 percent), Choctaw (3.9 percent), and Sioux (3.7 percent).
    Of American Indians and Alaska Natives alone, 25.7
    percent live below the poverty level.

    29
    The number of senior citizens in the United
    States is projected to grow from 36.696 million in 2005
    to 40.244 million in 2010. Those from 45 to 64 years of
    age will grow in number from 72.8 million to 81 million,
    while those from 18 to 44 years of age will increase
    slightly from 112 million to 113 million during the same
    period. In 2002, there were 4.593 million senior citizens
    over the age of 85.

    30
    In 2000, there were 258 Metropolitan Statistical
    Areas (MSAs) and 18 Consolidated Metropolitan
    Statistical Areas (CMSAs), inhabited by 80.3 percent of
    the population. New Jersey was the only state considered 100 percent metropolitan. Other states with a
    more than 90 percent metropolitan population included
    California (96.7 percent), Massachusetts (96.1 percent),
    Connecticut (95.6 percent), Rhode Island (94.1 percent), Florida (92.8 percent), Maryland (92.7 percent),
    and New York (92.1 percent). Vermont and Wyoming
    are the most rural states with 72.2 percent and 70.0 percent of their population respectively in non metropolitan areas.

    31
    In 2002, there were 19,448 incorporated places
    in the United States, of which 9 have more than a million inhabitants and 16,706 fewer than 10,000.
    Incorporated places with populations under 25,000 represent a smaller proportion (28.9 percent) of the U.S.
    population than in 1980 (34.1 percent). Places with populations between 25,000 and 249,999 now account for
    42.7 percent, up from 37.2 percent in 1980.

    34
    The percentage of foreign-born population
    increased from 6.9 percent in 1950 to 11.1 percent in
    2000. Mexicans account for almost one-third percent of
    the foreign-born.

    35
    Foreign-language speakers have been increasing
    in number in the United States since 1950: 28.1 million
    people speak Spanish; 1.6 million speak French; 1.4 million speak German; 1.0 million speak Italian; and 2.0
    million speak Chinese.

    36
    Of Americans of European ancestry, those of
    German descent are the most numerousan estimated
    42.9 millionfollowed by English (24.5 million), Italian
    (15.7 million), Polish (9.0 million), French (8.3 million),
    and Scottish (4.9 million).

    37
    Marriage remains the norm, but the percentage
    of married couples in the population declined from 65.5
    percent in 1980 to 58.9 percent in 2002. The divorced
    segment of the population increased to 10.0 percent in
    2002 from 6.2 percent in 1980.

    38
    Interracial marriages have become more common since 1980. Black/White marriages doubled by
    2002 to 395,000, while White/Other Race marriages
    increased from 450,000 to 1,222,000.

    39
    The average size of the American family
    declined from 3.14 members in 1970 to 2.58 in 2002. Of
    the total number of 74.3 million family households, 13.1
    million are headed by females. Non family households
    have become more common since the 1960s. Of the 35
    million non family households, 19.4 million are headed
    by females.

    32
    Of the 68 places with populations of 250,000 or
    more, Raleigh, NC grew the most at 11.2 percent from

    40
    In 2002, 73.3 percent of White family households have two parents, compared with 38.4 percent of

    2000 to 2002. Stockton, CA (7.8) and Riverside, CA


    (7.5) were also among the places with the highest percent change.

    Black family households. Fifty-four percent of Black


    family households are run by single mothers and 6.9
    percent by single fathers.

    18

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 2-1Series A 1-5. Area and Population of the United States, 17902000
    (Square miles, number, and percent.)
    Resident population
    Year

    Land area
    (square miles)

    Increase from preceding census


    Number
    Number

    Per square mile of land


    area

    Percent 1

    2000 (Apr. 1) 2 ..................................................


    1990 (Apr. 1) 2 ..................................................
    1980 (Apr. 1) 2 ..................................................
    1970 (Apr. 1) 2 ..................................................
    1960 (Apr. 1) * ..................................................
    1960 (Apr. 1) 3 ..................................................
    1950 (Apr. 1) ....................................................
    1940 (Apr. 1) ....................................................
    1930 (Apr. 1) ....................................................
    1920 (Jan. 1) ....................................................
    1910 (Apr. 15) ..................................................

    3 537 439
    3 536 278
    3 539 289
    3 536 855
    3 540 911
    2 968 054
    2 974 726
    2 977 128
    2 977 128
    2 969 451
    2 969 565

    281 422 509


    248 718 302
    226 542 199
    203 302 031
    179 323 175
    178 464 236
    150 697 361
    131 669 275
    122 775 046
    105 710 620
    91 972 266

    32 704 207
    22 176 103
    23 240 168
    23 978 856
    28 625 814
    27 766 875
    19 028 086
    8 894 229
    17 064 426
    13 738 354
    15 977 691

    13.1
    9.8
    11.4
    13.4
    19.0
    18.4
    14.5
    7.2
    16.1
    14.9
    21.0

    79.6
    70.3
    64.0
    57.5
    50.6
    60.1
    50.7
    44.2
    41.2
    35.6
    31.0

    1900 (June 1) ...................................................


    1890 (June1) ....................................................
    1880 (June 1) ...................................................
    1870 (June 1) ...................................................
    1860 (June 1) ...................................................
    1850 (June 1) ...................................................
    1840 (June 1) ...................................................
    1830 (June 1) ...................................................
    1820 (Aug. 17) .................................................
    1810 (Aug. 6) ...................................................

    2 969 834
    2 969 640
    2 969 640
    2 969 640
    2 969 640
    2 940 042
    1 749 462
    1 749 462
    1 749 462
    1 681 828

    75 994 575
    62 947 714
    50 155 783
    439 818 449
    31 443 321
    23 191 876
    17 069 453
    12 866 020
    9 638 453
    7 239 881

    13 046 861
    12 791 931
    10 337 334
    8 375 128
    8 251 445
    6 122 423
    4 203 433
    3 227 567
    2 398 572
    1 931 398

    20.7
    25.5
    26.0
    26.6
    35.6
    35.9
    32.7
    33.5
    33.1
    36.4

    25.6
    21.2
    16.9
    13.4
    10.6
    7.9
    9.8
    7.4
    5.5
    4.3

    1800 (Aug. 4) ...................................................


    1790 (Aug. 2) ...................................................

    864 746
    864 746

    5 308 483
    3 929 214

    1 379 269
    ...

    35.1
    ...

    6.1
    4.5

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau.


    11970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 census counts reflect corrections made since original publication
    2Based on interval since preceding census which is not always exactly 10 years.
    3Conterminous United States (excludes Alaska and Hawaii).
    4Revised to include adjustment of 1,260,078 for under enumeration in the southern states. Unrevised

    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.


    . . . = Not available.

    census count is 38,558,371.

    SECTION 2: POPULATION

    19

    Table 2-2Series A 6-8. Annual Population Estimates for the United States, 17902003
    (Number in thousands.)
    Year

    Total including Armed Forces overseas

    Total resident population

    Civilian resident population

    2003 .................................................................
    2002 .................................................................
    2001 .................................................................

    291 049
    288 205
    285 321

    290 810
    287 973
    285 094

    289 558
    286 728
    283 879

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    282 388
    279 295
    276 115
    272 912
    269 667
    266 557
    263 436
    260 255
    256 894
    253 493

    282 178
    279 040
    275 854
    272 647
    269 394
    266 278
    263 126
    259 919
    256 514
    252 981

    280 954
    277 841
    274 633
    271 394
    268 108
    264 927
    261 714
    258 446
    254 929
    251 370

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    250 132
    247 342
    245 021
    242 804
    240 651
    238 466
    236 348
    234 307
    232 188
    229 966

    249 623
    246 819
    244 499
    242 289
    240 133
    237 924
    235 825
    233 792
    231 664
    229 466

    247 983
    245 131
    242 817
    240 550
    238 412
    236 219
    234 110
    232 097
    229 995
    227 818

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    227 726
    225 055
    222 585
    220 239
    218 035
    215 973
    213 854
    211 909
    209 896
    207 661

    227 225
    224 567
    222 095
    219 760
    217 563
    215 465
    213 342
    211 357
    209 284
    206 827

    225 621
    222 969
    220 467
    218 106
    215 894
    213 789
    211 636
    209 600
    207 511
    204 866

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    204 879
    202 677
    200 706
    198 712
    196 560
    194 303
    191 889
    189 242
    186 538
    183 691

    203 810
    201 385
    199 399
    197 457
    195 576
    193 526
    191 141
    188 483
    185 771
    182 992

    201 722
    199 145
    197 113
    195 264
    193 420
    191 605
    189 141
    186 493
    183 677
    181 143

    1960 .................................................................
    1959* ................................................................
    1959 .................................................................
    1958 .................................................................
    1957 .................................................................
    1956 .................................................................
    1955 .................................................................
    1954 .................................................................
    1953 .................................................................
    1952 .................................................................
    1951 .................................................................

    180 671
    177 830
    177 073
    174 141
    171 274
    168 221
    165 275
    162 391
    159 565
    156 954
    154 287

    179 979
    177 135
    176 289
    173 320
    170 371
    167 306
    164 308
    161 164
    158 242
    155 687
    153 310

    178 140
    175 277
    174 521
    171 485
    168 400
    165 373
    162 311
    159 059
    155 975
    153 292
    151 009

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    151 684
    149 188
    146 631
    144 126
    141 389
    139 928
    138 397
    136 739
    134 860
    133 402

    151 235
    148 665
    146 093
    143 446
    140 054
    132 481
    132 885
    134 245
    133 920
    133 121

    150 203
    147 578
    145 168
    142 566
    138 385
    127 573
    126 708
    127 499
    130 942
    131 595

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    132 122
    130 880
    129 825
    128 825
    128 053
    127 250
    126 374
    125 579
    124 840
    124 040

    131 954
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    131 658
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    123 077
    121 767
    120 509
    119 035
    117 397
    115 829
    114 109
    111 947
    110 049
    108 538

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.


    . . . = Not available.

    20

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 2-2Series A 6-8. Annual Population Estimates for the United States, 17902003Continued
    (Number in thousands.)
    Year

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    Total including Armed Forces overseas

    Total resident population

    Civilian resident population

    106 461
    514
    208
    268
    101 961
    100 546
    99 111
    97 225
    95 335
    93 863

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    92 407
    90 490
    88 710
    87 008
    85 450
    83 822
    82 166
    80 632
    79 163
    77 584

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    76 094
    74 799
    73 493
    72 189
    70 885
    69 580
    68 275
    66 970
    65 666
    64 361

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1890
    1889
    1888
    1887
    1886
    1885
    1884
    1883
    1882
    1881

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    63 056
    61 775
    60 496
    59 217
    57 938
    56 658
    55 379
    54 100
    52 821
    51 542

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1880
    1879
    1878
    1877
    1876
    1875
    1874
    1873
    1872
    1871

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    50 262
    49 208
    48 174
    47 141
    46 107
    45 073
    44 040
    43 006
    41 972
    40 938

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1870
    1869
    1868
    1867
    1866
    1865
    1864
    1863
    1862
    1861

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    39 905
    39 051
    38 213
    37 376
    36 538
    35 701
    34 863
    34 026
    33 188
    32 351

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1860
    1859
    1858
    1857
    1856
    1855
    1854
    1853
    1852
    1851

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    31 513
    30 687
    29 862
    29 037
    28 212
    27 386
    26 561
    25 736
    24 911
    24 086

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1850
    1849
    1848
    1847
    1846
    1845
    1844
    1843
    1842
    1841

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    23 261
    22 631
    22 018
    21 406
    20 794
    20 182
    19 569
    18 957
    18 345
    17 733

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1Total

    1104
    1103
    1103

    population, including Armed Forces overseas (in thousands): 1917 = 103,414; 1918 = 104,550; 1919 = 105,063; civilian population (in thousands): 1917 = 102,796; 1918 = 101,488;
    1919 = 104,158.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 2: POPULATION

    21

    Table 2-2Series A 6-8. Annual Population Estimates for the United States, 17902003Continued
    (Number in thousands.)
    Year

    Total including Armed Forces overseas

    Total resident population

    Civilian resident population

    1840
    1839
    1838
    1837
    1836
    1835
    1834
    1833
    1832
    1831

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    17 120
    16 684
    16 264
    15 843
    15 423
    15 003
    14 582
    14 162
    13 742
    13 321

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1830
    1829
    1828
    1827
    1826
    1825
    1824
    1823
    1822
    1821

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    12 901
    12 565
    12 237
    11 909
    11 580
    11 252
    10 924
    10 596
    10 268
    9 939

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1820
    1819
    1818
    1817
    1816
    1815
    1814
    1813
    1812
    1811

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    9 618
    9 379
    9 139
    8 899
    8 659
    8 419
    8 179
    7 939
    7 700
    7 460

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1810
    1809
    1808
    1807
    1806
    1805
    1804
    1803
    1802
    1801

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    7 224
    7 031
    6 838
    6 644
    6 451
    6 258
    6 065
    5 872
    5 679
    5 486

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1800
    1799
    1798
    1797
    1796
    1795
    1794
    1793
    1792
    1791

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    5 297
    5 159
    5 021
    4 883
    4 745
    4 607
    4 469
    4 332
    4 194
    4 056

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1790 .................................................................

    3 929

    ...

    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau.


    . . . = Not available.

    22

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 2-3Series A 23-25. Annual Estimates and Projections of the Population, by Sex, 19002050
    (Number in thousands. As of July 1. 19001939, resident population; 19402002, total population, including Armed Forces overseas.)
    Sex
    Year

    Total
    Male

    Female

    Projections
    2050 .................................................................
    2040 .................................................................
    2030 .................................................................
    2020 .................................................................
    2010 .................................................................

    419 854
    391 946
    363 584
    335 805
    308 936

    206 477
    192 405
    178 563
    165 093
    151 815

    213 377
    199 540
    185 022
    170 711
    157 121

    Estimates
    2002 .................................................................
    2001 .................................................................

    288 600
    285 545

    141 856
    140 268

    146 744
    145 277

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    282 434
    279 295
    276 115
    272 912
    269 667
    266 557
    263 436
    260 255
    256 894
    253 492

    138 647
    137 022
    135 355
    133 703
    132 046
    130 459
    128 869
    127 266
    125 580
    123 869

    143 787
    142 273
    140 760
    139 209
    137 621
    136 098
    134 566
    132 990
    131 314
    129 624

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    250 132
    247 342
    245 021
    242 804
    240 651
    238 466
    236 348
    234 307
    232 188
    229 966

    122 162
    120 739
    119 550
    118 416
    117 324
    116 217
    115 142
    114 113
    113 052
    111 956

    127 970
    126 603
    125 472
    124 388
    123 327
    122 249
    121 206
    120 195
    119 135
    118 010

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    227 726
    225 055
    222 585
    220 239
    218 035
    215 973
    213 854
    211 909
    209 896
    207 661

    110 859
    109 584
    108 424
    107 335
    106 309
    105 366
    104 391
    103 506
    102 591
    101 567

    116 867
    115 472
    114 161
    112 905
    111 727
    110 607
    109 463
    108 402
    107 305
    106 094

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    205 052
    202 677
    200 706
    198 712
    196 560
    194 303
    191 889
    189 242
    186 538
    183 691

    100 354
    99 287
    98 426
    97 564
    96 620
    95 609
    94 518
    93 303
    92 066
    90 740

    104 698
    103 390
    102 280
    101 148
    99 941
    98 694
    97 371
    95 939
    94 472
    92 952

    1960 .................................................................
    1959* ................................................................
    1959 .................................................................
    1958 .................................................................
    1957 .................................................................
    1956 .................................................................
    1955 .................................................................
    1954 .................................................................
    1953 .................................................................
    1952 .................................................................
    1951 .................................................................

    180 671
    177 830
    177 073
    174 141
    171 274
    168 221
    165 275
    162 391
    159 565
    156 954
    154 287

    89 320
    87 995
    87 621
    86 236
    84 892
    83 434
    82 030
    80 647
    79 295
    78 061
    76 792

    91 352
    89 834
    89 453
    87 905
    86 382
    84 786
    83 246
    81 744
    80 270
    78 893
    77 496

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    151 684
    149 188
    146 631
    144 126
    141 389
    139 928
    138 397
    136 739
    134 860
    133 402

    75 539
    74 335
    73 130
    71 946
    70 631
    70 035
    69 378
    68 546
    67 597
    66 920

    76 146
    74 853
    73 502
    72 180
    70 757
    69 893
    69 020
    68 194
    67 263
    66 482

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    SECTION 2: POPULATION

    23

    Table 2-3Series A 23-25. Annual Estimates and Projections of the Population, by Sex, 19002050
    Continued
    (Number in thousands. As of July 1. 19001939, resident population; 19402002, total population, including Armed Forces overseas.)
    Sex
    Year

    Total
    Male

    Female

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    132 122
    130 880
    129 825
    128 825
    128 053
    127 250
    126 374
    125 579
    124 840
    124 040

    66 352
    65 713
    65 235
    64 790
    64 460
    64 110
    63 726
    63 384
    63 070
    62 726

    65 770
    65 166
    64 590
    64 035
    63 594
    63 140
    62 648
    62 195
    61 770
    61 314

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    123 077
    121 767
    120 509
    119 035
    117 397
    115 829
    1114 109
    1111 947
    1110 049
    108 538

    62 297
    61 680
    61 101
    60 397
    59 588
    58 813
    257 985
    256 861
    255 886
    55 292

    60 780
    60 087
    59 408
    58 638
    57 809
    57 016
    56 124
    55 086
    54 163
    53 246

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    106 461
    104 514
    103 208
    103 268
    101 961
    100 546
    99 111
    97 225
    95 335
    93 863

    54 291
    53 103
    51 974
    52 788
    52 234
    51 573
    50 883
    49 957
    49 025
    48 290

    52 170
    51 411
    51 234
    50 480
    49 727
    48 973
    48 228
    47 268
    46 310
    45 573

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    92 407
    90 490
    88 710
    87 008
    85 450
    83 822
    82 166
    80 632
    79 163
    77 584

    47 554
    46 545
    45 594
    44 682
    43 841
    42 965
    42 089
    41 262
    40 483
    39 649

    44 853
    43 945
    43 116
    42 326
    41 609
    40 857
    40 077
    39 370
    38 680
    37 935

    1900 .................................................................

    76 094

    38 867

    37 227

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau.


    1Estimates
    2Estimates

    including Armed Forces overseas, in thousands: 1917 = 103,414; 1918 = 104,550; 1919 = 105,063.
    including Armed Forces overseas, in thousands: 1917 = 52,934; 1918 = 53,316; 1919 = 53,658.

    24

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 2-4Series A 29-37. Annual Estimates and Projections of the Population, by Age, 19002050
    (Number in thousands. As of July 1. 19001939, resident population; 19402002, total population, including Armed Forces overseas.)
    1524 years

    2534 years

    3544 years

    4554 years

    5564 years

    65 years and
    over

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    86 705 000
    80 049 000
    71 453 000
    54 632 000
    40 243 000

    19 609 147
    19 363 555

    41 037 286
    41 118 564

    40 682 017
    40 072 966

    40 011 623
    39 897 632

    44 966 018
    45 188 663

    40 090 235
    39 234 294

    26 601 968
    25 316 092

    35 601 911
    35 353 266

    282 434 382


    279 294 713
    276 115 288
    272 911 760
    269 667 391
    266 557 091
    263 435 673
    260 255 352
    256 894 189
    253 492 503

    19 212 382
    19 135 544
    19 144 923
    19 232 671
    19 408 272
    19 626 505
    19 776 862
    19 729 275
    19 528 041
    19 208 046

    41 076 678
    40 819 824
    40 335 509
    39 854 729
    39 295 639
    38 645 220
    38 025 965
    37 367 359
    36 676 867
    36 037 085

    39 433 066
    38 770 905
    38 103 329
    37 403 286
    36 897 544
    36 776 907
    36 649 961
    36 591 319
    36 578 817
    36 717 342

    39 937 925
    40 278 512
    40 861 616
    41 454 232
    41 922 421
    42 167 847
    42 456 594
    42 791 562
    43 155 535
    43 431 090

    45 200 232
    45 129 860
    44 801 737
    44 282 377
    43 604 756
    42 765 129
    41 877 423
    40 974 857
    40 045 547
    39 413 148

    38 057 687
    36 584 022
    35 237 881
    34 183 418
    32 805 569
    31 486 001
    30 158 761
    28 870 496
    27 555 069
    25 828 059

    24 436 064
    23 778 205
    23 011 134
    22 099 486
    21 590 141
    21 320 178
    21 159 304
    21 028 673
    20 998 319
    21 046 109

    35 080 348
    34 797 841
    34 619 159
    34 401 561
    34 143 049
    33 769 304
    33 330 803
    32 901 811
    32 355 994
    31 811 624

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    250 131 894


    247 341 697
    245 021 414
    242 803 533
    240 650 755
    238 466 283
    236 348 292
    234 307 207
    232 187 835
    229 966 237

    18 856 447
    18 508 058
    18 195 420
    18 052 205
    17 962 501
    17 841 621
    17 694 905
    17 546 883
    17 227 829
    16 892 719

    35 289 633
    34 713 629
    34 255 539
    33 807 104
    33 572 632
    33 692 290
    33 788 200
    33 921 777
    34 102 523
    34 360 528

    37 131 327
    37 613 503
    38 380 551
    39 125 882
    39 797 597
    40 241 164
    40 705 554
    41 270 714
    41 915 663
    42 464 817

    43 425 039
    43 448 348
    43 337 953
    43 039 473
    42 569 828
    41 906 305
    41 159 818
    40 396 793
    39 597 137
    39 073 237

    37 865 692
    36 494 304
    35 257 516
    34 298 910
    33 080 761
    31 766 587
    30 575 414
    29 336 099
    28 095 288
    26 454 383

    25 214 557
    24 640 816
    23 956 847
    23 102 870
    22 665 712
    22 466 729
    22 392 473
    22 362 154
    22 431 804
    22 585 741

    21 101 920
    21 241 283
    21 513 981
    21 750 923
    21 994 127
    22 135 408
    22 154 421
    22 112 114
    22 030 110
    21 914 015

    31 247 279
    30 681 756
    30 123 607
    29 626 166
    29 007 597
    28 416 179
    27 877 507
    27 360 673
    26 787 481
    26 220 797

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    227 726 463


    225 055 487
    222 584 545
    220 239 425
    218 035 164
    215 973 199
    213 853 928
    211 908 788
    209 896 021
    207 660 677

    16 451 184
    16 062 882
    15 735 004
    15 563 659
    15 617 115
    16 121 483
    16 486 729
    16 850 846
    17 101 353
    17 243 968

    34 838 688
    35 391 774
    36 219 589
    37 033 667
    37 758 862
    38 240 018
    38 715 753
    39 308 434
    39 945 515
    40 490 468

    42 755 321
    42 698 483
    42 442 086
    42 039 541
    41 520 290
    40 811 662
    40 017 005
    39 240 266
    38 449 007
    37 947 543

    37 602 918
    36 202 624
    34 963 103
    33 998 226
    32 758 856
    31 471 262
    30 225 400
    28 939 077
    27 623 937
    25 958 294

    25 867 299
    25 175 999
    24 436 821
    23 562 471
    23 093 851
    22 830 830
    22 825 489
    22 810 067
    22 859 507
    22 978 047

    22 749 367
    22 942 025
    23 173 601
    23 370 355
    23 622 096
    23 756 641
    23 808 746
    23 807 018
    23 686 132
    23 518 574

    21 754 230
    21 447 956
    21 112 290
    20 779 661
    20 385 993
    20 045 008
    19 713 323
    19 428 146
    19 210 749
    18 962 323

    25 707 456
    25 133 744
    24 502 051
    23 891 845
    23 278 101
    22 696 295
    22 061 483
    21 524 934
    21 019 821
    20 561 460

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    205 052 174


    202 677 000
    200 706 000
    198 712 000
    196 560 000
    194 303 000
    191 889 000
    189 242 000
    186 538 000
    183 691 000

    17 166 191
    17 376 000
    17 913 000
    18 563 000
    19 208 000
    19 824 000
    20 165 000
    20 342 000
    20 469 000
    20 522 000

    40 772 280
    40 884 000
    40 772 000
    40 496 000
    40 051 000
    39 426 000
    38 783 000
    38 124 000
    37 435 000
    37 031 000

    36 535 203
    35 236 000
    34 090 000
    33 196 000
    32 012 000
    30 773 000
    29 519 000
    28 223 000
    26 909 000
    25 242 000

    25 323 532
    24 681 000
    23 990 000
    23 156 000
    22 725 000
    22 465 000
    22 396 000
    22 410 000
    22 494 000
    22 692 000

    23 149 652
    23 383 000
    23 731 000
    24 038 000
    24 276 000
    24 447 000
    24 562 000
    24 584 000
    24 519 000
    24 392 000

    23 316 402
    23 047 000
    22 758 000
    22 440 000
    22 125 000
    21 839 000
    21 580 000
    21 346 000
    21 124 000
    20 875 000

    18 682 185
    18 390 000
    18 088 000
    17 752 000
    17 408 000
    17 077 000
    16 758 000
    16 436 000
    16 131 000
    15 847 000

    20 106 729
    19 680 000
    19 365 000
    19 071 000
    18 755 000
    18 541 000
    18 127 000
    17 778 000
    17 457 000
    17 089 000

    1960 .................................................................
    1959* ................................................................
    1959 .................................................................
    1958 .................................................................
    1957 .................................................................
    1956 .................................................................
    1955 .................................................................
    1954 .................................................................
    1953 .................................................................
    1952 .................................................................
    1951 .................................................................

    180 671 000


    177 830 000
    177 073 000
    174 141 000
    171 274 000
    168 221 000
    165 275 000
    162 391 000
    159 565 000
    156 954 000
    154 287 000

    20 341 000
    20 175 000
    20 055 000
    19 768 000
    19 379 000
    18 895 000
    18 467 000
    17 962 000
    17 548 000
    17 228 000
    17 252 000

    35 735 000
    34 564 000
    34 390 000
    33 322 000
    32 515 000
    31 423 000
    30 248 000
    29 092 000
    27 880 000
    26 656 000
    25 055 000

    24 576 000
    23 988 000
    23 890 000
    23 162 000
    22 311 000
    21 869 000
    21 667 000
    21 641 000
    21 658 000
    21 796 000
    22 018 000

    22 919 000
    23 169 000
    23 062 000
    23 430 000
    23 737 000
    24 015 000
    24 175 000
    24 233 000
    24 233 000
    24 197 000
    24 085 000

    24 221 000
    24 023 000
    23 917 000
    23 693 000
    23 496 000
    23 160 000
    22 818 000
    22 571 000
    22 359 000
    22 109 000
    21 833 000

    20 578 000
    20 262 000
    20 189 000
    19 857 000
    19 513 000
    19 143 000
    18 824 000
    18 501 000
    18 171 000
    17 881 000
    17 623 000

    15 625 000
    15 401 000
    15 357 000
    15 139 000
    14 973 000
    14 815 000
    14 586 000
    14 350 000
    14 135 000
    13 918 000
    13 654 000

    16 675 000
    16 248 000
    16 213 000
    15 771 000
    15 353 000
    14 902 000
    14 489 000
    14 040 000
    13 582 000
    13 169 000
    12 768 000

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    151 684 000


    149 188 000
    146 631 000
    144 126 000
    141 389 000
    139 928 000
    138 397 000
    136 739 000
    134 860 000
    133 402 000

    16 331 000
    15 607 000
    14 919 000
    14 406 000
    13 244 000
    12 979 000
    12 524 000
    12 016 000
    11 301 000
    10 850 000

    24 477 000
    23 770 000
    23 089 000
    22 257 000
    21 844 000
    21 599 000
    21 573 000
    21 699 000
    21 823 000
    22 089 000

    22 260 000
    22 570 000
    22 866 000
    23 122 000
    23 382 000
    23 705 000
    23 999 000
    24 065 000
    24 093 000
    24 074 000

    23 932 000
    23 729 000
    23 494 000
    23 236 000
    22 954 000
    22 734 000
    22 511 000
    22 194 000
    21 911 000
    21 691 000

    21 557 000
    21 187 000
    20 794 000
    20 421 000
    20 073 000
    19 787 000
    19 505 000
    19 226 000
    18 950 000
    18 692 000

    17 400 000
    17 260 000
    17 107 000
    16 970 000
    16 820 000
    16 642 000
    16 419 000
    16 199 000
    15 976 000
    15 759 000

    13 364 000
    13 145 000
    12 824 000
    12 528 000
    12 244 000
    11 988 000
    11 719 000
    11 472 000
    11 220 000
    10 959 000

    12 362 000
    11 921 000
    11 538 000
    11 185 000
    10 828 000
    10 494 000
    10 147 000
    9 867 000
    9 584 000
    9 288 000

    Year

    Total

    Projections
    2050 .................................................................
    2040 .................................................................
    2030 .................................................................
    2020 .................................................................
    2010 .................................................................

    419 854 000


    391 946 000
    363 584 000
    335 805 000
    308 936 000

    28 080 000
    26 299 000
    24 272 000
    22 932 000
    21 426 000

    Estimates
    2002 .................................................................
    2001 .................................................................

    288 600 205


    285 545 032

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    Under 5 years

    514 years

    SECTION 2: POPULATION

    25

    Table 2-4Series A 29-37. Annual Estimates and Projections of the Population, by Age, 19002050
    Continued
    (Number in thousands. As of July 1. 19001939, resident population; 19402002, total population, including Armed Forces overseas.)
    Year

    Total

    Under 5 years

    514 years

    1524 years

    2534 years

    3544 years

    4554 years

    5564 years

    65 years and
    over

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    132 122 000


    130 880 000
    129 825 000
    128 825 000
    128 053 000
    127 250 000
    126 374 000
    125 579 000
    124 840 000
    124 040 000

    10 579 000
    10 148 000
    10 176 000
    10 009 000
    10 044 000
    10 170 000
    10 331 000
    10 612 000
    10 903 000
    11 179 000

    22 363 000
    22 701 000
    23 146 000
    23 564 000
    23 942 000
    24 213 000
    24 402 000
    24 531 000
    24 614 000
    24 629 000

    24 033 000
    23 819 000
    23 655 000
    23 487 000
    23 309 000
    23 130 000
    22 963 000
    22 820 000
    22 716 000
    22 617 000

    21 446 000
    21 176 000
    20 953 000
    20 723 000
    20 505 000
    20 275 000
    20 022 000
    19 750 000
    19 484 000
    19 242 000

    18 422 000
    18 178 000
    18 001 000
    17 866 000
    17 783 000
    17 712 000
    17 640 000
    17 569 000
    17 504 000
    17 412 000

    15 555 000
    15 336 000
    15 077 000
    14 785 000
    14 495 000
    14 208 000
    13 933 000
    13 684 000
    13 481 000
    13 296 000

    10 694 000
    10 487 000
    10 310 000
    10 132 000
    9 949 000
    9 739 000
    9 502 000
    9 249 000
    8 992 000
    8 735 000

    9 031 000
    8 764 000
    8 508 000
    8 258 000
    8 027 000
    7 804 000
    7 582 000
    7 363 000
    7 147 000
    6 928 000

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    123 077 000


    121 767 000
    120 509 000
    119 035 000
    117 397 000
    115 829 000
    114 109 000
    111 947 000
    110 049 000
    108 538 000

    11 372 000
    11 734 000
    11 978 000
    12 111 000
    12 189 000
    12 316 000
    12 269 000
    12 119 000
    12 031 000
    11 879 000

    24 631 000
    24 470 000
    24 320 000
    24 152 000
    23 906 000
    23 614 000
    23 358 000
    23 089 000
    22 788 000
    22 515 000

    22 487 000
    22 151 000
    21 811 000
    21 430 000
    21 037 000
    20 691 000
    20 314 000
    19 798 000
    19 402 000
    19 140 000

    19 039 000
    18 941 000
    18 953 000
    18 948 000
    18 867 000
    18 720 000
    18 557 000
    18 231 000
    17 924 000
    17 747 000

    17 270 000
    16 921 000
    16 540 000
    16 172 000
    15 847 000
    15 576 000
    15 337 000
    15 066 000
    14 823 000
    14 665 000

    13 096 000
    12 761 000
    12 430 000
    12 092 000
    11 786 000
    11 521 000
    11 278 000
    11 068 000
    10 899 000
    10 721 000

    8 477 000
    8 315 000
    8 178 000
    8 003 000
    7 805 000
    7 605 000
    7 387 000
    7 165 000
    6 951 000
    6 791 000

    6 705 000
    6 474 000
    6 299 000
    6 127 000
    5 960 000
    5 786 000
    5 609 000
    5 411 000
    5 231 000
    5 080 000

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    106 461 000


    104 514 000
    103 208 000
    103 268 000
    101 961 000
    100 546 000
    99 111 000
    97 225 000
    95 335 000
    93 863 000

    11 631 000
    11 536 000
    11 606 000
    11 527 000
    11 442 000
    11 347 000
    11 244 000
    11 082 000
    10 915 000
    10 796 000

    22 158 000
    21 849 000
    21 732 000
    21 369 000
    21 008 000
    20 660 000
    20 816 000
    19 904 000
    19 503 000
    19 214 000

    18 821 000
    18 465 000
    18 071 000
    18 836 000
    18 872 000
    18 844 000
    18 796 000
    18 649 000
    18 477 000
    18 355 000

    17 416 000
    16 912 000
    16 445 000
    16 913 000
    16 776 000
    16 580 000
    16 370 000
    16 070 000
    15 772 000
    15 530 000

    14 382 000
    14 008 000
    13 879 000
    13 647 000
    13 388 000
    13 130 000
    12 875 000
    12 562 000
    12 252 000
    12 003 000

    10 505 000
    10 402 000
    10 293 000
    10 068 000
    9 846 000
    9 613 000
    9 398 000
    9 135 000
    8 875 000
    8 657 000

    6 619 000
    6 456 000
    6 356 000
    6 194 000
    6 026 000
    5 866 000
    5 711 000
    5 542 000
    5 372 000
    5 234 000

    4 929 000
    4 886 000
    4 826 000
    4 714 000
    4 603 000
    4 501 000
    4 401 000
    4 281 000
    4 169 000
    4 074 000

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    92 407 000
    90 490 000
    88 710 000
    87 008 000
    85 450 000
    83 822 000
    82 166 000
    80 632 000
    79 163 000
    77 584 000

    10 671 000
    10 509 000
    10 364 000
    10 220 000
    10 092 000
    9 944 000
    9 791 000
    9 645 000
    9 502 000
    9 336 000

    18 950 000
    18 670 000
    18 440 000
    18 240 000
    18 067 000
    17 888 000
    17 697 000
    17 524 000
    17 360 000
    17 158 000

    18 212 000
    17 871 000
    17 526 000
    17 184 000
    16 864 000
    16 526 000
    16 178 000
    15 858 000
    15 555 000
    15 242 000

    15 274 000
    14 923 000
    14 585 000
    14 257 000
    13 952 000
    13 631 000
    13 315 000
    13 019 000
    12 737 000
    12 442 000

    11 759 000
    11 471 000
    11 202 000
    10 945 000
    10 705 000
    10 461 000
    10 211 000
    9 974 000
    9 745 000
    9 504 000

    8 454 000
    8 204 000
    7 974 000
    7 755 000
    7 554 000
    7 350 000
    7 150 000
    6 964 000
    6 788 000
    6 606 000

    5 101 000
    4 964 000
    4 840 000
    4 724 000
    4 621 000
    4 517 000
    4 410 000
    4 313 000
    4 220 000
    4 122 000

    3 986 000
    3 878 000
    3 779 000
    3 684 000
    3 595 000
    3 505 000
    3 414 000
    3 335 000
    3 256 000
    3 174 000

    1900 .................................................................

    76 094 000

    9 181 000

    16 966 000

    14 951 000

    12 161 000

    9 273 000

    6 437 000

    4 026 000

    3 099 000

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

    26

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 2-5Series A 91-104. Resident Population, by Sex, 17902000


    (Number.)
    Year

    2000 1 ...............................................................
    1990 1 ...............................................................
    1980 1 ...............................................................
    1970 1 ...............................................................
    1960* ................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    Total

    Male

    Female

    281 421 906


    248 709 873
    226 545 805
    203 211 926
    179 323 175
    178 464 236
    150 697 361
    131 669 275
    122 775 046
    105 710 620
    91 972 266

    138 053 563


    121 239 418
    110 047 513
    98 912 192
    88 331 494
    87 864 510
    74 833 239
    66 061 592
    62 137 080
    53 900 431
    47 332 277

    143 368 343


    127 470 455
    116 498 292
    10 429 973
    90 991 681
    90 599 726
    75 864 122
    65 607 683
    60 637 966
    51 810 189
    44 639 989

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    75 994 575
    62 947 714
    50 155 783
    38 558 371
    31 443 321
    23 191 876
    17 069 453
    12 866 020
    9 638 453
    7 239 881

    38 816 448
    32 237 101
    25 518 820
    19 493 565
    16 085 204
    11 837 660
    8 688 532
    6 532 489
    4 896 605
    ...

    37 178 127
    30 710 613
    24 636 963
    19 064 806
    15 358 117
    11 354 216
    8 380 921
    6 333 531
    4 741 848
    ...

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    5 308 483
    3 929 214

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau.


    1See

    Table 2-1Series A 1-5 for total numbers that reflect corrections since the original publications.
    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 2: POPULATION

    27

    Table 2-6Series A 143-151. Median Age of Population, by Race and Sex, 17902002
    (Age in years.)
    All races

    White

    Black

    Year
    Total

    Male

    Female

    Total

    Male

    Female

    Total

    Male

    Female

    2002 .................................................................
    2001 .................................................................

    35.7
    35.6

    34.4
    ...

    37.0
    ...

    37.1
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    30.5
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    35.3
    35.2
    34.9
    34.7
    34.4
    34.2
    33.9
    33.6
    33.4
    33.1

    34.0
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    32.3
    31.9

    36.5
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    34.6
    34.3

    36.6
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    34.4
    34.1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    30.0
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    28.4
    28.2

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    32.8
    32.6
    32.0
    31.7
    31.6
    31.5
    31.2
    30.9
    30.6
    30.3

    31.6
    31.6
    31.2
    30.9
    30.6
    30.3
    30.0
    29.6
    29.4
    29.1

    34.0
    33.8
    33.5
    33.3
    33.0
    32.7
    32.8
    32.2
    31.9
    31.6

    33.8
    33.6
    33.3
    33.0
    32.7
    32.4
    32.2
    31.8
    31.5
    31.2

    ...
    32.5
    32.1
    31.9
    31.5
    31.2
    31.0
    30.5
    30.2
    29.9

    ...
    34.7
    34.4
    34.2
    33.9
    33.6
    33.4
    33.1
    32.8
    32.5

    27.9
    27.7
    27.5
    27.2
    26.9
    26.6
    26.3
    25.8
    25.5
    25.2

    ...
    26.3
    26.1
    25.8
    25.5
    25.2
    24.9
    24.4
    24.1
    23.9

    ...
    29.1
    28.8
    28.5
    28.2
    27.8
    27.6
    27.2
    26.8
    26.5

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    30.0
    29.8
    29.5
    29.2
    28.9
    28.8
    28.7
    28.4
    28.2
    28.0

    28.8
    38.9
    28.6
    28.2
    ...
    27.6
    27.4
    ...
    26.8
    ...

    31.3
    31.3
    31.0
    30.6
    ...
    30.3
    29.8
    ...
    29.4
    ...

    30.9
    30.9
    30.6
    30.3
    ...
    29.6
    29.5
    ...
    29.2
    ...

    29.6
    29.7
    29.4
    29.0
    ...
    28.4
    28.2
    ...
    ...
    ...

    32.2
    32.2
    32.0
    31.6
    ...
    31.0
    30.8
    ...
    ...
    ...

    24.9
    24.6
    24.3
    24.1
    ...
    23.4
    23.2
    ...
    23.0
    ...

    23.6
    23.5
    23.2
    22.9
    ...
    22.2
    21.9
    ...
    ...
    ...

    26.2
    25.9
    25.5
    25.2
    ...
    24.6
    24.3
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1970 .................................................................
    1960* ................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    28.1
    29.5
    29.6
    30.2
    29.0
    26.5
    25.3
    24.1

    26.8
    28.7
    28.7
    29.9
    29.1
    26.7
    25.8
    24.6

    29.3
    30.3
    30.4
    30.5
    29.0
    26.2
    24.7
    23.5

    28.9
    30.3
    30.3
    30.8
    29.5
    26.9
    25.6
    24.5

    27.6
    29.4
    29.5
    30.4
    29.5
    27.1
    26.1
    24.9

    30.2
    31.1
    31.2
    31.1
    29.5
    26.6
    25.1
    23.9

    22.4
    23.5
    23.5
    26.1
    25.3
    23.5
    22.3
    20.8

    21.0
    22.3
    22.3
    25.8
    25.3
    23.7
    22.8
    21.0

    23.6
    24.5
    24.5
    26.4
    25.3
    23.3
    22.0
    20.7

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    22.9
    22.0
    20.9
    20.2
    19.4
    18.9
    17.8
    17.2
    16.7
    ...

    23.3
    22.3
    21.2
    20.2
    19.8
    19.2
    17.9
    17.2
    16.6
    ...

    22.4
    21.6
    20.7
    20.1
    19.1
    18.6
    17.8
    17.3
    16.8
    ...

    23.4
    22.5
    21.4
    20.4
    19.7
    19.2
    17.9
    17.3
    16.6
    16.0

    23.8
    22.9
    21.6
    20.6
    20.1
    19.5
    18.0
    17.2
    16.5
    15.9

    22.9
    22.1
    21.1
    20.3
    19.3
    18.8
    17.8
    17.3
    16.6
    16.1

    19.5
    18.1
    ...
    18.3
    17.5
    17.4
    17.6
    17.2
    17.2
    ...

    19.5
    17.9
    ...
    17.8
    17.5
    17.3
    17.5
    17.1
    17.1
    ...

    19.5
    18.3
    ...
    18.8
    17.5
    17.4
    17.6
    17.3
    17.4
    ...

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    16.0
    ...

    15.7
    (1)

    16.3
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau.


    1Median

    falls in the open-ended age group, 16 years and over, which includes 50.3 percent of the White male population.
    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
    . . . = Not available.

    28

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 2-7Series A 160-171. Marital Status of the Population, by Age and Sex, 18902002
    (Number.)
    Female
    Year

    Never
    married

    Married

    18 Years and Over


    2002 ............................ 106 819 000
    2001 ............................ 105 584 000

    34 229 000
    33 077 000

    2000 ............................
    1999 ............................
    1998 ............................
    1997 ............................
    1996 ............................
    1995 ............................
    1994 ............................
    1993 ............................

    103 114 000


    102 048 000
    101 123 000
    100 159 000
    98 593 000
    97 704 000
    96 768 000
    94 854 000

    1990 ............................
    1980 ............................

    Total

    Male
    Status not
    reported

    Total

    Never
    married

    Married

    Widowed

    Divorced

    Status not
    reported

    Widowed

    Divorced

    61 268 000
    61 209 000

    2 636 000
    2 540 000

    8 686 000
    8 758 000

    114 639 000


    113 451 000

    28 861 000
    28 056 000

    62 102 000
    61 889 000

    11 408 000
    11 526 000

    12 268 000
    11 980 000

    32 253 000
    31 912 000
    31 591 000
    31 315 000
    30 691 000
    30 286 000
    30 228 000
    28 775 000

    59 684 000
    59 039 000
    58 633 000
    57 923 000
    57 656 000
    57 570 000
    57 068 000
    56 833 000

    2 604 000
    2 542 000
    2 569 000
    2 690 000
    2 478 000
    2 284 000
    2 222 000
    2 468 000

    8 572 000
    8 556 000
    8 331 000
    8 231 000
    7 768 000
    7 383 000
    7 250 000
    6 778 000

    110 660 000


    109 628 000
    108 168 000
    107 076 000
    106 031 000
    105 028 000
    104 032 000
    102 400 000

    27 763 000
    27 520 000
    26 713 000
    26 073 000
    25 528 000
    24 693 000
    24 645 000
    23 534 000

    60 527 000
    60 001 000
    59 333 000
    58 829 000
    58 905 000
    58 984 000
    58 185 000
    57 768 000

    11 061 000
    10 944 000
    11 029 000
    11 058 000
    11 078 000
    11 082 000
    11 073 000
    11 214 000

    11 309 000
    11 162 000
    11 093 000
    11 116 000
    10 521 000
    10 270 000
    10 129 000
    9 883 000

    91 955 000
    81 947 000

    27 505 000
    24 227 000

    55 833 000
    51 813 000

    2 333 000
    1 977 000

    6 283 000
    3 930 000

    99 838 000
    89 914 000

    22 718 000
    20 226 000

    56 797 000
    52 965 000

    11 477 000
    10 758 000

    8 845 000
    5 966 000

    1970
    14 years and over .......
    14 years ..................
    1519 years ............
    1517 years ........
    18 and 19 years ..
    2024 years ............
    2529 years ............
    3034 years ............
    3544 years ............
    4554 years ............
    5564 years ............
    65 years and over ...

    71 485 878
    2 136 818
    9 718 189
    6 071 485
    3 646 704
    7 761 209
    6 569 924
    5 607 593
    11 261 731
    11 138 181
    8 858 893
    8 433 330

    20 426 937
    2 111 778
    9 315 441
    5 986 895
    3 328 546
    4 207 592
    1 288 594
    601 868
    884 372
    711 099
    574 425
    631 768

    47 001 412
    20 768
    381 500
    74 740
    306 760
    3 329 772
    5 066 314
    4 803 203
    9 895 931
    9 813 513
    7 587 085
    6 103 326

    2 130 932
    2 451
    8 529
    5 057
    3 472
    12 878
    19 196
    19 574
    75 546
    186 144
    364 665
    1 441 949

    1 926 597
    1 821
    12 719
    4 793
    7 926
    110 967
    195 830
    182 948
    405 882
    427 425
    332 718
    256 287

    77 910 094
    2 049 056
    9 485 229
    5 825 133
    3 660 096
    8 354 509
    6 810 076
    5 868 858
    11 860 315
    11 996 408
    9 827 148
    11 658 495

    17 624 105
    2 019 680
    8 358 248
    5 553 582
    2 804 666
    3 030 876
    827 906
    435 897
    672 255
    662 506
    669 051
    947 686

    47 666 431
    22 010
    1 073 147
    250 529
    822 618
    5 054 321
    5 616 300
    5 055 678
    10 187 753
    9 728 095
    6 677 855
    4 251 272

    9 615 280
    5 421
    23 038
    12 382
    10 656
    56 508
    71 530
    86 494
    353 760
    942 796
    1 988 096
    6 087 637

    3 004 278
    1 945
    30 796
    8 640
    22 156
    212 804
    294 340
    290 789
    646 547
    663 011
    492 146
    371 900

    1960*
    14 years and over .......
    14 years ..................
    1519 years ............
    1517 years ........
    18 and 19 years ..
    2024 years ............
    2529 years ............
    3034 years ............
    3544 years ............
    4554 years ............
    5564 years ............
    65 years and over ...

    61 315 358
    1 402 724
    6 698 837
    4 341 635
    2 357 202
    5 283 228
    5 333 282
    5 840 287
    11 739 191
    10 139 671
    7 569 153
    7 308 985

    15 313 822
    1 394 426
    6 437 186
    4 290 310
    2 146 876
    2 807 784
    1 111 768
    694 924
    948 784
    749 390
    605 187
    564 373

    42 630 422
    7 756
    254 377
    48 850
    205 527
    2 417 552
    4 117 072
    5 000 763
    10 410 091
    8 896 768
    6 351 408
    5 174 635

    2 071 910
    163
    1 784
    897
    887
    4 780
    9 548
    17 246
    76 436
    182 260
    380 508
    1 399 185

    1 299 204
    379
    5 490
    1 578
    3 912
    53 112
    94 894
    127 354
    303 880
    311 253
    232 050
    170 792

    64 961 189
    1 345 136
    6 588 597
    4 174 262
    2 417 335
    5 519 937
    5 537 104
    6 111 422
    12 336 341
    10 485 709
    8 138 691
    8 898 252

    12 320 199
    1 330 089
    5 528 745
    3 886 610
    1 642 135
    1 567 622
    582 114
    422 915
    748 766
    738 266
    648 264
    753 418

    42 905 285
    14 250
    1 033 804
    277 151
    756 653
    3 833 956
    4 772 006
    5 423 228
    10 741 606
    8 379 825
    5 375 362
    3 331 248

    7 880 607
    391
    4 751
    1 874
    2 877
    17 252
    37 047
    74 109
    374 216
    921 258
    1 819 043
    4 632 540

    1 855 098
    406
    21 297
    5 627
    15 670
    101 107
    145 937
    191 170
    471 753
    446 360
    296 022
    181 046

    1950
    14 years and over .......
    14 years ..................
    1519 years ............
    1517 years ........
    18 and 19 years ..
    2024 years ............
    2529 years ............
    3034 years ............
    3544 years ............
    4554 years ............
    5564 years ............
    65 years and over ...

    54 601 105
    1 090 929
    5 323 470
    3 187 510
    2 135 960
    5 559 265
    5 904 975
    5 562 315
    10 402 195
    8 484 515
    6 540 100
    5 734 250

    14 399 840
    1 080 370
    5 146 610
    3 151 360
    1 995 250
    3 281 540
    1 404 860
    734 195
    996 570
    725 355
    551 185
    479 155

    36 866 055
    6 660
    166 955
    30 410
    136 545
    2 217 810
    4 381 375
    4 690 995
    9 046 675
    7 267 615
    5 320 670
    3 767 300

    2 263 850
    1 670
    4 995
    3 460
    1 535
    9 060
    15 485
    20 945
    94 865
    240 755
    495 140
    1 380 935

    1 071 360
    1 320
    4 910
    2 280
    2 630
    50 855
    103 255
    116 180
    264 085
    250 790
    173 105
    106 860

    57 102 295
    1 047 370
    5 321 755
    3 116 230
    2 205 525
    5 878 040
    6 277 480
    5 896 625
    10 837 650
    8 687 605
    6 633 170
    6 522 600

    11 418 335
    1 039 610
    4 412 565
    2 893 350
    1 519 215
    1 898 910
    833 040
    546 245
    900 480
    680 150
    525 405
    581 930

    37 576 800
    6 980
    887 615
    217 325
    670 290
    3 856 760
    5 227 960
    5 082 260
    9 140 055
    6 737 675
    4 310 160
    2 327 335

    6 734 275
    565
    5 260
    2 055
    3 205
    25 280
    57 490
    91 945
    409 250
    967 595
    1 636 660
    3 540 230

    1 372 885
    215
    16 315
    3 500
    12 815
    97 090
    158 990
    176 175
    387 865
    302 185
    160 945
    73 105

    1940
    14 years and over .......
    14 years ..................
    1519 years ............
    1517 years ........
    18 and 19 years ..
    2024 years ............
    2529 years ............
    3034 years ............
    3544 years ............
    4554 years ............
    5564 years ............
    65 years and over ...

    50 553 748
    1 218 116
    6 180 153
    3 684 780
    2 495 373
    5 692 392
    5 450 662
    5 070 312
    9 164 794
    7 962 019
    5 409 180
    4 406 120

    17 593 379
    1 216 784
    6 073 165
    3 670 287
    2 402 878
    4 109 304
    1 964 118
    1 050 199
    1 283 994
    885 004
    577 170
    433 641

    30 192 334
    1 247
    104 935
    14 002
    90 933
    1 557 104
    3 417 046
    3 912 820
    7 551 974
    6 590 954
    4 245 427
    2 810 827

    2 143 612
    60
    1 031
    311
    720
    8 394
    20 973
    36 714
    155 405
    328 130
    488 620
    1 104 285

    624 423
    25
    1 022
    180
    842
    17 590
    48 525
    70 579
    173 421
    157 931
    97 963
    57 367

    50 549 176
    1 187 614
    6 153 370
    3 629 909
    2 523 461
    5 895 443
    5 645 976
    5 172 076
    9 168 426
    7 550 052
    5 163 025
    4 613 194

    13 935 866
    1 184 094
    5 425 023
    3 461 246
    1 962 777
    2 781 001
    1 288 092
    761 698
    950 876
    654 312
    462 407
    429 363

    30 090 488
    3 353
    713 940
    165 131
    548 809
    3 025 923
    4 185 325
    4 155 872
    7 430 791
    5 736 614
    3 254 768
    1 583 902

    5 700 202
    110
    6 423
    1 729
    4 694
    32 751
    71 878
    128 256
    537 584
    991 448
    1 365 044
    2 566 708

    822 620
    57
    8 984
    1 803
    7 181
    55 768
    100 681
    126 250
    249 175
    167 678
    80 806
    33 221

    - = Quantity zero.
    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    SECTION 2: POPULATION

    29

    Table 2-7Series A 160-171. Marital Status of the Population, by Age and Sex, 18902002Continued
    (Number.)
    Female
    Year

    Male

    Total

    Never
    married

    Married

    1930
    14 years and over .....
    14 years ................
    1519 years ..........
    1517 years ......
    18 and 19 years
    2024 years ..........
    2529 years ..........
    3034 years ..........
    3544 years ..........
    4554 years ..........
    5564 years ..........
    65 years and over

    45 035 691
    1 206 486
    5 757 825
    3 493 718
    2 264 107
    5 336 815
    4 860 180
    4 561 786
    8 816 319
    6 803 569
    4 367 500
    3 325 211

    16 143 512
    1 205 662
    5 645 359
    3 482 706
    2 162 653
    3 779 443
    1 785 413
    965 945
    1 261 705
    776 863
    442 505
    280 617

    26 311 682
    761
    100 362
    10 553
    89 809
    1 500 493
    2 977 004
    3 468 176
    7 189 452
    5 551 146
    3 407 751
    2 116 537

    2 022 588
    42
    1 513
    281
    1 232
    17 657
    39 013
    59 493
    218 881
    357 047
    445 262
    883 680

    488 688
    21
    1 348
    178
    1 170
    221 990
    50 229
    62 669
    137 180
    111 471
    66 499
    37 371

    69 221
    9 243
    9 243
    17 322
    8 521
    5 503
    9 101
    7 042
    5 483
    7 006

    1920
    14 years and over .....
    14 years ................
    1519 years ..........
    1517 years ......
    18 and 19 years
    2024 years ..........
    2529 years ..........
    3034 years ..........
    3544 years ..........
    4554 years ..........
    5564 years ..........
    65 years and over

    37 861 085
    1 033 297
    4 673 792
    2 828 546
    1 845 246
    4 527 045
    4 538 233
    4 130 783
    7 359 904
    5 653 095
    3 461 865
    2 483 071

    13 969 763
    1 029 971
    4 567 770
    2 815 533
    1 752 237
    3 200 623
    1 789 721
    995 869
    1 188 586
    677 420
    337 592
    182 211

    21 823 326
    3 173
    96 374
    12 521
    83 853
    1 280 318
    2 662 124
    3 023 357
    5 873 308
    4 580 056
    2 697 429
    1 607 187

    1 754 302
    118
    1 830
    384
    1 446
    20 511
    51 470
    74 454
    220 700
    329 976
    386 587
    668 656

    234 519
    35
    759
    108
    651
    10 280
    22 856
    28 080
    63 592
    56 162
    34 249
    18 506

    1910
    14 years and over .....
    14 years ................
    1519 years ..........
    1517 years ......
    18 and 19 years
    2024 years ..........
    2529 years ..........
    3034 years ..........
    3544 years ..........
    4554 years ..........
    5564 years ..........
    65 years and over

    33 247 336
    935 974
    4 527 282
    2 688 370
    1 838 912
    4 580 290
    4 244 348
    3 656 768
    6 153 366
    4 488 929
    2 674 403
    1 985 976

    13 455 690
    934 980
    4 448 067
    2 667 874
    1 780 193
    3 432 161
    1 816 137
    951 820
    1 026 502
    499 751
    222 950
    123 322

    18 066 188
    898
    51 877
    4 990
    46 887
    1 100 093
    2 353 525
    2 611 244
    4 873 153
    3 658 931
    2 112 699
    1 303 768

    1 466 839
    82
    1 110
    252
    858
    18 815
    45 092
    65 339
    198 701
    286 222
    312 420
    539 058

    1900
    14 years and over .....
    14 years ................
    1519 years ..........
    2024 years ..........
    2529 years ..........
    3034 years ..........
    3544 years ..........
    4554 years ..........
    5564 years ..........
    65 years and over

    26 286 316
    793 340
    3 750 451
    3 624 580
    3 323 543
    2 901 321
    4 872 781
    3 402 458
    2 062 424
    1 555 418

    11 053 813
    792 267
    3 706 382
    2 812 113
    1 520 782
    800 664
    826 201
    349 429
    156 823
    89 152

    13 920 057
    667
    37 781
    782 907
    1 746 620
    2 025 729
    3 840 575
    2 797 354
    1 644 373
    1 044 051

    1890
    14 years and over .....
    14 years ................
    1519 years ..........
    2024 years ..........
    2529 years ..........
    3034 years ..........
    3544 years ..........
    4554 years ..........
    5564 years ..........
    65 years and over

    21 397 501
    723 158
    3 248 711
    3 104 893
    2 698 311
    2 425 664
    3 705 648
    2 627 024
    1 630 373
    1 233 719

    9 331 617
    723 015
    3 230 935
    2 505 460
    1 240 797
    642 827
    568 511
    239 928
    111 144
    69 100

    11 176 124
    23
    16 746
    585 748
    1 421 407
    1 728 930
    2 997 030
    2 213 901
    1 342 414
    869 925

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau.


    - = Quantity zero.

    Never
    married

    Married

    43 970 842
    1 175 899
    5 794 290
    3 465 118
    2 329 172
    5 533 563
    4 973 428
    4 558 635
    8 382 521
    6 214 514
    4 029 398
    3 308 594

    12 465 795
    1 171 393
    5 032 174
    3 279 560
    1 752 614
    2 547 057
    1 079 923
    603 048
    839 130
    564 466
    360 188
    268 416

    26 159 771
    4 241
    731 967
    179 404
    552 563
    2 857 665
    3 697 645
    3 715 648
    6 832 581
    4 673 539
    2 499 285
    1 147 200

    4 728 565
    167
    12 337
    3 284
    9 053
    56 375
    102 041
    148 571
    547 562
    872 676
    1 119 802
    1 869 034

    572 574
    98
    12 371
    2 870
    9 501
    62 464
    89 124
    88 219
    157 650
    98 874
    45 881
    17 893

    44 137
    5 441
    5 441
    10 002
    4 695
    3 149
    5 598
    4 959
    4 242
    6 051

    79 175
    7 059
    7 059
    15 313
    12 062
    9 023
    13 718
    9 481
    6 008
    6 511

    36 134 659
    1 012 968
    4 756 764
    2 861 030
    1 895 734
    4 749 976
    4 548 258
    3 940 410
    6 730 934
    4 845 398
    3 069 807
    2 450 144

    10 608 384
    1 007 088
    4 137 650
    2 711 081
    1 426 569
    2 164 051
    1 048 285
    588 119
    767 882
    464 838
    257 029
    173 442

    21 301 014
    5 554
    596 542
    145 390
    451 152
    2 483 697
    3 336 501
    3 155 854
    5 426 434
    3 587 794
    1 878 478
    830 160

    3 909 736
    269
    12 239
    3 091
    9 148
    65 414
    117 389
    152 893
    485 493
    739 058
    906 362
    1 430 621

    272 736
    57
    6 017
    1 468
    4 549
    28 582
    41 243
    40 188
    75 027
    48 562
    23 451
    9 609

    42 789
    4 316
    4 316
    8 232
    4 842
    3 356
    6 098
    5 146
    4 487
    6 312

    155 604
    14
    347
    70
    277
    6 732
    15 503
    19 068
    42 688
    36 502
    21 675
    13 075

    103 015
    25 881
    15 184
    10 697
    22 489
    14 091
    9 297
    12 322
    7 523
    4 659
    7

    30 904 861
    912 148
    4 536 321
    2 683 806
    1 852 515
    4 476 694
    3 935 655
    3 315 417
    5 504 321
    3 881 059
    2 379 698
    1 963 548

    9 826 911
    908 435
    3 985 764
    2 543 264
    1 442 500
    2 163 683
    981 556
    535 170
    628 516
    331 573
    167 991
    124 223

    17 667 119
    3 482
    513 239
    121 803
    391 436
    2 225 362
    2 823 935
    2 619 959
    4 410 310
    2 904 043
    1 479 454
    687 335

    3 167 432
    198
    10 261
    2 697
    7 564
    55 354
    95 385
    128 942
    411 896
    610 386
    714 452
    1 140 558

    184 621
    33
    3 650
    867
    2 783
    20 370
    29 153
    28 109
    49 269
    31 934
    15 200
    6 903

    58 778
    23 407
    15 175
    8 232
    11 925
    5 626
    3 237
    4 330
    3 123
    2 601
    4 529

    1 173 509
    33
    871
    14 332
    38 781
    58 312
    174 535
    230 656
    245 424
    410 565

    83 828
    7
    194
    3 322
    8 218
    10 307
    22 630
    19 498
    12 297
    7 355

    55 109
    366
    5 223
    11 906
    9 142
    6 309
    8 840
    5 521
    3 507
    4 295

    24 951 254
    775 224
    3 805 638
    3 710 436
    3 205 898
    2 654 718
    4 339 166
    2 994 983
    1 940 111
    1 525 080

    8 319 285
    770 742
    3 374 814
    1 913 552
    882 875
    441 409
    481 668
    234 413
    128 954
    90 858

    13 784 538
    3 783
    415 682
    1 726 296
    2 209 357
    2 071 698
    3 451 375
    2 212 223
    1 172 904
    521 220

    2 706 332
    126
    9 336
    52 545
    91 847
    121 944
    372 677
    526 456
    626 271
    905 130

    114 476
    30
    2 418
    13 124
    18 461
    17 384
    29 953
    19 111
    9 566
    4 129

    26 923
    543
    3 388
    4 919
    3 358
    2 283
    3 493
    2 780
    2 416
    3 743

    811 110
    137
    7 610
    26 601
    43 777
    120 796
    157 920
    166 686
    287 583

    48 708
    1
    28
    1 468
    4 340
    5 832
    12 837
    11 393
    7 835
    4 974

    29 942
    119
    965
    4 607
    5 166
    4 298
    6 474
    3 882
    2 294
    2 137

    20 239 343
    695 801
    3 308 852
    3 091 783
    2 529 466
    2 152 966
    3 346 031
    2 430 878
    1 499 997
    1 183 569

    6 906 714
    694 281
    2 987 949
    1 601 266
    641 988
    326 306
    330 139
    171 454
    86 573
    66 758

    11 101 645
    1 411
    313 983
    1 444 712
    1 805 064
    1 717 204
    2 698 266
    1 796 979
    905 627
    418 399

    2 144 496
    17
    4 845
    36 456
    69 965
    96 797
    296 302
    447 370
    499 420
    693 324

    71 584
    12
    1 101
    6 931
    10 588
    11 161
    18 899
    13 080
    6 721
    3 091

    14 904
    80
    974
    2 418
    1 861
    1 498
    2 425
    1 995
    1 656
    1 997

    Widowed

    Divorced

    Status not
    reported

    Total

    Widowed

    Divorced

    Status not
    reported

    30

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 2-8Series A 172-194. Population of Regions, by Race and Residence, 17902000


    (Number in thousands.)
    Race
    Year

    Residence

    Total population
    White

    Black

    Other

    Northeast
    2000 1 ...............................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    53 594
    50 809
    49 137
    49 041
    44 678
    39 478
    35 977
    34 427
    29 662
    25 869

    41 534
    42 069
    42 328
    44 311
    41 522
    37 399
    34 567
    33 237
    28 958
    25 361

    6 100
    5 613
    4 849
    4 344
    3 028
    2 018
    1 370
    1 147
    679
    484

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    21 047
    17 407
    14 507
    12 299
    10 594
    8 627
    6 761
    5 542
    4 360
    3 487

    20 638
    17 122
    14 274
    12 117
    10 438
    8 447
    6 619
    5 417
    4 246
    3 384

    385
    270
    229
    180
    156
    150
    142
    125
    114
    102

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    2 636
    1 968

    2 553
    1 901

    83
    67

    Midwest
    2000 1 ...............................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    64 393
    59 669
    58 666
    56 572
    51 619
    44 461
    40 143
    38 594
    34 020
    29 889

    53 834
    52 018
    52 195
    51 641
    48 003
    42 119
    38 640
    37 151
    33 164
    29 279

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    26 333
    22 410
    17 364
    12 981
    9 097
    5 404
    3 352
    1 610
    859
    292

    1800 .................................................................
    South
    2000 1 ...............................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    Urban

    45 226
    40 092
    38 904
    39 450
    35 840
    31 373
    27 568
    26 707
    22 404
    18 563

    8 368
    10 717
    10 232
    9 591
    8 838
    8 105
    8 409
    7 720
    7 258
    7 305

    13 911
    10 266
    7 370
    5 448
    3 787
    2 289
    1 253
    785
    480
    380

    7 136
    7 141
    7 137
    6 851
    6 807
    6 338
    5 508
    4 758
    3 880
    3 107

    245
    160

    2 391
    1 809

    6 500
    5 716
    5 337
    4 572
    3 446
    2 228
    1 420
    1 262
    793
    543

    4 060
    2 833
    1 334
    359
    170
    114
    83
    181
    62
    66

    48 105
    42 774
    41 466
    40 481
    35 481
    28 491
    23 437
    22 351
    17 776
    13 487

    16 288
    16 894
    17 388
    16 091
    16 138
    15 970
    16 706
    16 243
    16 244
    16 401

    25 776
    21 914
    16 961
    12 699
    8 900
    5 268
    3 262
    1 569
    841
    286

    496
    431
    386
    273
    184
    136
    89
    42
    18
    7

    61
    65
    17
    10
    13
    -

    10 165
    7 418
    4 198
    2 702
    1 263
    499
    129
    42
    10
    3

    16 168
    14 992
    13 166
    10 279
    7 833
    4 904
    3 222
    1 569
    850
    290

    51

    50

    51

    100 237
    85 446
    73 572
    62 795
    54 973
    47 197
    41 666
    37 858
    33 126
    29 389

    72 819
    65 582
    58 949
    50 420
    43 477
    36 850
    31 659
    27 674
    24 132
    20 547

    18 982
    15 829
    14 048
    11 970
    11 312
    10 225
    9 905
    9 362
    8 912
    8 749

    8 436
    8 452
    2 364
    405
    185
    122
    103
    882
    81
    92

    73 008
    58 656
    50 414
    40 540
    32 160
    22 956
    15 290
    12 904
    9 300
    6 623

    27 229
    26 790
    24 958
    22 255
    22 813
    24 241
    26 375
    24 953
    23 826
    22 767

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    24 524
    20 028
    16 517
    12 288
    11 133
    8 983
    6 951
    5 708
    4 419
    3 461

    16 522
    13 193
    10 555
    7 863
    7 034
    5 630
    4 309
    3 546
    2 776
    2 191

    7 923
    6 761
    5 954
    4 421
    4 097
    3 352
    2 642
    2 162
    1 644
    1 268

    79
    74
    7
    4
    2
    -

    4 421
    3 261
    2 017
    1 497
    1 067
    744
    463
    301
    204
    143

    20 103
    16 767
    14 500
    10 791
    10 067
    8 239
    6 488
    5 407
    4 216
    3 318

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    2 622
    1 961

    1 704
    1 271

    918
    690

    78
    42

    2 544
    1 919

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    1In 2000, White


    2Less than 0.5.

    and Black are "one race only" with "2 or more races" included in "other."

    - = Quantity zero.

    5 961
    5 214
    1 950
    386
    127
    61
    40
    43
    25
    23

    Rural

    24
    15
    4
    2
    2
    ( )
    -

    SECTION 2: POPULATION

    31

    Table 2-8Series A 172-194. Population of Regions, by Race and Residence, 17902000Continued


    (Number in thousands.)
    Race
    Year

    White

    West
    2000 1 ...............................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................
    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    Black

    Other

    Urban

    Rural

    63 198
    52 786
    43 172
    34 804
    28 053
    20 190
    14 379
    12 324
    9 214
    7 082

    43 274
    40 017
    34 890
    31 377
    25 830
    18 574
    13 350
    10 802
    8 567
    6 544

    3 077
    2 828
    2 262
    1 695
    1 086
    571
    171
    120
    79
    51

    16 847
    15 087
    6 020
    1 732
    1 137
    416
    363
    974
    258
    231

    56 022
    45 531
    36 211
    28 854
    21 787
    14 027
    8 409
    7 199
    4 773
    3 391

    7 176
    7 255
    6 961
    5 950
    6 266
    6 163
    5 969
    5 125
    4 440
    3 691

    4 309
    3 134
    1 801
    991
    619
    179

    3 873
    2 872
    1 612
    910
    551
    178

    30
    27
    12
    6
    4
    1

    188
    203
    144
    74
    64
    -

    1 718
    1 161
    544
    256
    99
    11

    2 591
    1 974
    1 257
    735
    520
    167

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau.


    1In

    Residence

    Total population

    2000, White and Black are "one race only" with "2 or more races" included in "other."
    - = Quantity zero.

    32

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 2-9Series A 195-209. Population of States, by Race, 17902000


    (Number in thousands, except population per square mile.)
    Resident population

    Race

    Year
    Total

    Per square mile of land area

    White

    Black

    Alabama
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    4 447
    4 041
    3 890
    3 444
    3 267
    3 062
    2 833
    2 646
    2 348
    2 138

    87.6
    79.6
    76.7
    67.9
    64.2
    59.9
    55.5
    51.8
    45.8
    41.7

    3 163
    2 976
    2 873
    2 534
    2 284
    2 080
    1 849
    1 701
    1 447
    1 229

    1 156
    1 021
    996
    903
    980
    980
    983
    945
    901
    908

    1900 .................................................................
    1890 .................................................................
    1880 .................................................................
    1870 .................................................................
    1860 .................................................................
    1850 .................................................................
    1840 .................................................................
    1830 .................................................................
    1820 .................................................................
    1810 1 ...............................................................

    1 829
    1 513
    1 263
    997
    964
    772
    591
    310
    128
    9

    35.7
    29.5
    24.6
    19.4
    18.8
    15.0
    11.5
    6.0
    2.5
    ...

    1 001
    834
    662
    521
    526
    427
    335
    190
    85
    ...

    827
    678
    600
    476
    438
    345
    256
    119
    42
    ...

    1800 1 ...............................................................

    ...

    ...

    ...

    Alaska
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 2 ...............................................................
    1930 4 ...............................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    627
    550
    402
    303
    226
    129
    73
    59
    55
    64

    1.1
    1.0
    0.7
    0.5
    0.4
    0.2
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1

    435
    415
    310
    237
    179
    93
    39
    29
    28
    36

    22
    22
    14
    9
    7
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)

    1900 .................................................................
    1890 .................................................................
    1880 .................................................................

    64
    32
    33

    0.1
    ...
    ...

    Arizona
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    5 131
    3 665
    2 718
    1 771
    1 302
    750
    499
    436
    334
    204

    45.2
    32.3
    23.9
    15.6
    11.5
    6.6
    4.4
    3.8
    2.9
    1.8

    3 874
    2 963
    2 241
    1 605
    1 170
    655
    427
    379
    291
    171

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    123
    88
    40
    10

    1.1
    0.8
    0.4
    0.1

    93
    56
    35
    10

    Arkansas
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    2 673
    2 351
    2 286
    1 923
    1 786
    1 910
    1 949
    1 854
    1 752
    1 574

    51.3
    45.1
    43.9
    37.0
    34.2
    36.3
    37.0
    35.2
    33.4
    30.0

    2 139
    1 945
    1 890
    1 566
    1 396
    1 482
    1 466
    1 375
    1 280
    1 131

    419
    374
    374
    352
    389
    427
    483
    478
    472
    443

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    1 312
    1 128
    803
    484
    435
    210
    98
    30
    14
    1

    25.0
    21.5
    15.3
    9.2
    8.3
    4.0
    1.9
    0.6
    0.1
    ...

    945
    819
    592
    362
    324
    162
    77
    26
    13
    ...

    367
    309
    211
    122
    111
    48
    20
    5
    2
    ...

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1Population of those parts


    2Census taken October 1,
    3Less than 500.
    4Census taken October 1,

    . . . = Not available.

    30
    4
    (3)

    of Mississippi Territory now in present state. Population per square mile, sex, race and age detail for Alabama included with Mississippi.
    1939.
    1929.

    (3)
    ...
    ...
    159
    111
    75
    53
    43
    26
    15
    11
    8
    2
    2
    1
    (3)
    (3)

    SECTION 2: POPULATION

    33

    Table 2-9Series A 195-209. Population of States, by Race, 17902000Continued


    (Number in thousands, except population per square mile.)
    Resident population

    Race

    Year
    Total

    California
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    Per square mile of land area

    White

    Black

    33 872
    29 760
    23 668
    19 953
    15 717
    10 586
    6 907
    5 677
    3 427
    2 378

    217.2
    190.8
    151.7
    127.6
    100.4
    67.5
    44.1
    36.2
    22.0
    15.3

    20 170
    20 524
    18 031
    17 761
    14 455
    9 915
    6 597
    5 408
    3 265
    2 260

    2 264
    2 209
    1 819
    1 400
    884
    462
    124
    81
    39
    22

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1 485
    1 213
    865
    560
    380
    93

    9.5
    7.8
    5.5
    3.6
    2.4
    0.6

    1 403
    1 112
    767
    499
    323
    92

    11
    11
    6
    4
    4
    1

    Colorado
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    4 301
    3 294
    2 890
    2 207
    1 754
    1 325
    1 123
    1 036
    940
    799

    41.5
    31.8
    27.9
    21.3
    16.9
    12.8
    10.8
    10.0
    9.1
    7.7

    3 560
    2 905
    2 571
    2 112
    1 701
    1 297
    1 107
    1 019
    924
    783

    165
    133
    102
    66
    40
    20
    12
    12
    11
    11

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    540
    413
    194
    40
    34

    5.2
    4.0
    1.9
    0.4
    0.3

    529
    405
    191
    39
    34

    9
    6
    2

    Connecticut
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    3 406
    3 287
    3 108
    3 032
    2 535
    2 007
    1 709
    1 607
    1 381
    1 115

    702.9
    678.4
    641.3
    623.6
    520.6
    409.7
    348.9
    328.0
    286.4
    231.3

    2 780
    2 859
    2 799
    2 835
    2 424
    1 952
    1 675
    1 577
    1 359
    1 099

    165
    274
    217
    181
    107
    53
    33
    29
    21
    15

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    908
    746
    623
    537
    460
    371
    310
    298
    275
    262

    188.5
    154.8
    129.2
    111.5
    95.5
    76.9
    64.3
    61.8
    57.1
    54.3

    892
    733
    611
    528
    452
    363
    302
    290
    267
    255

    15
    12
    12
    10
    9
    8
    8
    8
    8
    7

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    251
    238

    52.1
    49.4

    245
    233

    6
    6

    Delaware
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    784
    666
    594
    548
    446
    318
    267
    238
    223
    202

    401.1
    340.8
    304.1
    276.5
    225.2
    160.8
    134.7
    120.5
    113.5
    103.0

    585
    535
    488
    466
    384
    274
    231
    206
    193
    171

    151
    112
    96
    78
    61
    44
    36
    33
    30
    31

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    185
    168
    147
    125
    112
    92
    78
    77
    73
    73

    94.0
    85.7
    74.6
    63.6
    57.1
    46.6
    39.7
    39.1
    37.0
    37.0

    154
    140
    120
    102
    91
    71
    59
    58
    55
    55

    31
    28
    26
    23
    22
    20
    20
    19
    17
    17

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    64
    59

    32.7
    30.1

    50
    46

    14
    13

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    3Less

    than 500.

    (3)
    (3)

    34

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 2-9Series A 195-209. Population of States, by Race, 17902000Continued


    (Number in thousands, except population per square mile.)
    Resident population

    Race

    Year
    Total

    Per square mile of land area

    White

    Black

    District of Columbia
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    572
    607
    638
    757
    764
    802
    663
    487
    483
    331

    9 316.4
    9 882.8
    10 394.6
    12 401.8
    12 523.9
    13 150.5
    10 870.3
    7 981.5
    7 292.9
    5 517.8

    176
    180
    172
    209
    345
    518
    474
    354
    327
    236

    343
    400
    449
    538
    412
    281
    187
    132
    110
    94

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    279
    230
    178
    132
    75
    52
    34
    30
    23
    15

    4 645.3
    3 972.3
    3 062.5
    2 270.7
    1 294.5
    891.2
    485.7
    442.6
    367.1
    266.9

    192
    155
    118
    88
    61
    38
    24
    21
    16
    10

    87
    76
    60
    43
    14
    14
    10
    9
    7
    5

    1800 .................................................................

    156.6

    Florida
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    15 982
    12 938
    9 746
    6 789
    4 952
    2 771
    1 897
    1 468
    968
    753

    296.4
    239.6
    180.5
    125.5
    91.5
    51.1
    35.0
    27.1
    17.7
    13.7

    12 465
    10 749
    8 185
    5 719
    4 064
    2 166
    1 382
    1 035
    638
    444

    2 336
    1 760
    1 343
    1 042
    880
    603
    514
    432
    329
    309

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    529
    391
    269
    188
    140
    87
    54
    35

    9.6
    7.1
    4.9
    3.4
    2.6
    1.6
    1.0
    0.6

    297
    225
    143
    96
    78
    47
    28
    18

    231
    166
    127
    92
    63
    40
    27
    16

    Georgia
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    8 186
    6 478
    5 463
    4 590
    3 943
    3 445
    3 124
    2 909
    2 896
    2 609

    141.4
    111.9
    94.3
    79.0
    67.8
    58.9
    53.4
    49.7
    49.3
    44.4

    5 327
    4 600
    3 947
    3 391
    2 817
    2 381
    2 038
    1 837
    1 689
    1 432

    2 350
    1 747
    1 465
    1 187
    1 123
    1 063
    1 085
    1 071
    1 206
    1 177

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2 216
    1 837
    1 542
    1 184
    1 057
    906
    691
    517
    341
    252

    37.7
    31.3
    26.3
    20.2
    18.0
    15.4
    11.8
    8.8
    5.8
    4.3

    1 181
    978
    817
    639
    592
    522
    408
    297
    190
    145

    1 035
    859
    725
    545
    466
    285
    284
    220
    151
    107

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    163
    83

    1.5
    0.6

    102
    53

    60
    30

    Hawaii
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    1 212
    1 108
    965
    769
    633
    500
    423
    368
    256
    192

    188.6
    172.5
    150.2
    119.6
    98.5
    78.0
    66.0
    57.5
    39.9
    30.0

    294
    370
    319
    298
    202
    115
    104
    80
    55
    44

    22
    27
    17
    8
    5
    3
    3
    ( )
    1
    (3)
    1

    1900 .................................................................

    154

    24.0

    29

    (3)

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830

    3Less

    than 500.

    SECTION 2: POPULATION

    35

    Table 2-9Series A 195-209. Population of States, by Race, 17902000Continued


    (Number in thousands, except population per square mile.)
    Resident population

    Race

    Year
    Total

    Idaho
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    Per square mile of land area

    White

    Black

    1 293
    1 007
    944
    713
    667
    589
    525
    445
    432
    326

    15.6
    12.2
    11.4
    8.6
    8.1
    7.1
    6.3
    5.4
    5.2
    3.9

    1 177
    950
    902
    699
    657
    581
    519
    439
    426
    319

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    162
    89
    33
    15

    1.9
    1.1
    0.4
    0.2

    154
    82
    29
    11

    Illinois
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    12 419
    11 431
    11 427
    11 114
    10 081
    8 712
    7 897
    7 631
    6 485
    5 639

    223.4
    205.6
    205.5
    199.4
    180.4
    155.8
    141.2
    136.4
    115.7
    100.6

    9 125
    8 953
    9 233
    9 600
    9 010
    8 046
    7 504
    7 295
    6 299
    5 527

    1 877
    1 694
    1 675
    1 426
    1 037
    646
    387
    329
    182
    109

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    4 822
    3 826
    3 078
    2 540
    1 712
    851
    476
    157
    55
    12

    86.1
    68.3
    55.0
    45.4
    30.6
    15.2
    8.5
    2.8
    1.0
    0.1

    4 735
    3 768
    3 031
    2 511
    1 704
    846
    472
    155
    54
    12

    85
    57
    46
    29
    8
    5
    4
    2
    1
    1

    Indiana
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    6 080
    5 544
    5 490
    5 194
    4 662
    3 934
    3 428
    3 239
    2 930
    2 701

    169.5
    154.6
    153.1
    143.9
    128.8
    108.7
    94.7
    89.4
    81.3
    74.9

    5 320
    5 021
    5 004
    4 820
    4 389
    3 759
    3 305
    3 126
    2 849
    2 640

    510
    432
    415
    357
    269
    174
    122
    112
    81
    60

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2 516
    2 192
    1 978
    1 681
    1 350
    988
    686
    343
    147
    25

    70.1
    61.1
    55.1
    46.8
    37.6
    27.5
    19.1
    9.6
    4.1
    0.6

    2 459
    2 147
    1 939
    1 656
    1 339
    977
    679
    338
    146
    24

    58
    45
    39
    25
    11
    11
    7
    4
    1
    1

    1800 .................................................................

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    (5)

    5
    3
    3
    2
    2
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)

    (3)

    Iowa
    2000
    1990
    1980
    1970
    1960
    1950
    1940
    1930
    1920
    1910

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2 926
    2 777
    2 914
    2 824
    2 758
    2 621
    2 538
    2 471
    2 404
    2 225

    52.4
    49.7
    52.1
    50.5
    49.2
    46.8
    45.3
    44.1
    43.2
    40.0

    2 749
    2 683
    2 839
    2 783
    2 729
    2 600
    2 521
    2 453
    2 384
    2 209

    62
    48
    42
    33
    25
    ...
    17
    17
    19
    15

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2 232
    1 912
    1 625
    1 194
    675
    192
    43

    40.2
    34.4
    29.2
    21.5
    12.1
    3.5
    0.2

    2 219
    1 901
    1 615
    1 188
    674
    192
    43

    13
    11
    10
    6
    1
    (3)
    (3)

    3Less
    5Less

    than 500.
    than 1/10 of a person.

    36

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 2-9Series A 195-209. Population of States, by Race, 17902000Continued


    (Number in thousands, except population per square mile.)
    Resident population

    Race

    Year
    Total

    Per square mile of land area

    White

    Black

    Kansas
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    2 688
    2 478
    2 364
    2 247
    2 179
    1 905
    1 801
    1 881
    1 769
    1 691

    32.9
    30.3
    28.9
    27.5
    26.6
    23.2
    21.9
    22.9
    21.6
    20.7

    2 314
    2 232
    2 168
    2 122
    2 079
    1 829
    1 734
    1 812
    1 709
    1 634

    154
    143
    126
    107
    91
    73
    65
    66
    58
    54

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1 470
    1 428
    996
    364
    107

    18.0
    17.5
    12.2
    4.5
    1.3

    1 416
    1 377
    952
    346
    106

    52
    50
    43
    17
    1

    Kentucky
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    4 042
    3 685
    3 661
    3 219
    3 038
    2 945
    2 846
    2 615
    2 417
    2 290

    101.7
    92.8
    92.1
    81.2
    76.2
    73.9
    70.9
    65.2
    60.2
    57.0

    3 641
    3 392
    3 379
    2 982
    2 820
    2 742
    2 631
    2 388
    2 181
    2 028

    296
    263
    259
    231
    216
    202
    214
    226
    236
    262

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2 147
    1 859
    1 649
    1 321
    1 156
    982
    780
    688
    564
    407

    53.4
    46.3
    41.0
    32.9
    28.8
    24.4
    19.4
    17.1
    14.0
    10.1

    1 862
    1 590
    1 377
    1 099
    919
    761
    590
    519
    435
    324

    285
    268
    271
    222
    236
    221
    190
    170
    129
    82

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    221
    74

    5.5
    1.8

    180
    61

    41
    13

    Louisiana
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    4 469
    4 220
    4 206
    3 641
    3 257
    2 684
    2 364
    2 102
    1 799
    1 656

    102.6
    96.9
    96.5
    81.0
    72.2
    59.4
    52.3
    46.5
    39.6
    36.5

    2 856
    2 839
    2 912
    2 541
    2 212
    1 797
    1 512
    1 323
    1 097
    941

    1 452
    1 299
    1 238
    1 087
    1 039
    882
    849
    776
    700
    714

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1 382
    1 119
    940
    727
    708
    518
    352
    216
    153
    77

    30.4
    24.6
    20.7
    16.0
    15.6
    11.4
    7.8
    4.8
    3.4
    2.2

    730
    558
    455
    362
    357
    255
    158
    89
    74
    34

    651
    559
    484
    364
    350
    262
    194
    126
    80
    42

    Maine
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    1 275
    1 228
    1 125
    992
    969
    914
    847
    797
    768
    742

    41.3
    39.8
    36.4
    32.1
    31.3
    29.4
    27.3
    25.7
    25.7
    24.8

    1 236
    1 208
    1 110
    985
    963
    911
    845
    795
    766
    740

    7
    5
    3
    3
    3
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    694
    661
    649
    627
    628
    583
    502
    399
    298
    229

    23.2
    22.1
    21.7
    21.0
    21.0
    19.5
    16.8
    13.4
    10.0
    7.7

    682
    659
    647
    625
    627
    582
    500
    398
    297
    228

    1
    1
    1
    2
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    152
    97

    5.1
    3.2

    151
    96

    1
    1

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    SECTION 2: POPULATION

    37

    Table 2-9Series A 195-209. Population of States, by Race, 17902000Continued


    (Number in thousands, except population per square mile.)
    Resident population

    Race

    Year
    Total

    Per square mile of land area

    White

    Black

    Maryland
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    5 296
    4 781
    4 217
    3 922
    3 101
    2 343
    1 821
    1 632
    1 450
    1 295

    541.9
    489.2
    431.4
    396.6
    313.5
    237.1
    184.2
    165.0
    145.8
    130.3

    3 391
    3 394
    3 159
    3 195
    2 574
    1 955
    1 518
    1 354
    1 205
    1 063

    1 477
    1 190
    958
    699
    518
    386
    302
    276
    244
    232

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1 188
    1 042
    935
    781
    687
    583
    470
    447
    407
    381

    119.5
    104.9
    94.0
    78.6
    69.1
    58.6
    47.3
    45.0
    41.0
    38.3

    952
    826
    725
    605
    516
    418
    318
    291
    260
    235

    235
    216
    210
    175
    171
    165
    152
    156
    147
    145

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    342
    320

    34.4
    32.0

    216
    209

    125
    111

    Massachusetts
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    6 349
    6 016
    5 737
    5 689
    5 149
    4 691
    4 317
    4 250
    3 852
    3 366

    809.8
    767.6
    732.0
    727.0
    657.3
    596.2
    545.9
    537.4
    479.2
    418.8

    5 367
    5 405
    5 363
    5 478
    5 023
    4 612
    4 258
    4 193
    3 804
    3 325

    343
    300
    221
    176
    112
    73
    55
    52
    45
    38

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2 805
    2 239
    1 783
    1 457
    1 231
    995
    738
    610
    523
    472

    349.0
    278.5
    221.9
    181.3
    153.1
    123.7
    91.7
    75.9
    65.1
    58.7

    2 770
    2 215
    1 764
    1 443
    1 221
    985
    729
    603
    516
    465

    32
    22
    19
    14
    10
    9
    9
    7
    7
    7

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    423
    379

    52.6
    47.1

    417
    373

    6
    5

    Michigan
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    9 938
    9 295
    9 262
    8 875
    7 823
    6 372
    5 256
    4 842
    3 668
    2 810

    175.0
    163.6
    163.0
    156.2
    137.7
    111.7
    92.2
    84.9
    63.8
    48.9

    7 966
    7 756
    7 872
    7 833
    7 086
    5 918
    5 040
    4 664
    3 602
    2 785

    1 413
    1 292
    1 199
    991
    718
    442
    208
    169
    60
    17

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2 421
    2 094
    1 637
    1 184
    749
    398
    212
    32
    9
    5

    42.1
    36.4
    28.5
    20.6
    13.0
    6.9
    3.7
    0.2
    (5)
    0.1

    2 399
    2 073
    1 615
    1 167
    736
    395
    212
    31
    9
    5

    Minnesota
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    4 919
    4 375
    4 076
    3 805
    3 414
    2 982
    2 792
    2 564
    2 387
    2 076

    61.8
    55.0
    51.2
    48.0
    43.1
    37.3
    34.9
    32.0
    29.5
    25.7

    4 400
    4 130
    3 936
    3 736
    3 372
    2 954
    2 769
    2 543
    2 369
    2 059

    172
    95
    53
    35
    22
    14
    10
    9
    9
    7

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1 751
    1 310
    781
    440
    172
    6

    21.7
    16.2
    9.7
    5.4
    2.1
    (5)

    1 737
    1 296
    777
    438
    169
    6

    5
    4
    2
    1

    3Less
    5Less

    than 500.
    than 1/10 of a person.

    16
    15
    15
    12
    7
    3
    1
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)

    (3)
    (3)

    38

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 2-9Series A 195-209. Population of States, by Race, 17902000Continued


    (Number in thousands, except population per square mile.)
    Resident population

    Race

    Year
    Total

    Per square mile of land area

    White

    Black

    Mississippi
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    2 845
    2 573
    2 521
    2 217
    2 178
    2 179
    2 184
    2 010
    1 791
    1 797

    60.6
    54.9
    53.7
    46.9
    46.0
    46.1
    46.1
    42.4
    38.6
    38.8

    1 746
    1 633
    1 615
    1 633
    1 258
    1 189
    1 106
    998
    854
    786

    1 034
    915
    887
    816
    916
    986
    1 075
    1 010
    935
    1 009

    1900 .................................................................
    1890 .................................................................
    1880 .................................................................
    1870 .................................................................
    1860 .................................................................
    1850 .................................................................
    1840 .................................................................
    1830 .................................................................
    1820 .................................................................
    1810 1 ...............................................................

    1 551
    1 290
    1 132
    828
    791
    607
    376
    137
    75
    31

    33.5
    27.8
    24.4
    17.9
    17.1
    13.1
    8.1
    2.9
    1.6
    0.4

    641
    545
    479
    383
    354
    296
    179
    70
    42
    23

    908
    743
    650
    444
    437
    311
    197
    66
    33
    17

    1800 1 ...............................................................

    0.3

    Missouri
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    5 595
    5 117
    4 917
    4 677
    4 320
    3 955
    3 785
    3 629
    3 404
    3 293

    81.2
    74.3
    71.4
    67.8
    62.6
    57.1
    54.6
    52.4
    49.5
    47.9

    4 748
    4 486
    4 346
    4 177
    3 923
    3 656
    3 539
    3 404
    3 225
    3 135

    629
    548
    514
    480
    391
    297
    244
    224
    178
    157

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    3 107
    2 679
    2 168
    1 721
    1 182
    682
    384
    140
    67
    20

    45.2
    39.0
    31.6
    25.0
    17.2
    9.9
    5.6
    2.1
    1.0
    ...

    2 945
    2 528
    2 023
    1 603
    1 063
    592
    324
    115
    56
    17

    161
    150
    145
    118
    119
    90
    60
    26
    11
    4

    Montana
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    902
    799
    787
    694
    675
    591
    559
    538
    549
    376

    6.2
    5.5
    5.4
    4.8
    4.6
    4.1
    3.8
    3.7
    3.8
    2.6

    817
    741
    740
    663
    651
    572
    540
    520
    534
    361

    3
    2
    2
    2
    1
    1
    1
    1
    2
    2

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    243
    143
    39
    21

    1.7
    1.0
    0.3
    0.1

    226
    128
    35
    18

    2
    1
    (3)
    (3)

    Nebraska
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    1 711
    1 578
    1 570
    1 483
    1 411
    1 326
    1 316
    1 378
    1 296
    1 192

    22.3
    20.5
    20.4
    19.4
    18.4
    17.3
    17.2
    18.0
    16.9
    15.5

    1 533
    1 487
    1 490
    1 433
    1 375
    1 301
    1 298
    1 360
    1 279
    1 180

    69
    57
    48
    40
    29
    19
    14
    14
    13
    8

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860

    1 066
    1 063
    452
    123
    29

    13.9
    13.8
    5.9
    1.6
    0.2

    1 057
    1 047
    450
    122
    29

    6
    9
    2
    1

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1Population of those
    3Less than 500.

    . . . = Not available.

    parts of Mississippi Territory now in present state. Population per square mile, sex, race and age detail for Alabama included with Mississippi.

    (3)

    SECTION 2: POPULATION

    39

    Table 2-9Series A 195-209. Population of States, by Race, 17902000Continued


    (Number in thousands, except population per square mile.)
    Resident population

    Race

    Year
    Total

    Nevada
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    Per square mile of land area

    White

    Black

    1 998
    1 202
    800
    489
    285
    160
    110
    91
    77
    82

    18.2
    10.9
    7.3
    4.4
    2.6
    1.5
    1.0
    0.8
    0.7
    0.7

    1 502
    1 013
    700
    448
    263
    150
    104
    85
    71
    74

    135
    79
    51
    28
    13
    4
    1
    1
    (3)
    1

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    42
    47
    62
    42
    7

    0.4
    0.4
    0.6
    0.4
    0.1

    35
    39
    54
    39
    7

    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)

    New Hampshire
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    1 236
    1 109
    921
    738
    607
    533
    492
    465
    443
    431

    137.8
    123.7
    102.6
    81.7
    67.2
    59.1
    54.5
    51.6
    49.1
    47.7

    1 236
    1 087
    910
    733
    604
    532
    491
    464
    442
    430

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    412
    377
    347
    318
    326
    318
    285
    269
    244
    214

    45.6
    41.7
    38.4
    35.2
    36.1
    35.2
    31.5
    29.8
    27.0
    23.7

    411
    376
    346
    318
    326
    317
    284
    269
    243
    214

    (3)
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    184
    142

    20.4
    15.7

    184
    142

    1
    1

    New Jersey
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    8 414
    7 730
    7 365
    7 168
    6 067
    4 835
    4 160
    4 041
    3 156
    2 537

    1 134.4
    1 042.0
    992.7
    953.1
    805.5
    642.8
    553.1
    537.3
    420.0
    337.7

    6 105
    6 130
    6 127
    6 350
    5 539
    4 512
    3 931
    3 830
    3 037
    2 446

    1 142
    1 037
    925
    770
    515
    319
    227
    209
    117
    90

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1 884
    1 445
    1 131
    906
    672
    490
    373
    321
    278
    246

    250.7
    192.3
    150.5
    120.6
    89.4
    65.2
    49.7
    42.7
    36.9
    32.7

    1 812
    1 397
    1 092
    875
    647
    466
    352
    300
    258
    227

    70
    48
    39
    31
    25
    24
    22
    21
    20
    19

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    211
    184

    28.1
    24.5

    194
    170

    17
    14

    New Mexico
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    1 819
    1 515
    1 303
    1 016
    951
    681
    532
    423
    360
    327

    15.0
    12.5
    10.7
    8.4
    7.8
    5.6
    4.4
    3.5
    2.9
    2.7

    1 214
    1 146
    978
    916
    876
    630
    492
    391
    335
    305

    34
    30
    24
    20
    17
    8
    5
    3
    6
    2

    1900 .................................................................
    1890 .................................................................
    1880 .................................................................
    1870 .................................................................
    1860 6 ...............................................................
    1850 7 ...............................................................

    195
    160
    120
    92
    94
    62

    1.6
    1.3
    1.0
    0.7
    0.4
    0.3

    180
    143
    109
    90
    83
    62

    2
    2
    1

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    3Less than 500.


    6Includes population of area taken to form part of
    7Data for Territory of New Mexico which included

    Arizona Territory in 1863.


    parts of present States of Arizona and New Mexico, and smaller parts of Colorado and Nevada.

    9
    7
    4
    3
    2
    1

    (3)
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1

    (3)
    (3)
    (3)

    40

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 2-9Series A 195-209. Population of States, by Race, 17902000Continued


    (Number in thousands, except population per square mile.)
    Resident population

    Race

    Year
    Total

    Per square mile of land area

    White

    Black

    New York
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    18 976
    17 990
    17 558
    18 237
    16 782
    14 830
    13 479
    12 588
    10 385
    9 114

    401.9
    381.0
    371.8
    381.3
    350.6
    309.3
    281.2
    262.6
    217.9
    191.2

    12 894
    13 385
    13 961
    15 834
    15 287
    13 872
    12 880
    12 153
    10 172
    8 967

    3 014
    2 859
    2 402
    2 169
    1 418
    918
    571
    413
    198
    134

    1900 .................................................................
    1890 .................................................................
    1880 .................................................................
    1870 .................................................................
    1860 .................................................................
    1850 .................................................................
    1840 .................................................................
    1830 8 ...............................................................
    1820 .................................................................
    1810 .................................................................

    7 269
    6 003
    5 083
    4 383
    3 881
    3 097
    2 429
    1 919
    1 373
    959

    152.5
    126.0
    106.7
    92.0
    81.4
    65.0
    51.0
    40.3
    28.8
    20.1

    7 157
    5 924
    5 016
    4 330
    3 832
    3 048
    2 379
    1 868
    1 333
    919

    99
    70
    65
    52
    49
    49
    50
    45
    39
    40

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    589
    340

    12.4
    7.1

    556
    314

    31
    26

    North Carolina
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    8 049
    6 629
    5 882
    5 082
    4 556
    4 062
    3 572
    3 170
    2 559
    2 206

    165.2
    136.1
    120.7
    104.1
    93.2
    82.7
    72.7
    64.5
    52.5
    45.3

    5 804
    5 008
    4 458
    3 902
    3 399
    2 983
    2 568
    2 235
    1 784
    1 501

    1 738
    1 456
    1 319
    1 126
    1 116
    1 047
    981
    919
    763
    698

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1 894
    1 618
    1 400
    1 071
    993
    869
    753
    738
    639
    556

    38.9
    33.2
    28.7
    22.0
    20.4
    17.8
    15.5
    15.1
    13.1
    11.4

    1 264
    1 055
    867
    678
    630
    553
    485
    473
    419
    376

    624
    561
    531
    392
    362
    316
    269
    265
    220
    179

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    478
    394

    9.8
    8.1

    338
    288

    140
    106

    North Dakota
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    642
    639
    653
    618
    632
    620
    642
    681
    647
    577

    9.3
    9.3
    9.5
    8.9
    9.1
    8.8
    9.2
    9.7
    9.2
    8.2

    593
    604
    626
    599
    620
    608
    631
    672
    640
    570

    4
    4
    3
    2
    1

    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    1

    1900 .................................................................
    1890 .................................................................
    1880 9 ...............................................................
    1870 9 ...............................................................
    1860 9 ...............................................................

    319
    191
    37
    2
    5

    4.5
    2.7
    0.9
    0.1
    (5)

    312
    182
    133
    13
    3

    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    -

    Ohio
    2000
    1990
    1980
    1970
    1960
    1950
    1940
    1930
    1920
    1910

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    11 353
    10 847
    10 798
    10 652
    9 706
    7 947
    6 908
    6 647
    5 759
    4 767

    277.3
    264.9
    263.7
    260.0
    236.6
    193.8
    168.0
    161.6
    141.4
    117.0

    9 645
    9 522
    9 597
    9 647
    8 910
    7 428
    6 567
    6 335
    5 572
    4 655

    1 301
    1 155
    1 077
    970
    786
    513
    339
    309
    186
    111

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    4 158
    3 672
    3 198
    2 665
    2 340
    1 980
    1 519
    938
    581
    231

    102.1
    90.1
    78.5
    65.4
    57.4
    48.6
    37.3
    23.3
    14.5
    5.7

    4 060
    3 585
    3 118
    2 602
    2 303
    1 955
    1 502
    928
    577
    229

    97
    87
    80
    63
    37
    25
    17
    10
    5
    2

    1800 .................................................................

    45

    1.1

    45

    3Less than 500.


    5Less than 1/10 of a person.
    8Includes 5,602 persons for whom sex, race
    9North and South Dakota comprised Dakota

    - = Quantity zero.

    and age detail are not available.


    Territory. Population per square mile, sex and age detail for South Dakota included with North Dakota.

    (3)

    SECTION 2: POPULATION

    41

    Table 2-9Series A 195-209. Population of States, by Race, 17902000Continued


    (Number in thousands, except population per square mile.)
    Resident population

    Race

    Year
    Total

    Per square mile of land area

    White

    Black

    Oklahoma
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    3 451
    3 146
    3 025
    2 559
    2 328
    2 233
    2 336
    2 396
    2 028
    1 657

    50.3
    45.8
    44.0
    37.2
    33.8
    32.4
    33.7
    34.6
    29.2
    23.9

    2 628
    2 584
    2 598
    2 280
    2 108
    2 033
    2 104
    2 131
    1 821
    1 445

    261
    234
    205
    172
    153
    146
    169
    172
    149
    138

    1900 .................................................................
    1890 .................................................................

    790
    259

    11.4
    3.7

    670
    173

    56
    22

    Oregon
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    3 421
    2 842
    2 633
    2 091
    1 769
    1 521
    1 090
    954
    783
    673

    35.6
    29.6
    27.4
    21.7
    18.4
    15.8
    11.3
    9.9
    8.2
    7.0

    2 962
    2 637
    2 491
    2 032
    1 732
    1 497
    1 076
    939
    769
    655

    56
    46
    37
    26
    18
    12
    3
    2
    2
    1

    1900 .................................................................
    1890 .................................................................
    1880 .................................................................
    1870 .................................................................
    1860 .................................................................
    1850 10 .............................................................

    414
    318
    175
    91
    52
    12

    Pennsylvania
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    12 281
    11 882
    11 864
    11 794
    11 319
    10 498
    9 900
    9 631
    8 720
    7 665

    274.0
    265.1
    264.7
    262.3
    251.4
    233.1
    219.8
    213.8
    194.5
    171.0

    10 484
    10 520
    10 652
    10 738
    10 454
    9 854
    9 427
    9 196
    8 433
    7 468

    1 225
    1 090
    1 047
    1 017
    853
    638
    470
    431
    285
    194

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    6 302
    5 258
    4 283
    3 522
    2 906
    2 312
    1 724
    1 348
    1 049
    810

    140.6
    117.3
    95.5
    78.6
    64.8
    51.6
    38.5
    30.1
    23.4
    18.1

    6 142
    5 148
    4 197
    3 457
    2 849
    2 258
    1 676
    1 310
    1 017
    787

    157
    108
    86
    65
    57
    54
    48
    38
    30
    23

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    602
    434

    13.4
    9.7

    586
    424

    16
    10

    Rhode Island
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    1 048
    1 003
    947
    947
    859
    792
    713
    687
    604
    543

    1 003.2
    960.3
    906.4
    902.5
    819.3
    748.5
    674.2
    649.8
    566.4
    508.5

    891
    917
    897
    915
    839
    777
    702
    677
    594
    532

    47
    39
    28
    25
    18
    14
    11
    10
    10
    10

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    429
    346
    277
    217
    175
    148
    109
    97
    83
    77

    401.6
    323.8
    259.2
    203.7
    163.7
    138.3
    102.0
    91.1
    77.8
    72.1

    419
    338
    270
    212
    171
    144
    106
    94
    79
    73

    9
    7
    6
    5
    4
    4
    3
    4
    4
    4

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    69
    69

    64.8
    64.5

    65
    65

    4
    4

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    3Less than 500.


    5Less than 1/10 of a person.
    10Population total of those parts

    4.3
    3.3
    1.8
    1.0
    0.5
    (5)

    395
    302
    163
    87
    52
    13

    1
    1
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)

    of Oregon Territory taken to form part of Washington Territory in 1853 and 1859 excluded from Oregon included under Washington. Population per square mile,
    sex, race and age detail for Washington included with Oregon.

    42

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 2-9Series A 195-209. Population of States, by Race, 17902000Continued


    (Number in thousands, except population per square mile.)
    Resident population

    Race

    Year
    Total

    Per square mile of land area

    White

    Black

    South Carolina
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    4 012
    3 487
    3 122
    2 591
    2 383
    2 117
    1 900
    1 739
    1 684
    1 515

    133.2
    115.8
    103.7
    85.7
    78.7
    69.9
    62.1
    56.8
    55.2
    49.7

    2 696
    2 407
    2 147
    1 794
    1 551
    1 293
    1 084
    944
    819
    679

    1 185
    1 040
    949
    789
    829
    822
    814
    794
    865
    836

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1 340
    1 151
    996
    706
    704
    669
    594
    581
    503
    415

    44.0
    37.7
    32.6
    23.1
    23.1
    21.9
    19.5
    19.1
    16.5
    13.6

    558
    462
    391
    290
    291
    275
    259
    258
    237
    214

    782
    689
    604
    416
    412
    394
    335
    323
    265
    201

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    346
    249

    11.3
    8.2

    196
    140

    149
    109

    South Dakota
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    755
    696
    691
    666
    681
    653
    643
    693
    637
    584

    9.9
    9.2
    9.1
    8.8
    9.0
    8.5
    8.4
    9.1
    8.3
    7.6

    669
    638
    640
    630
    653
    629
    619
    670
    619
    564

    5
    3
    2
    2
    1
    1

    (3)
    1
    1
    1

    1900 .................................................................
    1890 .................................................................
    1880 9 ...............................................................
    1870 9 ...............................................................
    1860 9 ...............................................................

    402
    349
    98
    12
    ...

    5.2
    4.5
    ...
    ...
    ...

    381
    328
    97
    11
    ...

    (3)
    1
    (3)
    (3)
    ...

    Tennessee
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    5 689
    4 877
    4 591
    3 924
    3 567
    3 292
    2 916
    2 617
    2 338
    2 185

    138.0
    118.3
    111.4
    94.9
    86.2
    78.8
    69.5
    62.4
    56.1
    52.4

    4 563
    4 048
    3 835
    3 294
    2 978
    2 760
    2 407
    2 139
    1 886
    1 711

    933
    778
    726
    621
    587
    531
    509
    478
    452
    473

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2 021
    1 768
    1 542
    1 259
    1 110
    1 003
    829
    682
    423
    262

    48.5
    42.4
    37.0
    30.2
    26.6
    24.1
    19.9
    16.4
    10.1
    6.3

    1 540
    1 337
    1 139
    936
    827
    757
    641
    536
    340
    216

    480
    431
    403
    322
    283
    246
    189
    146
    83
    46

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    106
    36

    2.5
    0.8

    92
    32

    14
    4

    Texas
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    20 852
    16 987
    14 229
    11 197
    9 580
    7 711
    6 415
    5 825
    4 663
    3 897

    79.6
    64.9
    54.3
    42.7
    36.4
    29.3
    24.3
    22.1
    17.8
    14.8

    14 800
    12 775
    11 198
    9 717
    8 375
    6 727
    5 488
    4 967
    3 918
    3 205

    2 405
    2 022
    1 710
    1 399
    1 187
    977
    924
    855
    742
    690

    3 049
    2 236
    1 592
    819
    604
    213

    11.6
    8.5
    6.1
    3.1
    2.3
    0.8

    2 427
    1 746
    1 197
    565
    421
    154

    621
    488
    393
    253
    183
    59

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    3Less than 500.


    9North and South

    Dakota comprised Dakota Territory. Population per square mile, sex and age detail for South Dakota included with North Dakota.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 2: POPULATION

    43

    Table 2-9Series A 195-209. Population of States, by Race, 17902000Continued


    (Number in thousands, except population per square mile.)
    Resident population

    Race

    Year
    Total

    Per square mile of land area

    Utah
    2000
    1990
    1980
    1970
    1960
    1950
    1940
    1930
    1920
    1910

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2 233
    1 723
    1 461
    1 059
    891
    689
    550
    508
    449
    373

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    277
    211
    144
    87
    40
    11

    Vermont
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    609
    563
    511
    444
    390
    378
    359
    360
    352
    356

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840
    1830
    1820
    1810

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    27.2
    21.0
    17.8
    12.9
    10.8
    8.4
    6.7
    6.2
    5.5
    4.5

    Black

    1 993
    1 616
    1 383
    1 032
    874
    677
    543
    500
    442
    367

    18
    12
    9
    7
    4
    3
    1
    1
    1
    1

    272
    206
    142
    86
    40
    11

    1
    1
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)

    65.8
    60.8
    55.3
    47.9
    42.0
    40.7
    38.7
    38.8
    38.6
    39.0

    589
    555
    507
    443
    389
    377
    359
    359
    352
    354

    3
    2
    1
    1
    1

    (3)
    (3)
    1
    1
    2

    344
    332
    332
    331
    315
    314
    292
    281
    236
    218

    37.7
    36.4
    36.4
    36.2
    34.5
    34.4
    32.0
    30.8
    25.9
    23.9

    343
    331
    331
    330
    314
    313
    291
    280
    235
    217

    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1

    1800 .................................................................
    1790 .................................................................

    154
    85

    16.9
    9.4

    154
    85

    1
    (3)

    Virginia
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    7 079
    6 187
    5 347
    4 648
    3 967
    3 319
    2 678
    2 422
    2 309
    2 062

    178.8
    156.3
    135.0
    116.9
    99.6
    83.2
    67.1
    60.7
    57.4
    51.2

    5 120
    4 792
    4 230
    3 762
    3 142
    2 582
    2 016
    1 770
    1 618
    1 390

    1 390
    1 163
    1 009
    861
    816
    734
    661
    650
    690
    671

    1900 .................................................................
    1890 .................................................................
    1880 .................................................................
    1870 .................................................................
    1860 11 .............................................................
    1850 11 .............................................................
    1840 11 .............................................................
    1830 11 .............................................................
    1820 11 .............................................................
    1810 11 .............................................................

    1 854
    1 656
    1 513
    1 225
    1 220
    1 119
    1 025
    1 044
    938
    878

    46.1
    41.1
    37.6
    30.4
    24.8
    22.1
    19.3
    18.9
    16.6
    15.2

    1 193
    1 020
    881
    712
    1 047
    895
    748
    701
    610
    557

    661
    635
    632
    513
    549
    527
    502
    520
    465
    426

    1800 11 .............................................................
    1790 11 .............................................................

    808
    692

    13.7
    11.6

    518
    442

    367
    306

    Washington
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    5 894
    4 867
    4 132
    3 409
    2 853
    2 379
    1 736
    1 563
    1 357
    1 142

    88.6
    73.1
    62.1
    51.2
    42.8
    35.6
    25.9
    23.3
    20.3
    17.1

    4 821
    4 309
    3 779
    3 251
    2 752
    2 316
    1 698
    1 522
    1 320
    1 109

    190
    150
    106
    71
    49
    31
    7
    7
    7
    6

    1900 .................................................................
    1890 .................................................................
    1880 .................................................................
    1870 .................................................................
    1860 12 .............................................................
    1850 10 .............................................................

    518
    357
    75
    24
    12
    1

    7.8
    5.3
    1.1
    0.4
    0.1
    ...

    496
    341
    67
    22
    11
    ...

    3Less than 500.


    5Less than 1/10 of a person.
    10Population total of those parts

    3.4
    2.6
    1.8
    1.1
    0.3
    (5)

    White

    3
    2
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    ...

    of Oregon Territory taken to form part of Washington Territory in 1853 and 1859 excluded from Oregon included under Washington. Population per square mile,
    sex, race and age detail for Washington included with Oregon.
    Virginia.

    11Sex, race and age detail for West Virginia, 17901860, included with
    12Includes population of Idaho and parts of Montana and Wyoming.

    . . . = Not available.

    44

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 2-9Series A 195-209. Population of States, by Race, 17902000Continued


    (Number in thousands, except population per square mile.)
    Resident population

    Race

    Year
    Total

    Per square mile of land area

    White

    Black

    West Virginia
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    1 808
    1 793
    1 950
    1 744
    1 860
    2 006
    1 902
    1 729
    1 464
    1 221

    75.1
    74.5
    80.9
    72.5
    77.2
    83.3
    79.0
    71.8
    60.9
    50.8

    1 719
    1 726
    1 875
    1 673
    1 770
    1 890
    1 784
    1 614
    1 377
    1 157

    57
    56
    65
    67
    89
    115
    118
    115
    86
    64

    1900 .................................................................
    1890 .................................................................
    1880 .................................................................
    1870 .................................................................
    1860 11 .............................................................
    1850 11 .............................................................
    1840 11 .............................................................
    1830 11 .............................................................
    1820 11 .............................................................
    1810 11 .............................................................

    959
    763
    618
    442
    377
    302
    225
    177
    137
    105

    39.9
    31.8
    25.7
    18.4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    915
    730
    593
    424
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    43
    33
    26
    18
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1800 11 .............................................................
    1790 11 .............................................................

    79
    56

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    Wisconsin
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    5 364
    4 892
    4 706
    4 418
    3 952
    3 435
    3 138
    2 939
    2 632
    2 334

    98.8
    90.1
    86.6
    81.1
    72.6
    62.8
    57.3
    53.7
    47.6
    42.2

    4 770
    4 513
    4 443
    4 259
    3 859
    3 393
    3 113
    2 916
    2 617
    2 321

    304
    245
    183
    128
    75
    28
    12
    11
    5
    3

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870
    1860
    1850
    1840

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2 069
    1 693
    1 315
    1 055
    776
    305
    31

    37.4
    30.6
    23.8
    19.1
    14.0
    5.5
    0.4

    2 058
    1 681
    1 310
    1 051
    774
    305
    31

    3
    2
    3
    2
    1
    1

    Wyoming
    2000 .................................................................
    1990 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................
    1970 .................................................................
    1960 .................................................................
    1950 .................................................................
    1940 .................................................................
    1930 .................................................................
    1920 .................................................................
    1910 .................................................................

    494
    454
    470
    332
    330
    291
    251
    226
    194
    146

    5.1
    4.7
    4.8
    3.4
    3.4
    3.0
    2.6
    2.3
    2.0
    1.5

    455
    427
    446
    323
    323
    284
    247
    221
    190
    140

    4
    4
    3
    3
    2
    3
    1
    1
    1
    2

    93
    63
    21
    9

    0.9
    0.6
    0.2
    0.1

    89
    59
    19
    9

    1
    1
    (3)
    (3)

    1900
    1890
    1880
    1870

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    3Less than 500.


    11Sex, race and

    age detail for West Virginia, 17901860, included with Virginia.


    . . . = Not available.

    (3)

    SECTION 2: POPULATION

    45

    Table 2-10Series A 335-349. Households, by Number of Persons, 17902002


    (Number in thousands, percent.)
    Year

    Number of
    households

    Size of household
    1 person

    2 persons

    3 person

    4 persons

    5 person

    6 persons

    7 or more persons

    2002 ............................................
    2001 1 .........................................

    109 297
    108 209

    28 775
    28 207

    36 240
    35 917

    17 742
    17 444

    15 794
    15 692

    6 948
    6 978

    2 438
    2 555

    1 360
    1 415

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................
    1992 ............................................
    1991 ............................................

    104 705
    103 874
    102 528
    101 018
    99 627
    98 990
    97 107
    96 391
    95 669
    94 312

    26 724
    26 606
    26 327
    25 402
    24 900
    24 732
    23 611
    23 642
    23 974
    23 590

    34 666
    34 262
    32 965
    32 736
    32 526
    31 834
    31 211
    31 175
    30 734
    30 181

    17 172
    17 386
    17 331
    17 065
    16 724
    16 827
    16 898
    16 895
    16 398
    16 082

    15 309
    15 030
    15 358
    15 396
    15 118
    15 321
    15 073
    14 926
    14 710
    14 556

    6 981
    6 962
    7 048
    6 774
    6 631
    6 616
    6 749
    6 357
    6 389
    6 206

    2 445
    2 367
    2 232
    2 311
    2 357
    2 279
    2 186
    2 180
    2 126
    2 237

    1 428
    1 261
    1 267
    1 334
    1 372
    1 382
    1 379
    1 215
    1 338
    1 459

    1990 ............................................
    1989 ............................................
    1988 ............................................
    1987 ............................................
    1986 ............................................
    1985 ............................................
    1984 ............................................
    1983 ............................................
    1982 ............................................
    1981 ............................................

    93 347
    92 830
    91 066
    89 479
    88 458
    86 789
    85 407
    83 918
    83 527
    82 368

    22 999
    22 708
    21 889
    21 128
    21 178
    20 602
    19 954
    19 250
    19 354
    18 936

    30 114
    29 976
    29 295
    28 602
    27 732
    27 389
    26 890
    26 439
    26 486
    25 787

    16 128
    16 276
    16 163
    16 159
    16 088
    15 465
    15 134
    14 793
    14 617
    14 569

    14 456
    14 550
    14 143
    13 984
    13 774
    13 631
    13 593
    13 303
    12 868
    12 768

    6 213
    6 232
    6 081
    6 162
    6 276
    6 108
    6 070
    6 105
    6 103
    6 117

    2 143
    2 003
    2 176
    2 176
    2 138
    2 299
    2 372
    2 460
    2 480
    2 549

    1 295
    1 084
    1 320
    1 268
    1 272
    1 296
    1 394
    1 568
    1 619
    1 643

    1980 ............................................
    1979 ............................................
    1978 ............................................
    1977 ............................................
    1976 ............................................
    1975 ............................................
    1974 ............................................
    1973 ............................................
    1972 ............................................
    1971 ............................................

    80 776
    77 330
    76 030
    74 142
    72 867
    71 120
    69 859
    68 251
    66 676
    64 778

    18 296
    17 201
    16 715
    15 532
    14 983
    13 939
    13 368
    12 635
    12 189
    11 446

    25 327
    23 928
    23 334
    22 775
    22 321
    21 753
    21 495
    20 632
    19 482
    18 892

    14 130
    13 392
    13 040
    12 794
    12 520
    12 384
    11 913
    11 804
    11 542
    11 071

    12 666
    12 274
    11 955
    11 630
    11 407
    11 103
    10 900
    10 739
    10 679
    10 059

    6 059
    6 187
    6 356
    6 285
    6 268
    6 399
    6 469
    6 426
    6 431
    6 640

    2 519
    2 573
    2 723
    2 864
    3 001
    3 059
    3 063
    3 245
    3 374
    3 435

    1 778
    1 774
    1 906
    2 263
    2 367
    2 484
    2 651
    2 769
    2 979
    3 234

    1970 ............................................
    1969 ............................................
    1968 ............................................
    1967 ............................................
    1966 ............................................
    1965 ............................................
    1964 ............................................
    1963 ............................................
    1962 ............................................
    1961 ............................................

    63 401
    62 214
    60 813
    59 236
    58 406
    57 436
    56 149
    55 270
    54 764
    53 557

    10 851
    10 401
    9 802
    9 200
    9 093
    8 631
    7 821
    7 501
    7 473
    7 112

    18 333
    18 034
    17 377
    16 770
    16 679
    16 119
    15 622
    15 279
    15 461
    15 185

    10 949
    10 769
    10 577
    10 403
    9 993
    10 263
    10 034
    9 989
    10 077
    9 780

    9 991
    9 778
    9 623
    9 559
    9 465
    9 269
    9 565
    9 445
    9 347
    9 390

    6 548
    6 387
    6 319
    6 276
    6 257
    6 313
    6 328
    6 240
    6 016
    6 052

    3 534
    3 557
    3 627
    3 491
    3 465
    3 327
    3 373
    3 473
    3 368
    3 085

    3 195
    3 288
    3 488
    3 550
    3 465
    3 514
    3 405
    3 342
    3 022
    2 953

    1960* ..........................................
    1959 ............................................
    1958 ............................................
    1957 ............................................
    1956 ............................................
    1955 ............................................
    1954 ............................................
    1953 2 .........................................
    1952 3 .........................................
    1951 3 .........................................

    52 799
    51 302
    50 402
    49 543
    48 785
    47 788
    46 893
    46 828
    45 464
    44 564

    6 917
    6 317
    6 078
    5 451
    5 396
    5 212
    5 032
    6 148
    5 388
    ...

    14 678
    14 538
    14 303
    14 274
    13 827
    13 612
    13 249
    13 530
    13 460
    ...

    9 979
    9 788
    9 715
    9 743
    9 936
    9 725
    9 776
    9 868
    9 908
    ...

    9 293
    9 123
    8 933
    9 096
    9 152
    9 052
    8 820
    8 300
    8 106
    ...

    6 072
    5 793
    5 609
    5 487
    5 287
    5 291
    5 170
    4 658
    4 378
    ...

    3 010
    2 948
    3 002
    2 848
    2 624
    2 568
    2 521
    2 332
    2 142
    ...

    2 851
    2 795
    2 762
    2 644
    2 563
    2 328
    2 325
    1 992
    2 082
    ...

    1950 2 .........................................
    1940 3 .........................................
    1930 3 .........................................

    43 468
    34 949
    29 905

    4 737
    2 481
    2 357

    12 529
    8 667
    6 983

    9 808
    7 829
    6 227

    7 729
    6 326
    5 235

    4 357
    4 019
    3 574

    2 196
    2 377
    2 273

    2 113
    3 250
    3 255

    1900 ............................................
    1890 4 .........................................
    1790 ............................................

    15 964
    12 690
    558

    814
    457
    21

    2 395
    1 675
    44

    2 810
    2 119
    65

    2 698
    2 132
    77

    2 267
    1 916
    78

    1 740
    1 472
    74

    3 257
    2 919
    200

    1Data for March 2001 and later use population controls based on Census 2000.
    2Covers related persons only; therefore, not strictly comparable with other years.
    3As of April.
    4As of June; includes a small number of quasi-households.

    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.


    . . . = Not available.

    46

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 2-10Series A 335-349. Households, by Number of Persons, 17902002Continued


    (Number in thousands, percent.)
    Percent distribution of number of households
    Year
    1 person

    2 persons

    3 person

    4 persons

    5 person

    6 persons

    7 or more persons

    2002 ............................................
    2001 1 .........................................

    26.3
    26.1

    33.2
    33.2

    16.2
    16.1

    14.5
    14.5

    6.4
    6.4

    2.2
    2.4

    1.2
    1.3

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................
    1992 ............................................
    1991 ............................................

    25.5
    25.6
    25.7
    25.1
    25.0
    25.0
    24.3
    24.5
    25.1
    25.0

    33.1
    33.0
    32.2
    32.4
    32.6
    32.2
    32.1
    32.3
    32.1
    32.0

    16.4
    16.7
    16.9
    16.9
    16.8
    17.0
    17.4
    17.5
    17.1
    17.1

    14.6
    14.5
    15.0
    15.2
    15.2
    15.5
    15.5
    15.5
    15.4
    15.4

    6.7
    6.7
    6.9
    6.7
    6.7
    6.7
    7.0
    6.6
    6.7
    6.6

    2.3
    2.3
    2.2
    2.3
    2.4
    2.3
    2.3
    2.3
    2.2
    2.4

    1.4
    1.2
    1.2
    1.3
    1.4
    1.4
    1.4
    1.3
    1.4
    1.5

    1990 ............................................
    1989 ............................................
    1988 ............................................
    1987 ............................................
    1986 ............................................
    1985 ............................................
    1984 ............................................
    1983 ............................................
    1982 ............................................
    1981 ............................................

    24.6
    24.5
    24.0
    23.6
    23.9
    23.7
    23.4
    22.9
    23.2
    23.0

    32.3
    32.3
    32.2
    32.0
    31.4
    31.6
    31.5
    31.5
    31.7
    31.3

    17.3
    17.5
    17.7
    18.1
    18.2
    17.8
    17.7
    17.6
    17.5
    17.7

    15.5
    15.7
    15.5
    15.6
    15.6
    15.7
    15.9
    15.9
    15.4
    15.5

    6.7
    6.7
    6.7
    6.9
    7.1
    7.0
    7.1
    7.3
    7.3
    7.4

    2.3
    2.2
    2.4
    2.4
    2.4
    2.6
    2.8
    2.9
    3.0
    3.1

    1.4
    1.2
    1.4
    1.4
    1.4
    1.5
    1.6
    1.9
    1.9
    2.0

    1980 ............................................
    1979 ............................................
    1978 ............................................
    1977 ............................................
    1976 ............................................
    1975 ............................................
    1974 ............................................
    1973 ............................................
    1972 ............................................
    1971 ............................................

    22.7
    22.2
    22.0
    20.9
    20.6
    19.6
    19.1
    18.5
    18.3
    17.7

    31.4
    30.9
    30.7
    30.7
    30.6
    30.6
    30.8
    30.2
    29.2
    29.2

    17.5
    17.3
    17.2
    17.3
    17.2
    17.4
    17.1
    17.3
    17.3
    17.1

    15.7
    15.9
    15.7
    15.7
    15.7
    15.6
    15.6
    15.7
    16.0
    15.5

    7.5
    8.0
    8.4
    8.5
    8.6
    9.0
    9.3
    9.4
    9.6
    10.3

    3.1
    3.3
    3.6
    3.9
    4.1
    4.3
    4.4
    4.8
    5.1
    5.3

    2.2
    2.3
    2.5
    3.1
    3.2
    3.5
    3.8
    4.1
    4.5
    5.0

    1970 ............................................
    1969 ............................................
    1968 ............................................
    1967 ............................................
    1966 ............................................
    1965 ............................................
    1964 ............................................
    1963 ............................................
    1962 ............................................
    1961 ............................................

    17.1
    16.7
    16.1
    15.5
    15.6
    15.0
    13.9
    13.6
    13.6
    13.3

    28.9
    29.0
    28.6
    28.3
    28.6
    28.1
    27.8
    27.6
    28.2
    28.4

    17.3
    17.3
    17.4
    17.6
    17.1
    17.9
    17.9
    18.1
    18.4
    18.3

    15.8
    15.7
    15.8
    16.1
    16.2
    16.1
    17.0
    17.1
    17.1
    17.5

    10.3
    10.3
    10.4
    10.6
    10.7
    11.0
    11.3
    11.3
    11.0
    11.3

    5.6
    5.7
    6.0
    5.9
    5.9
    5.8
    6.0
    6.3
    6.2
    5.8

    5.0
    5.3
    5.7
    6.0
    5.9
    6.1
    6.1
    6.0
    5.5
    5.5

    1960* ..........................................
    1959 ............................................
    1958 ............................................
    1957 ............................................
    1956 ............................................
    1955 ............................................
    1954 ............................................
    1953 2 .........................................
    1952 3 .........................................
    1951 3 .........................................

    13.1
    12.3
    12.1
    11.0
    11.1
    10.9
    10.7
    13.1
    11.9
    ...

    27.8
    28.4
    28.4
    28.8
    28.3
    28.5
    28.3
    28.9
    29.6
    ...

    18.9
    19.1
    19.3
    19.7
    20.4
    20.4
    20.8
    21.1
    21.8
    ...

    17.6
    17.8
    17.7
    18.4
    18.8
    18.9
    18.8
    17.7
    17.8
    ...

    11.5
    11.3
    11.1
    11.1
    10.8
    11.1
    11.0
    9.9
    9.6
    ...

    5.7
    5.7
    6.0
    5.7
    5.4
    5.4
    5.4
    5.0
    4.7
    ...

    5.4
    5.4
    5.5
    5.3
    5.3
    4.9
    5.0
    4.3
    4.6
    ...

    1950 2 .........................................
    1940 3 .........................................
    1930 3 .........................................

    10.9
    7.1
    7.9

    28.8
    24.8
    23.4

    22.6
    22.4
    20.8

    17.8
    18.1
    17.5

    10.0
    11.5
    12.0

    5.1
    6.8
    7.6

    4.9
    9.3
    10.9

    1900 ............................................
    1890 4 .........................................
    1790 ............................................

    5.1
    3.6
    3.7

    15.0
    13.2
    7.8

    17.6
    16.7
    11.7

    16.9
    16.8
    13.8

    14.2
    15.1
    13.9

    10.9
    11.6
    13.2

    20.4
    23.0
    35.8

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau.


    1Data for March 2001 and later use population controls based on Census 2000.
    2Covers related persons only; therefore, not strictly comparable with other years.
    3As of April.
    4As of June; includes a small number of quasi-households.

    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.


    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 2: POPULATION

    47

    Table 2-11. Components of Population Change, 19902050


    (Number in thousands, percent.)
    Net increase
    Year

    Births

    Deaths

    Net international migration

    Population 1
    Total

    Percent

    Number

    Rate per 1,000

    Number

    Rate per 1,000

    Number

    Rate per 1,000

    Projections
    2050 ............................................
    2040 ............................................
    2030 ............................................
    2020 ............................................
    2010 ............................................

    419 854 000


    391 946 000
    363 584 000
    335 805 000
    308 936 000

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Estimates
    2003 ............................................
    2002 ............................................
    2001 ............................................

    290 809 777


    287 973 924
    285 093 813

    2 835 853
    2 880 111
    2 916 059

    1.0
    1.0
    1.0

    402 653
    402 266
    404 731

    14.0
    14.1
    14.3

    247 680
    243 229
    241 927

    8.6
    8.5
    8.6

    128 611
    128 974
    128 802

    4.5
    4.5
    4.6

    2000 Census ..............................


    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................
    1992 ............................................
    1991 ............................................

    282 177 754


    272 690 813
    270 248 003
    267 783 607
    265 228 572
    262 803 276
    260 327 021
    257 782 608
    255 029 699
    252 153 092

    ...
    2 442 810
    2 464 396
    2 555 035
    2 425 296
    2 476 255
    2 544 413
    2 752 909
    2 876 607
    2 688 696

    ...
    0.9
    0.9
    1.0
    0.9
    0.9
    1.0
    1.1
    1.1
    1.1

    ...
    393 847
    390 554
    389 243
    388 196
    392 665
    397 113
    402 712
    410 568
    413 326

    ...
    14.4
    14.5
    14.5
    14.6
    14.9
    15.3
    15.6
    16.1
    16.4

    ...
    234 457
    231 979
    232 193
    231 791
    228 436
    228 285
    222 602
    218 011
    213 890

    ...
    8.6
    8.6
    8.7
    8.7
    8.7
    8.8
    8.6
    8.5
    8.5

    ...
    851 541
    853 819
    939 450
    864 269
    784 716
    764 208
    825 880
    773 452
    649 430

    ...
    3.1
    3.2
    3.5
    3.3
    3.0
    2.9
    3.2
    3.0
    2.6

    1990 Census ..............................

    248 790 925

    ...

    ...

    ...

    ...

    ...

    ...

    ...

    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau.


    1Population is estimated as of July 1 of the year shown, except that the 1990 and 2000 Census populations are as enumerated on April 1.
    . . . = Not available.

    48

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 2-12. Population of Major North American Cities, 17501980


    (Number in thousands.)
    Year

    1750

    1790

    1800

    1810

    1820

    1830

    1840

    1850

    1860

    1870

    1880

    1890

    1910

    1920

    1930

    Akron ......................................
    Albany .....................................
    Albuquerque ...........................
    Allentown ................................
    Anaheim .................................
    Atlanta ....................................
    Austin ......................................
    Baltimore ................................
    Birmingham ............................
    Boston ....................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    16

    ...
    3
    ...
    4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    14
    ...
    18

    ...
    5
    ...
    4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    26
    ...
    25

    ...
    11
    ...
    4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    36
    ...
    33

    ...
    13
    ...
    5
    ...
    ...
    ...
    63
    ...
    43

    ...
    24
    ...
    6
    ...
    ...
    ...
    81
    ...
    61

    ...
    34
    ...
    8
    ...
    ...
    ...
    102
    ...
    93

    3
    51
    ...
    10
    ...
    3
    1
    169
    ...
    137

    3
    62
    ...
    8
    ...
    10
    2
    212
    ...
    178

    10
    69
    ...
    14
    ...
    22
    4
    267
    ...
    251

    17
    91
    ...
    18
    1
    37
    11
    332
    3
    363

    28
    95
    4
    25
    1
    66
    15
    434
    26
    448

    69
    100
    11
    52
    3
    155
    30
    558
    133
    671

    208
    113
    15
    74
    6
    201
    35
    734
    179
    748

    255
    127
    27
    93
    11
    270
    53
    805
    260
    781

    Buffalo ....................................
    Charleston ..............................
    Charlotte .................................
    Chicago ..................................
    Cincinnati ................................
    Cleveland ................................
    Columbus ...............................
    Corpus Christi .........................
    Dallas ......................................
    Dayton ....................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    16
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    19
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    25
    ...
    ...
    3
    3
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2
    25
    ...
    ...
    10
    10
    ...
    ...
    ...
    1

    9
    30
    ...
    ...
    25
    25
    2
    ...
    ...
    3

    18
    29
    ...
    4
    46
    6
    6
    ...
    ...
    6

    42
    43
    1
    30
    115
    17
    18
    ...
    ...
    11

    81
    41
    1
    109
    161
    43
    19
    ...
    ...
    20

    118
    49
    4
    299
    216
    93
    31
    3
    ...
    30

    155
    50
    7
    503
    255
    160
    52
    4
    10
    39

    256
    55
    12
    1 100
    297
    261
    88
    4
    38
    61

    424
    59
    34
    2 185
    364
    561
    182
    8
    92
    117

    507
    68
    46
    2 702
    401
    797
    237
    11
    159
    153

    Denver ....................................
    Des Moines .............................
    Detroit .....................................
    El Paso ...................................
    Fall River ................................
    Ft Lauderdale .........................
    Fort Worth ...............................
    Gary ........................................
    Grand Rapids .........................
    Greensboro .............................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    1
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    1
    ...
    2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    2
    ...
    4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    9
    ...
    7
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    1
    21
    ...
    12
    ...
    ...
    ...
    3
    ...

    ...
    4
    46
    ...
    14
    ...
    ...
    ...
    8
    ...

    5
    12
    80
    ...
    27
    ...
    ...
    ...
    17
    ...

    36
    22
    116
    1
    49
    ...
    7
    ...
    32
    2

    107
    50
    206
    10
    74
    ...
    23
    ...
    60
    3

    213
    86
    466
    39
    119
    ...
    73
    17
    113
    16

    Hartford ...................................
    Houston ..................................
    Indianapolis ............................
    Jacksonville ............................
    Jersey City ..............................
    Kansas City ............................
    Long Beach ............................
    Los Angeles ............................
    Louisville .................................
    Memphis .................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    5
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    1
    ...

    5
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    4
    ...

    7
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    10
    ...

    9
    ...
    3
    ...
    3
    ...
    ...
    ...
    21
    ...

    18
    2
    8
    1
    7
    ...
    ...
    2
    43
    9

    29
    5
    19
    2
    29
    4
    ...
    4
    68
    23

    37
    9
    48
    7
    83
    32
    ...
    6
    101
    40

    42
    17
    75
    8
    121
    56
    ...
    11
    124
    34

    53
    28
    105
    17
    163
    133
    1
    50
    161
    64

    Miami ......................................
    Milwaukee ...............................
    Minneapolis ............................
    Nashville .................................
    Newark ...................................
    New Orleans ...........................
    New York ................................
    Norfolk ....................................
    Oakland ..................................
    Oklahoma City ........................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    3
    22
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    5
    33
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    8
    60
    7
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    17
    96
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    7
    27
    131
    8
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    6
    11
    46
    218
    10
    ...
    ...

    ...
    2
    ...
    7
    17
    102
    349
    11
    ...
    ...

    ...
    20
    ...
    10
    39
    116
    696
    14
    ...
    ...

    ...
    45
    3
    17
    72
    169
    1 175
    15
    2
    ...

    ...
    71
    13
    26
    115
    191
    1 478
    19
    11
    ...

    ...
    116
    47
    43
    137
    216
    1 912
    22
    35
    ...

    Omaha ....................................
    Paterson .................................
    Philadelphia ............................
    Phoenix ...................................
    Pittsburgh ...............................
    Portland ..................................
    Providence ..............................
    Richmond ...............................
    Rochester ...............................
    Sacramento ............................

    ...
    ...
    12
    ...
    ...
    ...
    3
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    43
    ...
    ...
    ...
    6
    4
    2
    ...

    ...
    ...
    69
    ...
    2
    ...
    8
    6
    2
    ...

    ...
    ...
    95
    ...
    5
    ...
    10
    10
    2
    ...

    ...
    1
    119
    ...
    7
    ...
    12
    12
    2
    ...

    ...
    ...
    161
    ...
    18
    ...
    17
    16
    9
    ...

    ...
    8
    206
    ...
    31
    ...
    23
    20
    20
    ...

    ...
    11
    340
    ...
    68
    1
    42
    28
    36
    7

    2
    20
    566
    ...
    78
    3
    51
    38
    48
    14

    16
    34
    674
    ...
    139
    8
    69
    51
    62
    16

    St. Louis ..................................


    St. Paul ...................................
    St. Petersburg .........................
    Salt Lake City .........................
    San Antonio ............................
    San Bernardino .......................
    San Diego ...............................
    San Francisco .........................
    San Jose .................................
    Seattle ....................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    7
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    16
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    78
    1
    ...
    10
    3
    ...
    ...
    35
    4
    ...

    161
    10
    ...
    8
    8
    1
    1
    57
    ...
    ...

    Springfield ...............................
    Syracuse .................................
    Tampa ....................................
    Toledo .....................................
    Tucson ....................................
    Tulsa .......................................
    Virginia Beach ........................
    Washington, D.C. ...................
    Wichita ....................................
    Worcester ...............................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    2

    2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    3
    ...
    2

    3
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    8
    ...
    3

    4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    13
    ...
    3

    7
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    18
    ...
    4

    11
    7
    ...
    1
    ...
    ...
    ...
    23
    ...
    7

    12
    22
    1
    4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    40
    ...
    17

    Yonkers ..................................
    Youngstown ............................

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    3

    . . . = Not available.

    1940

    1950

    1960

    1970

    1980

    339
    410
    466
    514
    69
    146
    397
    438
    15
    104
    518
    672
    111
    161
    10083 1 337
    460
    559
    2 178 2 370

    605
    715
    276
    545
    704
    1 169
    232
    1 804
    747
    2 688

    679
    778
    316
    594
    1 421
    1 596
    323
    2 071
    767
    2 899

    660
    836
    420
    635
    1 933
    2 138
    537
    2 200
    884
    2 806

    573
    62
    83
    3 376
    451
    900
    291
    28
    260
    201

    958
    121
    152
    4 826
    787
    1 267
    389
    93
    399
    331

    1 089
    165
    197
    5 495
    904
    1 466
    503
    165
    615
    457

    1 307
    279
    444
    6 221
    1 268
    1 909
    845
    267
    1 738
    727

    1 349
    336
    558
    6 978
    1 385
    2 064
    1 018
    285
    2 378
    853

    1 243
    430
    971
    6 060
    1 401
    1 899
    1 244
    326
    2 931
    942

    256
    126
    994
    78
    120
    ...
    106
    55
    138
    20

    288
    143
    1 569
    102
    115
    9
    163
    100
    169
    54

    408
    196
    2 377
    131
    135
    118
    226
    226
    246
    280

    564
    226
    3 016
    195
    137
    36
    361
    361
    288
    337

    935
    287
    3 950
    314
    100
    84
    396
    395
    462
    622

    1 239
    314
    4 435
    359
    97
    140
    393
    393
    539
    724

    1 618
    368
    4 488
    480
    93
    158
    385
    385
    602
    852

    99
    79
    234
    58
    268
    248
    18
    319
    224
    131

    138
    138
    314
    92
    298
    324
    56
    577
    235
    162

    164
    292
    364
    130
    317
    400
    142
    1 238
    308
    253

    296
    529
    461
    210
    301
    687
    164
    1 504
    451
    358

    358
    807
    552
    304
    299
    814
    251
    1 970
    577
    482

    588
    1 430
    944
    530
    611
    1 109
    344
    2 479
    754
    727

    721
    1 999
    1 111
    622
    608
    1 274
    359
    2 816
    867
    834

    716
    2 736
    1 167
    722
    557
    1 433
    361
    2 969
    957
    913

    ...
    204
    165
    76
    182
    242
    2 507
    35
    49
    4

    5
    374
    301
    110
    347
    339
    4 767
    67
    150
    64

    30
    457
    381
    118
    415
    387
    5 620
    116
    216
    91

    111
    578
    464
    154
    442
    459
    6 930
    130
    284
    185

    268
    767
    941
    257
    430
    552
    6 707
    259
    302
    244

    495
    871
    1 117
    322
    439
    685
    9 556
    446
    385
    325

    935
    1 279
    1 598
    597
    1 833
    907
    9 540
    629
    368
    566

    1 268
    1 404
    1 965
    699
    2 057
    1 046
    9 974
    733
    362
    699

    1 626
    1 397
    2 137
    651
    1 879
    1 256
    8 275
    1 160
    339
    861

    30
    51
    847
    ...
    235
    18
    105
    64
    89
    21

    140
    78
    1 047
    3
    344
    46
    132
    81
    134
    26

    124
    126
    1 549
    11
    534
    207
    224
    128
    218
    45

    192
    136
    1 824
    29
    588
    258
    238
    172
    296
    66

    214
    139
    1 951
    48
    670
    302
    253
    183
    328
    86

    325
    140
    3 200
    186
    2 083
    501
    677
    263
    438
    170

    366
    139
    3 671
    332
    2 213
    705
    737
    328
    488
    277

    458
    144
    4 343
    664
    2 405
    822
    821
    457
    801
    626

    543
    145
    4 824
    969
    2 401
    1 007
    909
    542
    962
    804

    585
    461
    4 717
    1 509
    2 219
    1 298
    926
    761
    971
    1 100

    311
    20
    ...
    13
    121
    3
    2
    149
    9
    ...

    351
    41
    ...
    21
    21
    2
    3
    234
    13
    4

    452
    133
    ...
    45
    38
    4
    16
    299
    18
    43

    687
    215
    4
    93
    97
    13
    40
    417
    29
    237

    773
    235
    14
    118
    161
    19
    74
    507
    40
    315

    822
    272
    40
    140
    232
    37
    148
    634
    58
    366

    1 432
    288
    61
    212
    338
    161
    289
    1 462
    175
    505

    1 681
    311
    97
    275
    500
    282
    557
    2 241
    291
    733

    2 144
    313
    181
    576
    736
    810
    1 033
    2 649
    642
    1 107

    2 411
    310
    216
    705
    888
    1 141
    1 358
    3 107
    1 065
    1 425

    2 377
    270
    239
    960
    1 072
    1 558
    1 862
    3 251
    1 295
    1 607

    15
    28
    ...
    14
    ...
    ...
    ...
    61
    ...
    25

    27
    43
    1
    32
    ...
    ...
    ...
    109
    ...
    41

    33
    52
    1
    50
    ...
    ...
    ...
    178
    5
    58

    44
    88
    6
    81
    5
    ...
    ...
    230
    24
    85

    89
    137
    38
    168
    13
    18
    ...
    331
    52
    146

    130
    172
    52
    243
    20
    72
    ...
    438
    72
    180

    150
    209
    101
    291
    33
    141
    ...
    487
    111
    195

    365
    295
    272
    344
    73
    193
    ...
    968
    143
    253

    407
    342
    409
    396
    145
    252
    5
    1 464
    222
    276

    504
    564
    809
    695
    266
    4 758
    ...
    2 097
    382
    354

    542
    637
    1 089
    763
    352
    549
    172
    2 910
    389
    372

    515
    643
    1 614
    617
    531
    657
    262
    3 251
    442
    403

    ...
    3

    ...
    8

    19
    15

    32
    33

    80
    79

    100
    132

    135
    170

    143
    474

    158
    528

    191
    509

    204
    537

    195
    531

    SECTION

    MIGRATION

    50

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 3

    MIGRATION
    Highlights

    The continuous record of immigration into the


    United States began with the Act of 1819. This act
    required the captain or master of a vessel arriving at a
    U.S. port to deliver to the local collector of customs a
    list or manifest of all passengers taken on board, designating the age, sex, nationality, and occupation of each
    passenger, as well as the number of passengers who
    died during the passage. Copies of the manifests were
    transmitted to the Secretary of State, who reported the
    information periodically to Congress. Although the
    reporting of alien arrivals was also required by the Act
    of 1798 (which expired in 1817), the number of arrivals
    prior to 1819 is not known. William J. Bromwell, author
    of History of Immigration to the United States, estimates
    the number of foreign arrivals between the close of the
    Revolutionary War and 1819 at 250,000. Immigration
    statistics were compiled by the Department of State
    from 1820 to 1870, by the Treasury Departments
    Bureau of Statistics from 1867 to 1895, and since 1892
    by the Office or Bureau of Immigration (later the
    Immigration and Naturalization Service). Annual
    reports have presented the data on immigration statistics since 1892, with the exception of 1942, when no
    report was issued because of wartime conditions. Since
    1820, reporting on immigration data has undergone
    many changes. Only arrivals by vessels at Atlantic and
    Gulf ports were included until 1850, when Pacific ports
    were added. During the Civil War, Southern ports under
    Confederate control were excluded. Later, the reporting
    area was expanded to include outlying possessions:
    Alaska from 1871 (although irregularly until 1904);
    Hawaii from 1901; Puerto Rico from 1902; and the
    Virgin Islands from 1942. The government did not
    require arrivals at land borders to be counted until
    1904, when land border stations were established. By
    1908, such arrivals were fully incorporated into the
    annual totals. In any case, until the first decade of the
    twentieth century, there were few Canadian or Mexican
    immigrants in the United States.

    Since 1933, aliens arriving in the United States


    have been classified as immigrants or non-immigrants.
    Immigrants are nonresident aliens admitted to the
    United States for permanent residence. Until July 1,
    1968, they were further classified into quota and non

    quota immigrants. The former were subject to the established quotas of Eastern Hemisphere countries, while
    nonquota immigrants included natives of the Western
    Hemisphere and certain groups of special immigrants
    (classes of immigrants admitted to the United States for
    political reasons). Since July 1, 1968, this distinction has
    been abolished in favor of numerical ceilings for regions
    and countries, but the category of special immigrants
    has been retained. The collection of data on emigrants
    has been suspended since 1957. Net immigration data
    suffer from lack of reliable emigration figures, as well as
    conflicts in the enumeration of nonimmigrant arrivals.

    3
    From 1925 to 1929, the annual immigration quota
    of 164,667 was based on 2 percent of foreign-born residents of the United States as determined by the 1890
    census. The national origin formula provided that the
    annual quota equal one-sixth of 1 percent of the number of White inhabitants of the continental United
    States in 1920, less Western Hemisphere immigrants and
    their descendants. The annual quota for each nationality
    was then determined by the same ratio to 150,000 as the
    number of inhabitants living in the continental United
    States in 1920 to the total inhabitants (with a minimum
    of 100). The Act of 1965 replaced the quota system with
    an annual numerical limitation of 170,000 on the
    Eastern Hemisphere and 120,000 on the Western
    Hemisphere, with a ceiling of 20,000 for each country of
    origin.

    Before 1882, various state laws excluded certain


    aliens from admission, such as paupers, felons, and the
    diseased. The first Chinese Exclusion Law, passed in
    1882, also excluded lunatics, idiots, and those likely to
    become public charges. Nine years later, Congress
    passed a much broader exclusion law in the Act of 1891.
    Statistics on excluded aliens were first compiled in 1892.
    Subsequent acts, principally those of 1917 and 1952,
    extended the excluded categories to anarchists, criminals, drug traffickers, subversives, and mental and physical defectives. However, landed immigrants enjoy all the
    judicial protection of citizens and may appeal deportation and expulsion orders.

    SECTION 3: MIGRATION

    51

    Total Number of Immigrants: 18202000


    (Decade averages)
    10,000,000
    9,000,000

    Number of Immigrants

    8,000,000
    7,000,000
    6,000,000
    5,000,000
    4,000,000
    3,000,000
    2,000,000
    1,000,000
    0
    1820 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991
    1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

    Year

    Since the first naturalization statute of 1790, there


    have been three requirements for immigrants seeking
    U.S. citizenship: (1) residence in the United States for
    five years; (2) a good moral character; and (3) an oath
    to support the Constitution. The residence requirement
    is only three years for a spouse of a U.S. citizen. Before
    1906, individual courts kept naturalization records, but
    no national data were compiled. Since 1906, all courts
    have been required to file petitions and certificates of
    naturalization with the Bureau of Immigration and
    Naturalization.

    6
    While most European countries were represented
    in the immigration totals in the early nineteenth century, the first immigrant from Korea arrived only in 1948,
    from the Philippines in 1936, from Australia in 1870,
    and from Japan in 1861.

    The annual number of legal immigrants exceeded


    one million in 10 years: 1905, 1906, 1907, 1910, 1913,
    1914, 1989, 1990, 1991 and 2001. There is no official
    count of illegal immigrants. The number of illegal immigrants in the United States is estimated at 7 million.
    Mexicans make up more than half of this total.

    The Refugee Act of 1980 provides for the admission of refugees and asylum seekers based on United
    Nations guidelines. Authorized admission ceilings are
    set annually by the president of the United States in
    consultation with Congress. After one year of residence,
    refugees are eligible for immigrant status. Beginning in
    1966, Cubans admitted or paroled (admitted without
    immigration visa) into the United States after 1959 and
    present in the United States for at least two years could
    obtain permanent resident status. The Refugee Act of
    1980 reduced the residency requirement to one year. In
    addition, the 125,000 Cuban immigrants admitted to the
    United States as part of the Muriel boatlift were eligible
    to become immigrants. Since 1977, refugees from
    Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia have been eligible to
    apply for permanent resident status after living for at
    least two years (later reduced to one year) in the
    United States. Other refugee streams have been permitted into the United States under the Refugee Relief Act
    of 1958 and the Refugees-Escapees-Parolees Act of
    1960. A total of 1,013,620 refugees-asylees were admitted in the 1980s and 1,021,266 between 1991 and 2000.

    52

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 3-1Series C 89-119. Immigrants, by Country, 18202001


    (Number.)
    Europe
    Year

    All countries 1

    Northwestern Europe

    Central Europe

    Total
    United Kingdom 2

    Ireland 2

    Germany 3

    Poland

    Commonwealth
    of
    Independent
    States 4

    Italy

    2001 ............................................

    806 054

    130 567

    18 436

    1 522

    9 886

    11 818

    ...

    3 142

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................
    1992 ............................................
    1991 ............................................

    659 157
    646 568
    654 451
    798 378
    915 900
    720 461
    804 416
    904 292
    973 977
    1 827 167

    97 539
    92 672
    90 793
    119 871
    147 581
    128 185
    160 916
    158 254
    145 392
    135 234

    13 385
    7 690
    9 018
    10 708
    13 624
    12 427
    16 326
    18 783
    19 973
    13 903

    1 315
    812
    944
    1 001
    1 731
    5 315
    17 256
    13 590
    12 226
    4 767

    7 638
    5 201
    5 472
    5 723
    6 748
    6 237
    6 992
    7 312
    9 888
    6 509

    10 114
    8 798
    8 469
    12 038
    15 772
    13 824
    28 048
    27 846
    25 504
    19 199

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 489
    1 530
    1 831
    1 982
    2 501
    2 231
    2 305
    2 487
    2 592
    2 619

    1990 ............................................
    1989 ............................................
    19811989 ..................................
    19711980 ..................................

    1 536 483
    1 090 924
    5 801 600
    4 493 300

    112 401
    82 891
    593 200
    801 300

    15 928
    14 090
    126 200
    123 500

    10 333
    6 961
    22 500
    14 100

    7 493
    6 845
    62 600
    66 000

    20 537
    15 101
    76 900
    43 600

    ...
    ...
    58 500
    43 200

    3 287
    2 910
    29 600
    130 100

    1970 ............................................
    1969 ............................................
    1968 ............................................
    1967 ............................................
    1966 ............................................
    1965 ............................................
    1964 ............................................
    1963 ............................................
    1962 ............................................
    1961 ............................................

    373 326
    358 579
    454 448
    361 972
    323 040
    296 697
    292 248
    306 260
    283 763
    271 344

    110 653
    114 052
    129 022
    128 775
    115 898
    101 468
    108 215
    109 066
    103 989
    108 532

    14 089
    15 072
    26 025
    23 004
    18 777
    24 135
    25 758
    22 708
    18 066
    18 719

    1 583
    1 981
    2 995
    2 765
    3 267
    5 187
    6 055
    5 746
    5 118
    5 738

    10 632
    10 380
    16 590
    16 595
    17 654
    22 432
    24 494
    24 727
    21 477
    25 815

    2 013
    2 115
    3 676
    4 356
    8 490
    7 093
    7 097
    6 785
    5 660
    6 254

    836
    574
    974
    876
    768
    632
    763
    591
    753
    996

    27 369
    27 033
    25 882
    28 487
    26 447
    10 874
    12 769
    16 175
    20 119
    18 956

    1960 ............................................
    1959 ............................................
    1958 ............................................
    1957 ............................................
    1956 ............................................
    1955 ............................................
    1954 ............................................
    1953 ............................................
    1952 ............................................
    1951 ............................................

    265 398
    260 686
    253 265
    326 867
    321 625
    237 790
    208 177
    170 434
    265 520
    205 717

    120 178
    138 191
    115 198
    169 625
    156 866
    110 591
    92 121
    82 352
    193 626
    149 545

    19 967
    18 325
    24 147
    24 020
    19 008
    15 761
    16 672
    16 639
    22 177
    14 898

    6 918
    6 595
    9 134
    8 227
    5 607
    5 222
    4 655
    4 304
    3 526
    3 144

    29 452
    32 039
    29 498
    60 353
    44 409
    29 596
    33 098
    27 329
    104 236
    87 755

    4 216
    2 800
    1 470
    571
    263
    129
    67
    136
    235
    98

    856
    775
    641
    663
    643
    523
    475
    609
    548
    555

    13 369
    16 804
    23 115
    19 624
    40 430
    30 272
    13 145
    8 432
    11 342
    8 958

    1950 ............................................
    1949 ............................................
    1948 ............................................
    1947 ............................................
    1946 ............................................
    1945 ............................................
    1944 ............................................
    1943 ............................................
    1942 ............................................
    1941 ............................................

    249 187
    188 317
    170 570
    147 292
    108 721
    38 119
    28 551
    23 725
    28 781
    51 776

    199 115
    129 592
    103 544
    83 535
    52 852
    5 943
    4 509
    4 920
    11 153
    26 541

    12 755
    21 149
    26 403
    23 788
    33 552
    3 029
    1 321
    974
    907
    7 714

    5 842
    8 678
    7 534
    2 574
    1 816
    427
    112
    165
    83
    272

    128 592
    55 284
    19 368
    13 900
    2 598
    172
    238
    248
    2 150
    4 028

    696
    1 673
    2 447
    745
    335
    195
    292
    394
    343
    451

    526
    694
    897
    761
    153
    98
    157
    159
    197
    665

    12 454
    11 695
    16 075
    13 866
    2 636
    213
    120
    49
    103
    450

    1940 ............................................
    1939 ............................................
    1938 ............................................
    1937 ............................................
    1936 ............................................
    1935 ............................................
    1934 ............................................
    1933 ............................................
    1932 ............................................
    1931 ............................................

    70 756
    82 998
    67 895
    50 244
    36 329
    34 956
    29 470
    23 068
    35 576
    97 139

    50 454
    63 138
    44 495
    31 863
    23 480
    22 778
    17 210
    12 383
    20 579
    61 909

    6 158
    3 058
    2 262
    1 726
    1 310
    1 413
    1 305
    979
    2 057
    9 110

    839
    1 189
    1 085
    531
    444
    454
    443
    338
    539
    7 305

    21 520
    33 515
    17 199
    10 895
    6 346
    5 201
    4 392
    1 919
    2 670
    10 401

    702
    3 072
    2 403
    1 212
    869
    1 504
    1 032
    1 332
    1 296
    3 604

    898
    1 021
    960
    629
    378
    418
    607
    458
    636
    1 396

    5 302
    6 570
    7 712
    7 192
    6 774
    6 566
    4 374
    3 477
    6 662
    13 399

    1930 ............................................
    1929 ............................................
    1928 ............................................
    1927 ............................................
    1926 ............................................
    1925 ............................................
    1924 ............................................
    1923 ............................................
    1922 ............................................
    1921 ............................................

    241 700
    279 678
    307 255
    335 175
    304 488
    294 314
    706 896
    522 919
    309 556
    805 228

    147 438
    158 598
    158 513
    168 368
    155 562
    148 366
    364 339
    307 920
    216 385
    652 364

    31 015
    21 327
    19 958
    23 669
    25 528
    27 172
    59 490
    45 759
    25 153
    51 142

    23 445
    19 921
    25 268
    28 545
    24 897
    26 650
    17 111
    15 740
    10 579
    28 435

    25 569
    46 751
    45 778
    48 513
    50 421
    46 068
    75 091
    48 277
    17 931
    6 803

    9 231
    9 002
    8 755
    9 211
    7 126
    5 341
    28 806
    26 538
    28 635
    95 089

    2 772
    2 450
    2 652
    2 933
    3 323
    3 121
    20 918
    21 151
    19 910
    10 193

    22 327
    18 008
    17 728
    17 297
    8 253
    6 203
    56 246
    46 674
    40 319
    222 260

    1920 ............................................
    1919 ............................................
    1918 ............................................
    1917 ............................................
    1916 ............................................
    1915 ............................................
    1914 ............................................
    1913 ............................................
    1912 ............................................
    1911 ............................................

    430 001
    141 132
    110 618
    295 403
    298 826
    326 700
    1 218 480
    1 197 892
    838 172
    878 587

    246 295
    24 627
    31 063
    133 083
    145 699
    197 919
    1 058 391
    1 055 855
    718 875
    764 757

    38 471
    6 797
    2 516
    10 735
    16 063
    27 237
    48 729
    60 328
    57 148
    73 384

    9 591
    474
    331
    5 406
    8 639
    14 185
    24 688
    27 876
    25 879
    29 112

    1 001
    52
    447
    1 857
    2 877
    7 799
    35 734
    34 329
    27 788
    32 061

    1 751
    1 403
    4 242
    12 716
    7 842
    26 187
    255 660
    291 040
    162 395
    158 721

    95 145
    1 884
    5 250
    34 596
    33 665
    49 688
    283 738
    265 542
    157 134
    182 882

    4 813
    (5)
    (5)
    (5)
    (5)
    (5)
    (5)
    (5)
    (5)
    (5)

    Note: For years ending Sept. 30 from 1977 to date; prior to that years ending June 30, except 18201831 and 18441849, years ending Sept. 30; 18331842 and 18511867, years ending Dec.
    31; 1832 covers 15 months ending Dec. 31; 1843, 9 months ending Sept. 30; 1850, 15 months ending Dec. 31; 1868, 6 months ending June 30; 19902001, by country of birth;
    19061989, country of last permanent resident; prior to 1906, countries from which the immigrants came.
    1For 18201867 excludes returning citizens.
    2Comprises Eire and Northern Ireland.
    3Includes Austria, 1938 to 1945.
    4Comprises former Soviet Union.
    5Between 1899 and 1919, included with Austria-Hungary,

    . . . = Not available.

    Germany, and Russia.

    SECTION 3: MIGRATION

    53

    Table 3-1Series C 89-119. Immigrants, by Country, 18202001Continued


    (Number.)

    Year
    Total

    Turkey in
    Asia 6

    China 7

    Asia

    America

    India

    Canada and
    Newfoundland 11

    Japan 8

    Korea 9

    Philippines10

    Total

    Mexico

    Africa,
    total

    2001 ............................................

    136 316

    3 229

    56 426

    70 290

    9 619

    20 742

    53 154

    429 386

    21 933

    206 426

    191 313

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................
    1992 ............................................
    1991 ............................................

    109 691
    199 411
    219 696
    265 810
    307 807
    267 931
    292 589
    358 047
    356 955
    358 533

    2 613
    2 219
    2 682
    3 145
    3 657
    2 947
    1 840
    2 204
    2 488
    2 528

    45 652
    32 204
    36 884
    41 147
    41 728
    35 463
    53 985
    65 578
    38 907
    33 025

    42 046
    30 237
    36 482
    38 071
    44 859
    34 748
    34 921
    40 121
    36 755
    45 064

    7 094
    4 217
    5 138
    5 097
    6 011
    4 837
    6 093
    6 908
    11 028
    5 049

    15 830
    12 840
    14 268
    14 239
    18 185
    16 047
    16 011
    18 026
    19 359
    26 518

    42 474
    31 026
    34 466
    49 117
    55 876
    50 984
    53 535
    63 457
    61 022
    63 596

    355 023
    200 914
    192 658
    216 982
    243 038
    153 698
    160 727
    178 492
    263 201
    1 010 032

    16 210
    8 864
    10 190
    11 609
    15 825
    12 932
    16 068
    17 156
    15 205
    13 504

    173 919
    147 573
    131 575
    146 865
    163 572
    89 932
    111 398
    126 561
    213 802
    946 167

    155 479
    36 700
    40 660
    47 791
    52 889
    42 456
    26 712
    27 783
    27 086
    36 179

    1990 ............................................
    1989 ............................................
    19811989 ..................................
    19711980 ..................................

    338 581
    312 149
    2 478 800
    1 633 800

    2 468
    2 007
    18 400
    18 600

    31 815
    32 272
    341 800
    202 500

    30 667
    31 175
    231 200
    176 800

    5 734
    4 849
    37 500
    47 900

    32 301
    34 222
    306 500
    272 000

    63 756
    57 034
    431 500
    360 200

    739 805
    448 346
    2 537 500
    1 929 400

    16 812
    12 151
    102 400
    114 800

    679 068
    405 172
    974 200
    637 200

    35 893
    25 166
    156 400
    91 500

    1970 ............................................
    1969 ............................................
    1968 ............................................
    1967 ............................................
    1966 ............................................
    1965 ............................................
    1964 ............................................
    1963 ............................................
    1962 ............................................
    1961 ............................................

    90 215
    72 959
    56 298
    57 574
    40 113
    20 040
    21 279
    23 242
    20 249
    19 495

    495
    556
    325
    491
    365
    365
    331
    307
    304
    296

    6 427
    5 264
    4 851
    7 118
    2 948
    1 611
    2 684
    1 605
    1 356
    900

    8 795
    5 205
    4 165
    4 129
    2 293
    467
    488
    965
    390
    292

    4 731
    4 095
    3 810
    4 125
    3 468
    3 294
    3 774
    4 147
    4 054
    4 490

    8 888
    5 854
    3 592
    3 845
    2 414
    2 139
    2 329
    2 560
    1 463
    1 442

    30 507
    20 263
    16 086
    10 336
    5 894
    2 963
    2 862
    3 483
    3 354
    2 628

    161 727
    164 045
    262 736
    170 235
    162 551
    171 019
    158 644
    169 966
    155 871
    139 580

    26 850
    29 303
    41 716
    34 768
    37 273
    50 035
    51 114
    50 509
    44 272
    47 470

    44 821
    45 748
    44 716
    43 034
    47 217
    40 686
    34 448
    55 986
    55 805
    41 476

    7 099
    4 460
    3 220
    2 577
    1 967
    1 949
    2 015
    1 982
    1 834
    1 851

    1960 ............................................
    1959 ............................................
    1958 ............................................
    1957 ............................................
    1956 ............................................
    1955 ............................................
    1954 ............................................
    1953 ............................................
    1952 ............................................
    1951 ............................................

    21 604
    25 259
    20 870
    20 008
    17 327
    10 935
    9 970
    8 231
    9 328
    7 149

    200
    229
    197
    77
    48
    54
    33
    13
    12
    3

    1 380
    1 702
    1 143
    2 098
    1 386
    568
    254
    528
    263
    335

    244
    351
    323
    196
    185
    194
    144
    104
    123
    109

    5 699
    6 248
    6 847
    6 829
    5 967
    4 150
    3 846
    2 579
    3 814
    271

    1 410
    1 614
    1 470
    577
    579
    263
    175
    75
    47
    21

    2 791
    2 503
    2 034
    1 874
    1 792
    1 598
    1 234
    1 074
    1 179
    3 228

    119 525
    93 061
    113 132
    134 160
    144 713
    110 436
    95 587
    77 650
    61 049
    47 631

    46 668
    34 599
    45 143
    46 354
    42 363
    32 435
    34 873
    36 283
    33 354
    25 880

    32 708
    22 909
    26 791
    49 321
    61 320
    43 702
    30 645
    17 183
    9 079
    6 153

    1 925
    1 992
    2 008
    1 600
    1 351
    1 203
    1 248
    989
    931
    845

    1950 ............................................
    1949 ............................................
    1948 ............................................
    1947 ............................................
    1946 ............................................
    1945 ............................................
    1944 ............................................
    1943 ............................................
    1942 ............................................
    1941 ............................................

    4 508
    7 595
    11 907
    6 733
    2 108
    461
    231
    342
    615
    1 971

    13
    40
    16
    22
    16
    13
    15
    36
    31
    16

    1 280
    3 415
    7 203
    3 191
    252
    71
    50
    65
    179
    1 003

    121
    175
    263
    432
    425
    103
    41
    71
    36
    94

    100
    529
    423
    131
    14
    1
    4
    20
    44
    289

    24
    39
    44
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    729
    1 157
    1 168
    910
    475
    19
    4
    8
    51
    170

    44 191
    49 334
    52 746
    52 753
    46 066
    29 646
    23 084
    18 162
    16 377
    22 445

    21 885
    25 156
    25 485
    24 342
    21 344
    11 530
    10 143
    9 761
    10 599
    11 473

    6 744
    8 083
    8 384
    7 558
    7 146
    6 702
    6 598
    4 172
    2 378
    2 824

    849
    995
    1 027
    1 284
    1 516
    406
    112
    141
    473
    564

    1940 ............................................
    1939 ............................................
    1938 ............................................
    1937 ............................................
    1936 ............................................
    1935 ............................................
    1934 ............................................
    1933 ............................................
    1932 ............................................
    1931 ............................................

    2 050
    2 281
    2 492
    1 149
    793
    682
    597
    552
    1 931
    3 345

    7
    15
    11
    13
    20
    31
    22
    27
    43
    139

    643
    642
    613
    293
    273
    229
    187
    148
    750
    1 150

    52
    36
    34
    47
    13
    32
    28
    44
    87
    123

    102
    102
    93
    132
    91
    88
    86
    75
    526
    653

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    137
    119
    116
    84
    72
    ( 10 )
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    17 822
    17 139
    20 486
    16 903
    11 786
    11 174
    11 409
    9 925
    12 577
    30 816

    11 078
    10 813
    14 404
    12 011
    8 121
    7 782
    7 945
    6 187
    8 003
    22 183

    2 313
    2 640
    2 502
    2 347
    1 716
    1 560
    1 801
    1 936
    2 171
    3 333

    202
    218
    174
    155
    105
    118
    104
    71
    186
    417

    1930 ............................................
    1929 ............................................
    1928 ............................................
    1927 ............................................
    1926 ............................................
    1925 ............................................
    1924 ............................................
    1923 ............................................
    1922 ............................................
    1921 ............................................

    4 535
    3 758
    3 880
    3 669
    3 413
    3 578
    22 065
    13 705
    14 263
    25 034

    118
    70
    80
    73
    37
    51
    2 820
    2 183
    1 998
    11 735

    1 589
    1 446
    1 320
    1 471
    1 751
    1 937
    6 992
    4 986
    4 406
    4 009

    110
    103
    102
    102
    93
    65
    183
    257
    360
    511

    837
    771
    550
    723
    654
    723
    8 801
    5 809
    6 716
    7 878

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    88 104
    116 177
    144 281
    161 872
    144 393
    141 496
    318 855
    199 972
    77 448
    124 118

    65 254
    66 451
    75 281
    84 580
    93 368
    102 753
    200 690
    117 011
    46 810
    72 317

    12 703
    40 154
    59 016
    67 721
    43 316
    32 964
    89 336
    63 768
    19 551
    30 758

    572
    509
    475
    520
    529
    412
    900
    548
    520
    1 301

    1920 ............................................
    1919 ............................................
    1918 ............................................
    1917 ............................................
    1916 ............................................
    1915 ............................................
    1914 ............................................
    1913 ............................................
    1912 ............................................
    1911 ............................................

    17 505
    12 674
    12 701
    12 756
    13 204
    15 211
    34 273
    35 358
    21 449
    17 428

    5 033
    19
    43
    393
    1 670
    3 543
    21 716
    23 955
    12 788
    10 229

    2 330
    1 964
    1 795
    2 237
    2 460
    2 660
    2 502
    2 105
    1 765
    1 460

    300
    171
    130
    109
    112
    161
    221
    179
    175
    524

    9 432
    10 064
    10 213
    8 991
    8 680
    8 613
    8 929
    8 281
    6 114
    4 520

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    162 666
    102 286
    65 418
    147 779
    137 424
    111 206
    122 695
    103 907
    95 926
    94 364

    90 025
    57 782
    32 452
    105 399
    101 551
    82 215
    86 139
    73 802
    55 990
    56 830

    52 361
    29 818
    18 524
    17 869
    18 425
    12 340
    14 614
    11 926
    23 238
    19 889

    648
    189
    299
    566
    894
    934
    1 539
    1 409
    1 009
    956

    Note: For years ending Sept. 30 from 1977 to date; prior to that years ending June 30, except 18201831 and 18441849, years ending Sept. 30; 18331842 and 18511867, years ending Dec.
    31; 1832 covers 15 months ending Dec. 31; 1843, 9 months ending Sept. 30; 1850, 15 months ending Dec. 31; 1868, 6 months ending June 30; 19902001, by country of birth;
    19061989, country of last permanent resident; prior to 1906, countries from which the immigrants came.
    6No record of immigration from Turkey in Asia until 1869.
    7Beginning 1957, includes Taiwan.
    8No record of immigration from Japan until 1861.
    9No record of immigration from Korea prior to 1948.
    10Philippines included in "All other countries" prior to 1936.
    11Prior to 1920, Canada and Newfoundland were recorded

    . . . = Not available.

    as British North America.

    54

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 3-1Series C 89-119. Immigrants, by Country, 18202001Continued


    (Number.)
    Europe
    Year

    All countries 1

    Northwestern Europe

    Commonwealth
    of
    Independent
    States 4

    Central Europe

    Total
    United Kingdom 2

    Ireland 2

    Germany 3

    Poland

    Italy

    1910 ............................................
    1909 ............................................
    1908 ............................................
    1907 ............................................
    1906 ............................................
    1905 ............................................
    1904 ............................................
    1903 ............................................
    1902 ............................................
    1901 ............................................

    1 041 570
    751 786
    782 870
    1 285 349
    1 100 735
    1 026 499
    812 870
    857 046
    648 743
    487 918

    926 291
    654 875
    691 901
    1 199 566
    1 018 365
    974 273
    767 933
    814 507
    619 068
    469 237

    68 941
    46 793
    62 824
    79 037
    67 198
    84 189
    51 448
    33 637
    16 898
    14 985

    29 855
    25 033
    30 556
    34 530
    34 995
    52 945
    36 142
    35 310
    29 138
    30 561

    31 283
    25 540
    32 309
    37 807
    37 564
    40 574
    46 380
    40 086
    28 304
    21 651

    (5)
    (5)
    (5)
    (5)
    (5)
    (5)
    (5)
    (5)
    (5)
    (5)

    186 792
    120 460
    156 711
    258 943
    215 665
    184 897
    145 141
    136 093
    107 347
    85 257

    215 537
    183 218
    128 503
    285 731
    273 120
    221 479
    193 296
    230 622
    178 375
    135 996

    1900 ............................................
    1899 ............................................
    1898 ............................................
    1897 ............................................
    1896 ............................................
    1895 ............................................
    1894 ............................................
    1893 ............................................
    1892 ............................................
    1891 ............................................

    448 572
    311 715
    229 299
    230 832
    343 267
    258 536
    285 631
    439 730
    579 663
    560 319

    424 700
    297 349
    217 786
    216 397
    329 067
    250 342
    277 052
    429 324
    570 876
    546 085

    12 509
    13 456
    12 894
    12 752
    24 656
    28 833
    22 520
    35 189
    42 215
    66 605

    35 730
    31 673
    25 128
    28 421
    40 262
    46 304
    30 231
    43 578
    51 383
    55 706

    18 507
    17 476
    17 111
    22 533
    31 885
    32 173
    53 989
    78 756
    119 168
    113 554

    (5)
    (5)
    4 726
    4 165
    691
    790
    1 941
    16 374
    40 536
    27 497

    90 787
    60 982
    29 828
    25 816
    51 445
    35 907
    39 278
    42 310
    81 511
    47 426

    100 135
    77 419
    58 613
    59 431
    68 060
    35 427
    42 977
    72 145
    61 631
    76 055

    1890 ............................................
    1889 ............................................
    1888 ............................................
    1887 ............................................
    1886 ............................................
    1885 ............................................
    1884 ............................................
    1883 ............................................
    1882 ............................................
    1881 ............................................

    455 302
    444 427
    546 889
    490 109
    334 203
    395 346
    518 592
    603 322
    788 992
    669 431

    445 680
    434 790
    538 131
    482 829
    329 529
    353 083
    453 686
    522 587
    648 186
    528 545

    69 730
    87 992
    108 692
    93 378
    62 929
    57 713
    65 950
    76 606
    102 991
    81 376

    53 024
    65 557
    73 513
    68 370
    49 619
    51 795
    63 344
    81 486
    76 432
    72 342

    92 427
    99 538
    109 717
    106 865
    84 403
    124 443
    179 676
    194 786
    250 630
    210 485

    11 073
    4 922
    5 826
    6 128
    3 939
    3 085
    4 536
    2 011
    4 672
    5 614

    35 598
    33 916
    33 487
    30 766
    17 800
    17 158
    12 689
    9 909
    16 918
    5 041

    52 003
    25 307
    51 558
    47 622
    21 315
    13 642
    16 510
    31 792
    32 159
    15 401

    1880 ............................................
    1879 ............................................
    1878 ............................................
    1877 ............................................
    1876 ............................................
    1875 ............................................
    1874 ............................................
    1873 ............................................
    1872 ............................................
    1871 ............................................

    457 257
    177 826
    138 469
    141 857
    169 986
    227 498
    313 339
    459 803
    404 806
    321 350

    348 691
    134 259
    101 612
    106 195
    120 920
    182 961
    262 783
    397 541
    352 155
    265 145

    73 273
    29 955
    22 150
    23 581
    29 291
    47 905
    62 021
    89 500
    84 912
    85 455

    71 603
    20 013
    15 932
    14 569
    19 575
    37 957
    53 707
    77 344
    68 732
    57 439

    84 638
    34 602
    29 313
    29 298
    31 937
    47 769
    87 291
    149 671
    141 109
    82 554

    2 177
    489
    547
    533
    925
    984
    1 795
    3 338
    1 647
    535

    5 014
    4 453
    3 048
    6 599
    4 775
    7 997
    4 073
    1 634
    1 018
    673

    12 354
    5 791
    4 344
    3 195
    3 015
    3 631
    7 666
    8 757
    4 190
    2 816

    1870 ............................................
    1869 ............................................
    1868 ............................................
    1867 ............................................
    1866 ............................................
    1865 ............................................
    1864 ............................................
    1863 ............................................
    1862 ............................................
    1861 ............................................

    387 203
    352 768
    138 840
    315 722
    318 568
    248 120
    193 418
    176 282
    91 985
    91 918

    328 626
    315 963
    130 090
    283 751
    278 916
    214 048
    185 233
    163 733
    83 710
    81 200

    103 677
    84 438
    24 127
    52 641
    94 924
    82 465
    53 428
    66 882
    24 639
    19 675

    56 996
    40 786
    32 068
    72 879
    36 690
    29 772
    63 523
    55 916
    23 351
    23 797

    118 225
    131 042
    55 831
    133 426
    115 892
    83 424
    57 276
    33 162
    27 529
    31 661

    223
    184
    ...
    310
    412
    528
    165
    94
    63
    48

    907
    343
    141
    205
    287
    183
    256
    77
    79
    34

    2 891
    1 489
    891
    1 624
    1 382
    924
    600
    547
    566
    811

    1860 ............................................
    1859 ............................................
    1858 ............................................
    1857 ............................................
    1856 ............................................
    1855 ............................................
    1854 ............................................
    1853 ............................................
    1852 ............................................
    1851 ............................................

    153 640
    121 282
    123 126
    251 306
    200 436
    200 877
    427 833
    368 645
    371 603
    379 466

    141 209
    110 949
    111 354
    216 224
    186 083
    187 729
    405 542
    361 576
    362 484
    369 510

    29 737
    26 163
    28 956
    58 479
    44 658
    47 572
    58 647
    37 576
    40 699
    51 487

    48 637
    35 216
    26 873
    54 361
    54 349
    49 627
    101 606
    162 649
    159 548
    221 253

    54 491
    41 784
    45 310
    91 781
    71 028
    71 918
    215 009
    41 946
    145 918
    72 482

    82
    106
    9
    124
    20
    462
    208
    33
    110
    10

    65
    91
    246
    25
    9
    13
    2
    3
    2
    1

    1 019
    932
    1 240
    1 007
    1 365
    1 052
    1 263
    555
    351
    447

    1850 ............................................
    1849 ............................................
    1848 ............................................
    1847 ............................................
    1846 ............................................
    1845 ............................................
    1844 ............................................
    1843 ............................................
    1842 ............................................
    1841 ............................................

    369 980
    297 024
    226 527
    234 968
    154 416
    114 371
    78 615
    52 496
    104 565
    80 289

    308 323
    286 501
    218 025
    229 117
    146 315
    109 301
    74 745
    49 013
    99 945
    76 216

    51 085
    55 132
    35 159
    23 302
    22 180
    19 210
    14 353
    8 430
    22 005
    16 188

    164 004
    159 398
    112 934
    105 536
    51 752
    44 821
    33 490
    19 670
    51 342
    37 772

    78 896
    60 235
    58 465
    74 281
    57 561
    34 355
    20 731
    14 441
    20 370
    15 291

    5
    4
    ...
    8
    4
    6
    36
    17
    10
    15

    31
    44
    1
    5
    248
    1
    13
    6
    28
    174

    431
    209
    241
    164
    151
    137
    141
    117
    100
    179

    1840 ............................................
    1839 ............................................
    1838 ............................................
    1837 ............................................
    1836 ............................................
    1835 ............................................
    1834 ............................................
    1833 ............................................
    1832 ............................................
    1831 ............................................

    84 066
    68 069
    38 914
    79 340
    76 242
    45 374
    65 365
    58 640
    60 482
    22 633

    80 126
    64 148
    34 070
    71 039
    70 465
    41 987
    57 510
    29 111
    34 193
    13 039

    2 613
    10 271
    5 420
    12 218
    13 106
    8 970
    10 490
    4 916
    5 331
    2 475

    39 430
    23 963
    12 645
    28 508
    30 578
    20 927
    24 474
    8 648
    12 436
    5 772

    29 704
    21 028
    11 683
    23 740
    20 707
    8 311
    17 686
    6 988
    10 194
    2 413

    5
    46
    41
    81
    53
    54
    54
    1
    34
    ...

    ...
    7
    13
    19
    2
    9
    15
    159
    52
    1

    37
    84
    86
    36
    115
    60
    105
    1 699
    3
    28

    Note: For years ending Sept. 30 from 1977 to date; prior to that years ending June 30, except 18201831 and 18441849, years ending Sept. 30; 18331842 and 18511867, years ending Dec.
    31; 1832 covers 15 months ending Dec. 31; 1843, 9 months ending Sept. 30; 1850, 15 months ending Dec. 31; 1868, 6 months ending June 30; 19902001, by country of birth;
    19061989, country of last permanent resident; prior to 1906, countries from which the immigrants came.
    1For 18201867 excludes returning citizens.
    2Comprises Eire and Northern Ireland.
    3Includes Austria, 1938 to 1945.
    4Comprises former Soviet Union.
    5Between 1899 and 1919, included with Austria-Hungary,

    . . . = Not available.

    Germany, and Russia.

    SECTION 3: MIGRATION

    55

    Table 3-1Series C 89-119. Immigrants, by Country, 18202001Continued


    (Number.)

    Year

    Turkey in
    Asia 6

    Total

    China 7

    Asia

    America

    India

    Canada and
    Newfoundland 11

    Japan 8

    Korea 9

    Philippines10

    Total

    Mexico

    18 691
    16 251
    6 067
    1 406
    1 997
    2 637
    1 009
    528
    709
    347

    Africa,
    total

    1910 ............................................
    1909 ............................................
    1908 ............................................
    1907 ............................................
    1906 ............................................
    1905 ............................................
    1904 ............................................
    1903 ............................................
    1902 ............................................
    1901 ............................................

    23 533
    12 904
    28 365
    40 524
    22 300
    23 925
    26 186
    29 966
    22 271
    13 593

    15 212
    7 506
    9 753
    8 053
    6 354
    6 157
    5 235
    7 118
    6 223
    5 782

    1 968
    1 943
    1 397
    961
    1 544
    2 166
    4 309
    2 209
    1 649
    2 459

    1 696
    203
    1 040
    898
    216
    190
    261
    94
    93
    22

    2 720
    3 111
    15 803
    30 226
    13 835
    10 331
    14 264
    19 968
    14 270
    5 269

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    89 534
    82 208
    59 997
    41 762
    24 613
    25 217
    16 420
    11 023
    6 698
    4 416

    56 555
    51 941
    38 510
    19 918
    5 063
    2 168
    2 837
    1 058
    636
    540

    1 072
    858
    1 411
    1 486
    712
    757
    686
    176
    37
    173

    1900 ............................................
    1899 ............................................
    1898 ............................................
    1897 ............................................
    1896 ............................................
    1895 ............................................
    1894 ............................................
    1893 ............................................
    1892 ............................................
    1891 ............................................

    17 946
    8 972
    8 637
    9 662
    6 764
    4 495
    4 690
    2 392
    ...
    7 678

    3 962
    4 436
    4 275
    4 732
    4 139
    2 767
    ...
    ...
    ...
    2 488

    1 247
    1 660
    2 071
    3 363
    1 441
    539
    1 170
    472
    ...
    2 836

    9
    17
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    42

    12 635
    2 844
    2 230
    1 526
    1 110
    1 150
    1 931
    1 380
    ...
    1 136

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    5 455
    4 316
    2 627
    4 537
    7 303
    3 508
    3 551
    2 593
    ...
    5 082

    396
    1 322
    352
    291
    278
    244
    194
    ...
    ...
    234

    237
    161
    107
    91
    150
    116
    109
    ( 12 )
    ( 12 )
    ( 12 )

    30
    51
    48
    37
    21
    36
    24
    ...
    ...
    103

    1890 ............................................
    1889 ............................................
    1888 ............................................
    1887 ............................................
    1886 ............................................
    1885 ............................................
    1884 ............................................
    1883 ............................................
    1882 ............................................
    1881 ............................................

    4 448
    1 725
    843
    615
    317
    198
    510
    8 113
    39 629
    11 982

    1 126
    593
    273
    208
    15
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    5

    1 716
    118
    26
    10
    40
    22
    279
    8 031
    39 579
    11 890

    43
    59
    20
    32
    17
    34
    12
    9
    10
    33

    691
    640
    404
    229
    194
    49
    20
    27
    5
    11

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3 833
    5 459
    5 402
    5 270
    3 026
    41 203
    63 339
    71 729
    100 129
    127 577

    183
    28
    15
    9
    17
    38 336
    60 626
    70 274
    98 366
    125 450

    ( 12 )
    ( 12 )
    ( 12 )
    ( 12 )
    ( 12 )
    323
    430
    469
    366
    325

    112
    187
    65
    40
    122
    112
    59
    67
    60
    33

    1880 ............................................
    1879 ............................................
    1878 ............................................
    1877 ............................................
    1876 ............................................
    1875 ............................................
    1874 ............................................
    1873 ............................................
    1872 ............................................
    1871 ............................................

    5 839
    9 660
    9 014
    10 640
    22 943
    16 499
    13 838
    20 325
    7 825
    7 240

    4
    31
    7
    3
    8
    1
    6
    3
    ...
    4

    5 802
    9 604
    8 992
    10 594
    22 781
    16 437
    13 776
    20 292
    7 788
    7 135

    21
    15
    8
    17
    25
    19
    17
    15
    12
    14

    4
    4
    2
    7
    4
    3
    21
    9
    17
    78

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    101 692
    33 043
    27 204
    24 065
    24 686
    26 640
    35 339
    40 335
    42 205
    48 835

    99 744
    31 286
    25 592
    22 137
    22 505
    24 097
    33 020
    37 891
    40 204
    47 164

    492
    556
    465
    445
    631
    610
    386
    606
    569
    402

    18
    12
    18
    16
    89
    54
    58
    28
    41
    24

    1870 ............................................
    1869 ............................................
    1868 ............................................
    1867 ............................................
    1866 ............................................
    1865 ............................................
    1864 ............................................
    1863 ............................................
    1862 ............................................
    1861 ............................................

    15 825
    12 949
    5 171
    3 961
    2 411
    2 947
    2 982
    7 216
    3 640
    7 528

    ...
    2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    15 740
    12 874
    5 157
    3 863
    2 385
    2 942
    2 975
    7 214
    3 633
    7 518

    24
    3
    ...
    2
    17
    5
    6
    1
    5
    6

    48
    63
    ...
    67
    7
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    42 658
    23 767
    3 415
    24 715
    33 582
    22 778
    4 607
    4 147
    4 175
    2 763

    40 414
    21 120
    2 785
    23 379
    32 180
    21 586
    3 636
    3 464
    3 275
    2 069

    463
    320
    129
    292
    239
    193
    99
    96
    142
    218

    31
    72
    3
    25
    33
    49
    37
    3
    12
    47

    1860 ............................................
    1859 ............................................
    1858 ............................................
    1857 ............................................
    1856 ............................................
    1855 ............................................
    1854 ............................................
    1853 ............................................
    1852 ............................................
    1851 ............................................

    5 476
    3 461
    5 133
    5 945
    4 747
    3 540
    13 100
    47
    4
    2

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    5 467
    3 457
    5 128
    5 944
    4 733
    3 526
    13 100
    42
    ...
    ...

    5
    2
    5
    1
    13
    6
    ...
    5
    4
    2

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    6 343
    5 466
    5 821
    6 811
    9 058
    9 260
    8 533
    6 030
    7 695
    9 703

    4 514
    4 163
    4 603
    5 670
    6 493
    7 761
    6 891
    5 424
    6 352
    7 438

    229
    265
    429
    133
    741
    420
    446
    162
    72
    181

    126
    11
    17
    25
    6
    14
    ...
    8
    ...
    3

    1850 ............................................
    1849 ............................................
    1848 ............................................
    1847 ............................................
    1846 ............................................
    1845 ............................................
    1844 ............................................
    1843 ............................................
    1842 ............................................
    1841 ............................................

    7
    11
    8
    12
    11
    6
    6
    11
    7
    3

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3
    3
    ...
    4
    7
    6
    3
    3
    4
    2

    4
    8
    6
    8
    4
    ...
    1
    2
    2
    1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    15 768
    8 904
    7 989
    5 231
    5 525
    5 035
    3 740
    2 854
    3 994
    3 429

    9 376
    6 890
    6 473
    3 827
    3 855
    3 195
    2 711
    1 502
    2 078
    1 816

    597
    518
    24
    62
    222
    498
    197
    398
    403
    352

    ...
    3
    10
    ...
    1
    4
    14
    6
    3
    14

    1840 ............................................
    1839 ............................................
    1838 ............................................
    1837 ............................................
    1836 ............................................
    1835 ............................................
    1834 ............................................
    1833 ............................................
    1832 ............................................
    1831 ............................................

    1
    ...
    1
    11
    4
    17
    6
    3
    4
    1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    8
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1
    ...
    1
    11
    4
    8
    6
    3
    4
    1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3 815
    3 617
    2 990
    3 628
    4 936
    3 312
    2 779
    3 282
    2 871
    2 194

    1 938
    1 926
    1 476
    1 279
    2 814
    1 193
    1 020
    1 194
    608
    176

    395
    353
    211
    627
    798
    1 032
    885
    779
    827
    692

    6
    10
    10
    2
    6
    14
    1
    1
    2
    2

    Note: For years ending Sept. 30 from 1977 to date; prior to that years ending June 30, except 18201831 and 18441849, years ending Sept. 30; 18331842 and 18511867, years ending Dec.
    31; 1832 covers 15 months ending Dec. 31; 1843, 9 months ending Sept. 30; 1850, 15 months ending Dec. 31; 1868, 6 months ending June 30; 19902001, by country of birth;
    19061989, country of last permanent resident; prior to 1906, countries from which the immigrants came.
    6No record of immigration from Turkey in Asia until 1869.
    7Beginning 1957, includes Taiwan.
    8No record of immigration from Japan until 1861.
    9No record of immigration from Korea prior to 1948.
    10Philippines included in "All other countries" prior to 1936.
    11Prior to 1920, Canada and Newfoundland were recorded
    12No record of immigration from Mexico for 18861893.

    . . . = Not available.

    as British North America.

    56

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 3-1Series C 89-119. Immigrants, by Country, 18202001Continued


    (Number.)
    Europe
    Year

    All countries 1

    Northwestern Europe

    Commonwealth
    of
    Independent
    States 4

    Central Europe

    Total
    United Kingdom 2

    Ireland 2

    Germany 3

    Poland

    Italy

    1830 ............................................
    1829 ............................................
    1828 ............................................
    1827 ............................................
    1826 ............................................
    1825 ............................................
    1824 ............................................
    1823 ............................................
    1822 ............................................
    1821 ............................................

    23 322
    22 520
    27 382
    18 875
    10 837
    10 199
    7 912
    6 354
    6 911
    9 127

    7 217
    12 523
    24 729
    16 719
    9 751
    8 543
    4 965
    4 016
    4 418
    5 936

    1 153
    3 179
    5 352
    4 186
    2 319
    2 095
    1 264
    1 100
    1 221
    3 210

    2 721
    7 415
    12 488
    9 766
    5 408
    4 888
    2 345
    1 908
    2 267
    1 518

    1 976
    597
    1 851
    432
    511
    450
    230
    183
    148
    383

    2
    ...
    1
    1
    ...
    1
    4
    3
    3
    1

    3
    1
    7
    19
    4
    10
    7
    7
    10
    7

    9
    23
    34
    35
    57
    75
    45
    33
    35
    63

    1820 ............................................

    8 385

    7 691

    2 410

    3 614

    968

    14

    30

    Note: For years ending Sept. 30 from 1977 to date; prior to that years ending June 30, except 18201831 and 18441849, years ending Sept. 30; 18331842 and 18511867, years ending Dec.
    31; 1832 covers 15 months ending Dec. 31; 1843, 9 months ending Sept. 30; 1850, 15 months ending Dec. 31; 1868, 6 months ending June 30; 19902001, by country of birth;
    19061989, country of last permanent resident; prior to 1906, countries from which the immigrants came.
    1For 18201867 excludes returning citizens.
    2Comprises Eire and Northern Ireland.
    3Includes Austria, 1938 to 1945.
    4Comprises former Soviet Union.

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 3: MIGRATION

    57

    Table 3-1Series C 89-119. Immigrants, by Country, 18202001Continued


    (Number.)

    Year

    Turkey in
    Asia 6

    Total

    China 7

    Asia

    America

    India

    Canada and
    Newfoundland 11

    Japan 8

    Korea 9

    Philippines10

    Total

    Africa,
    total

    Mexico

    1830 ............................................
    1829 ............................................
    1828 ............................................
    1827 ............................................
    1826 ............................................
    1825 ............................................
    1824 ............................................
    1823 ............................................
    1822 ............................................
    1821 ............................................

    ...
    2
    3
    1
    1
    1
    1
    ...
    1
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    1
    ...
    ...
    ...
    1
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    1
    3
    1
    1
    ...
    1
    ...
    1
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 296
    3 299
    2 090
    580
    831
    846
    559
    382
    378
    303

    189
    409
    267
    165
    223
    314
    155
    167
    204
    184

    983
    2 290
    1 089
    127
    106
    68
    110
    35
    5
    4

    2
    1
    6
    4
    ...
    1
    ...
    ...
    ...
    2

    1820 ............................................

    ...

    ...

    ...

    ...

    387

    209

    Note: For years ending Sept. 30 from 1977 to date; prior to that years ending June 30, except 18201831 and 18441849, years ending Sept. 30; 18331842 and 18511867, years ending Dec.
    31; 1832 covers 15 months ending Dec. 31; 1843, 9 months ending Sept. 30; 1850, 15 months ending Dec. 31; 1868, 6 months ending June 30; 19902001, by country of birth;
    19061989, country of last permanent resident; prior to 1906, countries from which the immigrants came.
    6No record of immigration from Turkey in Asia until 1869.
    7Beginning 1957, includes Taiwan.
    8No record of immigration from Japan until 1861.
    9No record of immigration from Korea prior to 1948.
    10Philippines included in "All other countries" prior to 1936.
    11Prior to 1920, Canada and Newfoundland were recorded

    . . . = Not available.

    as British North America.

    58

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 3-2. Immigrants, by Region, 18202002


    (Number.)
    Year

    All countries 1

    Europe

    Asia

    America

    Caribbean

    Central America

    South America

    Africa

    Total, 18202002 .......................


    2002 ............................................
    2001 ............................................

    68 217 481
    1 063 732
    1 064 318

    38 816 282
    177 652
    177 833

    9 479 289
    326 871
    337 566

    18 506 482
    478 777
    473 351

    3 873 162
    94 240
    96 958

    1 486 126
    66 520
    73 063

    1 931 624
    73 400
    68 279

    795 428
    56 135
    50 209

    19912000 ..................................
    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    19911995 ..................................
    19911994 ..................................
    19911993 ..................................

    9 095 417
    849 807
    646 568
    654 451
    798 378
    915 900
    720 461
    804 416
    5 230 313
    4 509 852
    3 705 436

    1 359 737
    133 362
    94 373
    92 911
    122 358
    151 898
    132 914
    166 279
    764 835
    631 921
    465 642

    2 795 672
    255 860
    193 061
    212 799
    258 561
    300 574
    259 984
    282 449
    1 574 817
    1 314 833
    1 032 384

    4 486 806
    397 201
    312 324
    298 156
    359 619
    407 813
    282 270
    325 173
    2 711 693
    2 429 423
    2 104 250

    978 787
    85 875
    70 386
    72 948
    101 095
    115 991
    96 021
    103 750
    532 492
    436 471
    332 721

    526 915
    62 708
    41 441
    35 368
    43 451
    44 336
    32 020
    40 256
    299 611
    267 591
    227 335

    539 656
    55 392
    41 112
    44 884
    52 600
    61 990
    46 063
    47 505
    283 678
    237 615
    190 110

    354 939
    40 969
    33 740
    37 494
    44 668
    49 605
    39 818
    24 864
    148 463
    108 645
    83 781

    19811990 ..................................
    19711980 ..................................
    19611970 ..................................
    19511960 ..................................
    19411950 ..................................
    19311940 ..................................
    19211930 ..................................
    19111920 ..................................
    19011910 ..................................

    7 338 062
    4 493 314
    3 321 677
    2 515 479
    1 035 039
    528 431
    4 107 209
    5 735 811
    8 795 386

    761 550
    800 368
    1 123 492
    1 325 727
    621 147
    347 566
    2 463 194
    4 321 887
    8 056 040

    2 738 157
    1 588 178
    427 642
    153 249
    37 028
    16 595
    112 059
    247 236
    323 543

    3 615 225
    1 982 735
    1 716 374
    996 944
    354 804
    160 037
    1 516 716
    1 143 671
    361 888

    872 051
    741 126
    470 213
    123 091
    49 725
    15 502
    74 899
    123 424
    107 548

    468 088
    134 640
    101 330
    44 751
    21 665
    5 861
    15 769
    17 159
    8 192

    461 847
    295 741
    257 940
    91 628
    21 831
    7 803
    42 215
    41 899
    17 280

    176 893
    80 779
    28 954
    14 092
    7 367
    1 750
    6 286
    8 443
    7 368

    18911900 ..................................
    18811890 ..................................
    18711880 ..................................
    18611870 ..................................
    18511860 ..................................
    18411850 ..................................
    18311840 ..................................
    18211830 ..................................
    1820 ............................................

    3 687 564
    5 246 613
    2 812 191
    2 314 824
    2 598 214
    1 713 251
    599 125
    143 439
    8 385

    3 555 352
    4 735 484
    2 271 925
    2 065 141
    2 452 577
    1 597 442
    495 681
    98 797
    7 690

    74 862
    69 942
    124 160
    64 759
    41 538
    141
    55
    30
    6

    38 972
    426 967
    404 044
    166 607
    74 720
    62 469
    33 424
    11 564
    387

    33 066
    29 042
    13 957
    9 046
    10 660
    13 528
    12 301
    3 834
    164

    549
    404
    157
    95
    449
    368
    44
    105
    2

    1 075
    2 304
    1 128
    1 397
    1 224
    3 579
    856
    531
    11

    350
    857
    358
    312
    210
    55
    54
    16
    1

    Source: U.S. Citizen and Immigration Services (formerly Immigration and Naturalization Services). Fiscal Year 2002 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics.
    Note: From 18201867, figures represent alien passengers arrived at seaports; from 18681891and 18951897, immigrant aliens arrived; from 18921894 and 18982002, immigrant aliens
    admitted for permanent residence. From 18921903, aliens entering by cabin class were not counted as immigrants. Land arrivals were not completely enumerated until 1908. Data for
    Czechoslovakia, Soviet Union, and Yugoslavia include independent republics. For this table, fiscal year 1843 covers 9 months ending September 1843; fiscal years 1832 and 1850 cover
    15 months ending.

    SECTION 3: MIGRATION

    59

    Table 3-3Series C 158-161. Formal Removals and Voluntary Departures of Aliens, 18922002
    (Number.)
    Aliens expelled
    Year
    Formal removals 1

    Total

    Voluntary departures 2

    Total, 18202002 .......................


    2001 ............................................
    2001 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................
    1992 ............................................
    1991 ............................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    148 619
    177 452
    185 731
    180 760
    173 146
    69 680
    50 924
    45 674
    42 542
    43 671
    33 189

    933 555
    1 253 943
    1 675 625
    1 574 605
    1 570 127
    1 573 428
    1 313 764
    1 029 107
    1 243 410
    1 105 829
    1 061 105

    1990 ............................................
    1989 ............................................
    1988 ............................................
    1987 ............................................
    1986 ............................................
    1985 ............................................
    1984 ............................................
    1983 ............................................
    1982 ............................................
    1981 ............................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    30 039
    34 427
    25 829
    24 336
    24 592
    23 105
    18 696
    19 211
    15 216
    17 379

    1 022 533
    830 890
    911 790
    1 091 203
    1 586 320
    1 041 296
    909 833
    931 600
    812 572
    823 875

    1980 ............................................
    1979 ............................................
    1978 ............................................
    1977 ............................................
    1976,TQ 3 ...................................
    1976 ............................................
    1975 ............................................
    1974 ............................................
    1973 ............................................
    1972 ............................................
    1820 ............................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    18 013
    26 825
    29 277
    31 263
    9 245
    29 226
    24 432
    19 413
    17 346
    16 883
    18 294

    719 211
    966 137
    975 515
    867 015
    190 280
    765 094
    655 814
    718 740
    568 005
    450 927
    370 074

    1970 ............................................
    1969 ............................................
    1968 ............................................
    1967 ............................................
    1966 ............................................
    1965 ............................................
    1964 ............................................
    1963 ............................................
    1962 ............................................
    1961 ............................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    17 469
    11 030
    9 590
    9 728
    9 680
    10 572
    9 167
    7 763
    8 025
    8 181

    303 348
    240 958
    179 952
    142 343
    123 683
    95 263
    73 042
    69 392
    54 164
    52 383

    1960 ............................................
    1959 ............................................
    1958 ............................................
    1957 ............................................
    1956 ............................................
    1955 ............................................
    1954 ............................................
    1953 ............................................
    1952 ............................................
    1951 ............................................

    59 625
    64 596
    67 742
    68 461
    88 188
    247 797
    1 101 228
    905 236
    723 959
    686 713

    6 829
    7 968
    7 142
    5 082
    7 297
    15 028
    26 951
    19 845
    20 181
    13 544

    52 796
    56 610
    60 600
    63 379
    80 891
    232 769
    1 074 277
    885 391
    703 778
    673 169

    1950 ............................................
    1949 ............................................
    1948 ............................................
    1947 ............................................
    1946 ............................................
    1945 ............................................
    1944 ............................................
    1943 ............................................
    1942 ............................................
    1941 ............................................

    579 105
    296 337
    217 555
    214 543
    116 320
    80 760
    39 449
    16 154
    10 613
    10 938

    6 628
    20 040
    20 371
    18 663
    14 375
    11 270
    7 179
    4 207
    3 709
    4 407

    572 477
    276 297
    197 184
    195 880
    101 945
    69 490
    32 270
    11 947
    6 904
    6 531

    1940 ............................................
    1939 ............................................
    1938 ............................................
    1937 ............................................
    1936 ............................................
    1935 ............................................
    1934 ............................................
    1933 ............................................
    1932 ............................................
    1931 ............................................

    15 548
    17 792
    18 553
    17 617
    17 446
    16 297
    16 889
    30 212
    30 201
    29 861

    6 954
    8 202
    9 275
    8 829
    9 195
    8 319
    8 879
    19 865
    19 426
    18 142

    8 594
    9 590
    9 278
    8 788
    8 251
    7 978
    8 010
    10 347
    10 775
    11 719

    1Formal removals include deportations, exclusions, and removals. Prior to 1961, deportations.
    2Prior to 1961, required to deport.
    3Fiscal years through 1976 are from July 1 through June 30. Beginning with October 1976 (fiscal

    year 1977), fiscal years are from October 1 through September 30. The period from July 1
    through September 30, 1976 is a separate fiscal period known as the transition quarter (TQ) and not included in any fiscal year.
    . . . = Not available.

    60

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 3-3Series C 158-161. Formal Removals and Voluntary Departures of Aliens, 18922002Continued
    (Number.)
    Aliens expelled
    Year
    Formal removals 1

    Total

    Voluntary departures 2

    1930 ............................................
    1929 ............................................
    1928 ............................................
    1927 ............................................
    1926 ............................................
    1925 ............................................
    1924 ............................................
    1923 ............................................
    1922 ............................................
    1921 ............................................

    28 018
    38 796
    31 571
    26 674
    10 904
    9 495
    6 409
    3 661
    4 345
    4 517

    16 631
    12 908
    11 625
    11 662
    10 904
    9 495
    6 409
    ...
    4 345
    4 517

    11 387
    25 888
    19 946
    15 012
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1920 ............................................
    1919 ............................................
    1918 ............................................
    1917 ............................................
    1916 ............................................
    1915 ............................................
    1914 ............................................
    1913 ............................................
    1912 ............................................
    1911 ............................................

    2 762
    3 068
    1 569
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 762
    3 068
    1 569
    1 853
    2 781
    2 564
    4 610
    3 451
    2 456
    2 788

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1910 ............................................
    1909 ............................................
    1908 ............................................
    1907 ............................................
    1906 ............................................
    1905 ............................................
    1904 ............................................
    1903 ............................................
    1902 ............................................
    1901 ............................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 695
    2 124
    2 069
    995
    676
    845
    779
    547
    465
    363

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1900 ............................................
    1899 ............................................
    1898 ............................................
    1897 ............................................
    1896 ............................................
    1895 ............................................
    1894 ............................................
    1893 ............................................
    1892 ............................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    356
    263
    199
    263
    238
    277
    417
    577
    637

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    . . . = Not available.

    Table 3-4. Foreign-Stock Population, by Nativity and Parentage, 18902000


    (Number in millions.)
    Year

    2000 ............................................
    1970 ............................................
    1960 ............................................
    1930 ............................................
    1920 ............................................
    1910 ............................................
    1900 ............................................
    1890 ............................................
    Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

    Foriegn born

    Foreign parentage

    28.4
    9.6
    9.7
    14.2
    13.9
    13.5
    10.3
    9.2

    Mixed parentage

    14.8
    24.0
    14.1
    17.5
    15.8
    12.9
    10.7
    8.1

    12.7
    4.7
    10.2
    8.5
    7.0
    6.0
    5.0
    3.4

    SECTION

    BIRTHS AND DEATHS

    62

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 4

    BIRTHS AND
    DEATHS
    Highlights

    Live Births and Deaths, 19092002


    6,000
    Live births
    Deaths

    Number (in thousands)

    5,000

    4,000

    3,000

    2,000

    1,000

    0
    1909

    1917

    1925

    1933

    1941

    1949

    1957

    1965

    1973

    1981

    1989

    1996 2002

    Year

    1
    Vital statistics on the four key life eventsbirths,
    deaths, marriages, and divorcesare compiled by the
    National Center for Health Statistics, successor to the
    Office of Vital Statistics. From 1900 to 1946, the collection of these data was the responsibility of the Census
    Bureau.

    2
    Vital statistics are compiled on the basis of records
    received from the registration offices of all states, certain cities, and the District of Columbia. Reporting of
    these events is mandatory in many localities. The annual
    Vital Statistics of the United States summarizes these
    data, presenting final figures and an annual life table. A
    life table (also known as a mortality table) is an actuarial table and contains data on life expectancy and death.

    The annual collection of mortality statistics began


    in 1900 and the collection of birth statistics in 1915.
    Since 1933, the entire United States has been included
    in birth- and death-registration areas. Alaska was added
    in 1959 and Hawaii in 1960. National statistics on fetal
    deaths have been compiled since 1922.

    Birth statistics are based either on complete counts


    for states participating in the Vital Statistics
    Cooperative Program or on 50 percent samples.
    Mortality statistics are compiled in accordance with the
    World Health Organization (WHO) regulations based
    on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases,
    Injuries and Causes of Death. The degree of accuracy of
    birth data is believed to be more than 99.1 percent.
    While death data may be nearly as complete as birth

    SECTION 4: BIRTHS AND DEATHS


    data, underreporting may be a problem in isolated
    areas. The reporting of fetal deaths is likely to be even
    less complete.

    Data on illegitimate births are based on estimates.


    In the 1930s, all states had a queried legitimacy or illegitimacy on birth certificates. This query was removed
    during the 1940s on grounds of confidentiality. As a
    result, the data suffer from potential misreporting. The
    term illegitimate was discarded and replaced by
    Births to Unmarried Women in the 1990 census.

    Overall, the vital statistics rates per 1,000 has


    dropped precipitously in the United States, and in all
    developed countries, since 1950. In the United States,
    the birth rate decreased from 24.1 to 14.1, the death
    rate from 9.6 to 8.5, the infant mortality rate from 29.2
    to 6.8.

    The difference in birth rates per 1,000 between


    White and Black women has narrowed since 1980. The
    relative rates in 1980 were 15.1 for Whites and 21.3 for
    Blacks, whereas the corresponding rates in 2001 were
    13.7 and 16.3. This decrease is the result of a concomitant trend in fertility rates that dropped from 65.6 for
    Whites and 84.7 for Blacks in 1980 to 65.0 for Whites
    and 67.6 for Blacks in 2001.

    There were fewer teenage mothers in 2001 than in


    1980. Overall teenage births declined from 521,826 in
    1980 to 445,944 in 2001. Of these births, 24.9 percent
    were to Black teenagers.

    9 Utah has the highest birth rate of all states at 21.8,


    with a correspondingly high fertility rate of 95.0. Other
    states with high birth rates are Texas (17.6), Arizona
    (17.1), Georgia (16.5), and Nevada (16.1).

    10
    The total fertility rate declined from an average
    of 3,449 (3,326 for Whites and 4,326 for Blacks) in
    19601964 to 2,115 in 2001 (2,110 for Whites and 2,124
    for Blacks). For Whites, this rate represents a rebound
    from 1976 when the fertility rate bottomed out at 1,738.

    11
    The percentage of children with low birth
    weights, defined as below 5 lbs. 8 oz., has increased from

    63

    6.8 percent in 1980 to 7.7 percent in 2001. A larger percentage of children born to teenage mothers and
    unmarried mothers have a lower birth weight (11.3 percent and 33.5 percent respectively).

    12
    The number of caesarean deliveries rose steadily from 195,000 in 1970 to 978,000 in 2001. These deliveries are most common among women 35 years of age
    and older.

    13
    The number of abortions in the United States
    increased from 586,000 in 1972 (around the time of Roe
    v. Wade), to 1,315,000 in 1999, although this figure represents a drop from the peak of 1,609,000 in 1990. Per
    1,000 women (15 to 44 years of age), there were 21.4
    abortions in 1999, compared with 29.4 in 1980.

    14
    In 1995, 21.4 million women used contraceptives. Of these women, 39.7 percent used nonsurgical
    means, such as the pill or condoms.

    15
    Although Americans can expect to live 28.1
    years longer than their ancestors did in 1900, the United
    States trails a number of other developed countries,
    including Japan, Sweden, Switzerland, Norway, Canada,
    France, Netherlands, Australia, Italy, and Greece in
    longevity. In 2001, the life expectancy of men was 74.4
    years and women 79.8 years, with an average of 77.2
    years. Life expectancy for Blacks is five years less than
    that of Whites: 68.3 for men and 75.5 for women, with
    an average of 72.2.

    16
    In the United States, 276 persons die every
    hour, or about 4.6 persons every minute. The death rate
    is fairly uniform in all states and regions, around 8.5 per
    1,000 population, but is lowest in Alaska at 4.7.

    17
    In a key area of vital statistics, the United States
    registered significant gains. Between 1980 and 2001, the
    infant mortality rate dropped from 12.6 to 6.8 and
    neonatal deaths from 8.5 to 4.5, both per 1,000 live
    births. However, the gap between Whites and Blacks
    continues to persist. Blacks have an infant mortality
    rate of 14.0 per 1,000 live births compared with 5.7 for
    Whites.

    64

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 4-1Series B 1-2. Live Births and Deaths, 19092002


    (Number in thousands.)
    Year

    Live births 1

    Deaths 2

    2002 ............................................................................................................
    2001 ............................................................................................................

    4 022
    4 026

    ...
    2 416

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................

    4 059
    3 959
    3 942
    3 881
    3 891
    3 900
    3 953
    4 000
    4 065
    4 111

    2 403
    2 391
    2 337
    2 314
    2 315
    2 312
    2 279
    2 269
    2 176
    2 170

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................

    4 158
    4 041
    3 910
    3 809
    3 757
    3 761
    3 669
    3 639
    3 681
    3 629

    2 148
    2 150
    2 168
    2 123
    2 105
    2 086
    2 039
    2 019
    1 975
    1 978

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................

    3 612
    3 494
    3 333
    3 327
    3 168
    3 144
    3 160
    3 137
    3 258
    3 556

    1 990
    1 914
    1 928
    1 900
    1 909
    1 893
    1 934
    1 973
    1 964
    1 928

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................

    3 731
    3 600
    3 502
    3 521
    3 606
    3 760
    4 027
    4 098
    4 167
    4 268

    1 921
    1 922
    1 930
    1 851
    1 863
    1 828
    1 798
    1 814
    1 757
    1 702

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................

    4 258
    5 245
    4 255
    4 308
    4 218
    4 097
    4 078
    3 965
    3 913
    3 823

    1 712
    1 657
    1 648
    1 633
    1 564
    1 529
    1 481
    1 518
    1 497
    1 482

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................

    3 632
    3 649
    3 637
    3 817
    3 411
    2 858
    2 939
    3 104
    2 989
    2 703

    1 452
    1 444
    1 444
    1 445
    1 396
    1 402
    1 411
    1 460
    1 385
    1 398

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................

    2 559
    2 466
    2 496
    2 413
    2 355
    2 377
    2 396
    2 307
    2 440
    2 506

    1 417
    1 388
    1 381
    1 450
    1 479
    1 393
    1 397
    1 342
    ...
    ...

    1For

    19601991 includes births to races not shown separately. For 1992 and later years, unknown race of mother is imputed. 19591970, registered live births; 19091958, adjusted for
    under-registration.
    fetal deaths.
    . . . = Not available.
    2Excludes

    SECTION 4: BIRTHS AND DEATHS

    65

    Table 4-1Series B 1-2. Live Births and Deaths, 19092002Continued


    (Number in thousands.)
    Year

    Live births 1

    Deaths 2

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................

    2 618
    2 582
    2 674
    2 802
    2 839
    2 909
    2 979
    2 910
    2 882
    3 055

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................
    ............................................................................................................

    2 950
    2 740
    2 948
    2 944
    2 964
    2 965
    2 966
    2 869
    2 840
    2 809

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1910 ............................................................................................................
    1909 ............................................................................................................

    2 777
    2 718

    ...
    ...

    Source: National Center for Health Statistics. Births: Final Data for 2002 and Deaths: Final Data for 2001.
    1For

    19601991 includes births to races not shown separately. For 1992 and later years, unknown race of mother is imputed. 19591970, registered live births; 19091958, adjusted for
    under-registration.
    fetal deaths.
    . . . = Not available.
    2Excludes

    66

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 4-2Series B 5-10. Birth RateTotal and Fertility Rate for Women 1544 Years Old, by Race,
    18002002
    (Number in thousands.)
    Fertility rate, women 1544 years 1

    Birth rate, total population


    Year
    Total

    White

    Black

    Total

    White

    Black

    Race of Mother
    2002 ............................................
    2001 ............................................

    13.9
    14.1

    13.5
    13.7

    15.7
    16.3

    64.8
    65.3

    64.8
    65.0

    65.8
    67.6

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................
    1992 ............................................
    1991 ............................................

    14.4
    14.2
    14.3
    14.2
    14.4
    14.6
    15.0
    15.4
    15.8
    16.2

    13.9
    13.7
    13.8
    13.7
    13.9
    14.1
    14.3
    14.6
    15.0
    15.3

    17.0
    16.8
    17.1
    17.1
    17.3
    17.8
    19.1
    20.2
    21.1
    21.8

    65.9
    64.4
    64.3
    63.6
    64.1
    64.6
    65.9
    67.0
    68.4
    69.3

    65.3
    64.0
    63.6
    62.8
    63.3
    63.6
    64.2
    64.9
    66.1
    66.7

    70.0
    68.5
    69.4
    69.0
    69.2
    71.0
    75.9
    79.6
    82.4
    84.8

    1990 ............................................
    1989 ............................................
    1988 ............................................
    1987 ............................................
    1986 ............................................
    1985 ............................................
    1984 ............................................
    1983 ............................................
    1982 ............................................
    1981 ............................................

    16.7
    16.4
    16.0
    15.7
    15.6
    15.8
    15.6
    15.6
    15.9
    15.8

    15.8
    15.4
    15.0
    14.9
    14.8
    15.0
    14.8
    14.8
    15.1
    15.0

    22.4
    22.3
    21.5
    20.8
    20.5
    20.4
    20.1
    20.2
    20.7
    20.8

    70.9
    69.2
    67.3
    65.8
    65.4
    66.3
    65.5
    65.7
    67.3
    67.3

    68.3
    66.4
    64.5
    63.3
    63.1
    64.1
    63.2
    63.4
    64.8
    64.8

    86.8
    86.2
    82.6
    80.1
    78.9
    78.8
    78.2
    78.7
    80.9
    82.0

    1980 ............................................

    15.9

    15.1

    21.3

    68.4

    65.6

    84.7

    Race of Child
    1980 ............................................
    1979 ............................................
    1978 ............................................
    1977 ............................................
    1976 ............................................
    1975 ............................................
    1974 ............................................
    1973 ............................................
    1972 ............................................
    1971 ............................................

    15.9
    15.6
    15.0
    15.1
    14.6
    14.6
    14.8
    14.8
    15.6
    17.2

    14.9
    14.5
    14.0
    14.1
    13.6
    13.6
    13.9
    13.8
    14.5
    16.1

    22.1
    22.0
    21.3
    21.4
    20.5
    20.7
    20.8
    21.4
    22.5
    24.4

    68.4
    67.2
    65.5
    66.8
    65.0
    66.0
    67.8
    68.8
    73.1
    81.6

    64.7
    63.4
    61.7
    63.2
    61.5
    62.5
    64.2
    64.9
    68.9
    77.3

    88.1
    88.3
    86.7
    88.1
    85.8
    87.9
    89.7
    93.6
    99.9
    109.7

    1970 ............................................
    1969 ............................................
    1968 ............................................
    1967 2 .........................................
    1966 ............................................
    1965 ............................................
    1964 ............................................
    1963 3 .........................................
    1962 3 .........................................
    1961 ............................................

    18.4
    17.9
    17.6
    17.8
    18.4
    19.4
    21.1
    21.7
    22.4
    23.3

    17.4
    16.9
    16.6
    16.8
    17.4
    18.3
    20.0
    20.7
    21.4
    22.2

    25.3
    24.4
    24.2
    25.1
    26.2
    27.7
    29.5
    29.7
    30.5
    34.6

    87.9
    86.1
    85.2
    87.2
    90.8
    96.3
    104.7
    108.5
    112.2
    117.2

    84.1
    82.2
    81.3
    82.8
    86.2
    91.3
    99.8
    103.7
    107.5
    112.2

    115.4
    112.1
    112.7
    118.5
    124.7
    133.2
    142.6
    144.9
    148.8
    153.5

    1960* ..........................................
    1959 4 .........................................
    1958 ............................................
    1957 ............................................
    1956 ............................................
    1955 ............................................
    1954 ............................................
    1953 ............................................
    1952 ............................................
    1951 ............................................

    23.7
    24.0
    24.5
    25.3
    25.2
    25.0
    25.3
    25.0
    25.1
    24.9

    22.7
    22.9
    23.3
    24.0
    24.0
    23.8
    24.2
    24.0
    24.1
    23.9

    32.1
    32.9
    34.3
    35.3
    35.4
    34.7
    34.9
    34.1
    33.6
    33.8

    118.0
    118.8
    120.2
    122.9
    121.2
    118.5
    118.1
    115.2
    113.9
    111.5

    113.2
    113.9
    114.9
    117.7
    116.0
    113.8
    113.6
    111.0
    110.1
    107.7

    153.6
    156.0
    160.5
    163.0
    160.9
    155.3
    153.2
    147.3
    143.3
    142.1

    1950 ............................................
    1949 ............................................
    1948 ............................................
    1947 ............................................
    1946 ............................................
    1945 ............................................
    1944 ............................................
    1943 ............................................
    1942 ............................................
    1941 ............................................

    24.1
    24.5
    24.9
    26.6
    24.1
    20.4
    21.2
    22.7
    22.2
    20.3

    23.0
    23.6
    24.0
    26.1
    23.6
    19.7
    20.5
    22.1
    21.5
    19.5

    33.3
    33.0
    32.4
    31.2
    38.4
    26.5
    27.4
    28.3
    27.7
    27.3

    106.2
    107.1
    107.3
    113.3
    101.9
    85.9
    88.8
    94.3
    91.5
    83.4

    102.3
    103.6
    104.3
    111.8
    100.4
    83.4
    86.3
    92.3
    89.5
    80.7

    137.3
    135.1
    131.6
    125.9
    113.9
    106.0
    108.5
    111.0
    107.6
    105.4

    1Computed by relating total births, regardless of age of mother, to women aged


    2For 18001970, Black and other.
    3Figures by race exclude New Jersey; state did not require reporting of race.
    4Includes Alaska.

    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    1544 years.

    SECTION 4: BIRTHS AND DEATHS

    67

    Table 4-2Series B 5-10. Birth RateTotal and Fertility Rate for Women 1544 Years Old, by Race,
    18002002Continued
    (Number in thousands.)
    Fertility rate, women 1544 years 1

    Birth rate, total population


    Year
    Total

    White

    Black

    Total

    White

    Black

    1940 ............................................
    1939 ............................................
    1938 ............................................
    1937 ............................................
    1936 ............................................
    1935 ............................................
    1934 ............................................
    1933 ............................................
    1932 ............................................
    1931 ............................................

    19.4
    18.8
    19.2
    18.7
    18.4
    18.7
    19.0
    18.4
    19.5
    20.2

    18.6
    18.0
    18.4
    17.9
    17.6
    17.9
    18.1
    17.6
    18.7
    19.5

    26.7
    26.1
    26.3
    26.0
    25.1
    25.8
    26.3
    25.5
    26.9
    26.6

    79.9
    77.6
    79.1
    77.1
    75.8
    77.2
    78.5
    76.3
    81.7
    84.6

    77.1
    74.8
    76.5
    74.4
    73.3
    74.5
    75.8
    73.7
    79.0
    82.4

    102.4
    100.1
    100.5
    99.4
    95.9
    98.4
    100.4
    97.3
    103.0
    102.1

    1930 ............................................
    1929 ............................................
    1928 ............................................
    1927 ............................................
    1926 ............................................
    1925 ............................................
    1924 ............................................
    1923 ............................................
    1922 ............................................
    1921 ............................................

    21.3
    21.2
    22.2
    23.5
    24.2
    25.1
    26.1
    26.0
    26.2
    28.1

    20.6
    20.5
    21.5
    22.7
    23.1
    24.1
    25.1
    25.2
    25.4
    27.3

    27.5
    27.3
    28.5
    31.1
    33.4
    34.2
    34.6
    33.2
    33.2
    35.8

    89.2
    89.3
    93.8
    99.8
    102.6
    106.6
    110.9
    110.5
    111.2
    119.8

    87.1
    87.3
    91.7
    97.1
    99.2
    103.3
    107.8
    108.0
    108.8
    117.2

    105.9
    106.1
    111.0
    121.7
    130.3
    134.0
    135.6
    130.5
    130.8
    140.8

    1920 ............................................
    1919 ............................................
    1918 ............................................
    1917 ............................................
    1916 ............................................
    1915 ............................................
    1914 ............................................
    1913 ............................................
    1912 ............................................
    1911 ............................................

    27.7
    26.1
    28.2
    28.5
    29.1
    29.5
    29.9
    29.5
    29.8
    29.9

    26.9
    25.3
    27.6
    27.9
    28.5
    28.9
    29.3
    28.8
    29.0
    29.1

    35.0
    32.4
    33.0
    32.9
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    117.9
    111.2
    119.8
    121.0
    123.4
    125.0
    126.6
    124.7
    125.8
    126.3

    115.4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    121.8
    123.2
    124.6
    122.4
    123.3
    123.6

    137.5
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1910 ............................................
    1909 ............................................

    30.1
    30.0

    29.2
    29.2

    ...
    ...

    126.8
    126.8

    123.8
    123.6

    ...
    ...

    1900 ............................................
    1890 ............................................
    1880 ............................................
    1870 ............................................
    1860 ............................................
    1850 ............................................
    1840 ............................................
    1830 ............................................
    1820 ............................................
    1810 ............................................
    1800 ............................................

    32.3
    ...
    39.8
    ...
    44.3
    ...
    51.8
    ...
    55.2
    ...
    ...

    30.1
    31.5
    35.2
    38.3
    41.4
    43.3
    48.3
    51.4
    52.8
    54.3
    55.0

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    130.0
    137.0
    155.0
    167.0
    184.0
    194.0
    222.0
    240.0
    260.0
    274.0
    278.0

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: National Center for Health Statistics. Births: Final Data for 2002
    1Computed by relating total births, regardless of age of mother, to women aged 1544 years.
    . . . = Not available.

    68

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 4-3Series B 11-19. Fertility Rate, by Race, 19172002


    (Fertility rate is the number of births that 1,000 women would have in their lifetime, if at each year of age, they experienced the birth rates
    occurring in the specified year.)
    Total fertility rate
    Year
    Total

    White

    Black

    American Indian

    Asian or Pacific Islander

    Race of Mother
    2002 ............................................
    2001 ............................................

    2 013
    2 034

    2 028
    2 040

    1 991
    2 051

    1 735
    1 747

    1 820
    1 840

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................
    1992 ............................................
    1991 ............................................

    2 056
    2 008
    1 999
    1 971
    1 976
    1 978
    2 002
    2 020
    2 046
    2 063

    2 051
    2 008
    1 991
    1 955
    1 961
    1 955
    1 958
    1 962
    1 978
    1 988

    2 129
    2 083
    2 112
    2 092
    2 089
    2 128
    2 259
    2 351
    2 416
    2 462

    1 773
    1 784
    1 851
    1 835
    1 855
    1 879
    1 950
    2 049
    2 136
    2 143

    1 892
    1 755
    1 732
    1 758
    1 787
    1 796
    1 834
    1 842
    1 895
    1 928

    1990 ............................................
    1989 ............................................
    1988 ............................................
    1987 ............................................
    1986 ............................................
    1985 ............................................
    1984 ............................................
    1983 ............................................
    1982 ............................................
    1981 ............................................

    2 081
    2 014
    1 934
    1 872
    1 838
    1 844
    1 807
    1 799
    1 828
    1 812

    2 003
    1 931
    1 857
    1 805
    1 776
    1 787
    1 749
    1 741
    1 767
    1 748

    2 480
    2 433
    2 298
    2 198
    2 136
    2 109
    2 071
    2 066
    2 107
    2 118

    2 185
    2 249
    2 155
    2 101
    2 083
    2 130
    2 138
    2 182
    2 215
    2 093

    2 003
    1 948
    1 984
    1 886
    1 836
    1 885
    1 892
    1 944
    2 016
    1 976

    1980 ............................................

    1 840

    1 773

    2 177

    2 165

    1 954

    Race of Child
    1980 ............................................
    1978 ............................................
    1977 ............................................
    1976 ............................................
    1975 ............................................
    1974 ............................................
    1973 ............................................
    1972 ............................................
    1971 ............................................

    1 808
    1 760
    1 790
    1 738
    1 774
    1 835
    1 879
    2 010
    2 267

    1 716
    1 668
    1 703
    1 652
    1 686
    1 749
    1 783
    1 907
    2 161

    2 263
    2 218
    2 251
    2 187
    2 243
    2 299
    2 411
    2 601
    2 902

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1970 ............................................
    1969 ............................................
    1968 ............................................
    1967 ............................................
    1966 ............................................
    1965 ............................................
    1964 ............................................
    1963 ............................................
    1962 ............................................
    1961 ............................................

    2 480
    2 465
    2 477
    2 573
    2 736
    2 928
    3 208
    3 333
    3 474
    3 629

    2 385
    2 360
    2 368
    2 453
    2 609
    2 780
    3 074
    3 190
    3 340
    3 502

    3 100
    3 043
    3 100
    3 312
    3 545
    3 829
    4 139
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1960 ............................................
    1959 ............................................
    1958 ............................................
    1957 ............................................
    1956 ............................................
    1955 ............................................
    1954 ............................................
    1953 ............................................
    1952 ............................................
    1951 ............................................

    3 654
    3 670
    3 630
    3 680
    3 600
    3 500
    3 460
    3 350
    3 290
    3 200

    3 533
    3 544
    3 530
    3 580
    3 500
    3 400
    3 370
    3 270
    3 210
    3 120

    4 542
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1950 ............................................
    1949 ............................................
    1948 ............................................
    1947 ............................................
    1946 ............................................
    1945 ............................................
    1944 ............................................
    1943 ............................................
    1942 ............................................
    1941 ............................................

    3 030
    3 040
    3 030
    3 180
    2 860
    2 420
    2 490
    2 640
    2 550
    2 330

    2 950
    2 960
    2 970
    3 170
    2 840
    2 380
    2 450
    2 610
    2 530
    2 280

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1940 ............................................
    1939 ............................................
    1938 ............................................
    1937 ............................................
    1936 ............................................
    1935 ............................................
    1934 ............................................
    1933 ............................................
    1932 ............................................
    1931 ............................................

    2 230
    2 172
    2 222
    2 173
    2 146
    2 189
    2 232
    2 172
    2 319
    2 402

    2 180
    2 120
    2 175
    2 121
    2 101
    2 141
    2 181
    2 126
    2 271
    2 369

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1930 ............................................
    1929 ............................................
    1928 ............................................
    1927 ............................................
    1926 ............................................
    1925 ............................................
    1924 ............................................
    1923 ............................................
    1922 ............................................
    1921 ............................................

    2 533
    2 532
    2 660
    2 824
    2 901
    3 012
    3 121
    3 101
    3 109
    3 326

    2 506
    2 506
    2 632
    2 783
    2 839
    2 949
    3 069
    3 063
    3 072
    3 282

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1920 ............................................
    1919 ............................................
    1918 ............................................
    1917 ............................................

    3 263
    3 068
    3 312
    3 333

    3 219
    3 025
    3 288
    3 312

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: National Center for Health Statistics. Births: Final Data for 2002
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 4: BIRTHS AND DEATHS

    69

    Table 4-4Series B 28-35. Birth Rates of Unmarried Women Ages 1544 Years, by Age of Mother,
    19402002
    (Rates are live births per 1,000 unmarried females in specified group.)
    Year

    Birth rates

    Births
    (thousands)

    1544 years

    1519 years

    2024 years

    2529 years

    3034 years

    3539 years

    4044 years

    Race of Mother
    2002 ............................................
    2001 ............................................

    1 366
    1 349

    43.7
    43.8

    35.4
    37.0

    70.5
    71.2

    61.5
    59.5

    40.8
    40.4

    20.8
    20.4

    5.4
    5.3

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................
    1992 ............................................
    1991 ............................................

    1 347
    1 305
    1 294
    1 257
    1 260
    1 254
    1 290
    1 240
    1 225
    1 214

    44.0
    43.3
    43.3
    42.9
    43.8
    44.3
    46.2
    44.8
    44.9
    45.0

    39.0
    39.7
    40.9
    41.4
    42.2
    43.8
    45.8
    44.0
    44.2
    44.6

    72.1
    70.7
    70.4
    68.9
    68.9
    68.7
    70.9
    68.3
    67.9
    67.8

    58.5
    56.8
    55.4
    53.4
    54.5
    54.3
    57.4
    55.9
    55.6
    56.0

    39.3
    38.1
    38.1
    37.9
    40.1
    38.9
    39.6
    38.0
    37.6
    37.9

    19.7
    19.0
    18.7
    18.7
    19.9
    19.3
    19.7
    18.9
    18.8
    17.9

    5.0
    4.6
    4.6
    4.6
    4.8
    4.7
    4.7
    4.4
    4.1
    3.8

    1990 ............................................
    1989 ............................................
    1988 ............................................
    1987 ............................................
    1986 ............................................
    1985 ............................................
    1984 ............................................
    1983 ............................................
    1982 ............................................
    1981 ............................................

    1 165
    1 094
    1 005
    933
    878
    828
    770
    738
    715
    687

    43.8
    41.6
    38.5
    36.0
    34.2
    32.8
    31.0
    30.3
    30.0
    29.5

    42.5
    40.1
    36.4
    33.8
    32.3
    31.4
    30.0
    29.5
    28.7
    27.9

    65.1
    61.2
    56.0
    52.6
    49.3
    46.5
    43.0
    41.8
    41.5
    41.1

    56.0
    52.8
    48.5
    44.5
    42.2
    39.9
    37.1
    35.5
    35.1
    34.5

    37.6
    34.9
    32.0
    29.6
    27.2
    25.2
    23.3
    22.4
    21.9
    20.8

    17.3
    16.0
    15.0
    13.5
    12.2
    11.6
    10.9
    10.2
    10.0
    9.8

    3.6
    3.4
    3.2
    2.9
    2.7
    2.5
    2.5
    2.6
    2.7
    2.6

    Race of Child
    1980 ............................................
    1975 ............................................

    666
    448

    29.4
    28.4

    27.6
    27.5

    40.9
    39.7

    34.0
    31.4

    21.1
    18.5

    9.7
    8.4

    2.6
    2.3

    1970 ............................................
    1969 ............................................
    1968 ............................................
    1967 ............................................
    1966 ............................................
    1965 ............................................
    1964 ............................................
    1963 ............................................
    1962 ............................................
    1961 ............................................

    399
    361
    339
    318
    302
    291
    276
    259
    245
    240

    24.5
    26.4
    24.4
    23.9
    23.4
    23.5
    23.0
    22.5
    21.9
    22.7

    23.9
    22.4
    19.8
    18.6
    17.5
    16.7
    15.8
    15.2
    14.8
    15.9

    31.2
    38.4
    37.3
    38.3
    39.1
    39.9
    39.9
    40.3
    40.9
    41.7

    27.5
    37.0
    38.6
    41.4
    45.6
    49.3
    50.2
    49.0
    46.7
    46.5

    17.9
    27.1
    28.2
    29.2
    33.0
    37.5
    37.2
    33.2
    29.7
    28.3

    9.1
    13.6
    14.9
    15.4
    16.4
    17.4
    16.3
    16.1
    15.6
    15.4

    2.6
    3.5
    3.8
    4.0
    4.1
    4.5
    4.4
    4.3
    4.0
    3.9

    1960 ............................................
    1959 ............................................
    1958 ............................................
    1957 ............................................
    1956 ............................................
    1955 ............................................
    1954 ............................................
    1953 ............................................
    1952 ............................................
    1951 ............................................

    224
    221
    209
    202
    194
    183
    177
    161
    150
    147

    21.6
    21.9
    21.2
    21.0
    20.4
    19.3
    18.7
    16.9
    15.8
    15.1

    15.3
    15.5
    15.3
    15.8
    15.6
    15.1
    14.9
    13.9
    13.5
    13.2

    39.7
    40.2
    38.2
    37.3
    36.4
    33.5
    31.4
    28.0
    25.4
    23.2

    45.1
    44.1
    40.5
    36.8
    35.6
    33.5
    31.0
    27.6
    24.8
    22.8

    27.8
    28.1
    27.5
    26.8
    24.6
    22.0
    20.4
    17.3
    15.7
    14.6

    14.1
    14.1
    13.3
    12.1
    11.1
    10.5
    10.3
    9.0
    8.2
    7.6

    3.6
    3.3
    3.2
    3.1
    2.8
    2.7
    2.5
    2.4
    1.9
    2.2

    1950 ............................................
    1949 ............................................
    1948 ............................................
    1947 ............................................
    1946 ............................................
    1945 ............................................
    1944 ............................................
    1943 ............................................
    1942 ............................................
    1941 ............................................

    142
    133
    130
    132
    125
    117
    105
    98
    97
    96

    14.1
    13.3
    12.5
    12.1
    10.9
    10.1
    9.0
    8.3
    8.0
    7.8

    12.6
    12.0
    11.4
    11.0
    9.5
    9.5
    8.8
    8.4
    8.2
    8.0

    21.3
    21.0
    19.8
    18.9
    17.3
    15.3
    13.1
    11.4
    11.0
    10.5

    19.9
    18.0
    16.4
    15.7
    15.6
    12.1
    10.1
    8.8
    8.4
    7.8

    13.3
    11.4
    10.0
    9.2
    7.3
    7.1
    7.0
    6.7
    6.3
    6.0

    7.2
    6.8
    5.8
    5.6
    4.4
    4.1
    4.0
    3.8
    3.8
    3.7

    2.0
    1.9
    1.6
    1.8
    1.8
    1.6
    1.3
    1.3
    1.2
    1.4

    1940 ............................................

    90

    7.1

    7.4

    9.5

    7.2

    5.1

    3.4

    1.2

    Source: National Center for Health Statistics. Births: Final Data for 2002

    70

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 4-5Series B 107-115. Expectation of Life at Birth, by Race and Sex, 19002010
    (Years. Prior to 1929, for death-registration only.)
    Total

    Black 1

    White

    Year
    Both sexes

    Male

    Female

    Both sexes

    Male

    Female

    Both sexes

    Male

    Female

    Projection
    2010 ............................................
    2005 ............................................

    77.9
    77.6

    74.4
    74.2

    81.3
    81.0

    78.3
    78.1

    74.9
    74.6

    81.7
    81.5

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    Estimate
    2001 ............................................

    77.2

    74.4

    79.8

    77.7

    75.0

    80.2

    72.2

    68.6

    75.5

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................

    77.0
    76.7
    76.7
    76.5
    76.1
    75.8

    74.3
    73.9
    73.8
    73.6
    73.1
    72.5

    79.7
    79.4
    79.5
    79.4
    79.1
    78.9

    77.6
    77.3
    77.3
    77.1
    76.8
    76.5

    74.9
    74.6
    74.5
    74.3
    73.9
    73.4

    80.1
    79.9
    80.0
    79.9
    79.7
    79.6

    71.9
    71.4
    71.3
    71.1
    70.2
    69.6

    68.3
    67.8
    67.6
    67.2
    66.1
    65.2

    75.2
    74.7
    74.8
    74.7
    74.2
    73.9

    1990 ............................................
    1989 ............................................
    1988 ............................................
    1987 ............................................
    1986 ............................................
    1985 ............................................
    1984 ............................................
    1983 ............................................
    1982 ............................................
    1981 ............................................

    75.7
    75.5
    75.8
    75.5
    75.4
    75.1
    74.9
    74.9
    74.7
    74.7

    72.4
    72.2
    72.3
    72.0
    71.8
    71.7
    71.4
    71.4
    71.2
    71.1

    79.0
    78.8
    79.1
    78.9
    78.8
    78.5
    78.3
    78.3
    78.2
    78.2

    76.5
    76.3
    76.5
    76.3
    76.1
    75.9
    75.6
    75.6
    75.4
    75.3

    73.3
    73.1
    73.2
    72.9
    72.7
    72.5
    72.2
    72.1
    71.9
    71.8

    79.6
    79.5
    79.8
    79.6
    79.4
    79.2
    78.9
    78.9
    78.8
    78.7

    69.5
    69.2
    69.6
    69.3
    69.1
    68.8
    68.9
    69.1
    69.1
    69.3

    64.9
    64.6
    65.0
    64.6
    64.5
    64.3
    64.4
    64.7
    64.8
    65.0

    73.9
    73.7
    73.9
    73.8
    73.6
    73.3
    73.2
    73.4
    73.4
    73.4

    1980 ............................................
    1979 ............................................
    1978 ............................................
    1977 ............................................
    1976 ............................................
    1975 ............................................
    1974 ............................................
    1973 ............................................
    1972 ............................................
    1971 ............................................

    74.7
    74.6
    74.5
    74.1
    73.7
    72.6
    71.9
    71.3
    71.1
    71.1

    71.1
    71.0
    70.8
    70.4
    70.0
    68.8
    68.1
    67.6
    67.4
    67.4

    78.2
    78.1
    78.1
    77.8
    77.4
    76.6
    75.8
    75.3
    75.1
    75.0

    75.3
    75.2
    75.1
    74.8
    74.4
    73.4
    72.7
    72.2
    72.0
    72.0

    71.8
    71.6
    71.5
    71.1
    70.7
    69.5
    68.9
    68.4
    68.3
    68.3

    78.7
    78.7
    78.7
    78.4
    78.1
    77.3
    76.6
    76.1
    75.9
    75.8

    69.5
    69.4
    69.4
    68.9
    68.1
    66.8
    67.6
    65.9
    65.6
    65.6

    65.3
    65.2
    65.1
    64.5
    63.8
    62.4
    62.9
    61.9
    61.5
    61.6

    73.6
    73.5
    73.6
    73.2
    72.5
    71.3
    71.3
    70.1
    69.9
    69.7

    1970 ............................................
    1969 ............................................
    1968 ............................................
    1967 ............................................
    1966 ............................................
    1965 ............................................
    1964 ............................................
    1963 ............................................
    1962 ............................................
    1961 ............................................

    70.9
    70.5
    70.2
    70.5
    70.1
    70.2
    70.2
    69.9
    70.0
    70.2

    67.1
    66.8
    66.6
    67.0
    66.7
    66.8
    66.9
    66.6
    66.8
    67.0

    74.8
    74.3
    74.0
    74.2
    73.8
    73.7
    73.7
    73.4
    73.4
    73.6

    71.7
    71.3
    71.1
    71.3
    71.0
    71.0
    71.0
    70.8
    70.9
    71.0

    68.0
    67.8
    67.5
    67.8
    67.6
    67.6
    67.7
    67.5
    67.6
    67.8

    75.6
    75.1
    74.9
    75.1
    74.7
    74.7
    74.6
    74.4
    74.4
    74.5

    65.3
    64.3
    63.7
    64.6
    64.0
    64.1
    64.1
    63.6
    64.1
    64.4

    61.3
    60.5
    60.1
    61.1
    60.7
    61.1
    61.1
    60.9
    61.5
    61.9

    69.4
    68.4
    67.5
    68.2
    67.4
    67.4
    67.2
    66.5
    66.8
    67.0

    1960* ..........................................
    1959 ............................................
    1958 ............................................
    1957 ............................................
    1956 ............................................
    1955 ............................................
    1954 ............................................
    1953 ............................................
    1952 ............................................
    1951 ............................................

    69.7
    69.9
    69.6
    69.5
    69.7
    69.6
    69.6
    68.8
    68.6
    68.4

    66.6
    66.8
    66.6
    66.4
    66.7
    66.7
    66.7
    66.0
    65.8
    65.6

    73.1
    73.2
    72.9
    72.7
    72.9
    72.8
    72.8
    72.0
    71.6
    71.4

    70.6
    70.7
    70.5
    70.3
    70.5
    70.5
    70.5
    69.7
    69.5
    69.3

    67.4
    67.5
    67.4
    67.7
    67.5
    67.4
    67.5
    66.8
    66.6
    66.5

    74.1
    74.2
    73.9
    73.7
    73.9
    73.7
    73.7
    73.0
    72.6
    72.4

    63.6
    63.9
    63.4
    63.0
    63.6
    63.7
    63.4
    62.0
    61.4
    61.2

    61.1
    61.3
    61.0
    60.7
    61.3
    61.4
    61.1
    59.7
    59.1
    59.2

    66.3
    66.5
    65.8
    65.5
    66.1
    66.1
    65.9
    64.5
    63.8
    63.4

    1950 ............................................
    1949 ............................................
    1948 ............................................
    1947 ............................................
    1946 ............................................
    1945 ............................................
    1944 ............................................
    1943 ............................................
    1942 ............................................
    1941 ............................................

    68.2
    68.0
    67.2
    66.8
    66.7
    65.9
    65.2
    63.3
    66.2
    64.8

    65.6
    65.2
    64.6
    64.4
    64.4
    63.6
    63.6
    62.4
    64.7
    63.1

    71.1
    70.7
    69.9
    69.7
    69.4
    67.9
    66.8
    64.4
    67.9
    66.8

    69.1
    68.8
    68.0
    67.6
    67.5
    66.8
    66.2
    64.2
    67.3
    66.2

    66.5
    66.2
    65.5
    65.2
    65.1
    64.4
    64.5
    63.2
    65.9
    64.4

    72.2
    71.9
    71.0
    70.5
    70.3
    69.5
    68.4
    65.7
    69.4
    68.5

    60.8
    60.6
    60.0
    59.7
    59.1
    57.7
    56.6
    55.6
    56.6
    53.8

    59.1
    58.9
    58.1
    57.9
    57.5
    56.1
    55.8
    55.4
    55.4
    52.5

    62.9
    62.7
    62.5
    61.9
    61.0
    59.6
    57.7
    56.1
    58.2
    55.3

    1940 ............................................
    1939 ............................................
    1938 ............................................
    1937 ............................................
    1936 ............................................
    1935 ............................................
    1934 ............................................
    1933 ............................................
    1932 ............................................
    1931 ............................................

    62.9
    63.7
    63.5
    60.0
    58.5
    61.7
    61.1
    63.3
    62.1
    61.1

    60.8
    62.1
    61.9
    58.0
    56.6
    59.9
    59.3
    61.7
    61.0
    59.4

    65.2
    65.4
    65.3
    62.4
    60.6
    63.9
    63.3
    65.1
    63.5
    63.1

    64.2
    64.9
    65.0
    61.4
    59.8
    62.9
    62.4
    64.3
    63.2
    62.6

    62.1
    63.3
    63.2
    59.3
    58.0
    61.0
    50.6
    62.7
    62.0
    60.8

    66.6
    66.6
    66.8
    63.8
    61.9
    65.0
    64.6
    66.3
    64.5
    64.7

    53.1
    54.5
    52.9
    50.3
    49.0
    53.1
    51.8
    54.7
    53.7
    50.4

    51.5
    53.2
    51.7
    48.3
    47.0
    51.3
    50.2
    53.5
    52.8
    49.5

    54.9
    56.0
    54.3
    52.5
    51.4
    55.2
    53.7
    56.0
    54.6
    51.5

    1Before 1970, Black and others.


    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 4: BIRTHS AND DEATHS

    71

    Table 4-5Series B 107-115. Expectation of Life at Birth, by Race and Sex, 19002010Continued
    (Years. Prior to 1929, for death-registration only.)
    Total

    Black 1

    White

    Year
    Both sexes

    Male

    Female

    Both sexes

    Male

    Female

    Both sexes

    Male

    Female

    1930 ............................................
    1929 ............................................
    1928 ............................................
    1927 ............................................
    1926 ............................................
    1925 ............................................
    1924 ............................................
    1923 ............................................
    1922 ............................................
    1921 ............................................

    59.7
    57.1
    56.8
    60.4
    56.7
    59.0
    59.7
    57.2
    59.6
    60.8

    58.1
    55.8
    55.6
    59.0
    55.5
    57.6
    58.1
    56.1
    58.4
    60.0

    61.6
    58.7
    58.3
    62.1
    58.0
    60.6
    61.5
    58.5
    61.0
    61.8

    61.4
    58.6
    58.4
    62.0
    58.2
    60.7
    61.4
    58.3
    60.4
    61.8

    59.7
    57.2
    57.0
    60.5
    57.0
    59.3
    59.8
    57.1
    59.1
    60.8

    63.5
    60.3
    60.0
    63.9
    59.6
    62.4
    63.4
    59.6
    61.9
    62.9

    48.1
    46.7
    46.3
    48.2
    44.6
    45.7
    46.6
    48.3
    52.4
    51.5

    47.3
    45.7
    45.6
    47.6
    43.7
    44.9
    45.5
    47.7
    51.8
    51.6

    49.2
    47.8
    47.0
    48.9
    45.6
    46.7
    47.8
    48.9
    53.0
    51.3

    1920 ............................................
    1919 ............................................
    1918 ............................................
    1917 ............................................
    1916 ............................................
    1915 ............................................
    1914 ............................................
    1913 ............................................
    1912 ............................................
    1911 ............................................

    54.1
    54.7
    39.1
    50.9
    51.7
    54.5
    54.2
    52.5
    53.5
    52.6

    53.6
    53.5
    36.6
    48.4
    49.6
    52.5
    52.0
    50.3
    51.5
    50.9

    54.6
    56.0
    42.2
    54.0
    54.3
    56.8
    56.8
    55.0
    55.9
    54.4

    54.9
    55.8
    39.8
    52.0
    52.5
    55.1
    54.9
    53.0
    53.9
    53.0

    54.4
    54.5
    37.1
    49.3
    50.2
    53.1
    52.7
    50.8
    51.9
    51.3

    55.6
    57.4
    43.2
    55.3
    55.2
    57.5
    57.5
    55.7
    56.2
    54.9

    45.3
    44.5
    31.1
    38.8
    41.3
    38.9
    38.9
    38.4
    37.9
    36.4

    45.5
    44.5
    29.9
    37.0
    39.6
    37.5
    37.1
    36.7
    35.9
    34.6

    45.2
    44.4
    32.5
    40.8
    43.1
    40.5
    40.8
    40.3
    40.0
    38.2

    1910 ............................................
    1909 ............................................
    1908 ............................................
    1907 ............................................
    1906 ............................................
    1905 ............................................
    1904 ............................................
    1903 ............................................
    1902 ............................................
    1901 ............................................

    50.0
    52.1
    51.1
    47.6
    48.7
    48.7
    47.6
    50.5
    51.5
    49.1

    48.4
    50.5
    49.5
    45.6
    46.9
    47.3
    46.2
    49.1
    49.8
    47.6

    51.8
    53.8
    52.8
    49.9
    50.8
    50.2
    49.1
    52.0
    53.4
    50.6

    50.3
    52.5
    51.5
    48.1
    49.3
    49.1
    48.0
    50.9
    51.9
    49.4

    48.6
    50.9
    49.9
    46.0
    47.3
    47.6
    46.6
    49.5
    50.2
    48.0

    52.0
    54.2
    53.3
    50.4
    51.4
    50.6
    49.5
    52.5
    53.8
    51.0

    35.6
    35.7
    34.9
    32.5
    32.9
    31.3
    30.8
    33.1
    34.6
    33.7

    33.8
    34.2
    33.8
    31.1
    31.8
    29.6
    29.1
    31.7
    32.9
    32.2

    37.5
    37.3
    36.0
    34.0
    33.9
    33.1
    32.7
    34.6
    36.4
    35.3

    1900 ............................................

    47.3

    46.3

    48.3

    47.6

    46.6

    48.7

    33.0

    32.5

    33.5

    Source: National Center for Health Statistics. Births: Final Data for 2002
    1Before

    1970, Black and others.

    72

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 4-6Series B 136-147. Fetal Death Ratio and Neonatal, Infant, and Maternal Mortality Rates, by Race,
    19152001
    (Prior to 1933, for registration area only.)
    Fetal death ratio
    per 1,000 live births

    Neonatal mortality rate


    per 1,000 live births

    Infant mortality rate


    per 1,000 live births

    Maternal mortality rate


    per 100,000 live births

    Year
    Total

    White

    Black and
    other

    Total

    White

    Black and
    other

    Total

    White

    Black and
    other

    Total

    White

    Black and
    other

    2001 ............................................

    ...

    ...

    ...

    4.5

    3.8

    7.4

    6.8

    5.7

    11.3

    9.9

    7.2

    20.2

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................
    1992 ............................................
    1991 ............................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    7.4
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    6.3
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    11.7
    ...

    4.6
    4.7
    4.8
    4.8
    4.8
    4.9
    5.1
    5.3
    5.4
    5.6

    3.8
    3.9
    4.0
    4.0
    4.0
    4.1
    4.2
    4.3
    4.3
    4.5

    7.6
    7.9
    7.9
    7.7
    7.9
    8.1
    8.6
    9.0
    9.2
    9.5

    6.9
    7.1
    7.2
    7.2
    7.3
    7.6
    8.0
    8.4
    8.5
    8.9

    5.7
    5.8
    6.0
    6.0
    6.1
    6.3
    6.6
    6.8
    6.9
    7.3

    11.4
    11.9
    11.9
    11.8
    12.2
    12.6
    13.5
    14.1
    14.4
    15.1

    9.8
    9.9
    7.1
    8.4
    7.6
    7.1
    8.3
    7.5
    7.8
    ...

    7.5
    6.8
    5.1
    5.8
    5.1
    4.2
    6.2
    4.8
    5.0
    ...

    18.0
    21.4
    14.9
    18.3
    16.9
    18.5
    16.2
    17.6
    18.2
    ...

    1990 ............................................
    1989 ............................................
    1988 ............................................
    1987 ............................................
    1986 ............................................
    1985 ............................................
    1984 ............................................
    1983 ............................................
    1982 ............................................
    1981 ............................................

    7.5
    7.5
    7.5
    7.7
    7.7
    7.9
    8.2
    8.5
    8.9
    9.0

    6.4
    6.4
    6.4
    6.7
    6.8
    7.0
    7.4
    7.5
    7.9
    8.0

    11.9
    11.4
    11.4
    11.5
    11.2
    11.3
    11.5
    12.4
    12.7
    12.8

    5.8
    6.2
    6.3
    6.5
    6.7
    7.0
    7.0
    7.3
    7.7
    8.0

    4.8
    5.1
    5.3
    5.4
    5.7
    6.0
    6.1
    6.3
    6.7
    7.0

    9.9
    10.3
    10.3
    10.7
    10.8
    11.0
    10.9
    11.4
    12.0
    12.5

    9.2
    9.8
    10.0
    10.1
    10.4
    10.6
    10.8
    11.2
    11.5
    11.9

    7.6
    8.1
    8.4
    8.5
    8.8
    9.2
    9.3
    9.6
    9.9
    10.3

    15.5
    16.3
    16.1
    16.5
    16.7
    16.8
    17.1
    17.8
    18.3
    18.8

    8.2
    7.9
    8.6
    6.6
    7.2
    7.8
    7.8
    8.0
    7.9
    8.5

    5.4
    5.6
    5.9
    5.1
    4.9
    5.2
    5.4
    5.9
    5.8
    6.3

    19.1
    16.5
    17.4
    12.0
    16.0
    18.1
    16.9
    16.3
    16.4
    17.3

    1980 ............................................
    1979 ............................................
    1978 ............................................
    1977 ............................................
    1976 ............................................
    1975 ............................................
    1974 ............................................
    1973 ............................................
    1972 ............................................
    1971 ............................................

    9.2
    9.4
    9.7
    9.9
    10.5
    10.7
    11.5
    12.2
    12.7
    13.4

    8.2
    8.4
    8.5
    8.7
    9.3
    9.5
    10.2
    10.8
    11.2
    11.8

    13.4
    13.8
    14.7
    14.6
    15.2
    16.0
    17.0
    18.6
    19.5
    21.2

    8.5
    8.5
    8.9
    9.5
    9.9
    10.9
    11.6
    13.0
    13.6
    14.2

    7.4
    7.5
    7.9
    8.4
    8.7
    9.7
    10.4
    11.8
    12.4
    13.0

    13.2
    12.5
    12.9
    14.0
    14.7
    16.3
    16.8
    17.9
    19.2
    19.6

    12.6
    13.1
    13.8
    14.1
    15.2
    16.1
    16.7
    17.7
    18.5
    19.1

    10.9
    11.4
    12.0
    12.3
    13.3
    14.2
    14.8
    15.8
    16.4
    17.1

    20.2
    19.8
    21.1
    21.7
    23.5
    24.2
    24.9
    26.2
    27.7
    28.5

    9.2
    9.6
    9.6
    11.2
    12.3
    12.8
    14.6
    15.2
    18.8
    18.8

    6.7
    6.4
    6.4
    7.7
    9.0
    9.1
    10.0
    10.7
    14.3
    13.0

    19.8
    22.7
    23.0
    26.0
    26.5
    29.0
    35.1
    34.6
    38.5
    45.3

    1970 ............................................
    1969 ............................................
    1968 ............................................
    1967 ............................................
    1966 ............................................
    1965 ............................................
    1964 ............................................
    1963 ............................................
    1962 ............................................
    1961 ............................................

    14.2
    14.1
    15.8
    15.6
    15.7
    16.2
    16.4
    15.8
    15.9
    16.1

    12.4
    12.4
    13.8
    13.5
    13.6
    13.9
    14.1
    13.7
    13.9
    14.1

    22.6
    22.5
    25.6
    25.8
    26.1
    27.2
    28.2
    26.7
    26.7
    27.0

    15.1
    15.6
    16.1
    16.5
    17.2
    17.7
    17.9
    18.2
    18.3
    18.4

    13.8
    14.2
    14.7
    15.0
    15.6
    16.1
    16.2
    16.7
    16.9
    16.9

    21.4
    22.5
    23.0
    23.8
    24.8
    25.4
    26.5
    26.1
    26.1
    26.2

    20.0
    20.9
    21.8
    22.4
    23.7
    24.7
    24.8
    25.2
    25.3
    25.3

    17.8
    18.4
    19.2
    19.7
    20.6
    21.5
    21.6
    22.2
    22.3
    22.4

    30.9
    32.9
    34.5
    35.9
    38.8
    40.3
    41.1
    41.5
    41.4
    40.7

    2.2
    2.2
    2.5
    2.8
    2.9
    3.2
    3.3
    3.6
    3.5
    3.7

    1.4
    1.5
    1.7
    2.0
    2.0
    2.1
    2.2
    2.4
    2.4
    2.5

    5.6
    5.6
    6.4
    7.0
    7.2
    8.4
    9.0
    9.7
    9.6
    10.1

    1960* ..........................................
    1959 ............................................
    1958 ............................................
    1957 ............................................
    1956 ............................................
    1955 ............................................
    1954 ............................................
    1953 ............................................
    1952 ............................................
    1951 ............................................

    16.1
    16.2
    16.5
    16.3
    16.5
    17.1
    17.5
    17.8
    18.3
    18.8

    14.1
    14.2
    14.5
    14.5
    14.6
    15.2
    15.5
    15.9
    16.1
    16.7

    26.8
    27.3
    27.5
    26.8
    27.2
    28.4
    28.9
    29.6
    32.2
    32.1

    18.7
    19.0
    19.5
    19.1
    18.9
    19.1
    19.1
    19.6
    19.8
    20.0

    17.2
    17.5
    17.8
    17.5
    17.5
    17.7
    17.8
    18.3
    18.5
    18.9

    26.9
    27.7
    29.0
    27.8
    27.0
    27.2
    27.0
    27.4
    28.0
    27.3

    26.0
    26.4
    27.1
    26.3
    26.0
    26.4
    26.6
    27.8
    28.4
    28.4

    22.9
    23.2
    23.8
    23.3
    23.2
    23.6
    23.9
    25.0
    25.5
    25.8

    43.2
    44.0
    45.7
    43.7
    42.1
    42.8
    42.9
    44.7
    47.0
    44.8

    3.7
    3.7
    3.8
    4.1
    4.1
    4.7
    5.2
    6.1
    6.8
    7.5

    2.6
    2.6
    2.6
    2.8
    2.9
    3.3
    3.7
    4.4
    4.9
    5.5

    9.8
    10.2
    10.2
    11.8
    11.1
    13.0
    14.4
    16.6
    18.8
    20.1

    1950 ............................................
    1949 ............................................
    1948 ............................................
    1947 ............................................
    1946 ............................................
    1945 ............................................
    1944 ............................................
    1943 ............................................
    1942 ............................................
    1941 ............................................

    19.2
    19.8
    20.6
    21.1
    22.8
    23.9
    27.0
    26.7
    28.2
    29.9

    17.1
    17.5
    18.3
    18.7
    20.4
    21.4
    24.5
    24.2
    25.5
    26.5

    32.5
    34.6
    36.5
    39.6
    40.9
    42.0
    45.4
    46.2
    49.3
    54.0

    20.5
    21.4
    22.2
    22.8
    24.0
    24.3
    24.7
    24.7
    25.7
    27.7

    19.4
    20.3
    21.2
    21.7
    23.1
    23.3
    23.6
    23.7
    24.5
    26.1

    27.5
    28.6
    29.1
    31.0
    31.5
    32.0
    32.5
    32.9
    34.6
    39.0

    29.2
    31.3
    32.0
    32.2
    33.8
    38.3
    39.8
    40.4
    40.4
    45.3

    26.8
    28.9
    29.9
    30.1
    31.8
    35.6
    36.9
    37.5
    37.3
    41.2

    44.5
    47.3
    46.5
    48.5
    49.5
    57.0
    60.3
    62.5
    64.6
    74.8

    8.3
    9.0
    11.7
    13.5
    15.7
    20.7
    22.8
    24.5
    25.9
    31.7

    6.1
    6.8
    8.9
    10.9
    13.1
    17.2
    18.9
    21.1
    22.2
    26.6

    22.2
    23.5
    30.1
    33.5
    35.9
    45.5
    50.6
    51.0
    54.4
    67.8

    1940 ............................................
    1939 ............................................
    1938 ............................................
    1937 ............................................
    1936 ............................................
    1935 ............................................
    1934 ............................................
    1933 ............................................
    1932 ............................................
    1931 ............................................

    31.3
    32.0
    32.1
    33.4
    34.4
    35.8
    36.2
    37.0
    37.8
    38.2

    27.7
    28.2
    28.1
    29.2
    29.8
    31.1
    31.4
    32.2
    32.7
    33.4

    56.7
    59.0
    61.1
    63.2
    66.9
    68.7
    70.1
    71.1
    74.4
    74.1

    28.8
    29.3
    29.6
    31.3
    32.6
    32.4
    34.1
    34.0
    33.5
    34.6

    27.2
    27.8
    28.3
    29.7
    31.0
    31.0
    432.3
    432.1
    432.0
    33.2

    39.7
    39.6
    39.1
    42.1
    43.9
    42.7
    445.3
    445.8
    443.7
    45.2

    47.0
    48.0
    51.0
    54.4
    57.1
    55.7
    60.1
    58.1
    57.6
    61.6

    43.2
    44.3
    47.1
    50.3
    52.9
    51.9
    454.5
    452.8
    453.3
    57.4

    73.8
    74.2
    79.1
    83.2
    87.6
    83.2
    494.4
    491.3
    486.2
    93.1

    37.6
    40.4
    43.5
    48.9
    56.8
    58.2
    59.3
    61.9
    63.3
    66.1

    32.0
    35.3
    37.7
    43.6
    51.2
    53.1
    454.4
    456.4
    458.1
    60.1

    77.4
    76.2
    84.9
    85.8
    97.2
    94.6
    489.7
    496.7
    497.6
    111.4

    . . . = Not available.
    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    SECTION 4: BIRTHS AND DEATHS

    73

    Table 4-6Series B 136-147. Fetal Death Ratio and Neonatal, Infant, and Maternal Mortality Rates, by Race,
    19152001Continued
    (Prior to 1933, for registration area only.)
    Fetal death ratio
    per 1,000 live births

    Neonatal mortality rate


    per 1,000 live births

    Infant mortality rate


    per 1,000 live births

    Maternal mortality rate


    per 100,000 live births

    Year
    Total

    White

    Black and
    other

    Total

    White

    Black and
    other

    Total

    White

    Black and
    other

    Total

    White

    Black and
    other

    1930 ............................................
    1929 ............................................
    1928 ............................................
    1927 ............................................
    1926 ............................................
    1925 ............................................
    1924 ............................................
    1923 ............................................
    1922 ............................................
    1921 ............................................

    39.2
    39.5
    40.2
    38.8
    38.1
    38.1
    39.3
    38.9
    39.4
    ...

    34.0
    34.4
    35.0
    34.8
    35.1
    35.1
    35.8
    35.9
    36.4
    ...

    79.9
    79.7
    81.5
    74.8
    73.0
    73.1
    76.2
    71.8
    73.4
    ...

    35.7
    36.9
    37.2
    36.1
    37.9
    37.8
    38.6
    39.5
    39.7
    39.7

    34.2
    35.6
    35.7
    35.0
    37.1
    36.8
    37.4
    38.6
    38.8
    38.7

    47.4
    47.3
    48.8
    46.1
    48.0
    49.5
    51.2
    49.9
    49.9
    50.3

    64.6
    67.6
    68.7
    64.6
    73.3
    71.7
    70.8
    77.1
    76.2
    75.6

    60.1
    63.2
    64.0
    60.6
    70.0
    68.3
    66.8
    73.5
    73.2
    72.5

    99.9
    102.2
    106.2
    100.1
    111.8
    110.8
    112.9
    117.4
    110.0
    108.5

    67.3
    69.5
    69.2
    64.7
    65.6
    64.7
    65.6
    66.5
    66.4
    68.2

    60.9
    63.1
    62.7
    59.4
    61.9
    60.3
    60.7
    62.6
    62.8
    64.4

    117.4
    119.9
    121.0
    113.3
    107.1
    116.2
    117.9
    109.5
    106.8
    107.7

    1920 ............................................
    1919 ............................................
    1918 ............................................
    1917 ............................................
    1916 ............................................
    1915 ............................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    41.5
    41.5
    44.2
    43.4
    44.1
    44.4

    40.4
    40.3
    43.3
    42.6
    43.5
    ...

    55.0
    55.2
    60.5
    58.0
    68.9
    ...

    85.8
    86.6
    100.9
    93.8
    101.0
    99.9

    82.1
    83.0
    97.4
    90.5
    99.0
    98.6

    131.7
    130.5
    161.2
    150.7
    184.9
    181.2

    79.9
    73.7
    91.6
    66.2
    62.2
    60.8

    76.0
    69.6
    88.9
    63.2
    60.8
    60.1

    128.1
    124.4
    139.3
    117.7
    117.9
    105.6

    Source: National Center for Health Statistics. Births: Final Data for 2002
    . . . = Not available.

    74

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 4-7. Number of Deaths, Death Rates, and Age-Adjusted Death Rates, by Race and Sex, Selected
    Years, 19402001
    (Number, rate per 100,000 population.)
    All races 1
    Year

    Both
    sexes

    White

    American Indian 2

    Black

    Male

    Female

    Both
    sexes

    Female

    Male

    Female

    Both
    sexes

    Male

    Number of Deaths
    2001 .................................. 2 416 425

    1 183 421

    1 233 004

    2 079 691

    1 011 218

    1 068 473

    287 709

    145 908

    141 801

    11 977

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................

    2 403 351
    2 391 399
    2 337 256
    2 314 245
    2 314 690
    2 312 132
    2 278 994
    2 268 553
    2 175 613
    2 169 518

    1 177 578
    1 175 460
    1 157 260
    1 154 039
    1 163 569
    1 172 959
    1 162 747
    1 161 797
    1 122 336
    1 121 665

    1 225 773
    1 215 939
    1 179 996
    1 160 206
    1 151 121
    1 139 173
    1 116 247
    1 106 756
    1 053 277
    1 047 853

    2 071 287
    2 061 348
    2 015 984
    1 996 393
    1 992 966
    1 987 437
    1 959 875
    1 951 437
    1 873 781
    1 868 904

    1 007 191
    1 005 335
    990 190
    986 884
    991 984
    997 277
    988 823
    988 329
    956 957
    956 497

    1 064 096
    1 056 013
    1 025 794
    1 009 509
    1 000 982
    990 160
    971 052
    963 108
    916 824
    912 407

    285 826
    285 064
    278 440
    276 520
    282 089
    286 401
    282 379
    282 151
    269 219
    269 525

    145 184
    145 703
    143 417
    144 110
    149 472
    154 175
    153 019
    153 502
    146 630
    147 331

    140 642
    139 361
    135 023
    132 410
    132 617
    132 226
    129 360
    128 649
    122 589
    122 194

    11 363
    11 312
    10 845
    10 576
    10 127
    9 997
    9 637
    9 579
    8 953
    8 621

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................

    2 148 463
    2 150 466
    2 167 999
    2 123 323
    2 105 361
    2 086 440
    2 039 369
    2 019 201
    1 974 797
    1 977 981

    1 113 417
    1 114 190
    1 125 540
    1 107 958
    1 104 005
    1 097 758
    1 076 514
    1 071 923
    1 056 440
    1 063 772

    1 035 046
    1 036 276
    1 042 459
    1 015 365
    1 001 356
    988 682
    962 855
    947 278
    918 357
    914 209

    1 853 254
    1 853 841
    1 876 906
    1 843 067
    1 831 083
    1 819 054
    1 781 897
    1 765 582
    1 729 085
    1 731 233

    950 812
    950 852
    965 419
    953 382
    952 554
    950 455
    934 529
    931 779
    919 239
    925 490

    902 442
    902 989
    911 487
    889 685
    878 529
    868 599
    847 368
    833 803
    809 846
    805 743

    265 498
    267 642
    264 019
    254 814
    250 326
    244 207
    235 884
    233 124
    226 513
    228 560

    145 359
    146 393
    144 228
    139 551
    137 214
    133 610
    129 147
    127 911
    125 610
    127 296

    120 139
    121 249
    119 791
    115 263
    113 112
    110 597
    106 737
    105 213
    100 903
    101 264

    1980
    1970
    1960
    1950
    1940

    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................

    1 989 841
    1 921 031
    1 711 982
    1 452 454
    1 417 269

    1 075 078
    1 078 478
    975 648
    827 749
    791 003

    914 763
    842 553
    736 334
    624 705
    626 266

    1 738 607
    1 682 096
    1 505 335
    1 276 085
    1 231 223

    933 878
    942 437
    860 857
    731 366
    690 901

    804 729
    739 659
    644 478
    544 719
    540 322

    233 135
    225 647
    196 010
    169 606
    178 743

    130 138
    127 540
    107 701
    92 004
    95 517

    Death Rate
    2001 ..................................

    848.5

    846.4

    850.4

    895.1

    881.9

    907.9

    773.5

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................

    854.0
    857.0
    847.3
    848.8
    859.2
    868.3
    866.1
    872.8
    848.1
    857.6

    853.0
    859.2
    856.4
    864.6
    882.8
    900.8
    904.2
    915.0
    896.1
    908.8

    855.0
    854.9
    838.5
    833.6
    836.7
    837.2
    829.7
    832.5
    802.4
    808.7

    900.2
    901.4
    889.5
    889.1
    896.0
    901.8
    897.8
    902.7
    875.8
    883.2

    887.8
    892.1
    887.3
    893.3
    907.1
    921.0
    922.6
    931.8
    912.2
    922.7

    912.3
    910.4
    891.6
    885.0
    885.3
    883.2
    873.8
    874.6
    840.8
    845.2

    781.1
    788.1
    782.3
    789.9
    819.7
    846.2
    849.0
    864.6
    841.8
    861.4

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................

    863.8
    871.3
    886.7
    876.4
    876.7
    876.9
    864.8
    863.7
    852.4
    862.0

    918.4
    926.3
    945.1
    939.3
    944.7
    948.6
    938.8
    943.2
    938.4
    954.0

    812.0
    818.9
    831.2
    816.7
    812.3
    809.1
    794.7
    788.4
    771.2
    775.0

    888.0
    893.2
    910.5
    900.1
    900.1
    900.4
    887.8
    885.4
    873.1
    880.4

    930.9
    936.5
    957.9
    952.7
    958.6
    963.6
    954.1
    957.7
    951.8
    965.2

    846.9
    851.8
    865.3
    849.8
    844.3
    840.1
    824.6
    816.4
    798.2
    799.8

    1980
    1970
    1960
    1950
    1940

    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................

    878.3
    945.3
    954.7
    963.8
    1 076.4

    976.9
    1 090.3
    1 104.5
    1 106.1
    1 197.4

    785.3
    807.8
    809.2
    823.5
    954.6

    892.5
    946.3
    947.8
    945.7
    1 041.5

    983.3
    1 086.7
    1 098.5
    1 089.5
    1 162.2

    Age-Adjusted Death Rate


    2001 ..................................

    854.5

    1 029.1

    721.8

    836.5

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................

    869.0
    875.6
    870.6
    878.1
    894.1
    909.8
    913.5
    926.1
    905.6
    922.3

    1 053.8
    1 067.0
    1 069.4
    1 088.1
    1 115.7
    1 143.9
    1 155.5
    1 177.3
    1 158.3
    1 180.5

    731.4
    734.0
    724.7
    725.6
    733.0
    739.4
    738.6
    745.9
    725.5
    738.2

    849.8
    854.6
    849.3
    855.7
    869.0
    882.3
    885.6
    897.0
    877.7
    893.2

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................

    938.7
    950.5
    975.7
    970.0
    978.6
    988.1
    982.5
    990.0
    985.0
    1 007.1

    1 202.8
    1 215.0
    1 250.7
    1 246.1
    1 261.7
    1 278.1
    1 271.4
    1 284.5
    1 279.9
    1 308.2

    750.9
    761.8
    781.0
    774.2
    778.7
    784.5
    779.8
    783.3
    776.6
    792.7

    1980
    1970
    1960
    1950
    1940

    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................

    1 039.1
    1 222.6
    1 339.2
    1 446.0
    1 785.0

    1 348.1
    1 542.1
    1 609.0
    1 674.2
    1 976.0

    817.9
    971.4
    1 105.3
    1 236.0
    1 599.4

    Asian or Pacific Islander 3

    Female

    Both
    sexes

    Male

    Female

    6 466

    5 511

    37 048

    19 829

    17 219

    6 185
    6 092
    5 994
    5 985
    5 563
    5 574
    5 497
    5 434
    5 181
    4 948

    5 178
    5 220
    4 851
    4 591
    4 564
    4 423
    4 140
    4 145
    3 772
    3 673

    34 875
    33 675
    31 987
    30 756
    29 508
    28 297
    27 103
    25 386
    23 660
    22 173

    19 018
    18 330
    17 659
    17 060
    16 550
    15 933
    15 408
    14 532
    13 568
    12 727

    15 857
    15 345
    14 328
    13 696
    12 958
    12 364
    11 695
    10 854
    10 092
    9 446

    8 316
    8 614
    7 917
    7 602
    7 301
    7 154
    6 949
    6 839
    6 679
    6 608

    4 877
    5 066
    4 617
    4 432
    4 365
    4 181
    4 117
    4 064
    3 974
    4 016

    3 439
    3 548
    3 300
    3 170
    2 936
    2 973
    2 832
    2 775
    2 705
    2 592

    21 127
    20 042
    18 963
    17 689
    16 514
    15 887
    14 483
    13 554
    12 430
    11 475

    12 211
    11 688
    11 155
    10 496
    9 795
    9 441
    8 627
    8 126
    7 564
    6 908

    8 916
    8 354
    7 808
    7 193
    6 719
    6 446
    5 856
    5 428
    4 866
    4 567

    102 997
    98 107
    88 309
    77 602
    83 226

    6 923
    5 675
    4 528
    4 440
    4 791

    4 193
    3 391
    2 658
    2 497
    2 527

    2 730
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    11 071
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    6 809
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4 262
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    823.9

    727.7

    392.1

    424.2

    360.2

    303.8

    335.0

    274.0

    834.1
    847.4
    848.2
    867.1
    915.3
    960.2
    970.2
    992.2
    967.6
    994.8

    733.0
    734.3
    722.6
    720.1
    733.3
    743.2
    739.7
    749.6
    728.6
    741.4

    380.8
    399.3
    397.8
    402.7
    399.5
    409.4
    408.2
    419.8
    406.6
    405.3

    415.6
    431.8
    441.9
    458.2
    441.5
    459.4
    468.8
    479.6
    474.1
    468.9

    346.1
    367.1
    354.2
    347.7
    358.0
    360.1
    348.3
    360.7
    340.0
    342.7

    296.6
    296.8
    293.8
    294.1
    294.4
    294.6
    294.6
    288.0
    282.1
    278.7

    332.9
    333.2
    335.4
    336.8
    340.2
    341.4
    344.0
    338.1
    331.1
    326.9

    262.3
    262.5
    254.9
    253.9
    251.1
    250.4
    247.7
    240.3
    235.3
    232.4

    871.0
    887.9
    888.3
    868.9
    864.9
    854.8
    836.1
    836.6
    823.4
    842.4

    1 008.0
    1 026.7
    1 026.1
    1 006.2
    1 002.6
    989.3
    968.5
    971.2
    966.2
    992.6

    747.9
    763.2
    764.6
    745.7
    741.5
    734.2
    717.4
    715.9
    695.5
    707.7

    402.8
    430.5
    411.7
    410.7
    409.5
    416.4
    419.6
    428.5
    434.5
    445.6

    476.4
    510.7
    485.0
    483.8
    494.9
    492.5
    502.7
    515.1
    522.9
    547.9

    330.4
    351.3
    339.9
    339.0
    325.9
    342.5
    338.4
    343.9
    348.1
    345.6

    283.3
    280.9
    282.0
    278.9
    276.2
    283.4
    275.9
    276.1
    271.3
    272.3

    334.3
    334.5
    339.0
    338.3
    335.1
    344.6
    336.5
    339.1
    338.3
    336.2

    234.3
    229.4
    227.4
    222.0
    219.9
    224.9
    218.1
    216.1
    207.4
    211.5

    806.1
    812.6
    800.9
    ...
    ...

    875.4
    999.3
    1 038.6
    ...
    ...

    1 034.1
    1 186.6
    1 181.7
    ...
    ...

    733.3
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    487.4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    597.1
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    380.1
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    296.9
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    375.3
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    222.5
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 006.1

    706.7

    1 101.2

    1 375.0

    912.5

    686.7

    798.9

    594.0

    492.1

    597.4

    412.0

    1 029.4
    1 040.0
    1 042.0
    1 059.1
    1 082.9
    1 107.5
    1 118.7
    1 138.9
    1 122.4
    1 143.1

    715.3
    716.6
    707.3
    707.8
    713.6
    718.7
    717.5
    724.1
    704.1
    716.1

    1 121.4
    1 135.7
    1 127.8
    1 139.8
    1 178.4
    1 213.9
    1 216.9
    1 241.2
    1 206.7
    1 235.4

    1 403.5
    1 432.6
    1 430.5
    1 458.8
    1 524.2
    1 585.7
    1 592.8
    1 632.2
    1 587.8
    1 626.1

    927.6
    933.6
    921.6
    922.1
    940.3
    955.9
    954.6
    969.5
    942.5
    963.3

    709.3
    841.5
    780.9
    925.9
    770.4
    943.9
    774.0
    974.8
    763.6
    924.8
    771.2
    932.0
    764.8
    953.3
    796.4 1 006.3
    759.0
    970.4
    763.9
    970.6

    604.5
    668.2
    640.5
    625.3
    641.7
    643.9
    618.8
    641.6
    599.4
    608.3

    506.4
    519.7
    522.4
    531.8
    543.2
    554.8
    562.7
    565.8
    558.5
    566.2

    624.2
    641.2
    646.9
    660.2
    676.1
    693.4
    702.5
    709.9
    697.3
    703.4

    416.8
    427.5
    426.7
    432.6
    439.6
    446.7
    452.1
    450.4
    445.8
    453.2

    909.8
    920.2
    947.6
    943.4
    952.8
    963.6
    959.7
    967.3
    963.6
    984.0

    1 165.9
    1 176.6
    1 215.9
    1 213.4
    1 230.5
    1 249.8
    1 245.9
    1 259.4
    1 255.9
    1 282.2

    728.8
    738.8
    759.1
    753.3
    758.1
    764.3
    760.7
    763.9
    758.7
    773.6

    1 250.3
    1 275.5
    1 284.3
    1 263.1
    1 266.7
    1 261.2
    1 236.7
    1 240.5
    1 221.3
    1 258.4

    1 644.5
    1 670.1
    1 677.6
    1 650.3
    1 650.1
    1 634.5
    1 600.8
    1 600.7
    1 580.4
    1 626.6

    975.1
    998.1
    1 006.8
    989.7
    994.4
    994.4
    976.9
    980.7
    960.1
    986.6

    716.3
    916.2
    761.6
    999.8
    718.6
    917.4
    719.8
    899.3
    720.8
    926.7
    731.7
    926.1
    761.7
    946.0
    757.3
    945.0
    757.0
    940.1
    784.6 1 030.2

    561.8
    586.3
    563.6
    583.7
    549.3
    577.2
    567.9
    605.5
    604.4
    588.0

    582.0
    581.3
    584.2
    577.3
    576.4
    586.5
    574.4
    565.1
    550.4
    544.7

    716.4
    729.6
    732.0
    732.4
    730.5
    755.4
    724.7
    718.8
    738.2
    710.3

    469.3
    458.4
    451.0
    448.1
    445.4
    456.7
    443.1
    428.8
    410.3
    405.3

    1 012.7
    1 193.3
    1 311.3
    1 410.8
    1 735.3

    1 317.6
    1 513.7
    1 586.0
    1 642.5
    1 925.2

    796.1
    944.0
    1 074.4
    1 198.0
    1 550.4

    1 314.8
    1 518.1
    1 577.5
    ...
    ...

    1 697.8
    1 873.9
    1 811.1
    ...
    ...

    1 033.3
    1 228.7
    1 369.7
    ...
    ...

    867.0 1 111.5
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    662.4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    589.9
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    786.5
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    425.9
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Male

    Both
    sexes

    Source: National Center for Health Statistics. Deaths: Final Data for 2001.
    1For

    19401991 includes deaths among races not shown separately; beginning in 1992 records coded as "other races" and records for which race was unknown, not stated, or not classifiable
    were assigned to the race of the previous record.
    Aleuts and Eskimos.
    Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Japanese, and Other Asian or Pacific Islander.
    . . . = Not available.

    2Includes
    3Includes

    SECTION

    MARRIAGE AND
    DIVORCE

    76

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 5

    MARRIAGE AND
    DIVORCE
    Highlights

    Marriages and Divorces, 19202001


    3,000
    Marriages
    Divorces

    Number (thousands)

    2,500

    2,000

    1,500

    1,000

    500

    0
    1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2001

    Year

    Since 1944, marriage and divorce statistics have


    been available on a uniform basis (i.e., the data are tabulated under standardized headings for all units). A
    census block for the collection of data on marriage registration was established in 1957 and for divorce registration in 1958.

    The divorce rate in 1950 was 2.6 per 1,000 population. The rate climbed to 5.3 in 1981, before leveling off.
    In 2001, the divorce rate had dropped slightly to 4.0 per
    1,000 people.

    The median age at marriage rose for females from


    20.6 in 1970 to 24.0 in 1990 and for males from 22.5 to
    25.9 in the same period.

    The median duration of marriage for divorced couples was 7.2 years in 1990. More divorced men and widowers remarry than divorced women and widows. Per
    1,000 persons aged 15 and older, 76.2 divorcees and 5.2
    widows remarry compared with 105.9 for divorced men
    and 23.8 widowers.

    SECTION 5: MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE

    77

    Table 5-1Series B 3-4. Marriages and Divorces, 19202001


    (Number in thousands.)
    Year

    Marriages 1

    Divorces 2

    2001 .................................................................

    2 327

    ...

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2 329
    2 358
    2 244
    2 384
    2 344
    2 336
    2 362
    2 334
    2 362
    2 371

    ...
    ...
    1 135
    1 163
    1 150
    1 169
    1 191
    1 187
    1 215
    1 187

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2 443
    2 403
    2 396
    2 403
    2 407
    2 413
    2 477
    2 446
    2 456
    2 422

    1 182
    1 157
    1 167
    1 166
    1 178
    1 190
    1 169
    1 158
    1 170
    1 213

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2 390
    2 331
    2 282
    2 178
    2 155
    2 153
    2 230
    2 284
    2 282
    2 190

    1 189
    1 181
    1 130
    1 091
    1 083
    1 036
    977
    915
    845
    773

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2 163
    2 145
    2 069
    1 927
    1 857
    1 800
    1 725
    1 654
    1 577
    1 548

    708
    639
    584
    523
    499
    479
    450
    428
    413
    414

    1960* ................................................................
    1959 .................................................................
    1958 .................................................................
    1957 .................................................................
    1956 .................................................................
    1955 .................................................................
    1954 .................................................................
    1953 .................................................................
    1952 .................................................................
    1951 .................................................................

    1 523
    1 494
    1 451
    1 518
    1 585
    1 531
    1 490
    1 546
    1 539
    1 595

    393
    395
    368
    381
    382
    377
    379
    390
    392
    381

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1 667
    1 580
    1 811
    1 992
    2 291
    1 613
    1 452
    1 577
    1 772
    1 696

    385
    397
    408
    483
    610
    485
    400
    359
    321
    293

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1 596
    1 404
    1 331
    1 451
    1 369
    1 327
    1 302
    1 098
    982
    1 061

    264
    251
    244
    249
    236
    218
    204
    165
    164
    188

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1 127
    1 233
    1 182
    1 201
    1 203
    1 188
    1 185
    1 230
    1 134
    1 164

    196
    206
    200
    196
    185
    175
    171
    165
    149
    160

    1920 .................................................................

    1 274

    171

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes

    estimates for some states through 1965 and also for 1976 and 1977 and marriage licenses for some states for all years except 1973 and 1975. Beginning 1978, includes nonlicensed
    marriages in California.
    reported annulments and some estimate state figures for all years.
    . . . = Not available.
    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
    2Includes

    78

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 5-2Series B 214-215. Marriage Rate, 19202001


    Year

    Marriages per 1,000 unmarried females 1

    Marriages per 1,000 population

    2001 .................................................................

    8.4

    ...

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    8.5
    8.6
    8.3
    8.9
    8.8
    8.9
    9.1
    9.0
    9.3
    9.4

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    49.7
    50.8
    51.5
    52.3
    53.3
    54.2

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    9.8
    9.7
    9.8
    9.9
    10.0
    10.1
    10.5
    10.5
    10.6
    10.6

    54.5
    54.2
    54.6
    55.7
    56.2
    57.0
    59.5
    59.9
    61.4
    61.7

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    10.6
    10.4
    10.3
    9.9
    9.9
    10.0
    10.5
    10.9
    10.9
    10.6

    61.4
    63.6
    64.1
    63.6
    65.2
    66.9
    72.0
    76.0
    77.5
    76.3

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    10.6
    10.6
    10.4
    9.7
    9.5
    9.3
    9.0
    8.8
    8.5
    8.5

    76.7
    80.0
    79.1
    76.4
    75.6
    75.0
    74.6
    73.4
    71.2
    72.2

    1960* ................................................................
    1959 .................................................................
    1958 .................................................................
    1957 .................................................................
    1956 .................................................................
    1955 .................................................................
    1954 .................................................................
    1953 .................................................................
    1952 .................................................................
    1951 .................................................................

    8.5
    8.5
    8.4
    8.9
    9.5
    9.3
    9.2
    9.8
    9.9
    10.4

    73.5
    73.6
    72.0
    78.0
    82.4
    80.9
    79.8
    83.7
    83.2
    86.6

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    11.1
    10.6
    12.4
    13.9
    16.4
    12.2
    10.9
    11.7
    13.2
    12.7

    90.2
    86.7
    98.5
    106.2
    118.1
    83.6
    76.5
    83.0
    93.0
    88.5

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    12.1
    10.7
    10.3
    11.3
    10.7
    10.4
    10.3
    8.7
    7.9
    8.6

    82.8
    73.0
    69.9
    78.0
    74.0
    72.5
    71.8
    61.3
    56.0
    61.9

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    9.2
    10.1
    9.8
    10.1
    10.2
    10.3
    10.4
    11.0
    10.3
    10.7

    67.6
    75.5
    74.1
    77.0
    78.7
    79.2
    80.3
    85.2
    79.7
    83.0

    1920 .................................................................

    12.0

    92.0

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    115 years and over.
    . . . = Not available.
    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    SECTION 5: MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE

    79

    Table 5-3Series B 216-218. Divorce Rate, 19202001


    Divorce rate
    Year
    Per 1,000 married females 1

    Per 1,000 population

    Median duration of marriage (years)

    2001 .................................................................

    4.0

    ...

    ...

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    4.2
    4.1
    4.2
    4.3
    4.3
    4.4
    4.6
    4.6
    4.8
    4.7

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    19.5
    19.8
    20.5
    20.5
    21.2
    20.9

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    4.7
    4.7
    4.8
    4.8
    4.9
    5.0
    5.0
    5.0
    5.1
    5.3

    20.9
    20.4
    20.7
    20.8
    21.2
    21.7
    21.5
    21.3
    21.7
    22.6

    7.2
    7.2
    7.1
    7.0
    6.9
    6.8
    6.9
    7.0
    7.0
    7.0

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    5.2
    5.3
    5.1
    5.0
    5.0
    4.9
    4.6
    4.4
    4.1
    3.7

    22.6
    22.8
    21.9
    21.1
    21.1
    20.3
    19.3
    18.2
    17.0
    15.7

    6.8
    6.8
    6.6
    6.6
    6.5
    6.5
    6.5
    6.6
    6.7
    ...

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    3.5
    3.2
    2.9
    2.6
    2.5
    2.5
    2.4
    2.3
    2.2
    2.3

    14.9
    13.4
    12.4
    11.2
    10.9
    10.6
    10.0
    9.6
    9.4
    9.6

    6.7
    6.9
    7.0
    7.1
    7.1
    7.2
    7.4
    7.5
    7.3
    7.1

    1960* ................................................................
    1959 .................................................................
    1958 .................................................................
    1957 .................................................................
    1956 .................................................................
    1955 .................................................................
    1954 .................................................................
    1953 .................................................................
    1952 .................................................................
    1951 .................................................................

    2.2
    2.2
    2.1
    2.2
    2.3
    2.3
    2.4
    2.5
    2.5
    2.5

    9.2
    9.3
    8.9
    9.2
    9.4
    9.3
    9.5
    9.9
    10.1
    9.9

    7.2
    7.0
    6.4
    6.7
    6.5
    6.4
    6.4
    6.1
    6.1
    6.0

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2.6
    2.7
    2.8
    3.4
    4.3
    3.5
    2.9
    2.6
    2.4
    2.2

    10.3
    10.6
    11.2
    13.6
    17.9
    14.4
    12.0
    11.0
    10.1
    9.4

    5.8
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2.0
    1.9
    1.9
    1.9
    1.8
    1.7
    1.6
    1.3
    1.3
    1.5

    8.8
    8.5
    8.4
    8.7
    8.3
    7.8
    7.5
    6.1
    6.1
    7.1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1.6
    1.7
    1.7
    1.6
    1.6
    1.5
    1.5
    1.5
    1.4
    1.5

    7.5
    8.0
    7.8
    7.8
    7.5
    7.2
    7.2
    7.1
    6.6
    7.2

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1920 .................................................................

    1.6

    8.0

    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    115 years and over. Population enumerated as of April 1 for 1940, 1950, and 1960 and estimated as of July 1 for all other years; includes Armed Forces abroad for 19411946.
    . . . = Not available.
    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    80

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 5-4. Marital History for People 15 Years and Over, by Age and Sex, Fall 1996
    (Numbers in thousands, percent.)
    Characteristic

    Total, 15
    years and
    over

    15 to 19
    years

    20 to 24
    years

    25 to 29
    years

    30 to 34
    years

    35 to 39
    years

    40 to 49
    years

    50 to 59
    years

    60 to 69
    years

    70 years and
    over

    Men
    Total (in thousands) ...............................

    99 005

    9 680

    8 658

    9 445

    10 568

    11 138

    19 381

    12 157

    9 038

    8 940

    Percent ..................................................
    Never married ........................................
    Ever married ..........................................
    Married once .....................................
    Still married 1 .................................
    Married twice .....................................
    Still married 1 .................................
    Married 3 or more times ....................
    Still married 1 .................................
    Ever divorced ........................................
    Currently divorced .............................
    Ever widowed ........................................
    Currently widowed .............................

    100.0
    30.6
    69.4
    53.8
    44.4
    12.6
    10.1
    3.1
    2.3
    20.4
    8.2
    3.9
    2.6

    100.0
    99.0
    1.0
    1.0
    0.8
    -

    100.0
    81.7
    18.3
    17.8
    16.2
    0.5
    0.4
    1.3
    0.9
    -

    100.0
    48.6
    51.4
    48.8
    41.8
    2.4
    2.0
    0.2
    0.2
    7.3
    5.2
    0.2
    0.1

    100.0
    28.7
    71.3
    62.2
    53.0
    8.4
    7.1
    0.7
    0.5
    16.1
    8.1
    0.2
    0.2

    100.0
    19.2
    80.8
    64.9
    54.0
    13.8
    11.1
    2.1
    1.8
    24.3
    10.8
    0.3
    0.1

    100.0
    12.0
    88.0
    63.3
    51.6
    20.0
    16.0
    4.8
    3.8
    34.1
    13.9
    1.2
    0.6

    100.0
    5.3
    94.7
    65.5
    54.5
    22.1
    17.5
    7.0
    5.1
    35.7
    13.1
    3.5
    1.9

    100.0
    5.2
    94.8
    70.5
    59.1
    18.7
    15.4
    5.6
    4.4
    26.8
    9.2
    9.2
    5.1

    100.0
    4.4
    95.6
    73.9
    55.5
    17.0
    12.6
    4.7
    3.2
    18.0
    4.5
    25.1
    18.6

    Women
    Total (in thousands) ...............................

    106 477

    9 253

    8 749

    9 725

    10 769

    11 342

    20 029

    12 982

    10 400

    13 228

    Percent ..................................................
    Never married ........................................
    Ever married ..........................................
    Married once .....................................
    Still married 1 .................................
    Married twice .....................................
    Still married 1 .................................
    Married 3 or more times ....................
    Still married 1 .................................
    Ever divorced ........................................
    Currently divorced .............................
    Ever widowed ........................................
    Currently widowed .............................

    100.0
    23.6
    76.4
    59.9
    42.0
    13.4
    9.1
    3.1
    1.8
    22.2
    10.3
    12.1
    10.5

    100.0
    96.6
    3.4
    3.4
    3.0
    -

    100.0
    67.0
    33.0
    31.7
    27.4
    1.2
    1.1
    3.2
    2.1
    0.2
    0.2

    100.0
    35.3
    64.7
    58.8
    48.9
    5.5
    4.6
    0.4
    0.3
    12.2
    7.1
    0.3
    0.2

    100.0
    18.7
    81.3
    68.5
    57.0
    11.4
    9.6
    1.4
    1.1
    20.8
    9.5
    0.7
    0.3

    100.0
    14.1
    85.9
    66.8
    53.3
    16.0
    12.0
    3.1
    2.3
    27.8
    12.8
    1.8
    1.0

    100.0
    8.6
    91.4
    65.8
    49.2
    20.6
    15.5
    5.0
    3.4
    37.0
    17.2
    3.8
    2.6

    100.0
    5.0
    95.0
    69.4
    50.3
    19.3
    13.2
    6.3
    3.9
    34.6
    16.6
    10.7
    8.2

    100.0
    3.7
    96.3
    74.7
    48.4
    17.3
    10.5
    4.3
    2.4
    26.1
    11.5
    25.5
    21.6

    100.0
    4.2
    95.8
    76.2
    28.1
    16.0
    6.0
    3.6
    0.9
    16.7
    5.6
    58.3
    54.5

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Current Population Reports P70-80. Number, Timing, and Duration of Marriages and Divorces: Fall 1996
    Note: Figures projected onto U.S. population in 1996 based on survey of 37,000 households from the U.S. Census Bureau Survey of Income and Program Participation.
    1Includes

    those currently separated.


    - = Quantity zero or rounds to zero.

    SECTION 5: MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE

    81

    Table 5-5. Percent Reaching Stated Anniversary by Marriage Cohort and Sex for First and Second
    Marriages, Fall 1996
    (Numbers in thousands, percent.)
    Sex and year of marriage

    Number of
    marriages
    (thousands)

    Anniversary 1
    5th

    10th

    15th

    20th

    25th

    30th

    35th

    40th

    FIRST MARRIAGES
    Men
    1945 to 1949
    1950 to 1954
    1955 to 1959
    1960 to 1964
    1965 to 1969
    1970 to 1974
    1975 to 1979
    1980 to 1984
    1985 to 1989

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    3 634
    4 009
    4 706
    5 153
    6 538
    7 332
    7 196
    7 679
    7 954

    94.7
    96.8
    94.2
    94.4
    90.5
    87.4
    86.3
    86.5
    87.6

    90.8
    90.5
    86.4
    82.2
    76.3
    71.8
    71.2
    73.9
    X

    86.5
    85.2
    78.7
    74.2
    66.1
    62.8
    62.3
    X
    X

    82.5
    80.4
    73.6
    67.4
    61.0
    57.7
    X
    X
    X

    79.3
    76.6
    69.6
    62.7
    56.5
    X
    X
    X
    X

    76.0
    73.5
    65.8
    58.9
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X

    72.9
    70.6
    62.9
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X

    70.8
    67.4
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X

    Women
    1945 to 1949
    1950 to 1954
    1955 to 1959
    1960 to 1964
    1965 to 1969
    1970 to 1974
    1975 to 1979
    1980 to 1984
    1985 to 1989

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    5 336
    5 195
    5 293
    5 657
    7 222
    8 188
    8 006
    8 349
    8 347

    95.0
    94.6
    94.6
    92.6
    90.0
    86.7
    85.4
    86.4
    86.4

    90.2
    89.2
    87.5
    82.1
    76.1
    70.7
    69.6
    73.0
    X

    86.1
    82.9
    78.7
    72.0
    65.4
    62.0
    61.4
    X
    X

    81.2
    77.2
    71.7
    63.7
    59.4
    55.9
    X
    X
    X

    75.3
    71.9
    66.3
    58.6
    53.8
    X
    X
    X
    X

    70.4
    65.9
    62.3
    55.1
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X

    65.2
    61.1
    58.2
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X

    59.0
    56.1
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X

    Men
    1975 to 1979 .........................................
    1980 to 1984 .........................................
    1985 to 1989 .........................................

    2 178
    2 800
    2 669

    89.3
    87.6
    86.7

    68.9
    69.0
    X

    X
    X
    X

    X
    X
    X

    X
    X
    X

    X
    X
    X

    X
    X
    X

    X
    X
    X

    Women
    1975 to 1979 .........................................
    1980 to 1984 .........................................
    1985 to 1989 .........................................

    2 301
    2 937
    3 016

    82.4
    84.1
    83.0

    63.8
    64.2
    X

    X
    X
    X

    X
    X
    X

    X
    X
    X

    X
    X
    X

    X
    X
    X

    X
    X
    X

    SECOND MARRIAGES

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Current Population Reports P70-80. Number, Timing, and Duration of Marriages and Divorces: Fall 1996
    Note: Figures projected onto U.S. population in 1996 based on survey of 37,000 households from the U.S. Census Bureau Survey of Income and Program Participation.
    1Persons

    reaching stated anniversary for specified marital order.


    X = Not applicable.

    SECTION

    HEALTH

    84

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 6

    HEALTH
    Highlights

    Number of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Cases Reported by Sex,


    19902002
    70,000
    Men
    Women
    60,000

    Number

    50,000

    40,000

    30,000

    20,000

    10,000

    0
    1990

    1994

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    Year

    The federal government has provided hospital and


    medical care directly to specified groups of beneficiaries
    since 1798 when President Andrew Johnson signed into
    law the Act for the Relief of Sick and Disabled Seamen.
    Since that time, federally sponsored and financed medical care has been expanded to include such groups as
    Native Americans, Alaskan natives, veterans, narcotics
    addicts, and owners of commercial fishing boats. State,
    local, and county governments also provide hospital and
    medical care for their residents.

    Beginning in 1966, the Medicaid Program which was


    enacted as Title XIX of the Social Security Act, enabled

    states to provide a single health program for the indigent with federal financial participation. Medicaid
    offers five basic services: inpatient hospital care; outpatient hospital services; laboratory and X-ray services;
    nursing home services; and physicians services. In addition, states may offer other services, such as prescription
    plans or dental care, for which they receive matching
    federal funds.

    Federal health insurance for the aged (Medicare)


    became effective July 1, 1966, providing hospital and
    medical protection to an enrolled population aged 65
    and over. It includes Part A (hospital program) and Part

    SECTION 6: HEALTH
    B (a supplementary program covering physicians services, outpatient hospital services, therapy, tests, ambulance services, and certain medical supplies). The Part A
    program is financed on a self-supporting basis through a
    federal tax, the proceeds of which are placed in a trust
    fund. Part B is financed through monthly premium payments paid by enrollees and matched by the federal
    government.

    The first medical school in the United States, the


    College of Philadelphia Department of Medicine (now
    the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine) was
    founded in 1765. The number of medical schools
    increased to three by 1800, 52 in 1850, and 162 in 1906.
    From 1906 to 1929, the number declined sharply
    because of tougher accreditation procedures by the
    American Medical Associations Council on Medical
    Education.

    5 The first dental school, Baltimore College of Dental


    Surgery, was founded in 1840. Before that date physi-

    85

    report certain diseases to health officers or boards of


    health. Over the next three decades all states made similar requirements. In 1871, the federal government
    passed a law providing for the collection of such statistics. By 1912, the data were supplied by 19 states and
    the District of Columbia on diphtheria, measles,
    poliomyelitis, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, typhoid, and
    smallpox. None of these is now considered an important
    threat to public health. General statistics on health are
    collected and published by the National Center for
    Health Statistics in its National Health Interview Survey
    and National Health and Nutrition Examination
    Surveys. Data on diseases are compiled by the Public
    Health Service through its Centers for Disease Control
    in Atlanta and published in Morbidity and Mortality
    Report.

    11
    In 2001, 31.3 million Americans were enrolled in
    the Medicaid program. Of these, 13.3 million live below
    the poverty level.

    12

    cians also practiced dentistry. From 1840 to 1880, dental


    practitioners learned their trade as apprentices, and it
    was not until 1880 that most states enacted laws requiring graduation from an accredited dental school.

    $29.2 billion was spent on medical research in


    the United States in 2001, compared with $2 million in
    1970.

    6 Nursing education began in 1873 with the opening


    of three schools and by 1893, 70 were in operation. By

    In 2001, 14.6 percent of the population, or 41.2


    million people, carried no medical insurance coverage
    of any kind and had no safety net. Texas leads the country with 23.5 percent of its residents lacking health coverage, followed by New Mexico (20.7 percent) and
    California (19 percent).

    1923, all states had licensing bodies for the nursing profession.

    The first physician in the American Colonies was


    Dr. Lawrence Bohune, physician of the London
    Company, who arrived in Virginia in 1610. The first
    physician in New England was Dr. Samuel Fuller, one
    of the signers of the Compact on board the Mayflower
    on November 21, 1620. The first American medical
    graduate was Dr. John Archer, who graduated with nine
    others from the University of Pennsylvania in 1768.

    The first American dentist was Josiah Flagg, who, at


    the age of 18, began practicing dentistry in Boston in
    1782.

    The first trained nurse in the United States was


    Linda Ann Judson Richards, who graduated from the
    training school of the New England Hospital for
    Women and Children in 1873.

    10 Disease notification began in the Colonial period


    on a local basis, particularly in the port cities. It was limited to epidemics of pestilential diseases. Statewide notification was not required until 1883, when Michigan
    passed a law under which physicians were asked to

    13

    14
    There were 500 health maintenance organizations (HMOs) in the United States in 2002, compared
    with 235 in 1980. An HMO is a prepaid health plan
    offering comprehensive care to members through designated providers, with a fixed periodic payment for
    healthcare services and a requirement that members be
    in a plan for a specified period of time. A Group HMO
    delivers health services through a physician group that
    is controlled by the HMO or that contracts with one or
    more independent group practices for the same purpose. An Individual Practice Association (IPA) HMO
    contracts directly with physicians, associations of independent physicians, or multispecialty group practices.
    The total enrollment of these HMOs reached 76.1 million in 2001, compared with 33 million in 1990.

    15
    The number of professionally active physicians in
    the United States in 2001 was 836,200, of which 189,400
    were foreign medical graduates, 556,600 were males,
    195,100 were females, 514,000 were in an office-based
    practice, 138,300 were in a hospital-based practice, and
    20,000 were in federal service. The number of registered
    active nurses in 2000 was 2.2 million, or 495 per 100,000.

    86

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    16
    The number of medical schools in the United
    States has remained steady since 1980 at between 125

    22
    The number of Caesarean deliveries rose steadily
    from 195,000 in 1970 to 973,000 in 2001. These deliver-

    and 127. These schools had a total enrollment of 66,160,


    a figure that also has remained steady since 1980. In
    2001, 15,778 students graduated from these schools.

    ies are most common among women 35 years of age


    and older.

    17
    The mean net income of physicians has grown
    from $5,224 in 1929 to $12,324 in 1950, $97,000 in 1982,
    $155,800 in 1989, and $205,700 in 2001. Surgeons report
    the highest income, earning an average of $274,700
    annually, while pediatricians were among the lowest
    with an average annual income at $137,800. Physicians
    carry a large malpractice insurance premium load,
    which, in the case of obstetricians and gynecologists
    averages $39,200 a year.

    18

    In 2001, there were 5,801 hospitals in the United


    States (down from 6,965 in 1980), of which only 3,084
    had 100 beds or more. Of the total, community hospitals
    numbered 4,908, for-profits 754, psychiatric hospitals
    401, and federal hospitals 243. Hospital beds numbered
    1.035 million, or 3.9 per 1,000 persons. Of these beds,
    only 658,000 are in use on any given day.

    19
    The average length of stay in a hospital in 2001 is
    5.7 days, down from 15.3 days in 1931, 10.1 days in 1953,
    and 7 7 days in 1980. Because of pressure from HMOs,
    patients are allowed to remain in hospital care for fewer
    days than before. For the same reason, more cases are
    treated on an outpatient or ambulatory basis.

    20
    The average cost per day of a hospital stay rose
    from $5.21 in 1946 to $10.67 in 1954, $21.00 in 1963,
    $45.01 in 1969, $53.95 in 1970, $134 in 1975, $245 in
    1980, $460 in 1985, $687 in 1990, and $1,127 in 2001.

    21

    Organ transplants and grafts have become relatively common since the 1970s. In 2002, there were
    2,153 heart transplants, 5,326 liver transplants, 14,741
    kidney transplants, 1,042 lung transplants, 46,625 cornea
    grafts.

    23
    The number of abortions in the United States
    increased from 586,000 in 1972 (around the time of Roe
    v. Wade), to 1,315,000 in 1999, although this figure represents a drop from the peak of 1,609,000 in 1990. There
    were 21.4 abortions per 1,000 women (15 to 44 years of
    age) in 1999, compared with 29.4 in 1980. Nearly 45.8
    percent of all pregnancies to Black women end in abortion, compared with 15.2 percent for Whites.

    24

    In 1999, there were 18, 000 nursing homes (down


    from 19,100 in 1985), with 1,965,000 beds. Twelve thousand of these nursing homes are owned by proprietary
    for-profit corporations.

    25

    In 1998, there were 3, 729 mental health facilities,


    of which 1,038 were mental hospitals. These facilities
    have 267, 700 inpatient beds.

    26

    Unintentional injuries caused a loss of $516.9 billion in 2001, including wage and productivity losses,
    medical and administrative expenses, and damages. Of
    this amount, motor vehicle accidents accounted for
    $199.6 billion.

    27

    Marijuana and hashish remain the drugs of


    choice among 12-to-17-year olds, with 19.7 percent of
    persons in that age group acknowledging their use in
    2001. There are 13, 926 substance abuse treatment facilities in the United States in 2002, which treated
    1,142,080 clients in 2002. In 1997, 684,317 persons were
    identified as having serious drug addictions and 623,735
    persons as having serious alcohol problems.

    SECTION 6: HEALTH

    87

    Table 6-1Series B 221-235. Total National Health Expenditures, by Type of Service, 19292003
    (Number.)
    Research and
    medical-facilities
    construction

    Health services and supplies

    Year

    Total
    Total

    Hospital
    care

    Physicians
    services

    Dentists
    services

    Other
    Drugs
    Eyeprofesand drug glasses and
    sional
    1
    sundries
    appliances
    services 1

    Nursing
    home
    care

    Government
    public
    health
    activities

    Other
    health
    services

    Research 2

    Construction

    2003 ..............................................
    2002 ..............................................
    2001 ..............................................

    1 673 593
    1 553 009
    1 420 688

    1 613 586
    1 496 336
    1 370 040

    518 104
    486 511
    444 316

    362 789
    339 544
    315 137

    74 008
    70 319
    65 614

    120 840
    104 951
    90 319

    184 105
    162 413
    140 815

    19 611
    18 754
    18 162

    106 983
    103 167
    99 116

    56 251
    51 160
    48 325

    50 755
    45 803
    40 874

    36 340
    34 307
    31 495

    23 667
    22 366
    19 153

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    1 309 444
    1 222 602
    1 150 308
    1 092 784
    1 039 343
    990 221
    937 150
    888 063
    827 042
    761 827

    1 261 449
    1 181 673
    1 112 057
    1 055 545
    1 005 114
    957 643
    904 680
    856 274
    797 125
    734 561

    413 178
    393 465
    378 535
    367 613
    355 210
    343 580
    332 398
    319 963
    302 267
    279 485

    290 304
    270 883
    256 830
    240 970
    229 393
    220 534
    210 483
    201 239
    189 721
    175 003

    60 726
    56 389
    53 156
    50 168
    46 818
    44 486
    41 432
    38 878
    37 013
    33 279

    80 308
    72 985
    64 467
    60 878
    61 049
    60 512
    58 202
    53 304
    43 348
    40 083

    121 540
    104 421
    87 271
    75 747
    67 160
    60 779
    54 636
    51 250
    48 224
    44 892

    17 750
    17 231
    16 851
    16 157
    15 284
    14 185
    13 323
    12 797
    12 230
    11 397

    93 790
    89 572
    89 103
    85 063
    79 911
    74 574
    68 325
    65 713
    62 304
    58 315

    45 817
    43 728
    37 997
    35 439
    32 916
    31 430
    30 009
    27 219
    24 845
    22 447

    36 724
    33 698
    30 181
    27 708
    25 798
    22 918
    19 881
    16 130
    13 605
    11 830

    28 777
    23 374
    20 536
    18 717
    17 834
    17 094
    16 252
    15 587
    15 048
    13 871

    19 218
    17 555
    17 716
    18 522
    16 396
    15 484
    16 218
    16 202
    14 870
    13 395

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    695 999
    622 654
    558 090
    498 025
    457 242
    426 833
    390 123
    353 532
    321 006
    285 092

    669 615
    598 689
    535 378
    477 769
    439 201
    409 092
    372 142
    336 441
    305 383
    271 085

    253 918
    229 295
    209 402
    192 094
    177 941
    166 577
    156 020
    146 257
    135 072
    118 689

    157 539
    141 944
    127 363
    111 717
    99 562
    89 812
    76 532
    67 844
    60 817
    54 865

    31 502
    29 297
    27 325
    25 258
    23 108
    21 650
    19 833
    18 271
    16 953
    15 698

    40 000
    35 302
    26 555
    20 610
    21 950
    25 195
    23 962
    18 755
    16 544
    14 180

    40 290
    34 758
    30 646
    26 888
    24 290
    21 795
    19 617
    17 323
    15 029
    13 398

    10 606
    9 580
    8 698
    7 750
    7 125
    6 463
    5 777
    4 886
    4 324
    4 046

    52 705
    45 673
    40 505
    36 331
    33 508
    30 680
    27 872
    25 479
    22 791
    20 206

    20 219
    17 985
    15 504
    13 796
    12 620
    11 555
    10 126
    9 435
    8 830
    7 793

    9 647
    8 567
    7 289
    6 530
    5 908
    5 276
    4 649
    4 277
    3 834
    3 544

    12 656
    11 756
    10 810
    10 070
    8 968
    8 302
    7 678
    6 484
    6 040
    5 694

    13 728
    12 210
    11 903
    10 187
    9 073
    9 440
    10 304
    10 607
    9 583
    8 312

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    245 758
    213 935
    189 412
    169 403
    148 826
    129 841
    113 730
    100 540
    90 674
    80 952

    233 483
    203 115
    179 037
    159 657
    138 976
    120 962
    105 963
    93 318
    83 567
    74 533

    101 549
    87 067
    76 336
    67 947
    60 054
    51 910
    44 812
    38 586
    34 385
    30 691

    47 073
    40 630
    35 293
    32 595
    28 183
    24 814
    21 738
    19 107
    17 269
    15 534

    13 323
    11 893
    10 957
    10 055
    8 972
    7 956
    7 076
    6 323
    5 516
    5 181

    12 147
    12 066
    11 233
    9 532
    6 864
    5 056
    4 663
    4 964
    4 488
    3 367

    12 049
    10 744
    9 891
    9 196
    8 722
    8 052
    7 422
    6 817
    6 324
    5 877

    3 863
    3 617
    3 284
    3 020
    2 817
    2 626
    2 334
    2 138
    1 919
    1 675

    17 674
    15 304
    13 439
    11 499
    9 905
    8 664
    7 397
    6 352
    5 515
    4 761

    6 740
    5 635
    4 895
    4 106
    3 332
    2 939
    2 591
    2 124
    1 854
    1 674

    3 278
    2 853
    2 527
    2 348
    2 177
    1 989
    1 814
    1 598
    1 489
    1 296

    5 461
    4 776
    4 457
    3 891
    3 728
    3 326
    2 745
    2 506
    2 375
    2 097

    6 814
    6 045
    5 917
    5 855
    6 122
    5 553
    5 022
    4 715
    4 732
    4 322

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    73 056
    64 587
    57 460
    50 691
    45 128
    41 012
    37 461
    33 530
    31 295
    28 783

    67 324
    59 362
    53 061
    46 751
    41 357
    37 365
    34 375
    30 890
    28 857
    26 766

    27 630
    23 799
    20 943
    18 144
    15 566
    13 816
    12 697
    11 709
    10 658
    9 921

    13 980
    12 370
    11 002
    10 084
    8 980
    8 328
    8 056
    6 891
    6 498
    5 895

    4 669
    4 174
    3 664
    3 409
    2 961
    2 793
    2 648
    2 277
    2 234
    2 067

    2 773
    2 551
    2 769
    2 297
    2 215
    2 006
    940
    921
    902
    882

    5 497
    5 149
    4 742
    4 227
    3 985
    3 715
    4 446
    4 235
    4 095
    3 824

    1 649
    1 437
    1 238
    1 062
    1 128
    1 004
    1 072
    952
    908
    804

    4 216
    3 567
    2 981
    2 337
    1 811
    1 471
    1 214
    891
    695
    606

    1 356
    1 175
    969
    861
    732
    621
    610
    540
    505
    452

    1 266
    1 209
    1 110
    1 021
    919
    778
    1 511
    1 380
    1 277
    1 320

    1 956
    1 921
    1 884
    1 771
    1 623
    1 523
    1 324
    1 184
    1 032
    844

    3 776
    3 304
    2 514
    2 169
    2 148
    2 123
    1 762
    1 456
    1 406
    1 174

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    26 895
    24 878
    22 848
    21 108
    19 246
    17 745
    16 799
    15 745
    14 988
    13 992

    25 185
    23 354
    21 442
    19 885
    18 348
    16 884
    15 946
    14 895
    13 949
    12 912

    9 092
    8 177
    7 548
    6 892
    6 347
    5 900
    5 502
    5 085
    4 685
    4 254

    5 684
    5 481
    4 910
    4 419
    4 067
    3 689
    3 574
    3 278
    3 042
    2 868

    1 977
    1 894
    1 850
    1 737
    1 625
    1 508
    1 406
    1 234
    1 098
    997

    862
    801
    729
    673
    610
    562
    541
    499
    459
    426

    3 657
    3 525
    3 242
    3 010
    2 686
    2 384
    2 181
    2 152
    2 071
    1 989

    776
    722
    678
    678
    668
    604
    606
    612
    586
    551

    526
    434
    383
    368
    358
    312
    270
    248
    228
    207

    414
    428
    424
    415
    402
    377
    374
    378
    427
    416

    1 336
    1 138
    1 045
    1 011
    965
    924
    904
    911
    952
    883

    662
    526
    416
    344
    270
    210
    183
    164
    150
    134

    1 048
    998
    990
    879
    628
    651
    670
    686
    889
    946

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1940
    1935
    1929

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    12 662
    11 576
    10 612
    3 987
    2 936
    3 649

    11 702
    10 811
    10 184
    3 868
    2 875
    3 436

    3 851
    3 557
    3 203
    1 011
    763
    663

    2 747
    2 633
    2 611
    973
    773
    1 004

    961
    920
    900
    419
    302
    482

    396
    371
    354
    174
    153
    252

    1 726
    1 557
    1 466
    637
    475
    606

    491
    458
    436
    189
    133
    133

    187
    168
    150
    33
    ...
    ...

    361
    338
    306
    153
    117
    96

    666
    539
    470
    112
    64
    91

    117
    105
    89
    3
    ...
    ...

    843
    660
    339
    116
    61
    213

    1Services

    of registered and practical nurses in private duty, visits of nurses, podiatrists, physical therapists, clinical psychologists, chiropractors, naturopaths, and Christian Science practitioners.
    expenditures of drug companies included in expenditures for drugs and drug sundries and excluded from research expenditures.
    . . . = Not available.

    2Research

    88

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 6-2Series B 236-247. National and Personal Health Care Expenditures, by Source of Funds,
    19292002
    (Billions of dollars, percent.)
    National health expenditures
    Year

    Personal health care expenditures

    Percent of gross
    national product

    Amount

    Private insurance
    benefits

    Public expenditures

    2002 .................................................................................................................................................................
    2001 .................................................................................................................................................................

    1 553.0
    1 420.7

    14.9
    14.1

    479.3
    437.2

    592.2
    540.0

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................

    1 309.4
    1 222.6
    1 150.3
    1 092.8
    1 039.3
    990.2
    937.2
    888.1
    827.0
    761.8

    13.3
    13.2
    13.1
    13.1
    13.3
    13.4
    13.3
    13.4
    13.1
    12.7

    398.7
    366.4
    342.0
    319.2
    302.2
    288.8
    271.4
    259.9
    242.6
    224.5

    489.8
    457.9
    437.9
    426.6
    409.8
    386.2
    361.1
    330.5
    304.7
    272.3

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................

    666.2
    602.8
    546.0
    494.1
    454.8
    422.6
    389.6
    358.6
    326.1
    290.2

    12.2
    11.6
    11.2
    10.9
    10.7
    10.5
    10.3
    10.5
    10.3
    9.5

    203.6
    179.2
    157.0
    135.0
    119.4
    111.3
    100.1
    91.1
    82.4
    71.4

    237.9
    211.5
    189.8
    175.8
    160.9
    146.7
    135.6
    124.2
    112.3
    100.8

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................

    250.1
    217.2
    193.7
    172.0
    152.2
    132.9
    116.1
    102.5
    92.3
    82.3

    9.2
    8.7
    8.6
    8.6
    8.5
    8.3
    7.9
    7.5
    7.6
    7.5

    60.6
    51.7
    43.9
    38.6
    32.9
    32.9
    27.8
    24.6
    21.9
    19.1

    86.6
    74.3
    65.1
    57.7
    50.8
    50.2
    42.8
    35.9
    31.8
    28.2

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................

    71.6
    64.1
    56.6
    50.7
    44.9
    40.5
    37.5
    33.5
    31.3
    28.8

    7.3
    6.9
    6.5
    6.4
    6.0
    5.9
    5.9
    5.7
    5.6
    5.5

    15.7
    13.1
    11.3
    9.5
    9.1
    8.7
    7.8
    7.0
    6.3
    5.7

    21.9
    19.7
    17.5
    14.6
    9.5
    7.3
    6.9
    6.4
    6.0
    5.6

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................

    26.9
    24.9
    22.8
    21.1
    19.2
    17.7
    16.8
    15.7
    15.0
    14.0

    5.3
    5.1
    5.1
    4.8
    4.6
    4.4
    4.6
    4.3
    4.3
    4.3

    5.0
    4.4
    3.9
    3.5
    3.0
    2.5
    2.2
    1.9
    1.6
    1.3

    5.2
    4.8
    4.5
    4.2
    3.9
    3.6
    3.4
    3.3
    3.3
    3.0

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1940
    1935
    1929

    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................

    12.7
    11.6
    10.6
    4.0
    3.0
    3.6

    4.5
    4.5
    4.1
    4.0
    4.0
    3.5

    1.0
    0.8
    0.6
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2.4
    2.0
    1.8
    0.6
    0.4
    0.3

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 6: HEALTH

    89

    Table 6-3Series B 275-290. Physicians, Dentists, and Nurses; and Medical, Dental, and Nursing Schools,
    18102002
    (Number, rate per 100,000.)
    Physicians 1

    Medical schools 2

    Dentists 4

    Dental schools

    Active professional
    graduate nurses

    Professional nursing schools 6

    Number

    Number

    Students

    Year
    Amount

    Rate

    Number 3

    Students

    Graduates

    Number

    Rate

    Number 5 Students

    Graduates

    Rate

    Graduates

    2002 ....................
    2001 ....................

    772 296
    ...

    278
    ...

    ...
    125

    ...
    66 160

    ...
    15 778

    ...
    168 000

    ...
    60

    ...
    ...

    ...
    17 349

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    68 709

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    ...
    753 176
    ...
    756 700
    737 800
    684 400
    684 000
    670 300
    653 100

    ...
    277
    ...
    282
    278
    274
    262
    260
    255

    125
    125
    125
    125
    125
    125
    126
    126
    126

    66 377
    66 539
    ...
    ...
    ...
    66 788
    ...
    ...
    ...

    15 704
    15 996
    16 314
    15 923
    15 907
    15 888
    15 555
    15 466
    16 365

    ...
    ...
    164 700
    ...
    196 000
    194 000
    191 000
    187 000
    183 000

    ...
    ...
    61
    ...
    61
    61
    61
    60
    60

    54
    55
    55
    55
    54
    54
    54
    55
    55

    17 242
    17 033
    ...
    ...
    ...
    16 353
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4 367
    4 171
    4 095
    4 041
    3 810
    3 908
    3 875
    3 778
    3 918

    ...
    2 271 300
    ...
    ...
    2 162 000
    2 116 000
    2 044 000
    1 976 000
    1 907 000

    ...
    833
    ...
    ...
    815
    805
    785
    767
    748

    ...
    ...
    ...
    1 508
    1 516
    1 501
    1 493
    1 484
    1 484

    192 202
    211 694
    ...
    ...
    ...
    268 350
    ...
    ...
    ...

    71 392
    76 523
    83 165
    ...
    94 757
    97 052
    94 870
    88 149
    80 839

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    615 400
    645 000
    629 000
    612 000
    595 000
    577 000
    ...
    542 000
    523 000
    505 000

    246
    261
    257
    253
    248
    243
    ...
    232
    222
    217

    127
    142
    142
    142
    142
    142
    142
    142
    142
    142

    65 016
    71 600
    71 900
    72 300
    72 800
    73 200
    73 600
    73 500
    72 600
    71 600

    15 398
    17 200
    17 500
    17 400
    17 700
    17 800
    17 600
    17 100
    17 000
    16 800

    173 000
    168 000
    164 000
    161 000
    158 000
    156 000
    153 000
    150 000
    147 000
    144 000

    60
    59
    58
    58
    58
    58
    57
    56
    55
    54

    56
    58
    58
    58
    59
    60
    60
    60
    60
    60

    16 412
    16 200
    17 100
    17 900
    18 700
    19 600
    20 600
    21 400
    22 200
    22 600

    4 233
    4 300
    4 600
    4 700
    5 000
    5 400
    5 300
    5 800
    5 400
    5 600

    1 790 000
    1 666 000
    1 648 000
    1 627 000
    1 589 000
    1 544 000
    1 486 000
    1 439 000
    1 380 111
    1 327 000

    714
    675
    674
    671
    662
    649
    630
    616
    595
    578

    1 457
    1 457
    1 442
    1 465
    1 469
    1 473
    1 477
    1 466
    1 432
    1 401

    201 458
    201 000
    185 000
    183 000
    194 000
    218 000
    237 000
    251 000
    242 000
    235 000

    66 088
    62 000
    65 000
    71 000
    77 000
    82 000
    80 000
    77 000
    74 000
    74 000

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    487 000
    472 000
    454 000
    438 000
    426 000
    409 000
    394 000
    382 000
    371 000
    359 000

    214
    207
    201
    196
    194
    190
    182
    178
    174
    174

    141
    138
    124
    126
    123
    123
    121
    114
    115
    110

    70 100
    66 500
    64 300
    61 900
    59 600
    59 300
    53 700
    50 100
    46 000
    42 600

    16 200
    16 000
    15 400
    14 500
    14 300
    13 900
    12 200
    11 000
    10 000
    9 400

    141 000
    138 000
    136 000
    133 000
    ...
    127 000
    ...
    122 000
    120 000
    118 000

    54
    53
    52
    52
    52
    50
    ...
    48
    47
    47

    60
    60
    59
    59
    59
    59
    58
    56
    52
    53

    22 800
    22 200
    21 500
    21 000
    20 800
    20 800
    19 400
    18 400
    17 300
    16 600

    5 300
    5 400
    5 300
    5 200
    5 300
    5 000
    4 500
    4 200
    4 000
    3 800

    1 273 000
    1 200 000
    ...
    1 028 000
    961 000
    961 000
    857 000
    815 000
    780 000
    723 000

    560
    534
    ...
    468
    449
    446
    404
    390
    376
    353

    1 385
    1 374
    1 340
    1 339
    1 349
    1 360
    1 359
    1 363
    1 350
    1 343

    231 000
    235 000
    239 000
    245 000
    250 000
    250 000
    233 000
    213 000
    188 000
    165 000

    76 000
    77 000
    78 000
    78 000
    78 000
    75 000
    68 000
    59 000
    52 000
    47 000

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    348 328
    338 942
    330 732
    322 045
    313 559
    305 115
    297 089
    289 188
    270 136
    ...

    166
    163
    161
    158
    156
    153
    159
    149
    145
    ...

    107
    104
    100
    95
    93
    93
    92
    92
    92
    92

    39 666
    37 712
    36 368
    35 212
    34 516
    34 089
    33 595
    33 072
    32 633
    32 232

    8 799
    8 486
    8 400
    8 148
    7 934
    7 803
    7 691
    7 631
    7 530
    7 500

    118 175
    115 610
    113 636
    112 152
    111 130
    109 301
    107 820
    106 230
    105 252
    103 596

    58
    57
    57
    56
    56
    56
    56
    56
    56
    56

    53
    52
    50
    49
    49
    49
    48
    48
    47
    47

    16 008
    15 408
    14 955
    14 421
    14 020
    13 876
    13 691
    13 576
    13 513
    13 580

    3 700
    3 433
    3 457
    3 360
    3 198
    3 181
    3 213
    3 233
    3 207
    3 290

    700 000
    680 000
    659 000
    640 000
    621 000
    613 188
    582 000
    ...
    550 000
    ...

    345
    338
    331
    325
    319
    319
    306
    ...
    297
    ...

    1 328
    1 287
    2 262
    1 219
    1 191
    1 153
    1 142
    1 128
    1 118
    1 123

    150 795
    145 588
    141 948
    139 070
    135 702
    129 629
    124 744
    123 861
    123 012
    118 849

    43 639
    42 196
    41 555
    38 237
    35 125
    24 686
    35 259
    32 398
    31 186
    30 267

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    148

    791

    56

    747

    757

    ...
    132
    ...
    132
    132
    132
    132
    133

    85
    85
    85
    82
    81
    80
    79
    79
    79

    999
    29 614
    29 473
    29 130
    28 639
    28 583
    28 227
    27 688
    27 076
    26 186

    77

    7133.0

    57
    59
    59
    59
    59
    59
    58
    ...

    47
    47
    45
    43
    43
    43
    42
    42
    42

    581
    13 509
    13 279
    13 004
    12 730
    12 601
    12 516
    12 370
    12 169
    11 891

    134
    128
    135
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    134
    ...

    79
    ...
    78
    77
    77
    77
    77
    77
    76
    77
    77

    25 103
    ...
    23 670
    22 739
    23 900
    23 216
    24 028
    48 195
    22 631
    22 031
    21 379

    5 553
    ...
    5 094
    5 543
    6 389
    5 826
    5 136
    10 303
    5 223
    5 163
    5 275

    59
    50
    ...
    ...
    58
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    41
    ...
    41
    40
    40
    39
    39
    39
    39
    39
    39

    11 460
    ...
    10 132
    8 996
    8 287
    7 274
    8 590
    9 014
    8 847
    8 355
    7 720

    1950 9 .................
    1950 ....................
    1949 ....................
    1948 ....................
    1947 ....................
    1946 ....................
    1945 ....................
    1944 ....................
    1943 ....................
    1942 ....................
    1941 ....................
    1Beginning

    274 833
    818
    ...
    226 625
    ...
    218 061
    214 200
    210 900
    207 900
    205 500

    7236

    203 400
    191 947
    201 277
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    180 496
    ...

    731

    508
    6 860
    6 861
    6 796
    6 845
    6 977
    6 861
    6 668
    6 080
    6 135

    101 947
    615
    98 540
    100 534
    99 227
    97 529
    95 883
    93 726
    91 638
    ...

    7100

    89 441
    74 855
    ...
    ...
    82 990
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    713

    73

    253
    3 156
    3 083
    3 050
    3 038
    3 081
    3 084
    2 945
    2 975
    2 830

    7504

    2 565
    ...
    1 574
    1 755
    2 225
    2 666
    3 212
    2 470
    1 926
    1 784
    1 568

    8375

    000
    ...
    460 000
    ...
    430 000
    8430 000
    8389 600
    ...
    ...
    ...
    000
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    7282

    71

    ...
    268
    ...
    262
    259
    244
    ...
    ...
    ...

    119
    1 126
    1 118
    1 115
    1 125
    1 139
    1 141
    1 148
    1 167
    1 183

    249
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 203
    ...
    1 215
    1 245
    1 253
    1 271
    1 295
    1 307
    1 297
    1 299
    1 303

    1960, includes osteopaths.


    1954, includes Puerto Rico; beginning 1960, includes osteopaths and their schools.
    medical and basic science schools.
    4Beginning 1958, excludes graduates of year stated.
    5For 1840 and 19261931, schools offering courses in dentistry; for 18501925, schools conferring degrees; for other years, schools in operation. Includes Puerto Rico.
    6Includes Hawaii and Puerto Rico beginning 1950 for number and students and 1952 for graduates.
    7First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
    8Census estimate adjusted to exclude student nurses enumerated as graduates.
    9Census data.
    . . . = Not available.
    2Beginning
    3Approved

    7115

    057
    113 518
    112 989
    114 674
    114 423
    107 572
    103 019
    102 019
    102 550
    103 433

    98 712
    ...
    88 817
    91 643
    106 900
    128 828
    126 576
    112 249
    100 486
    91 457
    87 588

    730

    113
    30 312
    30 410
    29 933
    30 236
    28 729
    28 539
    29 308
    29 016
    28 794

    25 790
    ...
    21 379
    34 268
    40 744
    36 195
    31 721
    28 276
    26 816
    25 613
    24 889

    90

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 6-3Series B 275-290. Physicians, Dentists, and Nurses; and Medical, Dental, and Nursing Schools,
    18102002Continued
    (Number, rate per 100,000.)
    Physicians 1

    Medical schools 2

    Dentists 4

    Dental schools

    Active professional
    graduate nurses

    Professional nursing schools 6

    Number

    Number

    Students

    Year
    Amount

    Rate

    Number 3

    Students

    Graduates

    Number

    Rate

    Number 5 Students

    Graduates

    Rate

    Graduates

    1940 9 .................
    1940 ....................
    1939 ....................
    1938 ....................
    1937 ....................
    1936 ....................
    1935 ....................
    1934 ....................
    1933 ....................
    1932 ....................
    1931 ....................

    175 163
    165 989
    ...
    169 628
    ...
    165 163
    ...
    161 359
    ...
    ...
    156 406

    133
    126
    ...
    131
    ...
    129
    ...
    128
    ...
    ...
    126

    77
    ...
    77
    77
    77
    77
    77
    77
    77
    76
    76

    21 271
    ...
    21 302
    21 587
    22 095
    22 564
    22 888
    22 799
    22 466
    22 135
    21 982

    5 097
    ...
    5 089
    5 194
    5 377
    5 183
    5 101
    5 035
    4 895
    4 936
    4 735

    ...
    69 921
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    53
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    39
    ...
    39
    39
    39
    39
    39
    39
    39
    38
    38

    7 407
    ...
    7 331
    7 184
    7 397
    7 306
    7 175
    7 160
    7 508
    8 031
    8 129

    1 757
    ...
    1 794
    1 704
    1 739
    1 736
    1 840
    1 864
    1 986
    1 840
    1 842

    8284

    200
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    216
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 311
    ...
    1 328
    1 349
    1 389
    1 417
    1 472
    ...
    ...
    1 781
    1 844

    85 156
    ...
    82 095
    74 305
    73 286
    69 589
    67 533
    ...
    ...
    84 290
    100 419

    23 600
    ...
    22 485
    20 655
    20 400
    18 600
    19 600
    ...
    ...
    25 312
    25 971

    1930 9 .................
    1930 ....................
    1929 ....................
    1928 ....................
    1927 ....................
    1926 ....................
    1925 ....................
    1924 ....................
    1923 ....................
    1922 ....................
    1921 ....................

    ...
    153 803
    152 503
    ...
    149 521
    ...
    147 010
    ...
    145 966
    ...
    145 404

    ...
    125
    125
    ...
    126
    ...
    127
    ...
    130
    ...
    134

    76
    ...
    76
    80
    80
    79
    80
    79
    80
    81
    83

    21 597
    ...
    20 878
    20 545
    19 662
    18 840
    18 200
    17 728
    16 960
    15 635
    14 466

    4 565
    ...
    4 446
    4 262
    4 035
    3 962
    3 974
    3 562
    3 120
    2 520
    3 186

    ...
    71 055
    ...
    67 334
    ...
    ...
    64 481
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    58
    ...
    56
    ...
    ...
    56
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    38
    ...
    40
    40
    40
    44
    43
    43
    45
    45
    45

    7 813
    ...
    8 200
    ...
    10 333
    ...
    11 863
    ...
    13 099
    ...
    11 745

    1 561
    ...
    2 442
    2 563
    2 642
    2 610
    2 590
    3 422
    3 271
    1 765
    1 795

    8214

    300
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    174
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    1 885
    ...
    1 797
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    78 771
    ...
    77 768
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    23 810
    ...
    18 623
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1920 9 .................
    1920 ....................
    1919 ....................
    1918 ....................
    1917 ....................
    1916 ....................
    1915 ....................
    1914 ....................
    1913 ....................
    1912 ....................
    1911 ....................

    ...
    144 977
    ...
    147 812
    ...
    145 241
    ...
    142 332
    ...
    137 199
    ...

    ...
    137
    ...
    141
    ...
    142
    ...
    144
    ...
    144
    ...

    85
    ...
    85
    90
    96
    95
    96
    102
    107
    118
    122

    13 798
    ...
    13 052
    13 630
    13 764
    14 012
    14 891
    16 502
    17 015
    18 412
    19 786

    3 047
    ...
    2 656
    2 670
    3 379
    3 518
    3 536
    3 594
    3 981
    4 483
    4 273

    ...
    56 152
    ...
    ...
    45 988
    ...
    ...
    42 606
    ...
    38 866
    ...

    ...
    53
    ...
    ...
    44
    ...
    ...
    43
    ...
    41
    ...

    46
    ...
    46
    46
    46
    49
    49
    48
    51
    52
    54

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    906
    ...
    3 587
    3 345
    3 010
    2 835
    2 388
    2 254
    2 022
    1 940
    1 742

    8103

    900
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    98
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 755
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    1 509
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    54 953
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    46 141
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    14 980
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    11 118
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1910 9 .................
    1910 ....................
    1909 ....................
    1908 ....................
    1907 ....................
    1906 ....................
    1905 ....................
    1904 ....................
    1903 ....................
    1902 ....................
    1901 ....................

    135 000
    151 132
    134 402
    ...
    ...
    134 688
    ...
    128 950
    ...
    123 196
    ...

    146
    164
    149
    ...
    ...
    158
    ...
    157
    ...
    156
    ...

    131
    ...
    140
    151
    159
    162
    158
    160
    160
    160
    160

    21 526
    ...
    22 145
    22 602
    24 276
    25 204
    26 147
    28 142
    27 615
    27 501
    26 417

    4 440
    ...
    4 515
    4 741
    4 980
    5 364
    5 600
    5 747
    5 698
    5 009
    5 444

    37 684
    39 997
    ...
    36 670
    ...
    35 238
    ...
    32 204
    ...
    28 109
    ...

    41
    43
    ...
    41
    ...
    41
    ...
    39
    ...
    36
    ...

    54
    ...
    56
    55
    55
    55
    55
    56
    55
    56
    57

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 646
    ...
    1 761
    2 005
    1 724
    1 519
    2 621
    2 168
    2 198
    2 294
    2 304

    850

    500
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    55
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 129
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    862
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    32 636
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    19 824
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    8 140
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    5 795
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1900 9 .................
    1900 ....................
    1898 ....................
    1896 ....................
    1893 ....................
    1890 9 .................
    1890 ....................
    1886 ....................
    1880 9 .................
    1880 ....................

    119 749
    132 002
    115 524
    104 554
    103 090
    100 180
    104 805
    87 521
    82 000
    85 671

    157
    173
    157
    147
    154
    159
    166
    151
    163
    171

    160
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    133
    ...
    ...
    100
    ...

    25 171
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    15 404
    ...
    ...
    11 826
    ...

    5 214
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    4 454
    ...
    ...
    3 241
    ...

    25 189
    29 665
    23 911
    20 063
    ...
    ...
    17 498
    ...
    ...
    12 314

    33
    39
    33
    28
    ...
    ...
    28
    ...
    ...
    25

    57
    ...
    54
    48
    37
    31
    ...
    23
    14
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 091
    ...
    1 894
    1 432
    ...
    960
    ...
    473
    315
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    432
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    35
    ...
    ...
    15
    ...

    11 164
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    1 552
    ...
    ...
    323
    ...

    3 456
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    471
    ...
    ...
    157
    ...

    1870 9 .................
    1870 ....................
    1860 ....................
    1850 ....................
    1840 ....................
    1830 ....................
    1820 ....................
    1810 ....................

    60 000
    64 414
    55 055
    40 755
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    150
    162
    175
    176
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    75
    ...
    65
    52
    35
    20
    10
    5

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    7 988
    5 606
    2 923
    1 000
    300
    100
    50

    ...
    20
    18
    13
    6
    2
    1
    1

    10
    ...
    3
    2
    1
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    147
    ...
    64
    17
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1Beginning

    1960, includes osteopaths.


    1954, includes Puerto Rico; beginning 1960, includes osteopaths and their schools.
    medical and basic science schools.
    4Beginning 1958, excludes graduates of year stated.
    5For 1840 and 19261931, schools offering courses in dentistry; for 18501925, schools conferring degrees; for other years, schools in operation. Includes Puerto Rico.
    6Includes Hawaii and Puerto Rico beginning 1950 for number and students and 1952 for graduates.
    7First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
    8Census estimate adjusted to exclude student nurses enumerated as graduates.
    9Census data.
    . . . = Not available.
    2Beginning
    3Approved

    SECTION 6: HEALTH

    91

    Table 6-4. Medicare Enrollees, 19802002


    (Number in millions.)
    Item

    1980

    1985

    1990

    1995

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    Total ...........................................................................................................................................
    Aged ..........................................................................................................................................
    Disabled .....................................................................................................................................

    28.4
    25.5
    3.0

    31.1
    28.1
    2.9

    34.3
    31.0
    3.3

    37.6
    33.2
    4.4

    39.1
    33.9
    5.2

    39.6
    34.1
    5.4

    40.1
    34.4
    5.7

    40.4
    34.6
    5.8

    Hospital Insurance .....................................................................................................................


    Aged .........................................................................................................................................
    Disabled .....................................................................................................................................

    28.0
    25.0
    3.0

    30.6
    27.7
    2.9

    33.7
    30.5
    3.3

    37.2
    32.7
    4.4

    38.7
    33.5
    5.2

    39.2
    33.7
    5.4

    39.7
    34.0
    5.7

    40.0
    34.2
    5.8

    Supplementary medical insurance .............................................................................................


    Aged ..........................................................................................................................................
    Disabled .....................................................................................................................................

    27.3
    24.6
    2.7

    29.9
    27.2
    2.7

    32.6
    29.6
    2.9

    35.6
    31.7
    3.9

    37.0
    32.4
    4.6

    37.3
    32.6
    4.8

    37.7
    32.7
    5.0

    38.0
    32.9
    5.2

    Table 6-5. Medicare Trust Funds, 19902002


    (Billions of dollars.)
    Type of trust fund

    1990

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    Hospital insurance
    Net contribution income 1 .......................................................................................
    Interest received 2 ..................................................................................................
    Benefit payments 3 .................................................................................................
    Assets, end of year ................................................................................................

    72.2
    8.5
    66.2
    98.9

    103.3
    10.8
    116.4
    130.3

    115.9
    10.2
    128.6
    124.9

    119.5
    9.6
    137.8
    115.6

    130.7
    9.3
    134.0
    120.4

    140.3
    10.1
    128.8
    141.4

    154.5
    11.7
    128.5
    177.5

    160.9
    14.0
    141.2
    208.7

    162.7
    15.1
    234.8
    234.8

    Supplemental medical insurance


    Net premium income ..............................................................................................
    Transfers from general revenue ............................................................................
    Interest received 2 ..................................................................................................
    Benefit payments 3 .................................................................................................
    Assets, end of year ................................................................................................

    11.3
    33.0
    1.6
    42.5
    15.5

    19.7
    39.0
    1.6
    65.0
    13.1

    18.8
    65.0
    1.8
    68.6
    28.3

    19.3
    60.2
    2.5
    72.8
    36.1

    420.9
    464.1

    419.0
    459.1

    2.7
    76.1
    46.2

    2.8
    80.7
    44.8

    20.6
    65.9
    3.5
    88.9
    44.0

    22.8
    72.8
    3.1
    99.7
    41.3

    25.1
    78.3
    2.8
    111.0
    34.3

    1Includes

    income from taxation of benefits beginning in 1994. Includes premiums from aged ineligibles enrolled in HI.
    recoveries of amounts reimbursed from the trust fund.
    in 1998 monies transferred to the SMI trust fund for home health agency costs, as provided for by P.L. 10533, are included in HI benefit but excluded from SMI benefit
    payments.
    4Premium withheld from check and associated general revenue contributions that were to occur on Jan. 3, 1999, actually occurred on December 31, 1998. These amounts are
    therefore excluded from 1999 data.
    2Includes

    3Beginning

    92

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 6-6. Persons without Medical Insurance Coverage, 2000 and 2001
    (Number, percent.)
    2000

    2001

    Uninsured persons

    Sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin


    Total persons

    Number

    Uninsured persons

    Percent
    distribution

    Total persons
    Number

    Percent
    distribution

    Total 1 .............................................................................................................................................

    279 517

    39 804

    100.0

    282 082

    41 207

    100.0

    Under 18 years ...............................................................................................................................


    18 to 24 years .................................................................................................................................
    25 to 34 years .................................................................................................................................
    35 to 44 years .................................................................................................................................
    45 to 64 years .................................................................................................................................
    65 years and over ...........................................................................................................................

    72 314
    26 815
    38 865
    44 566
    63 391
    33 566

    8 617
    7 406
    8 507
    6 898
    8 124
    251

    21.6
    18.6
    21.4
    17.3
    20.4
    0.6

    72 628
    27 312
    38 670
    44 284
    65 419
    33 769

    8 509
    7 673
    9 051
    7 131
    8 571
    272

    20.6
    18.6
    22.0
    17.3
    20.8
    0.7

    Male ................................................................................................................................................
    Female ...........................................................................................................................................

    136 559
    142 958

    20 791
    19 013

    52.2
    47.8

    137 871
    144 211

    21 722
    19 485

    52.7
    47.3

    White ..............................................................................................................................................
    Non-Hispanic ..................................................................................................................................
    Black ...............................................................................................................................................
    Asian and Pacific Islander ..............................................................................................................
    Hispanic 2 .......................................................................................................................................

    228 208
    193 931
    35 597
    12 693
    360 093

    30 075
    18 683
    6 683
    2 287
    11 883

    75.6
    46.9
    16.8
    5.7
    29.9

    230 071
    194 822
    36 023
    12 500
    37 438

    31 193
    19 409
    6 833
    2 278
    12 417

    75.7
    47.1
    16.6
    5.5
    30.1

    1Includes
    2Persons

    other races not shown separately.


    of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

    SECTION 6: HEALTH

    93

    Table 6-7Series B 359-370. Average Daily Census and Admissions to Hospitals, 19462001
    (Number.)
    Year

    Average daily census

    Admissions during year

    2001 ..............................................................................................................................

    658

    35 644

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................

    650
    657
    662
    673
    685
    710
    745
    783
    807
    827

    34 891
    34 181
    33 766
    33 624
    33 307
    33 282
    33 125
    33 201
    33 536
    33 567

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................

    844
    ...
    863
    873
    883
    910
    970
    1 028
    1 053
    1 061

    33 774
    ...
    34 100
    34 400
    35 200
    36 300
    37 900
    38 900
    39 100
    39 200

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................

    1 060
    1 043
    1 042
    1 066
    1 090
    1 125
    1 187
    1 189
    1 209
    1 237

    38 900
    37 800
    37 200
    37 100
    36 800
    36 200
    35 500
    34 400
    33 300
    32 700

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................

    1 298
    1 346
    1 378
    1 380
    1 398
    1 403
    1 421
    1 430
    1 407
    1 393

    31 759
    30 729
    29 766
    29 361
    29 151
    28 812
    28 266
    27 502
    26 531
    25 474

    1960 ..............................................................................................................................
    19591 .............................................................................................................................
    1958 ..............................................................................................................................
    1957 ..............................................................................................................................
    1956 ..............................................................................................................................
    1955 ..............................................................................................................................
    1954 ..............................................................................................................................
    1953 ..............................................................................................................................
    1952 ..............................................................................................................................
    1951 ..............................................................................................................................

    1 402
    1 363
    1 323
    1 320
    1 356
    1 363
    1 343
    1 342
    1 336
    1 298

    25 027
    23 605
    23 697
    22 993
    22 090
    21 073
    20 345
    20 184
    19 624
    18 783

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946

    1 253
    1 240
    1 241
    1 190
    1 142

    18 483
    17 224
    16 821
    17 689
    15 675

    1First

    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................
    ..............................................................................................................................

    year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.


    . . . = Not available.

    94

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 6-8Series B 389-400. Hospital Expenses per Patient Day, 19462001


    (Dollars.)
    Year

    Average cost per day

    2001 ....................................................................................................................................................

    1 217

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    1 149
    1 103
    1 067
    1 033
    1 006
    968
    931
    881
    820
    752

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    687
    637
    586
    539
    501
    460
    411
    369
    327
    284

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    245
    217
    194
    174
    153
    134
    114
    84
    74
    64

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    54
    45
    38
    33
    28
    25
    23
    21
    20
    18

    1960 ....................................................................................................................................................
    1959 1 .................................................................................................................................................
    1958 2 .................................................................................................................................................
    1957 ....................................................................................................................................................
    1956 ....................................................................................................................................................
    1955 ....................................................................................................................................................
    1954 ....................................................................................................................................................
    1953 ....................................................................................................................................................
    1952 ....................................................................................................................................................
    1951 ....................................................................................................................................................

    16
    16
    15
    13
    12
    11
    11
    10
    9
    8

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    1First

    year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.


    Alaska.

    2Includes

    8
    8
    6
    5
    5

    SECTION 6: HEALTH

    95

    Table 6-9Series B 413-422. Hospital Expenses and Personnel, 19462001


    (Dollars in millions, number.)
    Expenses (millions of dollars)

    Personnel (thousands)

    Year
    Total

    Federal

    Total

    Federal

    2001 .................................................................................................................................................................

    426 800

    27 500

    5 270

    ...

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................

    395 400
    372 900
    355 500
    342 300
    330 500
    320 300
    310 800
    301 500
    282 500
    258 500

    23 900
    23 700
    22 600
    22 700
    22 300
    20 200
    20 000
    19 600
    18 200
    16 800

    5 092
    5 117
    5 116
    5 130
    5 041
    4 961
    5 009
    5 032
    4 915
    4 839

    ...
    ...
    ...
    296
    265
    301
    301
    320
    306
    301

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................

    234 900
    214 900
    196 700
    178 700
    165 200
    153 300
    144 100
    136 300
    123 200
    107 100

    15 200
    15 100
    14 600
    13 700
    13 100
    12 300
    11 200
    10 700
    9 500
    8 600

    4 690
    4 568
    4 520
    4 444
    4 368
    4 269
    4 288
    4 348
    3 959
    3 661

    303
    288
    295
    297
    296
    299
    290
    286
    302
    283

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................

    91 900
    79 800
    70 900
    63 600
    56 000
    48 700
    41 406
    36 290
    32 700
    28 812

    7 900
    7 300
    6 700
    6 200
    5 300
    4 500
    3 971
    3 524
    3 100
    2 821

    3 492
    3 382
    3 280
    3 213
    3 108
    3 023
    2 919
    2 769
    2 671
    2 589

    279
    273
    277
    278
    269
    256
    244
    238
    232
    225

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................

    25 556
    22 103
    19 061
    16 395
    14 198
    12 948
    12 031
    10 956
    10 129
    9 387

    2 483
    2 350
    2 032
    1 795
    1 633
    1 568
    1 503
    1 458
    1 408
    1 308

    2 537
    2 426
    2 309
    2 203
    2 106
    1 952
    1 887
    1 840
    1 763
    1 696

    216
    213
    210
    214
    206
    199
    193
    206
    207
    202

    1960 .................................................................................................................................................................
    19591 ...............................................................................................................................................................
    1958 .................................................................................................................................................................
    1957 .................................................................................................................................................................
    1956 .................................................................................................................................................................
    1955 .................................................................................................................................................................
    1954 .................................................................................................................................................................
    1953 .................................................................................................................................................................
    1952 .................................................................................................................................................................
    1951 .................................................................................................................................................................

    8 421
    7 789
    7 133
    6 496
    6 017
    5 594
    5 229
    4 765
    4 456
    3 913

    1 134
    1 119
    1 051
    1 013
    968
    837
    927
    853
    925
    743

    1 598
    1 520
    1 465
    1 401
    1 375
    1 301
    1 246
    1 169
    1 119
    1 075

    186
    179
    181
    186
    198
    192
    195
    198
    206
    197

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946

    3 651
    3 486
    2 875
    2 354
    1 963

    712
    764
    480
    405
    373

    1 058
    963
    939
    883
    830

    169
    161
    154
    161
    162

    1First

    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................................................................

    year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.


    . . . = Not available.

    96

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 6-10. Mental Health Facilities, by Type of Facility, 1998


    (Number, rate per 100,000.)
    Inpatient beds
    Type of facility

    Inpatients

    Inpatient care
    episodes
    (thousands) 2

    Number of facilities
    Total (thousands)

    Rate 1

    Total (thousands)

    Rate 1

    Total ...................................................................................................

    3 729

    267.7

    99.5

    221.2

    80.3

    2 800

    Mental hospitals
    State and county ............................................................................
    Private 3 ..........................................................................................
    General hospitals 4 .............................................................................
    Veterans Administration 5 ...................................................................
    Other 6 ................................................................................................

    229
    809
    1 593
    123
    975

    68.9
    65.3
    54.4
    17.0
    62.1

    25.6
    24.3
    20.2
    6.3
    23.1

    63.8
    49.9
    37.0
    14.3
    56.2

    21.2
    19.3
    13.8
    4.0
    22.0

    269
    658
    1 195
    242
    236

    1Based

    on Census Bureau estimated civilian population as of July 1.


    care episodes is defined as the number of residents in inpatient facilities at the beginning of the year plus the total additions to inpatient facilities during the year.
    residential treatment centers for emotionally disturbed children.
    4Non-federal hospitals with separate psychiatric facilities.
    5Includes U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) neuropsychiatric hospitals, VA general hospitals with separate psychiatric settings, and VA freestanding psychiatric outpatient
    clinics.
    6Includes other multiservice mental health facilities within two or more settings, which are not elsewhere classified, as well as freestanding partial care facilities which only provide
    psychiatric partial care services. Number of facilities, expenditures, and staff data also include freestanding psychiatric partial care facilities.
    2Inpatient
    3Includes

    SECTION 6: HEALTH

    97

    Table 6-11. Rate of Current Cigarette Smoking, by Sex, Age, and Race, 19652001
    (Percent.)
    Sex, age, and race

    1965

    1974

    1979

    1983

    1985

    1987

    1988

    1990

    1991

    TOTAL SMOKERS ................................................................................................

    41.9

    37.0

    33.3

    31.9

    29.9

    28.6

    27.8

    25.3

    25.5

    Male .......................................................................................................................
    18 to 24 years ........................................................................................................
    25 to 34 years ........................................................................................................
    35 to 44 years ........................................................................................................
    45 to 64 years ........................................................................................................
    65 years and over ..................................................................................................

    51.2
    54.1
    60.7
    58.2
    51.9
    28.5

    42.8
    42.1
    50.5
    51.0
    42.6
    24.8

    37.0
    35.0
    43.9
    41.8
    39.3
    20.9

    34.8
    32.9
    38.8
    41.0
    35.9
    22.0

    32.2
    28.0
    38.2
    37.6
    33.4
    19.6

    30.9
    28.2
    34.8
    36.6
    33.5
    17.2

    30.3
    25.5
    36.2
    36.5
    31.3
    18.0

    28.0
    26.6
    31.6
    34.5
    29.3
    14.6

    27.6
    23.5
    32.8
    33.1
    29.3
    15.1

    White, total .............................................................................................................


    18 to 24 years ....................................................................................................
    25 to 34 years ....................................................................................................
    35 to 44 years ....................................................................................................
    45 to 64 years ....................................................................................................
    65 years and over ..............................................................................................

    50.4
    53.0
    60.1
    57.3
    51.3
    27.7

    41.7
    40.8
    49.5
    50.1
    41.2
    24.3

    36.4
    34.3
    43.6
    41.3
    38.3
    20.5

    34.2
    32.5
    38.6
    40.8
    35.0
    20.6

    31.3
    28.4
    37.3
    36.6
    32.1
    18.9

    30.3
    29.2
    33.8
    36.2
    32.4
    16.0

    29.6
    26.7
    35.4
    35.8
    30.0
    16.9

    27.6
    27.4
    31.6
    33.5
    28.7
    13.7

    26.9
    25.1
    32.1
    32.1
    28.0
    14.2

    Black, total .............................................................................................................


    18 to 24 years ....................................................................................................
    25 to 34 years ....................................................................................................
    5 to 44 years ......................................................................................................
    45 to 64 years ....................................................................................................
    65 years and over ..............................................................................................

    31.8
    62.8
    68.4
    67.3
    57.9
    36.4

    35.6
    54.9
    58.5
    61.5
    57.8
    29.7

    30.5
    40.2
    47.5
    48.6
    50.0
    26.2

    31.3
    34.2
    39.9
    45.5
    44.8
    38.9

    30.9
    27.2
    45.6
    45.0
    46.1
    27.7

    27.4
    *14.6
    44.9
    44.0
    44.3
    30.3

    27.0
    *18.7
    41.6
    42.5
    43.2
    29.8

    20.8
    *19.9
    33.8
    42.0
    36.7
    21.5

    23.8
    *16.2
    39.4
    44.4
    42.0
    24.3

    Female ..................................................................................................................
    18 to 24 years ........................................................................................................
    25 to 34 years ........................................................................................................
    35 to 44 years ........................................................................................................
    45 to 64 years ........................................................................................................
    65 years and over ..................................................................................................

    33.7
    38.1
    43.7
    43.7
    32.0
    9.6

    32.2
    34.1
    38.8
    39.8
    33.4
    12.0

    30.1
    33.8
    33.7
    37.0
    30.7
    13.2

    29.4
    35.5
    32.6
    33.8
    31.0
    13.1

    27.9
    30.4
    32.0
    31.5
    29.9
    13.5

    26.5
    26.1
    31.8
    29.6
    28.6
    13.7

    25.7
    26.3
    31.3
    27.8
    27.7
    12.8

    22.9
    22.5
    28.2
    24.8
    24.8
    11.5

    23.5
    22.4
    28.4
    27.6
    24.6
    12.0

    White, total .............................................................................................................


    18 to 24 years ....................................................................................................
    25 to 34 years ....................................................................................................
    35 to 44 years ....................................................................................................
    45 to 64 years ....................................................................................................
    65 years and over ..............................................................................................

    34.0
    38.4
    43.4
    43.9
    32.7
    9.8

    31.7
    34.0
    38.6
    39.3
    33.0
    12.3

    30.1
    34.5
    34.1
    37.2
    30.6
    13.8

    29.4
    36.5
    32.2
    34.8
    30.6
    13.2

    27.7
    31.8
    32.0
    31.0
    29.7
    13.3

    26.7
    27.8
    31.9
    29.2
    29.0
    13.9

    25.7
    27.5
    31.0
    28.3
    27.7
    12.6

    23.4
    25.4
    28.5
    25.0
    25.4
    11.5

    23.7
    25.1
    28.4
    27.0
    25.3
    12.1

    Black, total .............................................................................................................


    18 to 24 years ....................................................................................................
    25 to 34 years ....................................................................................................
    35 to 44 years ....................................................................................................
    45 to 64 years ....................................................................................................
    65 years and over ..............................................................................................

    33.7
    37.1
    47.8
    42.8
    25.7
    7.1

    36.4
    35.6
    42.2
    46.4
    38.9
    8.9

    31.1
    31.8
    35.2
    37.7
    34.2
    8.5

    32.2
    *8.1
    38.0
    32.7
    36.3
    13.1

    31.0
    23.7
    36.2
    40.2
    33.4
    14.5

    28.0
    *8.8
    35.8
    35.3
    28.4
    11.7

    27.8
    21.8
    37.2
    27.6
    29.5
    14.8

    21.2
    *8.2
    29.1
    25.5
    22.6
    *10.2

    24.4
    11.8
    32.4
    35.3
    23.4
    *11.1

    * = Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision.

    98

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 6-11. Rate of Current Cigarette Smoking, by Sex, Age, and Race, 19652001Continued
    (Percent.)
    Sex, age, and race

    1992

    1993

    1994

    1995

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    TOTAL SMOKERS ................................................................................................

    26.3

    24.8

    25.3

    24.6

    24.6

    24.0

    23.3

    23.1

    22.7

    Male .......................................................................................................................
    18 to 24 years ........................................................................................................
    25 to 34 years ........................................................................................................
    35 to 44 years ........................................................................................................
    45 to 64 years ........................................................................................................
    65 years and over ..................................................................................................

    28.1
    28.0
    32.8
    32.9
    28.6
    16.1

    27.3
    28.8
    30.2
    32.0
    29.2
    13.5

    27.6
    29.8
    31.4
    33.2
    28.3
    13.2

    26.5
    27.8
    29.5
    31.5
    27.1
    14.9

    27.1
    31.7
    30.3
    32.1
    27.6
    12.8

    25.9
    31.3
    28.5
    30.2
    27.7
    10.4

    25.2
    29.5
    29.1
    30.0
    25.8
    10.5

    25.2
    28.5
    29.0
    30.2
    26.4
    10.2

    24.7
    30.4
    27.2
    27.4
    26.4
    11.5

    White, total .............................................................................................................


    18 to 24 years ....................................................................................................
    25 to 34 years ....................................................................................................
    35 to 44 years ....................................................................................................
    45 to 64 years ....................................................................................................
    65 years and over ..............................................................................................

    27.7
    30.0
    33.5
    30.9
    28.1
    14.9

    26.6
    30.4
    29.9
    31.2
    27.8
    12.5

    27.1
    31.8
    32.5
    32.0
    26.9
    11.9

    26.2
    28.4
    29.9
    31.2
    26.3
    14.1

    26.8
    34.0
    30.4
    32.1
    26.5
    11.5

    26.0
    34.1
    29.2
    29.6
    27.0
    10.0

    25.0
    30.5
    30.8
    29.5
    24.5
    10.0

    25.5
    30.9
    29.9
    30.6
    25.8
    9.8

    24.9
    32.5
    29.0
    27.8
    25.1
    10.7

    Black, total .............................................................................................................


    18 to 24 years ....................................................................................................
    25 to 34 years ....................................................................................................
    5 to 44 years ......................................................................................................
    45 to 64 years ....................................................................................................
    65 years and over ..............................................................................................

    24.5
    16.2
    29.5
    47.5
    35.4
    28.3

    20.6
    19.9
    30.7
    36.9
    42.4
    27.9

    21.6
    18.7
    29.8
    44.5
    41.2
    25.6

    23.5
    14.6
    25.1
    36.3
    33.9
    28.5

    22.5
    23.5
    31.6
    33.9
    39.4
    26.0

    21.1
    19.7
    25.2
    36.1
    37.3
    16.3

    20.5
    23.6
    22.7
    34.8
    35.7
    17.3

    20.7
    20.8
    23.3
    30.8
    32.2
    14.2

    17.9
    21.6
    23.8
    29.9
    34.3
    21.1

    Female ..................................................................................................................
    18 to 24 years ........................................................................................................
    25 to 34 years ........................................................................................................
    35 to 44 years ........................................................................................................
    45 to 64 years ........................................................................................................
    65 years and over ..................................................................................................

    24.6
    24.9
    30.1
    27.3
    26.1
    12.4

    22.6
    22.9
    27.3
    27.4
    23.0
    10.5

    23.1
    25.2
    28.8
    26.8
    22.8
    11.1

    22.7
    21.8
    26.4
    27.1
    24.0
    11.5

    22.2
    25.7
    24.8
    27.2
    21.5
    11.5

    22.1
    24.5
    24.6
    26.4
    22.5
    11.2

    21.6
    26.3
    23.5
    26.5
    21.0
    10.7

    21.1
    25.1
    22.5
    26.2
    21.6
    9.3

    20.8
    23.4
    23.0
    25.7
    21.4
    9.2

    White, total .............................................................................................................


    18 to 24 years ....................................................................................................
    25 to 34 years ....................................................................................................
    35 to 44 years ....................................................................................................
    45 to 64 years ....................................................................................................
    65 years and over ..............................................................................................

    25.1
    28.5
    31.5
    27.6
    25.8
    12.6

    23.1
    26.8
    28.4
    27.3
    23.4
    10.5

    23.7
    28.5
    30.2
    27.1
    23.2
    11.1

    23.1
    24.9
    27.3
    27.0
    24.3
    11.7

    22.5
    29.4
    26.1
    27.5
    20.9
    11.7

    22.6
    28.1
    26.9
    26.6
    22.5
    11.2

    22.1
    29.6
    25.5
    26.9
    21.2
    10.5

    21.6
    28.7
    25.1
    26.6
    21.4
    9.1

    21.7
    27.2
    25.5
    27.0
    21.6
    9.4

    Black, total .............................................................................................................


    18 to 24 years ....................................................................................................
    25 to 34 years ....................................................................................................
    35 to 44 years ....................................................................................................
    45 to 64 years ....................................................................................................
    65 years and over ..............................................................................................

    24.2
    10.3
    26.9
    32.4
    30.9
    11.1

    20.8
    8.2
    24.7
    31.5
    21.3
    10.2

    21.7
    11.8
    24.8
    28.2
    23.5
    13.6

    23.5
    8.8
    26.7
    31.9
    27.5
    13.3

    22.5
    11.5
    22.5
    30.1
    28.4
    10.7

    21.1
    8.1
    21.5
    30.0
    25.4
    *13.1

    20.6
    14.8
    18.2
    28.8
    22.3
    *8.5

    20.8
    14.2
    15.5
    30.2
    25.6
    *8.9

    18.0
    10.0
    16.8
    24.0
    22.6
    9.3

    * = Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision.

    SECTION 6: HEALTH

    99

    Table 6-12. Rate of Drug Use, by Type of Drug and Age, 19852001
    (Percent.)
    Ever used

    Current user

    Age and type of drug


    1985

    1990

    1995

    1996

    1997

    2000

    2001

    1985

    1990

    1995

    1996

    1997

    2000

    2001

    12 Years and Over


    Marijuana and hashish .............................
    Cocaine ....................................................
    Crack ....................................................
    Inhalants ...................................................
    Hallucinogens ...........................................
    PCP ..........................................................
    LSD ..........................................................
    Heroin .......................................................
    Stimulants1 ...............................................
    Sedatives1 ................................................
    Tranquilizers1 ...........................................
    Analgesics1 ..............................................
    Alcohol .....................................................
    Cigarettes .................................................
    Smokeless tobacco ..................................

    29.4
    11.2
    ...
    7.9
    6.9
    2.0
    4.6
    0.9
    7.3
    4.8
    7.6
    7.6
    84.9
    78.0
    ...

    30.5
    11.2
    1.5
    5.7
    7.9
    2.0
    5.8
    0.8
    5.5
    2.8
    4.0
    6.3
    82.2
    75.4
    17.5

    31.0
    10.3
    1.8
    5.7
    9.5
    3.2
    7.5
    1.2
    4.9
    2.7
    3.9
    6.1
    82.3
    71.8
    17.0

    32.0
    10.3
    2.2
    5.6
    9.7
    3.2
    7.7
    1.1
    4.7
    2.3
    3.6
    5.5
    82.6
    71.6
    17.0

    32.9
    10.5
    1.9
    5.7
    9.6
    3.0
    7.8
    0.9
    4.5
    1.9
    3.2
    4.9
    81.9
    70.5
    17.3

    34.2
    11.2
    2.4
    1.2
    11.7
    2.6
    8.8
    ...
    6.6
    3.2
    5.8
    ...
    81.0
    66.5
    18.5

    36.9
    12.3
    2.8
    1.4
    12.5
    2.7
    9.0
    ...
    7.1
    3.3
    6.2
    ...
    81.7
    67.2
    19.1

    9.7
    3.0
    ...
    0.6
    1.2
    ...
    ...
    0.1
    1.8
    0.5
    2.2
    1.4
    60.2
    38.7
    ...

    5.4
    0.9
    0.3
    0.4
    0.4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    0.6
    0.2
    0.6
    0.9
    52.6
    32.6
    3.9

    4.7
    0.7
    0.2
    0.4
    0.7
    ...
    0.3
    0.1
    0.4
    0.2
    0.4
    0.6
    52.2
    28.8
    3.3

    4.7
    0.8
    0.3
    0.4
    0.6
    0.1
    0.2
    0.1
    0.4
    0.1
    0.4
    0.9
    51.0
    28.9
    3.2

    5.1
    0.7
    0.3
    0.4
    0.8
    0.2
    0.2
    0.3
    0.1
    0.4
    0.7
    51.4
    29.6
    3.2

    4.8
    0.5
    0.1
    0.1
    0.4
    ...
    0.2
    0.4
    0.1
    0.4
    ...
    46.6
    24.9
    3.4

    5.4
    0.7
    0.2
    0.1
    0.6
    ...
    0.1
    ...
    0.5
    0.1
    0.6
    ...
    48.3
    24.9
    3.2

    12 to 17 Years of Age
    Marijuana and hashish .............................
    Cocaine ....................................................
    Alcohol .....................................................
    Cigarettes .................................................

    20.1
    4.7
    56.1
    50.7

    12.7
    2.6
    48.8
    45.1

    16.2
    2.0
    40.6
    38.1

    16.8
    1.9
    38.8
    36.3

    18.9
    3.0
    39.7
    38.7

    18.3
    2.4
    41.7
    34.6

    19.7
    2.3
    42.9
    33.6

    10.2
    1.5
    41.2
    29.4

    4.4
    0.6
    32.5
    22.4

    8.2
    0.8
    21.1
    20.2

    7.1
    0.6
    18.8
    18.3

    9.4
    1.0
    20.5
    19.9

    7.2
    0.6
    16.4
    13.4

    8.0
    0.4
    17.3
    13.0

    18 to 25 Years of Age
    Marijuana and hashish .............................
    Cocaine ....................................................
    Alcohol .....................................................
    Cigarettes .................................................

    57.6
    24.3
    ...
    75.3

    50.4
    19.3
    87.6
    70.7

    41.4
    9.8
    84.4
    67.7

    44.0
    10.2
    83.8
    68.5

    41.5
    8.9
    83.5
    67.7

    45.7
    10.9
    84.0
    67.3

    50.0
    13.0
    85.0
    69.0

    21.7
    8.1
    70.1
    47.4

    12.7
    2.3
    62.8
    40.9

    12.0
    1.3
    61.3
    35.3

    13.2
    2.0
    60.0
    38.3

    12.8
    1.2
    58.4
    40.6

    13.6
    1.4
    56.8
    38.3

    16.0
    1.9
    58.8
    39.1

    26 to 34 Years of Age
    Marijuana and hashish .............................
    Cocaine ....................................................
    Alcohol .....................................................
    Cigarettes .................................................

    54.1
    23.6
    ...
    84.7

    56.5
    25.4
    ...
    84.1

    51.8
    21.6
    90.1
    75.8

    50.5
    20.9
    90.3
    73.8

    47.9
    18.4
    88.9
    72.8

    46.0
    15.1
    ...
    ...

    47.9
    15.9
    ...
    ...

    19.0
    6.3
    70.6
    45.7

    9.5
    1.9
    64.4
    42.4

    6.7
    1.2
    63.0
    34.7

    6.3
    1.5
    61.6
    35.0

    6.0
    0.9
    60.2
    33.7

    5.9
    0.8
    ...
    ...

    6.8
    1.1
    ...
    ...

    35 Years and Over


    Marijuana and hashish .............................
    Cocaine ....................................................
    Alcohol .....................................................
    Cigarettes .................................................

    13.9
    4.1
    ...
    82.2

    19.6
    5.9
    83.5
    79.0

    25.3
    8.6
    87.1
    77.5

    27.0
    8.9
    87.8
    77.8

    29.4
    9.9
    87.0
    76.0

    31.6
    11.8
    ...
    ...

    34.5
    13.0
    ...
    ...

    2.6
    0.5
    57.5
    35.5

    2.4
    0.2
    49.5
    28.9

    1.8
    0.4
    52.6
    27.2

    2.0
    0.4
    51.7
    27.0

    2.6
    0.5
    52.8
    27.9

    2.3
    0.3
    ...
    ...

    3.5
    0.5
    ...
    ...

    1Nonmedical

    use, does not include over-the-counter drugs.


    - = Quantity zero.
    . . . = Not available.

    100

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 6-13. AIDS Cases Reported, by Patient Characteristic, 19812002


    (Number.)
    Characteristic

    19812002
    Total

    1990

    1994

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    Total 1 ............................................................................

    831 112

    41 529

    77 103

    70 864

    66 497

    58 443

    48 269

    44 580

    40 282

    41 450

    42 745

    Age
    Under 5 years old ..........................................................
    5 to 12 years old ............................................................
    13 to 19 years old ..........................................................
    20 to 29 years old ..........................................................
    30 to 39 years old ..........................................................
    40 to 49 years old ..........................................................
    50 to 59 years old ..........................................................
    60 years old and over ....................................................

    6 574
    1 887
    3 423
    117 717
    310 196
    176 239
    52 437
    19 724

    583
    137
    167
    7 854
    18 798
    9 725
    2 926
    1 253

    751
    220
    385
    12 321
    34 775
    20 505
    5 894
    2 050

    554
    189
    380
    10 866
    31 731
    19 446
    5 560
    1 924

    482
    168
    375
    9 655
    29 647
    18 818
    5 290
    1 858

    306
    145
    354
    8 130
    25 693
    16 957
    4 951
    1 733

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    255
    297
    5 858
    18 644
    13 625
    4 395
    1 506

    ...
    189
    315
    5 077
    16 516
    12 505
    4 254
    1 426

    ...
    170
    355
    5 008
    16 227
    13 408
    4 632
    1 650

    ...
    150
    402
    5 252
    16 092
    14 035
    5 109
    1 705

    Sex
    Male ...............................................................................
    Female ...........................................................................

    574 783
    113 414

    36 667
    4 862

    63 301
    13 802

    57 451
    13 413

    52 969
    13 528

    45 696
    12 747

    37 076
    11 190

    34 013
    10 312

    30 135
    9 958

    30 663
    10 617

    31 644
    10 951

    Race and Hispanic Origin


    Non-Hispanic White .......................................................
    Non-Hispanic Black .......................................................
    Hispanic .........................................................................
    Other/unknown ..............................................................

    364 458
    347 491
    163 940
    9 799

    22 258
    13 199
    5 657
    415

    32 729
    30 923
    12 556
    895

    29 386
    29 060
    11 544
    874

    26 172
    28 639
    10 796
    890

    20 170
    26 995
    10 387
    891

    13 553
    20 672
    8 460
    503

    14 587
    21 541
    175
    356

    13 173
    19 571
    206
    365

    13 047
    20 727
    191
    415

    13 151
    21 649
    197
    449

    Cases Reported by Characteristic


    Males, 13 years and over ..............................................

    570 425

    36 277

    62 820

    57 082

    52 630

    45 440

    36 886

    ...

    ...

    31 901

    ...

    Men who have sex with men .........................................


    Injecting drug use ..........................................................
    Men who have sex with men and injecting drug use .....
    Hemophilia/coagulation disorder ...................................
    Heterosexual contact 2 ...................................................
    Heterosexual contact with injecting drug user ...............
    Transfusion 3 ..................................................................
    Undetermined 4 ..............................................................

    326 051
    126 889
    43 640
    4 663
    15 346
    8 015
    4 784
    41 037

    23 797
    6 957
    2 809
    332
    260
    457
    449
    1 216

    35 255
    15 124
    4 529
    482
    1 886
    932
    369
    4 243

    30 953
    13 329
    3 805
    426
    1 930
    874
    341
    5 424

    27 460
    11 801
    3 153
    304
    2 348
    827
    270
    6 467

    20 894
    9 737
    2 262
    180
    2 087
    703
    217
    9 360

    16 642
    7 869
    1 984
    145
    1 979
    631
    156
    7 480

    15 464
    7 207
    1 806
    139
    2 858
    635
    137
    7 746

    13 562
    5 922
    1 548
    93
    2 549
    519
    144
    7 683

    13 265
    5 261
    1 502
    97
    2 213
    549
    105
    8 909

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Females, 13 years and over ..........................................

    109 311

    4 529

    13 295

    13 017

    13 195

    12 530

    10 998

    ...

    ...

    11 082

    ...

    Injecting drug use ..........................................................


    Hemophilia/coagulation disorder ...................................
    Heterosexual contact .....................................................
    Heterosexual contact with injecting drug user ...............
    Transfusion ....................................................................
    Undetermined ................................................................

    46 804
    248
    24 897
    18 231
    3 598
    15 533

    2 325
    16
    506
    1 035
    335
    312

    5 907
    28
    3 431
    2 029
    310
    1 590

    5 290
    26
    3 518
    1 873
    271
    2 039

    4 728
    22
    3 781
    1 870
    266
    2 528

    4 044
    16
    3 293
    1 349
    181
    3 647

    3 201
    17
    2 913
    1 212
    137
    3 518

    2 931
    12
    4 281
    1 155
    119
    3 437

    2 609
    3
    3 981
    977
    138
    3 728

    2 212
    9
    3 205
    937
    113
    4 606

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1Includes

    unknown, not shown separately.


    persons who have had heterosexual contact with a person with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or at risk of HIV infection.
    of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue.
    4Includes persons for whom risk information is incomplete (because of death, refusal to be interviewed, or loss to followup), persons still under investigation, men reported only to have
    had heterosexual contact with prostitutes, and interviewed persons for whom no risk is specified.
    . . . = Not available.
    2Includes
    3Receipt

    SECTION 6: HEALTH

    101

    Table 6-14. Number and Rate of Abortions, by Race, 19751999


    (Number in thousands, rate, ratio.)
    All races
    Year

    Women
    1544
    years old

    Number

    White

    Rate per
    1,000
    women

    Ratio per
    1,000 live
    births 1

    Women
    1544
    years old

    Number

    Black and other

    Rate per
    1,000
    women

    Ratio per
    1,000 live
    births 1

    Women
    1544
    years old

    Number

    Rate per
    1,000
    women

    Ratio per
    1,000 live
    births 1

    1999 ...........................................................
    1998 ...........................................................
    1997 ...........................................................
    1996 ...........................................................
    1995 ...........................................................
    1994 2 .........................................................
    1993 2 .........................................................
    1992 ...........................................................
    1991 ...........................................................

    61 475
    61 326
    61 041
    59 606
    59 442
    59 284
    59 143
    59 020
    59 080

    1 315
    1 319
    1 335
    1 366
    1 364
    1 431
    1 500
    1 529
    1 557

    21.4
    21.5
    21.9
    22.9
    22.9
    24.1
    25.4
    25.9
    26.3

    327
    334
    341
    351
    351
    364
    378
    380
    379

    48 974
    49 012
    48 942
    48 120
    48 140
    48 121
    48 137
    48 161
    48 406

    743
    762
    777
    800
    820
    861
    911
    943
    982

    15.2
    15.5
    15.9
    16.6
    17.0
    17.9
    18.9
    19.6
    20.3

    234
    244
    251
    259
    265
    277
    291
    298
    303

    12 501
    12 313
    12 099
    11 486
    11 302
    11 163
    11 007
    10 859
    10 674

    572
    557
    558
    566
    544
    570
    589
    585
    574

    45.8
    45.2
    46.1
    49.2
    48.1
    51.1
    53.5
    53.9
    53.8

    674
    678
    684
    701
    686
    699
    700
    681
    661

    1990 2 .........................................................
    1989 2 .........................................................
    1988 ...........................................................
    1987 ...........................................................
    1986 2 .........................................................
    1985 ...........................................................
    1984 ...........................................................
    1983 2 .........................................................
    1982 ...........................................................
    1981 ...........................................................

    58 700
    58 365
    58 192
    57 964
    57 483
    56 754
    56 061
    55 340
    54 679
    53 901

    1 609
    1 567
    1 591
    1 559
    1 574
    1 589
    1 577
    1 575
    1 574
    1 577

    27.4
    26.8
    27.3
    27.1
    27.4
    28.0
    28.1
    28.5
    28.8
    29.3

    389
    380
    401
    405
    416
    422
    423
    436
    428
    430

    48 224
    48 104
    48 325
    48 288
    48 010
    47 512
    47 023
    46 506
    46 049
    45 494

    1 039
    1 006
    1 026
    1 017
    1 045
    1 076
    1 087
    1 084
    1 095
    1 108

    21.5
    20.9
    21.2
    21.1
    21.8
    22.6
    23.1
    23.3
    23.8
    24.3

    318
    309
    333
    338
    350
    360
    366
    376
    373
    377

    10 476
    10 261
    9 867
    9 676
    9 473
    9 242
    9 038
    8 834
    8 630
    8 407

    570
    561
    565
    542
    529
    513
    491
    491
    479
    470

    54.4
    54.7
    57.3
    56.0
    55.9
    55.5
    54.3
    55.5
    55.5
    55.9

    655
    650
    638
    648
    661
    659
    646
    670
    646
    645

    1980 ...........................................................
    1979 ...........................................................
    1975 ...........................................................

    53 048
    52 016
    47 606

    1 554
    1 498
    1 034

    29.3
    28.8
    21.7

    428
    420
    331

    44 942
    44 266
    40 857

    1 094
    1 062
    701

    24.3
    24.0
    17.2

    376
    373
    276

    8 106
    7 750
    6 749

    460
    435
    333

    56.5
    56.2
    49.3

    642
    625
    565

    1Live

    births are those which occurred from July 1 of year shown through June 30 of the following year (to match time of conception with abortions). Births are classified by race of child
    19721988, and by race of mother after 1988.
    number of abortions in 1983 and 1986 have been estimated by interpolation; 1989, 1990, 1993, and 1994 have been estimated using trends in CDC data.

    2Total

    102

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 6-15. Organ Transplants and Grafts, 19902002


    (Number, percent.)
    Number of procedures

    Number of centers

    Type of transplant or graft


    1990

    1995

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    1990

    2002

    1-year
    patient
    survival
    rates,
    2001
    (percent)

    Number of
    people
    waiting,
    2002

    Transplants
    Heart ..................................................................................................
    Heart-lung 1 ........................................................................................
    Lung ...................................................................................................
    Liver ...................................................................................................
    Kidney ................................................................................................

    2 095
    52
    203
    2 631
    9 358

    2 342
    69
    869
    3 818
    10 957

    2 159
    49
    884
    4 594
    12 455

    2 172
    47
    955
    4 816
    13 258

    2 202
    27
    1 054
    5 177
    14 152

    2 153
    33
    1 042
    5 326
    14 741

    148
    79
    70
    85
    232

    140
    78
    75
    123
    248

    85.9
    73.9
    77.1
    85.7
    ...

    3 751
    195
    3 913
    17 620
    54 933

    Kidney-pancreas 1 ..............................................................................
    Pancreas ............................................................................................
    Intestine .............................................................................................
    Multi-organ .........................................................................................

    459
    60
    1
    71

    915
    103
    21
    124

    933
    350
    37
    169

    910
    420
    29
    213

    884
    468
    112
    228

    903
    546
    107
    309

    ...
    84
    ...
    ...

    ...
    139
    38
    ...

    94.0
    93.9
    70.1
    ...

    2 400
    1 420
    177
    ...

    Grafts
    Cornea grafts .....................................................................................
    Bone grafts ........................................................................................
    Skin grafts 5 ........................................................................................

    240 631
    350 000
    5 500

    44 652
    450 000
    5 500

    45 765
    650 000
    10 000

    46 949
    800 000
    15 000

    46 532
    875 000
    20 000

    625
    ...
    ...

    4107

    493

    30
    25

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    X
    X

    1Heart-lung

    346

    and kidney-pancreas transplants are each counted as one organ. All other multi-organ transplants, excluding kidney-pancreas and heart-lung, are included in the multi-organ
    row. The data and analyses reported in the 2002 Annual Report of the U.S. Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. The Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients have been
    supplied by UNOS under contract with HHS. Data subject to change based on future data submission or correction.
    2Starting in 1990, the number of procedures and eye banks include Canada.
    3Number of procedures does not include Canada.
    4Eye banks.
    5Procedure data are shown in square feet.
    X = Not applicable.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION

    FOOD AND
    NUTRITION

    104

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 7

    FOOD AND
    NUTRITION
    Highlights

    Beverage Consumption Per Capita, 19662001


    50

    40

    Soft drinks

    Gallons Per Capita

    Coffee
    Milk

    30

    Beer
    Bottled water
    Wine

    20

    10

    0
    1966

    1971

    1976

    1981

    1986

    1991

    1996

    2001

    Year

    The annual consumption of red meat has declined


    from 131.9 pounds per capita in 1970 to 111.3 pounds in
    2001. Poultry has gained over the same period, its consumption rising from 33.8 pounds to 66.2 pounds. Fish
    and shellfish have also increased, from 11.7 pounds to
    14.7 pounds.

    Soft drinks remain the most popular beverage, with


    annual consumption increasing from 35.1 gallons per
    capita to 49.0 gallons between 1980 and 2001. Bottled
    water has also become popular, with annual per capita
    consumption soaring from 2.4 gallons to 19.0 gallons.
    With smaller gains are fruit juices from 7.4 gallons to
    8.2 gallons and tea from 7.3 gallons to 8.2 gallons. All

    other beverages have declined during this period: coffee


    from 26.7 gallons to 24.2 gallons; milk from 27.6 gallons
    to 22.0 gallons; beer from 24.3 gallons to 21.7 gallons;
    wine from 2.1 gallons to 2.0 gallons; and distilled spirits
    from 2.0 gallons to 1.3 gallons.

    SECTION 7: FOOD AND NUTRITION

    105

    Table 7-1Series B 448-452. Index of Per Capita Consumption of Selected Nutrients, 19092000
    (1980 = 100.)
    Year

    Calories

    Protein

    Fat

    Carbohydrate

    Calcium

    Iron

    Cholesterol

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    118
    115
    112
    112
    112
    112
    112
    112
    109
    109

    117
    116
    115
    114
    114
    114
    115
    113
    113
    111

    113
    107
    103
    101
    102
    103
    105
    107
    105
    102

    125
    125
    125
    124
    124
    121
    122
    119
    117
    115

    108
    109
    109
    109
    109
    108
    110
    108
    109
    108

    138
    138
    135
    134
    135
    134
    136
    135
    137
    134

    100
    98
    95
    93
    93
    93
    95
    93
    93
    93

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    109
    106
    109
    106
    106
    106
    103
    100
    100
    100

    111
    109
    110
    109
    107
    106
    103
    102
    100
    100

    104
    103
    106
    105
    107
    107
    104
    103
    100
    100

    115
    112
    112
    110
    107
    106
    102
    101
    100
    100

    108
    104
    106
    107
    107
    106
    102
    101
    100
    99

    132
    128
    128
    125
    123
    122
    117
    116
    102
    101

    93
    95
    98
    98
    98
    100
    98
    98
    98
    98

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    100
    100
    97
    97
    100
    97
    97
    97
    100
    100

    100
    101
    100
    101
    102
    98
    100
    100
    102
    103

    100
    99
    98
    97
    99
    95
    99
    97
    101
    101

    100
    100
    99
    101
    101
    98
    98
    100
    98
    100

    100
    102
    101
    102
    103
    99
    101
    104
    104
    106

    100
    101
    98
    100
    102
    99
    98
    95
    95
    95

    100
    100
    100
    100
    100
    98
    102
    100
    107
    109

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    100
    100
    97
    97
    97

    102
    101
    101
    100
    99

    100
    99
    99
    97
    96

    99
    100
    99
    98
    97

    104
    102
    101
    101
    103

    94
    93
    93
    92
    88

    109
    107
    109
    109
    107

    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    94
    94
    94
    94
    94

    98
    99
    98
    97
    98

    94
    95
    93
    93
    91

    96
    96
    96
    96
    96

    103
    103
    103
    103
    103

    87
    89
    89
    89
    88

    107
    109
    109
    109
    109

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    94
    94
    94
    94
    94
    94
    94
    94
    97
    94

    97
    98
    97
    98
    100
    98
    98
    99
    99
    98

    91
    93
    91
    91
    94
    93
    91
    91
    91
    89

    97
    96
    97
    96
    97
    97
    97
    100
    101
    102

    104
    104
    106
    107
    108
    108
    107
    108
    110
    109

    87
    87
    87
    87
    89
    87
    87
    87
    87
    88

    112
    114
    114
    116
    119
    119
    116
    119
    119
    119

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    97
    97
    97
    100
    100
    100
    103
    103
    100
    103

    99
    99
    99
    103
    109
    111
    109
    107
    103
    99

    93
    89
    89
    92
    91
    91
    94
    93
    92
    93

    104
    104
    103
    109
    107
    109
    111
    111
    110
    115

    110
    110
    110
    116
    121
    121
    115
    112
    109
    103

    90
    89
    89
    92
    98
    99
    97
    89
    85
    80

    121
    119
    119
    121
    121
    126
    121
    119
    114
    109

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    100
    100
    97
    97
    100
    97
    97
    100
    100
    103

    98
    97
    95
    94
    96
    91
    95
    94
    95
    96

    91
    89
    85
    85
    86
    82
    86
    85
    85
    86

    111
    113
    111
    111
    113
    112
    111
    113
    116
    119

    102
    101
    100
    98
    98
    96
    93
    93
    94
    94

    77
    78
    77
    75
    78
    76
    76
    74
    75
    77

    109
    107
    105
    105
    102
    98
    105
    105
    107
    109

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    103
    103
    106
    106
    103
    103
    103
    103
    103
    94

    97
    99
    98
    99
    99
    99
    100
    100
    97
    94

    86
    87
    87
    86
    86
    86
    86
    85
    81
    76

    123
    122
    125
    124
    124
    122
    122
    120
    123
    112

    94
    96
    93
    93
    93
    92
    91
    90
    89
    88

    77
    79
    78
    79
    78
    78
    79
    80
    78
    76

    109
    109
    109
    112
    112
    109
    112
    109
    107
    102

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    97
    103
    100
    100
    100
    103
    103
    103
    103
    103

    97
    99
    100
    99
    99
    100
    101
    103
    104
    104

    77
    81
    81
    76
    79
    79
    80
    79
    78
    80

    116
    122
    118
    120
    120
    123
    123
    125
    125
    125

    89
    84
    90
    82
    78
    81
    83
    87
    89
    83

    78
    81
    85
    83
    78
    80
    80
    81
    83
    83

    102
    102
    100
    98
    102
    102
    100
    105
    105
    109

    1910 ......................................................
    1909 ......................................................

    103
    106

    105
    107

    79
    81

    126
    127

    84
    87

    84
    86

    105
    105

    Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Nutrient Content of the U.S. Food Supply.

    106

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 7-2. Per Capita Consumption of Selected Beverages, by Type, 19662001


    (Gallons; consumption represents the residual after exports; non-food use and ending stocks are subtracted from the sum of beginning stocks,
    domestic production, and imports; uses U.S. resident population, July 1 for all beverages except coffee, tea, and fruit juices, which use U.S.
    resident population plus the Armed Forces overseas, July 1.)
    Non-alcoholic
    Milk

    Year
    Total

    Tea
    Total

    2001 ...............

    Whole

    Alcoholic

    Carbonated soft drinks


    Coffee

    Other

    Bottled
    water

    Total

    Diet

    Regular

    Fruit
    juices

    Fruit
    Vegetadrinks, Canned
    ble
    cocktails, iced tea
    juices
    and ades

    Total

    Beer

    Wine 1

    Distilled
    spirits

    ...

    22.0

    7.8

    14.2

    8.2

    24.2

    19.0

    49.0

    11.8

    37.2

    8.3

    ...

    ...

    ...

    25.0

    21.7

    2.0

    1.3

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............

    ...
    139.6
    135.4
    133.0
    130.6
    128.9
    129.2
    131.1
    132.3
    130.0

    22.5
    22.9
    23.0
    23.4
    23.8
    23.9
    24.3
    24.4
    25.1
    25.5

    8.0
    8.2
    8.1
    8.3
    8.5
    8.6
    9.0
    9.2
    9.7
    10.1

    14.4
    14.8
    14.9
    15.2
    15.3
    15.3
    15.3
    15.2
    15.4
    15.4

    7.8
    8.2
    8.3
    7.2
    7.6
    7.9
    8.1
    8.3
    8.0
    7.4

    26.3
    25.1
    23.9
    23.3
    22.1
    20.2
    20.8
    23.3
    25.8
    26.7

    17.4
    16.4
    15.0
    13.9
    13.0
    12.1
    11.3
    10.3
    9.7
    8.0

    49.2
    49.7
    47.9
    46.8
    46.6
    47.4
    48.4
    48.6
    48.2
    47.8

    11.6
    11.4
    11.0
    10.6
    10.6
    10.9
    11.3
    11.4
    11.5
    11.6

    37.7
    38.2
    36.8
    36.2
    36.0
    36.5
    37.1
    37.2
    36.7
    36.2

    8.7
    8.5
    8.8
    9.0
    8.6
    8.6
    8.1
    8.6
    8.5
    7.4

    ...
    7.7
    7.7
    8.2
    7.9
    7.7
    7.3
    6.9
    6.5
    6.9

    ...
    0.7
    0.7
    0.8
    0.7
    0.7
    0.6
    0.4
    0.2
    0.2

    ...
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3

    24.9
    25.0
    24.8
    24.7
    24.8
    24.7
    25.3
    25.5
    25.9
    26.3

    21.7
    21.8
    21.7
    21.6
    21.7
    21.8
    22.3
    22.4
    22.7
    23.1

    2.0
    2.0
    1.9
    1.9
    1.9
    1.7
    1.7
    1.7
    1.9
    1.8

    1.3
    1.2
    1.2
    1.2
    1.2
    1.2
    1.3
    1.3
    1.4
    1.4

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............

    128.4
    124.9
    124.0
    121.0
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    25.7
    26.0
    26.1
    26.1
    26.5
    26.7
    26.4
    26.3
    26.4
    27.1

    10.5
    11.4
    12.4
    13.0
    13.5
    14.3
    14.8
    15.2
    15.5
    16.3

    15.2
    14.7
    13.7
    13.1
    13.0
    12.3
    11.6
    11.1
    10.9
    10.8

    6.9
    6.9
    7.0
    6.9
    7.1
    7.1
    7.1
    7.0
    6.9
    7.2

    26.8
    26.2
    25.6
    26.7
    27.5
    27.4
    26.8
    26.3
    25.9
    26.0

    8.0
    7.4
    6.5
    5.7
    5.0
    4.5
    4.0
    3.4
    3.0
    2.7

    46.2
    45.4
    44.7
    41.9
    35.8
    35.7
    35.9
    35.2
    35.3
    35.4

    10.7
    10.7
    10.1
    9.4
    7.6
    7.1
    6.6
    6.0
    5.5
    5.3

    35.6
    34.7
    34.5
    32.4
    28.2
    28.7
    29.3
    29.3
    29.8
    30.0

    8.0
    6.6
    8.2
    7.9
    8.3
    7.8
    7.7
    7.3
    8.4
    6.7

    6.3
    5.9
    5.7
    5.4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    27.5
    27.2
    27.6
    28.0
    28.2
    28.0
    28.1
    28.3
    28.5
    28.8

    23.9
    23.6
    23.8
    24.0
    24.1
    23.8
    24.0
    24.2
    24.4
    24.6

    2.0
    2.1
    2.3
    2.4
    2.4
    2.4
    2.4
    2.3
    2.2
    2.2

    1.5
    1.5
    1.5
    1.6
    1.6
    1.8
    1.8
    1.8
    1.9
    2.0

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    27.6
    28.2
    28.6
    29.0
    29.3
    29.5
    29.5
    30.5
    31.0
    31.3

    17.0
    18.0
    18.7
    19.5
    20.4
    21.1
    21.7
    23.0
    24.1
    25.0

    10.5
    10.2
    9.8
    9.5
    9.0
    8.4
    7.7
    7.5
    6.9
    6.3

    7.3
    6.9
    7.2
    7.5
    7.7
    7.5
    7.5
    7.4
    7.3
    7.2

    26.7
    29.3
    27.3
    24.5
    32.5
    31.4
    33.2
    33.3
    33.6
    32.2

    2.4
    2.2
    1.9
    1.3
    1.2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    35.1
    34.7
    34.2
    33.0
    30.8
    28.2
    27.6
    27.6
    26.2
    25.5

    5.1
    4.9
    4.6
    4.3
    3.8
    3.2
    2.9
    2.7
    2.3
    2.2

    29.9
    29.8
    29.5
    28.7
    27.0
    25.0
    24.7
    25.0
    23.9
    23.3

    7.4
    7.2
    6.8
    6.5
    7.0
    6.9
    6.6
    6.0
    6.1
    6.2

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    28.3
    27.8
    26.9
    26.1
    25.2
    25.0
    24.5
    23.6
    22.8
    22.3

    24.3
    23.8
    23.0
    22.4
    21.5
    21.3
    20.9
    20.1
    19.3
    18.9

    2.1
    2.0
    2.0
    1.8
    1.7
    1.7
    1.6
    1.6
    1.6
    1.5

    2.0
    2.0
    2.0
    2.0
    2.0
    2.0
    2.0
    1.9
    1.9
    1.8

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966

    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    31.3
    31.1
    31.3
    31.4
    33.0

    25.5
    25.6
    26.4
    27.1
    29.1

    5.8
    5.5
    4.9
    4.2
    3.9

    6.8
    6.8
    6.8
    6.6
    6.5

    33.4
    34.6
    36.5
    36.3
    35.7

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    24.3
    23.5
    23.0
    21.0
    20.3

    2.1
    2.1
    2.0
    1.8
    1.6

    22.2
    21.5
    21.0
    19.2
    18.7

    5.7
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    21.6
    20.8
    20.1
    19.4
    19.0

    18.5
    17.8
    17.3
    16.8
    16.5

    1.3
    1.2
    1.1
    1.0
    1.0

    1.8
    1.8
    1.7
    1.6
    1.6

    Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.


    1Beginning

    in 1983, includes wine coolers.


    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 7: FOOD AND NUTRITION

    107

    Table 7-3. Nutrients in Foods Available for Civilian Consumption Per Capita per Day, 19702000
    (Computed by the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP); based on Economic Research Service (ERS) estimates of per capita
    quantities of food available for consumption from "Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures," on imputed consumption data for foods no
    longer reported by ERS, and on CNPP estimates of quantities of produce from home gardens; food supply estimates do not reflect loss of food or
    nutrients from further marketing or home processing; enrichment and fortification levels of iron, zinc, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin A, vitamin
    B6, vitamin B12, and ascorbic acid are included.)
    Nutrient

    19701979

    19801989

    19901999

    1995

    2000

    Food energy (calories) ................................................


    Carbohydrate (grams) .................................................
    Dietary fiber (grams) ...............................................
    Protein (grams) ...........................................................
    Total fat 1 (grams) .......................................................
    Saturated (grams) ...................................................
    Monounsaturated (grams) .......................................
    Polyunsaturated (grams) .........................................
    Cholesterol (micrograms) ............................................

    3 300
    396
    19
    95
    149
    51
    60
    28
    440

    3 400
    420
    21
    99
    156
    52
    63
    31
    420

    3 700
    489
    24
    108
    158
    50
    67
    33
    410

    3 700
    492
    24
    108
    156
    50
    66
    33
    400

    3 900
    505
    25
    112
    171
    54
    72
    37
    430

    Vitamin A (micrograms RE 2) ......................................


    Carotenes (micrograms RE 2) .....................................
    Vitamin E (milligrams alpha-TE 3) ...............................
    Vitamin C (micrograms) ..............................................
    Thiamin (micrograms) .................................................
    Riboflavin (micrograms) ..............................................
    Niacin (micrograms) ....................................................
    Vitamin B6 (micrograms) .............................................
    Total Folate (micrograms) ...........................................
    Folate (DFE) 4 (micrograms) .......................................
    Vitamin B12 (micrograms) ...........................................

    1 220
    550
    13.9
    110
    2
    2.5
    25
    2.0
    318
    292
    8.9

    1 160
    590
    15.6
    117
    3
    2.7
    28
    2.2
    348
    305
    8.2

    1 200
    720
    17.2
    126
    3
    2.9
    32
    2.4
    447
    449
    7.9

    1 200
    720
    16.9
    126
    3
    2.9
    31
    2.4
    380
    326
    8.0

    1 200
    720
    19.2
    126
    3
    2.9
    33
    2.5
    711
    936
    8.3

    Calcium (milligrams) ...................................................


    Phosphorus (milligrams) .............................................
    Magnesium (milligrams) ..............................................
    Iron (milligrams) ..........................................................
    Zinc (milligrams) ..........................................................
    Copper (milligrams) .....................................................
    Potassium (milligrams) ................................................
    Selenium (milligrams) .................................................
    Sodium 5 (milligrams) ..................................................

    920
    1 490
    330
    16.4
    12.9
    1.6
    3 440
    132
    1 360

    920
    1 540
    350
    19.7
    13.9
    1.7
    3 480
    142
    1 350

    970
    1 680
    390
    23.2
    15.1
    1.9
    3 720
    165
    1 360

    960
    1 670
    380
    23.0
    15.0
    1.9
    3 690
    161
    1 360

    970
    1 700
    390
    23.7
    15.2
    1.9
    3 770
    181
    1 340

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes other types of fat not shown separately.
    2Retinol equivalents.
    3Alpha-Tocopherol equivalents.
    4Reflects new terminology from Institute of Medicines Dietary Reference Intakes reports.
    5Does not include amount from processed foods; underestimates actual availability.

    SECTION

    LABOR

    110

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 8

    LABOR
    Highlights

    Unemployment Rate by Race and Hispanic Origin, 19802002

    Unemployment percentage rate

    25
    White
    Hispanic
    Black

    20

    15

    10

    0
    1980

    1982

    1984

    1986

    1988

    1990

    1992

    1994

    1996

    1998

    2000

    2002

    Year

    The techniques for measuring labor force (or work


    force) data were developed during the late 1930s by the
    Works Projects Administration (WPA). For every week
    containing the 12th day of the month, the Bureau of the
    Census collects data for the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
    This dataset is part of the former Current Population
    Survey and is based on a scientifically designed sample
    of households. The survey includes all employed and
    unemployed persons as well as self-employed persons,
    unpaid family workers and domestic servants, and others who do not ordinarily appear on the payrolls of any
    establishment. Labor force data are also collected in the
    decennial censuses.

    The concepts of employment, unemployment, and


    labor have changed over the years. By current definitions, employed persons are those who work as paid
    employees or in their own businesses or professions, or
    on their farm or who work 15 hours or more as unpaid
    workers in a family enterprise. It also includes those
    who are temporarily absent from work or business
    because of illness, vacation, bad weather, labor/management dispute or personal reasons. Volunteer workers
    are excluded. Unemployed persons are those who do
    not work during the survey week, but who make efforts
    to secure a job and are available for work. The civilian
    labor force (persons 14 years and over until 1966 and
    over 16 years thereafter) is the sum of the employed
    and the unemployed. Data on the size of the armed

    SECTION 8: LABOR

    forces is obtained from the Department of Defense and


    added to the civilian labor force to obtain the Total
    Labor Force. For years prior to 1940 (when detailed
    labor force data became available for the whole
    nation), the data are based on Stanley Legerbotts
    Manpower in Economic Growth: The American Record
    Since 1800. Legerbott obtained his data by interpolating
    between detailed worker rates in the census years and
    applying the resultant series to unpublished census estimates of population. The gainful worker concept differs
    from other concepts in that its primary purpose is a
    count of occupations and occupational status rather
    than employment. It excludes students as well as
    women doing housework, but includes retired people
    who report their former line of work.

    The most sensitive labor force data relate to unemployment. Because they are based on reports of unemployment insurance claims, they rates may be generally
    lower than actual unemployment. They exclude those
    long-term unemployed who have become discouraged
    and opted out of the employment market. In earlier
    years, unemployment estimates were calculated as a
    residual, that is, the total number of employed persons
    was deducted from the total civilian labor force. The
    unemployment rate presents the data on unemployed
    persons as a percentage of the civilian labor force. The
    lowest unemployment rate (that is, the closest the
    United States ever came to the concept of full employment) was achieved in 1944 during wartime (1.2 percent), the highest rates were in 1894 (18.3 percent) and
    in 1939 (17.2 percent).

    4 Economically Active Population is a concept developed by David L. Caplan and M. Claire Casey. It
    referred to both employed and unemployed workers in
    the civilian labor force 10 years old and over before
    1940, and 14 years and over since 1940. It is similar to
    the gainful workers concept, which is also based on
    occupation and marketable skills rather than on
    employment. The occupational classification system is
    generally comparable with the system used in the
    Dictionary of Occupational Titles.

    The most common range of wages for agricultural


    laborers in the United States in the nineteenth century
    was from $8 to $12 per month, the same range that prevails in many Third World countries today. Data on
    wages after the Civil War and before 1900 comes from a
    number of published reports, such as Joseph D. Weekss
    Report on the Statistics of Wages in the Manufacturing
    Industries (1886) and the Aldrich Reports on Wholesale
    Prices, on Wages and on Transportation (1893). Since
    1939, private industry employment and payrolls are
    based principally upon records of the Social Security
    Programs.

    111

    The average weekly hours worked and paid for differ from the average hours worked per week, both during times of substantial unemployment as well as times
    of relative full employment because of the overtime element. The widespread adoption of paid vacations of
    increasing length and the increasing number of paid
    holidays raised average weekly hours paid for, while
    keeping the average weekly hours worked low.

    The Bureau of Labor Statistics monitors and publishes biennial data on labor unions, their membership
    dues, collective agreements, and voting rights. Union
    membership figures are available since 1951 and include
    the AFL-CIO, the principal labor federation, and independent labor unions. The decline in union membership
    has consequences not merely in U.S. industry but also in
    U.S. politics.

    Data on work stoppages, including strikes and


    lockouts, were first published in 1881 and at five-year
    intervals thereafter with the exception of the period
    from 1906 to 1913. This seven-year lapse occurred while
    the charge of collecting labor statistics was moved from
    the Bureau of Labor (which collected these data from
    1881 to 1905) to the Department of Labor, which was
    officially founded in 1913. During the transition period
    there was no government agency for the collection of
    labor statistics. Until 1927, these data were quite fragmentary and based on press reports and other secondary sources.

    Compilation of work injury statistics began in 1910


    for the iron and steel industry and by 1925 covered 24
    industries. Since 1920, reports have been standardized
    with the injury-frequency rate defined as the average
    number of disabling injuries per million people-hours
    worked.

    10
    In 2002, the civilian labor force consisted of
    144,863,000 persons or 66.6 percent of the population.
    The highest participation rate (92.4 percent) is found
    among males 25 to 34 years old while the lowest (9.8
    percent) is found among women 65 years and older.
    White male participation rate (74.8 percent in 2002) has
    been historically higher than that of Black male participation rate (68.4 percent in 2002). The civilian labor
    force participation is expected to grow to 67.5 percent
    in 2010, but the increase will come not from men but
    from women.

    11
    Marital status makes a difference in the participation rates of men and women. The participation rate
    for single women (67.4 percent) is higher than that for
    married women (61.0 percent). The figures are reversed

    112

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    for men, with single men having a lower rate (71.7 percent) than that for married men (77.4 percent).

    12

    While the average work week was 39.2 hours in


    2002, over 9.9 million people work for more than 60
    hours every week and 14.5 million people work
    between 48 and 49 hours. Nearly 5.3 million people hold
    multiple jobs, and 31.1 million people hold part-time
    jobs.

    13
    One of the fastest growing sectors of the
    employment market is that of self-employed persons
    with home-based businesses. Their number in 1997 was
    4.125 million, almost equally distributed between men
    (2.1 million) and women (1.9 million). Minorities have
    not been prominent in these businesses, the overwhelming majority of which are White. Black home-based
    businesses number 135,000 and Hispanic businesses
    156,000.

    14
    The percentage of workers who have not completed high school declined from 36.1 percent in 1970 to
    10.3 in 2002, while the percentage of college graduates
    rose from 14.1 percent to 31.4 percent.

    15
    Unemployment increased in 2002 to 5.8 percent
    but this rate masks serious disparities between certain
    age groups. Among Blacks 16 to 19 years old, the unemployment rate is 29.8 percent, and among all males in
    that same age group it is 18.1 percent. Unemployment is
    also higher among certain sectors, such as agriculture
    (9.4 percent), and construction (7.3 percent). Certain
    states, such as Oregon (7.5 percent), West Virginia (7.3
    percent) and Washington (7.3 percent), have higher
    than the national average unemployment, while South
    Dakota (3.1 percent), Nebraska (3.6 percent), and
    Vermont (3.7 percent) all have lower than average
    unemployment.

    16
    More than 53.5 percent of workers used computers in their jobs in 2001. Computer use is most wide-

    18
    The average hourly earnings, including overtime, doubled in private industry since 1980. In 2002, it
    was highest in utilities ($23.94) and information services
    ($20.23) and lowest in leisure and hospitality ($8.57). In
    2001, overall annual compensation was highest in electric, gas, and sanitary services ($76,835), and communications ($73,826). It was lowest in retail trade ($26,232).
    Highest average annual pay is received in New York
    ($46,664), Connecticut ($45,486), and New Jersey
    ($44,285), and the lowest in Montana ($25,194) and
    North Dakota ($25,707).

    19
    In constant 1996 dollars, the minimum wage
    moved up only slightly from $4.37 in 1954 to $4.40 in
    2003, although in current dollars it increased from $0.75
    to $5.15.

    20
    The jobs with the fastest potential growth rate
    until 2001 are computer software engineers, computer
    support specialists, personal and home care aides, and
    social and human service assistants. The jobs with the
    fastest potential decline during the same period are coal
    miners, textile machine operators, machine tool cutting
    operators, private household cleaners and servants,
    machine forming operators, switchboard operators,
    farmers and farm workers, and garment sewing machine
    operators.

    21
    In 2001, there were 48,300 job-related deaths
    and 10.7 million work-related disabling injuries leading
    to the loss of 480 million days of production time.

    22

    Workplace stoppages, such as strikes and lockouts, once a permanent fixture of the industrial landscape, have become scarce. In 2002, there were only 19
    work stoppages involving 46,000 workers and the loss of
    660,000 thousand workdays compared with 424 work
    stoppages in 1974 involving 1,796,000 workers and the
    loss of 31.8 million workdays. American workers are
    more satisfied with their work conditions and pay than
    they have ever been in this century.

    spread in executive, administrative, and managerial


    work (80.4 percent), technical support (75.0 percent),
    and administrative and clerical support (73.6 percent).

    23
    Labor Union membership has declined overall
    from 17.7 million in 1983 to 15.9 million in 2002. Most

    17
    With 1992 as the base, the index of output per
    hour in the business sector was 129.6. and 154.6 in the

    of the decline is in the private sector where union membership is down from 11.9 million in 1983 to 8.6 million
    in 2002. This decline is partially offset by a slight
    increase in union membership in the public sector from
    5.7 million to 7.3 million in the same period.

    manufacturing sector in 2003.

    SECTION 8: LABOR

    113

    Table 8-1Series D 11-25. Labor Force Status of the Population, 18702002


    (Thousands of people, 16 years and over, except as noted. )
    Year

    Noninstitutional
    population 1

    Total labor force 2

    Total civilian labor


    force

    Employed
    agriculture

    Employed
    nonagriculture

    Unemployed

    Total not in labor


    force

    2002 ........................................
    2001 ........................................

    217 570
    215 092

    ...
    ...

    144 863
    143 734

    2 311
    2 299

    134 174
    134 635

    2 276
    3 637

    72 707
    71 359

    2000 ........................................
    1999 ........................................
    1998 ........................................
    1997 ........................................
    1996 ........................................
    1995 ........................................
    1994 ........................................
    1993 ........................................
    1992 ........................................
    1991 ........................................

    212 577
    207 753
    205 220
    203 133
    200 591
    198 584
    196 814
    194 838
    192 805
    190 925

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    142 583
    139 368
    137 673
    136 297
    133 943
    132 304
    131 056
    129 200
    128 105
    126 346

    2 464
    3 281
    3 378
    3 399
    3 443
    3 440
    3 409
    3 115
    3 247
    3 269

    134 427
    130 207
    128 085
    126 159
    123 264
    121 460
    119 651
    117 144
    115 245
    114 449

    3 288
    2 055
    1 883
    1 834
    3 532
    2 852
    2 750
    2 859
    4 602
    3 740

    69 994
    68 385
    67 547
    66 837
    66 647
    66 280
    65 758
    65 638
    64 700
    64 578

    1990 ........................................
    1989 ........................................
    1988 ........................................
    1987 ........................................
    1986 ........................................
    1985 ........................................
    1984 ........................................
    1983 ........................................
    1982 ........................................
    1981 ........................................

    189 164
    186 393
    184 613
    182 753
    180 587
    178 206
    176 383
    174 215
    172 271
    170 130

    ...
    ...
    123 893
    122 122
    120 079
    117 695
    115 763
    113 750
    112 384
    110 812

    125 840
    123 869
    121 669
    119 865
    117 834
    115 461
    113 544
    111 550
    110 204
    108 670

    3 223
    3 199
    3 169
    3 208
    3 163
    3 179
    3 321
    3 383
    3 401
    3 368

    115 570
    114 142
    111 800
    109 232
    106 434
    103 971
    101 685
    97 450
    96 125
    97 030

    3 852
    4 714
    3 911
    4 070
    3 786
    3 366
    2 875
    2 975
    2 817
    2 832

    63 324
    62 523
    62 944
    62 888
    62 752
    62 744
    62 839
    62 665
    62 067
    61 460

    1980 ........................................
    1979 ........................................
    1978 ........................................
    1977 ........................................
    1976 ........................................
    1975 ........................................
    1974 ........................................
    1973 ........................................
    1972 ........................................
    1971 ........................................

    167 745
    164 863
    161 910
    159 033
    156 150
    153 153
    150 120
    147 096
    144 126
    140 216

    109 042
    107 050
    104 368
    101 142
    98 302
    95 955
    94 179
    91 756
    89 484
    87 198

    106 940
    104 962
    102 251
    99 009
    96 158
    93 775
    91 949
    89 429
    87 034
    84 382

    3 364
    3 347
    3 387
    3 283
    3 331
    3 408
    3 515
    3 470
    3 484
    3 394

    95 938
    95 477
    92 661
    88 734
    85 421
    82 438
    83 279
    81 594
    78 669
    75 972

    4 093
    5 016
    4 882
    4 365
    5 156
    7 929
    7 406
    6 991
    6 202
    6 137

    60 806
    59 900
    59 659
    60 025
    59 991
    59 377
    58 171
    57 667
    57 091
    55 834

    1970 ........................................
    1969 ........................................
    1968 ........................................
    1967 ........................................
    1966 ........................................
    1965 ........................................
    1964 ........................................
    1963 ........................................
    1962 ........................................
    1961 ........................................

    137 085
    134 335
    132 028
    129 874
    128 058
    126 513
    124 485
    122 416
    120 153
    118 771

    85 959
    84 240
    82 272
    80 793
    78 893
    77 178
    75 830
    74 571
    73 442
    73 031

    82 771
    80 734
    78 737
    77 347
    75 770
    74 455
    73 091
    71 833
    70 614
    70 459

    3 463
    3 606
    3 817
    3 844
    3 979
    4 361
    4 523
    4 687
    4 944
    5 200

    75 215
    74 296
    72 103
    70 527
    68 915
    66 726
    64 782
    63 076
    61 759
    60 546

    7 637
    8 273
    10 678
    10 717
    8 539
    8 312
    8 237
    7 425
    6 701
    6 528

    54 315
    53 602
    53 291
    52 527
    52 288
    52 058
    51 394
    50 583
    49 539
    48 312

    1960 3 .....................................
    1959 ........................................
    1958 ........................................
    1957 ........................................
    1956 ........................................
    1955 ........................................
    1954 ........................................
    1953 ........................................
    1952 ........................................
    1951 ........................................

    117 245
    115 329
    113 727
    112 265
    110 954
    109 683
    108 321
    107 056
    105 231
    104 621

    72 142
    70 921
    70 275
    69 729
    69 409
    68 072
    66 993
    66 560
    65 730
    65 117

    69 628
    68 369
    67 639
    66 929
    66 552
    65 023
    63 643
    63 015
    62 138
    62 017

    5 458
    5 565
    5 586
    5 947
    6 283
    6 450
    6 205
    6 260
    6 500
    6 726

    60 318
    59 065
    57 450
    58 123
    57 514
    55 722
    53 904
    54 919
    53 749
    53 235

    7 047
    8 628
    9 613
    8 940
    7 996
    7 404
    7 236
    6 739
    6 210
    5 880

    47 617
    46 960
    46 088
    45 336
    44 402
    44 660
    44 678
    44 041
    43 093
    42 604

    1950 ........................................
    1949 ........................................
    1948 ........................................
    1947 ........................................

    104 995
    103 994
    103 068
    103 418

    63 858
    62 903
    62 080
    60 941

    62 208
    61 286
    60 621
    59 350

    7 160
    7 658
    7 629
    7 890

    51 758
    49 993
    50 714
    49 148

    5 692
    6 801
    8 378
    2 311

    42 787
    42 708
    42 447
    42 477

    Decennial Census
    1970 (April) .............................
    1960 (April) 3, 4 ........................
    1950 (April) 4 ...........................
    1940 (April) 4 ...........................
    1930 (April) 6 ...........................
    1920 (Jan) 6 ............................
    1910 (April) 6 ...........................
    1900 (June) 6 ..........................
    1890 (June) 6 ..........................
    1880 (June) 6 ..........................
    1870 ( June) 6 .........................

    139 130
    124 517
    110 267
    5100147
    98 723
    82 739
    71 580
    57 950
    47 414
    36 762
    28 229

    82 049
    69 877
    59 643
    53 011
    48 830
    41 614
    38 167
    29 073
    23 318
    17 392
    12 506

    80 051
    68 144
    58 646
    52 705
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    73 804
    60 383

    3 497
    3 505
    2 858
    7 635
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    118791930, total population includes institutional.


    219401970, includes armed forces.
    3Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
    4Data for persons 14 years and over.
    5Estimated from data based on different sample.
    6Data for persons 10 years old and over reporting a gainful occupation.

    . . . = Not available.

    2 750
    4 257

    56876

    548912

    8 449
    10 472
    10 666
    12 388
    10 382
    9 148
    7 714
    5 949

    36 621
    38 358
    30 948
    25 779
    18 691
    14 170
    9 678
    6 557

    57 082
    54 639

    550624

    47 136
    49 893
    41 125
    33 413
    28 877
    24 095
    19 370
    15 723

    114

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 8-2Series D 85-86. Unemployment,


    18902002
    (Percent.)
    Year

    Percent of civilian labor force

    2002 ...................................................................
    2001 ...................................................................

    5.8
    4.7

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................

    4.0
    4.2
    4.5
    4.9
    5.4
    5.6
    6.1
    6.9
    7.5
    6.8

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................

    5.6
    5.3
    5.5
    6.2
    7.0
    7.2
    7.5
    9.6
    9.7
    7.6

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................

    7.1
    5.8
    6.1
    7.1
    7.7
    8.5
    5.6
    4.9
    5.6
    5.9

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................

    4.9
    3.5
    3.6
    3.8
    3.8
    4.5
    5.2
    5.7
    5.5
    6.7

    1960 1 .................................................................
    1959 ...................................................................
    1958 ...................................................................
    1957 ...................................................................
    1956 ...................................................................
    1955 ...................................................................
    1954 ...................................................................
    1953 ...................................................................
    1952 ...................................................................
    1951 ...................................................................

    5.5
    5.5
    6.8
    4.3
    4.1
    4.4
    5.5
    2.9
    3.0
    3.3

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................

    5.3
    5.9
    3.8
    3.9
    3.9
    1.9
    1.2
    1.9
    4.7
    9.9

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................

    14.6
    17.2
    19.0
    14.3
    16.9
    20.1
    21.7
    24.9
    23.6
    15.9

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................

    8.7
    3.2
    4.2
    3.3
    1.8
    3.2
    5.0
    2.4
    6.7
    11.7

    1First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    SECTION 8: LABOR

    Table 8-2Series D 85-86. Unemployment,


    18902002Continued
    (Percent.)
    Year

    Percent of civilian labor force

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................

    5.2
    1.4
    1.4
    4.6
    5.1
    8.5
    7.9
    4.3
    4.6
    6.7

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................

    5.9
    5.1
    8.0
    2.8
    1.7
    4.3
    5.4
    3.9
    3.7
    4.0

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1985
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................
    ...................................................................

    5.0
    6.5
    12.4
    14.5
    14.4
    13.7
    18.4
    11.7
    3.0
    5.4

    1890 ...................................................................

    4.0

    115

    116

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 8-3Series D 87-101. Unemployment Rates, by Sex and Race in the Civilian Labor Force, 19472002
    (Percent.)
    Year

    Total

    Male

    Female

    Black 1

    White

    2002 ........................................
    2001 ........................................

    5.8
    4.7

    5.9
    4.8

    5.6
    4.7

    5.1
    4.2

    10.2
    8.6

    2000 ........................................
    1999 ........................................
    1998 ........................................
    1997 ........................................
    1996 ........................................
    1995 ........................................
    1994 ........................................
    1993 ........................................
    1992 ........................................
    1991 ........................................

    4.0
    4.2
    4.5
    4.9
    5.4
    5.6
    6.1
    6.9
    7.5
    6.8

    3.9
    4.1
    4.4
    4.9
    5.4
    5.6
    6.2
    7.2
    7.9
    7.2

    4.1
    4.3
    4.6
    5.0
    5.4
    5.6
    6.0
    6.6
    7.0
    6.4

    3.5
    3.7
    3.9
    4.2
    4.7
    4.9
    5.3
    6.1
    6.6
    6.1

    7.6
    8.0
    8.9
    10.0
    10.5
    10.4
    11.5
    13.0
    14.2
    12.5

    1990 ........................................
    1989 ........................................
    1988 ........................................
    1987 ........................................
    1986 ........................................
    1985 ........................................
    1984 ........................................
    1983 ........................................
    1982 ........................................
    1981 ........................................

    5.6
    5.3
    5.5
    6.2
    7.0
    7.2
    7.5
    9.6
    9.7
    7.6

    5.7
    5.2
    5.5
    6.2
    6.9
    7.0
    7.4
    9.9
    9.9
    7.4

    5.5
    5.4
    5.6
    6.2
    7.1
    7.4
    7.6
    9.2
    9.4
    7.9

    4.8
    4.5
    4.7
    5.3
    6.0
    6.2
    6.5
    8.4
    8.6
    6.7

    11.4
    11.4
    11.7
    13.0
    14.5
    15.1
    15.9
    19.5
    18.9
    15.6

    1980 ........................................
    1979 ........................................
    1978 ........................................
    1977 ........................................
    1976 ........................................
    1975 ........................................
    1974 ........................................
    1973 ........................................
    1972 ........................................
    1971 ........................................

    7.1
    5.8
    6.1
    7.1
    7.7
    8.5
    5.6
    4.9
    5.6
    5.9

    6.9
    5.1
    5.3
    6.3
    7.1
    7.9
    4.9
    4.2
    5.0
    5.3

    7.4
    6.8
    7.2
    8.2
    8.6
    9.3
    6.7
    6.0
    6.6
    6.9

    6.3
    5.1
    5.2
    6.2
    7.0
    7.8
    5.0
    4.3
    5.1
    5.4

    14.3
    12.3
    12.8
    14.0
    14.0
    14.8
    10.5
    9.4
    10.4
    9.9

    1970 ........................................
    1969 ........................................
    1968 ........................................
    1967 ........................................
    1966 ........................................
    1965 ........................................
    1964 ........................................
    1963 ........................................
    1962 ........................................
    1961 ........................................

    4.9
    3.5
    3.6
    3.8
    3.8
    4.5
    5.2
    5.7
    5.5
    6.7

    4.4
    2.8
    2.9
    3.1
    3.2
    4.0
    4.6
    5.2
    5.2
    6.4

    5.9
    4.7
    4.8
    5.2
    4.8
    5.5
    6.2
    6.5
    6.2
    7.2

    4.5
    3.1
    3.2
    3.4
    3.4
    4.1
    4.6
    5.0
    4.9
    6.0

    8.2
    6.4
    6.7
    7.4
    7.3
    8.1
    9.6
    10.8
    10.9
    12.4

    1960 ........................................
    1959 ........................................
    1958 ........................................
    1957 ........................................
    1956 ........................................
    1955 ........................................
    1954 ........................................
    1953 ........................................
    1952 ........................................
    1951 ........................................

    5.5
    5.5
    6.8
    4.3
    4.1
    4.4
    5.5
    2.9
    3.0
    3.3

    5.4
    5.2
    6.8
    4.1
    3.8
    4.2
    5.3
    2.8
    2.8
    2.8

    5.9
    5.9
    6.8
    4.7
    4.8
    4.9
    6.0
    3.3
    3.6
    4.4

    5.0
    4.8
    6.1
    3.8
    3.6
    3.9
    5.0
    2.7
    2.8
    3.1

    10.2
    10.7
    12.6
    7.9
    8.3
    8.7
    9.9
    4.5
    5.4
    5.3

    1950 ........................................
    1949 ........................................
    1948 ........................................
    1947 ........................................

    5.3
    5.9
    3.8
    3.9

    5.1
    5.9
    3.6
    4.0

    5.7
    6.0
    4.1
    3.7

    4.9
    5.6
    3.5
    ...

    9.0
    8.9
    5.9
    ...

    11971

    and earlier years refer to "Black and other" (including Asian, Native American, Alaskan Natives, and Pacific Islanders).
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 8: LABOR

    117

    Table 8-4Series 102-115. Unemployment Rates, by Industry (NAICS Basis), 20002002


    (Percent.)
    Year

    2000

    2001

    2002

    Total .......................................................................................................................

    4.0

    4.7

    5.8

    Nonagricutural Private Wage and Salary Workers ...........................................


    Mining .....................................................................................................................
    Construction ...........................................................................................................
    Manufacturing ........................................................................................................
    Durable goods ....................................................................................................
    Nondurable goods ..............................................................................................
    Wholesale and retail trade .....................................................................................
    Transportation and utilities .....................................................................................
    Information .............................................................................................................
    Financial activities ..................................................................................................
    Business and professional services .......................................................................
    Education and health services ...............................................................................
    Leisure and hospitality ...........................................................................................
    Other services ........................................................................................................

    4.1
    4.4
    6.2
    3.5
    3.2
    4.0
    4.3
    3.4
    3.2
    2.4
    4.8
    2.5
    6.6
    3.9

    5.0
    4.2
    7.1
    5.2
    5.2
    5.2
    4.9
    4.3
    4.9
    2.9
    6.1
    2.8
    7.5
    4.0

    6.2
    6.3
    9.2
    6.7
    6.9
    6.2
    6.1
    4.9
    6.9
    3.5
    7.9
    3.4
    8.4
    5.1

    Agriculture and Related Private Wage and Salary Workers ............................

    9.0

    11.2

    10.1

    Government Workers ...........................................................................................

    2.1

    2.2

    2.5

    Self-Employed and Unpaid Family Members ....................................................

    2.1

    2.1

    2.6

    118

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 8-5Series D 102-115. Unemployment Rates, by Industry (SIC Basis), 19481999


    (Percent.)
    Experienced wage and salary workers
    Year

    Total
    unemployed1

    Wage and salary workers in private nonagricultural industries


    Agriculture
    Mining

    Construction

    Manufacturing

    Transportation
    and public
    utilities

    Wholesale
    trade

    Finance,
    insurance, and
    real estate

    Service
    industries

    Government

    1999 ........................................
    1998 ........................................
    1997 ........................................
    1996 ........................................
    1995 ........................................
    1994 ........................................
    1993 ........................................
    1992 ........................................
    1991 ........................................

    4.0
    4.5
    4.9
    5.4
    5.6
    6.1
    6.8
    7.5
    6.8

    8.9
    8.3
    9.1
    10.2
    11.1
    11.3
    11.7
    12.5
    11.8

    5.7
    3.2
    3.8
    5.1
    5.2
    5.4
    7.4
    8.0
    7.8

    7.0
    7.5
    9.0
    10.1
    11.5
    11.8
    14.4
    16.8
    15.5

    3.6
    3.9
    4.2
    4.8
    4.9
    5.6
    7.2
    7.8
    7.3

    3.0
    3.4
    3.5
    4.1
    4.5
    4.8
    5.1
    5.5
    5.3

    5.2
    5.5
    6.2
    6.4
    6.5
    7.4
    7.8
    8.4
    7.6

    2.3
    2.5
    3.0
    2.7
    3.3
    3.6
    4.1
    4.6
    4.0

    4.0
    4.5
    4.6
    5.4
    5.4
    5.9
    6.1
    6.5
    5.7

    2.2
    2.3
    2.6
    2.9
    2.9
    3.4
    3.3
    3.6
    3.3

    1990 ........................................
    1989 ........................................
    1988 ........................................
    1987 ........................................
    1986 ........................................
    1985 ........................................
    1984 ........................................
    1983 ........................................
    1982 ........................................
    1981 ........................................

    5.6
    5.3
    5.5
    6.2
    7.0
    7.2
    7.5
    9.6
    9.7
    7.6

    9.8
    9.6
    10.6
    10.5
    12.5
    13.2
    13.5
    16.0
    14.7
    12.1

    4.8
    5.8
    7.9
    10.0
    13.5
    9.5
    10.0
    17.0
    13.4
    6.0

    11.1
    10.0
    10.6
    11.6
    13.1
    13.1
    14.3
    18.4
    20.0
    15.6

    5.8
    5.1
    5.3
    6.0
    7.1
    7.7
    7.5
    11.2
    12.3
    8.3

    3.9
    3.9
    3.9
    4.5
    5.1
    5.1
    5.5
    7.4
    6.8
    5.2

    6.4
    6.0
    6.2
    6.9
    7.6
    7.6
    8.0
    10.0
    10.0
    8.1

    3.0
    3.1
    3.0
    3.1
    3.5
    3.5
    3.7
    4.5
    4.7
    3.5

    5.0
    4.8
    4.9
    5.4
    6.1
    6.2
    6.6
    7.9
    7.6
    6.6

    3.7
    2.7
    2.8
    3.5
    3.6
    3.9
    4.5
    5.3
    4.9
    4.7

    1980 ........................................
    1979 ........................................
    1978 ........................................
    1977 ........................................
    1976 ........................................
    1975 ........................................
    1974 ........................................
    1973 ........................................
    1972 ........................................
    1971 ........................................

    7.1
    5.8
    6.0
    7.0
    7.7
    8.5
    5.6
    4.9
    5.6
    5.9

    11.0
    9.3
    8.9
    11.2
    11.8
    10.4
    7.5
    7.0
    7.7
    7.9

    6.4
    4.9
    4.2
    3.8
    4.6
    4.1
    3.0
    2.9
    3.2
    4.0

    14.1
    10.3
    10.6
    12.7
    15.5
    18.0
    10.7
    8.9
    10.3
    10.4

    8.5
    5.6
    5.5
    6.7
    7.9
    10.9
    5.8
    4.4
    5.6
    6.8

    4.9
    3.7
    3.7
    4.7
    5.0
    5.6
    3.3
    3.0
    3.5
    3.8

    7.4
    6.5
    6.9
    8.0
    8.6
    8.7
    6.5
    5.7
    6.4
    6.4

    3.4
    3.0
    3.1
    3.8
    4.3
    4.9
    3.1
    2.7
    3.4
    3.3

    5.9
    5.5
    5.7
    6.6
    7.2
    7.1
    5.2
    4.8
    5.3
    5.6

    4.1
    3.7
    3.9
    4.2
    4.4
    4.1
    3.0
    2.7
    3.0
    2.9

    1970 ........................................
    1969 ........................................
    1968 ........................................
    1967 ........................................
    1966 ........................................
    1965 ........................................
    1964 ........................................
    1963 ........................................
    1962 ........................................
    1961 ........................................

    4.9
    3.5
    3.6
    3.8
    3.8
    4.5
    5.2
    5.7
    5.5
    6.7

    7.5
    6.1
    6.3
    6.9
    6.6
    7.6
    9.7
    9.2
    7.5
    9.6

    3.1
    2.9
    3.1
    3.4
    3.7
    5.4
    6.7
    7.2
    7.8
    11.1

    9.7
    6.0
    6.9
    7.4
    8.0
    10.1
    11.2
    13.3
    13.5
    15.7

    5.6
    3.3
    3.3
    3.7
    3.2
    4.0
    5.0
    5.7
    5.8
    7.8

    3.2
    2.2
    2.0
    2.4
    2.1
    2.9
    3.5
    4.2
    4.1
    5.3

    5.3
    4.1
    4.0
    4.2
    4.4
    5.0
    5.7
    6.2
    6.3
    7.3

    2.8
    2.1
    2.2
    2.5
    2.1
    2.3
    2.6
    2.7
    3.0
    3.3

    4.7
    3.5
    3.7
    3.9
    3.9
    4.6
    5.3
    5.7
    5.5
    6.2

    2.2
    1.9
    1.8
    1.8
    1.8
    1.9
    2.1
    2.2
    2.1
    2.5

    1960 ........................................
    1959 ........................................
    1958 ........................................
    1957 ........................................
    1956 ........................................
    1955 ........................................
    1954 ........................................
    1953 ........................................
    1952 ........................................
    1951 ........................................

    5.5
    5.5
    6.8
    4.3
    4.1
    4.4
    5.5
    2.9
    3.0
    3.3

    8.3
    9.1
    10.3
    6.9
    7.4
    7.2
    9.0
    5.6
    4.8
    4.4

    9.7
    9.7
    11.0
    5.9
    6.8
    9.1
    14.4
    4.6
    3.8
    4.0

    13.5
    13.4
    15.3
    10.9
    10.0
    10.9
    12.9
    7.2
    6.7
    7.2

    6.2
    6.1
    9.3
    5.1
    4.7
    4.7
    7.1
    3.1
    3.5
    3.9

    4.6
    4.4
    6.1
    3.3
    3.0
    4.0
    5.6
    2.2
    2.3
    2.3

    5.9
    5.8
    6.8
    4.5
    4.5
    4.7
    5.7
    3.4
    3.5
    3.9

    2.4
    2.5
    2.9
    1.8
    1.8
    2.4
    2.3
    1.8
    1.8
    1.5

    5.1
    5.3
    5.7
    4.2
    4.6
    5.2
    5.5
    3.4
    3.6
    4.2

    2.4
    2.2
    2.5
    1.9
    1.7
    2.0
    2.2
    1.5
    1.6
    1.8

    1950 ........................................
    1949 ........................................
    1948 ........................................

    5.3
    5.9
    3.8

    9.0
    7.1
    5.5

    6.7
    8.9
    3.1

    12.2
    14.0
    8.7

    6.2
    8.0
    4.2

    4.6
    5.9
    3.5

    6.0
    6.2
    4.7

    2.2
    2.1
    1.8

    6.4
    6.8
    4.8

    3.0
    3.1
    2.2

    1Also

    includes the self employed, unpaid family workers, and those with no previous work experience, not shown separately.

    SECTION 8: LABOR

    119

    Table 8-6Series D 167-181. Labor Force and Employment, by Super Sector, 18002002
    (Thousands of people.)
    Trade,
    transportation, and
    utilities

    Wholesale
    trade

    15 259
    16 441

    25 497
    25 983

    5 652
    5 773

    6 787
    6 545
    6 149
    5 813
    5 536
    5 274
    5 095
    4 779
    4 608
    4 780

    17 263
    17 322
    17 560
    17 419
    17 237
    17 241
    17 021
    16 774
    16 799
    17 068

    26 225
    25 771
    25 186
    24 700
    24 239
    23 834
    23 128
    22 378
    22 125
    22 281

    5 933
    5 893
    5 795
    5 664
    5 522
    5 433
    5 247
    5 093
    5 110
    5 185

    765
    750
    770
    771
    829
    974
    1 014
    997
    1 163
    1 180

    5 263
    5 309
    5 233
    5 090
    4 937
    4 793
    4 501
    4 065
    4 024
    4 304

    17 695
    17 985
    17 906
    17 609
    17 552
    17 819
    17 920
    17 048
    17 363
    18 634

    22 666
    22 510
    21 974
    21 302
    20 795
    20 379
    19 653
    18 668
    18 457
    18 604

    5 268
    5 284
    5 153
    5 003
    4 935
    4 915
    4 788
    4 559
    4 575
    4 634

    49 891
    48 868
    46 858
    44 362
    42 476
    40 932
    40 721
    39 600
    38 034
    36 721

    1 077
    1 008
    902
    865
    832
    802
    755
    693
    672
    658

    4 454
    4 562
    4 322
    3 940
    3 662
    3 608
    4 095
    4 167
    3 957
    3 770

    18 733
    19 426
    18 932
    18 167
    17 531
    16 909
    18 514
    18 589
    17 669
    17 174

    18 413
    18 303
    17 658
    16 765
    16 128
    15 606
    15 693
    15 349
    14 788
    14 318

    4 557
    4 485
    4 280
    4 055
    3 920
    3 810
    3 823
    3 688
    3 547
    3 424

    48 827
    35 114
    27 945
    20 029
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    36 139
    26 650
    21 824
    15 778
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    677
    771
    924
    927
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3 654
    2 973
    2 405
    1 352
    1 988
    1 233
    1 949
    1 665
    1 510

    17 848
    15 438
    14 013
    10 099
    9 884
    11 190
    8 332
    5 895
    4 390

    14 144
    11 147
    9 694
    7 043
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3 418
    2 690
    2 255
    1 571
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    900
    780
    520
    410
    290
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3 290
    2 470
    1 530
    1 200
    500
    ...
    ...
    75
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Natural
    resource
    and mining

    Construction

    86 271
    86 834

    583
    606

    6 716
    6 826

    107 136
    104 528
    101 576
    98 890
    96 299
    94 142
    91 517
    88 625
    86 631
    85 787

    86 346
    84 221
    81 667
    79 227
    76 759
    74 710
    72 242
    69 636
    67 845
    67 241

    599
    598
    645
    654
    637
    641
    659
    666
    689
    739

    23 723
    24 045
    23 909
    23 470
    23 318
    23 585
    23 435
    22 110
    22 550
    24 118

    85 764
    83 969
    81 436
    78 618
    76 156
    73 926
    71 095
    68 171
    67 127
    67 172

    67 349
    66 042
    63 897
    61 462
    59 318
    57 393
    54 936
    52 160
    51 145
    50 991

    74 154
    73 864
    71 014
    67 334
    64 501
    62 250
    64 086
    63 050
    60 333
    58 323

    24 263
    24 997
    24 156
    22 972
    22 025
    21 318
    23 364
    23 450
    22 299
    21 602

    66 265
    64 935
    62 670
    59 620
    57 477
    55 751
    55 025
    53 462
    51 499
    49 734

    71 006
    54 296
    45 287
    32 407
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    58 318
    45 832
    39 167
    28 156
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    22 179
    19 182
    17 343
    12 378
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Civilian
    labor force

    Agriculture

    2002 ........................................
    2001 ........................................

    144 863
    143 734

    3 340
    3 231

    130 341
    131 826

    108 828
    110 707

    22 557
    23 873

    107 784
    107 952

    2000 ........................................
    1999 ........................................
    1998 ........................................
    1997 ........................................
    1996 ........................................
    1995 ........................................
    1994 ........................................
    1993 ........................................
    1992 ........................................
    1991 ........................................

    142 583
    139 368
    137 673
    136 297
    133 943
    132 304
    131 056
    129 200
    128 105
    126 346

    3 382
    3 281
    3 378
    3 399
    3 443
    3 440
    3 409
    3 115
    3 247
    3 269

    131 785
    128 993
    125 930
    122 776
    119 708
    117 298
    114 291
    110 844
    108 726
    108 374

    110 996
    108 686
    106 021
    103 113
    100 169
    97 866
    95 016
    91 855
    89 940
    89 829

    24 649
    24 465
    24 354
    23 886
    23 410
    23 156
    22 774
    22 219
    22 095
    22 588

    1990 ........................................
    1989 ........................................
    1988 ........................................
    1987 ........................................
    1986 ........................................
    1985 ........................................
    1984 ........................................
    1983 ........................................
    1982 ........................................
    1981 ........................................

    125 840
    123 869
    121 669
    119 865
    117 834
    115 461
    113 544
    111 550
    110 204
    108 670

    3 223
    3 199
    3 169
    3 208
    3 163
    3 179
    3 321
    3 383
    3 401
    3 368

    109 487
    108 014
    105 345
    102 088
    99 474
    97 511
    94 530
    90 280
    89 677
    91 289

    91 072
    90 087
    87 806
    84 932
    82 636
    80 978
    78 371
    74 269
    73 695
    75 109

    1980 ........................................
    1979 ........................................
    1978 ........................................
    1977 ........................................
    1976 ........................................
    1975 ........................................
    1974 ........................................
    1973 ........................................
    1972 ........................................
    1971 ........................................

    106 940
    104 962
    102 251
    99 009
    96 158
    93 775
    91 949
    89 429
    87 034
    84 382

    3 364
    3 347
    3 387
    3 283
    3 331
    3 408
    3 515
    3 470
    3 484
    3 394

    90 528
    89 932
    86 826
    82 593
    79 502
    77 069
    78 389
    76 912
    73 798
    71 335

    1970 ........................................
    1960 ........................................
    1950 ........................................
    1940 ........................................
    1930 ........................................
    1920 ........................................
    1910 ........................................
    1900 ........................................
    1890 ........................................

    82 771
    ...
    ...
    56 520
    48 830
    41 610
    37 480
    29 070
    23 320

    3 463
    5 458
    7 160
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1880 ........................................
    1870 ........................................
    1860 ........................................
    1850 ........................................
    1840 ........................................
    1830 ........................................
    1820 ........................................
    1810 ........................................
    1800 ........................................

    17 390
    12 930
    11 110
    8 250
    5 660
    4 200
    3 135
    2 330
    1 900

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Year

    . . . = Not available.

    Total
    nonfarm

    Total
    private

    Goodsproducing

    Serviceproviding

    Private
    serviceproviding

    Manufacturing

    120

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 8-6Series D 167-181. Labor Force and Employment, by Super Sector, 18002002Continued
    (Thousands of people.)

    Year

    Retail trade

    Transportation
    and
    warehousing

    Utilities

    Information

    Financial
    activities

    Professional
    and business
    services

    Education and
    health
    services

    Leisure and
    hospitality

    Other services

    Government

    2002 ........................................
    2001 ........................................

    15 025
    15 239

    4 224
    4 372

    596
    599

    3 395
    3 629

    7 847
    7 807

    15 976
    16 476

    16 199
    15 645

    11 986
    12 036

    5 372
    5 258

    21 513
    21 118

    2000 ........................................
    1999 ........................................
    1998 ........................................
    1997 ........................................
    1996 ........................................
    1995 ........................................
    1994 ........................................
    1993 ........................................
    1992 ........................................
    1991 ........................................

    15 280
    14 970
    14 609
    14 389
    14 143
    13 897
    13 491
    13 021
    12 828
    12 896

    4 410
    4 300
    4 168
    4 027
    3 935
    3 838
    3 701
    3 554
    3 462
    3 463

    601
    609
    613
    621
    640
    666
    689
    711
    726
    736

    3 631
    3 419
    3 218
    3 084
    2 940
    2 843
    2 738
    2 668
    2 641
    2 677

    7 687
    7 648
    7 462
    7 178
    6 969
    6 827
    6 867
    6 709
    6 540
    6 558

    16 666
    15 957
    15 147
    14 335
    13 462
    12 844
    12 174
    11 495
    10 970
    10 714

    15 109
    14 798
    14 446
    14 087
    13 683
    13 289
    12 807
    12 303
    11 891
    11 506

    11 862
    11 543
    11 232
    11 018
    10 777
    10 501
    10 100
    9 732
    9 437
    9 256

    5 168
    5 087
    4 976
    4 825
    4 690
    4 572
    4 428
    4 350
    4 240
    4 249

    20 790
    20 307
    19 909
    19 664
    19 539
    19 432
    19 275
    18 989
    18 787
    18 545

    1990 ........................................
    1989 ........................................
    1988 ........................................
    1987 ........................................
    1986 ........................................
    1985 ........................................
    1984 ........................................
    1983 ........................................
    1982 ........................................
    1981 ........................................

    13 182
    13 108
    12 808
    12 419
    12 078
    11 733
    11 223
    10 635
    10 372
    10 364

    3 476
    3 386
    3 290
    3 156
    3 059
    3 012
    2 934
    2 775
    2 817
    2 932

    740
    732
    723
    725
    723
    720
    708
    699
    694
    674

    2 688
    2 622
    2 585
    2 507
    2 445
    2 437
    2 398
    2 253
    2 317
    2 382

    6 614
    6 562
    6 500
    6 385
    6 128
    5 815
    5 553
    5 334
    5 209
    5 163

    10 848
    10 555
    10 090
    9 608
    9 211
    8 871
    8 464
    8 039
    7 848
    7 782

    10 984
    10 616
    10 063
    9 515
    9 061
    8 657
    8 193
    7 766
    7 515
    7 357

    9 288
    9 062
    8 778
    8 446
    8 156
    7 869
    7 489
    7 078
    6 874
    6 840

    4 261
    4 116
    3 907
    3 699
    3 523
    3 366
    3 186
    3 021
    2 924
    2 865

    18 415
    17 927
    17 540
    17 156
    16 838
    16 533
    16 159
    16 011
    15 982
    16 180

    1980 ........................................
    1979 ........................................
    1978 ........................................
    1977 ........................................
    1976 ........................................
    1975 ........................................
    1974 ........................................
    1973 ........................................
    1972 ........................................
    1971 ........................................

    10 244
    10 180
    9 879
    9 359
    8 966
    8 600
    8 536
    8 371
    8 038
    7 657

    2 961
    3 005
    2 890
    2 765
    2 667
    2 620
    2 752
    2 718
    2 646
    ...

    651
    632
    609
    585
    576
    574
    582
    571
    557
    541

    2 361
    2 375
    2 287
    2 185
    2 111
    2 061
    2 160
    2 135
    2 056
    2 009

    5 025
    4 843
    4 599
    4 348
    4 155
    4 047
    4 023
    3 920
    3 784
    3 651

    7 544
    7 312
    6 972
    6 587
    6 287
    6 034
    5 974
    5 774
    5 523
    5 328

    7 072
    6 767
    6 427
    6 052
    5 756
    5 497
    5 322
    5 092
    4 863
    4 675

    6 721
    6 631
    6 411
    6 065
    5 794
    5 544
    5 471
    5 341
    5 121
    4 914

    2 755
    2 637
    2 505
    2 359
    2 244
    2 144
    2 078
    1 990
    1 900
    1 827

    16 375
    16 068
    15 812
    15 258
    15 001
    14 820
    14 303
    13 862
    13 465
    13 012

    1970 ........................................
    1960 ........................................
    1950 ........................................
    1940 ........................................
    1930 ........................................
    1920 ........................................
    1910 ........................................
    1900 ........................................
    1890 ........................................

    7 463
    5 589
    4 580
    3 324
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    536
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 041
    1 728
    1 625
    1 196
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3 532
    2 532
    1 825
    1 424
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    5 267
    3 694
    2 928
    2 073
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4 577
    2 937
    2 144
    1 470
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4 789
    3 460
    2 769
    1 995
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 789
    1 152
    839
    578
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    12 687
    8 464
    6 120
    4 251
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1880 ........................................
    1870 ........................................
    1860 ........................................
    1850 ........................................
    1840 ........................................
    1830 ........................................
    1820 ........................................
    1810 ........................................
    1800 ........................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 8: LABOR

    Table 8-7Series D 722-727. Average Annual Earnings of


    Employees, 19292001
    (Dollars.)
    Year

    Earnings of full-time employees

    2001 .........................................................................................

    39 667

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................

    38 652
    36 555
    35 034
    33 429
    32 040
    30 902
    29 922
    29 351
    28 667
    27 192

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................

    25 889
    24 766
    24 032
    22 913
    21 935
    21 079
    20 168
    19 330
    18 488
    17 218

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................

    15 757
    14 376
    13 287
    12 379
    11 620
    10 836
    9 994
    9 298
    8 610
    ...

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................

    7 564
    7 095
    6 657
    6 230
    5 967
    5 710
    5 503
    5 243
    5 065
    4 884

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................

    4 743
    4 594
    4 375
    4 230
    4 055
    3 851
    3 667
    3 581
    3 402
    3 217

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................

    2 992
    2 844
    2 786
    ...
    2 359
    2 190
    2 109
    1 951
    1 709
    1 443

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................
    .........................................................................................

    1 299
    1 264
    1 230
    1 258
    1 184
    1 137
    1 091
    1 048
    1 120
    1 275

    1930 .........................................................................................
    1929 .........................................................................................

    1 368
    1 405

    . . . = Not available.

    121

    122

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 8-8Series D 802-810. Earnings and Hours of Production Workers in Manufacturing, 19392002
    (Dollars, number.)
    Industry

    Average hourly earnings

    Average weekly hours

    Average weekly earnings

    2002 ........................................
    2001 ........................................

    15.29
    14.76

    40.5
    40.3

    618.75
    595.19

    2000 ........................................
    1999 ........................................
    1998 ........................................
    1997 ........................................
    1996 ........................................
    1995 ........................................
    1994 ........................................
    1993 ........................................
    1992 ........................................
    1991 ........................................

    14.32
    13.85
    13.45
    13.14
    12.75
    12.34
    12.04
    11.70
    11.40
    11.13

    41.3
    41.4
    41.4
    41.7
    41.3
    41.3
    41.7
    41.1
    40.7
    40.4

    590.65
    573.17
    557.12
    548.22
    526.55
    509.26
    502.12
    480.80
    464.43
    449.73

    1990 ........................................
    1989 ........................................
    1988 ........................................
    1987 ........................................
    1986 ........................................
    1985 ........................................
    1984 ........................................
    1983 ........................................
    1982 ........................................
    1981 ........................................

    10.78
    10.35
    10.05
    9.77
    9.59
    9.40
    9.05
    8.70
    8.36
    7.86

    40.5
    40.9
    41.0
    40.9
    40.7
    40.5
    40.7
    40.1
    38.9
    39.8

    436.16
    423.32
    412.05
    399.59
    390.31
    380.70
    368.34
    348.87
    325.20
    312.83

    1980 ........................................
    1979 ........................................
    1978 ........................................
    1977 ........................................
    1976 ........................................
    1975 ........................................
    1974 ........................................
    1973 ........................................
    1972 ........................................
    1971 ........................................

    7.15
    6.57
    6.05
    5.55
    5.09
    4.71
    4.31
    3.97
    3.70
    3.45

    39.7
    40.2
    40.4
    40.3
    40.1
    39.5
    40.0
    40.7
    40.6
    39.9

    283.86
    264.11
    244.42
    223.67
    204.11
    186.05
    172.40
    161.58
    150.22
    137.66

    1970 ........................................
    1969 ........................................
    1968 ........................................
    1967 ........................................
    1966 ........................................
    1965 ........................................
    1964 ........................................
    1963 ........................................
    1962 ........................................
    1961 ........................................

    3.23
    3.07
    2.89
    2.71
    2.60
    2.49
    2.41
    2.34
    2.27
    2.20

    39.8
    40.6
    40.7
    40.6
    41.4
    41.2
    40.8
    40.6
    40.5
    39.9

    128.55
    124.64
    117.62
    110.03
    107.64
    102.59
    98.33
    95.00
    91.94
    87.78

    1960 ........................................
    1959 1 .....................................
    1958 ........................................
    1957 ........................................
    1956 ........................................
    1955 ........................................
    1954 ........................................
    1953 ........................................
    1952 ........................................
    1951 ........................................

    2.15
    2.08
    1.99
    1.93
    1.84
    1.74
    1.66
    1.63
    1.53
    1.45

    39.8
    40.3
    39.2
    39.9
    40.5
    40.8
    39.7
    40.6
    40.8
    40.7

    85.57
    83.82
    78.01
    77.01
    74.52
    70.99
    65.90
    66.18
    62.42
    59.02

    1950 ........................................
    1949 ........................................
    1948 ........................................
    1947 ........................................
    1946 ........................................
    1945 ........................................
    1944 ........................................
    1943 ........................................
    1942 ........................................
    1941 ........................................

    1.32
    1.25
    1.20
    1.10
    0.95
    0.90
    0.91
    0.86
    0.74
    0.61

    40.6
    39.2
    40.1
    40.5
    40.4
    43.6
    45.4
    45.1
    43.2
    40.7

    53.59
    49.00
    48.12
    44.55
    38.38
    39.24
    41.31
    38.79
    31.97
    24.83

    1940 ........................................
    1939 ........................................

    0.53
    0.49

    38.2
    37.7

    20.25
    18.47

    1First

    year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    SECTION 8: LABOR

    Table 8-9Series D 946-951. Labor Union Membership as a Percent


    of Total Employment, 19302002
    (Number, percent.)
    Year

    Total union membership

    Percent of employed

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    16 145
    16 387

    13.6
    13.4

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    16 258
    16 477
    16 211
    16 110
    16 269
    16 360
    16 748
    16 598
    16 390
    16 568

    13.5
    13.9
    13.9
    15.6
    14.5
    14.9
    15.5
    14.9
    14.5
    16.1

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    ...
    16 960
    17 002
    16 913
    16 975
    16 996
    17 340
    17 717

    ...
    16.4
    16.8
    17.0
    18.0
    18.8
    17.9
    20.1

    1980
    1978
    1976
    1974
    1972

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    22 811
    23 306
    21 171
    23 408
    20 893

    25.2
    19.7
    20.3
    21.7
    21.8

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    20 752
    20 382
    20 258
    19 712
    19 181
    18 519
    17 976
    17 586
    17 630
    17 328

    27.4
    27.1
    27.9
    27.9
    28.1
    28.4
    28.9
    29.2
    29.8
    30.2

    1960 1 ....................................................
    1959 ......................................................
    1958 ......................................................
    1957 ......................................................
    1956 ......................................................
    1955 ......................................................
    1954 ......................................................
    1953 ......................................................
    1952 ......................................................
    1951 ......................................................

    18 117
    18 169
    18 081
    18 431
    18 477
    17 749
    17 955
    17 860
    16 750
    16 750

    31.4
    32.1
    33.2
    32.8
    33.4
    33.2
    34.7
    33.7
    32.5
    33.3

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    15 000
    15 000
    15 000
    15 414
    14 974
    14 796
    14 621
    13 642
    10 762
    10 489

    31.5
    32.6
    31.9
    33.7
    34.5
    35.5
    33.8
    31.1
    25.9
    27.9

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    8 944
    8 980
    8 265
    7 218
    4 164
    3 728
    3 249
    2 857
    3 226
    3 526

    26.9
    28.6
    27.5
    22.6
    13.7
    13.2
    11.9
    11.3
    12.9
    12.4

    1930 ......................................................

    3 632

    11.6

    1First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.


    . . . = Not available.

    123

    124

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 8-10Series D 970-985. Work Stoppages, Workers Involved, and Days Idle, 19272002
    (Number, percent.)
    Stoppage beginning in the year
    Year

    Days idle

    Number of workers
    involved (thousands)

    Number

    Percent of estimated
    total working time

    Number

    Work Stoppages Involving 1,000 Workers or More


    2002 ................................................................................................................................
    2001 ................................................................................................................................

    19
    29

    46
    99

    660
    1 151

    (1)
    (1)

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................

    39
    17
    34
    29
    37
    31
    45
    35
    35
    40

    394
    73
    387
    339
    273
    192
    322
    182
    364
    392

    20 419
    1 996
    5 116
    4 497
    4 889
    5 771
    5 020
    3 981
    3 989
    4 584

    0.06
    0.01
    0.02
    0.01
    0.02
    0.02
    0.02
    0.01
    0.01
    0.02

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................

    44
    51
    40
    46
    69
    54
    62
    81
    96
    145

    185
    452
    118
    174
    533
    324
    376
    909
    656
    729

    5 926
    16 996
    4 381
    4 481
    11 861
    7 079
    8 499
    17 461
    9 061
    16 908

    0.02
    0.07
    0.02
    0.02
    0.05
    0.03
    0.04
    0.08
    0.04
    0.07

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................

    187
    235
    219
    298
    231
    235
    424
    317
    250
    298

    795
    1 021
    1 006
    1 212
    1 519
    965
    1 796
    1 400
    975
    2 516

    20 844
    20 409
    23 774
    21 258
    23 962
    17 563
    31 809
    16 260
    16 764
    35 538

    0.09
    0.09
    0.11
    0.10
    0.12
    0.09
    0.16
    0.08
    0.09
    0.19

    All Work Stoppages


    1970 ................................................................................................................................
    1969 ................................................................................................................................
    1968 ................................................................................................................................
    1967 ................................................................................................................................
    1966 ................................................................................................................................
    1965 ................................................................................................................................
    1964 ................................................................................................................................
    1963 ................................................................................................................................
    1962 ................................................................................................................................
    1961 ................................................................................................................................

    5 716
    5 700
    5 045
    4 595
    4 405
    3 963
    3 655
    3 362
    3 614
    3 367

    3 305
    2 481
    2 649
    2 870
    1 960
    1 550
    1 640
    941
    1 230
    1 450

    66 414
    42 869
    49 018
    42 100
    25 400
    23 300
    22 900
    16 100
    18 600
    16 300

    0.37
    0.24
    0.28
    0.25
    0.15
    0.15
    0.15
    0.11
    0.13
    0.11

    1960 ................................................................................................................................
    1959 2 .............................................................................................................................
    1958 ................................................................................................................................
    1957 ................................................................................................................................
    1956 ................................................................................................................................
    1955 ................................................................................................................................
    1954 ................................................................................................................................
    1953 ................................................................................................................................
    1952 ................................................................................................................................
    1951 ................................................................................................................................

    3 333
    3 708
    3 694
    3 673
    3 825
    4 320
    3 468
    5 091
    5 117
    4 737

    1 320
    1 880
    2 060
    1 390
    1 900
    2 650
    1 530
    2 400
    3 540
    2 220

    19 100
    69 000
    23 900
    16 500
    33 100
    28 200
    22 600
    28 300
    59 100
    22 900

    0.14
    0.50
    0.18
    0.12
    0.24
    0.22
    0.18
    0.22
    0.48
    0.18

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................

    4 843
    3 606
    3 419
    3 693
    4 985
    4 750
    4 956
    3 752
    2 968
    4 288

    2 410
    3 030
    1 960
    2 170
    4 600
    3 470
    2 120
    1 980
    840
    2 360

    38 800
    50 500
    34 100
    34 600
    116 000
    38 000
    8 720
    13 500
    4 180
    23 000

    0.33
    0.44
    0.28
    0.30
    1.04
    0.31
    0.07
    0.10
    0.04
    0.23

    1940 ................................................................................................................................
    1939 ................................................................................................................................
    1938 3 .............................................................................................................................
    1937 ................................................................................................................................
    1936 ................................................................................................................................
    1935 ................................................................................................................................
    1934 ................................................................................................................................
    1933 ................................................................................................................................
    1932 ................................................................................................................................
    1931 ................................................................................................................................

    2 508
    2 613
    2 772
    4 740
    2 172
    2 014
    1 856
    1 695
    841
    810

    577
    1 170
    688
    1 860
    789
    1 120
    1 470
    1 170
    324
    342

    6 700
    17 800
    9 150
    28 400
    13 900
    15 500
    19 600
    16 900
    6 890
    6 890

    0.08
    0.21
    0.15
    0.43
    0.21
    0.29
    0.38
    0.36
    0.11
    0.11

    637
    921
    604
    707

    183
    289
    314
    330

    3 320
    5 350
    12 600
    26 200

    0.05
    0.07
    0.17
    0.37

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927

    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................................

    1Less than .005 percent.


    2First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
    3Before 1939, percent of estimated total working time in

    private nonfarm economy. In 1939, that percent was 0.28.

    SECTION 8: LABOR

    125

    Table 8-11Series D 1029-1036. Work Injury Frequency Rates in Manufacturing and Mining, 19762002
    (Incident rates per 100 full-time workers.)
    Year

    Manufacturing

    Mining

    2002 ..................................................................................................
    2001 ..................................................................................................

    10.9
    10.8

    12.6
    12.6

    2000 ..................................................................................................
    1999 ..................................................................................................
    1998 ..................................................................................................
    1997 ..................................................................................................
    1996 ..................................................................................................
    1995 ..................................................................................................
    1994 ..................................................................................................
    1993 ..................................................................................................
    1992 ..................................................................................................
    1991 1 ...............................................................................................

    11.3
    11.2
    11.0
    11.4
    10.3
    8.3
    9.5
    8.3
    7.2
    8.2

    12.8
    12.8
    11.8
    11.1
    9.9
    9.7
    10.2
    10.0
    10.2
    11.3

    1990 1 ...............................................................................................
    1989 1 ...............................................................................................
    1988 ..................................................................................................
    1987 ..................................................................................................
    1986 ..................................................................................................
    1985 ..................................................................................................
    1984 ..................................................................................................
    1983 ..................................................................................................
    1982 ..................................................................................................
    1981 ..................................................................................................

    8.5
    8.2
    8.1
    7.1
    7.0
    6.5
    6.0
    6.0
    5.3
    5.7

    12.1
    12.0
    11.9
    11.2
    10.8
    10.4
    10.4
    9.9
    9.2
    8.9

    1980 ..................................................................................................
    1979 ..................................................................................................
    1978 ..................................................................................................
    1977 ..................................................................................................
    1976 ..................................................................................................

    4.7
    4.1
    4.6
    3.9
    3.8

    8.5
    8.0
    7.8
    7.0
    6.4

    1Data

    for 1989, 1990, and 1991 include fatalities.

    126

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 8-12. Federal Minimum Wage Rates, 19542003


    (Dollars.)
    Value of the minimum wage
    Year
    Constant (1996) dollars 1

    Current dollars

    2003 .......................................................................................................................
    2002 .......................................................................................................................
    2001 .......................................................................................................................

    5.15
    5.15
    5.15

    4.40
    4.49
    4.56

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................

    5.15
    5.15
    5.15
    5.15
    4.75
    4.25
    4.25
    4.25
    4.25
    4.25

    4.72
    4.85
    4.96
    5.03
    4.75
    4.38
    4.50
    4.61
    4.75
    4.90

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................

    3.80
    3.35
    3.35
    3.35
    3.35
    3.35
    3.35
    3.35
    3.35
    3.35

    4.56
    4.24
    4.44
    4.63
    4.80
    4.88
    5.06
    5.28
    5.45
    5.78

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................

    3.10
    2.90
    2.65
    2.30
    2.30
    2.10
    2.00
    1.60
    1.60
    1.60

    5.90
    6.27
    6.38
    5.95
    6.34
    6.12
    6.37
    5.65
    6.01
    6.20

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................

    1.60
    1.60
    1.60
    1.40
    1.25
    1.25
    1.25
    1.25
    1.15
    1.15

    6.47
    6.84
    7.21
    6.58
    6.05
    6.23
    6.33
    6.41
    5.97
    6.03

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954

    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................

    1.00
    1.00
    1.00
    1.00
    1.00
    0.75
    0.75

    5.30
    5.39
    5.43
    5.58
    5.77
    4.39
    4.37

    1Adjusted

    for inflation using the CPI-U.

    SECTION 8: LABOR

    127

    Table 8-13. Self-Employed Workers, by Industry and Occupation, 19702002


    (Number.)
    Item

    1970

    1980

    1990

    1994

    1995

    1996

    1997 1

    1998 1

    1999 1

    2000 1

    2001 1

    2002 1

    Total Self-Employed ................................

    7 031

    8 642

    10 097

    10 648

    10 482

    10 490

    10 513

    10 303

    10 087

    10 013

    9 941

    9 756

    Industry
    Agriculture .................................................
    Nonagriculture ...........................................
    Mining ....................................................
    Construction ..........................................
    Manufacturing ........................................
    Transportation and public utilities ..........
    Trade .....................................................
    Finance, insurance, and real estate ......
    Services .................................................

    1 810
    5 221
    14
    687
    264
    196
    1 667
    254
    2 140

    1 642
    7 000
    28
    1 173
    358
    282
    1 899
    458
    2 804

    1 378
    8 719
    24
    1 457
    427
    301
    1 851
    630
    4 030

    1 645
    9 003
    13
    1 506
    426
    385
    1 906
    625
    4 142

    1 580
    8 902
    16
    1 460
    433
    396
    1 772
    660
    4 166

    1 518
    8 971
    15
    1 496
    406
    432
    1 760
    674
    4 189

    1 457
    9 056
    14
    1 492
    422
    438
    1 761
    629
    4 300

    1 341
    8 962
    21
    1 519
    428
    430
    1 640
    609
    4 317

    1 297
    8 790
    16
    1 545
    380
    429
    1 621
    661
    4 138

    1 249
    8 765
    16
    1 593
    345
    405
    1 524
    700
    4 182

    1 264
    8 677
    25
    1 530
    360
    440
    1 491
    649
    4 182

    1 266
    8 490
    13
    1 483
    343
    436
    1 436
    649
    4 129

    Occupation
    Managerial and professional specialty ......
    Technical, sales, and administrative
    support ....................................................
    Service occupations ..................................
    Precision, production, craft, and repair ......
    Operators, fabricators, and laborers ..........
    Farming, forestry, and fishing ....................

    ...

    ...

    3 050

    3 106

    3 147

    3 288

    3 432

    3 400

    3 298

    3 150

    3 175

    3 064

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 240
    1 207
    1 675
    567
    1 358

    2 380
    1 178
    1 740
    639
    1 605

    2 341
    1 190
    1 618
    631
    1 556

    2 304
    1 198
    1 595
    634
    1 471

    2 219
    1 179
    1 651
    629
    1 403

    2 117
    1 198
    1 697
    584
    1 307

    2 111
    1 136
    1 665
    607
    1 270

    2 109
    1 212
    1 737
    563
    1 242

    1 990
    1 177
    1 767
    588
    1 245

    1 927
    1 245
    1 686
    586
    1 248

    1Data

    not strictly comparable with earlier years because of changes in classifications, methods, and introduction of decennial census data.
    . . . = Not available.

    128

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 8-14. Marital Status of Women in the Civilan Labor Force, 19602002
    (Number, percent.)
    Female participation rate 1

    Female labor force


    Year
    Total

    Single

    Married 2

    Other 3

    Total

    Married 2

    Single

    Other 3

    2002 ........................................
    2001 ........................................

    67 363
    66 848

    18 203
    18 021

    35 477
    35 236

    13 683
    13 592

    59.6
    59.8

    67.4
    68.1

    61.0
    61.2

    49.2
    49.0

    2000 ........................................
    1999 ........................................
    1998 ........................................
    1997 ........................................
    1996 ........................................
    1995 ........................................
    1994 ........................................
    1993 ........................................
    1992 ........................................
    1991 ........................................

    66 303
    64 855
    63 714
    63 036
    61 857
    60 944
    60 239
    58 795
    58 141
    57 178

    17 849
    17 575
    17 087
    16 492
    15 842
    15 467
    15 333
    15 031
    14 872
    14 681

    35 146
    34 372
    33 857
    33 802
    33 618
    33 359
    32 888
    31 980
    31 700
    31 112

    13 308
    12 909
    12 771
    12 742
    12 397
    12 118
    12 018
    11 784
    11 570
    11 385

    59.9
    60.0
    59.8
    59.8
    59.3
    58.9
    58.8
    57.9
    57.8
    57.4

    68.9
    68.7
    68.5
    67.9
    67.1
    66.8
    66.7
    66.2
    66.2
    66.2

    61.1
    61.2
    61.2
    61.6
    61.2
    61.0
    60.7
    59.4
    59.3
    58.5

    49.0
    49.1
    48.8
    48.6
    48.1
    47.4
    47.5
    47.2
    47.1
    46.8

    1990 ........................................
    1989 ........................................
    1988 ........................................
    1987 ........................................
    1986 ........................................
    1985 ........................................
    1984 ........................................
    1983 ........................................
    1982 ........................................

    56 829
    56 030
    54 742
    53 658
    52 413
    51 050
    49 709
    48 503
    47 755

    14 612
    14 377
    14 194
    13 885
    13 512
    13 163
    12 867
    12 659
    12 460

    30 901
    30 548
    29 921
    28 381
    28 623
    27 894
    27 199
    26 468
    25 971

    11 315
    11 104
    10 627
    10 393
    10 277
    9 993
    9 644
    9 376
    9 324

    57.5
    57.4
    56.6
    56.0
    55.3
    54.5
    53.6
    52.9
    52.6

    66.7
    68.0
    67.7
    67.4
    67.2
    66.6
    65.6
    65.0
    65.1

    58.4
    57.8
    56.7
    55.9
    54.9
    53.8
    52.8
    51.8
    51.1

    47.2
    47.0
    46.2
    45.7
    45.6
    45.1
    44.7
    44.4
    44.8

    1980 ........................................
    1975 ........................................
    1970 ........................................
    1965 ........................................
    1960 ........................................

    45 487
    37 475
    31 543
    26 200
    23 240

    11 865
    9 125
    7 265
    5 976
    5 410

    24 980
    21 484
    18 475
    14 829
    12 893

    8 643
    6 866
    5 804
    5 396
    4 937

    51.5
    46.3
    43.3
    39.3
    37.7

    64.4
    59.8
    56.8
    54.5
    58.6

    49.9
    44.3
    40.5
    34.9
    31.2

    43.6
    40.1
    40.3
    40.7
    41.6

    1Labor force as a percent of the civilian


    2Husband present.
    3Widowed, divorced, or separated.

    labor force.

    SECTION 8: LABOR

    129

    Table 8-15. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population, by Sex and Race,
    19482003
    (Thousands of people, percent.)
    Civilian labor force
    Year

    Civilian
    noninstitutional
    population

    Employed
    Total

    Participation rate
    Total

    Unemployed

    Employment
    population ratio

    Number

    Not in labor force

    Unemployment
    rate

    Both Sexes
    2003 ........................................
    2002 ........................................
    2001 ........................................

    221 168
    217 570
    215 092

    146 510
    144 863
    143 734

    66.2
    66.6
    66.8

    137 736
    136 485
    136 933

    62.3
    62.7
    63.7

    8 774
    8 378
    6 801

    6.0
    5.8
    4.7

    74 658
    72 707
    71 359

    2000 ........................................
    1999 ........................................
    1998 ........................................
    1997 ........................................
    1996 ........................................
    1995 ........................................
    1994 ........................................
    1993 ........................................
    1992 ........................................
    1991 ........................................

    212 577
    207 753
    205 220
    203 133
    200 591
    198 584
    196 814
    194 838
    192 805
    190 925

    142 583
    139 368
    137 673
    136 297
    133 943
    132 304
    131 056
    129 200
    128 105
    126 346

    67.1
    67.1
    67.1
    67.1
    66.8
    66.6
    66.6
    66.3
    66.4
    66.2

    136 891
    133 488
    131 463
    129 558
    126 708
    124 900
    123 060
    120 259
    118 492
    117 718

    64.4
    64.3
    64.1
    63.8
    63.2
    62.9
    62.5
    61.7
    61.5
    61.7

    5 692
    5 880
    6 210
    6 739
    7 236
    7 404
    7 996
    8 940
    9 613
    8 628

    4.0
    4.2
    4.5
    4.9
    5.4
    5.6
    6.1
    6.9
    7.5
    6.8

    69 994
    68 385
    67 547
    66 837
    66 647
    66 280
    65 758
    65 638
    64 700
    64 578

    1990 ........................................
    1989 ........................................
    1988 ........................................
    1987 ........................................
    1986 ........................................
    1985 ........................................
    1984 ........................................
    1983 ........................................
    1982 ........................................
    1981 ........................................

    189 164
    186 393
    184 613
    182 753
    180 587
    178 206
    176 383
    174 215
    172 271
    170 130

    125 840
    123 869
    121 669
    119 865
    117 834
    115 461
    113 544
    111 550
    110 204
    108 670

    66.5
    66.5
    65.9
    65.6
    65.3
    64.8
    64.4
    64.0
    64.0
    63.9

    118 793
    117 342
    114 968
    112 440
    109 597
    107 150
    105 005
    100 834
    99 526
    100 397

    62.8
    63.0
    62.3
    61.5
    60.7
    60.1
    59.5
    57.9
    57.8
    59.0

    7 047
    6 528
    6 701
    7 425
    8 237
    8 312
    8 539
    10 717
    10 678
    8 273

    5.6
    5.3
    5.5
    6.2
    7.0
    7.2
    7.5
    9.6
    9.7
    7.6

    63 324
    62 523
    62 944
    62 888
    62 752
    62 744
    62 839
    62 665
    62 067
    61 460

    1980 ........................................
    1979 ........................................
    1978 ........................................
    1977 ........................................
    1976 ........................................
    1975 ........................................
    1974 ........................................
    1973 ........................................
    1972 ........................................
    1971 ........................................

    167 745
    164 863
    161 910
    159 033
    156 150
    153 153
    150 120
    147 096
    144 126
    140 216

    106 940
    104 962
    102 251
    99 009
    96 158
    93 775
    91 949
    89 429
    87 034
    84 382

    63.8
    63.7
    63.2
    62.3
    61.6
    61.2
    61.3
    60.8
    60.4
    60.2

    99 303
    98 824
    96 048
    92 017
    88 752
    85 846
    86 794
    85 064
    82 153
    79 367

    59.2
    59.9
    59.3
    57.9
    56.8
    56.1
    57.8
    57.8
    57.0
    56.6

    7 637
    6 137
    6 202
    6 991
    7 406
    7 929
    5 156
    4 365
    4 882
    5 016

    7.1
    5.8
    6.1
    7.1
    7.7
    8.5
    5.6
    4.9
    5.6
    5.9

    60 806
    59 900
    59 659
    60 025
    59 991
    59 377
    58 171
    57 667
    57 091
    55 834

    1970 ........................................
    1969 ........................................
    1968 ........................................
    1967 ........................................
    1966 ........................................
    1965 ........................................
    1964 ........................................
    1963 ........................................
    1962 ........................................
    1961 ........................................

    137 085
    134 335
    132 028
    129 874
    128 058
    126 513
    124 485
    122 416
    120 153
    118 771

    82 771
    80 734
    78 737
    77 347
    75 770
    74 455
    73 091
    71 833
    70 614
    70 459

    60.4
    60.1
    59.6
    59.6
    59.2
    58.9
    58.7
    58.7
    58.8
    59.3

    78 678
    77 902
    75 920
    74 372
    72 895
    71 088
    69 305
    67 762
    66 702
    65 746

    57.4
    58.0
    57.5
    57.3
    56.9
    56.2
    55.7
    55.4
    55.5
    55.4

    4 093
    2 832
    2 817
    2 975
    2 875
    3 366
    3 786
    4 070
    3 911
    4 714

    4.9
    3.5
    3.6
    3.8
    3.8
    4.5
    5.2
    5.7
    5.5
    6.7

    54 315
    53 602
    53 291
    52 527
    52 288
    52 058
    51 394
    50 583
    49 539
    48 312

    1960 ........................................
    1959 ........................................
    1958 ........................................
    1957 ........................................
    1956 ........................................
    1955 ........................................
    1954 ........................................
    1953 ........................................
    1952 ........................................
    1951 ........................................

    117 245
    115 329
    113 727
    112 265
    110 954
    109 683
    108 321
    107 056
    105 231
    104 621

    69 628
    68 369
    67 639
    66 929
    66 552
    65 023
    63 643
    63 015
    62 138
    62 017

    59.4
    59.3
    59.5
    59.6
    60.0
    59.3
    58.8
    58.9
    59.0
    59.2

    65 778
    64 630
    63 036
    64 071
    63 799
    62 170
    60 109
    61 179
    60 250
    59 961

    56.1
    56.0
    55.4
    57.1
    57.5
    56.7
    55.5
    57.1
    57.3
    57.3

    3 852
    3 740
    4 602
    2 859
    2 750
    2 852
    3 532
    1 834
    1 883
    2 055

    5.5
    5.5
    6.8
    4.3
    4.1
    4.4
    5.5
    2.9
    3.0
    3.3

    47 617
    46 960
    46 088
    45 336
    44 402
    44 660
    44 678
    44 041
    43 093
    42 604

    1950 ........................................
    1949 ........................................
    1948 ........................................

    104 995
    103 994
    103 068

    62 208
    61 286
    60 621

    59.2
    58.9
    58.8

    58 918
    57 651
    58 343

    56.1
    55.4
    56.6

    3 288
    3 637
    2 276

    5.3
    5.9
    3.8

    42 787
    42 708
    42 447

    130

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 8-15. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population, by Sex and Race,
    19482003Continued
    (Thousands of people, percent.)
    Civilian labor force
    Year

    Civilian
    noninstitutional
    population

    Employed
    Total

    Participation rate
    Total

    Unemployed

    Employment
    population ratio

    Number

    Not in labor force

    Unemployment
    rate

    Male
    2003 ........................................
    2002 ........................................
    2001 ........................................

    106 435
    104 585
    103 282

    78 238
    77 500
    76 886

    73.5
    74.1
    74.4

    73 332
    72 903
    73 196

    68.9
    69.7
    70.9

    4 906
    4 597
    3 690

    6.3
    5.9
    4.8

    28 197
    27 085
    26 396

    2000 ........................................
    1999 ........................................
    1998 ........................................
    1997 ........................................
    1996 ........................................
    1995 ........................................
    1994 ........................................
    1993 ........................................
    1992 ........................................
    1991 ........................................

    101 964
    99 722
    98 758
    97 715
    96 206
    95 178
    94 355
    93 332
    92 270
    91 278

    76 280
    74 512
    73 959
    73 261
    72 087
    71 360
    70 817
    70 404
    69 964
    69 168

    74.8
    74.7
    74.9
    75.0
    74.9
    75.0
    75.1
    75.4
    75.8
    75.8

    73 305
    71 446
    70 693
    69 685
    68 207
    67 377
    66 450
    65 349
    64 440
    64 223

    71.9
    71.6
    71.6
    71.3
    70.9
    70.8
    70.4
    70.0
    69.8
    70.4

    2 975
    3 066
    3 266
    3 577
    3 880
    3 983
    4 367
    5 055
    5 523
    4 946

    3.9
    4.1
    4.4
    4.9
    5.4
    5.6
    6.2
    7.2
    7.9
    7.2

    25 684
    25 210
    24 799
    24 454
    24 119
    23 818
    23 538
    22 927
    22 306
    22 110

    1990 ........................................
    1989 ........................................
    1988 ........................................
    1987 ........................................
    1986 ........................................
    1985 ........................................
    1984 ........................................
    1983 ........................................
    1982 ........................................
    1981 ........................................

    90 377
    88 762
    87 857
    86 899
    85 798
    84 469
    83 605
    82 531
    81 523
    80 511

    69 011
    67 840
    66 927
    66 207
    65 422
    64 411
    63 835
    63 047
    62 450
    61 974

    76.4
    76.4
    76.2
    76.2
    76.3
    76.3
    76.4
    76.4
    76.6
    77.0

    65 104
    64 315
    63 273
    62 107
    60 892
    59 891
    59 091
    56 787
    56 271
    57 397

    72.0
    72.5
    72.0
    71.5
    71.0
    70.9
    70.7
    68.8
    69.0
    71.3

    3 906
    3 525
    3 655
    4 101
    4 530
    4 521
    4 744
    6 260
    6 179
    4 577

    5.7
    5.2
    5.5
    6.2
    6.9
    7.0
    7.4
    9.9
    9.9
    7.4

    21 367
    20 923
    20 930
    20 692
    20 376
    20 058
    19 771
    19 484
    19 073
    18 537

    1980 ........................................
    1979 ........................................
    1978 ........................................
    1977 ........................................
    1976 ........................................
    1975 ........................................
    1974 ........................................
    1973 ........................................
    1972 ........................................
    1971 ........................................

    79 398
    78 020
    76 576
    75 193
    73 759
    72 291
    70 808
    69 292
    67 835
    65 942

    61 453
    60 726
    59 620
    58 396
    57 174
    56 299
    55 739
    54 624
    53 555
    52 180

    77.4
    77.8
    77.9
    77.7
    77.5
    77.9
    78.7
    78.8
    78.9
    79.1

    57 186
    57 607
    56 479
    54 728
    53 138
    51 857
    53 024
    52 349
    50 896
    49 390

    72.0
    73.8
    73.8
    72.8
    72.0
    71.7
    74.9
    75.5
    75.0
    74.9

    4 267
    3 120
    3 142
    3 667
    4 036
    4 442
    2 714
    2 275
    2 659
    2 789

    6.9
    5.1
    5.3
    6.3
    7.1
    7.9
    4.9
    4.2
    5.0
    5.3

    17 945
    17 293
    16 956
    16 797
    16 585
    15 993
    15 069
    14 667
    14 280
    13 762

    1970 ........................................
    1969 ........................................
    1968 ........................................
    1967 ........................................
    1966 ........................................
    1965 ........................................
    1964 ........................................
    1963 ........................................
    1962 ........................................
    1961 ........................................

    64 304
    62 898
    61 847
    60 905
    60 262
    59 782
    58 847
    57 921
    56 831
    56 286

    51 228
    50 221
    49 533
    48 987
    48 471
    48 255
    47 679
    47 129
    46 600
    46 653

    79.7
    79.8
    80.1
    80.4
    80.4
    80.7
    81.0
    81.4
    82.0
    82.9

    48 990
    48 818
    48 114
    47 479
    46 919
    46 340
    45 474
    44 657
    44 177
    43 656

    76.2
    77.6
    77.8
    78.0
    77.9
    77.5
    77.3
    77.1
    77.7
    77.6

    2 238
    1 403
    1 419
    1 508
    1 551
    1 914
    2 205
    2 472
    2 423
    2 997

    4.4
    2.8
    2.9
    3.1
    3.2
    4.0
    4.6
    5.2
    5.2
    6.4

    13 076
    12 677
    12 315
    11 919
    11 792
    11 527
    11 169
    10 792
    10 231
    9 633

    1960 ........................................
    1959 ........................................
    1958 ........................................
    1957 ........................................
    1956 ........................................
    1955 ........................................
    1954 ........................................
    1953 ........................................
    1952 ........................................
    1951 ........................................

    55 662
    54 793
    54 033
    53 315
    52 723
    52 109
    51 395
    50 750
    49 700
    49 727

    46 388
    45 886
    45 521
    45 197
    45 091
    44 475
    43 965
    43 633
    42 869
    43 001

    83.3
    83.7
    84.2
    84.8
    85.5
    85.4
    85.5
    86.0
    86.3
    86.3

    43 904
    43 466
    42 423
    43 357
    43 379
    42 621
    41 619
    42 430
    41 682
    41 780

    78.9
    79.3
    78.5
    81.3
    82.3
    81.8
    81.0
    83.6
    83.9
    84.0

    2 486
    2 420
    3 098
    1 841
    1 711
    1 854
    2 344
    1 202
    1 185
    1 221

    5.4
    5.2
    6.8
    4.1
    3.8
    4.2
    5.3
    2.8
    2.8
    2.8

    9 274
    8 907
    8 514
    8 118
    7 633
    7 634
    7 431
    7 117
    6 832
    6 725

    1950 ........................................
    1949 ........................................
    1948 ........................................

    50 725
    50 321
    49 996

    43 819
    43 498
    43 286

    86.4
    86.4
    86.6

    41 578
    40 925
    41 725

    82.0
    81.3
    83.5

    2 239
    2 572
    1 559

    5.1
    5.9
    3.6

    6 906
    6 825
    6 710

    SECTION 8: LABOR

    131

    Table 8-15. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population, by Sex and Race,
    19482003Continued
    (Thousands of people, percent.)
    Civilian labor force
    Year

    Civilian
    noninstitutional
    population

    Employed
    Total

    Participation rate
    Total

    Unemployed

    Employment
    population ratio

    Number

    Not in labor force

    Unemployment
    rate

    Female
    2003 ........................................
    2002 ........................................
    2001 ........................................

    114 733
    112 985
    111 811

    68 272
    67 363
    66 848

    59.5
    59.6
    59.8

    64 404
    63 582
    63 737

    56.1
    56.3
    57.0

    3 868
    3 781
    3 111

    5.7
    5.6
    4.7

    46 461
    45 621
    44 962

    2000 ........................................
    1999 ........................................
    1998 ........................................
    1997 ........................................
    1996 ........................................
    1995 ........................................
    1994 ........................................
    1993 ........................................
    1992 ........................................
    1991 ........................................

    110 613
    108 031
    106 462
    105 418
    104 385
    103 406
    102 460
    101 506
    100 535
    99 646

    66 303
    64 855
    63 714
    63 036
    61 857
    60 944
    60 239
    58 795
    58 141
    57 178

    59.9
    60.0
    59.8
    59.8
    59.3
    58.9
    58.8
    57.9
    57.8
    57.4

    63 586
    62 042
    60 771
    59 873
    58 501
    57 523
    56 610
    54 910
    54 052
    53 496

    57.5
    57.4
    57.1
    56.8
    56.0
    55.6
    55.3
    54.1
    53.8
    53.7

    2 717
    2 814
    2 944
    3 162
    3 356
    3 421
    3 629
    3 885
    4 090
    3 683

    4.1
    4.3
    4.6
    5.0
    5.4
    5.6
    6.0
    6.6
    7.0
    6.4

    44 310
    43 175
    42 748
    42 382
    42 528
    42 462
    42 221
    42 711
    42 394
    42 468

    1990 ........................................
    1989 ........................................
    1988 ........................................
    1987 ........................................
    1986 ........................................
    1985 ........................................
    1984 ........................................
    1983 ........................................
    1982 ........................................
    1981 ........................................

    98 787
    97 630
    96 756
    95 853
    94 789
    93 736
    92 778
    91 684
    90 748
    89 618

    56 829
    56 030
    54 742
    53 658
    52 413
    51 050
    49 709
    48 503
    47 755
    46 696

    57.5
    57.4
    56.6
    56.0
    55.3
    54.5
    53.6
    52.9
    52.6
    52.1

    53 689
    53 027
    51 696
    50 334
    48 706
    47 259
    45 915
    44 047
    43 256
    43 000

    54.3
    54.3
    53.4
    52.5
    51.4
    50.4
    49.5
    48.0
    47.7
    48.0

    3 140
    3 003
    3 046
    3 324
    3 707
    3 791
    3 794
    4 457
    4 499
    3 696

    5.5
    5.4
    5.6
    6.2
    7.1
    7.4
    7.6
    9.2
    9.4
    7.9

    41 957
    41 601
    42 014
    42 195
    42 376
    42 686
    43 068
    43 181
    42 993
    42 922

    1980 ........................................
    1979 ........................................
    1978 ........................................
    1977 ........................................
    1976 ........................................
    1975 ........................................
    1974 ........................................
    1973 ........................................
    1972 ........................................
    1971 ........................................

    88 348
    86 843
    85 334
    83 840
    82 390
    80 860
    79 312
    77 804
    76 290
    74 274

    45 487
    44 235
    42 631
    40 613
    38 983
    37 475
    36 211
    34 804
    33 479
    32 202

    51.5
    50.9
    50.0
    48.4
    47.3
    46.3
    45.7
    44.7
    43.9
    43.4

    42 117
    41 217
    39 569
    37 289
    35 615
    33 989
    33 769
    32 715
    31 257
    29 976

    47.7
    47.5
    46.4
    44.5
    43.2
    42.0
    42.6
    42.0
    41.0
    40.4

    3 370
    3 018
    3 061
    3 324
    3 369
    3 486
    2 441
    2 089
    2 222
    2 227

    7.4
    6.8
    7.2
    8.2
    8.6
    9.3
    6.7
    6.0
    6.6
    6.9

    42 861
    42 608
    42 703
    43 227
    43 406
    43 386
    43 101
    43 000
    42 811
    42 072

    1970 ........................................
    1969 ........................................
    1968 ........................................
    1967 ........................................
    1966 ........................................
    1965 ........................................
    1964 ........................................
    1963 ........................................
    1962 ........................................
    1961 ........................................

    72 782
    71 436
    70 179
    68 968
    67 795
    66 731
    65 637
    64 494
    63 321
    62 484

    31 543
    30 513
    29 204
    28 360
    27 299
    26 200
    25 412
    24 704
    24 014
    23 806

    43.3
    42.7
    41.6
    41.1
    40.3
    39.3
    38.7
    38.3
    37.9
    38.1

    29 688
    29 084
    27 807
    26 893
    25 976
    24 748
    23 831
    23 105
    22 525
    22 090

    40.8
    40.7
    39.6
    39.0
    38.3
    37.1
    36.3
    35.8
    35.6
    35.4

    1 855
    1 429
    1 397
    1 468
    1 324
    1 452
    1 581
    1 598
    1 488
    1 717

    5.9
    4.7
    4.8
    5.2
    4.8
    5.5
    6.2
    6.5
    6.2
    7.2

    41 239
    40 924
    40 976
    40 608
    40 496
    40 531
    40 225
    39 791
    39 308
    38 679

    1960 ........................................
    1959 ........................................
    1958 ........................................
    1957 ........................................
    1956 ........................................
    1955 ........................................
    1954 ........................................
    1953 ........................................
    1952 ........................................
    1951 ........................................

    61 582
    60 534
    59 690
    58 951
    58 228
    57 574
    56 925
    56 305
    55 529
    54 895

    23 240
    22 483
    22 118
    21 732
    21 461
    20 548
    19 678
    19 382
    19 269
    19 016

    37.7
    37.1
    37.1
    36.9
    36.9
    35.7
    34.6
    34.4
    34.7
    34.6

    21 874
    21 164
    20 613
    20 714
    20 419
    19 551
    18 490
    18 749
    18 568
    18 181

    35.5
    35.0
    34.5
    35.1
    35.1
    34.0
    32.5
    33.3
    33.4
    33.1

    1 366
    1 320
    1 504
    1 018
    1 039
    998
    1 188
    632
    698
    834

    5.9
    5.9
    6.8
    4.7
    4.8
    4.9
    6.0
    3.3
    3.6
    4.4

    38 343
    38 053
    37 574
    37 218
    36 769
    37 026
    37 247
    36 924
    36 261
    35 879

    1950 ........................................
    1949 ........................................
    1948 ........................................

    54 270
    53 670
    53 071

    18 389
    17 788
    17 335

    33.9
    33.1
    32.7

    17 340
    16 723
    16 617

    32.0
    31.2
    31.3

    1 049
    1 065
    717

    5.7
    6.0
    4.1

    35 881
    35 883
    35 737

    132

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 8-15. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population, by Sex and Race,
    19482003Continued
    (Thousands of people, percent.)
    Civilian labor force
    Year

    Civilian
    noninstitutional
    population

    Employed
    Total

    Participation rate
    Total

    Unemployed

    Employment
    population ratio

    Number

    Not in labor force

    Unemployment
    rate

    White
    2003 ........................................
    2002 ........................................
    2001 ........................................

    181 292
    179 783
    178 111

    120 546
    120 150
    119 399

    66.5
    66.8
    67.0

    114 235
    114 013
    114 430

    63.0
    63.4
    64.2

    6 311
    6 137
    4 969

    5.2
    5.1
    4.2

    60 746
    59 633
    58 713

    2000 ........................................
    1999 ........................................
    1998 ........................................
    1997 ........................................
    1996 ........................................
    1995 ........................................
    1994 ........................................
    1993 ........................................
    1992 ........................................
    1991 ........................................

    176 220
    173 085
    171 478
    169 993
    168 317
    166 914
    165 555
    164 289
    162 972
    161 759

    118 545
    116 509
    115 415
    114 693
    113 108
    111 950
    111 082
    109 700
    108 837
    107 743

    67.3
    67.3
    67.3
    67.5
    67.2
    67.1
    67.1
    66.8
    66.8
    66.6

    114 424
    112 235
    110 931
    109 856
    107 808
    106 490
    105 190
    103 045
    101 669
    101 182

    64.9
    64.8
    64.7
    64.6
    64.1
    63.8
    63.5
    62.7
    62.4
    62.6

    4 121
    4 273
    4 484
    4 836
    5 300
    5 459
    5 892
    6 655
    7 169
    6 560

    3.5
    3.7
    3.9
    4.2
    4.7
    4.9
    5.3
    6.1
    6.6
    6.1

    57 675
    56 577
    56 064
    55 301
    55 209
    54 965
    54 473
    54 589
    54 135
    54 016

    1990 ........................................
    1989 ........................................
    1988 ........................................
    1987 ........................................
    1986 ........................................
    1985 ........................................
    1984 ........................................
    1983 ........................................
    1982 ........................................
    1981 ........................................

    160 625
    159 338
    158 194
    156 958
    155 432
    153 679
    152 347
    150 805
    149 441
    147 908

    107 447
    106 355
    104 756
    103 290
    101 801
    99 926
    98 492
    97 021
    96 143
    95 052

    66.9
    66.7
    66.2
    65.8
    65.5
    65.0
    64.6
    64.3
    64.3
    64.3

    102 261
    101 584
    99 812
    97 789
    95 660
    93 736
    92 120
    88 893
    87 903
    88 709

    63.7
    63.8
    63.1
    62.3
    61.5
    61.0
    60.5
    58.9
    58.8
    60.0

    5 186
    4 770
    4 944
    5 501
    6 140
    6 191
    6 372
    8 128
    8 241
    6 343

    4.8
    4.5
    4.7
    5.3
    6.0
    6.2
    6.5
    8.4
    8.6
    6.7

    53 178
    52 983
    53 439
    53 669
    53 631
    53 753
    53 855
    53 784
    53 298
    52 856

    1980 ........................................
    1979 ........................................
    1978 ........................................
    1977 ........................................
    1976 ........................................
    1975 ........................................
    1974 ........................................
    1973 ........................................
    1972 ........................................
    1971 ........................................

    146 122
    143 894
    141 612
    139 380
    137 106
    134 790
    132 417
    130 097
    127 906
    124 758

    93 600
    91 923
    89 634
    87 141
    84 767
    82 831
    81 281
    79 151
    77 275
    74 963

    64.1
    63.9
    63.3
    62.5
    61.8
    61.5
    61.4
    60.8
    60.4
    60.1

    87 715
    87 259
    84 936
    81 700
    78 853
    76 411
    77 184
    75 708
    73 370
    70 878

    60.0
    60.6
    60.0
    58.6
    57.5
    56.7
    58.3
    58.2
    57.4
    56.8

    5 884
    4 664
    4 698
    5 441
    5 914
    6 421
    4 097
    3 442
    3 906
    4 085

    6.3
    5.1
    5.2
    6.2
    7.0
    7.8
    5.0
    4.3
    5.1
    5.4

    52 523
    51 970
    51 979
    52 238
    52 338
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1970 ........................................
    1969 ........................................
    1968 ........................................
    1967 ........................................
    1966 ........................................
    1965 ........................................
    1964 ........................................
    1963 ........................................
    1962 ........................................
    1961 ........................................

    122 174
    119 913
    117 948
    116 100
    114 566
    113 284
    111 534
    109 705
    107 715
    106 604

    73 556
    71 778
    69 976
    68 699
    67 276
    66 137
    64 921
    63 830
    62 750
    62 656

    60.2
    59.9
    59.3
    59.2
    58.7
    58.4
    58.2
    58.2
    58.3
    58.8

    70 217
    69 518
    67 750
    66 361
    65 021
    63 446
    61 922
    60 622
    59 698
    58 913

    57.5
    58.0
    57.4
    57.2
    56.8
    56.0
    55.5
    55.3
    55.4
    55.3

    3 339
    2 260
    2 226
    2 338
    2 255
    2 691
    2 999
    3 208
    3 052
    3 743

    4.5
    3.1
    3.2
    3.4
    3.4
    4.1
    4.6
    5.0
    4.9
    6.0

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1960 ........................................
    1959 ........................................
    1958 ........................................
    1957 ........................................
    1956 ........................................
    1955 ........................................
    1954 ........................................

    105 282
    103 803
    102 392
    101 119
    99 976
    98 880
    97 705

    61 915
    60 952
    60 293
    59 754
    59 428
    58 085
    56 816

    58.8
    58.7
    58.9
    59.1
    59.4
    58.7
    58.2

    58 850
    58 006
    56 613
    57 465
    57 269
    55 833
    53 957

    55.9
    55.9
    55.3
    56.8
    57.3
    56.5
    55.2

    3 065
    2 946
    3 680
    2 289
    2 159
    2 252
    2 859

    5.0
    4.8
    6.1
    3.8
    3.6
    3.9
    5.0

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 8: LABOR

    133

    Table 8-15. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population, by Sex and Race,
    19482003Continued
    (Thousands of people, percent.)
    Civilian labor force
    Year

    Civilian
    noninstitutional
    population

    Employed
    Total

    Participation rate

    Unemployed

    Employment
    population ratio

    Total

    Not in labor force

    Unemployment
    rate

    Number

    Black
    2003 ........................................
    2002 ........................................
    2001 ........................................

    25 686
    25 578
    25 138

    16 526
    16 565
    16 421

    64.3
    64.8
    65.3

    14 739
    14 872
    15 006

    57.4
    58.1
    59.7

    1 787
    1 693
    1 416

    10.8
    10.2
    8.6

    9 161
    9 013
    8 717

    2000 ........................................
    1999 ........................................
    1998 ........................................
    1997 ........................................
    1996 ........................................
    1995 ........................................
    1994 ........................................
    1993 ........................................
    1992 ........................................
    1991 ........................................

    24 902
    24 855
    24 373
    24 003
    23 604
    23 246
    22 879
    22 521
    22 147
    21 799

    16 397
    16 365
    15 982
    15 529
    15 134
    14 817
    14 502
    14 225
    14 162
    13 797

    65.8
    65.8
    65.6
    64.7
    64.1
    63.7
    63.4
    63.2
    63.9
    63.3

    15 156
    15 056
    14 556
    13 969
    13 542
    13 279
    12 835
    12 382
    12 151
    12 074

    60.9
    60.6
    59.7
    58.2
    57.4
    57.1
    56.1
    55.0
    54.9
    55.4

    1 241
    1 309
    1 426
    1 560
    1 592
    1 538
    1 666
    1 844
    2 011
    1 723

    7.6
    8.0
    8.9
    10.0
    10.5
    10.4
    11.5
    13.0
    14.2
    12.5

    8 505
    8 490
    8 391
    8 474
    8 470
    8 429
    8 377
    8 296
    7 985
    8 002

    1990 ........................................
    1989 ........................................
    1988 ........................................
    1987 ........................................
    1986 ........................................
    1985 ........................................
    1984 ........................................
    1983 ........................................
    1982 ........................................
    1981 ........................................

    21 477
    21 021
    20 692
    20 352
    19 989
    19 664
    19 348
    18 925
    18 584
    18 219

    13 740
    13 497
    13 205
    12 993
    12 654
    12 364
    12 033
    11 647
    11 331
    11 086

    64.0
    64.2
    63.8
    63.8
    63.3
    62.9
    62.2
    61.5
    61.0
    60.8

    12 175
    11 953
    11 658
    11 309
    10 814
    10 501
    10 119
    9 375
    9 189
    9 355

    56.7
    56.9
    56.3
    55.6
    54.1
    53.4
    52.3
    49.5
    49.4
    51.3

    1 565
    1 544
    1 547
    1 684
    1 840
    1 864
    1 914
    2 272
    2 142
    1 731

    11.4
    11.4
    11.7
    13.0
    14.5
    15.1
    15.9
    19.5
    18.9
    15.6

    7 737
    7 524
    7 487
    7 359
    7 335
    7 299
    7 315
    7 278
    7 254
    7 134

    1980 ........................................
    1979 ........................................
    1978 ........................................
    1977 ........................................
    1976 ........................................
    1975 ........................................
    1974 ........................................
    1973 ........................................
    1972 ........................................

    17 824
    17 397
    16 970
    16 605
    16 196
    15 751
    15 329
    14 917
    14 526

    10 865
    10 678
    10 432
    9 932
    9 561
    9 263
    9 167
    8 976
    8 707

    61.0
    61.4
    61.5
    59.8
    59.0
    58.8
    59.8
    60.2
    59.9

    9 313
    9 359
    9 102
    8 540
    8 227
    7 894
    8 203
    8 128
    7 802

    52.3
    53.8
    53.6
    51.4
    50.8
    50.1
    53.5
    54.5
    53.7

    1 553
    1 319
    1 330
    1 393
    1 334
    1 369
    965
    846
    906

    14.3
    12.3
    12.8
    14.0
    14.0
    14.8
    10.5
    9.4
    10.4

    6 959
    6 718
    6 539
    6 672
    6 635
    6 487
    6 169
    5 941
    5 819

    Asian
    2003 ........................................
    2002 ........................................
    2001 ........................................
    2000 ........................................

    9 220
    9 833
    9 626
    9 330

    6 122
    6 604
    6 469
    6 270

    66.4
    67.2
    67.2
    67.2

    5 756
    6 215
    6 180
    6 043

    62.4
    63.2
    64.2
    64.8

    366
    389
    288
    227

    6.0
    5.9
    4.5
    3.6

    3 098
    3 229
    3 158
    3 060

    134

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 8-16. ProductivityOutput per Hour, 19472003


    (1992 = 100.)
    Output per hour
    Year
    Business

    Nonfarm business

    Nonfinancial corporations

    Manufacturing

    2003 ........................................
    2002 ........................................
    2001 ........................................

    129.6
    124.0
    118.3

    129.1
    123.6
    117.8

    ...
    128.9
    122.7

    154.6
    147.1
    137.1

    2000 ........................................
    1999 ........................................
    1998 ........................................
    1997 ........................................
    1996 ........................................
    1995 ........................................
    1994 ........................................
    1993 ........................................
    1992 ........................................
    1991 ........................................

    115.7
    112.4
    109.3
    106.5
    104.5
    101.7
    101.4
    100.3
    100.0
    96.0

    115.3
    112.2
    109.2
    106.4
    104.7
    102.1
    101.5
    100.3
    100.0
    96.2

    120.6
    116.4
    112.8
    109.8
    107.1
    103.4
    102.5
    100.5
    100.0
    97.9

    134.2
    128.2
    123.5
    117.9
    113.9
    110.1
    106.0
    102.7
    100.0
    95.6

    1990 ........................................
    1989 ........................................
    1988 ........................................
    1987 ........................................
    1986 ........................................
    1985 ........................................
    1984 ........................................
    1983 ........................................
    1982 ........................................
    1981 ........................................

    94.4
    92.7
    91.7
    90.3
    89.9
    87.3
    85.3
    83.1
    80.2
    80.6

    94.4
    92.8
    92.1
    90.6
    90.3
    87.7
    86.2
    84.6
    80.9
    81.4

    95.5
    95.2
    96.5
    94.3
    92.5
    90.5
    88.4
    86.1
    83.2
    82.3

    92.9
    90.3
    89.8
    88.0
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1980 ........................................
    1979 ........................................
    1978 ........................................
    1977 ........................................
    1976 ........................................
    1975 ........................................
    1974 ........................................
    1973 ........................................
    1972 ........................................
    1971 ........................................

    79.0
    79.1
    79.1
    78.2
    76.9
    74.6
    72.1
    73.2
    71.0
    68.8

    80.3
    80.5
    80.8
    79.7
    78.5
    76.0
    73.9
    75.0
    72.8
    70.4

    81.0
    81.6
    82.5
    81.4
    79.3
    76.9
    74.0
    75.5
    74.8
    73.3

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1970 ........................................
    1969 ........................................
    1968 ........................................
    1967 ........................................
    1966 ........................................
    1965 ........................................
    1964 ........................................
    1963 ........................................
    1962 ........................................
    1961 ........................................

    66.0
    64.7
    64.4
    62.2
    60.9
    58.5
    56.6
    54.7
    52.7
    50.4

    67.7
    66.6
    66.5
    64.3
    63.2
    61.1
    59.2
    57.5
    55.6
    53.2

    70.4
    70.0
    70.0
    67.6
    66.7
    65.6
    64.0
    63.0
    60.9
    58.4

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1960 ........................................
    1959 ........................................
    1958 ........................................
    1957 ........................................
    1956 ........................................
    1955 ........................................
    1954 ........................................
    1953 ........................................
    1952 ........................................
    1951 ........................................

    48.7
    47.8
    46.1
    44.9
    43.5
    43.5
    41.8
    40.9
    39.5
    38.4

    51.6
    51.0
    49.1
    48.1
    46.9
    47.2
    45.4
    44.5
    43.5
    42.8

    56.6
    55.7
    53.2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1950 ........................................
    1949 ........................................
    1948 ........................................
    1947 ........................................

    37.2
    34.4
    33.7
    32.2

    41.7
    39.1
    37.8
    36.8

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION

    NATIONAL INCOME
    AND WEALTH

    136

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 9

    NATIONAL INCOME
    AND WEALTH
    Highlights

    The earliest statistics of prices were compiled by


    Samuel Blodgett Jr. in Economica: A Statistical Manual
    of the United States of America, published in 1806. It
    includes a collection of prices for 16 important commodities in five markets for the years 1785 to 1805. The
    first serious attempt to summarize price data in the
    form of index numbers was made by Horatio C.
    Burchard, Director of the Mint, in his report to the
    Secretary of the Treasury in 1881. In 1886, a special
    report containing retail prices for about 60 necessaries
    of life, was included in volume 20 of the Tenth Census.
    In 1891, a Senate Resolution led Roland P. Falkner to
    collect a voluminous body of data covering wholesale
    prices from 18401891, and retail prices for the 28month period ending September 1891. This information
    was published in the Aldrich Reports. In 1900, Falkner
    extended his indexes to 1899 with quotations for 142
    articles, collected by the Department of Labor.
    In 1902, the Department of Labor began publishing its
    Index of Wholesale Prices, which it has published continuously to the present day (though in 1978 the main
    index was renamed as the Producer Price Index). In
    addition to this series, John R. Commons published an
    Index of Wholesale Prices for 1878 to 1900 in his
    Quarterly Bulletin of the Bureau of Economic Research.
    Bradstreets Index of Wholesale Prices for about 96
    commodities was established in 1897 and included data
    beginning with 1890. Duns Index numbers of
    Wholesale Prices for about 350 commodities was published in Duns Review beginning in 1901 and extending
    back to 1860. Walter B. Smith and Arthur H. Cole computed wholesale commodity price indexes covering 1792
    to 1862 for Fluctuations in American Business,
    17901860, published by Harvard University Press in
    1935. It covered Boston, New York, and Philadelphia.
    The most extensive historical price investigations, however, were undertaken under the auspices of the
    International Scientific Committee on Price History.
    They were summarized in Wholesale Commodity Prices
    in the United States, 17001861, published by Harvard
    University Press in 1938. Wholesale price indexes were
    compiled by Frederick C. Mills for economically significant commodities. Part of this series was first published
    by the National Bureau of Economic Research for 1830

    to 1931 in Economic Tendencies in the United States.


    (Wholesale prices are compiled from prices in primary
    markets and pertain to the first major commercial
    transaction for each commodity. The quotations are
    generally selling prices of manufacturers or producers
    or the selling price on an organized exchange or at a
    central market.) The current price index was begun in
    1952 and spliced to the former series. While the 1952
    revision did not alter the conceptual definition of the
    index, it did adopt major changes in coverage and methods. The list of priced commodities was expanded from
    947 to 1,800 in 1952, 2,450 in 1970, and 10,000 in 1998.
    The index is currently known as the Producer Price
    Index, as of 1978. The base years changed from 1890 to
    1899 to 1913, 1926, 1967, and 1982. The weighting factors for each commodity represent the value of shipments for the specific commodity priced and for all others in the same group known to have similar price
    movements. The indexes are calculated as averages of
    relatives weighted by value of shipments. Changes in
    quality are factored into the index.

    The volume of information available for wholesale


    prices is not matched at the retail level, especially for
    the early years. The official Consumer Price Index
    (CPI) was initiated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics
    (BLS) in 1904 with a food index covering the years 1890
    to 1893. The Food Index was continued until the end of
    World War I when it became one component group of a
    comprehensive Cost of Living Index. Since then, the
    index has been expanded in scope, resulting in an
    improvement in the quality of data. At present the
    index is issued monthly. From 1918 to 1958, the
    National Industrial Conference Board also compiled a
    consumer price index. Consumer price data before 1913
    are extremely patchy. The only cost of living indexes
    computed from retail price data before 1913 are Wesley
    C. Mitchells Relative Cost of Living for 1860 to 1880,
    Ethel Hoovers Consumer Price Index for 1851 to 1880,
    and Rees Cost of Living Index, 18901914. These indexes were compiled from newspapers and other sources,
    and their reliability is affected by changes in quality,
    incomplete files, nominal prices, changes in consumer
    tastes, and demographic and other changes. In 1919, the
    BLS began the publication of complete indexes at semi-

    SECTION 9: NATIONAL INCOME AND WEALTH

    137

    Annual Change in Consumer Price Index, 19602002


    35
    30

    All items

    25

    Energy
    Medical care

    Percent

    20
    15
    10
    5
    0
    -5
    -10
    -15
    1960

    1965

    1970

    1975

    1980

    1985

    1990

    1995

    2002

    Year

    annual intervals. The first major revision of the


    Consumer Price Index occurred in 1940, with subsequent revisions in 1953, 1964, 1978, 1987, and 1998. The
    last revision changed the base year to 19821984. The
    BLS publishes CPIs for two population groups: CPI-W
    covering urban wage-earners and clerical workers who
    comprise about 32 percent of the population and CPI-U
    for all urban consumers, including groups excluded
    from CPI-W, such as the unemployed, self-employed,
    retirees, professionals, and managers. The current CPI is
    based on a market basket of goods and services, including food, clothing, shelter, fuels, transportation, healthcare, and so on. It is based on data collected from 85
    areas across the country (up from 40 in 1952, 46 in 1953,
    50 in 1964, and 56 in 1966), and from more than 50,000
    housing units and 23,000 establishments. The BLS publishes a national index as well as separate indexes for
    regions, area-size classes, and 26 local areas or MSAs. In
    calculating the index, each item is assigned a weight to
    account for its relative importance in consumer budgets.
    Price changes for the various items in each location are
    then averaged. Local data are then combined to obtain
    a city average.
    The percent change in the CPI from month to month or
    relative to the same month in the previous year is
    known as the inflation rate. PPI and CPI show the same
    general pattern of inflation but the latter is more
    volatile. The PPI is generally the leading indicator and

    often tends to foreshadow trends that later occur in the


    CPI. Other measures of inflation include the Index of
    Industrial Materials Prices, the Dow Jones Commodity
    Spot Price Index, Futures Price Index, Employment
    Cost Index, Hourly Compensation Index, and the Unit
    Labor Cost Index.

    Income and expenditures represent two facets of


    an economy and are commonly measured by the Gross
    National Product (GNP) and the Gross Domestic
    Product (GDP). In 1991, the Bureau of Economic
    Analysis began featuring GDP rather than GNP as the
    measure of national production because it is the more
    appropriate measure for short-term monitoring of the
    economy and also because it facilitates international
    comparisons. GDP is the primary measure of production in the System of National Accounts and is the total
    national output of goods and services valued at market
    prices. It includes purchases of goods and services by
    consumers and government, gross private domestic
    investment, and net exports of goods and services. GDP
    measures the output attributable to all labor and property supplied by U.S. residents. It differs from national
    income mainly in that GNP includes allowances for
    depreciation and for indirect business taxes. The dollar
    levels of GDP and GNP differ little but percentage
    changes may differ more significantly. The annual rates
    of growth of real GNP have been slightly less than the

    138

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    annual rates of growth of real GDP for most years. The


    short-term differences are greater and tend to fluctuate
    more. National income is the aggregate of labor and
    property earnings which arise in the current production
    of goods and services. It is the sum of employee compensation, proprietors income, rental income of persons, corporate profits, and net interest. It measures the
    total factor cost of the goods and services produced by
    the economy. Capital consumption adjustment for corporations, sole proprietorships, and partnerships is the
    difference between capital consumption claimed on
    income tax returns and capital consumption allowances
    measured at straight-line depreciation, consistent service lives, and replacement cost. Personal income is the
    current income received by persons from all sources
    minus their contributions for social insurance (including
    transfers from government, such as Social Security, but
    excluding interpersonal transfers). Disposable personal
    income (income available for spending or saving) is personal income less personal tax and nontax payments.

    In recent years, discussion has focused on the limitations of the standard measurements of national
    income and wealth. First, national product is primarily a
    measure of the output of the market economy. No
    account is taken of the value of homemakers services,
    home repairs, or noncommercial recreation. Second,
    there is no agreement on what goods should be properly considered the end products of the economy. As ordinarily constituted, national product includes all items of
    consumer expenditure, including expenditures on commuting and labor union dues, which are not end products in themselves. It also overstates the growth of the
    economy because it includes defense expenditures, as
    well as police and fire protection. Third, because of the
    techniques used in adjusting for price changes, national
    product fails to reflect fully the changes in the quality of
    goods. The limitation tends to understate economic
    growth. Fourth, aggregate figures on national product
    mask changes in the distribution of income between
    rich and poor, the age-composition of the population,
    and people-hours spent in economic activity.

    As part of a comprehensive revision in 1996, BEA


    replaced its fixed-weight (1987 dollars) index as the featured measure of real GDP with an index based on
    chain-type annual weights. Under the new system,
    changes in real output and prices are calculated as the
    average of changes based on weights for the current
    and preceding years. (Components of real output are
    weighted by price, and components of price are weighted by output.) These annual changes are chained
    (multiplied) together to form a time series that allows
    for the effects of changes in relative prices and changes
    in the composition of output over time. As of the 1999
    comprehensive revision, the new output indexes and
    new price indexes are expressed as 1996 = 100. The
    most recent comprehensive revision was in December

    of 2003, which expresses indexes as 2000 = 100, but


    these data were released too late in the production
    cycle to be used in this edition.

    The primary source of national income and product data is the Survey of Current Business, published
    monthly by the Department of Commerce. Detailed historical data appear in the two-volume National Income
    and Product Accounts of the United States. For earlier
    periods, the classic sources are Simon Kuznets National
    Income and Its Composition, 19191983; Capital in the
    American Economy: Its Formation and Financing;
    National Product Since 1869; and Enterprise and Social
    Progress; Willford I. Kings The Wealth and Income of
    the People of the United States; and Robert F. Martins
    National Income in the United States, 17991938.

    Generally speaking, national saving equals national


    income minus national consumption and is identical to
    net national investment. Although data on saving are
    imperfect for statistical and conceptual reasons, they
    throw important light on the nature of the different
    groups of savers and the various forms of savings.

    The Poverty Index was devised by the Social


    Security Administration in 1964 and revised by the
    Federal Inter-Agency Committee in 1969 and 1980. It is
    based solely on money income and does not include
    non-cash benefits, such as food stamps, Medicaid, and
    public housing. The Poverty Threshold is updated every
    year to reflect changes in the Consumer Price Index. In
    1980, it was $4,290 for one person under 65 years, $3,949
    for one person 65 years or over, and $11,269 for six persons. In 1983, the matrix was expanded to nine persons.
    In 2001, the Poverty Threshold was $9,044 for one person ($9,214 for a person under 65 years and $8,494 for a
    person 65 years or over), going up to $36,058 for nine or
    more persons.

    The GDP passed the $1 trillion mark in 1970 and


    the $10 trillion mark in 2001. In 2002, it was $10.446 trillion, the largest national GDP in the world.

    10
    Services have overtaken manufacturing as the
    largest contributor to GDP. There are four trillion-dollar sectors: Services led with $2.312 trillion; followed by
    FIRE (Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate) ($2.184 trillion), manufacturing ($1.448 trillion), and government
    ($1.345 trillion). The other sectors are retail trade
    ($970.8 billion), transportation and public utilities
    ($839.4 billion), wholesale trade ($707.7 billion), construction ($490.3 billion), agriculture ($142.1 billion),
    and mining ($123.2 billion).

    SECTION 9: NATIONAL INCOME AND WEALTH

    139

    Gross Domestic Product, 19292002


    12,000
    Current dollars

    Dollars (Billions)

    10,000

    Chained (1996) dollars

    8,000

    6,000

    4,000

    2,000

    0
    1929

    1939

    1949

    1959

    1969

    1979

    1989

    2002

    Year

    11

    The annual growth rate of GDP remained fairly


    consistent throughout the 1990s, growing by between
    3.2 percent (1991) and 6.5 percent (1997). The growth
    rate was buttressed by strong showing by consumption
    expenditures on services and gross private domestic
    investment.

    household operation ($721.8 billion), recreation ($644.6


    billion), personal business ($550.1 billion), clothing,
    accessories, and jewelry ($435.9 billion), religious and
    welfare activities ($166.4 billion), and education and
    research ($144.9 billion).

    12
    The Gross State Product is the gross market
    value of goods and services and is the state counterpart

    In 2002, saving reached $1.573 trillion, of which


    gross private saving was $1.595 trillion. Gross government saving was -$21.9 billion, of which the federal portion was -$98.0 billion.

    of the GDP. The states with the highest GSP in 2001


    were California ($1.3593 trillion), New York ($826.5 billion), and Texas ($763.9 billion). The states with the lowest GSP were North Dakota ($19.0 billion), Vermont
    ($19.1 billion), and Wyoming ($20.4 billion).

    13

    Manufacturing is strongest in California ($163.8


    billion), Texas ($93.8 billion), and Ohio ($79.6 billion),
    as of 2001. California leads across the board in all sectors and accounts for more than 13 percent of the
    national GDP.

    14

    Of personal consumption expenditures totaling


    $6.377 trillion in 2001, the largest item was medical care
    ($1.110 trillion), followed by food ($926.0 billion), housing ($866.0 billion), transportation ($750.4 billion),

    15
    16

    In 2002, total personal income in the United


    States was $8.929 trillion, of which wage and salary disbursements accounted for $5.004 trillion, personal interest income $1.079 trillion, proprietors income $756.5
    billion, personal dividend income $433.8 billion, and
    rental income $142.4 billion.

    17

    Personal income per capita, one of the key indicators of prosperity, was $30,941 in 2002. In constant
    1996 dollars, personal income per capita is up from
    $22,856 in 1990 to $27,857 in 2002. Connecticut was the
    top state in this category with a per capita income of
    $38,450, followed by New Jersey ($35,521),
    Massachusetts ($35,333), Maryland ($32,680), New York

    140

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    ($32,451), New Hampshire ($30,912), Minnesota


    ($30,675), Illinois ($30,075), Colorado ($29,959), and
    California ($29,707). The three states with the lowest
    per capita income are Mississippi ($20,142), Arkansas
    ($21,169), and West Virginia ($21,327).

    18

    In 2001, an average family spent $39,518 annually


    on household needs. Of these, the largest items were
    housing ($13,011), transportation ($7,633), food
    ($5,321), personal insurance and pensions ($3,737),
    healthcare ($2,182), entertainment ($1,953), apparel and
    services (1,743), alcoholic beverages ($349), tobacco
    products and smoking supplies ($308), and reading
    ($141).

    In 2001, the share of aggregate income received by the


    lowest fifth of families was 4.2 percent and that of the
    highest fifth was 47.7 percent. The top 5 percent of families received 14.6 percent and 21.0 percent in 1980 and
    2001, respectively, of the aggregate income. In dollar
    terms, the highest fifth of families have a mean annual
    income of $145,970 and the lowest fifth have $10,136,
    compared with $93,705 and $9,122 in 1980, respectively,
    using constant 2001 dollars.

    21
    As of 2001, 20.7 percent of Black families and
    19.4 percent of Hispanic families live below the poverty

    19
    Asian households receive the highest median
    money income ($53,635), as of 2001. Whites are next

    level, compared with 7.4 percent of White families and


    7.8 percent of Asian families. Overall 9.2 percent of
    families live below the poverty level. The states with the
    largest percentages of persons below the poverty level
    are New Mexico (18.8 percent), Louisiana (17.5 percent), and Mississippi (16.8 percent).

    ($44,517), Hispanics third ($33,565), and Blacks last


    ($29,470). The gap between Blacks and Hispanics on the
    one hand, and Asians and Whites on the other, has not
    improved since the 1970s.

    22
    The mean net worth, measured in constant 2001
    dollars, of an American family has increased from
    $255,400 in 1989 to $395,500 in 2001.

    20
    The gap between the rich and the poor widened
    in recent decades. In 1980, the share of aggregate
    income received by the lowest fifth of families was 5.3
    percent while that of the highest fifth was 41.1 percent.

    23
    The net stock of fixed tangible personal and institutional wealth in 2000 was $31.0 trillion, of which the
    private sector accounted for $22.2 trillion.

    SECTION 9: NATIONAL INCOME AND WEALTH

    141

    Table 9-1Series F 1-5. Gross Domestic Product and GDP Growth Rate, Total and Per Capita, in Current
    and Chained (1996) Dollars, 19292002
    Current price
    Year

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    Gross domestic product Gross domestic product


    (billion dollars)
    per capita (dollars)

    Chained (1996) dollars

    GDP growth rate


    (percent)

    GDP per capita growth


    rate (percent)

    Real gross domestic


    product (billion dollars)

    Real gross domestic


    product per capita
    (dollars)

    10 446.2
    10 082.2

    36 340
    35 398

    3.6
    2.6

    2.7
    1.7

    9 439.9
    9 214.5

    32 839
    32 352

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    9 824.6
    9 274.3
    8 781.5
    8 318.4
    7 813.2
    7 400.5
    7 054.3
    6 642.3
    6 318.9
    5 986.2

    34 823
    33 234
    31 830
    30 497
    28 993
    27 784
    26 799
    25 544
    24 618
    23 630

    5.9
    5.6
    5.6
    6.5
    5.6
    4.9
    6.2
    5.1
    5.6
    3.2

    4.8
    4.4
    4.4
    5.2
    4.4
    3.7
    4.9
    3.8
    4.2
    1.8

    9 191.4
    8 859.0
    8 508.9
    8 159.5
    7 813.2
    7 543.8
    7 347.7
    7 062.6
    6 880.0
    6 676.4

    32 579
    31 746
    30 842
    29 915
    28 993
    28 321
    27 914
    27 160
    26 804
    26 354

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    5 803.2
    5 489.1
    5 108.3
    4 742.5
    4 452.9
    4 213.0
    3 932.7
    3 534.9
    3 259.2
    3 131.3

    23 215
    22 188
    20 845
    19 529
    18 501
    17 664
    16 636
    15 085
    14 035
    13 614

    5.7
    7.5
    7.7
    6.5
    5.7
    7.1
    11.3
    8.5
    4.1
    12.0

    4.6
    6.4
    6.7
    5.6
    4.7
    6.2
    10.3
    7.5
    3.1
    10.9

    6 707.9
    6 591.8
    6 368.4
    6 113.3
    5 912.4
    5 717.1
    5 505.2
    5 132.3
    4 919.3
    5 021.0

    26 834
    26 646
    25 987
    25 174
    24 565
    23 970
    23 288
    21 902
    21 184
    21 830

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 795.6
    2 566.4
    2 295.9
    2 031.4
    1 823.9
    1 635.2
    1 501.0
    1 385.5
    1 240.4
    1 128.6

    12 276
    11 401
    10 313
    9 221
    8 363
    7 571
    7 017
    6 537
    5 909
    5 434

    8.9
    11.8
    13.0
    11.4
    11.5
    8.9
    8.3
    11.7
    9.9
    8.6

    7.7
    10.5
    11.8
    10.3
    10.5
    7.9
    7.3
    10.6
    8.7
    7.2

    4 900.9
    4 912.1
    4 760.6
    4 511.8
    4 311.7
    4 084.4
    4 099.0
    4 123.4
    3 898.4
    3 697.7

    21 521
    21 821
    21 383
    20 481
    19 771
    18 911
    19 163
    19 456
    18 570
    17 804

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 039.7
    985.3
    911.5
    834.1
    789.3
    720.1
    664.4
    618.7
    586.5
    545.7

    5 069
    4 860
    4 540
    4 197
    4 015
    3 705
    3 462
    3 268
    3 143
    2 970

    5.5
    8.1
    9.3
    5.7
    9.6
    8.4
    7.4
    5.5
    7.5
    3.5

    4.3
    7.0
    8.2
    4.5
    8.4
    7.0
    5.9
    4.0
    5.8
    1.8

    3 578.0
    3 571.4
    3 466.1
    3 308.3
    3 227.5
    3 028.5
    2 846.5
    2 690.4
    2 578.9
    2 432.0

    17 446
    17 616
    17 266
    16 646
    16 416
    15 583
    14 831
    14 212
    13 821
    13 236

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    527.4
    507.4
    467.9
    461.5
    438.0
    415.2
    381.1
    379.9
    358.6
    339.5

    2 918
    2 865
    2 687
    2 694
    2 603
    2 512
    2 347
    2 381
    2 285
    2 201

    3.9
    8.4
    1.4
    5.4
    5.5
    8.9
    0.3
    5.9
    5.6
    15.4

    1.8
    6.6
    -0.3
    3.5
    3.6
    7.0
    -1.4
    4.2
    3.8
    13.5

    2 376.7
    2 319.0
    2 162.8
    2 183.9
    2 141.1
    2 099.5
    1 960.5
    1 973.9
    1 887.3
    1 815.1

    13 148
    13 092
    12 420
    12 751
    12 728
    12 703
    12 073
    12 371
    12 024
    11 764

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    294.3
    267.7
    269.6
    244.4
    222.3
    223.0
    219.7
    198.4
    161.8
    126.7

    1 940
    1 794
    1 838
    1 696
    1 572
    1 594
    1 587
    1 451
    1 199
    950

    9.9
    -0.7
    10.3
    9.9
    -0.3
    1.5
    10.7
    22.6
    27.7
    25.1

    8.1
    -2.4
    8.4
    7.9
    -1.4
    0.4
    9.4
    21.0
    26.2
    23.9

    1 686.6
    1 550.9
    1 560.0
    1 495.1
    1 505.5
    1 693.3
    1 714.1
    1 583.7
    1 360.0
    1 148.8

    11 119
    10 396
    10 639
    10 374
    10 648
    12 101
    12 386
    11 582
    10 084
    8 612

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    101.3
    92.0
    86.1
    91.9
    83.7
    73.3
    66.0
    56.4
    58.8
    76.6

    767
    702
    662
    712
    653
    576
    522
    449
    471
    617

    10.1
    6.9
    -6.3
    9.8
    14.2
    11.1
    17.0
    -4.1
    -23.2
    -16.1

    9.3
    6.0
    -7.0
    9.0
    13.4
    10.3
    16.3
    -4.7
    -23.7
    -16.7

    980.7
    903.5
    835.6
    865.8
    822.5
    728.3
    668.3
    603.3
    611.8
    703.6

    7 423
    6 896
    6 429
    6 713
    6 417
    5 718
    5 284
    4 800
    4 897
    5 667

    1930 ......................................................
    1929 ......................................................

    91.3
    103.7

    741
    851

    -12.0
    ...

    -12.9
    ...

    751.5
    822.2

    6 101
    6 746

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.


    . . . = Not available.

    142

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 9-2. GDP Components in Current and Chained (1996) Dollars, 19292002
    (Billions of dollars.)
    Current dollars
    Personal consumption
    expenditures
    Year

    Gross
    domestic
    product

    Total

    Gross private domestic


    investment

    Durable
    goods

    Nondurable goods

    Services

    Total

    Fixed
    investment

    Net exports of goods and


    services

    Change
    in private
    inventories

    Government consumption expenditures and


    gross investment
    Federal

    Total

    Exports

    Imports

    Total
    Total

    National
    defense

    State and
    local

    2002 ........................ 10 446.2


    2001 ........................ 10 082.2

    7 303.7
    6 987.0

    871.9
    835.9

    2 115.0
    2 041.3

    4 316.8
    4 109.9

    1 593.2
    1 586.0

    1 589.3
    1 646.3

    3.9
    -60.3

    -423.6
    -348.9

    1 014.9
    1 034.1

    1 438.5
    1 383.0

    1 972.9
    1 858.0

    693.7
    628.1

    447.4
    399.9

    1 279.2
    1 229.9

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    9 824.6
    9 274.3
    8 781.5
    8 318.4
    7 813.2
    7 400.5
    7 054.3
    6 642.3
    6 318.9
    5 986.2

    6 683.7
    6 246.5
    5 856.0
    5 529.3
    5 237.5
    4 969.0
    4 716.4
    4 454.7
    4 209.7
    3 971.2

    803.9
    755.9
    693.2
    642.5
    616.5
    589.7
    560.8
    513.4
    470.8
    443.0

    1 972.9
    1 830.1
    1 708.5
    1 641.6
    1 574.1
    1 497.3
    1 438.0
    1 375.2
    1 322.9
    1 278.8

    3 906.9
    3 660.5
    3 454.3
    3 245.2
    3 047.0
    2 882.0
    2 717.6
    2 566.1
    2 415.9
    2 249.4

    1 755.4
    1 636.7
    1 538.7
    1 390.5
    1 242.7
    1 143.8
    1 097.1
    955.1
    866.6
    800.2

    1 691.8
    1 577.2
    1 465.6
    1 327.7
    1 212.7
    1 110.7
    1 034.6
    934.0
    851.6
    800.4

    63.6
    59.5
    73.1
    62.9
    30.0
    33.0
    62.6
    21.1
    15.0
    -0.2

    -365.5
    -249.9
    -151.7
    -89.3
    -89.0
    -84.3
    -87.1
    -60.5
    -27.9
    -20.7

    1 101.1
    989.3
    964.9
    966.4
    874.2
    818.6
    725.1
    658.0
    636.8
    601.6

    1 466.6
    1 239.2
    1 116.7
    1 055.8
    963.1
    902.8
    812.1
    718.5
    664.6
    622.3

    1 751.0
    1 641.0
    1 538.5
    1 487.9
    1 421.9
    1 372.0
    1 327.9
    1 293.0
    1 270.5
    1 235.5

    589.2
    565.0
    539.2
    538.2
    531.6
    521.5
    521.1
    527.3
    534.5
    527.4

    374.9
    364.3
    349.1
    352.6
    357.0
    350.6
    355.1
    364.9
    378.5
    384.5

    1 161.8
    1 076.0
    999.3
    949.7
    890.4
    850.5
    806.8
    765.7
    736.0
    708.1

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    5 803.2
    5 489.1
    5 108.3
    4 742.5
    4 452.9
    4 213.0
    3 932.7
    3 534.9
    3 259.2
    3 131.3

    3 831.5
    3 596.7
    3 356.6
    3 105.3
    2 895.2
    2 712.6
    2 498.4
    2 286.4
    2 079.3
    1 944.2

    467.6
    467.8
    450.2
    419.7
    401.3
    363.3
    326.9
    281.2
    240.2
    231.3

    1 246.1
    1 165.4
    1 082.9
    1 015.3
    958.5
    928.8
    884.7
    831.2
    787.6
    758.9

    2 117.8
    1 963.5
    1 823.5
    1 670.3
    1 535.4
    1 420.6
    1 286.9
    1 174.0
    1 051.5
    954.0

    861.7
    872.9
    821.1
    781.5
    747.2
    736.3
    735.5
    564.2
    516.1
    570.8

    847.2
    845.2
    802.7
    754.3
    740.7
    714.5
    670.1
    570.0
    531.0
    541.0

    14.5
    27.7
    18.5
    27.1
    6.6
    21.8
    65.4
    -5.8
    -14.9
    29.8

    -71.4
    -80.7
    -106.3
    -142.3
    -131.9
    -114.2
    -102.0
    -51.7
    -20.5
    -15.0

    557.2
    509.0
    446.9
    365.6
    320.3
    303.0
    303.1
    277.0
    282.6
    302.8

    628.6
    589.7
    553.2
    507.9
    452.2
    417.2
    405.1
    328.6
    303.2
    317.8

    1 181.4
    1 100.2
    1 036.9
    997.9
    942.3
    878.3
    800.8
    735.9
    684.4
    631.4

    508.4
    482.6
    462.6
    460.4
    438.7
    413.4
    376.4
    344.4
    312.8
    281.8

    374.9
    363.2
    355.9
    351.2
    332.2
    312.4
    283.5
    252.5
    228.3
    197.8

    673.0
    617.7
    574.3
    537.5
    503.6
    464.9
    424.4
    391.5
    371.6
    349.6

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    2 795.6
    2 566.4
    2 295.9
    2 031.4
    1 823.9
    1 635.2
    1 501.0
    1 385.5
    1 240.4
    1 128.6

    1 762.9
    1 596.3
    1 430.4
    1 278.4
    1 149.8
    1 030.3
    932.4
    852.5
    770.7
    702.4

    214.2
    214.4
    201.7
    181.2
    158.9
    133.5
    122.3
    123.5
    110.4
    96.9

    696.1
    624.4
    550.2
    497.2
    458.3
    420.7
    384.5
    343.1
    308.0
    285.5

    852.7
    757.4
    678.4
    600.0
    532.6
    476.1
    425.5
    385.9
    352.3
    320.0

    477.9
    490.6
    436.0
    361.3
    292.0
    230.2
    249.4
    244.5
    207.6
    178.2

    484.2
    472.7
    410.2
    339.0
    274.8
    236.5
    235.4
    228.6
    198.5
    169.9

    -6.3
    18.0
    25.8
    22.3
    17.1
    -6.3
    14.0
    15.9
    9.1
    8.3

    -14.9
    -24.0
    -26.1
    -23.7
    -2.3
    13.6
    -3.1
    0.6
    -8.0
    -3.0

    278.9
    228.7
    186.1
    158.8
    148.9
    136.3
    124.3
    91.8
    66.2
    59.3

    293.8
    252.7
    212.3
    182.4
    151.1
    122.7
    127.5
    91.2
    74.2
    62.3

    569.7
    503.5
    455.6
    415.3
    384.5
    361.1
    322.4
    287.9
    270.1
    251.0

    245.3
    211.6
    191.9
    176.0
    160.6
    152.1
    138.2
    127.8
    125.6
    117.6

    169.6
    146.7
    132.0
    122.6
    113.2
    107.9
    99.7
    93.9
    93.5
    89.0

    324.4
    291.8
    263.8
    239.3
    223.9
    209.0
    184.2
    160.1
    144.4
    133.5

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    1 039.7
    985.3
    911.5
    834.1
    789.3
    720.1
    664.4
    618.7
    586.5
    545.7

    648.9
    605.5
    558.7
    508.7
    481.8
    444.3
    411.7
    383.1
    363.8
    342.7

    85.0
    85.9
    80.8
    70.4
    68.3
    63.3
    56.7
    51.6
    46.9
    41.8

    272.0
    253.2
    235.7
    217.1
    208.8
    191.6
    178.7
    168.2
    162.8
    156.6

    292.0
    266.4
    242.3
    221.2
    204.7
    189.5
    176.4
    163.4
    154.1
    144.3

    152.4
    156.4
    141.2
    128.6
    131.3
    118.2
    102.1
    93.8
    88.1
    78.2

    150.4
    147.3
    132.1
    118.7
    117.7
    109.0
    97.2
    88.1
    82.0
    75.2

    2.0
    9.2
    9.1
    9.9
    13.6
    9.2
    4.8
    5.6
    6.1
    3.0

    1.2
    -1.2
    -1.3
    1.4
    1.9
    3.9
    5.5
    3.3
    2.4
    3.4

    57.0
    49.3
    45.3
    41.4
    38.9
    35.4
    33.6
    29.4
    27.4
    26.0

    55.8
    50.5
    46.6
    39.9
    37.1
    31.5
    28.1
    26.1
    25.0
    22.7

    237.1
    224.6
    212.8
    195.3
    174.3
    153.7
    145.1
    138.5
    132.2
    121.5

    116.4
    116.1
    114.0
    106.8
    94.4
    82.1
    79.8
    78.5
    76.9
    69.5

    90.9
    92.6
    92.2
    85.8
    73.8
    62.4
    61.8
    62.7
    62.8
    58.1

    120.7
    108.5
    98.8
    88.6
    79.9
    71.6
    65.3
    59.9
    55.3
    52.0

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    527.4
    507.4
    467.9
    461.5
    438.0
    415.2
    381.1
    379.9
    358.6
    339.5

    332.3
    318.1
    296.6
    287.0
    271.9
    259.0
    240.5
    233.4
    219.7
    208.6

    43.3
    42.7
    37.4
    40.0
    38.1
    38.8
    31.9
    32.7
    29.3
    29.9

    152.9
    148.5
    141.7
    137.1
    130.8
    124.7
    119.7
    117.8
    114.7
    109.2

    136.1
    127.0
    117.4
    109.9
    102.9
    95.4
    88.9
    82.9
    75.6
    69.6

    78.9
    78.5
    64.5
    70.5
    72.0
    69.0
    53.8
    56.4
    54.0
    60.2

    75.7
    74.6
    64.9
    69.7
    68.1
    64.0
    55.8
    54.5
    50.5
    50.3

    3.2
    3.9
    -0.4
    0.8
    3.9
    5.0
    -1.9
    1.9
    3.5
    9.9

    2.4
    -1.7
    0.4
    4.0
    2.3
    0.4
    0.3
    -0.8
    1.0
    2.4

    25.3
    20.6
    20.4
    23.9
    21.2
    17.6
    15.7
    15.2
    16.3
    17.0

    22.8
    22.3
    20.0
    19.9
    18.9
    17.2
    15.4
    16.0
    15.3
    14.6

    113.8
    112.5
    106.5
    100.1
    91.8
    86.8
    86.5
    90.8
    83.9
    68.3

    65.9
    67.4
    63.9
    61.3
    56.7
    54.9
    57.3
    64.4
    59.2
    45.0

    55.2
    56.0
    55.5
    53.7
    49.3
    47.0
    49.3
    56.0
    52.4
    39.3

    47.9
    45.1
    42.6
    38.8
    35.1
    31.9
    29.2
    26.4
    24.7
    23.3

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    294.3
    267.7
    269.6
    244.4
    222.3
    223.0
    219.7
    198.4
    161.8
    126.7

    192.7
    178.8
    175.4
    162.3
    144.2
    119.8
    108.5
    99.7
    88.9
    81.0

    30.7
    25.1
    22.9
    20.4
    15.8
    8.0
    6.7
    6.5
    6.9
    9.7

    98.2
    94.9
    96.6
    90.9
    82.7
    71.9
    64.3
    58.6
    50.8
    42.9

    63.7
    58.9
    55.9
    51.0
    45.8
    40.0
    37.4
    34.6
    31.3
    28.5

    54.1
    36.9
    48.1
    35.0
    31.1
    10.8
    7.8
    6.1
    10.4
    18.1

    48.3
    39.6
    42.4
    35.5
    25.1
    12.3
    8.7
    6.9
    8.5
    13.8

    5.8
    -2.7
    5.7
    -0.6
    6.0
    -1.5
    -0.9
    -0.7
    1.9
    4.3

    0.7
    5.2
    5.4
    10.8
    7.1
    -0.9
    -2.2
    -2.4
    -0.3
    1.0

    12.3
    14.4
    15.5
    18.7
    14.1
    6.7
    4.8
    3.9
    4.3
    5.4

    11.6
    9.2
    10.1
    7.9
    7.0
    7.5
    6.9
    6.3
    4.6
    4.4

    46.9
    46.8
    40.6
    36.4
    39.8
    93.2
    105.5
    94.9
    62.8
    26.6

    26.0
    27.6
    24.2
    22.6
    29.0
    84.2
    97.0
    86.5
    54.1
    17.9

    19.6
    19.9
    18.4
    18.2
    25.3
    82.1
    94.6
    84.2
    51.2
    14.3

    20.9
    19.2
    16.5
    13.9
    10.8
    9.0
    8.5
    8.5
    8.7
    8.7

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    101.3
    92.0
    86.1
    91.9
    83.7
    73.3
    66.0
    56.4
    58.8
    76.6

    71.2
    67.2
    64.2
    66.8
    62.2
    55.9
    51.5
    45.9
    48.7
    60.7

    7.8
    6.7
    5.7
    6.9
    6.3
    5.1
    4.2
    3.5
    3.6
    5.5

    37.0
    35.1
    34.0
    35.2
    32.9
    29.3
    26.7
    22.3
    22.7
    29.0

    26.4
    25.4
    24.6
    24.7
    23.0
    21.5
    20.5
    20.2
    22.4
    26.3

    13.6
    9.3
    7.1
    12.2
    8.6
    6.7
    3.7
    1.7
    1.3
    5.9

    11.2
    9.1
    7.7
    9.5
    7.5
    5.6
    4.3
    3.1
    3.6
    7.0

    2.4
    0.2
    -0.6
    2.6
    1.2
    1.1
    -0.6
    -1.4
    -2.4
    -1.1

    1.4
    0.8
    0.9
    0.0
    -0.2
    -0.2
    0.3
    0.1
    0.0
    0.0

    4.8
    3.9
    3.8
    4.0
    3.0
    2.8
    2.6
    2.0
    2.0
    2.9

    3.4
    3.1
    2.8
    4.0
    3.2
    3.0
    2.2
    1.9
    1.9
    2.9

    15.1
    14.7
    13.8
    12.8
    13.1
    10.9
    10.6
    8.7
    8.8
    9.9

    6.4
    5.9
    5.6
    5.0
    5.5
    3.3
    3.2
    2.3
    1.8
    1.8

    2.5
    1.5
    1.4
    1.3
    1.2
    1.0
    0.8
    0.9
    0.9
    0.9

    8.7
    8.9
    8.2
    7.8
    7.6
    7.6
    7.3
    6.5
    7.0
    8.1

    1930 ........................
    1929 ........................

    91.3
    103.7

    70.2
    77.5

    7.2
    9.2

    34.0
    37.7

    29.0
    30.5

    10.8
    16.5

    11.0
    14.9

    -0.2
    1.5

    0.3
    0.4

    4.4
    5.9

    4.1
    5.6

    10.0
    9.4

    1.8
    1.7

    0.9
    0.9

    8.2
    7.7

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

    SECTION 9: NATIONAL INCOME AND WEALTH

    143

    Table 9-2. GDP Components in Current and Chained (1996) Dollars, 19292002Continued
    (Billions of dollars.)
    Chained (1996) dollars
    Personal consumption
    expenditures
    Year

    Gross
    domestic
    product

    Total

    Gross private domestic


    investment

    Durable
    goods

    Nondurable goods

    Services

    Total

    Fixed
    investment

    Net exports of goods and


    services

    Change
    in private
    inventories

    Government consumption expenditures and


    gross investment
    Federal

    Total

    Exports

    Imports

    Total
    Total

    National
    defense

    State and
    local

    2002 ........................
    2001 ........................

    9 439.9
    9 214.5

    6 576.0
    6 377.2

    999.9
    931.9

    1 929.5
    1 869.8

    3 675.6
    3 594.9

    1 589.6
    1 574.6

    1 577.3
    1 627.4

    5.2
    -61.4

    -488.5
    -415.9

    1 058.8
    1 076.1

    1 547.4
    1 492.0

    1 712.8
    1 640.4

    613.3
    570.6

    400.0
    366.0

    1 099.7
    1 069.4

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    9 191.4
    8 859.0
    8 508.9
    8 159.5
    7 813.2
    7 543.8
    7 347.7
    7 062.6
    6 880.0
    6 676.4

    6 223.9
    5 964.5
    5 683.7
    5 423.9
    5 237.5
    5 075.6
    4 928.1
    4 748.9
    4 594.5
    4 466.6

    ...
    ...
    ...
    657.3
    616.5
    583.5
    557.7
    518.3
    479.0
    454.9

    ...
    ...
    ...
    1 619.9
    1 574.1
    1 529.0
    1 485.1
    1 430.3
    1 389.7
    1 364.0

    ...
    ...
    ...
    3 147.0
    3 047.0
    2 963.4
    2 886.2
    2 802.5
    2 729.7
    2 651.8

    1 762.9
    1 660.5
    1 558.0
    1 393.3
    1 242.7
    1 140.6
    1 107.0
    977.9
    899.8
    829.5

    1 696.6
    1 596.7
    1 481.0
    1 328.6
    1 212.7
    1 109.2
    1 045.9
    958.4
    886.5
    832.5

    64.7
    62.1
    76.6
    63.8
    30.0
    30.4
    66.8
    20.0
    17.1
    -1.0

    -398.8
    -320.5
    -221.1
    -113.3
    -88.9
    -78.4
    -86.6
    -59.1
    -19.8
    -15.8

    1 137.2
    1 036.3
    1 002.4
    981.5
    874.2
    808.2
    732.8
    672.7
    651.0
    613.2

    1 536.0
    1 356.8
    1 223.5
    1 094.8
    963.1
    886.6
    819.4
    731.8
    670.8
    629.0

    1 582.5
    1 540.6
    1 483.3
    1 455.4
    1 421.9
    1 406.4
    1 400.1
    1 398.8
    1 410.0
    1 403.4

    544.4
    537.7
    525.4
    529.6
    531.6
    536.5
    551.3
    572.0
    595.1
    604.9

    348.7
    348.8
    341.6
    347.7
    357.0
    361.9
    375.9
    394.7
    417.1
    438.4

    1 037.4
    1 002.4
    957.7
    925.8
    890.4
    869.9
    848.9
    827.0
    815.3
    798.9

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    6 707.9
    6 591.8
    6 368.4
    6 113.3
    5 912.4
    5 717.1
    5 505.2
    5 132.3
    4 919.3
    5 021.0

    4 474.5
    4 393.7
    4 279.5
    4 113.4
    3 981.2
    3 820.9
    3 640.6
    3 454.3
    3 275.5
    3 236.0

    487.1
    491.7
    481.5
    455.2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 369.6
    1 351.0
    1 315.1
    1 274.5
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 616.2
    2 546.0
    2 477.2
    2 379.3
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    907.3
    936.5
    902.8
    879.3
    857.7
    863.4
    871.5
    673.7
    615.2
    715.6

    894.6
    911.2
    887.1
    856.0
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    16.5
    29.6
    18.4
    29.6
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    -56.5
    -79.4
    -112.1
    -156.2
    -165.1
    -149.1
    -128.4
    -63.8
    -14.6
    5.2

    575.7
    529.4
    473.5
    408.0
    366.8
    341.6
    332.6
    306.9
    314.6
    338.6

    632.2
    608.8
    585.6
    564.2
    531.9
    490.7
    461.0
    370.7
    329.2
    333.4

    1 387.3
    1 343.5
    1 307.5
    1 292.5
    1 255.2
    1 190.5
    1 118.4
    1 081.0
    1 046.0
    1 030.0

    606.8
    594.7
    586.9
    597.8
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    443.2
    443.3
    446.8
    450.2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    781.1
    749.5
    721.4
    695.6
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    4 900.9
    4 912.1
    4 760.6
    4 511.8
    4 311.7
    4 084.4
    4 099.0
    4 123.4
    3 898.4
    3 697.7

    3 193.0
    3 203.2
    3 124.7
    2 992.1
    2 868.9
    2 710.9
    2 653.7
    2 675.9
    2 550.5
    2 405.2

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    655.3
    735.4
    713.0
    639.4
    555.5
    462.2
    561.7
    606.5
    543.0
    485.8

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    10.0
    -45.5
    -66.4
    -65.3
    -40.4
    -7.5
    -35.6
    -62.0
    -87.8
    -74.6

    334.8
    302.4
    275.9
    249.7
    243.6
    230.0
    231.6
    211.4
    173.5
    160.4

    324.8
    347.9
    342.3
    315.0
    284.0
    237.5
    267.2
    273.4
    261.3
    235.0

    1 020.9
    1 001.1
    982.2
    952.7
    943.3
    942.5
    924.8
    908.3
    914.9
    913.8

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    3 578.0
    3 571.4
    3 466.1
    3 308.3
    3 227.5
    3 028.5
    2 846.5
    2 690.4
    2 578.9
    2 432.0

    2 317.5
    2 264.8
    2 184.2
    2 066.2
    2 006.1
    1 897.6
    1 784.8
    1 684.0
    1 617.3
    1 541.2

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    436.2
    466.9
    441.3
    417.2
    437.3
    402.0
    352.6
    325.7
    305.3
    271.0

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    -63.8
    -70.2
    -66.1
    -49.2
    -39.9
    -26.4
    -15.0
    -22.0
    -25.8
    -18.4

    159.3
    143.7
    136.3
    127.0
    124.3
    116.5
    114.2
    100.7
    93.7
    88.9

    223.1
    213.9
    202.4
    176.2
    164.2
    142.9
    129.2
    122.7
    119.5
    107.3

    931.1
    952.5
    956.6
    927.1
    862.1
    791.1
    767.1
    752.4
    735.0
    693.2

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    2 376.7
    2 319.0
    2 162.8
    2 183.9
    2 141.1
    2 099.5
    1 960.5
    1 973.9
    1 887.3
    1 815.1

    1 510.8
    1 470.7
    1 393.0
    1 381.8
    1 348.8
    1 310.4
    1 221.9
    1 197.2
    1 142.4
    1 107.1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    272.8
    272.9
    226.5
    247.4
    258.6
    262.1
    210.8
    221.0
    211.1
    233.2

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    -20.5
    -34.2
    -24.6
    -9.0
    -11.9
    -16.1
    -13.6
    -20.2
    -9.5
    -1.0

    87.5
    72.4
    71.8
    83.1
    76.5
    65.6
    59.3
    56.5
    60.6
    63.5

    108.0
    106.6
    96.4
    92.1
    88.4
    81.7
    72.9
    76.7
    70.1
    64.5

    661.3
    661.4
    626.2
    606.7
    580.8
    580.4
    602.9
    647.5
    605.1
    500.0

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    1 686.6
    1 550.9
    1 560.0
    1 495.1
    1 505.5
    1 693.3
    1 714.1
    1 583.7
    1 360.0
    1 148.8

    1 090.9
    1 025.3
    998.1
    976.4
    956.9
    851.8
    801.7
    779.1
    758.3
    776.7

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    232.5
    164.3
    215.3
    168.6
    175.0
    69.0
    52.2
    42.3
    71.6
    135.4

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    -10.2
    6.7
    5.4
    29.3
    17.4
    -28.7
    -34.1
    -33.1
    -18.1
    -9.8

    51.8
    59.2
    59.8
    75.9
    66.5
    30.5
    21.6
    20.1
    24.1
    36.7

    62.0
    52.5
    54.4
    46.6
    49.1
    59.2
    55.7
    53.2
    42.2
    46.5

    367.4
    367.3
    328.9
    307.1
    359.7
    1 041.0
    1 195.6
    1 059.9
    711.1
    303.0

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    980.7
    903.5
    835.6
    865.8
    822.5
    728.3
    668.3
    603.3
    611.8
    703.6

    724.9
    689.0
    652.6
    663.5
    639.6
    580.6
    546.9
    511.0
    523.0
    574.3

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    110.9
    79.6
    61.9
    93.6
    74.9
    58.4
    31.6
    17.5
    11.8
    39.2

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    -2.1
    -5.5
    -5.4
    -15.1
    -16.3
    -18.0
    -9.5
    -11.0
    -9.9
    -10.5

    35.7
    31.4
    29.8
    30.1
    23.9
    22.7
    21.5
    19.4
    19.3
    24.6

    37.8
    36.9
    35.2
    45.2
    40.2
    40.7
    31.0
    30.4
    29.2
    35.1

    182.4
    179.7
    164.6
    153.2
    158.9
    137.0
    133.0
    118.0
    122.4
    126.6

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1930 ........................
    1929 ........................

    751.5
    822.2

    592.3
    625.7

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    62.5
    93.6

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    -10.7
    -10.5

    29.6
    35.8

    40.3
    46.3

    121.3
    110.1

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.


    . . . = Not available.

    144

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 9-3. Gross State Product in Current and Chained (1996) Dollars, 19772001
    (Billions of dollars.)
    Year
    Current Dollars
    2001 .........................................

    United
    States

    Alabama

    Alaska

    Arizona

    Arkansas

    California

    Colorado

    Connecticut

    Delaware

    District of
    Columbia

    Florida

    Georgia

    Hawaii

    10 137.2

    121.5

    28.6

    160.7

    67.9

    1 359.3

    173.8

    166.2

    40.5

    64.5

    491.5

    299.9

    43.7

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    9 891.2
    9 251.5
    8 750.2
    8 225.0
    7 715.9
    7 309.5
    6 930.8
    6 513.0
    6 209.1
    5 895.4

    119.3
    115.1
    109.7
    104.2
    99.3
    95.5
    89.7
    84.5
    81.1
    76.0

    28.1
    25.6
    24.7
    26.6
    25.8
    24.8
    23.1
    23.0
    22.4
    22.0

    153.5
    144.6
    132.9
    122.3
    112.9
    104.6
    95.7
    85.5
    79.0
    71.9

    66.8
    65.0
    61.3
    59.1
    56.8
    53.8
    50.9
    47.2
    44.6
    41.3

    1 330.0
    1 213.4
    1 125.3
    1 045.3
    973.4
    925.9
    879.0
    847.9
    831.6
    814.7

    169.3
    152.3
    139.9
    129.6
    117.1
    109.0
    101.5
    93.6
    85.8
    79.4

    161.9
    149.0
    142.7
    135.0
    124.2
    118.6
    112.4
    107.9
    103.8
    100.4

    37.2
    34.7
    32.7
    31.3
    29.0
    27.6
    25.1
    23.8
    23.1
    22.2

    60.0
    55.4
    52.1
    50.5
    48.5
    48.4
    47.5
    46.6
    44.5
    42.2

    471.6
    442.6
    415.6
    389.5
    366.3
    344.8
    325.6
    305.0
    285.5
    269.8

    295.5
    276.5
    254.9
    235.7
    219.5
    203.5
    187.6
    172.2
    160.8
    148.7

    42.5
    40.7
    39.4
    38.5
    37.5
    37.2
    36.8
    36.3
    35.5
    34.0

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    5 706.7
    5 411.4
    5 092.2
    4 683.2
    4 355.9
    4 151.4
    3 866.3
    3 446.6
    3 217.6
    3 069.8

    71.6
    68.3
    65.8
    60.8
    56.1
    53.6
    49.8
    45.1
    41.4
    40.1

    24.8
    22.9
    21.4
    22.0
    18.6
    25.9
    23.6
    22.3
    23.1
    21.5

    68.9
    66.0
    63.4
    59.1
    54.6
    49.3
    44.5
    38.3
    34.3
    33.4

    38.4
    36.8
    34.6
    32.3
    30.4
    29.1
    28.3
    25.0
    23.2
    22.6

    798.9
    743.5
    685.1
    624.6
    567.4
    529.4
    484.5
    426.0
    393.2
    368.5

    74.7
    70.0
    66.7
    63.4
    59.9
    59.1
    56.0
    50.5
    47.7
    44.1

    98.9
    95.0
    89.7
    81.4
    72.8
    66.6
    61.2
    53.9
    49.0
    45.1

    20.3
    19.2
    17.1
    15.8
    14.1
    13.0
    11.7
    10.4
    9.3
    8.7

    40.4
    38.2
    35.6
    32.4
    30.0
    28.4
    26.4
    24.3
    22.6
    21.4

    258.3
    244.6
    227.2
    207.3
    188.1
    173.5
    158.8
    139.8
    125.6
    116.0

    141.4
    135.0
    127.7
    117.9
    108.9
    99.3
    89.5
    77.4
    69.1
    64.3

    32.3
    28.8
    26.0
    23.4
    21.5
    20.0
    18.6
    16.9
    15.5
    14.5

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    2 731.6
    2 503.9
    2 249.0
    1 985.7

    36.1
    33.6
    30.4
    26.5

    15.0
    10.8
    9.1
    7.5

    30.3
    27.2
    22.8
    19.2

    20.1
    19.0
    17.3
    14.9

    328.2
    295.1
    263.6
    229.5

    38.4
    34.0
    29.4
    25.2

    40.6
    36.7
    33.0
    29.5

    7.8
    7.2
    6.6
    6.0

    19.6
    18.1
    16.6
    15.2

    101.4
    88.8
    77.5
    66.4

    56.9
    52.2
    46.8
    41.2

    13.4
    12.0
    10.5
    9.4

    Chained (1996) Dollars


    2001 .........................................

    9 335.4

    112.0

    24.5

    153.7

    63.7

    1 260.0

    159.3

    153.0

    35.7

    56.1

    446.5

    273.9

    38.8

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    9 298.2
    8 882.6
    8 502.7
    8 093.4
    7 715.9
    7 434.0
    7 203.0
    6 918.4
    6 774.5
    6 615.7

    112.3
    110.4
    106.4
    102.6
    99.3
    96.6
    93.6
    90.2
    88.9
    85.5

    24.7
    25.1
    24.9
    26.1
    25.8
    26.4
    25.3
    25.4
    25.1
    25.1

    148.8
    141.4
    130.7
    120.8
    112.9
    105.4
    98.3
    89.9
    85.3
    79.7

    64.0
    63.2
    60.0
    58.6
    56.8
    54.7
    52.9
    50.2
    48.7
    46.2

    1 258.4
    1 169.8
    1 096.1
    1 029.2
    973.4
    941.9
    911.2
    898.8
    906.2
    912.7

    158.2
    145.5
    135.6
    127.3
    117.1
    111.2
    105.9
    99.8
    94.0
    89.4

    152.0
    142.7
    138.2
    132.6
    124.2
    120.8
    117.5
    115.7
    114.8
    114.6

    33.4
    32.0
    30.6
    30.1
    29.0
    28.2
    26.7
    26.0
    25.6
    25.8

    54.1
    51.3
    49.6
    49.3
    48.5
    49.7
    50.7
    51.2
    50.6
    49.9

    438.6
    420.2
    400.9
    382.3
    366.3
    350.6
    339.1
    325.8
    314.1
    305.8

    274.9
    261.5
    246.0
    231.8
    219.5
    206.4
    195.3
    183.2
    175.6
    167.2

    38.9
    38.0
    37.6
    37.7
    37.5
    37.9
    38.3
    38.8
    39.1
    38.5

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    6 630.7
    6 538.6
    6 386.1
    6 072.8
    5 816.7

    83.2
    82.0
    81.9
    78.4
    74.4

    27.8
    28.0
    27.6
    27.9
    23.9

    79.0
    78.3
    77.9
    75.0
    71.9

    44.1
    43.8
    42.7
    41.3
    39.9

    927.6
    899.1
    859.0
    809.8
    759.5

    87.0
    84.8
    83.8
    82.0
    80.0

    117.3
    117.4
    115.3
    108.2
    99.7

    25.0
    24.4
    22.6
    21.8
    20.2

    50.9
    50.1
    48.7
    46.5
    44.9

    303.7
    298.9
    287.8
    271.7
    256.0

    164.8
    162.9
    159.5
    152.8
    145.8

    38.1
    35.3
    33.0
    30.9
    29.5

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

    SECTION 9: NATIONAL INCOME AND WEALTH

    145

    Table 9-3. Gross State Product in Current and Chained (1996) Dollars, 19772001Continued
    (Billions of dollars.)
    Year

    Idaho

    Illinois

    Indiana

    Iowa

    Kansas

    Kentucky

    Louisiana

    Maine

    Maryland

    Massachusetts

    Michigan

    Minnesota Mississippi

    Current Dollars
    2001 .........................................

    36.9

    475.5

    189.9

    90.9

    87.2

    120.3

    148.7

    37.4

    195.0

    287.8

    320.5

    188.1

    67.1

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    36.8
    34.6
    31.0
    29.4
    28.1
    27.2
    24.9
    22.8
    20.4
    18.7

    466.3
    440.9
    423.2
    400.3
    375.9
    359.5
    342.3
    317.2
    303.2
    285.7

    189.8
    181.3
    176.1
    163.0
    155.1
    148.4
    141.7
    131.5
    123.6
    114.2

    89.7
    85.5
    83.1
    81.7
    77.0
    71.7
    69.2
    62.8
    61.1
    57.7

    84.5
    80.2
    76.6
    73.0
    68.2
    64.1
    62.2
    58.4
    56.3
    53.6

    117.2
    112.4
    107.6
    101.5
    95.5
    91.5
    86.9
    80.9
    76.7
    70.8

    145.0
    133.9
    122.6
    123.5
    116.9
    112.2
    104.1
    95.6
    91.2
    95.9

    36.3
    34.1
    32.2
    30.4
    28.9
    28.0
    26.5
    25.4
    24.4
    23.6

    185.0
    173.8
    164.1
    154.6
    145.1
    139.5
    134.0
    126.4
    120.7
    117.6

    283.1
    257.8
    241.4
    223.6
    210.1
    197.5
    188.0
    175.7
    167.3
    161.5

    323.7
    312.1
    293.2
    279.5
    265.1
    254.2
    246.8
    222.9
    206.7
    194.2

    186.1
    171.5
    163.0
    152.3
    141.5
    131.8
    125.0
    115.4
    111.9
    103.9

    66.2
    64.2
    61.7
    58.7
    56.6
    54.6
    51.4
    47.4
    44.2
    41.3

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    17.7
    16.7
    15.0
    13.8
    13.1
    13.0
    12.5
    11.6
    10.5
    10.5

    275.8
    263.5
    250.3
    231.8
    217.9
    205.7
    192.7
    172.1
    163.6
    160.0

    110.8
    106.7
    99.2
    92.0
    85.7
    81.1
    77.4
    67.9
    63.5
    63.8

    55.8
    52.7
    48.8
    45.2
    43.1
    42.4
    41.0
    36.7
    36.6
    37.7

    51.5
    48.3
    46.3
    44.0
    41.3
    40.5
    38.1
    34.8
    33.0
    31.6

    67.9
    65.1
    61.2
    56.8
    53.5
    51.7
    49.0
    43.3
    41.6
    40.6

    94.9
    86.6
    83.7
    77.0
    76.2
    85.1
    83.8
    77.8
    79.1
    77.7

    23.5
    23.1
    21.7
    19.4
    17.5
    16.1
    14.9
    13.1
    12.1
    11.2

    115.0
    109.6
    102.7
    92.5
    84.2
    77.0
    69.8
    61.9
    56.0
    52.8

    160.0
    159.2
    152.3
    139.6
    126.1
    115.1
    104.0
    90.9
    81.7
    76.0

    190.8
    186.9
    178.2
    167.6
    161.1
    151.3
    141.0
    125.0
    113.2
    113.3

    100.4
    96.2
    90.1
    84.0
    77.9
    74.4
    69.9
    60.6
    56.4
    54.6

    39.2
    37.7
    36.0
    33.8
    31.4
    30.7
    29.2
    26.2
    24.9
    24.2

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    9.8
    9.2
    8.3
    7.1

    146.5
    140.3
    128.7
    115.4

    58.4
    57.7
    53.3
    47.4

    34.0
    32.8
    30.1
    26.3

    28.0
    26.2
    22.6
    20.3

    36.7
    35.3
    32.0
    28.5

    64.0
    52.1
    45.3
    39.4

    10.2
    9.3
    8.4
    7.6

    47.3
    43.5
    39.4
    35.5

    68.2
    61.6
    55.6
    49.7

    102.9
    104.2
    98.1
    88.1

    49.7
    46.4
    41.1
    36.3

    21.5
    20.2
    17.9
    16.0

    Chained (1996) Dollars


    2001 .........................................

    36.8

    441.8

    178.2

    87.0

    80.7

    110.1

    125.3

    34.0

    175.3

    265.7

    297.5

    175.4

    61.5

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    37.1
    34.7
    31.0
    29.3
    28.1
    27.4
    25.3
    23.7
    21.8
    20.5

    441.9
    424.9
    411.4
    394.5
    375.9
    364.1
    353.3
    334.7
    328.5
    317.9

    181.5
    175.4
    171.7
    161.1
    155.1
    150.0
    145.9
    138.5
    133.6
    126.6

    87.5
    84.4
    82.3
    81.5
    77.0
    73.1
    71.6
    66.3
    66.1
    63.9

    79.9
    77.5
    74.8
    72.1
    68.2
    65.6
    65.0
    62.4
    61.9
    60.5

    109.5
    106.6
    104.4
    100.2
    95.5
    92.8
    89.6
    84.5
    81.9
    77.9

    125.7
    129.5
    120.8
    120.7
    116.9
    116.5
    110.5
    102.8
    100.7
    107.7

    33.7
    32.4
    31.1
    30.0
    28.9
    28.3
    27.8
    27.3
    27.0
    27.0

    170.7
    164.0
    157.6
    151.5
    145.1
    142.1
    140.3
    136.1
    133.9
    134.5

    266.8
    247.4
    234.0
    219.7
    210.1
    200.5
    195.2
    186.7
    182.8
    181.9

    306.4
    299.5
    285.4
    276.0
    265.1
    258.3
    255.8
    237.2
    226.5
    219.8

    176.8
    165.6
    158.9
    150.4
    141.5
    133.8
    130.2
    123.1
    122.7
    116.9

    62.3
    61.8
    59.9
    57.8
    56.6
    55.4
    53.0
    49.9
    48.0
    45.9

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    20.0
    19.4
    18.1
    17.3
    16.9

    317.9
    314.6
    309.4
    296.4
    285.9

    127.0
    126.2
    121.8
    116.8
    111.5

    63.4
    61.8
    59.4
    56.9
    55.7

    59.8
    58.5
    58.1
    57.0
    54.8

    77.5
    76.8
    74.9
    71.8
    69.1

    108.0
    105.1
    106.8
    100.9
    101.4

    27.8
    28.3
    27.6
    25.6
    24.0

    137.1
    135.8
    132.1
    123.4
    116.6

    187.2
    193.8
    192.3
    181.9
    169.3

    225.1
    228.2
    225.7
    218.1
    215.1

    116.6
    115.9
    112.5
    108.7
    103.6

    44.9
    44.9
    44.6
    43.4
    41.0

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

    146

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 9-3. Gross State Product in Current and Chained (1996) Dollars, 19772001Continued
    (Billions of dollars.)
    Year

    Missouri

    Montana

    Nebraska

    Nevada

    New
    Hampshire

    New
    Jersey

    New
    Mexico

    New York

    North
    Carolina

    North
    Dakota

    Ohio

    Oklahoma

    Oregon

    Current Dollars
    2001 .........................................

    181.5

    22.6

    57.0

    79.2

    47.2

    365.4

    55.4

    826.5

    275.6

    19.0

    373.7

    93.9

    120.1

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    177.1
    168.9
    163.4
    155.8
    146.5
    139.5
    130.0
    119.7
    116.0
    110.4

    21.7
    20.6
    20.0
    18.9
    18.1
    17.5
    17.0
    16.2
    15.1
    14.1

    55.6
    53.5
    51.3
    49.3
    47.8
    44.1
    42.0
    38.7
    37.6
    35.5

    75.5
    69.5
    63.8
    59.2
    54.6
    49.4
    45.0
    39.9
    36.5
    33.7

    47.4
    43.4
    40.5
    37.5
    35.1
    32.4
    29.4
    27.5
    26.4
    24.9

    357.5
    332.2
    316.9
    300.0
    285.7
    271.4
    258.1
    246.7
    235.5
    224.3

    52.6
    49.2
    48.5
    47.8
    44.1
    42.2
    41.8
    37.1
    32.9
    30.9

    798.4
    743.9
    718.7
    663.4
    633.8
    597.6
    575.6
    551.2
    535.3
    504.7

    272.9
    260.6
    241.2
    221.6
    204.3
    194.6
    182.2
    168.8
    160.0
    147.5

    18.6
    17.1
    17.1
    15.9
    15.9
    14.5
    13.9
    12.9
    12.7
    11.6

    370.6
    357.4
    346.6
    326.5
    306.3
    295.7
    280.9
    260.9
    250.4
    235.9

    90.9
    85.4
    82.2
    79.4
    74.9
    70.0
    67.0
    65.0
    62.0
    59.7

    121.4
    110.4
    102.9
    97.5
    91.7
    81.1
    75.1
    69.8
    64.1
    60.6

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    104.8
    102.7
    97.1
    90.4
    85.0
    79.5
    76.0
    66.4
    61.6
    58.8

    13.4
    12.8
    11.9
    11.6
    11.2
    11.2
    11.2
    10.6
    10.3
    10.3

    33.5
    31.2
    29.0
    26.8
    25.8
    25.4
    24.1
    21.2
    20.6
    20.4

    31.6
    28.5
    25.4
    22.2
    20.0
    18.4
    16.9
    15.3
    14.2
    13.6

    23.9
    24.1
    23.3
    21.5
    18.7
    16.8
    14.9
    12.7
    11.4
    10.6

    217.0
    208.4
    197.6
    176.2
    159.7
    147.0
    134.6
    119.1
    107.3
    100.6

    27.2
    25.5
    24.0
    23.2
    22.5
    23.5
    22.3
    20.6
    19.9
    19.1

    502.2
    479.6
    462.5
    425.6
    393.6
    366.7
    339.2
    303.5
    280.3
    259.4

    141.1
    135.9
    126.2
    114.7
    106.3
    98.2
    89.8
    78.4
    69.7
    66.7

    11.5
    10.6
    9.7
    10.2
    9.8
    10.8
    10.8
    10.0
    10.0
    9.9

    230.0
    219.3
    207.4
    193.7
    184.0
    175.9
    165.0
    145.9
    136.3
    134.9

    57.8
    54.7
    52.8
    48.9
    49.0
    53.4
    51.9
    48.0
    49.5
    45.5

    57.8
    53.5
    49.7
    45.0
    42.1
    40.0
    37.9
    33.9
    31.9
    32.1

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    53.7
    51.8
    47.1
    41.8

    9.0
    8.2
    7.5
    6.4

    17.9
    17.1
    15.5
    13.5

    12.1
    10.6
    9.1
    7.5

    9.4
    8.5
    7.5
    6.4

    90.5
    82.7
    74.2
    66.8

    16.2
    13.6
    11.9
    10.4

    234.3
    215.4
    197.4
    178.0

    59.8
    55.3
    50.4
    44.1

    7.6
    7.3
    6.5
    5.3

    123.7
    119.2
    109.1
    98.1

    37.7
    31.6
    27.1
    23.9

    30.7
    29.1
    25.9
    22.3

    Chained (1996) Dollars


    2001 .........................................

    167.4

    20.7

    53.6

    69.5

    45.3

    332.9

    54.9

    766.5

    246.3

    17.8

    349.3

    85.9

    124.8

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    166.7
    161.4
    158.1
    153.4
    146.5
    141.9
    135.0
    127.6
    127.2
    124.6

    20.5
    19.9
    19.4
    18.6
    18.1
    17.9
    17.7
    17.2
    16.6
    15.9

    53.5
    52.0
    50.3
    48.9
    47.8
    45.2
    44.0
    41.4
    41.3
    40.0

    68.2
    64.4
    60.5
    57.5
    54.6
    50.1
    47.0
    43.0
    40.3
    38.1

    46.1
    42.5
    40.0
    37.1
    35.1
    32.6
    30.1
    28.8
    28.4
    27.5

    332.9
    316.0
    304.9
    294.1
    285.7
    275.0
    268.0
    262.7
    258.2
    252.6

    52.4
    50.3
    49.6
    47.6
    44.1
    42.7
    42.2
    37.8
    34.1
    32.7

    756.6
    717.7
    695.2
    651.1
    633.8
    609.1
    600.7
    588.0
    586.8
    572.6

    249.8
    242.9
    232.1
    218.1
    204.3
    197.5
    188.6
    176.2
    170.3
    162.7

    17.8
    16.8
    16.9
    15.8
    15.9
    15.0
    14.6
    13.8
    14.0
    13.1

    352.7
    345.0
    337.7
    322.1
    306.3
    299.2
    290.1
    276.0
    271.8
    263.2

    85.1
    83.0
    80.8
    78.1
    74.9
    71.8
    70.1
    69.2
    67.6
    66.6

    124.8
    111.4
    103.2
    97.1
    91.7
    81.3
    76.6
    73.0
    69.4
    67.6

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    122.8
    124.5
    122.1
    117.5
    113.7

    15.5
    15.2
    14.6
    14.8
    14.8

    38.6
    37.1
    35.9
    34.3
    34.1

    37.1
    34.4
    31.8
    29.0
    27.5

    27.3
    28.6
    28.7
    27.3
    24.4

    253.6
    253.2
    249.0
    230.9
    216.0

    29.4
    28.9
    28.3
    27.9
    28.0

    593.4
    589.7
    589.1
    560.7
    535.2

    162.6
    162.9
    157.7
    149.0
    142.9

    13.2
    12.7
    12.1
    13.0
    12.9

    265.9
    262.6
    257.8
    249.0
    241.9

    66.1
    65.6
    65.9
    62.5
    64.1

    66.5
    63.7
    61.6
    57.9
    56.1

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

    SECTION 9: NATIONAL INCOME AND WEALTH

    147

    Table 9-3. Gross State Product in Current and Chained (1996) Dollars, 19772001Continued
    (Billions of dollars.)
    Year

    Pennsylvania

    Rhode
    Island

    South
    Carolina

    South
    Dakota

    Tennessee

    Texas

    Utah

    Vermont

    Virginia

    Washington

    West
    Virginia

    Wisconsin

    Wyoming

    Current Dollars
    2001 .........................................

    408.4

    36.9

    115.2

    24.3

    182.5

    763.9

    70.4

    19.1

    273.1

    223.0

    42.4

    177.4

    20.4

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    399.5
    380.2
    365.0
    347.3
    329.7
    318.8
    301.1
    288.2
    275.3
    260.6

    36.1
    31.9
    30.8
    29.4
    26.7
    25.7
    24.4
    23.6
    22.7
    21.8

    112.2
    106.8
    101.4
    95.4
    89.9
    86.9
    81.5
    76.0
    71.9
    68.8

    23.5
    21.7
    20.6
    19.8
    19.4
    18.3
    17.2
    16.3
    15.1
    14.1

    177.4
    170.8
    162.2
    151.7
    142.1
    136.8
    129.7
    119.8
    111.8
    102.0

    738.3
    678.8
    641.4
    608.6
    553.2
    513.9
    482.7
    452.6
    424.7
    403.3

    68.4
    62.6
    59.1
    55.1
    51.5
    46.3
    42.2
    38.4
    35.7
    33.7

    18.1
    17.2
    16.3
    15.5
    14.7
    14.0
    13.7
    13.2
    12.6
    11.8

    260.8
    241.5
    228.0
    212.1
    200.0
    189.0
    179.7
    170.8
    161.8
    154.0

    218.1
    208.5
    192.0
    175.2
    161.8
    151.3
    146.3
    138.2
    130.6
    122.5

    40.9
    40.5
    39.0
    38.3
    37.2
    36.3
    34.8
    32.2
    30.9
    29.3

    173.0
    164.9
    157.7
    148.2
    141.0
    133.7
    127.2
    119.5
    112.3
    104.9

    19.1
    17.0
    16.4
    16.2
    15.9
    14.9
    14.4
    14.1
    13.6
    13.6

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    249.9
    238.2
    224.7
    206.7
    190.9
    180.8
    171.0
    155.3
    145.7
    142.0

    21.6
    21.1
    19.7
    17.9
    16.5
    15.2
    13.8
    12.3
    11.4
    10.8

    66.1
    62.3
    58.2
    53.3
    48.4
    44.7
    42.0
    36.4
    32.9
    31.6

    13.0
    12.1
    11.3
    10.8
    10.2
    9.8
    9.3
    8.1
    7.7
    7.7

    95.0
    92.4
    87.8
    81.5
    74.2
    69.3
    64.7
    57.3
    52.3
    50.5

    388.1
    357.0
    334.8
    304.7
    299.6
    315.8
    296.8
    270.9
    265.8
    250.6

    31.4
    28.7
    27.2
    25.2
    24.5
    24.1
    22.3
    19.9
    18.6
    17.6

    11.8
    11.3
    10.5
    9.3
    8.3
    7.7
    7.0
    6.3
    5.8
    5.5

    148.2
    141.8
    131.8
    121.1
    110.3
    100.7
    92.2
    81.3
    73.4
    68.0

    115.5
    104.7
    95.6
    86.9
    80.5
    74.5
    71.1
    65.4
    60.8
    57.7

    28.3
    27.3
    26.4
    24.5
    23.9
    23.5
    22.8
    20.8
    21.2
    20.5

    100.4
    95.4
    90.0
    82.4
    78.1
    74.2
    70.1
    63.0
    59.5
    57.7

    13.4
    12.0
    11.7
    11.1
    11.2
    13.0
    12.9
    12.2
    13.1
    13.3

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    130.6
    123.2
    112.3
    100.6

    9.7
    8.9
    8.0
    7.3

    28.2
    26.0
    23.3
    20.3

    6.8
    6.7
    6.0
    5.1

    45.4
    42.4
    38.3
    33.6

    207.5
    174.5
    151.1
    131.6

    15.5
    13.9
    12.1
    10.4

    4.9
    4.5
    4.0
    3.4

    60.5
    54.9
    49.5
    44.1

    52.0
    48.2
    42.0
    36.0

    19.1
    17.8
    16.3
    14.7

    53.4
    50.6
    45.7
    40.9

    10.8
    8.3
    6.9
    5.7

    Chained (1996) Dollars


    2001 .........................................

    374.5

    33.5

    106.5

    23.2

    168.4

    698.5

    63.9

    18.0

    241.5

    202.5

    39.0

    167.3

    18.3

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    374.0
    362.5
    351.9
    340.9
    329.7
    322.9
    312.2
    306.1
    300.8
    293.0

    33.3
    30.1
    29.5
    28.8
    26.7
    26.2
    25.4
    25.2
    24.9
    24.7

    106.1
    102.4
    98.4
    94.3
    89.9
    87.8
    84.6
    80.4
    78.0
    76.5

    22.9
    21.5
    20.3
    19.7
    19.4
    18.7
    18.1
    17.4
    16.6
    15.9

    166.6
    162.7
    156.8
    149.2
    142.1
    138.6
    134.4
    127.1
    122.0
    114.3

    688.5
    660.5
    631.7
    597.9
    553.2
    527.7
    504.3
    480.0
    461.4
    447.2

    63.6
    59.7
    57.0
    54.0
    51.5
    47.0
    44.0
    40.9
    39.0
    37.8

    17.4
    16.6
    15.9
    15.3
    14.7
    14.1
    14.1
    13.8
    13.5
    13.0

    236.9
    224.5
    218.4
    207.9
    200.0
    192.5
    187.6
    181.2
    175.9
    173.4

    202.8
    198.3
    185.5
    172.2
    161.8
    154.0
    152.9
    148.2
    144.4
    139.7

    38.7
    39.1
    37.8
    37.7
    37.2
    36.6
    35.7
    33.8
    33.0
    32.0

    166.0
    160.2
    154.5
    146.9
    141.0
    135.2
    131.8
    126.7
    121.9
    116.7

    17.5
    16.9
    16.5
    16.0
    15.9
    15.6
    15.3
    15.0
    14.5
    14.6

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    291.5
    288.4
    282.5
    269.9
    256.4

    25.5
    25.9
    25.2
    23.6
    22.6

    76.0
    73.9
    71.4
    67.8
    63.5

    15.1
    14.5
    14.1
    14.0
    13.8

    110.5
    111.2
    109.7
    105.4
    99.0

    439.5
    425.7
    416.2
    389.4
    391.2

    36.3
    34.5
    33.9
    32.4
    32.4

    13.4
    13.3
    12.7
    11.7
    10.8

    174.5
    173.5
    167.5
    159.6
    150.5

    136.6
    128.6
    121.9
    115.0
    110.2

    31.8
    31.4
    31.3
    29.9
    29.7

    115.3
    113.3
    111.0
    104.9
    102.2

    14.3
    13.6
    13.7
    13.0
    13.3

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

    148

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 9-4Series F 17-30. Per Capita Income and Product Series for Selected Items in Current and Chained
    (1996) Prices, 19292002
    (Dollars; based on estimated population as of July 1, including Armed Forces abroad.)
    Current dollars
    Year

    Gross domestic
    product

    Personal income

    Chained (1996) dollars

    Disposable personal
    income

    Personal
    consumption
    expenditures

    Gross domestic
    product

    Disposable personal
    income

    Personal
    consumption
    expenditures

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    36 340
    35 398

    31 062
    30 494

    27 188
    25 957

    25 408
    24 531

    32 839
    32 352

    24 479
    23 692

    22 877
    22 390

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    34 823
    33 234
    31 830
    30 505
    28 997
    27 787
    26 803
    25 546
    24 622
    23 637

    29 797
    27 902
    26 917
    25 439
    24 299
    23 283
    22 372
    21 576
    21 004
    20 080

    25 237
    23 749
    23 037
    21 887
    21 072
    20 361
    19 626
    18 981
    18 527
    17 669

    23 690
    22 384
    21 226
    20 277
    19 438
    18 657
    17 920
    17 133
    16 403
    15 681

    32 579
    31 746
    30 842
    29 922
    28 997
    28 325
    27 918
    27 163
    26 809
    26 363

    23 501
    22 678
    22 359
    21 470
    21 072
    20 798
    20 507
    20 235
    20 220
    19 873

    22 061
    21 373
    20 601
    19 891
    19 438
    19 058
    18 724
    18 264
    17 903
    17 637

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    23 215
    22 188
    20 845
    19 529
    18 501
    17 664
    16 636
    15 085
    14 035
    13 614

    19 614
    18 593
    17 433
    16 317
    15 425
    14 738
    13 853
    12 576
    11 922
    11 301

    17 176
    16 235
    15 312
    14 246
    13 555
    12 941
    12 215
    11 036
    10 364
    9 773

    15 327
    14 539
    13 697
    12 787
    12 029
    11 373
    10 569
    9 757
    8 954
    8 453

    26 834
    26 646
    25 987
    25 174
    24 565
    23 970
    23 288
    21 902
    21 184
    21 830

    20 058
    19 833
    19 522
    18 870
    18 641
    18 229
    17 799
    16 673
    16 328
    16 265

    17 899
    17 760
    17 463
    16 938
    16 541
    16 020
    15 401
    14 741
    14 105
    14 069

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    12 276
    11 401
    10 313
    9 221
    8 363
    7 571
    7 017
    6 537
    5 909
    5 434

    10 205
    9 247
    8 302
    7 432
    6 765
    6 166
    5 730
    5 254
    4 736
    4 358

    8 869
    8 033
    7 253
    6 519
    5 960
    5 470
    5 013
    4 619
    4 138
    3 860

    7 741
    7 091
    6 425
    5 803
    5 272
    4 771
    4 359
    4 022
    3 671
    3 382

    21 521
    21 821
    21 383
    20 481
    19 771
    18 911
    19 163
    19 456
    18 570
    17 804

    16 063
    16 120
    15 845
    15 256
    14 873
    14 393
    14 268
    14 496
    13 692
    13 218

    14 021
    14 230
    14 035
    13 583
    13 155
    12 551
    12 407
    12 626
    12 149
    11 581

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    5 069
    4 860
    4 540
    4 197
    4 015
    3 705
    3 462
    3 268
    3 143
    2 970

    4 101
    3 851
    3 559
    3 272
    3 085
    2 868
    2 688
    2 541
    2 454
    2 342

    3 591
    3 329
    3 119
    2 899
    2 742
    2 567
    2 412
    2 249
    2 174
    2 081

    3 164
    2 987
    2 783
    2 559
    2 451
    2 286
    2 145
    2 024
    1 950
    1 865

    17 446
    17 616
    17 266
    16 646
    16 416
    15 583
    14 831
    14 212
    13 821
    13 236

    12 823
    12 451
    12 196
    11 776
    11 417
    10 965
    10 456
    9 886
    9 666
    9 361

    11 300
    11 171
    10 881
    10 396
    10 204
    9 764
    9 300
    8 896
    8 668
    8 388

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 918
    2 865
    2 687
    2 694
    2 603
    2 512
    2 347
    2 381
    2 285
    2 201

    2 283
    2 224
    2 125
    2 098
    2 021
    1 917
    1 818
    1 834
    1 759
    1 677

    2 026
    1 983
    1 899
    1 867
    1 800
    1 715
    1 629
    1 622
    1 552
    1 499

    1 838
    1 796
    1 703
    1 675
    1 616
    1 567
    1 481
    1 463
    1 400
    1 352

    13 148
    13 092
    12 420
    12 751
    12 728
    12 703
    12 073
    12 371
    12 024
    11 764

    9 210
    9 167
    8 922
    8 988
    8 930
    8 675
    8 276
    8 319
    8 071
    7 953

    8 358
    8 303
    7 999
    8 068
    8 018
    7 928
    7 524
    7 503
    7 279
    7 176

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 940
    1 794
    1 838
    1 696
    1 572
    1 594
    1 587
    1 451
    1 199
    950

    1 516
    1 396
    1 440
    1 333
    1 269
    1 229
    1 201
    1 114
    918
    722

    1 388
    1 281
    1 307
    1 194
    1 145
    1 087
    1 072
    990
    880
    703

    1 270
    1 199
    1 196
    1 126
    1 020
    856
    784
    729
    659
    607

    11 119
    10 396
    10 639
    10 374
    10 648
    12 101
    12 386
    11 582
    10 084
    8 612

    7 863
    7 343
    7 433
    7 183
    7 599
    7 729
    7 920
    7 737
    7 507
    6 739

    7 192
    6 872
    6 807
    6 775
    6 768
    6 088
    5 793
    5 698
    5 623
    5 822

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    767
    702
    662
    712
    653
    576
    522
    449
    471
    617

    595
    558
    528
    576
    537
    475
    425
    373
    400
    528

    581
    545
    512
    560
    525
    465
    417
    365
    393
    517

    539
    513
    494
    518
    485
    439
    407
    366
    390
    489

    7 423
    6 896
    6 429
    6 713
    6 417
    5 718
    5 284
    4 800
    4 897
    5 667

    5 912
    5 589
    5 201
    5 556
    5 400
    4 827
    4 430
    4 063
    4 214
    4 896

    5 486
    5 259
    5 022
    5 145
    4 990
    4 558
    4 324
    4 065
    4 186
    4 626

    1930 ......................................................
    1929 ......................................................

    741
    851

    621
    700

    605
    683

    570
    635

    6 101
    6 746

    5 109
    5 516

    4 808
    5 134

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

    SECTION 9: NATIONAL INCOME AND WEALTH

    149

    Table 9-5Series F 192-209. National Income by Sector, Legal Form of Organization, and Type of Income,
    19292001
    (Billions of dollars.)
    Domestic business
    Year

    Corporate business

    Total
    Total
    Total

    Compensation
    of employees

    Sole proprietorships and partnerships

    Corporate
    profits 1

    Net interest

    Total

    Compensation
    of employees

    Proprietors
    income 1

    Net interest

    2001 ..............................................

    8 122.0

    6 688.4

    4 762.7

    3 945.6

    580.9

    236.3

    1 248.3

    391.3

    725.1

    131.8

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    7 984.4
    7 468.7
    7 041.4
    6 618.4
    6 210.4
    5 876.7
    5 556.8
    5 251.9
    4 994.9
    4 756.6

    6 627.3
    6 188.0
    5 841.3
    5 458.1
    5 084.3
    4 790.2
    4 509.7
    4 234.7
    4 020.2
    3 829.3

    4 778.4
    4 454.3
    4 215.1
    3 952.1
    3 658.2
    3 445.6
    3 234.9
    3 018.6
    2 860.0
    2 731.4

    3 893.9
    3 594.1
    3 358.0
    3 098.1
    2 912.2
    2 776.5
    2 646.0
    2 500.4
    2 385.5
    2 259.7

    644.8
    685.5
    675.2
    723.1
    653.2
    576.8
    496.0
    433.7
    384.4
    356.9

    239.7
    174.7
    182.0
    130.8
    92.8
    92.4
    92.9
    84.4
    90.1
    114.8

    1 191.7
    1 116.4
    1 044.3
    953.2
    890.9
    832.5
    793.1
    758.3
    722.8
    671.8

    375.2
    343.9
    319.4
    295.8
    274.3
    261.2
    243.7
    228.9
    216.3
    205.5

    712.0
    675.6
    620.8
    577.8
    541.7
    494.9
    473.6
    459.0
    431.7
    381.8

    104.5
    96.9
    104.2
    79.6
    74.9
    76.4
    75.9
    70.4
    74.8
    84.5

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    4 642.1
    4 392.1
    4 151.1
    3 803.4
    3 525.8
    3 380.4
    3 162.3
    2 796.5
    2 603.0
    2 497.1

    3 765.8
    3 589.8
    3 404.9
    3 116.4
    2 885.4
    2 769.9
    2 584.7
    2 264.6
    2 105.2
    2 039.3

    2 687.7
    2 570.2
    2 456.3
    2 264.5
    2 079.3
    2 002.2
    1 876.3
    1 658.4
    1 537.3
    1 494.8

    2 217.6
    2 101.4
    1 995.4
    1 858.8
    1 732.7
    1 634.7
    1 523.0
    1 373.3
    1 299.4
    1 243.5

    335.9
    331.4
    348.3
    298.6
    261.0
    284.0
    272.8
    218.6
    168.5
    189.3

    134.3
    137.4
    112.5
    107.0
    85.6
    83.4
    80.5
    66.4
    69.4
    62.0

    671.4
    644.1
    593.5
    526.5
    503.5
    479.5
    444.7
    367.8
    343.4
    338.8

    202.1
    189.3
    175.8
    154.4
    148.2
    141.3
    131.6
    119.5
    114.1
    110.5

    378.8
    359.6
    336.7
    302.0
    276.8
    265.1
    245.3
    193.7
    178.2
    184.6

    90.5
    95.1
    81.0
    70.1
    78.5
    73.2
    67.7
    54.7
    51.1
    43.7

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    2 243.0
    2 075.6
    1 860.2
    1 635.8
    1 456.4
    1 302.2
    1 211.9
    1 127.4
    1 000.4
    903.9

    1 824.9
    1 699.1
    1 523.6
    1 327.7
    1 175.8
    1 047.4
    979.3
    916.3
    809.7
    729.7

    1 334.1
    1 243.1
    1 116.9
    971.0
    850.6
    750.2
    700.6
    653.0
    581.0
    521.3

    1 122.3
    1 023.1
    901.7
    784.6
    695.1
    614.8
    587.4
    533.9
    472.5
    425.2

    163.0
    187.9
    194.4
    171.8
    144.0
    118.4
    97.0
    109.1
    100.2
    87.3

    48.7
    32.0
    20.9
    14.5
    11.5
    17.0
    16.2
    10.0
    8.2
    8.8

    314.8
    307.4
    277.9
    244.7
    223.0
    202.5
    191.1
    183.8
    157.2
    142.5

    103.3
    95.8
    85.3
    76.8
    71.6
    65.8
    62.3
    58.1
    51.6
    49.6

    176.1
    182.3
    168.8
    147.2
    133.2
    120.6
    114.6
    114.5
    97.1
    85.6

    35.4
    29.3
    23.7
    20.7
    18.2
    16.2
    14.2
    11.3
    8.5
    7.3

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    837.5
    802.7
    743.6
    681.7
    646.7
    589.6
    542.1
    504.4
    477.1
    442.5

    679.2
    659.6
    613.6
    565.4
    541.8
    495.6
    454.8
    423.8
    401.8
    372.8

    484.0
    471.7
    435.0
    396.2
    377.6
    341.6
    309.7
    286.1
    268.9
    245.6

    400.2
    378.6
    341.3
    308.4
    288.5
    259.8
    239.2
    222.7
    211.0
    195.6

    74.5
    87.1
    90.9
    84.8
    87.4
    81.2
    70.4
    63.6
    57.8
    50.1

    9.2
    6.0
    2.8
    3.0
    1.6
    0.6
    0.1
    -0.1
    0.1
    -0.1

    134.5
    131.3
    125.4
    118.8
    116.2
    108.8
    102.7
    97.3
    94.9
    91.8

    49.1
    48.1
    46.4
    44.5
    43.9
    41.3
    40.1
    38.1
    37.2
    36.5

    79.4
    78.4
    75.0
    70.6
    69.1
    64.8
    60.2
    57.3
    56.0
    54.0

    6.0
    4.9
    4.0
    3.6
    3.3
    2.8
    2.4
    1.9
    1.6
    1.4

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    427.5
    411.5
    377.3
    375.0
    358.7
    338.5
    308.4
    308.2
    293.3
    278.7

    362.4
    351.3
    320.1
    321.5
    308.7
    292.1
    265.0
    266.0
    252.4
    242.1

    239.4
    230.8
    204.0
    210.1
    202.4
    190.5
    167.9
    170.5
    158.9
    152.7

    190.7
    180.3
    164.0
    166.5
    158.2
    144.7
    132.3
    134.0
    123.1
    114.6

    49.2
    51.0
    39.9
    43.9
    44.5
    46.1
    35.9
    36.9
    36.5
    38.6

    -0.5
    -0.5
    0.2
    -0.4
    -0.4
    -0.3
    -0.2
    -0.4
    -0.6
    -0.5

    89.7
    89.7
    87.4
    85.3
    82.0
    78.6
    75.5
    75.5
    74.9
    72.7

    37.0
    37.1
    35.2
    35.2
    34.1
    32.2
    31.2
    31.4
    29.9
    28.2

    51.5
    51.4
    51.1
    49.0
    47.0
    45.5
    43.5
    43.3
    44.4
    43.9

    1.2
    1.2
    1.2
    1.0
    0.9
    0.8
    0.8
    0.7
    0.7
    0.7

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    241.0
    216.7
    223.3
    198.6
    182.3
    183.3
    184.3
    171.4
    137.6
    104.3

    211.8
    189.3
    198.1
    174.6
    154.7
    143.5
    147.9
    142.1
    119.0
    91.8

    132.4
    115.9
    120.4
    104.7
    86.3
    84.1
    91.6
    88.8
    73.2
    56.9

    98.7
    88.8
    91.1
    82.1
    69.9
    64.1
    67.1
    64.1
    52.8
    41.6

    34.1
    27.5
    29.6
    22.5
    16.7
    19.8
    24.2
    24.1
    19.7
    14.6

    -0.4
    -0.3
    -0.3
    0.0
    -0.2
    0.2
    0.3
    0.5
    0.7
    0.7

    64.4
    59.9
    64.9
    58.4
    57.2
    49.6
    46.8
    44.1
    37.3
    27.6

    25.3
    23.6
    24.0
    22.4
    20.4
    17.6
    16.2
    14.6
    12.7
    9.8

    38.6
    35.7
    40.4
    35.6
    36.6
    31.7
    30.3
    29.1
    24.1
    17.3

    0.6
    0.5
    0.4
    0.4
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.4
    0.5
    0.5

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    81.1
    72.9
    67.4
    74.0
    65.8
    57.9
    50.2
    41.4
    43.9
    60.4

    70.5
    62.5
    57.1
    64.4
    56.2
    49.7
    42.5
    34.7
    37.2
    52.9

    42.8
    36.7
    32.6
    38.1
    33.3
    28.0
    24.5
    18.7
    19.9
    29.6

    32.9
    29.8
    27.3
    30.5
    26.3
    23.1
    21.0
    18.0
    19.0
    25.4

    9.2
    5.9
    4.3
    6.5
    5.8
    3.6
    2.2
    -0.3
    -0.4
    2.8

    0.8
    1.0
    1.1
    1.1
    1.1
    1.3
    1.3
    1.0
    1.3
    1.4

    21.1
    19.4
    18.5
    20.7
    17.7
    16.7
    13.1
    10.8
    11.2
    16.3

    7.8
    7.2
    6.8
    7.1
    6.2
    5.5
    5.0
    4.4
    4.8
    6.4

    12.9
    11.7
    11.2
    13.1
    11.0
    10.7
    7.6
    5.8
    5.6
    9.1

    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.6
    0.6
    0.7
    0.8

    1930 ..............................................
    1929 ..............................................

    75.6
    86.8

    67.6
    78.8

    39.4
    45.9

    30.8
    34.2

    7.1
    10.4

    1.4
    1.3

    20.3
    24.2

    7.8
    8.6

    11.7
    14.9

    0.8
    0.6

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.


    1Includes inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments.

    150

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 9-5Series F 192-209. National Income by Sector, Legal Form of Organization, and Type of Income,
    19292001Continued
    (Billions of dollars.)
    Domestic businessContinued
    Other private business

    Year

    Compensation
    of employees

    Total

    Proprietors
    income 1

    Government
    enterprises

    Rental income
    of persons 2

    Households and
    institutions

    General
    government

    Rest of the
    world

    Net interest

    2001 ..............................................

    567.4

    22.4

    2.7

    137.9

    404.4

    110.0

    952.1

    459.6

    21.9

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    552.6
    518.9
    486.5
    460.2
    445.0
    423.8
    395.7
    376.1
    356.2
    349.5

    21.9
    20.2
    18.5
    16.4
    15.5
    14.8
    14.6
    14.2
    13.8
    13.3

    2.8
    2.8
    3.1
    3.3
    3.1
    2.8
    3.0
    2.9
    2.6
    2.4

    146.6
    149.1
    138.6
    128.3
    129.7
    117.9
    110.3
    90.9
    63.3
    56.4

    381.3
    346.8
    326.3
    312.2
    296.8
    288.2
    267.8
    268.2
    276.5
    277.4

    104.6
    98.4
    95.4
    92.6
    90.2
    88.4
    86.0
    81.7
    81.2
    76.7

    902.6
    854.8
    819.7
    790.0
    759.4
    735.8
    717.0
    695.8
    671.8
    645.1

    431.1
    403.1
    383.8
    363.2
    348.6
    330.3
    313.3
    297.0
    279.5
    257.5

    23.4
    22.7
    -3.4
    7.1
    18.1
    20.3
    16.8
    24.4
    23.4
    24.7

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    333.5
    308.3
    291.3
    266.6
    247.1
    234.6
    214.5
    192.5
    181.8
    165.0

    13.1
    12.6
    11.8
    11.6
    11.1
    10.7
    10.0
    9.2
    8.6
    8.2

    2.2
    2.1
    2.1
    1.9
    1.8
    2.0
    2.2
    1.7
    1.7
    1.6

    49.1
    40.5
    44.1
    35.8
    32.2
    39.1
    39.5
    36.9
    39.6
    39.6

    269.1
    253.1
    233.3
    217.3
    202.0
    182.9
    162.8
    144.6
    131.9
    115.6

    73.2
    67.2
    64.0
    58.9
    55.6
    53.6
    49.3
    46.0
    42.8
    40.6

    609.4
    567.3
    532.6
    499.9
    471.1
    444.3
    411.0
    375.8
    353.1
    325.5

    237.9
    214.6
    195.1
    173.3
    153.7
    141.0
    131.2
    119.2
    108.2
    97.6

    29.0
    20.4
    18.4
    13.7
    15.5
    25.4
    35.3
    36.9
    36.4
    34.7

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    140.2
    117.3
    100.4
    86.1
    78.1
    72.5
    68.4
    62.7
    56.3
    51.9

    7.5
    6.9
    6.2
    5.7
    5.1
    4.7
    4.4
    4.1
    3.8
    3.4

    1.5
    1.4
    1.2
    1.1
    1.1
    1.0
    0.9
    0.7
    0.6
    0.5

    31.3
    24.5
    22.4
    20.4
    21.5
    22.0
    23.0
    23.1
    21.6
    21.2

    99.8
    84.5
    70.6
    58.9
    50.4
    44.8
    40.2
    34.7
    30.3
    26.7

    35.8
    31.4
    28.4
    25.9
    24.0
    22.2
    19.3
    16.8
    15.2
    14.0

    295.7
    266.3
    244.8
    225.1
    206.4
    189.6
    169.8
    155.4
    143.1
    130.9

    87.1
    77.3
    69.7
    62.4
    57.1
    52.0
    47.1
    43.0
    38.9
    35.6

    35.3
    32.9
    22.1
    20.7
    17.1
    13.2
    15.7
    12.7
    8.7
    7.7

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    47.9
    45.6
    43.3
    41.5
    39.8
    37.5
    35.4
    33.8
    31.9
    29.7

    3.2
    3.0
    2.8
    2.6
    2.3
    2.1
    2.0
    1.9
    1.8
    1.7

    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4

    20.3
    20.3
    20.2
    20.4
    19.9
    19.2
    18.6
    18.5
    17.8
    16.9

    23.9
    21.8
    19.9
    18.1
    17.0
    15.7
    14.3
    12.9
    11.9
    10.7

    12.8
    11.0
    9.9
    8.9
    8.3
    7.7
    7.1
    6.6
    6.1
    5.7

    119.4
    107.5
    97.8
    87.4
    78.4
    69.3
    64.4
    59.3
    55.5
    51.6

    32.4
    29.5
    26.1
    23.4
    21.3
    19.3
    17.9
    16.7
    15.6
    14.5

    6.4
    6.2
    6.2
    5.5
    5.2
    5.4
    5.0
    4.6
    4.2
    3.6

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    27.8
    25.9
    23.9
    21.9
    20.3
    19.2
    18.1
    16.6
    15.0
    13.6

    1.5
    1.4
    1.4
    1.3
    1.3
    1.3
    1.2
    1.2
    1.1
    1.1

    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    -0.1
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0

    16.2
    15.2
    14.5
    13.8
    13.1
    12.8
    12.5
    11.5
    10.5
    9.5

    9.8
    8.9
    7.8
    6.9
    5.9
    5.2
    4.5
    3.9
    3.5
    3.1

    5.5
    5.0
    4.7
    4.2
    4.0
    3.8
    3.6
    3.5
    3.5
    3.0

    48.1
    44.9
    42.9
    39.8
    37.2
    34.8
    33.0
    32.4
    31.5
    27.7

    13.9
    12.4
    11.5
    10.6
    9.9
    9.1
    8.1
    7.8
    7.2
    6.9

    3.2
    2.9
    2.7
    3.2
    2.9
    2.5
    2.2
    2.0
    2.1
    2.0

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    12.3
    11.0
    10.5
    9.5
    9.3
    8.2
    8.0
    7.8
    7.3
    6.2

    1.0
    0.8
    0.8
    0.7
    0.6
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.4
    0.4

    0.0
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0

    8.7
    7.8
    7.6
    7.0
    7.0
    6.1
    5.9
    5.6
    5.0
    4.0

    2.7
    2.3
    2.1
    1.8
    1.6
    1.6
    1.6
    1.7
    1.8
    1.9

    2.7
    2.6
    2.3
    2.0
    1.9
    1.6
    1.5
    1.5
    1.2
    1.1

    21.2
    20.1
    18.1
    17.6
    22.4
    35.3
    32.3
    25.6
    15.2
    9.5

    6.5
    5.9
    5.6
    5.1
    4.5
    4.1
    3.7
    3.2
    2.9
    2.5

    1.5
    1.3
    1.5
    1.2
    0.7
    0.4
    0.5
    0.4
    0.5
    0.5

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    5.5
    5.4
    5.2
    4.7
    4.4
    4.3
    4.2
    4.5
    5.4
    6.3

    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2

    0.0
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0
    0.0

    3.4
    3.3
    3.1
    2.6
    2.3
    2.2
    2.1
    2.5
    3.2
    4.0

    1.8
    1.8
    1.8
    1.9
    1.9
    1.9
    1.9
    1.9
    2.0
    2.1

    1.0
    0.9
    0.9
    0.9
    0.8
    0.8
    0.7
    0.6
    0.7
    0.8

    7.8
    7.6
    7.7
    6.9
    7.3
    6.0
    5.6
    4.7
    4.5
    4.7

    2.4
    2.3
    2.2
    2.3
    2.0
    1.9
    1.8
    1.7
    1.9
    2.3

    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.4
    0.5

    1930 ..............................................
    1929 ..............................................

    7.2
    8.0

    0.3
    0.3

    0.0
    0.0

    4.9
    5.6

    2.0
    2.1

    0.8
    0.8

    4.6
    4.4

    2.7
    2.9

    0.7
    0.8

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.


    1Includes
    2Includes

    inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments.


    capital consumption adjustment.

    SECTION 9: NATIONAL INCOME AND WEALTH

    151

    Table 9-6Series F 226-237. National Income Without Capital Consumption Adjustment by Industry Group,
    19292002
    (Billions of dollars.)
    Domestic industries
    Private industries
    Year

    Total
    Total
    Total

    Agriculture,
    forestry,
    and fishing

    Mining

    Construction

    Manufacturing

    Finance,
    CommuniWholesale
    insurance, Transpor- cation and
    and retail
    tation
    and real
    public
    trade
    estate
    utilities

    Services

    Government

    Rest of the
    world

    2002 ........................
    2001 ........................

    8 174.8
    8 053.5

    8 184.4
    8 031.5

    7 068.4
    6 969.4

    109.5
    111.1

    59.1
    69.5

    442.0
    438.9

    1 122.2
    1 132.2

    1 168.6
    1 144.5

    1 635.8
    1 571.1

    236.2
    236.6

    278.1
    293.3

    2 016.8
    1 972.0

    1 116.0
    1 062.1

    -9.6
    21.9

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    7 958.7
    7 424.5
    7 013.2
    6 599.6
    6 206.4
    5 884.4
    5 576.4
    5 267.9
    5 018.2
    4 769.1

    7 935.3
    7 401.8
    7 016.6
    6 592.6
    6 188.3
    5 864.0
    5 559.6
    5 243.5
    4 994.8
    4 744.4

    6 928.0
    6 448.5
    6 101.6
    5 709.9
    5 338.7
    5 039.9
    4 756.6
    4 466.0
    4 241.8
    4 022.6

    109.7
    111.3
    102.4
    101.6
    101.9
    86.9
    93.7
    91.9
    90.7
    83.6

    62.9
    48.6
    54.2
    58.2
    50.7
    45.7
    43.9
    40.5
    39.7
    40.2

    422.9
    389.4
    349.6
    309.3
    290.3
    266.7
    252.8
    228.3
    215.6
    214.6

    1 250.7
    1 180.5
    1 145.4
    1 119.3
    1 073.9
    1 058.5
    1 006.0
    929.1
    886.0
    863.9

    1 140.2
    1 063.7
    1 006.1
    933.6
    864.5
    810.0
    774.7
    721.5
    698.7
    667.3

    1 521.5
    1 379.3
    1 309.5
    1 197.1
    1 088.0
    1 013.5
    932.7
    897.1
    841.5
    786.4

    243.7
    234.0
    224.6
    207.2
    194.7
    183.9
    176.6
    163.2
    152.9
    146.1

    286.8
    277.3
    271.3
    266.5
    266.9
    256.7
    246.6
    229.1
    213.2
    205.0

    1 889.8
    1 764.2
    1 638.6
    1 517.2
    1 407.8
    1 318.1
    1 229.5
    1 165.4
    1 103.6
    1 015.6

    1 007.3
    953.3
    915.1
    882.6
    849.6
    824.2
    803.0
    777.5
    753.0
    721.8

    23.4
    22.7
    -3.4
    7.1
    18.1
    20.3
    16.8
    24.4
    23.4
    24.7

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    4 640.5
    4 366.9
    4 112.1
    3 760.3
    3 475.8
    3 318.1
    3 126.5
    2 788.1
    2 620.2
    2 523.4

    4 611.6
    4 346.5
    4 093.6
    3 746.6
    3 460.3
    3 292.8
    3 091.1
    2 751.2
    2 583.7
    2 488.7

    3 929.0
    3 712.1
    3 497.1
    3 187.9
    2 933.6
    2 795.0
    2 630.8
    2 329.4
    2 187.9
    2 122.6

    89.0
    85.5
    78.2
    78.9
    70.7
    69.0
    70.2
    54.7
    61.2
    63.5

    40.8
    36.2
    35.9
    28.6
    28.4
    40.1
    43.8
    40.3
    50.2
    51.7

    230.5
    227.1
    218.9
    202.9
    191.8
    171.8
    153.0
    128.2
    119.2
    121.3

    879.0
    853.4
    822.2
    739.8
    686.8
    691.3
    672.5
    598.0
    576.7
    594.1

    651.3
    630.6
    591.4
    546.0
    522.4
    499.5
    470.7
    416.1
    386.8
    371.8

    738.5
    691.6
    651.5
    599.7
    528.8
    484.9
    439.6
    397.6
    355.2
    334.1

    138.7
    133.7
    132.7
    123.4
    115.5
    107.3
    106.6
    93.3
    86.5
    88.4

    191.8
    180.0
    170.9
    162.8
    152.4
    148.0
    143.4
    130.5
    126.0
    110.3

    969.5
    873.8
    795.3
    705.9
    636.8
    583.0
    531.1
    470.6
    426.2
    387.5

    682.6
    634.5
    596.5
    558.8
    526.7
    497.8
    460.3
    421.8
    395.8
    366.1

    29.0
    20.4
    18.4
    13.7
    15.5
    25.4
    35.3
    36.9
    36.4
    34.7

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    2 282.9
    2 107.5
    1 885.0
    1 656.0
    1 476.2
    1 317.9
    1 217.6
    1 127.2
    999.4
    904.0

    2 247.6
    2 074.6
    1 862.9
    1 635.4
    1 459.0
    1 304.7
    1 201.9
    1 114.5
    990.7
    896.3

    1 916.0
    1 776.9
    1 589.7
    1 384.4
    1 228.6
    1 092.9
    1 012.9
    942.3
    832.5
    751.4

    52.2
    58.6
    51.1
    42.9
    42.7
    44.4
    43.4
    46.6
    32.2
    27.0

    45.7
    33.1
    27.5
    25.2
    21.5
    20.9
    16.7
    11.2
    9.3
    8.4

    120.9
    117.9
    104.6
    88.4
    79.8
    69.7
    69.5
    65.1
    57.3
    51.8

    536.6
    518.4
    471.7
    416.7
    366.6
    318.0
    302.3
    286.1
    253.2
    227.4

    336.4
    317.1
    285.0
    252.0
    227.9
    205.0
    184.7
    169.7
    152.5
    138.9

    300.9
    266.3
    232.2
    194.7
    168.7
    152.0
    140.2
    129.9
    118.4
    108.6

    83.5
    78.7
    71.3
    62.9
    56.1
    48.0
    47.6
    42.8
    38.2
    34.4

    94.7
    81.7
    77.1
    67.7
    60.7
    53.5
    45.2
    42.4
    39.1
    35.7

    345.1
    304.9
    269.1
    233.8
    204.6
    181.5
    163.3
    148.5
    132.2
    119.1

    331.6
    297.7
    273.2
    251.0
    230.4
    211.8
    189.0
    172.2
    158.3
    144.9

    35.3
    32.9
    22.1
    20.7
    17.1
    13.2
    15.7
    12.7
    8.7
    7.7

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    836.1
    799.7
    740.4
    677.7
    642.5
    585.2
    538.1
    501.1
    475.1
    443.5

    829.7
    793.5
    734.2
    672.2
    637.3
    579.8
    533.1
    496.6
    470.9
    439.8

    697.5
    675.1
    626.5
    575.9
    550.6
    502.9
    461.5
    430.6
    409.3
    382.5

    25.6
    24.8
    22.5
    21.7
    22.7
    21.2
    18.4
    19.0
    19.0
    18.6

    8.3
    7.3
    7.1
    6.4
    6.3
    6.1
    6.0
    5.8
    5.5
    5.6

    47.2
    44.9
    40.1
    36.7
    35.1
    32.1
    29.3
    26.7
    25.0
    23.3

    215.9
    222.7
    211.9
    194.7
    190.7
    172.0
    154.9
    144.4
    136.5
    125.3

    128.3
    121.2
    111.7
    101.8
    95.2
    88.2
    82.5
    75.8
    72.7
    68.3

    97.8
    91.8
    85.2
    78.7
    74.1
    68.2
    63.7
    60.0
    57.6
    54.4

    31.2
    29.9
    28.0
    26.0
    25.5
    23.7
    21.8
    20.6
    19.6
    18.7

    33.1
    31.2
    28.8
    26.6
    25.4
    23.3
    22.0
    20.5
    19.3
    18.2

    110.1
    101.3
    91.2
    83.3
    75.7
    68.0
    62.9
    57.6
    54.0
    50.2

    132.2
    118.4
    107.7
    96.3
    86.7
    76.9
    71.5
    66.0
    61.6
    57.3

    6.4
    6.2
    6.2
    5.5
    5.2
    5.4
    5.0
    4.6
    4.2
    3.6

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    429.2
    413.6
    380.1
    378.0
    361.4
    340.4
    311.6
    312.5
    298.5
    284.3

    425.9
    410.8
    377.4
    374.8
    358.5
    337.9
    309.4
    310.5
    296.3
    282.3

    372.4
    360.9
    329.8
    330.8
    317.3
    299.3
    272.8
    274.6
    261.3
    251.5

    17.7
    16.9
    18.9
    16.7
    16.5
    16.5
    17.5
    18.1
    20.3
    21.2

    5.6
    5.5
    5.7
    6.6
    6.6
    5.9
    5.3
    5.5
    5.5
    5.8

    22.3
    21.8
    20.0
    20.5
    19.6
    17.6
    16.5
    16.4
    15.9
    14.7

    125.5
    124.6
    108.2
    116.6
    113.4
    108.2
    94.9
    100.6
    92.7
    90.5

    66.7
    65.4
    60.1
    59.0
    56.3
    53.5
    49.4
    48.3
    47.5
    45.8

    51.6
    48.3
    45.1
    41.9
    39.3
    37.1
    34.5
    31.7
    28.8
    26.1

    18.5
    18.2
    16.9
    17.8
    17.3
    16.2
    14.8
    16.0
    15.6
    15.1

    17.4
    16.0
    14.7
    13.8
    12.9
    12.0
    11.1
    10.3
    9.4
    8.5

    47.0
    44.1
    40.2
    38.1
    35.3
    32.3
    28.8
    27.7
    25.7
    24.0

    53.5
    49.9
    47.6
    44.0
    41.2
    38.6
    36.6
    35.9
    35.0
    30.7

    3.2
    2.9
    2.7
    3.2
    2.9
    2.5
    2.2
    2.0
    2.1
    2.0

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    245.8
    221.5
    228.3
    202.9
    185.9
    183.7
    184.8
    172.5
    139.2
    105.9

    244.2
    220.1
    226.8
    201.7
    185.2
    183.4
    184.4
    172.1
    138.7
    105.4

    220.3
    197.5
    206.4
    182.1
    160.9
    146.4
    150.6
    145.0
    122.4
    94.9

    18.3
    17.3
    22.2
    19.3
    18.5
    15.7
    15.2
    15.0
    12.7
    8.5

    5.3
    4.5
    5.4
    4.3
    3.0
    2.8
    3.0
    2.8
    2.6
    2.4

    12.4
    10.9
    11.0
    8.5
    6.5
    4.3
    4.1
    5.5
    6.5
    4.2

    76.4
    64.9
    68.8
    59.6
    49.2
    52.2
    60.3
    58.3
    45.5
    33.2

    41.4
    39.2
    40.1
    37.7
    34.7
    28.1
    25.9
    24.0
    20.6
    17.5

    23.8
    21.4
    20.1
    18.0
    17.1
    14.5
    13.7
    13.0
    12.0
    10.6

    13.4
    12.1
    12.8
    11.6
    10.4
    10.5
    11.2
    10.8
    8.6
    6.3

    7.3
    6.7
    6.0
    5.1
    4.8
    4.2
    4.0
    4.0
    3.7
    3.3

    22.0
    20.4
    20.0
    18.1
    16.6
    14.1
    13.1
    11.8
    10.2
    8.8

    23.9
    22.7
    20.4
    19.6
    24.3
    36.9
    33.8
    27.1
    16.4
    10.6

    1.5
    1.3
    1.5
    1.2
    0.7
    0.4
    0.5
    0.4
    0.5
    0.5

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    82.5
    74.1
    68.8
    75.2
    66.4
    58.5
    50.8
    41.6
    44.2
    61.0

    82.2
    73.7
    68.4
    74.8
    66.1
    58.2
    50.6
    41.3
    43.8
    60.5

    73.4
    65.1
    59.8
    67.0
    58.0
    51.4
    44.3
    36.0
    38.6
    55.1

    6.2
    6.1
    6.1
    7.7
    5.9
    6.7
    4.3
    3.9
    3.6
    5.3

    1.9
    1.6
    1.6
    2.0
    1.6
    1.2
    1.2
    0.6
    0.7
    1.0

    2.6
    2.3
    2.0
    2.1
    2.0
    1.3
    1.1
    0.8
    1.1
    2.2

    22.5
    18.1
    15.1
    19.5
    16.3
    13.3
    11.0
    7.7
    7.3
    12.5

    14.7
    12.7
    12.3
    12.5
    11.0
    9.6
    8.5
    5.9
    6.9
    10.2

    9.5
    9.2
    8.9
    8.3
    7.7
    7.1
    6.7
    6.9
    8.0
    9.7

    5.0
    4.6
    4.1
    4.6
    4.3
    3.7
    3.4
    3.1
    3.2
    4.4

    3.0
    2.9
    2.7
    2.7
    2.5
    2.3
    2.2
    2.0
    2.3
    2.6

    8.0
    7.5
    7.2
    7.5
    6.8
    6.1
    5.7
    5.1
    5.6
    7.2

    8.8
    8.6
    8.6
    7.8
    8.2
    6.8
    6.3
    5.4
    5.2
    5.5

    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.4
    0.5

    1930 ........................
    1929 ........................

    76.7
    88.2

    76.0
    87.4

    70.7
    82.3

    6.6
    8.7

    1.7
    2.1

    3.2
    3.8

    18.3
    22.0

    12.7
    13.9

    11.6
    13.7

    5.6
    6.6

    2.8
    2.8

    8.3
    8.8

    5.3
    5.1

    0.7
    0.8

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

    152

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 9-7Series F 297-348. Personal Income by States, 19292002


    Total income (millions of dollars)
    Year
    Alabama

    Alaska

    Arizona

    Arkansas

    California

    Colorado

    Connecticut

    Delaware

    District of
    Columbia

    Florida

    Georgia

    Hawaii

    Idaho

    2002 ........................
    2001 ........................

    112 592
    109 388

    20 467
    19 660

    142 725
    137 331

    63 463
    61 304

    1 155 247
    1 129 868

    149 481
    148 239

    148 211
    145 548

    26 084
    25 624

    24 760
    23 262

    494 027
    475 607

    245 707
    239 754

    37 397
    35 625

    33 585
    32 363

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    105 485
    100 422
    96 481
    91 284
    87 221
    83 903
    79 832
    75 439
    72 282
    67 650

    18 806
    17 600
    17 138
    16 488
    15 762
    15 513
    15 168
    14 789
    14 039
    13 243

    131 046
    120 264
    112 895
    103 702
    95 787
    88 870
    82 014
    74 900
    70 120
    66 077

    58 930
    55 919
    53 784
    51 055
    48 700
    45 995
    43 498
    41 190
    39 322
    36 164

    1 100 679
    995 326
    931 564
    861 557
    812 404
    771 470
    735 104
    714 107
    701 572
    669 842

    143 043
    128 386
    118 413
    108 765
    100 012
    92 947
    85 860
    80 212
    74 207
    68 992

    141 413
    130 579
    124 880
    116 421
    109 354
    104 315
    99 788
    96 866
    93 779
    88 344

    24 455
    22 716
    21 879
    20 145
    19 369
    18 237
    17 378
    16 663
    15 939
    15 204

    22 849
    20 785
    20 255
    19 135
    18 517
    18 217
    18 499
    18 251
    17 533
    16 651

    455 313
    425 157
    405 146
    377 673
    355 136
    333 525
    311 909
    296 927
    279 028
    268 304

    231 412
    213 508
    200 104
    183 757
    172 935
    159 800
    149 165
    138 771
    130 684
    121 094

    34 384
    32 626
    31 841
    31 218
    30 393
    30 202
    29 740
    29 068
    27 859
    26 198

    31 177
    28 901
    27 066
    25 226
    24 173
    22 869
    21 399
    20 105
    18 382
    16 825

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    64 095
    60 044
    55 699
    51 846
    48 704
    46 015
    42 681
    38 487
    36 052
    34 137

    12 566
    11 778
    10 776
    10 427
    10 721
    10 756
    9 958
    9 302
    8 263
    6 902

    63 319
    60 011
    55 837
    52 003
    47 848
    43 957
    39 521
    34 601
    31 629
    29 950

    34 159
    32 410
    30 493
    28 540
    27 364
    26 211
    24 496
    21 848
    20 539
    19 638

    655 567
    606 701
    561 121
    517 348
    477 762
    447 103
    411 616
    367 505
    341 872
    320 691

    65 095
    60 760
    56 387
    53 528
    51 062
    49 467
    46 762
    42 523
    39 632
    36 154

    87 935
    84 703
    78 551
    71 099
    64 598
    60 063
    55 906
    49 963
    46 782
    43 380

    14 476
    13 778
    12 507
    11 423
    10 531
    9 927
    9 061
    8 191
    7 626
    7 076

    16 078
    15 174
    14 147
    12 898
    12 146
    11 534
    10 847
    9 823
    9 389
    8 617

    258 479
    240 687
    216 505
    196 939
    179 952
    166 919
    151 952
    135 842
    123 450
    114 110

    115 414
    107 725
    100 277
    92 007
    85 126
    78 364
    71 100
    62 145
    56 801
    52 536

    24 915
    22 483
    20 399
    18 574
    17 259
    16 316
    15 328
    14 056
    12 846
    12 041

    16 054
    14 721
    13 354
    12 422
    11 851
    11 577
    10 968
    10 128
    9 368
    9 050

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    30 781
    27 855
    24 923
    22 005
    19 893
    17 537
    15 786
    14 181
    12 544
    11 279

    6 002
    5 328
    5 013
    4 906
    4 736
    3 932
    2 795
    2 266
    1 939
    1 766

    26 255
    22 702
    19 100
    16 122
    14 262
    12 640
    11 854
    10 476
    9 013
    7 860

    17 363
    16 084
    14 587
    12 514
    11 179
    10 047
    9 191
    8 203
    6 893
    6 105

    286 289
    252 213
    219 674
    191 536
    171 412
    152 721
    138 734
    124 102
    112 211
    102 416

    31 442
    27 342
    23 625
    20 400
    18 148
    16 347
    14 901
    13 252
    11 520
    10 166

    38 726
    34 008
    30 081
    26 909
    24 334
    22 329
    20 955
    19 154
    17 488
    16 227

    6 427
    5 718
    5 179
    4 707
    4 356
    3 962
    3 701
    3 400
    3 043
    2 765

    7 881
    7 432
    7 001
    6 615
    6 110
    5 731
    5 266
    4 785
    4 517
    4 162

    98 882
    84 094
    72 332
    62 309
    55 438
    50 353
    46 712
    41 495
    35 365
    30 701

    46 489
    41 633
    36 945
    32 423
    29 189
    26 061
    24 312
    22 064
    19 411
    17 268

    11 140
    9 679
    8 497
    7 652
    7 032
    6 465
    5 965
    5 178
    4 660
    4 221

    8 280
    7 363
    6 668
    5 751
    5 241
    4 635
    4 349
    3 683
    3 168
    2 778

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    10 276
    9 453
    8 669
    7 933
    7 512
    6 990
    6 417
    5 905
    5 539
    5 263

    1 595
    1 406
    1 214
    1 114
    1 006
    931
    862
    762
    700
    665

    6 897
    6 061
    5 200
    4 533
    4 175
    3 821
    3 594
    3 352
    3 188
    2 959

    5 500
    5 010
    4 581
    4 219
    3 976
    3 573
    3 370
    3 104
    2 916
    2 729

    96 421
    89 485
    81 589
    74 368
    69 086
    63 503
    59 422
    54 811
    51 276
    47 512

    9 018
    7 983
    7 168
    6 451
    5 986
    5 559
    5 197
    4 915
    4 692
    4 457

    15 468
    14 540
    13 170
    12 314
    11 247
    10 237
    9 517
    8 863
    8 405
    7 866

    2 536
    2 387
    2 178
    1 987
    1 863
    1 758
    1 595
    1 473
    1 375
    1 298

    3 789
    3 450
    3 378
    3 178
    2 961
    2 837
    2 683
    2 556
    2 440
    2 327

    27 419
    24 297
    20 898
    18 155
    16 389
    14 873
    13 573
    12 380
    11 535
    10 692

    15 630
    14 390
    12 956
    11 703
    10 779
    9 780
    8 866
    8 180
    7 533
    7 001

    3 888
    3 379
    2 950
    2 620
    2 412
    2 205
    2 012
    1 850
    1 735
    1 620

    2 552
    2 311
    2 023
    1 896
    1 785
    1 752
    1 530
    1 481
    1 448
    1 351

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    5 100
    4 889
    4 643
    4 416
    4 164
    3 882
    3 432
    3 544
    3 394
    3 198

    666
    564
    528
    539
    551
    506
    495
    514
    488
    446

    2 719
    2 489
    2 249
    2 130
    1 948
    1 729
    1 583
    1 534
    1 445
    1 274

    2 514
    2 480
    2 268
    2 156
    2 095
    2 029
    1 862
    1 897
    1 887
    1 820

    44 794
    42 383
    38 627
    36 781
    34 210
    31 248
    28 384
    27 550
    25 682
    23 154

    4 139
    3 866
    3 595
    3 501
    3 185
    2 890
    2 646
    2 594
    2 567
    2 381

    7 444
    7 145
    6 679
    6 629
    6 217
    5 696
    5 286
    5 188
    4 781
    4 377

    1 259
    1 201
    1 148
    1 127
    1 121
    975
    849
    822
    765
    713

    2 237
    2 151
    2 086
    1 995
    1 941
    1 857
    1 859
    1 904
    1 968
    1 885

    10 123
    9 664
    8 736
    8 028
    7 248
    6 269
    5 476
    5 186
    4 654
    4 135

    6 716
    6 421
    6 021
    5 736
    5 547
    5 175
    4 690
    4 717
    4 587
    4 253

    1 497
    1 307
    1 168
    1 107
    1 039
    983
    934
    921
    892
    816

    1 273
    1 243
    1 174
    1 145
    1 085
    986
    935
    924
    965
    882

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    2 778
    2 499
    2 616
    2 369
    2 191
    2 173
    2 067
    1 899
    1 528
    1 087

    324
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 033
    932
    914
    773
    690
    664
    649
    664
    486
    314

    1 616
    1 500
    1 617
    1 360
    1 364
    1 301
    1 217
    1 028
    954
    673

    20 036
    18 026
    17 740
    16 785
    16 258
    15 223
    14 664
    13 355
    10 050
    7 364

    2 015
    1 852
    1 836
    1 679
    1 449
    1 324
    1 197
    1 196
    1 014
    729

    3 813
    3 380
    3 464
    3 351
    3 020
    2 789
    2 880
    2 863
    2 549
    2 004

    666
    570
    526
    509
    470
    436
    430
    411
    363
    321

    1 796
    1 710
    1 652
    1 554
    1 541
    1 432
    1 359
    1 355
    1 171
    930

    3 664
    3 222
    3 097
    2 962
    2 891
    2 954
    2 831
    2 520
    1 723
    1 236

    3 683
    3 223
    3 220
    2 901
    2 748
    2 715
    2 627
    2 353
    1 824
    1 334

    713
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    784
    728
    741
    667
    612
    556
    563
    511
    440
    299

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    800
    708
    679
    738
    690
    591
    567
    443
    431
    593

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    252
    237
    223
    228
    205
    180
    155
    131
    137
    184

    508
    486
    446
    488
    468
    391
    350
    291
    289
    397

    5 868
    5 302
    5 134
    5 189
    4 887
    4 073
    3 652
    3 258
    3 417
    4 360

    616
    578
    563
    587
    590
    478
    396
    378
    377
    498

    1 568
    1 418
    1 294
    1 443
    1 347
    1 177
    1 078
    958
    1 015
    1 303

    276
    236
    204
    241
    220
    177
    161
    140
    145
    187

    813
    741
    706
    722
    695
    599
    525
    478
    541
    603

    1 000
    910
    816
    832
    743
    606
    552
    447
    485
    595

    1 050
    964
    896
    951
    899
    793
    725
    602
    586
    749

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    242
    228
    219
    215
    235
    192
    191
    105
    126
    170

    1930 ........................
    1929 ........................

    707
    855

    ...
    ...

    226
    258

    424
    575

    5 066
    5 482

    601
    639

    1 486
    1 633

    205
    243

    613
    613

    691
    749

    892
    1 007

    ...
    ...

    225
    227

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.


    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 9: NATIONAL INCOME AND WEALTH

    153

    Table 9-7Series F 297-348. Personal Income by States, 19292002Continued


    Per capita income (dollars)
    Year
    Alabama

    Alaska

    Arizona

    Arkansas

    California

    Colorado

    Connecticut

    Delaware

    District of
    Columbia

    Florida

    Georgia

    Hawaii

    Idaho

    2002 ........................
    2001 ........................

    25 096
    24 477

    31 792
    31 027

    26 157
    25 878

    23 417
    22 750

    32 898
    32 655

    33 170
    33 455

    42 829
    42 377

    32 307
    32 166

    43 371
    40 539

    29 559
    29 048

    28 703
    28 523

    30 040
    29 034

    25 042
    24 506

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    23 694
    22 668
    21 904
    20 899
    20 138
    19 527
    18 739
    17 901
    17 400
    16 503

    29 960
    28 170
    27 645
    26 898
    25 901
    25 667
    25 141
    24 671
    23 846
    23 226

    25 361
    23 939
    23 118
    21 892
    20 883
    20 050
    19 320
    18 424
    17 907
    17 441

    22 000
    21 087
    20 479
    19 628
    18 934
    18 141
    17 441
    16 769
    16 276
    15 175

    32 363
    29 712
    28 240
    26 521
    25 373
    24 339
    23 348
    22 833
    22 650
    21 983

    33 060
    30 380
    28 764
    27 067
    25 514
    24 289
    23 055
    22 196
    21 227
    20 369

    41 446
    38 560
    37 108
    34 759
    32 773
    31 381
    30 092
    29 272
    28 412
    26 747

    31 092
    29 312
    28 662
    26 807
    26 140
    24 992
    24 218
    23 590
    22 936
    22 257

    39 970
    36 452
    35 836
    33 704
    32 352
    31 380
    31 395
    30 658
    29 341
    27 711

    28 366
    26 978
    26 161
    24 869
    23 909
    22 942
    21 905
    21 320
    20 441
    20 068

    28 103
    26 536
    25 447
    23 911
    23 055
    21 806
    20 841
    19 886
    19 170
    18 201

    28 354
    26 957
    26 201
    25 765
    25 249
    25 234
    25 044
    24 784
    24 045
    23 046

    23 987
    22 656
    21 612
    20 534
    20 093
    19 425
    18 687
    18 133
    17 153
    16 158

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    15 826
    14 899
    13 842
    12 912
    12 202
    11 583
    10 800
    9 783
    9 185
    8 712

    22 712
    21 526
    19 882
    19 334
    19 699
    20 200
    19 385
    19 045
    18 379
    16 492

    17 187
    16 568
    15 795
    15 130
    14 463
    13 808
    12 885
    11 654
    10 945
    10 658

    14 495
    13 813
    13 016
    12 184
    11 734
    11 264
    10 560
    9 476
    8 952
    8 564

    21 882
    20 765
    19 713
    18 625
    17 628
    16 909
    15 927
    14 491
    13 774
    13 205

    19 680
    18 548
    17 285
    16 417
    15 772
    15 416
    14 751
    13 570
    12 945
    12 141

    26 712
    25 797
    24 007
    21 895
    20 038
    18 763
    17 580
    15 799
    14 903
    13 865

    21 620
    20 930
    19 312
    17 933
    16 781
    16 056
    14 816
    13 529
    12 727
    11 873

    26 561
    24 311
    22 440
    20 251
    19 030
    18 177
    17 126
    15 532
    14 805
    13 530

    19 832
    19 045
    17 593
    16 415
    15 423
    14 705
    13 764
    12 637
    11 789
    11 195

    17 722
    16 803
    15 876
    14 820
    13 990
    13 143
    12 185
    10 849
    10 054
    9 435

    22 375
    20 540
    18 891
    17 392
    16 409
    15 693
    14 912
    13 880
    12 927
    12 309

    15 858
    14 803
    13 548
    12 611
    11 968
    11 647
    11 069
    10 315
    9 621
    9 405

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    7 892
    7 199
    6 500
    5 817
    5 323
    4 765
    4 351
    3 960
    3 544
    3 225

    14 807
    13 204
    12 464
    12 346
    12 048
    10 600
    8 108
    6 801
    5 939
    5 581

    9 590
    8 604
    7 586
    6 642
    6 074
    5 528
    5 329
    4 929
    4 487
    4 145

    7 586
    7 088
    6 509
    5 670
    5 155
    4 655
    4 376
    3 985
    3 415
    3 096

    12 029
    10 846
    9 618
    8 570
    7 815
    7 091
    6 553
    5 947
    5 451
    5 034

    10 809
    9 596
    8 539
    7 567
    6 895
    6 321
    5 864
    5 310
    4 791
    4 413

    12 439
    10 971
    9 720
    8 712
    7 885
    7 239
    6 813
    6 241
    5 697
    5 300

    10 803
    9 549
    8 658
    7 913
    7 349
    6 729
    6 347
    5 871
    5 303
    4 892

    12 347
    11 336
    10 448
    9 702
    8 775
    8 068
    7 306
    6 522
    6 073
    5 545

    10 049
    8 879
    7 921
    7 010
    6 376
    5 895
    5 616
    5 235
    4 703
    4 286

    8 474
    7 722
    6 989
    6 221
    5 694
    5 152
    4 867
    4 497
    4 038
    3 666

    11 512
    10 188
    9 148
    8 356
    7 880
    7 388
    6 952
    6 151
    5 697
    5 332

    8 735
    7 894
    7 319
    6 510
    6 116
    5 571
    5 382
    4 709
    4 150
    3 761

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    2 979
    2 748
    2 516
    2 294
    2 169
    2 030
    1 890
    1 758
    1 667
    1 587

    5 243
    4 749
    4 258
    4 009
    3 713
    3 435
    3 276
    2 978
    2 846
    2 795

    3 843
    3 489
    3 092
    2 754
    2 587
    2 412
    2 310
    2 204
    2 167
    2 103

    2 849
    2 619
    2 409
    2 219
    2 094
    1 886
    1 777
    1 656
    1 574
    1 511

    4 815
    4 540
    4 207
    3 878
    3 663
    3 417
    3 274
    3 102
    3 004
    2 880

    4 055
    3 686
    3 381
    3 142
    2 982
    2 800
    2 638
    2 539
    2 471
    2 417

    5 090
    4 847
    4 443
    4 195
    3 874
    3 583
    3 401
    3 250
    3 175
    3 042

    4 608
    4 421
    4 079
    3 785
    3 610
    3 468
    3 210
    3 049
    2 933
    2 815

    5 018
    4 528
    4 342
    4 017
    3 744
    3 559
    3 363
    3 203
    3 097
    2 991

    4 006
    3 659
    3 249
    2 909
    2 685
    2 498
    2 348
    2 200
    2 113
    2 039

    3 394
    3 162
    2 891
    2 655
    2 462
    2 258
    2 082
    1 961
    1 844
    1 744

    5 096
    4 548
    4 019
    3 624
    3 397
    3 132
    2 874
    2 712
    2 536
    2 458

    3 558
    3 269
    2 910
    2 755
    2 591
    2 554
    2 250
    2 168
    2 092
    1 975

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    1 558
    1 526
    1 468
    1 421
    1 356
    1 273
    1 139
    1 161
    1 106
    1 045

    2 907
    2 520
    2 357
    2 332
    2 460
    2 280
    2 304
    2 509
    2 584
    2 823

    2 059
    1 974
    1 885
    1 893
    1 850
    1 752
    1 696
    1 716
    1 716
    1 623

    1 405
    1 412
    1 314
    1 244
    1 230
    1 176
    1 074
    1 066
    1 027
    957

    2 823
    2 740
    2 596
    2 579
    2 495
    2 379
    2 227
    2 249
    2 207
    2 080

    2 340
    2 261
    2 157
    2 104
    1 960
    1 869
    1 773
    1 813
    1 880
    1 796

    2 926
    2 832
    2 731
    2 810
    2 684
    2 477
    2 350
    2 393
    2 298
    2 158

    2 805
    2 724
    2 651
    2 645
    2 749
    2 507
    2 306
    2 341
    2 244
    2 155

    2 924
    2 827
    2 756
    2 615
    2 558
    2 365
    2 350
    2 350
    2 445
    2 332

    2 023
    2 010
    1 887
    1 836
    1 791
    1 673
    1 562
    1 567
    1 474
    1 388

    1 698
    1 660
    1 583
    1 523
    1 499
    1 423
    1 302
    1 326
    1 280
    1 204

    2 332
    2 101
    1 931
    1 931
    1 895
    1 859
    1 853
    1 846
    1 802
    1 626

    1 898
    1 891
    1 817
    1 783
    1 728
    1 596
    1 559
    1 550
    1 644
    1 497

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    909
    833
    881
    805
    754
    784
    738
    658
    518
    375

    2 400
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 367
    1 305
    1 324
    1 186
    1 117
    1 124
    1 050
    1 004
    917
    638

    847
    813
    886
    741
    756
    740
    687
    559
    481
    342

    1 877
    1 744
    1 763
    1 693
    1 671
    1 583
    1 583
    1 549
    1 286
    1 013

    1 521
    1 430
    1 454
    1 359
    1 211
    1 189
    1 065
    1 039
    895
    649

    1 891
    1 663
    1 720
    1 702
    1 580
    1 565
    1 599
    1 593
    1 418
    1 145

    2 075
    1 805
    1 685
    1 664
    1 565
    1 526
    1 504
    1 464
    1 291
    1 164

    2 228
    2 118
    1 967
    1 780
    1 725
    1 656
    1 577
    1 526
    1 384
    1 217

    1 304
    1 208
    1 201
    1 167
    1 169
    1 174
    1 114
    1 009
    787
    609

    1 065
    969
    988
    887
    845
    879
    831
    725
    567
    419

    1 429
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 329
    1 277
    1 345
    1 278
    1 203
    1 135
    1 095
    1 025
    914
    596

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    281
    252
    244
    267
    251
    217
    211
    166
    162
    224

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    505
    490
    478
    504
    462
    416
    362
    308
    321
    429

    260
    249
    231
    256
    247
    207
    187
    157
    157
    215

    844
    781
    771
    795
    771
    660
    603
    546
    580
    749

    545
    516
    506
    532
    542
    444
    368
    353
    354
    471

    918
    836
    769
    860
    806
    706
    653
    583
    620
    801

    1 027
    899
    795
    949
    868
    701
    645
    564
    590
    775

    1 178
    1 127
    1 106
    1 172
    1 105
    985
    925
    903
    1 054
    1 196

    522
    495
    460
    487
    450
    376
    348
    288
    319
    398

    337
    309
    290
    313
    302
    268
    244
    204
    200
    256

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    463
    437
    426
    423
    475
    399
    403
    227
    274
    374

    1930 ........................
    1929 ........................

    267
    323

    ...
    ...

    520
    600

    228
    310

    887
    991

    578
    634

    921
    1 024

    857
    1 032

    1 256
    1 269

    470
    518

    307
    347

    ...
    ...

    503
    507

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.


    . . . = Not available.

    154

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 9-7Series F 297-348. Personal Income by States, 19292002Continued


    Total income (millions of dollars)
    Year
    Illinois

    Indiana

    Iowa

    Kansas

    Kentucky

    Louisiana

    Maine

    Maryland

    Massachusetts

    Michigan

    Minnesota

    Mississippi

    Missouri

    2002 ........................
    2001 ........................

    419 858
    413 044

    173 889
    168 622

    82 642
    79 822

    78 322
    76 828

    105 013
    101 223

    113 725
    109 317

    35 991
    34 491

    197 156
    190 015

    250 966
    248 778

    303 745
    296 480

    170 142
    164 784

    64 242
    61 922

    163 603
    159 093

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    401 803
    373 813
    362 081
    340 594
    322 790
    304 767
    288 509
    274 221
    264 869
    245 952

    164 543
    154 405
    149 318
    139 459
    132 890
    126 525
    121 537
    114 675
    108 845
    101 147

    77 730
    72 908
    71 280
    67 938
    64 696
    60 171
    57 999
    53 391
    53 161
    49 849

    73 882
    69 997
    67 896
    63 728
    60 074
    56 627
    54 857
    52 250
    50 407
    46 990

    98 215
    91 218
    88 148
    82 927
    78 221
    74 080
    70 781
    67 559
    65 060
    60 329

    103 630
    99 052
    97 458
    92 286
    87 879
    84 573
    80 872
    75 911
    72 466
    68 179

    32 867
    30 680
    29 469
    27 773
    26 434
    25 046
    24 174
    23 292
    22 676
    21 820

    180 941
    167 360
    158 501
    148 826
    140 809
    135 115
    129 849
    124 076
    119 417
    114 466

    241 963
    217 066
    205 176
    191 596
    180 237
    170 052
    161 886
    154 262
    149 096
    142 464

    292 786
    276 187
    264 520
    250 216
    238 095
    231 594
    219 121
    203 828
    192 038
    181 495

    159 037
    147 151
    140 031
    129 020
    122 080
    113 217
    107 152
    99 787
    97 025
    90 714

    59 597
    56 799
    55 072
    51 598
    48 898
    46 242
    44 077
    40 768
    38 398
    35 775

    154 099
    143 814
    138 987
    131 144
    123 992
    117 640
    112 314
    106 298
    101 493
    95 730

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    237 593
    224 024
    210 272
    196 947
    185 432
    176 786
    167 548
    151 615
    145 889
    140 177

    97 907
    92 630
    85 759
    80 258
    75 382
    71 752
    67 928
    61 063
    58 494
    56 752

    48 313
    45 888
    42 399
    41 225
    39 144
    37 903
    36 586
    32 967
    32 425
    31 894

    45 104
    42 267
    40 207
    38 107
    36 256
    34 784
    32 971
    29 888
    28 789
    26 824

    57 175
    53 696
    49 939
    47 081
    44 234
    42 703
    40 877
    36 423
    35 319
    33 439

    64 229
    59 528
    56 239
    53 287
    53 005
    53 432
    51 171
    47 754
    45 955
    42 990

    21 521
    20 600
    19 036
    17 289
    15 754
    14 575
    13 480
    12 078
    11 223
    10 459

    110 450
    104 005
    96 072
    87 731
    80 612
    74 852
    68 506
    61 372
    56 730
    52 861

    139 772
    135 096
    127 580
    115 761
    105 976
    98 329
    90 815
    80 376
    73 889
    68 242

    177 103
    169 113
    158 529
    148 191
    142 146
    133 728
    122 857
    110 771
    104 477
    102 455

    87 795
    82 277
    75 578
    71 570
    66 784
    63 152
    59 267
    52 158
    49 546
    46 546

    33 928
    32 281
    30 177
    28 249
    26 695
    25 679
    24 397
    22 120
    21 223
    20 061

    91 000
    87 050
    81 744
    77 115
    72 859
    69 342
    64 479
    57 919
    54 396
    51 576

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    126 662
    117 000
    106 079
    95 637
    86 598
    78 990
    72 877
    66 471
    59 280
    54 617

    51 881
    48 256
    43 602
    38 910
    35 002
    31 197
    29 103
    27 177
    23 593
    21 549

    28 181
    26 584
    24 630
    21 225
    19 106
    17 841
    16 050
    15 460
    12 796
    11 421

    23 781
    21 690
    18 853
    16 937
    15 448
    14 097
    12 965
    11 943
    10 405
    9 309

    30 159
    27 838
    24 501
    21 788
    19 283
    17 113
    15 741
    13 974
    12 394
    11 185

    37 301
    32 342
    28 314
    24 636
    21 960
    19 263
    17 233
    15 132
    13 515
    12 348

    9 474
    8 434
    7 531
    6 789
    6 222
    5 386
    5 050
    4 520
    3 999
    3 650

    47 475
    42 381
    38 168
    34 360
    31 442
    28 592
    26 378
    23 923
    21 593
    19 684

    61 329
    54 427
    48 698
    43 863
    40 208
    37 100
    34 802
    32 108
    29 420
    27 244

    95 967
    89 727
    81 287
    72 863
    64 588
    57 191
    53 984
    50 370
    44 815
    40 381

    42 157
    37 996
    33 924
    30 085
    26 623
    24 404
    22 757
    21 099
    17 898
    16 467

    17 868
    16 425
    14 445
    12 937
    11 562
    10 093
    9 362
    8 489
    7 403
    6 495

    46 217
    42 601
    37 933
    33 874
    30 416
    27 494
    25 277
    23 574
    21 120
    19 396

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    50 948
    48 062
    44 470
    41 436
    38 998
    35 930
    33 130
    31 012
    29 832
    28 251

    19 827
    19 099
    17 321
    15 932
    15 204
    14 059
    12 710
    11 930
    11 361
    10 622

    10 924
    10 244
    9 285
    8 638
    8 470
    7 769
    6 999
    6 680
    6 280
    6 008

    8 577
    7 934
    7 242
    6 662
    6 366
    5 932
    5 557
    5 285
    5 143
    4 934

    10 287
    9 503
    8 684
    7 934
    7 330
    6 701
    6 171
    5 900
    5 611
    5 288

    11 336
    10 498
    9 904
    9 049
    8 274
    7 477
    6 904
    6 446
    6 041
    5 723

    3 412
    3 115
    2 854
    2 669
    2 536
    2 376
    2 197
    2 035
    1 971
    1 894

    18 010
    16 281
    14 616
    13 210
    12 133
    10 998
    10 062
    9 216
    8 608
    7 962

    25 589
    23 770
    21 928
    20 043
    18 439
    17 060
    15 972
    14 956
    14 390
    13 595

    37 310
    36 400
    33 970
    30 675
    29 364
    26 865
    24 142
    21 983
    20 559
    19 156

    15 463
    14 201
    12 824
    11 644
    10 839
    9 988
    9 038
    8 685
    8 190
    7 758

    5 866
    5 345
    4 876
    4 459
    4 129
    3 792
    3 490
    3 363
    3 054
    2 917

    18 003
    16 522
    15 396
    13 920
    13 096
    12 229
    11 253
    10 660
    10 154
    9 635

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    27 236
    26 387
    24 827
    24 383
    23 369
    21 418
    20 144
    20 020
    18 725
    17 808

    10 324
    9 832
    9 233
    9 250
    8 951
    8 319
    7 699
    8 126
    7 377
    7 009

    5 679
    5 528
    5 388
    5 265
    4 751
    4 475
    4 694
    4 357
    4 530
    4 286

    4 726
    4 548
    4 495
    4 066
    3 858
    3 668
    3 658
    3 468
    3 612
    3 124

    4 967
    4 812
    4 569
    4 367
    4 166
    3 918
    3 741
    3 789
    3 612
    3 390

    5 510
    5 406
    5 159
    5 034
    4 554
    4 115
    3 861
    3 849
    3 631
    3 350

    1 871
    1 771
    1 696
    1 622
    1 565
    1 477
    1 342
    1 323
    1 316
    1 209

    7 492
    7 127
    6 734
    6 512
    6 138
    5 613
    5 203
    5 179
    4 859
    4 430

    12 957
    12 434
    11 627
    11 319
    10 731
    10 109
    9 476
    9 356
    8 813
    8 459

    19 096
    18 315
    17 223
    17 480
    16 989
    16 303
    14 671
    15 021
    13 203
    12 320

    7 382
    6 950
    6 680
    6 318
    5 954
    5 676
    5 367
    5 217
    4 949
    4 762

    2 698
    2 661
    2 412
    2 219
    2 192
    2 153
    1 916
    1 978
    1 949
    1 841

    9 326
    9 054
    8 556
    8 162
    7 930
    7 515
    7 019
    6 983
    6 589
    6 241

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    16 003
    14 609
    15 532
    13 672
    12 523
    11 151
    10 697
    9 766
    8 341
    7 130

    6 047
    5 388
    5 643
    4 963
    4 458
    4 284
    4 116
    3 918
    3 211
    2 521

    4 021
    3 496
    4 177
    3 054
    3 071
    2 513
    2 300
    2 388
    2 038
    1 517

    2 803
    2 501
    2 558
    2 426
    2 048
    2 003
    2 061
    1 883
    1 506
    976

    2 906
    2 672
    2 804
    2 423
    2 279
    2 091
    2 005
    1 885
    1 512
    1 125

    3 012
    2 828
    2 644
    2 282
    2 116
    2 146
    2 170
    2 012
    1 505
    1 123

    1 095
    1 068
    1 088
    999
    947
    865
    887
    889
    718
    537

    3 867
    3 484
    3 407
    3 057
    2 928
    2 815
    2 854
    2 698
    2 247
    1 669

    7 758
    7 016
    7 065
    6 584
    6 333
    5 811
    5 667
    5 397
    4 708
    3 963

    11 009
    9 669
    9 710
    8 903
    7 808
    7 246
    7 593
    7 309
    5 830
    4 530

    4 306
    3 898
    4 161
    3 551
    3 256
    2 812
    2 537
    2 435
    2 122
    1 673

    1 675
    1 470
    1 666
    1 412
    1 266
    1 308
    1 333
    1 202
    967
    672

    5 658
    5 151
    5 288
    4 709
    4 477
    3 968
    3 799
    3 558
    3 085
    2 441

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    5 937
    5 557
    5 096
    5 744
    5 092
    4 471
    3 921
    3 392
    3 761
    5 155

    1 890
    1 764
    1 598
    1 847
    1 610
    1 401
    1 190
    971
    1 016
    1 425

    1 272
    1 197
    1 143
    1 306
    986
    1 073
    675
    630
    740
    994

    760
    696
    706
    794
    723
    677
    536
    469
    501
    754

    916
    862
    831
    949
    813
    727
    635
    553
    565
    772

    862
    839
    795
    796
    742
    646
    584
    494
    518
    675

    447
    419
    397
    429
    425
    359
    345
    304
    308
    396

    1 306
    1 188
    1 119
    1 167
    1 078
    948
    895
    790
    859
    1 058

    3 364
    3 146
    2 933
    3 192
    3 110
    2 793
    2 622
    2 395
    2 613
    3 223

    3 616
    3 224
    2 893
    3 405
    3 027
    2 564
    2 175
    1 659
    1 885
    2 592

    1 461
    1 434
    1 359
    1 482
    1 291
    1 224
    964
    824
    961
    1 196

    467
    445
    427
    468
    474
    365
    356
    266
    254
    349

    1 964
    1 906
    1 797
    1 927
    1 771
    1 597
    1 387
    1 260
    1 368
    1 823

    1930 ........................
    1929 ........................

    6 169
    7 211

    1 667
    1 958

    1 263
    1 429

    879
    994

    852
    1 023

    748
    863

    461
    479

    1 164
    1 245

    3 551
    3 832

    3 174
    3 788

    1 423
    1 541

    405
    571

    2 046
    2 250

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

    SECTION 9: NATIONAL INCOME AND WEALTH

    155

    Table 9-7Series F 297-348. Personal Income by States, 19292002Continued


    Per capita income (dollars)
    Year
    Illinois

    Indiana

    Iowa

    Kansas

    Kentucky

    Louisiana

    Maine

    Maryland

    Massachusetts

    Michigan

    Minnesota

    Mississippi

    Missouri

    2002 ........................
    2001 ........................

    33 320
    32 990

    28 233
    27 522

    28 141
    27 225

    28 838
    28 432

    25 657
    24 878

    25 370
    24 454

    27 804
    26 853

    36 121
    35 279

    39 044
    38 864

    30 222
    29 629

    33 895
    33 059

    22 370
    21 653

    28 841
    28 221

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    32 297
    30 246
    29 505
    27 950
    26 672
    25 379
    24 219
    23 220
    22 650
    21 260

    27 010
    25 543
    24 891
    23 418
    22 501
    21 623
    20 978
    19 982
    19 181
    18 009

    26 540
    24 989
    24 555
    23 499
    22 464
    20 985
    20 345
    18 820
    18 862
    17 818

    27 439
    26 134
    25 519
    24 182
    22 977
    21 771
    21 258
    20 438
    19 905
    18 806

    24 258
    22 702
    22 118
    20 979
    19 957
    19 056
    18 389
    17 722
    17 278
    16 207

    23 185
    22 205
    21 948
    20 874
    19 978
    19 314
    18 602
    17 587
    16 880
    16 030

    25 732
    24 218
    23 404
    22 134
    21 163
    20 142
    19 453
    18 749
    18 309
    17 638

    34 060
    31 851
    30 455
    28 857
    27 545
    26 650
    25 850
    24 956
    24 255
    23 516

    38 034
    34 360
    32 714
    30 773
    29 166
    27 689
    26 559
    25 453
    24 731
    23 671

    29 408
    27 906
    26 860
    25 509
    24 398
    23 934
    22 830
    21 365
    20 259
    19 307

    32 231
    30 194
    29 092
    27 086
    25 904
    24 295
    23 241
    21 903
    21 582
    20 427

    20 920
    20 082
    19 635
    18 580
    17 793
    16 984
    16 392
    15 355
    14 635
    13 766

    27 493
    25 857
    25 171
    23 926
    22 828
    21 873
    21 094
    20 166
    19 454
    18 514

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    20 744
    19 634
    18 461
    17 289
    16 284
    15 508
    14 682
    13 289
    12 771
    12 250

    17 616
    16 770
    15 616
    14 664
    13 821
    13 143
    12 445
    11 203
    10 698
    10 355

    17 372
    16 562
    15 315
    14 899
    14 020
    13 395
    12 798
    11 485
    11 227
    10 968

    18 177
    17 093
    16 331
    15 583
    14 904
    14 330
    13 602
    12 373
    11 989
    11 248

    15 478
    14 602
    13 570
    12 782
    11 995
    11 558
    11 062
    9 859
    9 589
    9 110

    15 215
    13 997
    13 113
    12 266
    12 028
    12 121
    11 628
    10 865
    10 558
    10 037

    17 473
    16 886
    15 813
    14 595
    13 463
    12 533
    11 665
    10 551
    9 873
    9 231

    23 012
    22 001
    20 626
    19 216
    17 966
    16 961
    15 693
    14 228
    13 246
    12 403

    23 208
    22 458
    21 334
    19 504
    17 954
    16 720
    15 549
    13 859
    12 803
    11 830

    19 020
    18 276
    17 198
    16 130
    15 573
    14 734
    13 576
    12 243
    11 462
    11 125

    20 000
    18 966
    17 592
    16 899
    15 881
    15 093
    14 255
    12 594
    11 992
    11 320

    13 156
    12 540
    11 695
    10 913
    10 293
    9 922
    9 463
    8 615
    8 301
    7 901

    17 743
    17 083
    16 086
    15 250
    14 505
    13 868
    12 960
    11 716
    11 035
    10 457

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    11 077
    10 243
    9 277
    8 385
    7 623
    6 986
    6 464
    5 903
    5 266
    4 874

    9 449
    8 814
    8 006
    7 199
    6 516
    5 830
    5 440
    5 100
    4 455
    4 105

    9 671
    9 114
    8 438
    7 283
    6 580
    6 192
    5 596
    5 398
    4 473
    4 005

    10 038
    9 240
    8 082
    7 307
    6 721
    6 186
    5 717
    5 274
    4 613
    4 145

    8 231
    7 640
    6 784
    6 095
    5 462
    4 933
    4 607
    4 145
    3 715
    3 391

    8 833
    7 813
    6 951
    6 135
    5 557
    4 956
    4 510
    3 994
    3 593
    3 328

    8 408
    7 497
    6 751
    6 142
    5 708
    5 019
    4 764
    4 319
    3 864
    3 594

    11 230
    10 035
    9 062
    8 191
    7 536
    6 878
    6 382
    5 822
    5 291
    4 894

    10 673
    9 472
    8 480
    7 636
    6 994
    6 439
    6 024
    5 551
    5 106
    4 748

    10 369
    9 701
    8 834
    7 957
    7 084
    6 279
    5 926
    5 552
    4 966
    4 501

    10 320
    9 409
    8 471
    7 559
    6 729
    6 216
    5 838
    5 431
    4 628
    4 275

    7 076
    6 549
    5 806
    5 259
    4 757
    4 205
    3 936
    3 613
    3 208
    2 867

    9 390
    8 713
    7 787
    6 991
    6 306
    5 733
    5 282
    4 937
    4 443
    4 107

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    4 580
    4 354
    4 045
    3 785
    3 599
    3 360
    3 131
    2 981
    2 902
    2 789

    3 810
    3 714
    3 401
    3 153
    3 041
    2 856
    2 617
    2 486
    2 399
    2 246

    3 862
    3 652
    3 312
    3 093
    3 067
    2 833
    2 549
    2 432
    2 284
    2 180

    3 816
    3 548
    3 268
    3 032
    2 894
    2 689
    2 516
    2 384
    2 305
    2 227

    3 184
    2 971
    2 718
    2 501
    2 329
    2 134
    1 972
    1 906
    1 822
    1 731

    3 106
    2 901
    2 749
    2 527
    2 331
    2 139
    2 003
    1 909
    1 806
    1 741

    3 423
    3 140
    2 872
    2 658
    2 539
    2 383
    2 212
    2 049
    1 983
    1 903

    4 573
    4 209
    3 831
    3 516
    3 284
    3 055
    2 881
    2 722
    2 638
    2 507

    4 486
    4 207
    3 903
    3 583
    3 331
    3 101
    2 932
    2 799
    2 734
    2 605

    4 194
    4 145
    3 906
    3 554
    3 450
    3 215
    2 949
    2 728
    2 592
    2 427

    4 053
    3 779
    3 463
    3 182
    2 997
    2 781
    2 540
    2 460
    2 331
    2 236

    2 641
    2 408
    2 197
    2 001
    1 839
    1 688
    1 557
    1 499
    1 362
    1 322

    3 843
    3 561
    3 370
    3 067
    2 895
    2 738
    2 533
    2 427
    2 330
    2 215

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    2 700
    2 642
    2 511
    2 522
    2 452
    2 270
    2 177
    2 209
    2 091
    2 026

    2 209
    2 131
    2 015
    2 042
    2 008
    1 907
    1 805
    1 943
    1 778
    1 711

    2 061
    2 026
    1 990
    1 939
    1 758
    1 670
    1 788
    1 657
    1 725
    1 638

    2 165
    2 106
    2 098
    1 911
    1 821
    1 753
    1 791
    1 739
    1 827
    1 602

    1 633
    1 604
    1 543
    1 491
    1 437
    1 346
    1 289
    1 305
    1 237
    1 153

    1 690
    1 685
    1 635
    1 616
    1 502
    1 397
    1 339
    1 343
    1 278
    1 210

    1 919
    1 850
    1 797
    1 720
    1 669
    1 581
    1 448
    1 449
    1 438
    1 319

    2 407
    2 324
    2 258
    2 267
    2 184
    2 047
    1 938
    2 017
    1 944
    1 815

    2 511
    2 430
    2 321
    2 296
    2 194
    2 071
    1 930
    1 947
    1 895
    1 817

    2 438
    2 358
    2 246
    2 309
    2 275
    2 238
    2 076
    2 202
    1 985
    1 896

    2 155
    2 065
    2 016
    1 930
    1 838
    1 790
    1 724
    1 711
    1 633
    1 582

    1 237
    1 245
    1 156
    1 063
    1 051
    1 045
    928
    940
    906
    851

    2 156
    2 126
    2 044
    1 949
    1 905
    1 818
    1 726
    1 737
    1 659
    1 554

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    1 831
    1 685
    1 816
    1 639
    1 534
    1 465
    1 386
    1 258
    1 036
    892

    1 524
    1 361
    1 456
    1 313
    1 204
    1 251
    1 198
    1 138
    913
    724

    1 532
    1 356
    1 642
    1 217
    1 245
    1 092
    1 003
    1 024
    835
    609

    1 463
    1 299
    1 352
    1 310
    1 136
    1 165
    1 169
    1 045
    851
    552

    990
    938
    995
    865
    826
    803
    767
    701
    538
    395

    1 117
    1 074
    1 019
    885
    833
    889
    876
    786
    592
    449

    1 195
    1 183
    1 240
    1 169
    1 134
    1 079
    1 102
    1 102
    857
    631

    1 642
    1 496
    1 500
    1 355
    1 315
    1 312
    1 324
    1 287
    1 117
    870

    1 656
    1 480
    1 512
    1 435
    1 396
    1 348
    1 299
    1 262
    1 073
    901

    1 718
    1 527
    1 563
    1 466
    1 329
    1 325
    1 391
    1 354
    1 050
    829

    1 437
    1 328
    1 451
    1 270
    1 190
    1 110
    1 006
    947
    797
    615

    770
    705
    802
    670
    611
    629
    629
    533
    439
    307

    1 427
    1 327
    1 376
    1 224
    1 191
    1 130
    1 068
    963
    806
    640

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    751
    704
    648
    731
    650
    573
    505
    437
    486
    671

    551
    518
    472
    547
    481
    421
    359
    294
    310
    438

    501
    475
    458
    523
    393
    425
    269
    253
    297
    400

    425
    382
    383
    428
    387
    362
    287
    250
    266
    401

    320
    305
    297
    341
    294
    265
    233
    205
    211
    291

    364
    360
    348
    353
    330
    290
    265
    227
    241
    318

    526
    495
    471
    510
    506
    430
    416
    371
    377
    491

    710
    663
    633
    665
    618
    548
    523
    466
    512
    638

    779
    724
    672
    732
    714
    643
    609
    559
    613
    759

    680
    625
    572
    685
    619
    530
    453
    347
    394
    540

    524
    517
    494
    540
    472
    451
    358
    308
    363
    457

    215
    205
    201
    224
    229
    177
    174
    131
    127
    175

    519
    504
    475
    508
    466
    420
    367
    334
    365
    491

    1930 ........................
    1929 ........................

    807
    948

    514
    607

    510
    581

    467
    532

    325
    393

    355
    414

    576
    601

    712
    768

    836
    906

    657
    790

    552
    599

    202
    286

    561
    621

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

    156

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 9-7Series F 297-348. Personal Income by States, 19292002Continued


    Total income (millions of dollars)
    Year
    Montana

    Nebraska

    Nevada

    New
    New Jersey
    Hampshire

    New
    Mexico

    New York

    North
    Carolina

    North
    Dakota

    Ohio

    Oklahoma

    Oregon

    Pennsylvania

    2002 ........................
    2001 ........................

    22 650
    21 769

    51 086
    49 642

    65 571
    63 200

    43 703
    42 779

    339 889
    328 743

    44 352
    42 260

    684 070
    684 704

    229 356
    224 094

    16 846
    16 422

    334 832
    326 876

    87 818
    86 550

    100 481
    98 026

    390 560
    378 350

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    20 744
    19 405
    18 942
    17 726
    16 992
    16 297
    15 499
    15 178
    14 076
    13 337

    47 599
    45 293
    43 313
    40 724
    39 618
    36 293
    34 325
    32 513
    31 548
    29 853

    60 149
    55 439
    52 017
    47 258
    43 331
    39 377
    35 878
    32 386
    30 199
    27 349

    41 265
    37 121
    35 198
    32 397
    30 228
    28 650
    26 990
    25 273
    24 652
    23 609

    318 222
    288 796
    278 788
    260 705
    246 659
    233 209
    220 817
    213 419
    208 197
    195 796

    39 692
    37 725
    36 857
    34 860
    33 232
    31 716
    29 670
    27 819
    25 964
    24 358

    665 762
    616 292
    590 406
    553 543
    530 990
    503 163
    478 586
    464 201
    455 657
    431 672

    217 727
    202 455
    192 577
    179 691
    167 638
    157 634
    147 793
    139 239
    130 627
    120 648

    16 022
    14 848
    14 709
    13 332
    13 607
    12 243
    12 177
    11 362
    11 242
    10 318

    319 653
    304 342
    293 208
    279 367
    264 162
    255 313
    245 156
    232 463
    222 812
    210 117

    82 931
    77 512
    74 677
    69 951
    66 289
    63 333
    60 800
    58 395
    56 155
    52 947

    95 508
    89 080
    85 305
    80 575
    75 561
    71 209
    66 130
    61 916
    58 163
    54 891

    365 626
    342 357
    330 733
    313 457
    299 001
    285 923
    275 337
    267 020
    258 186
    244 892

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    12 416
    11 693
    10 693
    10 463
    10 143
    9 785
    9 609
    8 991
    8 580
    8 147

    28 591
    26 581
    25 119
    23 553
    22 379
    21 778
    20 601
    18 379
    17 761
    16 866

    25 194
    22 256
    19 544
    17 281
    15 716
    14 581
    13 351
    12 145
    11 448
    10 833

    23 029
    22 792
    21 390
    19 369
    17 399
    15 767
    14 198
    12 495
    11 284
    10 377

    192 117
    182 298
    170 764
    155 179
    142 617
    133 549
    124 377
    112 284
    104 023
    96 717

    22 739
    21 183
    19 854
    18 756
    17 883
    17 259
    15 889
    14 455
    13 493
    12 440

    419 743
    395 022
    369 668
    340 068
    317 914
    297 729
    279 294
    250 945
    234 717
    217 203

    115 609
    108 585
    100 196
    91 734
    84 988
    79 105
    72 659
    63 685
    58 324
    54 704

    10 121
    9 280
    8 352
    8 968
    8 788
    8 673
    8 375
    7 704
    7 352
    6 820

    204 114
    193 035
    180 757
    168 668
    160 236
    153 456
    144 407
    130 647
    123 547
    118 479

    51 027
    48 090
    45 153
    43 221
    43 222
    43 396
    41 683
    38 579
    37 887
    34 067

    52 178
    48 060
    44 030
    40 274
    38 003
    36 205
    34 309
    31 392
    29 654
    28 981

    235 802
    222 195
    205 200
    190 657
    178 938
    170 034
    159 652
    147 437
    140 802
    132 632

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    7 211
    6 549
    6 053
    5 119
    4 703
    4 341
    3 966
    3 646
    3 132
    2 694

    14 578
    13 742
    12 674
    10 870
    9 996
    9 507
    8 404
    8 054
    6 873
    6 200

    9 544
    8 237
    7 035
    5 798
    4 993
    4 345
    3 873
    3 478
    3 038
    2 718

    9 164
    8 007
    6 960
    6 009
    5 301
    4 642
    4 313
    3 913
    3 457
    3 126

    86 877
    77 188
    69 206
    62 130
    56 572
    51 658
    48 236
    44 327
    40 507
    37 335

    11 002
    9 756
    8 571
    7 459
    6 606
    5 866
    5 160
    4 568
    4 054
    3 613

    194 906
    175 040
    159 114
    145 544
    134 395
    125 420
    117 323
    108 803
    101 636
    95 115

    48 648
    43 288
    38 921
    34 339
    31 233
    27 889
    25 904
    23 492
    20 647
    18 255

    5 297
    5 477
    5 294
    4 172
    3 990
    4 044
    3 881
    3 903
    2 761
    2 299

    109 120
    99 899
    89 887
    80 906
    72 611
    65 556
    61 722
    56 188
    50 410
    46 461

    29 131
    25 200
    21 518
    18 874
    16 867
    15 176
    13 623
    12 188
    10 682
    9 716

    26 930
    24 275
    21 272
    18 431
    16 398
    14 367
    13 062
    11 497
    10 153
    9 056

    120 478
    109 533
    98 539
    89 035
    80 837
    73 412
    67 674
    61 420
    55 755
    51 036

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    2 527
    2 279
    2 068
    1 967
    1 930
    1 799
    1 670
    1 638
    1 649
    1 410

    5 648
    5 266
    4 646
    4 357
    4 208
    3 907
    3 546
    3 456
    3 355
    3 085

    2 440
    2 170
    1 909
    1 643
    1 548
    1 465
    1 367
    1 260
    1 121
    931

    2 890
    2 711
    2 440
    2 204
    2 018
    1 831
    1 692
    1 575
    1 512
    1 409

    34 763
    32 106
    29 679
    26 965
    25 019
    23 104
    21 473
    20 009
    19 064
    17 730

    3 271
    2 953
    2 693
    2 490
    2 402
    2 277
    2 146
    2 032
    1 964
    1 883

    89 292
    83 346
    77 536
    70 368
    65 248
    60 686
    57 227
    53 604
    51 553
    48 899

    16 748
    15 351
    13 782
    12 504
    11 568
    10 419
    9 646
    8 903
    8 459
    7 874

    1 989
    1 895
    1 689
    1 622
    1 622
    1 598
    1 371
    1 380
    1 478
    1 060

    43 748
    41 555
    38 026
    34 463
    32 865
    30 070
    27 757
    26 001
    24 972
    23 697

    8 925
    8 108
    7 380
    6 726
    6 178
    5 760
    5 372
    5 013
    4 839
    4 633

    8 276
    7 582
    6 910
    6 335
    5 971
    5 524
    5 069
    4 708
    4 467
    4 197

    48 153
    44 796
    41 175
    37 912
    35 457
    32 880
    30 668
    28 684
    27 691
    26 592

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    1 409
    1 354
    1 377
    1 323
    1 266
    1 204
    1 105
    1 115
    1 097
    1 076

    3 011
    2 825
    2 800
    2 699
    2 341
    2 267
    2 349
    2 209
    2 309
    2 160

    841
    767
    698
    666
    622
    599
    514
    477
    434
    371

    1 338
    1 266
    1 164
    1 148
    1 075
    1 019
    943
    904
    844
    798

    16 870
    16 001
    14 872
    14 633
    13 745
    12 656
    11 894
    11 670
    10 832
    10 014

    1 797
    1 741
    1 617
    1 468
    1 310
    1 211
    1 116
    1 091
    1 046
    965

    46 937
    44 974
    42 383
    41 289
    38 919
    36 640
    34 401
    33 283
    31 247
    29 817

    7 447
    7 046
    6 585
    6 219
    6 186
    5 803
    5 343
    5 248
    5 054
    4 909

    1 155
    1 038
    1 119
    978
    954
    916
    833
    813
    801
    872

    23 278
    22 378
    20 902
    21 111
    20 088
    18 819
    17 432
    17 386
    15 854
    14 789

    4 475
    4 251
    4 067
    3 780
    3 620
    3 411
    3 221
    3 217
    3 108
    2 850

    4 046
    3 917
    3 618
    3 518
    3 515
    3 282
    3 036
    3 067
    3 024
    2 848

    26 067
    25 169
    23 926
    23 817
    22 633
    20 945
    19 767
    20 195
    18 785
    17 915

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    981
    803
    890
    787
    672
    575
    557
    555
    470
    387

    2 070
    1 753
    1 971
    1 612
    1 490
    1 435
    1 325
    1 259
    1 023
    701

    323
    282
    274
    264
    255
    237
    230
    230
    217
    120

    717
    679
    671
    619
    569
    516
    485
    450
    410
    348

    8 781
    7 942
    7 867
    7 271
    6 873
    6 521
    6 483
    6 012
    5 034
    4 070

    830
    738
    679
    589
    522
    499
    463
    412
    323
    239

    27 614
    25 748
    25 677
    24 144
    22 794
    20 607
    19 502
    17 808
    15 211
    13 212

    4 380
    3 791
    3 848
    3 394
    3 228
    2 899
    2 782
    2 524
    2 053
    1 517

    842
    723
    860
    864
    620
    569
    551
    527
    388
    326

    12 834
    11 608
    12 124
    10 798
    9 850
    9 268
    9 090
    8 605
    7 115
    5 712

    2 550
    2 455
    2 389
    2 192
    2 028
    1 963
    1 947
    1 722
    1 395
    978

    2 539
    2 295
    2 313
    2 051
    1 851
    1 709
    1 734
    1 696
    1 261
    875

    16 306
    14 596
    14 768
    13 915
    12 731
    11 749
    11 563
    10 796
    9 235
    7 692

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    318
    296
    285
    284
    263
    262
    198
    161
    183
    206

    582
    527
    536
    556
    538
    562
    357
    381
    425
    572

    101
    92
    82
    79
    85
    66
    54
    48
    53
    61

    285
    275
    258
    272
    258
    240
    228
    198
    202
    262

    3 425
    3 094
    2 859
    3 054
    2 896
    2 554
    2 344
    2 148
    2 418
    3 033

    201
    187
    173
    182
    168
    139
    114
    95
    92
    126

    11 693
    11 154
    10 665
    11 316
    10 898
    9 659
    9 006
    8 214
    8 790
    11 314

    1 158
    1 108
    1 013
    1 098
    995
    900
    837
    680
    604
    789

    227
    206
    183
    214
    155
    182
    121
    99
    119
    127

    4 560
    4 234
    3 833
    4 409
    4 035
    3 502
    3 069
    2 592
    2 689
    3 766

    869
    814
    805
    876
    760
    711
    603
    531
    518
    722

    662
    617
    567
    582
    561
    458
    433
    350
    369
    488

    6 436
    5 952
    5 599
    6 229
    5 867
    5 057
    4 717
    4 084
    4 388
    5 823

    1930 ........................
    1929 ........................

    270
    310

    719
    819

    77
    78

    301
    320

    3 444
    3 662

    143
    172

    13 091
    14 020

    924
    1 039

    212
    258

    4 406
    5 106

    884
    1 079

    580
    633

    6 873
    7 508

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

    SECTION 9: NATIONAL INCOME AND WEALTH

    157

    Table 9-7Series F 297-348. Personal Income by States, 19292002Continued


    Per capita income (dollars)
    Year
    Montana

    Nebraska

    Nevada

    New
    New Jersey
    Hampshire

    New
    Mexico

    New York

    North
    Carolina

    North
    Dakota

    Ohio

    Oklahoma

    Oregon

    Pennsylvania

    2002 ........................
    2001 ........................

    24 906
    24 044

    29 544
    28 861

    30 169
    30 128

    34 276
    33 969

    39 567
    38 625

    23 908
    23 081

    35 708
    35 878

    27 566
    27 308

    26 567
    25 798

    29 317
    28 699

    25 136
    24 945

    28 533
    28 222

    31 663
    30 752

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    22 961
    21 621
    21 225
    19 920
    19 173
    18 592
    17 995
    17 968
    17 045
    16 471

    27 781
    26 569
    25 541
    24 148
    23 670
    21 903
    20 942
    20 001
    19 575
    18 706

    29 794
    28 655
    28 069
    26 789
    26 004
    24 897
    23 930
    22 949
    22 347
    21 100

    33 266
    30 377
    29 187
    27 238
    25 733
    24 750
    23 622
    22 376
    22 055
    21 270

    37 734
    34 547
    33 640
    31 720
    30 266
    28 851
    27 553
    26 849
    26 419
    25 055

    21 788
    20 865
    20 551
    19 641
    18 964
    18 435
    17 636
    16 999
    16 274
    15 661

    35 041
    32 638
    31 478
    29 670
    28 566
    27 163
    25 926
    25 263
    24 972
    23 820

    26 939
    25 468
    24 661
    23 468
    22 350
    21 462
    20 563
    19 770
    18 939
    17 784

    24 990
    23 046
    22 716
    20 520
    20 921
    18 899
    18 885
    17 719
    17 614
    16 230

    28 130
    26 849
    25 921
    24 772
    23 496
    22 790
    21 982
    20 940
    20 202
    19 196

    24 007
    22 551
    21 930
    20 739
    19 846
    19 144
    18 531
    17 955
    17 437
    16 674

    27 836
    26 247
    25 446
    24 385
    23 270
    22 362
    21 187
    20 232
    19 441
    18 744

    29 759
    27 916
    27 008
    25 635
    24 467
    23 439
    22 632
    22 032
    21 427
    20 438

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    15 516
    14 623
    13 362
    12 996
    12 465
    11 900
    11 705
    11 045
    10 672
    10 244

    18 077
    16 878
    15 984
    15 035
    14 215
    13 743
    12 968
    11 601
    11 228
    10 685

    20 639
    19 568
    18 180
    16 886
    16 027
    15 332
    14 435
    13 465
    12 986
    12 780

    20 703
    20 635
    19 759
    18 371
    16 974
    15 819
    14 534
    13 041
    11 906
    11 079

    24 748
    23 595
    22 142
    20 230
    18 711
    17 652
    16 549
    15 036
    13 999
    13 057

    14 944
    14 085
    13 322
    12 686
    12 226
    11 999
    11 215
    10 367
    9 894
    9 334

    23 292
    21 966
    20 604
    19 031
    17 827
    16 734
    15 739
    14 188
    13 344
    12 364

    17 348
    16 539
    15 461
    14 325
    13 444
    12 649
    11 788
    10 480
    9 690
    9 184

    15 872
    14 357
    12 745
    13 565
    13 126
    12 811
    12 307
    11 386
    10 990
    10 342

    18 788
    17 825
    16 739
    15 675
    14 933
    14 295
    13 449
    12 167
    11 485
    10 982

    16 205
    15 265
    14 257
    13 464
    13 288
    13 265
    12 687
    11 725
    11 817
    11 003

    18 242
    17 222
    16 062
    14 911
    14 162
    13 547
    12 866
    11 832
    11 128
    10 862

    19 810
    18 725
    17 323
    16 142
    15 186
    14 445
    13 512
    12 455
    11 887
    11 184

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    9 143
    8 299
    7 721
    6 636
    6 200
    5 794
    5 380
    5 012
    4 355
    3 789

    9 272
    8 784
    8 120
    6 993
    6 453
    6 168
    5 465
    5 269
    4 527
    4 121

    11 780
    10 765
    9 780
    8 550
    7 719
    7 009
    6 490
    6 114
    5 557
    5 227

    9 915
    8 781
    7 786
    6 892
    6 258
    5 592
    5 279
    4 880
    4 423
    4 102

    11 778
    10 469
    9 408
    8 462
    7 703
    7 037
    6 576
    6 043
    5 521
    5 127

    8 402
    7 619
    6 847
    6 087
    5 527
    5 045
    4 568
    4 137
    3 761
    3 431

    11 095
    9 927
    8 979
    8 153
    7 477
    6 955
    6 492
    5 980
    5 538
    5 179

    8 247
    7 461
    6 780
    6 058
    5 584
    5 039
    4 743
    4 365
    3 899
    3 510

    8 095
    8 398
    8 136
    6 427
    6 184
    6 334
    6 120
    6 172
    4 377
    3 669

    10 103
    9 251
    8 326
    7 511
    6 753
    6 087
    5 733
    5 218
    4 691
    4 328

    9 580
    8 485
    7 387
    6 586
    5 974
    5 475
    4 986
    4 524
    4 020
    3 711

    10 196
    9 415
    8 476
    7 556
    6 913
    6 181
    5 726
    5 135
    4 625
    4 212

    10 151
    9 225
    8 305
    7 493
    6 800
    6 170
    5 704
    5 168
    4 683
    4 294

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    3 625
    3 284
    2 955
    2 805
    2 730
    2 548
    2 366
    2 330
    2 363
    2 025

    3 796
    3 572
    3 167
    2 990
    2 890
    2 656
    2 392
    2 341
    2 292
    2 134

    4 946
    4 520
    4 114
    3 660
    3 471
    3 299
    3 209
    3 174
    3 184
    2 957

    3 896
    3 744
    3 441
    3 162
    2 963
    2 708
    2 552
    2 427
    2 392
    2 281

    4 835
    4 525
    4 237
    3 892
    3 652
    3 414
    3 224
    3 064
    2 990
    2 830

    3 197
    2 921
    2 709
    2 490
    2 386
    2 250
    2 134
    2 054
    2 006
    1 952

    4 887
    4 603
    4 295
    3 923
    3 657
    3 422
    3 254
    3 070
    2 980
    2 866

    3 285
    3 051
    2 754
    2 525
    2 363
    2 143
    2 009
    1 877
    1 797
    1 689

    3 214
    3 052
    2 719
    2 592
    2 507
    2 463
    2 112
    2 142
    2 320
    1 653

    4 101
    3 934
    3 616
    3 309
    3 181
    2 948
    2 754
    2 604
    2 515
    2 405

    3 477
    3 198
    2 948
    2 702
    2 517
    2 361
    2 196
    2 055
    1 994
    1 947

    3 940
    3 677
    3 448
    3 201
    3 033
    2 852
    2 685
    2 541
    2 457
    2 349

    4 077
    3 815
    3 507
    3 246
    3 040
    2 830
    2 662
    2 511
    2 439
    2 334

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    2 075
    2 023
    2 068
    1 983
    1 929
    1 894
    1 771
    1 810
    1 823
    1 806

    2 125
    2 022
    2 025
    1 936
    1 675
    1 650
    1 753
    1 676
    1 761
    1 641

    2 890
    2 749
    2 594
    2 562
    2 488
    2 527
    2 415
    2 447
    2 397
    2 211

    2 197
    2 124
    2 004
    2 007
    1 900
    1 829
    1 703
    1 653
    1 577
    1 508

    2 764
    2 660
    2 525
    2 551
    2 448
    2 300
    2 219
    2 232
    2 114
    2 000

    1 884
    1 895
    1 825
    1 733
    1 626
    1 543
    1 462
    1 444
    1 423
    1 346

    2 788
    2 695
    2 553
    2 522
    2 416
    2 295
    2 175
    2 144
    2 057
    2 002

    1 629
    1 581
    1 505
    1 424
    1 436
    1 368
    1 293
    1 274
    1 230
    1 192

    1 821
    1 679
    1 847
    1 598
    1 556
    1 490
    1 364
    1 336
    1 318
    1 444

    2 391
    2 314
    2 177
    2 243
    2 182
    2 087
    1 965
    2 024
    1 916
    1 835

    1 916
    1 857
    1 794
    1 657
    1 593
    1 516
    1 458
    1 475
    1 401
    1 290

    2 283
    2 244
    2 106
    2 055
    2 070
    1 978
    1 867
    1 916
    1 912
    1 830

    2 301
    2 240
    2 164
    2 174
    2 063
    1 915
    1 827
    1 894
    1 789
    1 713

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    1 654
    1 412
    1 642
    1 484
    1 308
    1 206
    1 183
    1 150
    901
    713

    1 560
    1 346
    1 558
    1 274
    1 186
    1 186
    1 091
    1 019
    822
    551

    1 991
    1 795
    1 758
    1 770
    1 757
    1 611
    1 483
    1 511
    1 558
    982

    1 348
    1 274
    1 291
    1 217
    1 150
    1 111
    1 054
    976
    851
    708

    1 802
    1 624
    1 648
    1 571
    1 526
    1 582
    1 554
    1 429
    1 167
    957

    1 204
    1 145
    1 124
    1 013
    929
    942
    881
    773
    636
    474

    1 858
    1 729
    1 771
    1 725
    1 697
    1 644
    1 538
    1 384
    1 169
    996

    1 077
    969
    1 003
    900
    866
    823
    766
    693
    572
    422

    1 360
    1 211
    1 483
    1 494
    1 088
    1 046
    1 031
    966
    665
    529

    1 608
    1 456
    1 539
    1 401
    1 310
    1 340
    1 312
    1 253
    1 021
    821

    1 144
    1 166
    1 143
    1 028
    952
    970
    947
    782
    626
    432

    1 657
    1 604
    1 646
    1 504
    1 379
    1 357
    1 389
    1 381
    1 118
    818

    1 552
    1 405
    1 436
    1 364
    1 289
    1 280
    1 250
    1 146
    951
    776

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    569
    533
    517
    512
    475
    476
    364
    298
    339
    382

    442
    400
    405
    415
    396
    409
    259
    275
    307
    413

    895
    861
    780
    762
    843
    658
    546
    495
    550
    652

    579
    561
    533
    565
    537
    498
    476
    416
    427
    558

    820
    749
    697
    747
    709
    625
    573
    523
    587
    736

    378
    357
    338
    362
    343
    292
    247
    211
    208
    289

    869
    825
    789
    838
    808
    722
    680
    626
    676
    881

    324
    315
    295
    324
    297
    271
    253
    208
    187
    248

    355
    319
    282
    326
    234
    272
    180
    146
    176
    187

    658
    615
    561
    648
    593
    516
    455
    385
    400
    563

    374
    349
    346
    376
    321
    298
    252
    222
    216
    301

    609
    571
    531
    556
    548
    458
    439
    358
    379
    505

    650
    601
    563
    636
    601
    517
    482
    417
    449
    600

    1930 ........................
    1929 ........................

    501
    592

    521
    596

    833
    868

    647
    686

    847
    918

    334
    410

    1 035
    1 152

    292
    332

    311
    382

    661
    771

    368
    455

    607
    668

    712
    772

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

    158

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 9-7Series F 297-348. Personal Income by States, 19292002Continued


    Total income (millions of dollars)
    Year

    Rhode
    Island

    South
    Carolina

    South
    Dakota

    Tennessee

    Texas

    Utah

    Vermont

    Virginia

    Washington

    West
    Virginia

    Wisconsin

    Wyoming

    2002 ........................
    2001 ........................

    33 276
    32 061

    104 302
    100 902

    20 316
    20 146

    158 717
    154 130

    618 560
    608 466

    55 953
    54 764

    18 167
    17 627

    238 325
    232 730

    198 221
    191 645

    42 575
    41 174

    163 216
    157 832

    15 208
    14 609

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    30 741
    28 762
    27 673
    26 293
    24 818
    23 787
    22 612
    22 090
    21 269
    20 444

    97 410
    91 075
    86 672
    81 045
    76 287
    72 050
    68 511
    64 711
    61 803
    58 406

    19 511
    18 442
    17 497
    16 288
    15 883
    14 454
    14 177
    13 297
    12 732
    11 897

    149 936
    141 046
    134 241
    125 457
    119 287
    114 260
    106 855
    100 394
    94 465
    86 583

    586 587
    539 527
    511 964
    468 950
    428 726
    402 097
    377 583
    356 784
    337 934
    314 726

    52 518
    48 923
    46 772
    43 696
    40 354
    37 278
    34 579
    31 950
    29 788
    27 750

    16 752
    15 575
    14 738
    13 752
    13 073
    12 449
    11 898
    11 357
    10 999
    10 332

    221 778
    204 727
    193 007
    180 190
    169 938
    161 442
    154 982
    147 223
    140 207
    132 536

    186 843
    174 148
    163 192
    150 203
    139 328
    129 681
    123 337
    117 621
    112 634
    104 786

    39 438
    37 472
    36 738
    35 202
    33 771
    32 611
    31 666
    30 375
    29 101
    27 367

    152 572
    143 589
    137 759
    128 920
    121 864
    115 960
    110 570
    104 337
    99 454
    92 669

    13 805
    12 931
    12 129
    11 433
    10 609
    10 293
    9 954
    9 515
    9 061
    8 636

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    20 287
    19 670
    18 205
    16 478
    15 233
    14 229
    13 194
    11 896
    11 073
    10 306

    56 158
    51 276
    47 923
    44 136
    40 974
    38 536
    35 696
    31 614
    29 096
    27 504

    11 312
    10 288
    9 639
    9 199
    8 691
    8 340
    8 101
    7 066
    6 847
    6 517

    82 267
    77 105
    71 901
    66 524
    61 581
    57 750
    53 675
    47 884
    45 043
    42 556

    297 569
    274 343
    255 402
    240 782
    234 594
    231 003
    214 431
    193 793
    183 378
    167 976

    25 939
    23 843
    22 225
    21 208
    20 367
    19 462
    18 223
    16 481
    15 282
    14 078

    10 193
    9 769
    8 905
    8 100
    7 392
    6 887
    6 345
    5 740
    5 340
    5 010

    127 614
    121 058
    112 022
    102 817
    94 364
    87 362
    80 697
    71 985
    66 326
    61 470

    98 143
    88 616
    80 130
    73 872
    69 114
    64 847
    60 901
    56 435
    53 161
    50 418

    26 133
    24 440
    23 259
    22 198
    21 578
    20 853
    20 081
    18 723
    18 403
    17 325

    89 025
    84 013
    78 126
    73 378
    69 101
    65 733
    62 423
    56 873
    54 819
    52 018

    8 159
    7 510
    6 962
    6 770
    6 941
    7 117
    6 812
    6 493
    6 710
    6 333

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    9 243
    8 222
    7 364
    6 690
    6 093
    5 531
    5 154
    4 863
    4 515
    4 140

    24 429
    21 744
    19 264
    16 990
    15 462
    13 689
    12 678
    11 181
    9 795
    8 715

    5 625
    5 621
    5 064
    4 376
    3 840
    3 862
    3 520
    3 505
    2 754
    2 376

    38 268
    34 535
    30 761
    26 887
    24 132
    21 378
    19 732
    17 786
    15 569
    13 839

    142 772
    124 003
    106 800
    92 059
    82 087
    72 117
    63 719
    56 283
    49 287
    44 434

    12 464
    11 026
    9 606
    8 331
    7 302
    6 355
    5 686
    5 057
    4 514
    4 026

    4 460
    3 972
    3 506
    3 041
    2 791
    2 492
    2 304
    2 131
    1 934
    1 752

    54 627
    47 894
    42 483
    37 439
    33 538
    30 005
    27 300
    24 396
    21 657
    19 448

    45 338
    39 987
    34 536
    29 544
    26 502
    23 641
    20 999
    18 473
    16 307
    15 100

    15 947
    14 411
    12 872
    11 535
    10 287
    9 154
    8 085
    7 268
    6 617
    5 981

    47 881
    43 302
    38 408
    34 218
    30 578
    27 697
    25 512
    23 182
    20 670
    18 901

    5 573
    4 777
    4 044
    3 355
    2 852
    2 550
    2 250
    1 912
    1 633
    1 451

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    3 910
    3 602
    3 315
    3 032
    2 798
    2 563
    2 381
    2 235
    2 140
    1 998

    7 961
    7 264
    6 577
    5 927
    5 485
    4 882
    4 423
    4 106
    3 881
    3 609

    2 171
    2 001
    1 855
    1 729
    1 707
    1 577
    1 402
    1 430
    1 475
    1 291

    12 557
    11 563
    10 631
    9 544
    8 915
    8 082
    7 412
    6 896
    6 503
    6 123

    40 969
    37 257
    33 590
    30 105
    27 590
    25 249
    23 460
    21 893
    20 896
    19 845

    3 614
    3 249
    2 984
    2 773
    2 629
    2 472
    2 334
    2 221
    2 137
    1 958

    1 622
    1 481
    1 345
    1 220
    1 127
    992
    904
    845
    814
    778

    17 685
    16 418
    14 820
    13 373
    12 236
    11 303
    10 468
    9 482
    8 867
    8 212

    14 372
    13 696
    12 590
    11 318
    10 348
    9 131
    8 462
    8 082
    7 886
    7 307

    5 444
    4 886
    4 536
    4 276
    4 031
    3 796
    3 548
    3 328
    3 188
    3 054

    17 629
    16 421
    14 949
    13 685
    12 928
    11 803
    10 894
    10 106
    9 767
    9 235

    1 308
    1 179
    1 074
    1 005
    939
    911
    877
    852
    833
    804

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    1 910
    1 871
    1 774
    1 723
    1 678
    1 611
    1 507
    1 512
    1 415
    1 346

    3 438
    3 267
    3 033
    2 924
    2 809
    2 703
    2 536
    2 689
    2 604
    2 417

    1 277
    1 043
    1 142
    1 112
    951
    890
    954
    931
    864
    980

    5 785
    5 629
    5 249
    5 069
    4 855
    4 530
    4 278
    4 235
    3 950
    3 783

    18 815
    18 325
    17 311
    16 837
    15 752
    14 696
    13 661
    13 322
    13 000
    12 068

    1 832
    1 714
    1 595
    1 538
    1 422
    1 305
    1 180
    1 185
    1 156
    1 090

    748
    709
    658
    647
    624
    572
    549
    543
    518
    504

    7 717
    7 446
    6 981
    6 680
    6 371
    5 872
    5 525
    5 452
    5 291
    4 876

    6 955
    6 713
    6 325
    6 162
    5 796
    5 509
    5 225
    5 095
    4 831
    4 542

    3 011
    2 962
    2 862
    2 937
    2 743
    2 478
    2 334
    2 462
    2 441
    2 346

    8 948
    8 656
    7 974
    7 810
    7 448
    6 899
    6 402
    6 448
    6 242
    5 969

    765
    729
    684
    669
    627
    587
    544
    560
    560
    569

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    1 220
    1 104
    1 128
    1 144
    1 081
    1 076
    1 078
    1 042
    894
    695

    1 954
    1 770
    1 818
    1 584
    1 516
    1 447
    1 428
    1 279
    1 099
    774

    840
    704
    934
    762
    666
    622
    550
    497
    452
    291

    3 407
    3 078
    3 102
    2 825
    2 683
    2 621
    2 486
    2 141
    1 658
    1 298

    10 602
    9 912
    9 257
    8 472
    7 535
    7 219
    7 172
    6 552
    4 867
    3 484

    938
    847
    821
    751
    698
    668
    646
    706
    512
    327

    443
    415
    428
    399
    373
    326
    300
    303
    267
    224

    4 167
    3 725
    3 680
    3 322
    3 379
    3 387
    3 278
    2 957
    2 598
    1 731

    4 109
    3 659
    3 663
    3 347
    3 222
    3 176
    3 265
    2 970
    2 277
    1 549

    2 118
    1 975
    2 109
    1 942
    1 691
    1 516
    1 400
    1 287
    1 122
    938

    5 178
    4 702
    4 751
    4 213
    3 836
    3 499
    3 295
    3 165
    2 654
    2 110

    498
    456
    433
    386
    345
    302
    294
    283
    235
    194

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    540
    505
    467
    508
    487
    437
    405
    377
    389
    484

    589
    517
    459
    491
    460
    406
    371
    307
    278
    360

    232
    223
    208
    212
    162
    208
    126
    89
    131
    167

    998
    894
    847
    935
    849
    737
    681
    560
    536
    736

    2 811
    2 654
    2 544
    2 614
    2 303
    1 993
    1 779
    1 543
    1 587
    2 055

    265
    249
    237
    235
    244
    204
    162
    155
    158
    190

    187
    176
    163
    173
    168
    148
    137
    121
    131
    170

    1 270
    1 136
    1 028
    1 095
    996
    882
    796
    701
    696
    904

    1 146
    1 053
    987
    1 006
    941
    798
    714
    598
    637
    845

    776
    725
    676
    758
    705
    604
    554
    454
    450
    619

    1 720
    1 602
    1 572
    1 703
    1 596
    1 416
    1 160
    1 011
    1 094
    1 403

    151
    146
    138
    147
    132
    118
    96
    85
    86
    109

    1930 ........................
    1929 ........................

    540
    598

    424
    471

    254
    294

    850
    984

    2 410
    2 763

    253
    280

    208
    227

    932
    1 053

    1 032
    1 153

    707
    789

    1 733
    1 975

    132
    150

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

    SECTION 9: NATIONAL INCOME AND WEALTH

    159

    Table 9-7Series F 297-348. Personal Income by States, 19292002Continued


    Per capita income (dollars)
    Year

    Rhode
    Island

    South
    Carolina

    South
    Dakota

    Tennessee

    Texas

    Utah

    Vermont

    Virginia

    Washington

    West
    Virginia

    Wisconsin

    Wyoming

    2002 ........................
    2001 ........................

    31 107
    30 256

    25 395
    24 840

    26 694
    26 566

    27 378
    26 808

    28 401
    28 472

    24 157
    24 033

    29 464
    28 756

    32 676
    32 338

    32 661
    31 976

    23 628
    22 862

    29 996
    29 196

    30 494
    29 587

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    29 257
    27 645
    26 837
    25 643
    24 310
    23 389
    22 257
    21 761
    21 005
    20 228

    24 209
    22 914
    22 115
    20 998
    20 096
    19 221
    18 489
    17 665
    17 071
    16 358

    25 815
    24 576
    23 453
    21 885
    21 399
    19 588
    19 399
    18 413
    17 862
    16 907

    26 290
    25 014
    24 101
    22 814
    22 022
    21 449
    20 426
    19 541
    18 707
    17 433

    27 992
    26 244
    25 398
    23 756
    22 167
    21 209
    20 339
    19 645
    19 028
    18 090

    23 410
    22 203
    21 594
    20 613
    19 514
    18 508
    17 638
    16 830
    16 217
    15 592

    27 465
    25 757
    24 547
    23 026
    22 019
    21 135
    20 379
    19 657
    19 204
    18 171

    31 210
    29 246
    27 968
    26 385
    25 173
    24 202
    23 507
    22 616
    21 858
    21 033

    31 605
    29 807
    28 285
    26 469
    25 015
    23 660
    22 946
    22 282
    21 825
    20 850

    21 821
    20 682
    20 234
    19 351
    18 527
    17 882
    17 395
    16 712
    16 109
    15 214

    28 389
    26 926
    26 004
    24 481
    23 301
    22 365
    21 538
    20 519
    19 790
    18 667

    27 941
    26 294
    24 714
    23 360
    21 732
    21 216
    20 726
    20 113
    19 434
    18 805

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    20 167
    19 657
    18 271
    16 651
    15 587
    14 685
    13 717
    12 439
    11 605
    10 815

    16 040
    14 834
    14 045
    13 056
    12 258
    11 666
    10 910
    9 775
    9 071
    8 651

    16 227
    14 767
    13 807
    13 217
    12 486
    11 942
    11 619
    10 195
    9 915
    9 451

    16 808
    15 883
    14 910
    13 909
    12 995
    12 247
    11 453
    10 276
    9 695
    9 196

    17 446
    16 323
    15 324
    14 486
    14 165
    14 196
    13 396
    12 303
    11 961
    11 391

    14 983
    13 977
    13 156
    12 638
    12 248
    11 846
    11 233
    10 333
    9 807
    9 290

    18 047
    17 517
    16 197
    14 992
    13 842
    12 994
    12 048
    10 968
    10 287
    9 717

    20 527
    19 780
    18 556
    17 332
    16 237
    15 286
    14 298
    12 936
    12 075
    11 291

    20 017
    18 670
    17 270
    16 300
    15 522
    14 738
    14 021
    13 124
    12 431
    11 903

    14 579
    13 529
    12 708
    11 950
    11 464
    10 936
    10 417
    9 626
    9 439
    8 866

    18 152
    17 299
    16 201
    15 358
    14 530
    13 845
    13 182
    12 046
    11 592
    11 006

    17 985
    16 383
    14 968
    14 194
    14 004
    14 242
    13 493
    12 723
    13 251
    12 879

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    9 742
    8 595
    7 693
    7 004
    6 411
    5 844
    5 405
    4 972
    4 625
    4 295

    7 794
    7 044
    6 334
    5 684
    5 257
    4 720
    4 459
    4 029
    3 603
    3 274

    8 142
    8 158
    7 347
    6 351
    5 591
    5 667
    5 178
    5 163
    4 065
    3 538

    8 319
    7 618
    6 895
    6 108
    5 574
    5 017
    4 696
    4 298
    3 808
    3 451

    9 957
    8 929
    7 912
    6 979
    6 362
    5 738
    5 194
    4 683
    4 192
    3 861

    8 464
    7 786
    7 041
    6 328
    5 739
    5 150
    4 743
    4 326
    3 979
    3 658

    8 702
    7 853
    7 036
    6 179
    5 753
    5 192
    4 869
    4 548
    4 176
    3 856

    10 176
    8 995
    8 040
    7 192
    6 534
    5 934
    5 484
    4 972
    4 486
    4 092

    10 913
    9 965
    8 887
    7 832
    7 181
    6 533
    5 919
    5 312
    4 731
    4 381

    8 172
    7 432
    6 703
    6 053
    5 479
    4 974
    4 457
    4 026
    3 682
    3 378

    10 161
    9 281
    8 292
    7 417
    6 670
    6 061
    5 622
    5 130
    4 595
    4 238

    11 753
    10 572
    9 384
    8 152
    7 212
    6 701
    6 172
    5 410
    4 709
    4 269

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    4 114
    3 865
    3 595
    3 336
    3 113
    2 870
    2 691
    2 552
    2 457
    2 329

    3 064
    2 827
    2 570
    2 340
    2 176
    1 958
    1 787
    1 669
    1 602
    1 498

    3 256
    2 995
    2 773
    2 577
    2 500
    2 278
    2 000
    2 020
    2 092
    1 863

    3 189
    2 967
    2 741
    2 473
    2 332
    2 128
    1 965
    1 855
    1 771
    1 690

    3 646
    3 373
    3 105
    2 840
    2 630
    2 433
    2 284
    2 155
    2 079
    2 021

    3 391
    3 103
    2 900
    2 721
    2 605
    2 494
    2 386
    2 281
    2 230
    2 091

    3 634
    3 388
    3 128
    2 885
    2 729
    2 456
    2 266
    2 128
    2 072
    1 994

    3 795
    3 558
    3 252
    2 967
    2 746
    2 563
    2 403
    2 218
    2 121
    2 005

    4 205
    4 097
    3 850
    3 566
    3 385
    3 078
    2 858
    2 735
    2 680
    2 535

    3 117
    2 798
    2 573
    2 417
    2 271
    2 126
    1 974
    1 853
    1 762
    1 671

    3 983
    3 751
    3 441
    3 180
    3 025
    2 789
    2 616
    2 458
    2 412
    2 304

    3 919
    3 584
    3 315
    3 121
    2 906
    2 743
    2 588
    2 535
    2 502
    2 387

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    2 234
    2 183
    2 067
    2 024
    1 998
    1 958
    1 847
    1 855
    1 765
    1 717

    1 437
    1 392
    1 316
    1 286
    1 260
    1 229
    1 166
    1 233
    1 196
    1 115

    1 870
    1 564
    1 740
    1 669
    1 419
    1 342
    1 457
    1 436
    1 327
    1 497

    1 618
    1 598
    1 512
    1 476
    1 422
    1 327
    1 274
    1 276
    1 178
    1 122

    1 955
    1 948
    1 871
    1 856
    1 784
    1 697
    1 630
    1 598
    1 564
    1 488

    2 035
    1 970
    1 888
    1 862
    1 758
    1 666
    1 573
    1 604
    1 596
    1 544

    1 923
    1 832
    1 732
    1 720
    1 655
    1 524
    1 456
    1 432
    1 380
    1 334

    1 936
    1 885
    1 784
    1 738
    1 712
    1 637
    1 554
    1 533
    1 510
    1 420

    2 436
    2 380
    2 281
    2 262
    2 172
    2 116
    2 077
    2 066
    1 973
    1 874

    1 625
    1 597
    1 551
    1 594
    1 477
    1 318
    1 225
    1 276
    1 247
    1 182

    2 258
    2 225
    2 075
    2 060
    1 990
    1 875
    1 774
    1 839
    1 799
    1 736

    2 312
    2 278
    2 172
    2 132
    2 011
    1 913
    1 858
    1 932
    1 912
    1 955

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    1 553
    1 378
    1 433
    1 459
    1 369
    1 278
    1 274
    1 201
    1 149
    934

    925
    873
    911
    793
    780
    753
    732
    648
    545
    394

    1 283
    1 116
    1 526
    1 270
    1 132
    1 086
    979
    846
    757
    475

    1 028
    951
    965
    892
    872
    912
    864
    728
    561
    436

    1 363
    1 300
    1 214
    1 147
    1 047
    1 058
    1 045
    944
    719
    528

    1 348
    1 262
    1 257
    1 180
    1 094
    1 121
    1 049
    1 126
    880
    594

    1 169
    1 125
    1 192
    1 127
    1 090
    1 035
    953
    932
    775
    643

    1 257
    1 132
    1 148
    1 015
    1 002
    950
    900
    843
    785
    582

    1 721
    1 595
    1 624
    1 504
    1 401
    1 419
    1 527
    1 469
    1 196
    864

    1 056
    1 023
    1 110
    1 032
    925
    888
    820
    739
    613
    498

    1 506
    1 387
    1 434
    1 296
    1 211
    1 182
    1 109
    1 053
    866
    672

    1 719
    1 647
    1 610
    1 506
    1 362
    1 258
    1 224
    1 150
    944
    779

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    750
    720
    672
    731
    711
    645
    600
    559
    575
    711

    310
    276
    250
    273
    258
    229
    211
    175
    159
    205

    361
    345
    320
    323
    244
    309
    184
    129
    189
    241

    340
    311
    300
    334
    304
    264
    245
    204
    198
    277

    438
    417
    404
    418
    372
    326
    294
    257
    266
    348

    480
    458
    444
    444
    463
    389
    310
    298
    305
    369

    516
    491
    457
    485
    471
    414
    383
    338
    365
    474

    467
    426
    390
    423
    390
    350
    320
    285
    284
    370

    658
    614
    582
    599
    569
    490
    443
    376
    402
    534

    407
    388
    370
    418
    390
    337
    313
    259
    257
    356

    547
    513
    507
    551
    518
    461
    380
    333
    362
    469

    602
    587
    561
    607
    551
    496
    411
    371
    374
    476

    1930 ........................
    1929 ........................

    788
    874

    243
    271

    366
    426

    325
    378

    412
    479

    498
    551

    576
    634

    384
    434

    658
    741

    408
    460

    588
    673

    585
    675

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

    160

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 9-8Series F 552-565. Sources and Uses of Savings, 19292002


    (Billions of dollars, except as noted.)
    Gross saving
    Year
    Total

    Personal
    saving

    Gross investment

    Undistributed
    Capital
    corporate
    consumption
    profits 1

    Government saving
    Federal

    State and
    local

    Private
    domestic

    Government

    Net foreign

    Gross saving
    as a
    Statistical
    percentage of
    discrepancy
    gross
    national
    product

    2002 .................................
    2001 .................................

    1 565.1
    1 662.4

    285.8
    169.7

    139.9
    122.7

    1 163.9
    1 106.8

    -100.2
    170.7

    75.7
    92.4

    1 593.2
    1 586.0

    351.9
    335.8

    -488.9
    -376.7

    -108.8
    -117.3

    15.0
    16.5

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    1 807.9
    1 704.1
    1 647.2
    1 502.3
    1 349.3
    1 257.5
    1 155.9
    1 039.4
    1 007.4
    1 015.8

    201.5
    174.0
    301.5
    252.9
    272.1
    302.4
    315.5
    350.8
    413.7
    371.7

    152.6
    229.6
    189.9
    261.3
    232.7
    203.6
    151.6
    142.0
    124.4
    119.2

    1 017.9
    947.3
    884.4
    832.4
    782.0
    743.6
    714.6
    660.1
    642.2
    608.0

    302.8
    203.4
    132.0
    33.5
    -51.5
    -108.0
    -130.9
    -195.4
    -222.2
    -142.3

    133.0
    144.7
    140.2
    125.2
    110.4
    99.4
    87.5
    75.4
    65.0
    59.1

    1 755.4
    1 636.7
    1 538.7
    1 390.5
    1 242.7
    1 143.8
    1 097.1
    955.1
    866.6
    800.2

    319.8
    304.7
    277.1
    264.6
    250.1
    238.2
    225.6
    220.9
    223.1
    220.3

    -395.8
    -276.0
    -199.7
    -123.1
    -110.7
    -98.0
    -108.3
    -72.9
    -38.7
    14.9

    -128.5
    -38.8
    -31.0
    29.7
    32.8
    26.5
    58.5
    63.8
    43.7
    19.6

    18.4
    18.3
    18.8
    18.0
    17.2
    16.9
    16.3
    15.6
    15.9
    16.9

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    977.7
    967.6
    936.2
    810.4
    735.9
    772.5
    769.4
    608.0
    625.7
    656.5

    334.3
    301.8
    292.3
    252.8
    267.8
    282.6
    306.5
    227.8
    262.2
    243.7

    102.4
    99.2
    138.3
    107.3
    88.0
    128.3
    124.7
    93.2
    61.9
    64.1

    579.5
    554.0
    512.4
    478.2
    450.8
    422.6
    393.6
    372.7
    357.4
    323.8

    -104.3
    -65.6
    -77.2
    -91.6
    -139.2
    -127.9
    -121.6
    -131.5
    -93.1
    -18.9

    65.7
    78.1
    70.5
    63.7
    68.7
    67.0
    66.2
    45.7
    37.2
    43.8

    861.7
    872.9
    821.1
    781.5
    747.2
    736.3
    735.5
    564.2
    516.1
    570.8

    215.8
    197.7
    186.2
    184.3
    173.2
    158.8
    139.4
    122.8
    112.3
    106.9

    -69.2
    -86.7
    -113.2
    -152.0
    -140.6
    -110.9
    -87.0
    -32.0
    -0.2
    6.3

    30.6
    16.3
    -42.2
    3.3
    43.9
    11.7
    18.6
    47.0
    2.5
    27.5

    16.8
    17.6
    18.3
    17.0
    16.5
    18.2
    19.4
    17.0
    19.0
    20.7

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    555.5
    544.9
    481.6
    398.2
    342.7
    298.4
    304.0
    294.6
    241.6
    211.4

    205.6
    165.8
    145.4
    125.6
    122.1
    125.2
    114.3
    102.5
    76.9
    80.1

    49.6
    77.0
    82.9
    73.1
    57.3
    49.1
    29.5
    44.8
    41.1
    32.4

    282.6
    244.9
    210.7
    184.4
    164.5
    149.2
    126.9
    109.1
    99.4
    89.8

    -22.8
    16.6
    -0.6
    -20.6
    -29.9
    -47.7
    6.4
    8.3
    -3.8
    -9.5

    40.6
    40.5
    43.1
    35.7
    28.6
    22.7
    27.0
    30.0
    28.4
    18.2

    477.9
    490.6
    436.0
    361.3
    292.0
    230.2
    249.4
    244.5
    207.6
    178.2

    100.3
    88.5
    77.1
    67.5
    66.4
    64.5
    57.4
    49.4
    46.3
    44.0

    11.4
    1.4
    -10.4
    -9.0
    8.9
    21.4
    7.1
    8.7
    -3.6
    0.6

    33.9
    35.7
    21.0
    21.6
    24.5
    17.7
    10.0
    8.0
    8.7
    11.3

    19.6
    21.0
    20.8
    19.4
    18.6
    18.1
    20.0
    21.1
    19.3
    18.6

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    194.3
    199.8
    183.3
    171.1
    169.1
    158.1
    143.0
    132.8
    124.6
    113.9

    69.5
    52.6
    52.7
    54.0
    44.5
    42.7
    40.5
    33.1
    33.5
    31.9

    23.0
    29.8
    33.6
    35.4
    37.6
    34.9
    28.6
    25.2
    22.6
    16.8

    81.9
    74.6
    67.5
    61.4
    56.3
    51.8
    48.4
    45.9
    44.3
    42.8

    2.3
    25.5
    13.8
    5.8
    16.1
    16.0
    13.4
    17.5
    14.0
    13.5

    17.6
    17.3
    15.8
    14.5
    14.6
    12.7
    12.1
    11.0
    10.2
    9.0

    152.4
    156.4
    141.2
    128.6
    131.3
    118.2
    102.1
    93.8
    88.1
    78.2

    44.8
    44.4
    44.7
    43.8
    40.4
    35.6
    34.6
    33.6
    33.3
    31.3

    4.0
    1.8
    1.7
    3.5
    3.9
    6.2
    7.5
    5.0
    3.9
    4.3

    6.9
    2.9
    4.3
    4.8
    6.4
    1.9
    1.2
    -0.4
    0.7
    -0.2

    18.6
    20.1
    20.0
    20.4
    21.3
    21.8
    21.4
    21.3
    21.1
    20.7

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    110.9
    105.8
    90.1
    99.0
    98.6
    87.4
    72.7
    74.6
    73.8
    74.8

    26.4
    26.5
    28.2
    26.8
    25.4
    19.5
    19.8
    21.3
    20.6
    19.7

    16.3
    17.5
    11.9
    13.8
    14.1
    16.0
    11.0
    9.5
    10.4
    9.3

    41.8
    40.2
    38.8
    37.3
    34.4
    31.0
    29.3
    28.0
    26.6
    24.9

    17.8
    13.6
    4.5
    13.1
    16.8
    14.4
    6.6
    9.5
    10.6
    15.8

    8.7
    8.0
    6.8
    8.0
    7.9
    6.5
    6.1
    6.3
    5.7
    5.1

    78.9
    78.5
    64.5
    70.5
    72.0
    69.0
    53.8
    56.4
    54.0
    60.2

    28.3
    29.3
    26.5
    24.4
    22.9
    21.0
    22.5
    24.0
    22.3
    17.6

    3.2
    -1.2
    0.9
    4.8
    2.8
    0.4
    0.2
    -1.3
    0.6
    0.9

    -0.6
    0.8
    1.7
    0.6
    -0.9
    3.1
    3.9
    4.6
    3.1
    3.9

    20.9
    20.7
    19.1
    21.3
    22.4
    20.9
    19.0
    19.5
    20.5
    21.9

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    60.3
    45.6
    58.3
    46.8
    38.9
    29.6
    39.8
    44.8
    39.8
    29.7

    15.2
    10.0
    14.1
    8.1
    16.3
    31.4
    39.0
    34.9
    29.0
    11.7

    8.6
    11.1
    11.4
    5.9
    2.7
    4.8
    7.0
    6.0
    4.4
    2.9

    21.7
    20.1
    18.3
    15.6
    12.7
    10.7
    10.4
    10.2
    10.2
    9.0

    11.4
    1.0
    11.2
    14.1
    4.3
    -20.2
    -19.4
    -9.3
    -6.6
    3.0

    3.4
    3.5
    3.3
    3.2
    3.0
    2.9
    3.0
    2.9
    2.9
    3.1

    54.1
    36.9
    48.1
    35.0
    31.1
    10.8
    7.8
    6.1
    10.4
    18.1

    9.8
    9.7
    7.0
    4.6
    3.5
    24.1
    36.6
    39.1
    28.5
    10.8

    -1.8
    0.9
    2.4
    9.3
    4.9
    -1.3
    -2.0
    -2.1
    -0.1
    1.3

    1.7
    1.8
    -0.7
    2.1
    0.7
    4.0
    2.6
    -1.7
    -0.9
    0.5

    20.4
    17.0
    21.5
    19.0
    17.4
    13.3
    18.1
    22.5
    24.5
    23.4

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    18.3
    13.5
    11.6
    16.1
    11.3
    9.5
    6.2
    3.1
    3.1
    8.2

    4.5
    3.4
    1.5
    4.5
    4.3
    2.6
    0.6
    -0.7
    -0.4
    2.6

    2.6
    1.0
    0.4
    0.6
    0.0
    0.0
    -1.0
    -2.9
    -3.3
    -1.8

    8.0
    7.7
    7.8
    7.5
    6.8
    6.6
    6.6
    6.3
    6.7
    7.7

    0.1
    -1.7
    -0.9
    0.6
    -2.9
    -1.6
    -1.9
    -0.7
    -1.2
    -1.9

    3.0
    3.0
    2.9
    3.0
    3.2
    1.9
    2.0
    1.1
    1.3
    1.7

    13.6
    9.3
    7.1
    12.2
    8.6
    6.7
    3.7
    1.7
    1.3
    5.9

    4.4
    4.5
    4.2
    3.8
    4.1
    2.8
    2.7
    1.9
    2.1
    3.0

    1.5
    1.0
    1.2
    0.2
    -0.1
    -0.1
    0.4
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2

    1.2
    1.4
    0.8
    0.1
    1.3
    -0.1
    0.5
    0.7
    0.5
    0.9

    18.0
    14.5
    13.5
    17.4
    13.5
    12.9
    9.4
    5.5
    5.3
    10.7

    1930 .................................
    1929 .................................

    14.9
    19.2

    3.2
    3.9

    1.0
    3.4

    8.3
    8.4

    0.4
    1.3

    2.1
    2.2

    10.8
    16.5

    3.2
    2.8

    0.7
    0.8

    -0.3
    0.9

    16.2
    18.4

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.


    1Includes

    inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments.

    SECTION 9: NATIONAL INCOME AND WEALTH

    161

    Table 9-9. Persons Below Poverty Level and Below 125 Percent of Poverty Level, 19602001
    (Persons as of March of the following year, based on Current Population Survey.)
    Number below poverty level (thousands)
    Year
    All races 1

    White

    Black

    Asian and
    Pacific
    Islander

    Percent below poverty level

    Hispanic 2

    All races 1

    White

    Black

    Below 125 percent of


    poverty level

    Asian and
    Pacific
    Islander

    Hispanic 2

    Number
    (thousands)

    Percent of
    total
    population

    2001 .................................
    2000 3 ..............................

    32 907
    31 581

    22 739
    21 645

    8 136
    7 982

    1 275
    1 258

    7 997
    7 747

    11.7
    11.3

    9.9
    9.5

    22.7
    22.5

    10.2
    9.9

    21.4
    21.5

    45 320
    43 612

    16.1
    15.6

    2000 4 ..............................
    1999 .................................
    1998 .................................
    1997 .................................
    1996 .................................
    1995 .................................
    1994 .................................
    1993 .................................
    1992 .................................
    1991 .................................

    31 054
    32 258
    34 476
    35 574
    36 529
    36 425
    38 059
    39 265
    38 014
    35 708

    21 242
    21 922
    23 454
    24 396
    24 650
    24 423
    25 379
    26 226
    25 259
    23 747

    7 862
    8 360
    9 091
    9 116
    9 694
    9 872
    10 196
    10 877
    10 827
    10 242

    1 214
    1 163
    1 360
    1 468
    1 454
    1 411
    974
    1 134
    985
    996

    7 153
    7 439
    8 070
    8 308
    8 697
    8 574
    8 416
    8 126
    7 592
    6 339

    11.3
    11.8
    12.7
    13.3
    13.7
    13.8
    14.5
    15.1
    14.8
    14.2

    9.4
    9.8
    10.5
    11.0
    11.2
    11.2
    11.7
    12.2
    11.9
    11.3

    22.0
    23.6
    26.1
    26.5
    28.4
    29.3
    30.6
    33.1
    33.4
    32.7

    10.7
    10.7
    12.5
    14.0
    14.5
    14.6
    14.6
    15.3
    12.7
    13.8

    21.2
    22.8
    25.6
    27.1
    29.4
    30.3
    30.7
    30.6
    29.6
    28.7

    43 377
    44 286
    46 036
    47 853
    49 310
    48 761
    50 401
    51 801
    50 592
    47 527

    15.7
    16.2
    17.0
    17.8
    18.5
    18.5
    19.3
    20.0
    19.7
    18.9

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    33 585
    31 528
    31 745
    32 221
    32 370
    33 064
    33 700
    35 303
    34 398
    31 822

    22 326
    20 785
    20 715
    21 195
    22 183
    22 860
    22 955
    23 984
    23 517
    21 553

    9 837
    9 302
    9 356
    9 520
    8 983
    8 926
    9 490
    9 882
    9 697
    9 173

    858
    939
    1 117
    1 021
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    6 006
    5 430
    5 357
    5 422
    5 117
    5 236
    4 806
    4 633
    4 301
    3 713

    13.5
    12.8
    13.0
    13.4
    13.6
    14.0
    14.4
    15.2
    15.0
    14.0

    10.7
    10.0
    10.1
    10.4
    11.0
    11.4
    11.5
    12.1
    12.0
    11.1

    31.9
    30.7
    31.3
    32.4
    31.1
    31.3
    33.8
    35.7
    35.6
    34.2

    12.2
    14.1
    17.3
    16.1
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    28.1
    26.2
    26.7
    28.0
    27.3
    29.0
    28.4
    28.0
    29.9
    26.5

    44 837
    42 653
    42 551
    43 032
    43 486
    44 166
    45 288
    47 150
    46 520
    43 748

    18.0
    17.3
    17.5
    17.9
    18.2
    18.7
    19.4
    20.3
    20.3
    19.3

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1970
    1960

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    29 272
    26 072
    24 497
    24 720
    24 975
    25 877
    25 420
    39 851

    19 699
    17 214
    16 259
    16 416
    16 713
    17 770
    17 484
    28 309

    8 579
    8 050
    7 625
    7 726
    7 595
    7 545
    7 548
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3 491
    2 921
    2 607
    2 700
    2 783
    2 991
    ...
    ...

    13.0
    11.7
    11.4
    11.6
    11.8
    12.3
    12.6
    22.2

    10.2
    9.0
    8.7
    8.9
    9.1
    9.7
    9.9
    17.8

    32.5
    31.0
    30.6
    31.3
    31.1
    31.3
    33.5
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    25.7
    21.8
    21.6
    24.7
    26.9
    23.0
    ...
    ...

    40 658
    36 616
    34 155
    35 659
    35 509
    37 182
    35 624
    54 560

    18.1
    16.4
    15.8
    16.7
    16.7
    17.6
    17.6
    30.4

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-219.


    1Includes other races not shown separately.
    2Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
    3Data reflect implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and a 28,000 household sample expansion
    4Data based on Census 1990-based population controls and a sample of approximately 50,000 households.

    . . . = Not available.

    to 78,000 households.

    162

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 9-10. Children Below Poverty Level, 19702001


    (Persons as of March of the following year, based on Current Population Survey.)
    Number below poverty level (thousands)
    Year
    All races 1

    White

    Black

    Percent below poverty level

    Asian and
    Pacific Islander

    Hispanic 2

    All races 1

    White

    Black

    Asian and
    Pacific Islander

    Hispanic 2

    2001 .................................
    2000 3 ..............................

    11 175
    11 005

    7 086
    6 834

    3 423
    3 495

    353
    407

    3 433
    3 342

    15.6
    15.6

    12.8
    12.4

    30.0
    30.9

    11.1
    12.5

    27.4
    27.6

    2000 4 ..............................
    1999 .................................
    1998 .................................
    1997 .................................
    1996 .................................
    1995 .................................
    1994 .................................
    1993 .................................
    1992 .................................
    1991 .................................

    11 018
    11 510
    12 845
    13 422
    13 764
    13 999
    14 610
    14 961
    14 521
    13 658

    6 838
    7 123
    7 935
    8 441
    8 488
    8 474
    8 826
    9 123
    8 752
    8 316

    3 417
    3 644
    4 073
    4 116
    4 411
    4 644
    4 787
    5 030
    5 015
    4 637

    434
    348
    542
    608
    553
    532
    308
    358
    352
    348

    3 173
    3 382
    3 670
    3 865
    4 090
    3 938
    3 956
    3 666
    3 440
    2 977

    15.6
    16.3
    18.3
    19.2
    19.8
    20.2
    21.2
    22.0
    21.6
    21.1

    12.3
    12.9
    14.4
    15.4
    15.5
    15.5
    16.3
    17.0
    16.5
    16.1

    30.4
    32.7
    36.4
    36.8
    39.5
    41.5
    43.3
    45.9
    46.3
    45.6

    14.1
    11.5
    17.5
    19.9
    19.1
    18.6
    17.9
    17.6
    16.0
    17.1

    27.3
    29.8
    33.6
    36.4
    39.9
    39.3
    41.1
    39.9
    39.0
    39.8

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    12 715
    12 001
    11 935
    12 275
    12 257
    12 483
    12 929
    13 427
    13 139
    12 068

    7 696
    7 164
    7 095
    7 398
    7 714
    7 838
    8 086
    8 534
    8 282
    7 429

    4 412
    4 257
    4 148
    4 234
    4 037
    4 057
    4 320
    4 273
    4 388
    4 170

    356
    368
    458
    432
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 750
    2 496
    2 576
    2 606
    2 413
    2 512
    2 317
    2 251
    2 117
    1 874

    19.9
    19.0
    19.0
    19.7
    19.8
    20.1
    21.0
    21.8
    21.3
    19.5

    15.1
    14.1
    14.0
    14.7
    15.3
    15.6
    16.1
    17.0
    16.5
    14.7

    44.2
    43.2
    42.8
    44.4
    42.7
    43.1
    46.2
    46.2
    47.3
    44.9

    17.0
    18.9
    23.5
    22.7
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    37.7
    35.5
    37.3
    38.9
    37.1
    39.6
    38.7
    37.7
    38.9
    35.4

    1980 .................................
    1975 .................................
    1970 .................................

    11 114
    10 882
    10 235

    6 817
    6 748
    6 138

    3 906
    3 884
    3 922

    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 718
    1 619
    ...

    17.9
    16.8
    14.9

    13.4
    12.5
    10.5

    42.1
    41.4
    41.5

    ...
    ...
    ...

    33.0
    33.1
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-219.


    1Includes other races not shown separately.
    2Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
    3Data reflect implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and a 28,000 household sample expansion
    4Data based on Census 1990-based population controls and a sample of approximately 50,000 households.

    . . . = Not available.

    to 78,000 households.

    SECTION 9: NATIONAL INCOME AND WEALTH

    163

    Table 9-11. Current-Cost Net Stock of Fixed Assets and Consumer Durable Goods, 19252001
    (Billions of dollars, year-end estimates.)
    Private fixed assets
    Year

    Government fixed assets

    Nonresidential

    Total
    Total
    Total

    Equipment and
    software

    Residential

    Total

    Federal

    State and local

    Consumer
    durable goods

    Structures

    2001 ........................

    31 021.9

    22 190.4

    11 102.2

    4 335.1

    6 767.2

    11 088.2

    6 001.8

    1 479.8

    4 522.1

    2 829.7

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    29 677.9
    27 856.5
    26 218.7
    24 924.8
    23 701.0
    22 617.0
    21 617.7
    20 396.6
    19 384.8
    18 614.5

    21 215.2
    19 880.4
    18 649.6
    17 653.1
    16 722.5
    15 908.5
    15 203.7
    14 318.0
    13 582.6
    13 021.5

    10 695.4
    10 013.8
    9 457.8
    9 006.8
    8 527.2
    8 124.2
    7 731.5
    7 327.1
    6 986.8
    6 760.5

    4 215.5
    3 943.9
    3 711.6
    3 519.8
    3 352.2
    3 182.8
    2 992.4
    2 828.6
    2 708.2
    2 622.8

    6 480.0
    6 069.9
    5 746.2
    5 487.0
    5 175.0
    4 941.4
    4 739.1
    4 498.5
    4 278.6
    4 137.7

    10 519.8
    9 866.7
    9 191.8
    8 646.3
    8 195.3
    7 784.2
    7 472.2
    6 991.0
    6 595.8
    6 261.0

    5 758.7
    5 425.5
    5 141.7
    4 942.9
    4 724.8
    4 533.0
    4 322.4
    4 085.6
    3 894.6
    3 732.4

    1 454.1
    1 420.5
    1 381.4
    1 367.0
    1 343.2
    1 314.4
    1 279.2
    1 229.0
    1 176.0
    1 129.8

    4 304.6
    4 005.0
    3 760.3
    3 575.9
    3 381.5
    3 218.6
    3 043.2
    2 856.7
    2 718.6
    2 602.6

    2 703.9
    2 550.6
    2 427.4
    2 328.8
    2 253.7
    2 175.6
    2 091.6
    1 993.0
    1 907.5
    1 860.6

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    18 186.5
    17 363.9
    16 423.1
    15 458.3
    14 605.0
    13 705.3
    13 005.0
    12 327.7
    11 918.7
    11 318.7

    12 760.3
    12 197.2
    11 540.9
    10 857.3
    10 266.6
    9 657.8
    9 163.5
    8 667.6
    8 376.1
    7 949.7

    6 622.7
    6 285.1
    5 934.8
    5 574.0
    5 298.8
    5 056.4
    4 794.6
    4 532.8
    4 402.7
    4 145.8

    2 541.9
    2 400.2
    2 264.9
    2 130.6
    2 035.1
    1 920.6
    1 814.4
    1 724.2
    1 665.7
    1 575.6

    4 080.7
    3 884.8
    3 669.9
    3 443.4
    3 263.7
    3 135.8
    2 980.2
    2 808.5
    2 737.0
    2 570.2

    6 137.7
    5 912.2
    5 606.1
    5 283.3
    4 967.8
    4 601.3
    4 368.9
    4 134.8
    3 973.4
    3 804.0

    3 611.6
    3 438.7
    3 262.2
    3 102.6
    2 948.6
    2 782.1
    2 668.6
    2 567.2
    2 508.5
    2 371.3

    1 087.1
    1 039.5
    985.9
    929.5
    895.5
    855.6
    826.5
    791.3
    752.5
    709.1

    2 524.5
    2 399.3
    2 276.3
    2 173.2
    2 053.1
    1 926.5
    1 842.1
    1 775.9
    1 756.0
    1 662.2

    1 814.6
    1 727.9
    1 620.0
    1 498.4
    1 389.8
    1 265.5
    1 173.0
    1 092.9
    1 034.1
    997.6

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    10 294.0
    9 061.7
    7 876.1
    6 969.0
    6 235.8
    5 717.5
    5 276.0
    4 456.4
    3 946.4
    3 586.8

    7 212.7
    6 339.9
    5 473.0
    4 787.4
    4 207.5
    3 815.2
    3 489.4
    2 968.2
    2 613.5
    2 366.4

    3 675.9
    3 202.6
    2 772.7
    2 449.0
    2 204.0
    2 010.1
    1 821.7
    1 500.4
    1 334.6
    1 225.6

    1 420.1
    1 220.9
    1 048.0
    920.3
    818.9
    740.5
    648.8
    525.2
    468.4
    434.5

    2 255.8
    1 981.7
    1 724.8
    1 528.7
    1 385.1
    1 269.6
    1 172.9
    975.1
    866.2
    791.1

    3 536.8
    3 137.3
    2 700.2
    2 338.5
    2 003.4
    1 805.1
    1 667.7
    1 467.8
    1 278.9
    1 140.8

    2 150.7
    1 877.0
    1 650.4
    1 513.8
    1 426.0
    1 352.2
    1 286.5
    1 054.0
    940.3
    858.0

    652.7
    586.7
    528.4
    493.2
    470.4
    436.5
    411.4
    363.9
    338.2
    308.6

    1 497.9
    1 290.2
    1 122.0
    1 020.6
    955.6
    915.7
    875.2
    690.2
    602.1
    549.4

    930.6
    844.8
    752.8
    667.8
    602.3
    550.1
    500.0
    434.2
    392.5
    362.4

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    3 258.8
    2 998.6
    2 748.4
    2 501.8
    2 324.0
    2 141.8
    2 011.9
    1 894.8
    1 826.5
    1 752.2

    2 129.6
    1 973.7
    1 815.7
    1 649.2
    1 538.7
    1 418.1
    1 330.3
    1 245.5
    1 209.0
    1 167.4

    1 113.9
    1 013.2
    918.6
    838.1
    778.0
    714.5
    668.4
    632.8
    611.5
    591.4

    404.6
    368.2
    332.5
    300.8
    273.8
    246.0
    228.5
    215.7
    206.5
    199.0

    709.3
    645.0
    586.1
    537.2
    504.2
    468.5
    439.9
    417.1
    405.1
    392.4

    1 015.7
    960.5
    897.1
    811.1
    760.7
    703.6
    661.9
    612.7
    597.5
    576.0

    788.6
    707.8
    642.3
    591.3
    546.3
    505.0
    474.7
    452.8
    431.3
    404.9

    290.9
    271.7
    256.2
    243.5
    228.1
    216.9
    210.0
    204.7
    198.7
    187.6

    497.6
    436.1
    386.1
    347.7
    318.2
    288.1
    264.7
    248.1
    232.6
    217.3

    340.6
    317.1
    290.4
    261.4
    239.0
    218.6
    207.0
    196.5
    186.2
    179.9

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    1 693.7
    1 643.1
    1 582.3
    1 527.7
    1 457.6
    1 343.8
    1 249.7
    1 195.9
    1 150.5
    1 085.9

    1 131.4
    1 099.4
    1 055.2
    1 022.7
    976.1
    905.7
    842.2
    808.0
    776.3
    735.9

    575.9
    564.9
    543.2
    526.4
    494.6
    448.4
    415.0
    401.7
    386.4
    365.9

    194.8
    188.7
    179.7
    172.8
    158.8
    142.2
    129.6
    123.5
    115.5
    108.3

    381.0
    376.3
    363.5
    353.6
    335.7
    306.2
    285.5
    278.2
    270.9
    257.6

    555.6
    534.5
    512.0
    496.3
    481.6
    457.2
    427.2
    406.2
    390.0
    370.0

    385.5
    372.2
    361.6
    343.0
    328.9
    296.5
    275.4
    259.7
    254.1
    236.9

    180.5
    176.5
    172.3
    165.9
    159.8
    147.4
    141.2
    131.1
    124.2
    114.3

    205.0
    195.7
    189.3
    177.1
    169.1
    149.1
    134.3
    128.6
    129.9
    122.6

    176.8
    171.5
    165.6
    162.0
    152.6
    141.6
    132.1
    128.3
    120.0
    113.1

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    984.2
    896.6
    873.0
    811.0
    695.5
    609.4
    564.8
    522.4
    470.0
    411.1

    671.5
    611.5
    582.2
    529.5
    445.7
    374.8
    344.1
    326.3
    310.4
    289.5

    332.0
    304.1
    291.5
    263.7
    221.1
    184.5
    167.3
    162.1
    158.4
    148.5

    96.9
    85.3
    77.2
    65.2
    52.1
    42.6
    37.4
    36.3
    36.7
    35.8

    235.1
    218.8
    214.2
    198.5
    169.0
    141.9
    129.9
    125.8
    121.8
    112.7

    339.5
    307.4
    290.8
    265.8
    224.7
    190.3
    176.7
    164.2
    152.0
    141.0

    211.7
    199.6
    214.2
    214.7
    194.2
    186.7
    173.5
    150.9
    118.0
    84.4

    102.7
    103.0
    113.0
    121.7
    116.6
    117.4
    106.8
    82.7
    50.9
    24.4

    109.0
    96.6
    101.2
    93.0
    77.6
    69.2
    66.7
    68.2
    67.1
    60.0

    101.0
    85.5
    76.5
    66.9
    55.6
    47.9
    47.2
    45.2
    41.6
    37.2

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    361.9
    336.0
    327.2
    323.2
    303.9
    282.2
    275.7
    265.2
    255.8
    280.3

    262.2
    245.1
    239.6
    237.6
    222.9
    208.0
    204.4
    197.9
    193.8
    214.3

    133.9
    126.6
    125.5
    126.3
    119.3
    112.3
    110.4
    107.7
    107.6
    116.8

    31.7
    29.4
    28.9
    28.8
    26.3
    24.8
    24.8
    24.6
    25.6
    28.3

    102.2
    97.2
    96.5
    97.4
    93.0
    87.5
    85.6
    83.2
    81.9
    88.5

    128.3
    118.5
    114.2
    111.3
    103.6
    95.7
    94.0
    90.1
    86.3
    97.4

    67.4
    61.4
    59.1
    57.0
    54.0
    48.5
    45.6
    41.6
    35.5
    35.9

    15.7
    14.0
    13.4
    12.6
    11.4
    9.9
    8.6
    7.6
    6.7
    6.8

    51.7
    47.4
    45.7
    44.4
    42.6
    38.6
    37.0
    34.0
    28.8
    29.1

    32.3
    29.5
    28.5
    28.7
    27.1
    25.7
    25.7
    25.8
    26.5
    30.1

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    315.8
    331.1
    326.0
    315.8
    307.2
    297.0

    242.0
    254.0
    249.8
    241.4
    234.9
    227.0

    129.2
    135.5
    135.2
    133.1
    130.0
    126.5

    30.7
    31.9
    31.4
    30.9
    29.9
    28.3

    98.5
    103.6
    103.8
    102.2
    100.1
    98.2

    112.8
    118.5
    114.5
    108.3
    104.9
    100.5

    39.5
    40.6
    40.5
    39.7
    38.9
    38.0

    7.5
    7.9
    8.5
    8.7
    9.0
    9.2

    32.0
    32.7
    32.1
    31.0
    29.9
    28.9

    34.4
    36.5
    35.7
    34.6
    33.5
    32.0

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

    164

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 9-12. Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Net Stock of Fixed Assets and Consumer Durable Goods,
    19252001
    (Index numbers, 1996 = 100; year-end estimates.)
    Private fixed assets
    Year

    Government fixed assets

    Nonresidential

    Total
    Total
    Total

    Equipment and
    software

    Residential

    Total

    Federal

    State and local

    Consumer
    durable goods

    Structures

    2001 ........................

    116.92

    116.62

    119.74

    133.57

    111.56

    113.48

    109.81

    99.50

    113.79

    136.29

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    113.64
    109.84
    106.22
    102.88
    100.00
    97.35
    95.06
    92.94
    91.04
    89.48

    113.63
    109.89
    106.36
    102.96
    100.00
    97.30
    94.99
    92.88
    90.99
    89.52

    116.59
    111.95
    107.72
    103.57
    100.00
    96.96
    94.39
    92.31
    90.54
    89.24

    128.83
    120.59
    113.19
    105.98
    100.00
    94.90
    90.51
    86.91
    84.26
    82.58

    109.30
    106.70
    104.33
    102.04
    100.00
    98.31
    96.97
    95.94
    94.79
    93.75

    110.65
    107.79
    104.96
    102.32
    100.00
    97.66
    95.62
    93.47
    91.46
    89.82

    107.73
    105.67
    103.58
    101.75
    100.00
    98.23
    96.66
    95.22
    93.64
    91.77

    99.50
    99.55
    99.49
    99.63
    100.00
    99.40
    99.42
    99.47
    99.08
    98.05

    110.93
    108.06
    105.18
    102.59
    100.00
    97.76
    95.55
    93.51
    91.44
    89.25

    127.38
    118.75
    110.91
    104.74
    100.00
    95.94
    92.30
    88.86
    86.21
    84.67

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    88.06
    86.00
    83.74
    81.40
    79.04
    76.52
    74.03
    71.75
    70.14
    68.86

    88.14
    86.21
    84.09
    81.94
    79.79
    77.48
    75.07
    72.75
    71.10
    69.67

    87.82
    85.81
    83.71
    81.67
    79.73
    77.48
    74.69
    72.10
    70.41
    68.46

    81.17
    79.24
    76.88
    74.71
    72.94
    70.54
    67.71
    64.80
    63.24
    61.84

    92.34
    90.28
    88.36
    86.42
    84.36
    82.23
    79.48
    77.12
    75.35
    73.00

    88.47
    86.62
    84.50
    82.22
    79.86
    77.47
    75.48
    73.47
    71.86
    71.03

    89.82
    87.72
    85.83
    83.95
    81.87
    79.85
    78.01
    76.53
    75.37
    74.34

    96.80
    95.05
    93.37
    91.52
    88.68
    86.01
    83.60
    81.82
    80.43
    79.53

    87.02
    84.79
    82.82
    80.93
    79.15
    77.38
    75.77
    74.41
    73.34
    72.27

    83.97
    81.14
    77.20
    72.85
    68.63
    63.94
    59.86
    56.42
    54.30
    53.54

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    67.18
    65.42
    63.17
    60.94
    59.01
    57.43
    56.10
    54.40
    52.28
    50.34

    67.73
    65.74
    63.24
    60.82
    58.76
    57.16
    55.81
    53.93
    51.64
    49.60

    65.92
    63.48
    60.75
    58.31
    56.40
    54.89
    53.43
    51.29
    48.97
    47.14

    59.32
    56.64
    53.00
    49.60
    47.02
    45.23
    43.60
    40.88
    37.97
    35.93

    70.46
    68.22
    66.19
    64.52
    63.16
    61.87
    60.57
    58.90
    57.08
    55.47

    69.75
    68.24
    66.01
    63.61
    61.38
    59.69
    58.47
    56.89
    54.64
    52.36

    73.19
    71.87
    70.59
    69.47
    68.56
    67.50
    66.37
    65.28
    64.27
    63.07

    78.75
    78.24
    77.91
    77.89
    78.00
    78.18
    78.37
    78.87
    79.68
    79.90

    70.97
    69.34
    67.67
    66.10
    64.76
    63.22
    61.59
    59.89
    58.15
    56.37

    52.55
    51.56
    49.26
    46.47
    43.77
    41.52
    40.05
    38.37
    35.64
    33.38

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    48.72
    47.21
    45.43
    43.63
    41.94
    40.13
    38.43
    36.94
    35.63
    34.42

    47.88
    46.32
    44.58
    42.94
    41.42
    39.76
    38.13
    36.71
    35.47
    34.36

    45.57
    43.84
    41.90
    40.11
    38.37
    36.42
    34.73
    33.49
    32.51
    31.60

    34.43
    32.72
    30.63
    28.76
    26.97
    24.88
    23.20
    22.06
    21.21
    20.51

    53.88
    52.20
    50.47
    48.85
    47.24
    45.54
    43.93
    42.68
    41.63
    40.57

    50.47
    49.12
    47.61
    46.14
    44.92
    43.60
    42.06
    40.42
    38.87
    37.53

    62.00
    60.63
    58.95
    56.98
    54.81
    52.75
    50.96
    49.18
    47.41
    45.57

    81.03
    81.43
    81.44
    80.97
    79.54
    78.13
    77.30
    76.11
    74.61
    72.41

    54.44
    52.35
    49.99
    47.41
    44.92
    42.59
    40.40
    38.36
    36.47
    34.75

    31.67
    30.39
    28.57
    26.54
    24.90
    23.05
    21.42
    20.22
    19.25
    18.52

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    33.42
    32.39
    31.30
    30.52
    29.53
    28.51
    27.35
    26.39
    25.32
    24.38

    33.41
    32.42
    31.41
    30.65
    29.69
    28.66
    27.60
    26.73
    25.85
    25.04

    30.85
    30.04
    29.33
    28.78
    27.86
    26.91
    26.04
    25.36
    24.57
    23.89

    20.06
    19.49
    19.00
    18.76
    17.99
    17.21
    16.41
    15.87
    15.08
    14.39

    39.57
    38.57
    37.69
    36.88
    35.86
    34.80
    33.90
    33.10
    32.35
    31.71

    36.33
    35.12
    33.76
    32.75
    31.74
    30.62
    29.34
    28.26
    27.28
    26.33

    43.82
    42.32
    40.65
    39.22
    38.01
    36.82
    35.59
    34.12
    32.40
    30.81

    70.46
    69.03
    67.01
    65.84
    65.04
    64.06
    62.91
    60.64
    56.84
    53.23

    33.08
    31.55
    30.00
    28.47
    27.10
    25.83
    24.57
    23.43
    22.53
    21.73

    18.18
    17.61
    16.99
    16.86
    16.12
    15.46
    14.30
    13.64
    12.70
    12.06

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    23.43
    22.54
    21.92
    21.41
    21.02
    20.88
    20.49
    19.58
    18.46
    17.47

    24.16
    23.15
    22.40
    21.46
    20.63
    19.99
    19.86
    19.89
    20.04
    20.09

    23.12
    22.35
    21.71
    20.80
    19.93
    19.23
    18.92
    18.92
    19.15
    19.29

    13.56
    12.67
    11.89
    10.63
    9.29
    8.41
    7.80
    7.61
    7.74
    7.83

    31.03
    30.41
    29.91
    29.37
    28.97
    28.49
    28.53
    28.73
    29.03
    29.21

    25.34
    24.07
    23.20
    22.23
    21.42
    20.86
    20.92
    20.99
    21.04
    20.97

    29.63
    30.02
    30.54
    32.21
    34.41
    37.00
    35.13
    29.80
    23.37
    18.17

    51.11
    54.49
    58.01
    64.95
    73.38
    82.61
    75.59
    56.57
    34.16
    17.04

    20.93
    20.16
    19.51
    19.14
    18.91
    18.90
    19.06
    19.27
    19.44
    19.40

    11.28
    9.93
    8.95
    8.05
    7.08
    6.38
    6.45
    6.67
    6.85
    6.90

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    16.83
    16.47
    16.20
    16.04
    15.76
    15.52
    15.47
    15.53
    15.72
    15.86

    19.73
    19.50
    19.37
    19.36
    19.18
    19.09
    19.17
    19.36
    19.66
    19.92

    18.95
    18.82
    18.81
    18.89
    18.65
    18.58
    18.73
    19.02
    19.47
    19.87

    7.39
    7.12
    7.07
    7.11
    6.79
    6.59
    6.63
    6.86
    7.29
    7.77

    29.07
    29.12
    29.19
    29.28
    29.20
    29.30
    29.54
    29.84
    30.20
    30.39

    20.60
    20.26
    19.99
    19.87
    19.75
    19.66
    19.64
    19.70
    19.81
    19.90

    16.24
    15.53
    14.74
    14.05
    13.44
    12.71
    12.26
    11.84
    11.52
    11.05

    11.68
    10.79
    10.22
    9.59
    8.92
    8.19
    7.42
    6.86
    6.45
    6.25

    19.04
    18.38
    17.47
    16.73
    16.13
    15.36
    15.04
    14.67
    14.39
    13.78

    6.68
    6.36
    6.16
    6.15
    5.93
    5.78
    5.81
    5.98
    6.25
    6.53

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925

    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................
    ........................

    15.79
    15.50
    14.99
    14.52
    14.02
    13.48

    19.94
    19.69
    19.18
    18.64
    18.05
    17.39

    19.97
    19.63
    19.02
    18.55
    18.04
    17.46

    8.01
    7.94
    7.61
    7.44
    7.24
    6.92

    30.30
    29.71
    28.89
    28.17
    27.39
    26.59

    19.83
    19.69
    19.29
    18.67
    17.98
    17.23

    10.47
    9.91
    9.36
    8.94
    8.56
    8.24

    6.12
    6.08
    6.10
    6.16
    6.24
    6.34

    12.95
    12.12
    11.27
    10.61
    9.98
    9.46

    6.62
    6.51
    6.16
    5.91
    5.66
    5.36

    Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

    SECTION

    10

    CONSUMER INCOME
    AND EXPENDITURES

    166

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 10

    CONSUMER INCOME
    AND EXPENDITURES
    Highlights

    Reasonably reliable nationwide estimates of


    income distribution are available only from the 1940s
    when the minimum income requirement for filing
    income tax returns was substantially lowered to cover
    the vast majority of the population. Annual tabulations
    of tax-return data began during World War I but initially covered only a small fraction of the upper-income
    population. Sample field surveys of family incomes covering all income and occupation groups were introduced in the 1930s. Estimates of income distribution
    before the 1940s were pieced together from sample surveys in American Studies of the Distribution of Wealth
    and Income by Size (1939) by C. L. Merwin, The Present
    Distribution of Wealth in the United States (1896) by
    Charles B. Spahr, Wealth and Income of the People of
    the United States (1915) by Willford I. King, Income in
    the United States (19211922) by W. C. Mitchell, W. I.
    King, F. R. Maucaulay, and O. W. Knauth, and Americas
    Capacity to Consume (1934) by Maurice Leven, H. H.
    Moulton, and Clark Warburton. The Consumer
    Purchase Study (19351936) conducted by the National
    Resources Committee under Hildegarde Kneeland was
    the first sample field survey in which income data were
    collected from all types of families. Based largely on
    300,000 family income schedules, it represented a
    marked improvement over earlier estimates by providing data for numerous subgroups classified by occupation, community, region, color, and family size. The
    Survey of Spending and Saving in Wartime is the only
    other pre-World War II source on the distribution of
    family income nationwide. The 1940 decennial census
    was the first to include income questions, making it possible to compare prewar and postwar income levels. For
    the post-World War II years, income data are available
    from two sources: the annual Current Population
    Surveys of the Census Bureau and the annual surveys
    of consumer finances conducted by the Survey
    Research Center of the University of Michigan. In addition, all censuses since 1950 provide detailed information on the level of total money income, as well as wage
    and salary income, classified by demographic and
    socioeconomic characteristics and cross-classified by
    sex, race and occupation, and industry groups.
    Complementing these sources are income and expenditure surveys conducted by the Bureau of Labor

    Statistics for selected population groups, studies of farm


    family income by the Department of Agriculture, and,
    since 1937, surveys of income distributions of workers
    covered under the Old Age, Survivors, Disability and
    Health Insurance (OASDHI) program. The much
    broader coverage of Federal Individual Income Tax
    Returns since World War II has made it possible to
    measure changes in relative income distribution over
    time. As part of its national income work, the Bureau of
    Economic Analysis, formerly the Office of Business
    Economics, publishes a personal income series by combining census and income tax data. To derive meaningful comparisons over time, the data for the prewar period have been adjusted to make them compatible with
    the postwar data. Direct compatibility among income
    distribution series has not been fully achieved because
    of variations in definitions and coverage. Definitional
    differences apply to the basic unit of classification, the
    income measure, the time period, and the family unit.

    Collection of data on consumer expenditures


    began in the United States in the 1870s. The most substantial of these studies was made for Massachusetts by
    Carroll D. Wright in 1875. The usefulness of the data
    gathered in this study led Congress to request that further studies of this type on a broader base be conducted
    by the newly formed U.S. Bureau of Labor (of which
    Wright was made commissioner). The data on food
    expenditures obtained in the 1901 survey were used to
    devise an index of food prices purchased by workers.
    During that period, the need for a more inclusive index
    of retail prices became clearer because food prices rose
    much faster than those of many other commodities and
    rent. A nationwide study of the expenditures of wage
    earners and clerical workers was undertaken in 1918.
    The survey was first undertaken in seacoast cities
    (because of the number of wage disputes in shipbuilding centers) but later was expanded to other industrial
    centers. The first study of overall consumer expenditures of farm families was made in Livingstone County
    in New York State in 1909. Dramatic increases in industrial and agricultural productivity and the collapse of
    the economy in 1929 led a number of economists to
    study the factors affecting consumer expenditures and

    167

    SECTION 10: CONSUMER INCOME AND EXPENDITURES

    Median Income, 19472001


    (2001 dollars)
    60,000
    All families
    White
    Black
    Female householder, no spouse present

    Annual income

    50,000

    40,000

    30,000

    20,000

    10,000

    0
    1947

    1952

    1957

    1962

    1967

    1977

    1972

    1982

    1987

    1992

    1997

    2001

    Year

    to estimate changes in consumption patterns over time.


    The pioneer investigation in this field was presented in
    Simon Kuznets Commodity Flow and Capital
    Formation (1938). It showed national aggregates for
    four types of consumer goods and services. The
    Brookings Institution published estimates of expenditure patterns at different income levels for farm and
    nonfarm families in 1934 and for single individuals in
    1929. In the middle 1930s, two national cross-section
    studies of consumer expenditure patterns were undertaken. The first, conducted by the Bureau of Labor
    Statistics, covered employed city wage and clerical
    workers and was initiated to provide a new list of items
    and weights for the Consumer Price Index. The second,
    the Study of Consumer Purchases, was conducted jointly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of
    Home Economics of the Department of Agriculture.
    The results of the second study were used by the
    National Resources Planning Board as the basis for a
    national estimate of consumer expenditures. The first
    detailed estimates and aggregate consumer expenditures in goods and services appeared in High-Level
    Consumption by William H. Lough in 1935 and covered
    the period from 1909 to 1931. Data for later years were
    revised and extended in Outlay and Income in the
    United States, 19211938, by Harold Barger and in
    Americas Needs and Resources (1947) by J. Frederic
    Dewhurst. The first detailed estimates by the
    Department of Commerce of consumer expenditures
    for commodities and services were published in the

    Survey of Current Business in June 1944. As defined by


    the Department of Commerce, consumer expenditures
    represent the market value of purchases of goods and
    services by individuals and nonprofit institutions as well
    as the value of food, clothing, housing, and financial
    services received by them as income in kind. Rental
    value of owner-occupied houses is included, but purchases of dwellings, which are classified as capital goods,
    are not. Other national sample surveys include the
    Surveys of Consumer Finances, conducted for the
    Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System by
    the Consumer Research Center of the University of
    Michigan, and the Household Food Consumption
    Surveys of the Department of Agriculture.

    Based on 19821984 = 100, the Consumer Price


    Index in 2002 was 179.9. The rise was highest in medical
    care (285.6), shelter (208.1), and food (176.2). It was
    lowest in fuel oil (111.5), telephone services (95.7), and
    energy (121.7). The U.S. city average CPI was 179.9,
    with wide rational variations. It was highest in BostonLawrence-Salem (196.5) and San Francisco-OaklandSan Jose, CA (193.0), and lowest in WashingtonBaltimore (113.0). By selected products and services,
    the highest rise was for fresh fruits and vegetables
    (258.4), cable television (301.3), refuse collection
    (285.4), breakfast cereals (203.0), automobile insurance
    (291.6), airline fares (231.6), medical care (285.6), tobacco products (461.5), and college tuition (372.6).

    168

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Per Capita Food Consumption by Selected Products, 19802001


    80

    Beef and Veal


    Pork
    Fish
    Chicken and Turkey

    Pounds (carcass weight)

    70
    60
    50
    40
    30
    20
    10
    0
    1980

    1985

    1990

    1995

    2000

    2001

    Year

    The weekly food cost of a family of two has gone


    up from a range of $48.10 to $92.70 in 1990 to $63.80 to
    $124.70 in 2002. Relative cost for a family of four has
    gone up in the same period from $80.10 to $154.40 to
    $107.10 to $207.10.

    Although the annual percentage rise in consumer


    prices in the United States was only 2.8 percent in 2002,
    it has one of the highest rates in the OECD, all countries of which, except five, have much lower rates. For
    example, Japan had an annual percentage decline 0.7
    percent and Switzerland had a rise of 1.0 percent.

    Based on a nationwide average of 100, the most


    expensive housing in 2002 was in New York (411.3), San
    Francisco, California (331.2), and Los Angeles (207.6).
    The cheapest housing was in Fort Smith, ArkansasOklahoma MSA (69.6), Augusta-Aiken, Georgia-South
    Carolina MSA (71.9), and San Angelo, Texas (73.1).

    The purchasing power of the dollar has declined


    substantially since 1950. With 1982 = $1.00, the purchasing power of the dollar was $3.546 measured by producer prices and $4.149 measured by consumer prices in
    1950. In 2002, the relative values were $0.720 and
    $0.556.

    SECTION 10: CONSUMER INCOME AND EXPENDITURES

    Table 10-1Series G 179188. Number and Median


    Money Income of Families and Unrelated
    Individuals, 19472001
    (Income in current dollars.)
    Year

    Total median income


    (dollars)

    2001 ............................................................................

    51 407

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    50 732
    48 950
    46 737
    44 568
    42 300
    40 611
    38 782
    36 959
    36 573
    35 939

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    35 353
    34 213
    32 191
    30 970
    29 458
    27 735
    26 433
    24 580
    23 433
    22 388

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    21 023
    19 587
    17 640
    16 009
    14 958
    13 719
    12 902
    12 051
    11 116
    10 285

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    9 867
    9 433
    8 632
    7 933
    7 532
    6 957
    6 569
    6 249
    5 956
    5 735

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    5 620
    5 417
    5 087
    4 966
    4 780
    4 418
    4 167
    4 242
    3 890
    3 709

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    3 319
    3 107
    3 187
    3 031

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

    169

    170

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 10-2Series G 416469. Personal Consumption Expenditures, by Major Type of Product, 19462003
    (Billions of dollars.)

    Durable
    goods

    Motor
    vehicles
    and parts

    Furniture
    and
    household
    equipment

    Gasoline,
    Clothing fuel, oil,
    and
    and other
    shoes
    energy
    goods

    Nondurable
    goods

    Food
    and
    beverages

    183.8
    169.4
    163.0

    2 208.3
    2 086.0
    2 013.6

    1 064.2
    1 005.6
    964.6

    311.2
    304.4
    297.5

    208.7
    180.4
    188.5

    312.9
    293.9
    273.1
    256.2
    242.9
    228.6
    213.4
    193.4
    178.7
    171.7

    163.9
    153.0
    141.0
    131.4
    124.8
    116.3
    108.3
    99.3
    91.9
    88.7

    1 947.2
    1 804.8
    1 683.6
    1 619.0
    1 555.5
    1 485.1
    1 437.2
    1 379.4
    1 330.5
    1 284.8

    925.2
    873.1
    829.8
    796.2
    768.7
    740.9
    720.6
    691.9
    669.3
    657.5

    297.7
    286.3
    270.9
    258.1
    250.2
    241.7
    238.1
    229.9
    221.9
    208.7

    212.8
    215.3
    209.4
    195.0
    194.1
    175.9
    152.1
    126.5
    102.9
    95.8

    171.6
    171.6
    163.7
    153.4
    143.0
    128.5
    119.0
    106.6
    93.4
    92.1

    89.8
    84.9
    80.5
    73.2
    66.0
    59.0
    55.4
    47.7
    43.9
    43.4

    1 249.9
    1 166.7
    1 083.5
    1 015.3
    958.4
    928.7
    884.6
    831.2
    787.6
    758.9

    636.8
    591.6
    553.5
    515.2
    492.0
    467.6
    447.4
    423.8
    403.4
    383.5

    214.2
    214.4
    201.7
    181.2
    158.9
    133.5
    122.3
    123.5
    110.4
    96.9

    87.0
    93.5
    93.1
    83.5
    71.3
    54.8
    49.5
    56.1
    51.1
    44.5

    86.7
    82.7
    74.3
    67.2
    60.2
    54.5
    51.5
    47.9
    42.4
    37.8

    40.5
    38.2
    34.3
    30.5
    27.4
    24.2
    21.3
    19.5
    16.9
    14.6

    696.1
    624.5
    550.2
    497.1
    458.3
    420.7
    384.5
    343.1
    308.0
    285.5

    648.5
    605.2
    558.0
    507.8
    480.9
    443.8
    411.4
    382.7
    363.3
    342.1

    85.0
    85.9
    80.8
    70.4
    68.3
    63.3
    56.7
    51.6
    46.9
    41.8

    35.5
    38.4
    36.1
    30.0
    30.3
    29.9
    26.0
    24.4
    21.5
    17.8

    35.7
    34.7
    32.9
    30.0
    28.2
    25.1
    23.2
    20.7
    19.3
    18.3

    13.7
    12.9
    11.8
    10.4
    9.8
    8.2
    7.5
    6.6
    6.1
    5.7

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    331.7
    317.6
    296.2
    286.9
    271.7
    258.8
    240.0
    233.1
    219.5
    208.5

    43.3
    42.7
    37.4
    40.0
    38.1
    38.8
    31.9
    32.7
    29.3
    29.9

    19.7
    18.9
    15.1
    17.6
    15.8
    17.7
    12.8
    13.9
    11.4
    12.2

    18.0
    18.1
    16.9
    17.2
    17.3
    16.4
    14.8
    14.7
    14.0
    14.1

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    192.2
    178.5
    175.0
    162.0
    144.3

    30.7
    25.1
    22.9
    20.4
    15.8

    13.7
    10.6
    8.0
    6.6
    4.1

    13.7
    11.3
    11.5
    10.6
    8.4

    Year

    Total

    2003 ....................
    2002 ....................
    2001 ....................

    7 752.3
    7 385.3
    7 045.4

    941.8
    911.3
    881.9

    423.6
    418.1
    406.9

    334.5
    323.7
    312.0

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    6 739.4
    6 282.5
    5 879.5
    5 547.4
    5 256.8
    4 975.8
    4 743.3
    4 477.9
    4 235.3
    3 986.1

    863.3
    817.6
    750.2
    692.7
    652.6
    611.6
    582.2
    526.7
    483.6
    453.9

    386.5
    370.8
    336.1
    305.1
    284.9
    266.7
    260.5
    234.0
    213.0
    193.5

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    3 839.9
    3 598.5
    3 353.6
    3 100.2
    2 899.7
    2 720.3
    2 503.3
    2 290.6
    2 077.3
    1 941.1

    474.2
    471.8
    453.6
    421.7
    403.0
    363.5
    326.5
    280.8
    240.2
    231.3

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    1 757.1
    1 592.2
    1 428.5
    1 278.6
    1 151.9
    1 034.4
    933.4
    852.4
    770.6
    701.9

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951
    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946

    Other

    Transpor- Medical
    tation
    care

    Recreation

    Services

    Housing

    624.3
    595.6
    563.1

    4 602.1
    4 388.0
    4 149.8

    1 198.6
    1 144.6
    1 073.7

    293.8
    292.8
    294.0

    1 302.2
    1 202.7
    1 109.9

    319.3
    303.3
    283.8

    1 061.9
    1 036.4
    980.9

    191.5
    149.8
    133.9
    147.7
    144.8
    133.3
    129.0
    126.6
    124.6
    120.8

    532.9
    495.6
    449.0
    416.9
    391.9
    369.2
    349.5
    331.1
    314.7
    297.8

    3 928.8
    3 660.0
    3 445.7
    3 235.8
    3 048.7
    2 879.1
    2 723.9
    2 571.8
    2 421.2
    2 247.4

    1 006.5
    948.4
    894.6
    842.6
    800.1
    764.4
    726.1
    683.9
    658.5
    631.1

    291.3
    276.4
    259.5
    245.7
    226.5
    207.7
    190.6
    172.7
    157.7
    145.3

    1 026.8
    961.1
    921.4
    873.0
    833.5
    797.9
    752.9
    715.1
    672.2
    608.9

    268.3
    248.6
    229.3
    215.1
    202.5
    187.9
    171.4
    160.4
    146.6
    132.9

    945.9
    860.7
    790.5
    722.4
    667.6
    622.5
    596.7
    569.8
    535.5
    490.6

    204.1
    198.9
    185.5
    174.4
    163.1
    152.1
    142.5
    130.9
    120.5
    117.2

    124.1
    110.4
    100.0
    96.6
    91.4
    110.8
    108.4
    106.7
    108.6
    113.7

    285.0
    265.7
    244.5
    229.1
    211.9
    198.2
    186.3
    169.8
    155.2
    144.5

    2 115.9
    1 960.0
    1 816.5
    1 663.3
    1 538.3
    1 428.1
    1 292.2
    1 178.6
    1 049.4
    950.8

    597.9
    557.4
    521.5
    483.7
    448.4
    412.7
    374.5
    341.0
    315.2
    289.7

    147.7
    142.0
    133.4
    120.9
    111.1
    104.5
    93.2
    81.1
    72.9
    70.3

    556.0
    492.5
    442.8
    392.2
    357.5
    331.5
    303.2
    274.3
    243.3
    216.7

    125.9
    114.3
    102.1
    90.0
    83.7
    77.7
    69.7
    63.6
    56.8
    50.6

    461.0
    432.8
    409.4
    381.2
    349.9
    319.8
    282.1
    261.6
    218.8
    196.7

    356.0
    324.7
    289.6
    262.6
    242.5
    223.2
    201.8
    179.6
    161.4
    149.7

    107.3
    101.2
    94.3
    84.1
    76.6
    70.8
    66.0
    62.5
    56.4
    51.7

    102.1
    80.6
    61.6
    58.0
    53.2
    48.1
    44.0
    34.4
    29.5
    27.7

    130.6
    118.0
    104.7
    92.4
    86.0
    78.5
    72.7
    66.6
    60.8
    56.4

    846.9
    753.3
    676.6
    600.2
    534.7
    480.2
    426.6
    385.8
    352.2
    319.5

    256.2
    227.3
    202.4
    180.2
    162.2
    147.7
    134.8
    123.3
    112.6
    102.8

    65.2
    59.9
    53.4
    48.7
    42.5
    37.9
    34.1
    31.6
    29.6
    26.8

    184.4
    161.0
    143.1
    125.3
    109.1
    95.6
    82.3
    73.3
    65.6
    58.4

    43.6
    38.8
    34.7
    31.4
    28.4
    25.4
    22.5
    19.7
    17.6
    16.3

    183.8
    166.2
    151.8
    132.8
    120.1
    109.7
    97.1
    88.0
    81.4
    74.0

    272.0
    253.1
    235.7
    217.1
    208.7
    191.5
    178.6
    168.2
    162.8
    156.6

    143.8
    131.5
    122.2
    112.4
    109.3
    100.7
    93.5
    88.2
    86.1
    84.0

    47.8
    46.5
    43.2
    39.2
    37.4
    34.1
    32.4
    29.8
    29.0
    27.6

    26.3
    25.0
    23.3
    21.9
    20.7
    19.2
    17.7
    17.0
    16.4
    15.8

    54.1
    50.2
    47.0
    43.5
    41.4
    37.6
    35.0
    33.1
    31.4
    29.2

    291.5
    266.1
    241.6
    220.3
    203.8
    189.0
    176.1
    162.9
    153.6
    143.8

    94.1
    86.9
    79.8
    74.1
    69.5
    65.4
    61.4
    58.0
    54.7
    51.2

    24.0
    21.6
    19.3
    17.4
    15.9
    14.7
    13.8
    12.9
    12.3
    11.6

    51.7
    45.8
    40.1
    34.7
    31.5
    28.6
    26.4
    23.0
    21.2
    19.0

    15.1
    13.8
    12.5
    11.1
    10.4
    9.6
    9.1
    8.5
    8.0
    7.4

    68.8
    62.9
    57.7
    53.0
    48.4
    44.2
    40.4
    36.9
    35.0
    33.3

    5.7
    5.7
    5.4
    5.2
    5.0
    4.6
    4.3
    4.1
    3.9
    3.6

    152.8
    148.5
    141.7
    137.1
    130.8
    124.7
    119.7
    117.8
    114.7
    109.2

    82.3
    80.6
    77.9
    75.1
    71.4
    68.6
    66.8
    65.4
    64.1
    60.7

    27.0
    26.4
    24.9
    24.5
    24.4
    23.3
    22.3
    22.2
    22.0
    21.3

    15.8
    15.3
    14.8
    14.3
    13.3
    12.4
    11.4
    10.9
    10.2
    9.6

    27.7
    26.1
    24.2
    23.2
    21.7
    20.4
    19.3
    19.4
    18.4
    17.6

    135.6
    126.5
    117.0
    109.8
    102.8
    95.2
    88.4
    82.5
    75.4
    69.5

    48.2
    45.0
    42.0
    39.3
    36.7
    34.4
    32.3
    29.9
    27.0
    24.3

    11.2
    10.6
    9.9
    9.7
    9.2
    8.6
    8.2
    8.0
    7.4
    7.0

    17.7
    16.4
    14.8
    13.4
    12.1
    11.2
    10.5
    9.5
    8.5
    7.7

    6.9
    6.4
    5.8
    5.6
    5.6
    5.2
    4.8
    4.5
    4.3
    4.0

    31.3
    29.4
    27.0
    25.4
    23.8
    21.7
    20.0
    18.5
    17.1
    16.0

    3.3
    3.2
    3.4
    3.3
    3.2

    98.2
    94.9
    96.6
    90.9
    82.7

    53.9
    52.5
    54.2
    52.3
    47.4

    19.6
    19.3
    20.1
    18.8
    18.2

    8.9
    8.4
    8.2
    7.0
    5.9

    15.8
    14.7
    14.1
    12.8
    11.3

    63.3
    58.6
    55.6
    50.7
    45.8

    21.7
    19.6
    17.9
    16.0
    14.2

    6.0
    5.8
    5.7
    5.2
    4.9

    7.2
    6.7
    6.5
    5.7
    4.9

    3.9
    3.8
    3.8
    3.8
    3.7

    15.0
    14.0
    13.6
    12.5
    11.3

    Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts.

    Other

    Other

    SECTION 10: CONSUMER INCOME AND EXPENDITURES

    171

    Table 10-3Series G 881915. Apparent Civilian Per Capita Consumption of Foods, 18492001
    (Pounds, except eggs. Calendar years, except as noted.)
    Meats (carcass weight)
    Year
    Total

    Edible fats and oils

    Fish
    Pork, excluding (edible weight)
    Beef and veal
    lard

    Total 1
    (fat content)

    Fruits

    Butter, farm
    and factory
    Margarine 2
    weight
    (actual weight)
    (actual weight)

    Fresh (farm weight)


    Apples
    Total 3

    Citrus 4

    2001 .................................

    160.6

    63.6

    46.9

    14.7

    ...

    ...

    ...

    125.8

    24.3

    15.6

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    164.0
    166.0
    163.4
    157.4
    160.4
    164.4
    164.8
    161.1
    164.3
    161.8

    65.1
    64.9
    64.3
    63.4
    65.0
    64.3
    63.7
    61.8
    63.2
    63.7

    47.8
    49.3
    48.2
    44.7
    45.2
    48.4
    49.0
    48.5
    49.1
    46.8

    15.2
    14.8
    14.5
    14.3
    14.5
    14.8
    15.0
    14.8
    14.6
    14.8

    77.0
    69.5
    66.8
    66.2
    66.9
    68.1
    70.2
    72.3
    69.5
    67.5

    8.3
    7.9
    8.2
    8.4
    9.0
    9.1
    9.8
    11.0
    10.9
    10.5

    4.5
    4.7
    4.4
    4.1
    4.3
    4.4
    4.8
    4.6
    4.3
    4.3

    127.2
    129.6
    128.8
    129.4
    126.2
    122.5
    124.9
    123.5
    122.8
    112.5

    23.4
    20.3
    26.6
    26.5
    24.6
    23.8
    24.7
    25.8
    24.2
    19.0

    17.5
    18.5
    19.0
    18.1
    18.7
    18.7
    19.3
    19.0
    19.1
    18.1

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    162.3
    167.1
    173.1
    169.8
    174.0
    176.7
    175.1
    175.7
    170.1
    177.6

    64.8
    66.1
    69.7
    70.8
    76.0
    76.1
    75.3
    75.5
    73.9
    74.1

    46.4
    48.4
    48.8
    45.6
    45.2
    47.7
    47.2
    47.4
    44.9
    49.9

    14.9
    15.6
    15.1
    16.1
    15.4
    15.0
    14.1
    13.3
    12.4
    12.6

    66.0
    63.4
    66.3
    66.0
    67.6
    67.3
    64.4
    62.7
    61.1
    60.2

    10.9
    10.2
    10.3
    10.5
    11.4
    10.8
    10.4
    10.4
    11.0
    11.1

    4.4
    4.4
    4.5
    4.7
    4.6
    4.9
    4.9
    4.9
    4.3
    4.2

    116.2
    122.9
    120.9
    121.5
    117.3
    110.6
    112.6
    110.0
    107.3
    103.6

    21.4
    23.6
    25.4
    23.9
    24.2
    21.5
    22.5
    28.0
    23.4
    23.5

    19.6
    21.2
    19.8
    20.8
    17.8
    17.3
    18.4
    18.3
    17.5
    16.8

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    179.9
    177.5
    182.4
    189.7
    191.5
    181.0
    188.9
    176.8
    192.2
    198.4

    73.4
    74.9
    84.2
    88.9
    91.5
    86.0
    82.3
    77.1
    82.1
    81.1

    52.1
    48.6
    42.3
    42.3
    40.7
    38.4
    47.0
    43.2
    48.1
    53.0

    12.4
    13.0
    13.4
    12.6
    12.9
    12.1
    12.1
    12.7
    12.5
    11.5

    60.1
    59.3
    57.9
    56.2
    58.1
    55.5
    55.4
    56.4
    56.3
    54.8

    11.3
    11.2
    11.3
    11.4
    11.9
    11.0
    11.1
    11.1
    11.1
    10.9

    4.5
    4.5
    4.4
    4.3
    4.3
    4.7
    4.5
    4.8
    5.0
    5.2

    104.8
    100.1
    103.4
    99.7
    101.5
    101.8
    95.5
    96.4
    94.7
    100.3

    26.1
    23.0
    26.2
    26.1
    28.5
    29.0
    27.1
    27.2
    27.2
    29.0

    19.2
    17.1
    17.9
    16.5
    17.1
    19.5
    16.4
    16.1
    15.5
    16.4

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    192.7
    189.5
    191.9
    188.0
    180.3
    177.8
    186.9
    181.2
    175.3
    173.8

    81.6
    80.1
    79.9
    78.1
    76.9
    74.1
    74.3
    68.8
    65.5
    65.0

    48.1
    46.9
    48.3
    47.0
    42.8
    43.6
    48.8
    48.5
    47.4
    46.8

    11.7
    11.2
    11.0
    10.6
    10.9
    10.9
    10.5
    10.5
    10.6
    10.7

    55.7
    54.8
    54.1
    52.3
    52.8
    50.9
    50.8
    49.5
    48.8
    48.4

    10.8
    10.7
    10.7
    10.5
    10.6
    9.8
    9.6
    9.4
    9.2
    9.3

    5.4
    5.6
    5.8
    5.5
    5.8
    6.6
    7.1
    7.1
    7.5
    7.5

    101.2
    79.0
    78.3
    80.9
    81.4
    81.1
    78.7
    74.5
    83.4
    88.6

    28.8
    28.3
    26.3
    31.6
    29.1
    29.1
    26.2
    22.1
    29.5
    30.8

    17.0
    14.9
    15.7
    16.2
    16.1
    16.3
    17.9
    16.7
    17.4
    16.4

    1960* ...............................
    1959 .................................
    1958 .................................
    1957 .................................
    1956 .................................
    1955 .................................
    1954 .................................
    1953 .................................
    1952 .................................
    1951 .................................

    174.5
    174.7
    165.4
    173.6
    183.4
    179.2
    156.4
    157.4
    148.6
    143.6

    63.3
    60.6
    60.6
    64.8
    66.1
    63.7
    62.9
    61.1
    49.0
    45.9

    48.6
    51.0
    45.3
    46.4
    51.0
    50.4
    37.2
    39.2
    45.0
    45.2

    10.3
    10.9
    10.6
    10.2
    10.4
    10.4
    11.1
    11.3
    11.1
    11.3

    48.5
    49.6
    48.6
    47.6
    48.6
    49.3
    48.8
    47.3
    47.3
    45.4

    9.3
    9.1
    8.9
    8.5
    8.1
    8.0
    8.3
    8.1
    8.1
    6.7

    7.7
    8.0
    8.4
    8.5
    9.0
    9.3
    9.1
    8.6
    8.6
    9.7

    93.4
    95.7
    94.0
    96.7
    98.9
    99.4
    105.1
    109.4
    114.4
    118.0

    33.7
    34.0
    31.0
    37.1
    39.1
    41.8
    42.0
    44.1
    45.1
    45.8

    18.3
    21.1
    22.5
    19.3
    18.9
    19.6
    20.0
    20.9
    21.6
    25.7

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    146.9
    146.3
    147.2
    158.3
    157.4
    159.4
    174.2
    161.9
    151.4
    145.3

    50.2
    50.9
    50.9
    56.7
    51.1
    56.1
    55.0
    48.7
    51.7
    47.9

    43.0
    41.9
    42.0
    43.2
    46.8
    43.4
    53.6
    51.7
    42.2
    42.3

    11.9
    10.9
    11.2
    10.3
    10.8
    9.8
    8.7
    8.0
    8.8
    11.1

    49.3
    45.9
    46.0
    45.2
    42.7
    43.9
    46.2
    46.0
    49.4
    51.6

    6.1
    5.7
    6.1
    5.0
    3.8
    3.9
    3.6
    3.7
    2.9
    2.7

    10.9
    10.6
    10.1
    11.3
    10.7
    11.7
    13.4
    13.1
    16.4
    16.4

    108.8
    122.9
    131.6
    143.7
    133.9
    139.9
    140.1
    118.4
    130.0
    146.0

    41.7
    47.9
    54.4
    62.2
    59.1
    66.6
    68.2
    60.3
    57.7
    57.7

    22.7
    24.7
    26.3
    25.4
    23.0
    22.9
    25.5
    24.9
    28.1
    31.7

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    142.4
    133.5
    127.0
    126.1
    130.5
    117.3
    143.8
    136.0
    130.9
    130.6

    42.9
    42.8
    42.6
    43.9
    47.3
    42.4
    50.3
    40.4
    36.6
    37.9

    45.1
    39.7
    35.7
    34.2
    33.8
    29.7
    39.5
    43.4
    43.4
    41.9

    11.0
    10.8
    10.8
    11.7
    11.6
    10.5
    9.2
    8.6
    8.4
    8.8

    50.1
    50.2
    49.1
    49.3
    49.4
    48.0
    48.4
    46.9
    46.8
    48.2

    2.4
    2.3
    3.0
    3.1
    3.1
    3.0
    2.1
    1.9
    1.6
    1.9

    17.0
    17.4
    16.6
    16.7
    16.8
    17.5
    18.5
    18.1
    18.5
    18.3

    139.1
    148.2
    131.7
    138.6
    125.6
    133.2
    116.3
    124.8
    125.9
    160.3

    56.7
    61.4
    49.1
    44.5
    46.2
    44.6
    39.8
    39.4
    36.7
    42.3

    29.7
    30.7
    28.2
    33.6
    27.6
    32.9
    25.3
    40.0
    39.2
    51.7

    1Computed from unrounded numbers.


    2Prior to 1909, data are for year beginning in July.
    3Beginning 1934, excludes apples from non-commercial areas. Citrus fruit on
    4Beginning 1941, year begins October or November prior to year indicated.

    . . . = Not available.
    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    crop year basis, 1941 to date.

    172

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 10-3Series G 881915. Apparent Civilian Per Capita Consumption of Foods, 18492001Continued
    (Pounds, except eggs. Calendar years, except as noted.)
    Dairy products
    Potatoes
    (farm weight)

    Fresh
    vegetables
    (farm weight)

    2001 .................................

    46.2

    196.6

    207.5

    30.0

    16.3

    251.1

    66.2

    140.9

    5.8

    9.4

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    47.3
    48.0
    47.0
    48.5
    49.9
    49.2
    49.6
    50.1
    48.3
    50.2

    200.4
    191.3
    186.5
    190.1
    185.9
    180.9
    186.5
    180.7
    173.9
    170.3

    210.0
    213.1
    213.4
    216.4
    219.8
    220.7
    222.5
    223.7
    228.7
    231.6

    29.8
    29.0
    27.8
    27.5
    27.3
    26.9
    26.5
    26.0
    25.9
    24.9

    16.6
    16.7
    16.3
    16.1
    15.6
    15.5
    16.0
    16.0
    16.2
    16.2

    249.7
    248.8
    238.6
    234.3
    233.4
    232.3
    235.1
    233.7
    233.6
    232.9

    66.9
    66.7
    63.7
    63.1
    63.1
    62.1
    62.6
    62.0
    60.4
    58.1

    146.3
    142.6
    143.0
    146.8
    146.4
    140.0
    142.9
    142.1
    138.0
    136.5

    5.8
    6.0
    5.8
    5.7
    5.6
    5.6
    5.7
    6.0
    6.2
    6.5

    10.3
    9.8
    9.3
    9.1
    8.7
    7.9
    8.1
    9.0
    10.0
    10.3

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    46.7
    50.0
    49.6
    47.9
    48.8
    46.3
    48.3
    49.8
    47.1
    45.8

    170.2
    175.4
    170.2
    165.1
    158.5
    158.4
    156.4
    151.1
    150.8
    144.9

    233.3
    236.9
    237.1
    237.3
    240.3
    240.8
    237.6
    235.9
    235.6
    241.7

    24.6
    23.8
    23.7
    24.1
    23.1
    22.5
    21.5
    20.6
    19.9
    18.2

    15.8
    16.1
    17.3
    18.4
    18.4
    18.1
    18.2
    18.1
    17.6
    17.4

    234.1
    237.0
    246.6
    253.8
    253.5
    255.2
    260.1
    260.2
    264.1
    264.4

    56.2
    53.6
    51.9
    51.0
    47.1
    45.6
    44.0
    42.7
    42.2
    42.0

    135.9
    129.8
    131.7
    129.8
    125.6
    124.6
    119.1
    117.7
    116.9
    115.9

    6.0
    7.0
    6.9
    6.4
    6.4
    6.3
    6.1
    5.9
    6.0
    5.5

    10.3
    10.1
    9.8
    10.2
    10.5
    10.5
    10.2
    10.1
    9.9
    10.0

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    51.1
    49.3
    46.0
    50.1
    49.4
    52.6
    49.4
    52.4
    57.9
    56.1

    151.3
    148.5
    143.4
    148.6
    148.1
    148.8
    145.9
    148.0
    151.3
    148.0

    245.5
    250.6
    253.9
    257.5
    260.2
    261.4
    260.4
    269.0
    273.6
    275.7

    17.5
    17.2
    16.8
    16.0
    15.5
    14.3
    14.4
    13.5
    13.0
    12.0

    17.5
    17.3
    17.6
    17.6
    18.0
    18.6
    17.5
    17.5
    17.6
    17.7

    271.1
    276.6
    271.5
    267.0
    269.8
    276.0
    283.0
    288.4
    303.0
    309.9

    40.8
    40.2
    37.2
    35.9
    35.6
    32.8
    33.9
    33.8
    18.6
    22.1

    116.9
    116.4
    115.2
    115.5
    119.1
    114.5
    111.0
    112.8
    109.8
    110.5

    4.8
    5.9
    5.9
    5.7
    5.6
    6.0
    5.8
    6.0
    5.7
    5.5

    10.3
    11.3
    10.5
    9.4
    12.5
    12.2
    12.8
    13.5
    13.7
    13.1

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    61.8
    92.0
    94.0
    92.0
    96.0
    93.0
    96.0
    100.0
    98.0
    102.0

    154.3
    98.9
    98.7
    98.1
    96.0
    98.6
    98.6
    101.4
    101.4
    103.8

    275.3
    273.7
    275.8
    276.6
    291.0
    290.7
    291.5
    292.0
    291.2
    292.9

    11.4
    10.8
    10.5
    10.0
    9.7
    9.5
    9.4
    9.2
    9.1
    8.5

    17.8
    18.1
    18.5
    18.0
    18.3
    18.7
    18.5
    18.2
    18.1
    18.3

    308.9
    309.7
    316.5
    321.6
    313.6
    314.5
    317.9
    316.9
    325.8
    328.0

    33.8
    32.9
    31.6
    31.9
    30.7
    28.9
    27.2
    26.6
    26.2
    26.5

    110.9
    112.5
    112.8
    113.0
    112.0
    113.0
    114.0
    114.0
    115.0
    118.0

    5.5
    5.5
    5.5
    5.3
    5.5
    5.6
    5.3
    5.0
    4.9
    4.9

    13.6
    14.1
    14.9
    14.8
    14.6
    15.0
    15.4
    15.7
    16.0
    16.0

    1960* ...............................
    1959 .................................
    1958 .................................
    1957 .................................
    1956 .................................
    1955 .................................
    1954 .................................
    1953 .................................
    1952 .................................
    1951 .................................

    101.0
    101.0
    101.0
    106.0
    99.0
    106.0
    106.0
    106.0
    101.0
    113.0

    105.9
    102.3
    103.7
    106.4
    107.0
    105.2
    107.2
    109.1
    111.6
    111.9

    300.3
    305.1
    311.5
    318.0
    321.6
    321.1
    320.9
    328.3
    333.5
    333.6

    8.3
    8.0
    8.1
    7.6
    8.0
    7.8
    7.9
    7.4
    7.6
    7.2

    18.6
    18.9
    18.1
    18.2
    18.3
    18.3
    17.6
    18.2
    18.1
    17.6

    333.8
    351.7
    353.9
    361.5
    368.6
    371.2
    375.9
    379.4
    390.1
    396.4

    24.1
    24.8
    24.1
    22.3
    21.0
    18.8
    20.0
    19.1
    19.1
    18.7

    118.0
    120.0
    121.0
    119.0
    121.0
    123.0
    126.0
    128.0
    131.0
    133.0

    4.9
    4.7
    4.5
    4.5
    4.4
    4.1
    4.2
    4.4
    4.4
    4.6

    15.9
    16.0
    15.5
    15.6
    15.9
    15.4
    14.7
    17.0
    16.9
    17.4

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    106.0
    110.0
    105.0
    125.0
    123.0
    122.0
    136.0
    125.0
    127.0
    128.0

    115.2
    116.2
    123.0
    122.4
    129.9
    134.3
    123.9
    116.7
    119.0
    113.8

    331.5
    334.5
    339.5
    355.9
    374.8
    397.7
    388.5
    367.5
    332.6
    309.5

    7.7
    7.3
    7.0
    6.9
    6.6
    6.4
    6.0
    5.6
    6.7
    5.9

    17.4
    17.8
    18.6
    20.1
    23.1
    15.5
    14.6
    14.0
    16.2
    13.8

    391.4
    384.6
    395.8
    385.6
    385.2
    421.4
    373.5
    360.3
    324.6
    313.1

    17.6
    16.1
    15.1
    15.5
    17.1
    18.7
    18.4
    18.5
    15.3
    13.4

    135.0
    136.0
    137.0
    139.0
    156.0
    161.0
    149.0
    163.0
    157.0
    156.0

    4.5
    4.1
    4.6
    4.5
    5.3
    6.6
    6.0
    5.7
    6.2
    4.8

    16.3
    19.1
    18.4
    17.3
    19.6
    18.8
    17.7
    14.0
    15.3
    16.1

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    123.0
    122.0
    129.0
    126.0
    130.0
    142.0
    135.0
    132.0
    134.0
    136.0

    116.9
    116.6
    114.5
    111.0
    112.5
    111.2
    115.2
    104.5
    108.8
    108.3

    306.1
    305.9
    300.9
    301.5
    299.4
    296.6
    292.4
    302.6
    303.9
    298.1

    6.0
    5.9
    5.8
    5.6
    5.4
    5.3
    4.9
    4.5
    4.4
    4.5

    11.4
    11.0
    10.4
    10.6
    9.5
    8.1
    7.1
    6.0
    6.3
    8.6

    318.8
    312.8
    310.0
    307.7
    288.4
    279.3
    288.4
    296.3
    312.9
    332.4

    12.3
    11.9
    10.8
    11.5
    11.4
    10.7
    11.0
    12.0
    11.6
    11.1

    155.0
    158.0
    160.0
    159.0
    163.0
    158.0
    157.0
    162.0
    170.0
    169.0

    5.0
    4.4
    4.3
    4.4
    4.6
    4.0
    3.3
    3.6
    4.1
    4.4

    15.5
    14.9
    14.9
    13.3
    13.7
    13.4
    12.3
    12.8
    12.4
    13.0

    Year

    Fluid milk and


    cream 5

    5Cream included on whole-milk equivalent basis.


    6Chicken only, 19091928, but turkey consumption very small during that
    7SeptemberAugust year through 1939; AugustJuly year, thereafter.

    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    time.

    Ice cream
    (product
    weight)

    Cheese

    Eggs
    (number)

    Chicken and
    turkey 6
    (ready-to-cook)

    Wheat flour

    Peanuts
    (shelled) 7

    Coffee
    (greenbean
    basis)

    SECTION 10: CONSUMER INCOME AND EXPENDITURES

    173

    Table 10-3Series G 881915. Apparent Civilian Per Capita Consumption of Foods, 18492001Continued
    (Pounds, except eggs. Calendar years, except as noted.)
    Meats (carcass weight)

    Edible fats and oils

    Fish
    Pork, excluding (edible weight)
    Beef and veal
    lard

    Year
    Total

    Total 1
    (fat content)

    Fruits

    Butter, farm
    and factory
    Margarine 2
    weight
    (actual weight)
    (actual weight)

    Fresh (farm weight)


    Apples
    Total 3

    Citrus 4

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    128.9
    131.3
    131.6
    134.8
    138.0
    140.0
    147.3
    147.3
    137.8
    134.0

    38.1
    38.5
    38.0
    42.5
    47.1
    46.9
    46.9
    46.7
    46.0
    43.4

    41.1
    42.8
    43.5
    41.6
    39.4
    41.0
    45.5
    45.6
    40.4
    39.8

    10.2
    11.8
    12.1
    12.2
    11.4
    11.1
    11.0
    10.7
    11.3
    10.5

    48.8
    48.7
    47.7
    47.9
    47.7
    46.8
    45.4
    44.7
    43.2
    39.5

    2.6
    2.9
    2.6
    2.3
    2.0
    2.0
    2.0
    2.0
    1.7
    2.0

    17.6
    17.6
    17.6
    18.3
    18.3
    18.1
    17.9
    17.9
    17.1
    16.3

    129.9
    139.2
    146.1
    126.0
    160.8
    132.2
    148.0
    144.5
    144.8
    112.8

    31.2
    39.8
    29.5
    32.2
    31.4
    28.9
    33.9
    32.5
    24.6
    30.5

    42.1
    39.7
    48.9
    37.4
    62.3
    46.3
    54.1
    54.7
    57.5
    36.1

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    136.1
    138.9
    141.7
    135.3
    140.2
    134.9
    140.0
    143.7
    145.8
    152.0

    46.2
    47.8
    52.2
    49.5
    45.0
    42.8
    46.7
    47.9
    49.3
    52.1

    39.0
    39.2
    37.5
    36.2
    42.4
    40.9
    40.0
    41.1
    40.9
    42.4

    11.8
    11.6
    10.9
    10.9
    11.0
    11.2
    11.7
    11.5
    11.3
    11.3

    39.7
    43.4
    43.5
    40.2
    42.2
    43.2
    43.6
    40.2
    38.8
    34.9

    3.4
    3.4
    3.3
    2.7
    1.8
    1.4
    1.4
    1.5
    1.5
    1.1

    14.9
    15.3
    14.2
    15.8
    17.3
    17.2
    17.0
    16.5
    16.6
    18.7

    142.6
    122.3
    119.6
    129.8
    133.7
    154.5
    160.4
    130.2
    156.5
    152.6

    26.0
    23.5
    16.5
    22.0
    22.0
    23.1
    24.1
    16.6
    18.5
    19.8

    63.0
    45.2
    56.9
    56.1
    63.9
    69.0
    71.8
    59.3
    74.6
    73.5

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    146.4
    155.2
    163.3
    158.2
    155.6
    155.2
    152.7
    152.1
    144.8
    151.1

    53.4
    56.1
    79.3
    77.8
    78.3
    77.9
    75.6
    77.0
    71.0
    73.3

    38.2
    41.2
    77.7
    74.1
    71.0
    71.0
    70.6
    68.2
    66.7
    70.8

    11.2
    11.0
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    37.7
    35.5
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1.6
    1.2
    1.0
    0.9
    0.8
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.9
    1.6

    18.4
    17.9
    19.7
    17.6
    17.8
    19.9
    18.5
    18.3
    17.6
    20.0

    134.7
    135.0
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    17.8
    16.2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    59.4
    62.2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    150.7
    150.7
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    72.3
    72.4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    71.9
    71.8
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1.3
    1.4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    20.1
    19.6
    19.8
    20.8
    22.2
    18.4
    15.4
    15.5
    15.9
    16.7

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1890
    1889
    1888
    1887
    1886
    1885
    1884
    1883
    1882
    1881

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    18.2
    20.5
    16.0
    16.3
    16.8
    16.1
    15.3
    15.2
    13.9
    15.2

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1880
    1879
    1878
    1877
    1876
    1875
    1874
    1873
    1872
    1871

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    15.5
    15.6
    14.6
    14.4
    14.5
    12.4
    13.4
    13.4
    10.6
    11.7

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1870 .................................
    1869 .................................

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    10.7
    13.6

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    1859 .................................
    1849 .................................

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    14.8
    13.7

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    1Computed from unrounded numbers.


    2Prior to 1909, data are for year beginning in July.
    3Beginning 1934, excludes apples from non-commercial areas. Citrus fruit on
    4Beginning 1941, year begins October or November prior to year indicated.

    . . . = Not available.

    crop year basis, 1941 to date.

    174

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 10-3Series G 881915. Apparent Civilian Per Capita Consumption of Foods, 18492001Continued
    (Pounds, except eggs. Calendar years, except as noted.)
    Dairy products
    Year

    Potatoes
    (farm weight)

    Fresh
    vegetables
    (farm weight)

    Fluid milk and


    cream 5

    Ice cream
    (product
    weight)

    Cheese

    Eggs
    (number)

    Chicken and
    turkey 6
    (ready-to-cook)

    Wheat flour

    Peanuts
    (shelled) 7

    Coffee
    (greenbean
    basis)

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    132.0
    159.0
    147.0
    141.0
    128.0
    157.0
    154.0
    174.0
    143.0
    156.0

    111.9
    112.6
    104.2
    106.0
    100.6
    101.3
    100.9
    90.1
    92.8
    82.2

    298.1
    300.3
    298.4
    298.1
    301.2
    301.7
    293.9
    292.2
    300.6
    298.6

    4.7
    4.7
    4.4
    4.6
    4.6
    4.7
    4.6
    4.5
    4.3
    4.2

    9.7
    10.7
    9.9
    9.9
    9.5
    9.7
    8.8
    9.0
    8.2
    7.6

    331.0
    334.4
    338.3
    341.9
    338.5
    318.1
    324.2
    326.5
    315.9
    299.5

    12.3
    11.3
    11.5
    11.9
    11.1
    11.2
    10.7
    11.4
    11.1
    10.5

    171.0
    177.0
    179.0
    181.0
    182.0
    180.0
    180.0
    180.0
    180.0
    167.0

    3.2
    4.1
    3.8
    3.9
    3.4
    3.6
    3.5
    3.2
    2.7
    2.7

    12.5
    12.2
    11.9
    12.2
    12.4
    10.6
    12.2
    12.6
    11.8
    12.0

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    140.0
    152.0
    174.0
    146.0
    143.0
    185.0
    157.0
    189.0
    179.0
    157.0

    95.0
    76.6
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    305.8
    273.1
    305.6
    266.8
    250.9
    260.5
    279.3
    297.2
    309.1
    280.4

    4.0
    4.2
    4.0
    3.7
    3.8
    4.1
    4.2
    4.2
    3.9
    4.0

    7.6
    6.8
    6.4
    4.8
    4.3
    3.9
    3.4
    3.0
    2.7
    2.3

    299.5
    303.1
    284.3
    281.3
    299.2
    312.9
    295.3
    303.3
    311.4
    329.2

    10.8
    11.2
    10.3
    10.3
    10.6
    11.2
    11.1
    11.2
    11.5
    12.0

    179.0
    192.0
    179.0
    191.0
    204.0
    205.0
    207.0
    209.0
    211.0
    213.0

    3.0
    4.6
    2.8
    4.2
    2.8
    2.8
    2.5
    2.5
    2.3
    2.3

    11.7
    11.8
    10.1
    12.1
    11.5
    10.6
    9.2
    9.0
    10.8
    8.4

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    198.0
    187.0
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    289.1
    306.3
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4.3
    3.8
    3.8
    3.5
    3.5
    4.1
    4.1
    4.0
    4.0
    4.5

    1.9
    1.6
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    306.0
    292.8
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    11.8
    11.2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    214.0
    217.0
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2.5
    2.4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    9.2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3.7
    3.7
    3.4
    3.6
    2.9
    2.9
    2.9
    2.9
    3.7
    3.5

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1890
    1889
    1888
    1887
    1886
    1885
    1884
    1883
    1882
    1881

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3.8
    3.5
    3.5
    3.2
    2.8
    3.0
    3.1
    3.3
    3.1
    3.2

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1880
    1879
    1878
    1877
    1876
    1875
    1874
    1873
    1872
    1871

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2.7
    2.2
    3.5
    2.7
    2.6
    3.1
    2.6
    2.9
    3.0
    2.4

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1870 .................................
    1869 .................................

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    3.2
    3.0

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    1859 .................................
    1849 .................................

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    2.9
    4.1

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service.


    5Cream included on whole-milk equivalent basis.
    6Chicken only, 19091928, but turkey consumption very small during that
    7SeptemberAugust year through 1939; AugustJuly year, thereafter.

    . . . = Not available.

    time.

    SECTION 10: CONSUMER INCOME AND EXPENDITURES

    175

    Table 10-4. Families by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder, 19672001
    (Income in 2001 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, percent, families as of March of the following year.)
    Percent distribution
    Year

    Number
    of
    families

    Total

    Under
    $5,000

    $5,000
    $9,999

    Median income
    (dollars)

    $10,000
    $14,999

    $15,000
    $24,999

    $25,000
    $34,999

    $35,000
    $49,999

    $50,000
    $74,999

    $75,000
    $99,999

    $100,000
    and over

    Value

    Standard
    error

    All Races
    2001 .....................................

    74 340

    100.0

    2.6

    2.8

    4.3

    11.3

    11.9

    15.7

    20.8

    13.1

    17.6

    51 407

    181

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995

    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................

    73 778
    72 031
    71 551
    70 884
    70 241
    69 597

    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0

    2.3
    2.3
    2.5
    2.5
    2.4
    2.3

    2.7
    3.0
    3.4
    3.6
    4.1
    3.7

    4.4
    4.5
    4.5
    4.8
    5.1
    5.5

    10.9
    11.0
    11.4
    11.9
    12.1
    12.3

    11.9
    11.5
    11.9
    11.8
    12.5
    12.6

    15.8
    15.9
    15.8
    16.7
    16.5
    17.1

    21.1
    21.0
    21.5
    21.5
    21.8
    21.4

    13.2
    13.2
    12.9
    12.4
    12.1
    12.0

    17.7
    17.4
    16.1
    14.8
    13.5
    13.1

    52 148
    51 996
    50 689
    49 017
    47 516
    46 843

    190
    319
    261
    294
    235
    245

    1990
    1985
    1980
    1975
    1970
    1967

    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................

    66 322
    63 558
    60 309
    56 245
    52 227
    50 111

    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0

    2.4
    2.6
    2.0
    1.7
    2.3
    2.5

    4.1
    4.5
    4.0
    4.3
    4.6
    5.7

    5.2
    5.6
    6.0
    6.8
    6.0
    6.7

    11.8
    13.0
    13.5
    14.8
    14.3
    15.6

    12.7
    13.6
    14.0
    15.5
    16.2
    18.3

    18.2
    18.5
    20.3
    22.0
    24.4
    25.2

    22.2
    22.0
    23.4
    22.4
    21.0
    17.7

    11.7
    11.1
    9.7
    7.7
    6.9
    5.0

    11.7
    9.1
    7.0
    4.8
    4.3
    3.3

    46 429
    43 518
    42 776
    39 784
    38 954
    35 629

    222
    235
    183
    151
    ...
    ...

    White
    2001 .....................................

    61 647

    100.0

    1.9

    2.2

    3.9

    10.5

    11.6

    15.8

    21.4

    13.8

    18.9

    54 067

    251

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995

    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................

    61 330
    60 256
    60 077
    59 515
    58 934
    58 872

    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0

    1.8
    1.7
    1.9
    1.9
    1.7
    1.7

    2.2
    2.3
    2.7
    2.8
    3.2
    2.9

    3.9
    3.9
    3.9
    4.2
    4.4
    4.8

    10.2
    10.5
    10.7
    11.2
    11.4
    11.7

    11.6
    11.3
    11.8
    11.7
    12.4
    12.5

    15.9
    16.1
    15.9
    16.9
    16.7
    17.3

    21.8
    21.9
    22.4
    22.1
    22.8
    22.4

    13.9
    14.0
    13.6
    13.2
    12.8
    12.5

    18.7
    18.3
    17.2
    15.9
    14.6
    14.2

    54 509
    54 411
    53 168
    51 421
    50 275
    49 191

    246
    274
    307
    285
    299
    295

    1990
    1985
    1980
    1975
    1970
    1967

    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................

    56 803
    54 991
    52 710
    49 873
    46 535
    44 814

    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0

    1.7
    2.1
    1.6
    1.5
    1.9
    2.1

    3.0
    3.5
    3.2
    3.5
    3.8
    4.9

    4.4
    4.9
    5.1
    6.0
    5.4
    5.9

    11.4
    12.4
    12.8
    14.2
    13.5
    14.8

    12.6
    13.5
    13.9
    15.3
    16.2
    18.4

    18.7
    19.1
    20.9
    22.7
    25.3
    26.3

    23.2
    23.0
    24.6
    23.4
    22.0
    18.8

    12.4
    11.7
    10.3
    8.2
    7.3
    5.3

    12.5
    9.9
    7.6
    5.3
    4.6
    3.6

    48 480
    45 742
    44 569
    41 376
    40 411
    36 981

    234
    246
    191
    151
    ...
    ...

    Black
    2001 .....................................

    8 847

    100.0

    6.7

    7.0

    7.2

    16.5

    14.0

    15.2

    17.4

    8.7

    7.2

    33 598

    527

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995

    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................

    8 731
    8 664
    8 452
    8 408
    8 455
    8 055

    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0

    5.4
    6.0
    6.0
    6.2
    6.5
    6.4

    6.6
    7.7
    8.7
    9.3
    10.2
    10.0

    7.7
    8.8
    8.3
    8.6
    9.6
    10.0

    16.4
    15.2
    17.8
    17.1
    17.3
    16.8

    14.7
    13.9
    13.3
    13.6
    13.2
    14.3

    16.1
    15.0
    15.2
    15.0
    15.9
    15.6

    16.9
    16.5
    16.0
    17.2
    15.9
    14.7

    8.2
    7.9
    7.8
    7.1
    6.3
    7.8

    7.9
    9.1
    6.9
    5.8
    5.2
    4.4

    34 616
    33 755
    31 890
    31 457
    29 792
    29 956

    583
    641
    636
    693
    529
    713

    1990
    1985
    1980
    1975
    1970
    1967

    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................

    7 471
    6 921
    6 317
    5 586
    4 928
    4 589

    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0

    7.1
    6.4
    5.2
    4.0
    5.5
    6.5

    11.6
    12.5
    11.0
    11.7
    11.4
    13.0

    11.2
    10.7
    13.3
    14.0
    11.9
    14.1

    15.2
    18.4
    19.5
    20.0
    22.1
    23.8

    13.5
    14.5
    14.6
    17.1
    16.9
    17.3

    15.7
    15.0
    16.1
    16.4
    17.1
    14.8

    15.4
    14.3
    13.6
    12.7
    11.3
    7.4

    6.0
    5.6
    4.8
    3.2
    3.0
    2.1

    4.2
    2.6
    1.9
    1.0
    0.9
    0.9

    28 135
    26 339
    25 788
    25 458
    24 789
    21 895

    500
    480
    553
    365
    ...
    ...

    Asian and Pacific Islander


    2001 .....................................

    2 980

    100.0

    2.6

    1.8

    3.2

    9.8

    9.6

    13.8

    19.7

    13.9

    25.6

    60 158

    1 262

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995

    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................

    2 982
    2 506
    2 459
    2 381
    2 247
    2 125

    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0

    2.3
    2.8
    3.3
    2.9
    3.8
    2.7

    1.7
    3.3
    3.6
    2.3
    3.2
    3.3

    3.6
    4.3
    3.2
    4.4
    4.9
    6.3

    8.2
    8.1
    8.3
    8.5
    8.6
    9.7

    9.1
    8.8
    10.7
    9.0
    10.7
    10.0

    13.4
    14.6
    13.6
    16.3
    14.7
    14.9

    20.1
    17.8
    19.5
    21.9
    18.5
    21.9

    14.9
    13.6
    15.8
    13.6
    15.6
    13.6

    26.7
    26.7
    21.9
    21.1
    20.1
    17.7

    64 365
    59 820
    57 293
    57 026
    55 160
    53 470

    1 133
    1 759
    1 950
    1 976
    2 142
    1 240

    1990 .....................................

    1 536

    100.0

    3.2

    3.1

    3.8

    10.2

    9.8

    14.5

    21.2

    16.2

    18.1

    55 482

    2 063

    Hispanic Origin 1
    2001 .....................................

    8 516

    100.0

    4.1

    4.8

    7.9

    17.7

    16.2

    17.3

    16.8

    8.1

    7.3

    34 490

    467

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995

    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................

    8 017
    7 561
    7 273
    6 961
    6 631
    6 287

    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0

    3.8
    4.1
    4.5
    4.5
    4.4
    4.7

    4.9
    5.1
    6.6
    7.8
    8.1
    8.4

    8.0
    8.7
    8.7
    10.2
    9.9
    11.0

    17.4
    18.1
    18.6
    18.4
    20.4
    20.5

    15.8
    16.0
    16.6
    15.1
    15.7
    15.8

    17.5
    16.9
    16.3
    17.1
    15.9
    15.6

    17.4
    16.5
    15.9
    14.7
    14.1
    14.0

    8.3
    7.9
    6.6
    6.2
    6.4
    5.5

    6.9
    6.8
    6.2
    5.9
    5.1
    4.5

    35 403
    33 633
    32 112
    30 951
    29 407
    28 341

    520
    520
    616
    720
    557
    640

    1990
    1985
    1980
    1975
    1972

    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................

    4 981
    4 206
    3 235
    2 499
    2 312

    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0

    4.2
    4.0
    3.6
    3.1
    2.6

    7.8
    9.0
    7.7
    9.4
    6.2

    10.9
    10.7
    10.2
    10.8
    10.6

    18.5
    18.9
    20.1
    21.8
    20.7

    14.9
    15.8
    17.0
    18.0
    20.8

    17.8
    17.3
    17.9
    20.5
    22.0

    15.3
    15.0
    16.2
    12.1
    12.4

    6.1
    6.2
    4.6
    2.9
    3.1

    4.5
    3.1
    2.7
    1.4
    1.6

    30 772
    29 855
    29 943
    27 697
    30 008

    743
    769
    800
    664
    ...

    Non-Hispanic White
    2001 .....................................

    53 628

    100.0

    1.6

    1.8

    3.3

    9.5

    10.9

    15.6

    22.0

    14.6

    20.6

    57 328

    242

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995

    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................

    53 729
    53 071
    53 107
    52 875
    52 625
    52 861

    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0

    1.6
    1.4
    1.6
    1.6
    1.5
    1.4

    1.8
    1.9
    2.2
    2.2
    2.7
    2.2

    3.3
    3.2
    3.3
    3.5
    3.7
    4.1

    9.2
    9.5
    9.6
    10.3
    10.3
    10.7

    11.0
    10.6
    11.2
    11.2
    12.0
    12.1

    15.7
    16.0
    15.9
    16.8
    16.8
    17.5

    22.3
    22.6
    23.2
    23.1
    23.8
    23.4

    14.6
    14.8
    14.5
    14.0
    13.6
    13.3

    20.4
    19.9
    18.6
    17.2
    15.7
    15.3

    57 810
    57 488
    55 971
    54 591
    52 821
    51 927

    237
    377
    282
    355
    283
    292

    1990
    1985
    1980
    1975
    1972

    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................

    52 038
    50 912
    49 584
    47 447
    46 213

    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0
    100.0

    1.5
    1.9
    1.5
    1.4
    1.5

    2.6
    3.0
    2.9
    3.2
    3.3

    3.8
    4.5
    4.8
    5.7
    5.2

    10.8
    11.9
    12.4
    13.8
    12.5

    12.4
    13.3
    13.7
    15.2
    15.0

    18.8
    19.2
    21.1
    22.8
    23.6

    23.9
    23.7
    25.1
    24.0
    24.2

    13.0
    12.2
    10.6
    8.4
    8.8

    13.3
    10.4
    7.9
    5.5
    6.0

    50 219
    47 162
    45 448
    42 086
    42 884

    288
    251
    214
    215
    183

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey.


    1May be of any race.

    . . . = Not available.

    176

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 10-5. Shares of Aggregate Income Received by Each Fifth and Top 5 Percent of Households,
    19672002
    (Number of households as of March of the following year, percent.)
    Year

    Number
    (thousands)

    Share of aggregate income (percent)


    Lowest fifth

    Second fifth

    Third fifth

    Fourth fifth

    Highest fifth

    Top 5 percent

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    111 278
    109 297

    3.5
    3.5

    8.8
    8.7

    14.8
    14.6

    23.3
    23.0

    49.7
    50.1

    21.7
    22.4

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    108 209
    106 434
    103 874
    102 528
    101 018
    99 627
    98 990
    97 107
    96 426
    95 669

    3.6
    3.6
    3.6
    3.6
    3.7
    3.7
    3.6
    3.6
    3.8
    3.8

    8.9
    8.9
    9.0
    8.9
    9.0
    9.1
    8.9
    9.0
    9.4
    9.6

    14.8
    14.9
    15.0
    15.0
    15.1
    15.2
    15.0
    15.1
    15.8
    15.9

    23.0
    23.2
    23.2
    23.2
    23.3
    23.3
    23.4
    23.5
    24.2
    24.2

    49.8
    49.4
    49.2
    49.4
    49.0
    48.7
    49.1
    48.9
    46.9
    46.5

    22.1
    21.5
    21.4
    21.7
    21.4
    21.0
    21.2
    21.0
    18.6
    18.1

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    94 312
    93 347
    92 830
    91 124
    89 479
    88 458
    86 789
    85 290
    83 918
    83 527

    3.9
    3.8
    3.8
    3.8
    3.9
    4.0
    4.1
    4.1
    4.1
    4.2

    9.6
    9.5
    9.6
    9.6
    9.7
    9.7
    9.9
    10.0
    10.1
    10.2

    15.9
    15.8
    16.0
    16.1
    16.2
    16.3
    16.4
    16.5
    16.6
    16.8

    24.0
    24.0
    24.3
    24.3
    24.5
    24.6
    24.7
    24.7
    24.7
    25.0

    46.6
    46.8
    46.3
    46.2
    45.7
    45.3
    44.9
    44.7
    44.5
    43.8

    18.6
    18.9
    18.3
    18.2
    17.5
    17.0
    16.5
    16.4
    16.2
    15.6

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    82 368
    80 776
    77 330
    76 030
    74 142
    72 867
    71 163
    69 859
    68 251
    66 676

    4.3
    4.2
    4.3
    4.4
    4.4
    4.4
    4.4
    4.2
    4.1
    4.1

    10.3
    10.3
    10.3
    10.3
    10.4
    10.5
    10.6
    10.5
    10.5
    10.6

    16.9
    16.9
    16.9
    17.0
    17.1
    17.1
    17.1
    17.1
    17.1
    17.3

    24.9
    24.7
    24.8
    24.8
    24.8
    24.8
    24.7
    24.6
    24.5
    24.5

    43.7
    44.0
    43.7
    43.6
    43.3
    43.2
    43.1
    43.6
    43.9
    43.5

    15.8
    16.4
    16.2
    16.1
    16.0
    15.9
    15.9
    16.6
    17.0
    16.7

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    64 778
    63 401
    62 214
    60 813

    4.1
    4.1
    4.2
    4.0

    10.8
    10.9
    11.1
    10.8

    17.4
    17.5
    17.5
    17.3

    24.5
    24.5
    24.4
    24.2

    43.3
    43.0
    42.8
    43.8

    16.6
    16.6
    16.6
    17.5

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, March Current Population Survey.

    SECTION 10: CONSUMER INCOME AND EXPENDITURES

    177

    Table 10-6. Purchasing Power of the Dollar, 19502002


    (PPI, 1982 = $1.00; CPI, 19821984 = $1.00.)
    Annual average as measured by
    Year
    Producer prices

    Consumer prices

    2002 .......................................................................................
    2001 .......................................................................................

    0.720
    0.711

    0.556
    0.565

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................

    0.725
    0.752
    0.766
    0.759
    0.762
    0.782
    0.797
    0.802
    0.812
    0.822

    0.581
    0.600
    0.614
    0.623
    0.638
    0.656
    0.675
    0.692
    0.713
    0.734

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................

    0.839
    0.880
    0.926
    0.949
    0.969
    0.955
    0.964
    0.984
    1.000
    1.041

    0.766
    0.807
    0.846
    0.880
    0.913
    0.928
    0.961
    1.003
    1.035
    1.098

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................

    1.136
    1.289
    1.433
    1.546
    1.645
    1.718
    1.901
    2.193
    2.392
    2.469

    1.215
    1.380
    1.532
    1.649
    1.757
    1.859
    2.029
    2.251
    2.391
    2.466

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................

    2.545
    2.632
    2.732
    2.809
    2.841
    2.933
    2.985
    2.994
    2.985
    2.994

    2.574
    2.726
    2.873
    2.993
    3.080
    3.166
    3.220
    3.265
    3.304
    3.340

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................
    .......................................................................................

    2.994
    3.021
    3.012
    3.077
    3.195
    3.279
    3.289
    3.300
    3.268
    3.247

    3.373
    3.427
    3.457
    3.549
    3.678
    3.732
    3.717
    3.735
    3.765
    3.846

    1950 .......................................................................................

    3.546

    4.151

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract: 2003.


    Note: Producer prices prior to 1961, and consumer prices prior to 1964, exclude Alaska and Hawaii. Producer prices based on finished goods index. Annual figures are based on average monthly
    data.

    178

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 10-7. Consumer Price Indexes (CPI-U), by Major Groups, 19802002


    (19821984 = 100, except as noted; percent change.)

    Year

    All items

    Commodities

    Services

    Food

    Energy

    All items
    less food
    and energy

    Food and
    beverages

    Shelter

    Transportation

    Medical
    care

    Apparel

    Education
    and
    communication 1

    Index
    2002 .................................
    2001 .................................

    179.9
    177.1

    149.7
    150.7

    209.8
    203.4

    176.2
    173.1

    121.7
    129.3

    190.5
    186.1

    176.8
    173.6

    208.1
    200.6

    152.9
    154.3

    285.6
    272.8

    124.0
    127.3

    106.8
    105.2

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    172.2
    166.6
    163.0
    160.5
    156.9
    152.4
    148.2
    144.5
    140.3
    136.2

    149.2
    144.4
    141.9
    141.8
    139.9
    136.4
    133.8
    131.5
    129.1
    126.6

    195.3
    188.8
    184.2
    179.4
    174.1
    168.7
    163.1
    157.9
    152.0
    146.3

    167.8
    164.1
    160.7
    157.3
    153.3
    148.4
    144.3
    140.9
    137.9
    136.3

    124.6
    106.6
    102.9
    111.5
    110.1
    105.2
    104.6
    104.2
    103.0
    102.5

    181.3
    177.0
    173.4
    169.5
    165.6
    161.2
    156.5
    152.2
    147.3
    142.1

    168.4
    164.6
    161.1
    157.7
    153.7
    148.9
    144.9
    141.6
    138.7
    136.8

    193.4
    187.3
    182.1
    176.3
    171.0
    165.7
    160.5
    155.7
    151.2
    146.3

    153.3
    144.4
    141.6
    144.3
    143.0
    139.1
    134.3
    130.4
    126.5
    123.8

    260.8
    250.6
    242.1
    234.6
    228.2
    220.5
    211.0
    201.4
    190.1
    177.0

    129.6
    131.3
    133.0
    132.9
    131.7
    132.0
    133.4
    133.7
    131.9
    128.7

    102.5
    101.2
    100.3
    98.4
    95.3
    92.2
    88.8
    85.5
    ...
    ...

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1980

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    130.7
    124.0
    118.3
    113.6
    82.4

    122.8
    116.7
    111.5
    107.7
    86.0

    139.2
    131.9
    125.7
    120.2
    77.9

    132.4
    125.1
    118.2
    113.5
    86.8

    102.1
    94.3
    89.3
    88.6
    86.0

    135.5
    129.0
    123.4
    118.2
    80.8

    132.1
    124.9
    118.2
    113.5
    86.7

    140.0
    132.8
    127.1
    121.3
    81.0

    120.5
    114.1
    108.7
    105.4
    83.1

    162.8
    149.3
    138.6
    130.1
    74.9

    124.1
    118.6
    115.4
    110.6
    90.9

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Percent Change 2
    2002 .................................
    2001 .................................

    1.6
    2.8

    -0.7
    1.0

    3.1
    4.1

    1.8
    3.2

    -5.9
    3.8

    2.4
    2.6

    1.8
    3.1

    3.7
    3.7

    -0.9
    0.7

    4.7
    4.6

    -2.6
    -1.8

    1.5
    2.6

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    3.4
    2.2
    1.6
    2.3
    3.0
    2.8
    2.6
    3.0
    3.0
    4.2

    3.3
    1.8
    0.1
    1.4
    2.6
    1.9
    1.7
    1.9
    2.0
    3.1

    3.4
    2.5
    2.7
    3.0
    3.2
    3.4
    3.3
    3.9
    3.9
    5.1

    2.3
    2.1
    2.2
    2.6
    3.3
    2.8
    2.4
    2.2
    1.2
    2.9

    16.9
    3.6
    -7.7
    1.3
    4.7
    0.6
    0.4
    1.2
    0.5
    0.4

    2.4
    2.1
    2.3
    2.4
    2.7
    3.0
    2.8
    3.3
    3.7
    4.9

    2.3
    2.2
    2.2
    2.6
    3.2
    2.8
    2.3
    2.1
    1.4
    3.6

    3.3
    2.9
    3.3
    3.1
    3.2
    3.2
    3.1
    3.0
    3.3
    4.5

    6.2
    2.0
    -1.9
    0.9
    2.8
    3.6
    3.0
    3.1
    2.2
    2.7

    4.1
    3.5
    3.2
    2.8
    3.5
    4.5
    4.8
    5.9
    7.4
    8.7

    -1.3
    -1.3
    0.1
    0.9
    -0.2
    -1.0
    -0.2
    1.4
    2.5
    3.7

    1.3
    0.9
    1.9
    3.3
    3.4
    3.8
    3.9
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1980

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    5.4
    4.8
    4.1
    3.6
    13.5

    5.2
    4.7
    3.5
    3.2
    12.3

    5.5
    4.9
    4.6
    4.2
    15.4

    5.8
    5.8
    4.1
    4.1
    8.6

    8.3
    5.6
    0.8
    0.5
    30.9

    5.0
    4.5
    4.4
    4.1
    12.4

    5.8
    5.7
    4.1
    4.0
    8.5

    5.4
    4.5
    4.8
    4.7
    17.6

    5.6
    5.0
    3.1
    3.0
    17.9

    9.0
    7.7
    6.5
    6.6
    11.0

    4.6
    2.8
    4.3
    4.4
    7.1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract: 2003.


    Note: Annual figures are based on average monthly data. Reflects buying patterns of all urban consumers.
    1December 1977 = 100.
    2Change from immediate

    . . . = Not available.

    prior year. 1980 change from 1979; 1987 change from 1986.

    SECTION

    11

    SOCIAL WELFARE

    180

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 11

    SOCIAL
    WELFARE
    Highlights

    Government Transfer Payments to Individuals, 1970 and 2001

    1970

    Other
    0.7%
    Retirement and disability
    insurance benefits
    49.4%

    Veterans benefits
    10.8%

    Unemployment insurance
    benefits
    6.1%

    Income maintenance
    benefits
    14.3%

    Medical payments
    18.7%

    2001

    Veterans benefits
    2.4%
    Unemployment insurance
    benefits
    2.9%

    Other
    1.5%

    Retirement and disability


    insurance benefits
    40.5%

    Income maintenance
    benefits
    10.0%

    Medical payments
    42.8%

    SECTION 11: SOCIAL WELFARE

    The United States adopted the concepts of Social


    Security and Welfare much later than other Western
    democracies. Throughout the nineteenth century, social
    welfare activities remained a local responsibility.
    Following public support of education in Massachusetts
    and other states, state intervention was extended to
    health programs, care of blind and orphaned people,
    workers compensation, and retirement pensions. It was
    not until the Social Security Act of 1935 that the federal
    government participated in any major way in permanent welfare programs for the general population. The
    act established a national system of old age insurance
    and provided federal grants-in-aid to the states for public assistance, maternal and child health and welfare
    services, general public health services, and vocational
    rehabilitation services. The Social Security
    Administration administers many of these programs,
    and its annual and monthly reports carry an enormous
    volume of statistical data.

    Of 109.3 million households in the United States in


    2001, 5.9 million received food stamps, 7.9 million
    received school lunches, 5.0 million received public
    housing, and 15.8 million received Medicaid.

    181

    Of the 13,529,000 custodial parents who were


    awarded child support in 1999, 1,786,000 did not receive
    any payments, and 3,530,000 custodial parents live
    below poverty level.

    In 2000, 27.6 percent of the population did some


    voluntary work. More women volunteer than men (31.1
    percent vs. 23.8 percent), and more Whites volunteer
    than Blacks (29.4 percent vs. 19.2 percent).
    Approximately one-third of voluntary work is churchrelated.

    10
    In 2002, Americans spent $240.9 billion on charity, of which $183.7 billion came from individuals. The
    majority of private philanthropy is earmarked for religion, education, health, and arts, culture, and humanities. The Census Bureau does not distinguish between
    religious organizations and religion-affiliated charities.
    Religion itself is considered a charity, even if it does not
    engage in what is generally considered as charitable
    work. Of the total number of households in 2000,
    approximately 12 percent do not contribute anything to
    charity.

    11
    There were 61,810 foundations in the United
    States in 2001 of which 214 had assets of more than

    $250 million, 351 had assets between $100 million and


    $250 million, and 4,576 had assets between $50 million
    and $100 million. These foundations made annual grants
    in 2000 of $15.015 billion, of which 25.2 percent went to
    education, 20.6 percent to health, 14.4 percent to human
    services, and 12.0 percent to arts and culture.

    In 2002, 189.9 million people were covered by


    Social Security, of whom 28.5 million were over age 65.
    The annual maximum taxable earnings were $84,900.
    In 1998, there were 730,000 pension plans, of which
    673,600 were defined contribution plans and 56.8
    defined benefit plans. The total number of participants
    was 99.5 million.

    5 In 1998, there were 300,593 401(k) plans, with


    assets of $1.541 billion.
    6

    In 2002, 18.120 million people received work disability benefits, representing approximately 10 percent
    of the civilian labor force.

    In 2002, 19.1 million people participated in federal


    food stamp programs.

    12
    In 2001, 73 percent of Americas children under
    six years of age were in childcare arrangements other
    than in the parental home: 22.8 percent were in the care
    of relatives; 14.1 percent in the care of babysitters other
    than relatives; and 56.4 percent in organized childcare
    facilities.

    13
    In 2002, there were 112,574 licensed childcare
    centers and 306,694 licensed family childcare providers.

    182

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 11-1. Government Transfer Payments to IndividualsSummary, 19702001


    (Billions of dollars.)

    Year

    Retirement and
    disability
    insurance
    benefits

    Total

    Income
    maintenance
    benefits

    Medical
    payments

    Unemployment
    insurance
    benefits

    Veterans benefits

    Federal
    education and
    training
    assistance
    payments 1

    Other 2

    2001 ......................................................

    1 111.8

    449.9

    475.8

    110.9

    32.4

    26.5

    13.1

    3.2

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 014.2
    965.5
    935.1
    914.9
    883.0
    841.0
    792.8
    760.6
    714.8
    635.7

    425.1
    402.9
    392.0
    379.4
    364.6
    350.0
    334.8
    320.8
    304.7
    285.7

    423.2
    399.8
    386.3
    379.6
    361.3
    337.5
    308.3
    284.7
    257.3
    223.5

    106.5
    104.5
    100.7
    100.3
    102.5
    100.4
    95.6
    90.3
    84.6
    72.5

    21.1
    20.7
    19.9
    20.3
    22.5
    21.9
    24.1
    34.9
    39.7
    26.9

    24.9
    24.1
    23.2
    22.2
    21.4
    20.5
    19.7
    19.4
    18.6
    18.1

    11.0
    11.4
    11.2
    11.5
    8.6
    9.0
    8.6
    9.1
    8.0
    7.3

    2.4
    2.1
    1.9
    1.7
    2.1
    1.6
    1.8
    1.4
    2.0
    1.8

    1990 ......................................................
    1985 ......................................................

    561.4
    394.7

    263.9
    197.2

    189.1
    114.6

    63.5
    44.4

    18.2
    15.9

    17.7
    16.6

    7.3
    5.5

    1.8
    0.6

    1980 ......................................................

    262.7

    128.8

    62.0

    34.3

    18.7

    14.7

    4.1

    0.2

    1970 ......................................................

    69.3

    34.3

    13.0

    9.9

    4.2

    7.5

    0.4

    0.1

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Excludes

    veterans. Consists largely of federal fellowship payments (National Science Foundation fellowships and traineeships, subsistence payments to state maritime academy cadets, and
    other federal fellowships), interest subsidy on higher education loans, basic educational opportunity grants, and Job Corps payments.
    largely of Bureau of Indian Affairs payments, education exchange payments, Alaska Permanent Fund dividend payments, compensation of survivors of public safety officers,
    compensation of victims of crime, disaster relief payments, compensation for Japanese internment, and other special payments to individuals.

    2Consists

    Table 11-2. Social SecurityCovered Employment, Earnings, and Contribution Rates, 19802002
    (Millions, except as noted; includes Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and Guam; represents all reported employment; data are
    estimated; OASDHI = Old-age, survivors, disability, and health insurance; SMI = Supplementary medical insurance.)
    Item

    Unit

    Workers with insured status 1 .............. Million


    Male ................................................. Million
    Female ............................................. Million

    1980

    1985

    1990

    1992

    1993

    1994

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    140.4
    76.6
    63.8

    150.9
    80.7
    70.1

    164.0
    86.5
    77.5

    167.5
    87.9
    79.6

    169.1
    88.5
    80.6

    170.7
    89.1
    81.6

    173.2
    90.2
    83.0

    175.3
    91.1
    84.2

    177.8
    92.1
    85.7

    180.2
    93.1
    87.1

    182.7
    94.1
    88.6

    185.1
    95.2
    89.9

    187.5
    96.3
    91.3

    189.9
    97.3
    92.6

    Million
    Million
    Million
    Million
    Million
    Million
    Million
    Million

    25.7
    36.5
    23.0
    18.6
    9.0
    8.0
    7.0
    12.1

    22.0
    40.1
    29.9
    19.2
    9.0
    8.8
    7.5
    14.3

    21.3
    41.6
    36.4
    22.8
    8.7
    8.8
    8.2
    16.3

    20.1
    40.8
    38.1
    25.6
    9.0
    8.5
    8.2
    17.3

    19.5
    40.3
    38.9
    26.8
    9.3
    8.5
    8.2
    17.7

    19.0
    39.8
    39.7
    28.2
    9.5
    8.4
    8.1
    18.1

    18.8
    39.4
    40.6
    29.5
    9.0
    8.0
    8.0
    18.5

    18.8
    38.9
    41.2
    30.8
    10.2
    8.5
    8.1
    18.8

    19.1
    38.2
    41.8
    31.9
    10.7
    8.0
    8.0
    19.3

    19.6
    37.5
    42.2
    33.1
    11.3
    8.9
    7.9
    19.6

    20.2
    36.9
    42.5
    34.4
    11.8
    9.0
    7.0
    19.8

    20.7
    36.5
    42.5
    35.8
    12.2
    9.4
    7.9
    20.1

    21.2
    36.3
    42.2
    36.9
    13.0
    9.0
    8.0
    20.3

    21.6
    36.2
    41.8
    37.7
    13.9
    10.3
    8.1
    20.4

    Workers reported with


    Taxable earnings 2 .......................... Million
    Maximum earning 2 ......................... Million

    113
    10

    120
    8

    134
    8

    134
    8

    136
    8

    138
    8

    141
    8

    143
    9

    146
    9

    149
    9

    151
    9

    154
    10

    154
    9

    153
    8

    Bil. dol.
    Bil. dol.
    Percent

    1 329
    1 178
    88.6

    1 942
    1 725
    88.8

    2 704
    2 359
    87.2

    2 916
    2 533
    86.8

    3 023
    2 636
    87.2

    3 169
    2 785
    87.9

    3 359
    2 920
    86.9

    3 566
    3 074
    86.2

    3 847
    3 285
    85.4

    4 143
    3 522
    85.0

    4 448
    3 750
    84.3

    4 784
    3 987
    83.4

    4 874
    4 143
    85.0

    4 950
    4 227
    85.4

    Dollars
    Dollars

    11 761
    10 430

    16 125
    14 326

    20 227
    17 642

    21 776
    18 911

    22 205
    19 364

    22 929
    20 152

    23 818
    20 703

    24 869
    21 432

    26 324
    22 483

    27 814
    23 644

    29 402
    24 784

    31 159
    25 972

    31 702
    26 945

    32 396
    27 665

    Annual maximum taxable earnings 3 ... Dollars

    Under 25 years old ..........................


    25 to 34 years old ............................
    35 to 44 years old ............................
    45 to 54 years old ............................
    55 to 59 years old ............................
    60 to 64 years old ............................
    65 to 69 years old ............................
    70 years old and over ......................

    Earnings in covered employment 2 ......


    Reported taxable 2 ...........................
    Percent of total ............................
    Average per worker
    Total earnings 2 ...........................
    Taxable earnings 2 ......................

    25 900

    39 600

    51 300

    55 500

    57 600

    60 600

    61 200

    62 700

    65 400

    68 400

    72 600

    76 200

    80 400

    84 900

    Contribution rates for OASDHI: 4


    Each employer and employee ......... Percent
    Self-employed 5 ............................... Percent

    6.1
    8.1

    7.0
    14.1

    7.6
    15.3

    7.6
    15.3

    7.6
    15.3

    7.6
    15.3

    7.6
    15.3

    7.6
    15.3

    7.6
    15.3

    7.6
    15.3

    7.6
    15.3

    7.6
    15.3

    7.6
    15.3

    7.6
    15.3

    SMI, monthly premium 6 ...................... Dollars

    9.6

    15.5

    28.6

    31.8

    36.6

    41.1

    46.1

    42.5

    43.8

    43.8

    45.5

    45.5

    50.0

    54.0

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Estimated number fully insured for retirement and/or survivor benefits as of end of year.
    2Includes self-employment.
    3Beginning 1994 upper limit on earnings subject to HI taxes was repealed.
    4As of January 1, 2002, each employee and employer pays 7.65 percent and the self-employed pay 15.3 percent.
    5Self-employed pays 11.8 percent in 1985. The additional amount is supplied from general revenues. Beginning 1990,

    income tax purposes and for computing self-employment income subject to social security tax.
    as of July 1; beginning 1985, as of January 1. As of January 1, 2002, the monthly premium is $54.00.

    61980,

    self-employed pays 15.3 percent, and half of the tax is deductible for

    SECTION 11: SOCIAL WELFARE

    183

    Table 11-3. Social Security Trust Funds, 19902002


    (Billions of dollars.)
    Type of trust fund

    1990

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    Old-age and survivors insurance (OASI):


    Net contribution income 1 ...............................
    Interest received 2 ..........................................
    Benefit payments 3 .........................................
    Assets, end of year ........................................

    272.4
    16.4
    223.0
    214.2

    310.1
    32.8
    291.6
    458.5

    328.0
    35.7
    302.9
    514.0

    357.4
    39.8
    316.3
    589.1

    380.4
    44.5
    326.8
    681.6

    407.3
    49.8
    334.4
    798.8

    433.0
    57.5
    352.7
    931.0

    453.4
    64.7
    372.3
    1 071.5

    468.1
    71.2
    388.1
    1 217.5

    Disability insurance (DI):


    Net contribution income 1 ...............................
    Interest received 2 ..........................................
    Benefit payments 3 .........................................
    Assets, end of year ........................................

    28.7
    0.9
    24.8
    11.1

    54.7
    2.2
    40.9
    37.6

    57.7
    3.0
    44.2
    52.9

    56.5
    4.0
    45.7
    66.4

    59.5
    4.8
    48.2
    80.8

    63.9
    5.7
    51.4
    97.3

    71.8
    6.9
    55.0
    118.5

    75.7
    8.2
    59.6
    141.0

    78.2
    9.2
    65.7
    160.5

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes

    deposits by states and deductions for refund of estimated employee-tax overpayment. Beginning in 1990, includes government contributions on deemed wage credits for military service
    in 1957 and later. Includes taxation of benefits beginning in 1990.

    2In 1990, includes interest on advance tax transfers. Beginning 1990, includes interest on reimbursement for unnegotiated checks.
    3Includes payments for vocational rehabilitation services furnished to disabled persons receiving benefits because of their disabilities.

    Beginning in 1990, amounts reflect deductions for

    unnegotiated benefit checks.

    Table 11-4. Federal Food Programs, 19902002


    (Number in millions, millions of dollars, dollars; for years ending Sept. 30; program data include Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American
    Samoa, Northern Marianas, and the former Trust Territory when a federal food program was operated in these areas; participation data are
    average monthly figures except as noted; participants are not reported for the commodity distribution programs; cost data are direct federal
    benefits to recipients, and exclude federal administrative payments and applicable state and local contributions; federal costs for commodities and
    cash-in-lieu of commodities are shown separately from direct cash benefits for those programs receiving both.)
    Program

    Unit

    1990

    1995

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    Food stamp
    Participants ............................................................. Million
    Federal cost ............................................................ Million dollars
    Monthly average coupon value per recipient .......... Dollars

    20.1
    14 187
    58.92

    26.6
    22 765
    71.26

    22.9
    19 550
    71.27

    19.8
    16 889
    71.12

    18.2
    15 755
    72.21

    17.2
    14 985
    72.78

    17.3
    15 547
    74.83

    19.1
    18 243
    79.60

    Nutrition assistance program for Puerto Rico


    Federal cost ............................................................ Million dollars

    937

    1 131

    1 174

    1 204

    1 236

    1 268

    1 296

    1 351

    Million
    Million
    Million
    Million dollars

    1 662
    273
    24.1
    3 214

    2 090
    309
    25.7
    4 466

    2 194
    347
    26.3
    4 934

    2 198
    362
    26.6
    5 102

    2 207
    392
    26.9
    5 314

    2 205
    409
    27.2
    5 493

    2 182
    425
    27.5
    5 612

    2 278
    441
    28.0
    6 051

    School breakfast (SB)


    Children participating 1 ............................................ Million
    Federal cost ............................................................ Million dollars

    4.1
    596

    6.3
    1 049

    6.9
    1 214

    7.1
    1 272

    7.4
    1 345

    7.6
    1 393

    7.8
    1 450

    8.1
    1 566

    Special supplemental food program (WIC) 2


    Participants ............................................................. Million
    Federal cost ............................................................ Million dollars

    4.5
    1 637

    6.9
    2 517

    7.4
    2 815

    7.4
    2 808

    7.3
    2 853

    7.2
    2 852

    7.3
    3 008

    7.5
    3 132

    Child and adult care (CAC) 3


    Participants 4 ........................................................... Million
    Federal cost ............................................................ Million dollars

    1.5
    720

    2.4
    1 296

    2.5
    1 393

    2.6
    1 372

    2.7
    1 438

    2.7
    1 501

    2.7
    1 548

    2.9
    1 658

    Federal cost of commodities donated to 5


    Child nutrition (NSLP, CC, SF 6, and SB) 7 ............. Million dollars
    Emergency feeding 8 .............................................. Million dollars

    646
    286

    733
    100

    661
    152

    774
    190

    754
    234

    704
    182

    917
    333

    864
    382

    National school lunch program (NSLP)


    Free lunches served ...............................................
    Reduced-price lunches served ...............................
    Children participating ..............................................
    Federal cost ............................................................

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Average

    monthly participation (excluding summer months of June through August). Includes children in public and private elementary and secondary schools and in residential child care
    institutes.

    2WIC serves pregnant and postpartum women, infants, and children up to age 5.
    3Program provides year-round subsidies to feed preschool children in child care centers

    and family day care homes. Certain care centers serving disabled or elderly adults also receive meal

    subsidies.
    4Average quarterly daily attendance at participating institutions.
    5Includes the federal cost of commodity entitlements, cash-in-lieu of commodities, and bonus foods.
    6Summer Feeding (SF) program provides free meals to children in poor areas during summer months.
    7Includes the value of commodities provided through the national school lunch, school breakfast, child and adult care food, and summer food service programs.
    8Provides free commodities to needy persons for home consumption through food banks, hunger centers, soup kitchens, and similar nonprofit agencies. Includes

    program, the commodity purchases for soup kitchens/food banks program, and commodity disaster relief.

    the emergency food assistance

    184

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 11-5. Private Pension PlansSummary, by Type of Plan, 19801998


    (Number in millions, except as noted; billions of dollars.)
    Total
    Item

    Defined contribution plan

    Defined benefit plan

    Unit
    1980

    Number of plans 1 ...............


    Total participants 2,3 ............
    Active participants 2,4 ......
    Contributions 5 ....................
    Benefits 6 .............................

    Thous.
    Million
    Million
    Bil. dol.
    Bil. dol.

    488.9
    57.9
    49.0
    66.2
    35.3

    1985
    632.1
    74.7
    62.3
    95.1
    101.9

    1990
    712.3
    76.9
    61.8
    98.8
    129.4

    1995
    693.4
    87.5
    66.2
    158.8
    183.0

    1998
    730.0
    99.5
    73.3
    201.9
    273.1

    1980
    340.8
    19.9
    18.9
    23.5
    13.1

    1985
    462.0
    35.0
    33.2
    53.1
    47.4

    1990
    599.2
    38.1
    35.5
    75.8
    63.0

    1995

    1998

    623.9
    47.7
    42.7
    117.4
    97.9

    1980

    673.6
    57.9
    50.3
    166.9
    161.9

    1985

    148.1
    38.0
    30.1
    42.6
    22.1

    170.2
    39.7
    29.0
    42.0
    54.5

    1990
    113.1
    38.8
    26.3
    23.0
    66.4

    1995
    69.5
    39.7
    23.5
    41.4
    85.1

    1998
    56.4
    41.6
    23.0
    35.0
    111.2

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    Note: "Pension plan" is defined by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) as "any plan, fund, or program which was heretofore or is hereafter established or maintained by an
    employer or an employee organization, or by both, to the extent that such plan (a) provides retirement income to employees, or (b) results in a deferral of income by employees for periods
    extending to the termination of covered employment or beyond, regardless of the method of calculating the contributions made to the plan, the method of calculating the benefits under the
    plan, or the method of distributing benefits from the plan." A defined benefit plan provides a definite benefit formula for calculating benefit amountssuch as a flat amount per year of
    service or a percentage of salary times years of service. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan in which the contributions are made to an individual account for each employee. The
    retirement benefit is dependent upon the account balance at retirement. The balance depends upon amounts contributed, investment experience, and in the case of profit sharing plans,
    amounts which may be allocated to the account due to forfeitures by terminating employees. Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOP) and 401(k) plans are included among defined
    contribution plans. Data are based on Form 5500 series reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service.
    1Excludes all plans covering only one participant.
    2Includes double counting of workers in more than one plan.
    3Total participants include active participants, vested separated workers, and retirees.
    4Any workers currently in employment covered by a plan and who are earning or retaining

    credited service under a plan. Includes any nonvested former employees who have not yet incurred

    breaks in service.
    5Includes both employer and employee contributions.
    6Benefits paid directly from trust and premium payments

    made from plan to insurance carriers. Excludes benefits paid directly by insurance carriers.

    Table 11-6. State Unemployment InsuranceSummary, 19802002


    (Number in thousands, except as noted; percent; dollars; includes unemployment compensation for state and local government employees where
    covered by state law.)
    Item

    Unit

    1980

    1985

    1990

    1991

    1992

    1993

    1994

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    Insured unemployment avg. weekly ...... Thous.


    Percent of covered employment 1 ..... Percent
    Percent of civilian unemployed .......... Percent

    3 356
    3.9
    43.9

    2 617
    2.9
    31.5

    2 522
    2.4
    35.8

    3 342
    3.1
    38.7

    3 245
    3.1
    33.8

    2 751
    2.6
    30.8

    2 670
    2.5
    33.4

    2 572
    2.3
    34.7

    2 596
    2.3
    35.9

    2 323
    2.0
    34.5

    2 222
    1.9
    35.8

    2 188
    1.8
    38.0

    2 110
    1.7
    38.0

    2 974
    2.3
    45.0

    3 585
    ...
    44.0

    Unemployment benefits avg. weekly ..... Dollars


    Percent of weekly wage .................... Percent

    100
    36.6

    128
    35.3

    162
    36.0

    170
    36.4

    174
    35.4

    180
    36.0

    182
    35.7

    187
    35.5

    189
    34.5

    193
    33.5

    200
    32.9

    212
    33.1

    221
    32.9

    238
    34.6

    257
    ...

    Weeks compensated .............................


    Beneficiaries first payments ..................
    Average duration of benefits 2 ...............
    Claimants exhausting benefits ..............
    Percent of first payment 3 ..................

    Million
    Thous.
    Weeks
    Thous.
    Percent

    149.0
    9 992
    14.9
    3 072
    33.2

    119.3
    8 372
    14.2
    2 572
    31.2

    116.0
    8 629
    13.4
    2 323
    29.4

    155.1
    10 075
    15.4
    3 472
    34.8

    150.2
    9 243
    16.2
    3 838
    39.9

    125.6
    7 884
    15.9
    3 204
    39.2

    123.4
    7 959
    15.5
    2 977
    36.3

    118.3
    8 035
    14.7
    2 662
    34.3

    119.0
    7 995
    14.9
    2 739
    33.4

    106.6
    7 325
    14.6
    2 485
    32.8

    101.4
    7 332
    13.8
    2 266
    31.8

    100.6
    6 951
    14.5
    2 300
    31.4

    96.0
    7 033
    13.7
    2 144
    31.8

    136.3
    9 877
    13.8
    2 827
    34.1

    166.3
    10 088
    16.5
    4 416
    42.5

    Contributions collected 4 .......................


    Benefits paid ..........................................
    Funds available for benefits 5 ................
    Average employer contribution rate 6 ....

    Bil. dol.
    Bil. dol.
    Bil. dol.
    Percent

    11.4
    14.2
    6.6
    2.4

    19.3
    14.7
    10.1
    3.1

    15.2
    18.0
    37.9
    2.0

    14.5
    25.5
    30.5
    1.9

    17.0
    25.1
    25.8
    2.2

    19.8
    21.8
    28.0
    2.5

    21.8
    21.5
    31.3
    2.6

    22.0
    21.2
    35.4
    2.4

    21.6
    21.8
    38.6
    2.3

    21.2
    19.7
    43.8
    2.1

    19.8
    19.4
    48.0
    1.9

    19.2
    20.3
    50.3
    1.8

    19.9
    20.5
    54.1
    1.8

    19.7
    31.6
    46.6
    1.7

    19.7
    42.0
    35.7
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Insured unemployment as percent of average covered employment in preceding year.
    2Weeks compensated divided by first payment.
    3Based on first payments for 12-month period ending June 30.
    4Contributions from employers; also employees in states which tax workers.
    5End of year. Sum of balances in state clearing accounts, benefit-payment accounts, and
    6As percent of taxable wages.

    . . . = Not available.

    state accounts in federal unemployment trust funds.

    SECTION

    12

    EDUCATION AND LEARNING

    186

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 12

    EDUCATION AND
    LEARNING
    Highlights
    College Enrollment by Sex, 1960 and 2001
    18
    15.9
    15
    Total
    Male
    Female

    Millions

    12

    9.0

    9
    6.9
    6
    3.6
    3

    2.3
    1.2

    0
    1960

    2001

    Year

    Educational statistics have been collected and


    issued by the Office of Education from 1870 to 1953, by
    the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
    from 1953 to 1979, and by the Department of Education
    from 1979 to the present. From 1870 to 1917, these statistics were included in the Annual Report of the United
    States Commissioner of Education and from 1918 to
    1958 in the Biennial Survey of Education. Since 1962,
    the National Center for Educational Statistics has published summary data on education in two annual publications: Digest of Educational Statistics and Condition
    of Education. Two problems that arise in the study of
    educational statistics are inconsistencies in the definitions of terms and procedures and a lack of timeliness.
    School authorities are not compelled by law to report to
    the Department of Education, but the vast majority of them

    do so voluntarily. Nonpublic schools under the operational control of private individuals and groups have
    reported their data in a slightly different format over
    the years, making this data incomparable with public
    school data. Enrollment information is collected on a
    state-by-state basis and represents a cumulative count
    of the total number of students registered at any time
    during the school year in each state. Students enrolled
    in more than one state in a school year are counted
    more than once, resulting in inflated totals.

    The first school in the United States was established by the Dutch West India Company on Manhattan
    Island in 1633, with Adam Roelantsen as its first master.
    In 1783, the schools name was changed to Collegiate

    SECTION 12: EDUCATION AND LEARNING

    School. The first school committee or board was elected


    in Dorchester, Massachusetts, in 1645. The first school
    to operate on a one class to one room basis was set up
    in Quincy, Massachusetts, in 1846. The first school
    superintendent, Roswell William Haskins, was appointed in 1836 in Buffalo, New York. The Compulsory
    School Law, the first piece of educational legislation,
    was passed on June 14, 1642, by Massachusetts.
    According to the records of the Governor and
    Company of Massachusetts Bay, the legislation stated
    that This Court, taking into consideration the great
    neglect of many parents and masters in training up their
    children in learning and labor and other employments
    which may be profitable to the Commonwealth, so
    hereupon order and decree that in every town the chosen men appointed for managing the prudential affairs
    of the same shall henceforth stand charged with the
    care of the redress of this evil. On November 11, 1647,
    Massachusetts ordered that every town in this jurisdiction, after the Lord has increased them to the number
    of 50 householders, shall then forthwith appoint one
    within their town to teach all such children as shall
    resort to him to write and read, whose wages shall be
    paid either by the parents or masters of such children,
    or by the inhabitants in general. In 1852, the governor
    of Massachusetts ordered that children between the
    ages of 8 and 14 must attend school for 12 weeks in the
    year, six of which must be consecutive.
    The first public school tax was an act providing for the
    establishment of free schools, enacted January 15, 1825
    by the state of Illinois. The tax was levied at the rate of
    2 percent. The first schoolbook was the New England
    Primer (16891690) printed by R. Pierce and sold by
    Benjamin Harris at the London Coffee House in
    Boston. Middlesex County Association for the
    Improvement of Common Schools was the first local
    education association organized in Middlesex,
    Connecticut, in May 1799. The first national education
    association, the American Institute of Instruction, was
    founded in Boston in 1830. The oldest educational magazine, the Juvenile Mirror, first appeared in New York
    City in 1811.

    The Department of Education was founded by the


    Act of Congress on March 2, 1867, as an agency for the
    purpose of collecting such statistics and facts as shall
    show the condition and progress of education in the
    several states and territories, and of diffusing such information respecting the organization and management of
    school systems and methods of teaching as shall aid the
    people of the United States in the establishment and
    maintenance of efficient school systems and otherwise
    promote the cause of education. The first commissioner was Henry Barnard. The Act of July 28, 1868 abolished the Department of Education and created in its
    stead the Office of Education in the Department of
    Interior.

    187

    The first college in the United States was Harvard


    College, founded in 1636. The first commencement, held
    in 1642, was presided over by Henry Dunster, the colleges first president, who served from 1640 to 1654.
    Georgetown College, the first Catholic college, was
    established in Washington, D.C. in 1791. The first city
    college, the College of Charleston in Charleston, South
    Carolina, was founded in 1770, chartered in 1785, and
    opened in 1790. Oberlin Collegiate Institute, the first
    coeducational college, opened in 1833. The first college
    to receive a royal charter was the Royal College of
    William and Mary in 1693. The first college for women
    was Mount Holyoke Seminary in South Hadley,
    Massachusetts, founded in 1837. The Cooper Union in
    New York City was the first college to prohibit discrimination on account of race, religion, or color in 1851. The
    first state university was the University of Georgia in
    Athens, Georgia, chartered in 1785 and opened in 1801.
    Lincoln University, the first Black university, was chartered in 1854 as Ashmun Institute in Chester County,
    Pennsylvania. The first educational institution legally
    designated as a university was the University of the
    State of Pennsylvania in 1791, known now as the
    University of Pennsylvania. The first university founded
    by a federal land grant was Ohio University in Athens,
    Ohio, chartered in 1804 and opened in 1808. The first
    college alumni association was the Society of Alumni of
    Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, founded
    in 1821. Yale University awarded the first doctorates in
    1861 to Eugene Schuyler, James Morris Whiton, and
    Arthur Williams Wright.

    In 2000, there are 68.479 million pupils enrolled at


    all levels of education, of which 58.976 million (86.1
    percent) are enrolled in public schools; 47.223 million
    pupils are enrolled in public schools K through 12; 5.944
    million in private schools K through 12; 11.7 million in
    public colleges; and 3.56 in private colleges. Total enrollment in schools and colleges is expected to reach 71.36
    million in 2012. Between 1975 and 1980, total school
    and college enrollment dropped from 61 million to 58.3
    million, but then picked up again in the 1990s and into
    2000.

    Education ranks among the largest expenditure


    items in national and state budgets. In 2002, elementary
    and secondary education cost $454.1 billion, and college
    and university education cost $291.9 billion, for a total
    of $746.0 billion, compared with $131.342 billion in
    1960.

    The number of high school graduates rose only


    marginally in the 1990s from 2.5 million in 1990 to 2.6
    million in 2002.

    188

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Higher education had a healthy growth rate


    through 2000. Of the total enrollment of 15.3 million in
    2000, males made up 6.722 million (43.9 percent) and
    females 8.591 million (56.1 percent). Females were in
    minority in higher education until 1980. In 1960 male
    enrollment was 2.3 million compared with female
    enrollment of 1.2 million. Female majority status in college enrollment began in the 1980s and has continued
    ever since. Male enrollment actually dropped between
    1990 and 1997. Of total enrollment, 11.753 million (76.7
    percent) are enrolled in public institutions and 3.560
    million (23.2 percent) in private institutions; 13.155 million are in undergraduate programs, 1.85 million in
    graduate programs, and 307,000 in first-time professional programs.

    9 In terms of college graduates in 2002, Asians have


    the highest level with 47.2 percent, followed by Whites
    with 27.2 percent, Blacks with 17.0 percent, and
    Hispanics with 11.1 percent.

    10
    Blacks have made dramatic gains in education
    as a result of federal programs. In 1950, only 12.9 percent of Blacks over 25 were high school graduates and
    only 2.1 percent held college degrees. By 2002, the relative numbers increased to 78.7 percent and 17.0 percent.

    11
    Southern states are much less successful in the
    educational attainment of their citizens than Northern
    states. In terms of the percentage of persons with high
    school diplomas in 2002, Texas is at the bottom with
    78.1 percent. Other Southern states with less than the
    national average of 84.1 percent are Alabama,
    Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, South
    Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and West Virginia. The states
    leading in educational attainment at the high school
    level are Alaska (90.6 percent) and Wyoming (90 percent). The states that have the highest percentage of
    people with bachelors degrees or more are Maryland
    (37.6 percent), Colorado (35.7 percent), Massachusetts
    (34.3 percent) Virginia (34.6 percent), Connecticut (32.6
    percent), New Jersey (31.4 percent), and Minnesota
    (30.5 percent),

    12
    In 2000, 1,946,400 nonfatal crimes against students were reported. Of these, 128,400 were considered
    serious. These include, rape, sexual assault, robbery, and
    aggravated assault.

    13
    Preprimary school enrollment in 2001 was
    11.653 million, of which 4.250 million were in nursery
    schools and 3.191 million in kindergarten. Black enrollment rate is higher than that of Whites at this level

    (69.2 percent vs. 63.2 percent). Only slightly more children are enrolled in public nursery schools than private
    ones (2.126 million vs. 2.124 million). However, many
    more children are enrolled in public kindergartens than
    private ones (2,690,000 vs. 501,000).

    14
    The average salary of a classroom teacher has
    risen from $15,970 in 1980 to $44,700 in 2002. Teacher
    salaries are highest in California ($54,300), Connecticut
    ($53,600), New Jersey ($53,200), and New York
    ($52,000). They are lowest in South Dakota ($31,300),
    North Dakota ($32,300), Mississippi ($33,300), and
    Louisiana ($36,300).

    15
    One of the determinants of the quality of education is the student-teacher ratio. This ratio has always
    been higher in private schools at all levels, but the federal government is now engaged in an effort to reduce
    overcrowding in public schools and to appoint more
    teachers. Since 1960, the student-teacher ratio has
    improved in public elementary school from 28.4 to 15.9
    in 2000.

    16
    Schools are among the largest users of computers in the United States. During the 20022003 school
    year, there were 13.2 million computers in schools or 4.1
    students per computer, and 73.9 percent of schools have
    high-speed Internet access.

    17
    Catholic school systems in the United States
    have been downsizing since the 1960s. In
    19992000, there were 6,707 Catholic elementary
    schools enrolling 1,815,000 students and 1,114 Catholic
    secondary schools enrolling 608,000 students, compared
    with 10,133 elementary schools enrolling 3,860,000 students and 1,227 secondary schools enrolling 636,000 students in 1967.

    18

    Average Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT)


    scores have been declining. In 1967, average SAT scores
    were 543 for verbal (540 for males and 545 for females)
    and 516 for math (535 for males and 495 for females).
    The relative scores in 2002 were 504 for verbal (507 for
    males and 502 for females) and 516 for math (534 for
    males and 500 for females). Only 21.2 percent scored
    600 or above in verbal and 25.3 percent in math, while
    15.8 percent scored below 400 in verbal and 14.7 percent in math.

    19

    Average American College Testing (ACT)


    scores inched higher from 19.9 in 1967 to 20.8 in 2002,
    but males did better than females (20.9 for males vs.
    20.7 for females). Males did better in math and science
    reasoning while females did better in English and reading.

    SECTION 12: EDUCATION AND LEARNING

    189

    20
    Spanish and French are the most popular foreign languages in schools, preferred by 68 percent and

    28
    Voluntary financial support for higher education rose to $23.9 billion annually in 2002 from $1.7 bil-

    18 percent respectively. German is a distant third at 4.8


    percent.

    lion in 1970. The increase includes $17.2 billion from


    individuals and alumnae, $4.37 billion from business
    corporations, and $6.3 billion from foundations.

    21
    Hispanic students lead in the proportion of status dropouts, that is, the percentage of the population
    who have not completed high school and are not
    enrolled. While the White dropout rate was 13.4 in 2001
    (15.3 percent for males and 11.4 percent for females),
    and the Black dropout rate was 13.8 percent (16.9 percent for males and 11.0 percent for females), the
    Hispanic rate was 31.7 percent (37.1 percent for males
    and 25.5 percent for females).

    22
    More high school graduates enroll in higher
    education institutions compared with 1975. In 2001, 61.7
    percent of high school graduates went on to college
    (59.7 percent male, 63.6 percent female, 64.2 percent
    White, and 54.6 percent Black), compared with 50.7 percent of high school graduates in 1975 (52.6 percent
    males, 49.0 percent Black females, 51.1 percent White,
    and 41.7 percent Black).

    23
    In 2002, 583,000 foreign (nonimmigrant) students were enrolled in U.S. colleges and universities. Of
    these, 38,000 were from Africa, 363,000 from Asia,
    82,000 from Europe, and 68,000 from Latin America. Of
    the large number of Asian, 67,000 came from India,
    49,000 from South Korea, 47,000 from Japan, and 29,000
    from China. Engineering, science, and business remain
    popular majors for foreign students.

    24
    Of the 4,182 institutions of higher education in
    the United States in 2000, 2,450 were four-year institu-

    29
    In 1998, the 12 most popular languages on campuses were Spanish (656,600), French (199,100),
    German (89,000), Italian (49,300), Japanese (43,100),
    Russian (23,800), Latin (26,100), Chinese (28,500),
    Greek (16,400), Hebrew (15,800), Portuguese (6,900),
    and Arabic (5,500).

    30
    Of college freshmen in 2001, 44 percent were A
    to A+ students in high school, 49.5 percent B to B+ students, and 6.2 C to C+ students. By political orientation,
    26.9 percent were liberal, 49.5 percent middle of the
    road, and 19.1 percent conservative.

    31
    In 2001, 2.416 million students earned degrees
    from colleges and universities. Of that total, 42.4 percent were male (compared with 65.8 percent male in
    1960). More women than men received associates,
    bachelors, and masters degrees, but men earned more
    first professional doctoral degrees.

    32
    The most popular fields of study in 2001, at the
    baccalaureate level were business and management
    (21.3 percent), social sciences (10.3 percent), education
    (8.4 percent), health sciences and psychology both at
    (5.9 percent). At the masters level, the most popular
    fields of study are education (27.5 percent), business
    management (24.8 percent), health sciences (9.3 percent), engineering (5.8 percent) and public administration (5.4 percent).

    tions and 1,732 two-year institutions.

    25 With 1983 = 100, the Higher Education Price


    Index increased from 39.5 in 1970 to 206.4 in 2001.
    During the same time period, the personnel compensation component of the price index grew from 42.1 to
    218.1, and the services, supplies, and equipment component from 31.9 to 171.5. The highest jump was in library
    acquisitions, which grew from 25.7 to 317.4.

    26
    Federal financial assistance for college and university students in the form of loans and grants totaled
    $55.296 billion in 2002.

    27
    Charges in 2002, including tuition, room, and
    board, were $8,045 (compared with $3,408 in 1985) in
    public institutions and $22,521 in private institutions
    (compared with $8,203 in 1985).

    33
    In 2001, 15,403 medical degrees (43.3 percent
    female) were conferred by medical schools, 4,391 dental
    degrees (38.6 percent female) by dental schools, 37,904
    law degrees (47.3 percent female) by law schools, and
    5,026 theological degrees (32.0 percent female) by seminaries.

    34
    Nonresident aliens earned 24.4 percent of all
    doctoral degrees and 13.1 percent of all masters
    degrees. Their doctoral share is highest in engineering,
    mathematics, and computer and information science.

    190

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 12-1. School Enrollment, 19652012


    (Number in thousands, as of fall.)
    All levels
    Year

    K through grade 8

    College 1

    Grades 9 through 12

    Total
    Public

    Private

    Public

    Private

    Public

    Private

    Public

    Private

    2012, proj. .............................................


    2011, proj. .............................................

    71 365
    70 956

    61 252
    60 937

    10 113
    10 020

    33 578
    33 389

    4 680
    4 649

    14 137
    14 197

    1 297
    1 303

    13 537
    13 351

    4 136
    4 068

    2010, proj.
    2009, proj.
    2008, proj.
    2007, proj.
    2006, proj.
    2005, proj.
    2004, proj.
    2003, proj.
    2002, proj.
    2001, proj.

    .............................................
    .............................................
    .............................................
    .............................................
    .............................................
    .............................................
    .............................................
    .............................................
    .............................................
    .............................................

    70 683
    70 516
    70 390
    70 292
    70 183
    70 001
    69 747
    69 456
    69 174
    68 962

    60 740
    60 630
    60 560
    60 511
    60 441
    60 300
    60 093
    59 847
    59 599
    59 440

    9 945
    9 886
    9 829
    9 782
    9 743
    9 700
    9 653
    9 609
    9 575
    9 522

    33 244
    33 122
    33 069
    33 078
    33 174
    33 315
    33 500
    33 677
    33 756
    33 854

    4 625
    4 604
    4 592
    4 588
    4 592
    4 603
    4 620
    4 644
    4 660
    4 668

    14 317
    14 485
    14 649
    14 768
    14 739
    14 597
    14 346
    14 069
    13 857
    13 722

    1 313
    1 327
    1 341
    1 355
    1 358
    1 351
    1 334
    1 310
    1 292
    1 276

    13 179
    13 023
    12 842
    12 665
    12 528
    12 388
    12 247
    12 101
    11 986
    11 864

    4 007
    3 955
    3 896
    3 839
    3 793
    3 746
    3 699
    3 655
    3 622
    3 578

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    68 479
    67 666
    66 983
    66 470
    65 743
    64 764
    63 888
    63 118
    62 633
    61 681

    58 976
    58 167
    57 676
    57 323
    56 732
    55 933
    55 245
    54 654
    54 208
    53 357

    9 504
    9 500
    9 306
    9 147
    9 011
    8 831
    8 643
    8 464
    8 425
    8 324

    33 709
    33 488
    33 346
    33 073
    32 764
    32 341
    31 898
    31 504
    31 088
    30 506

    4 678
    4 765
    4 702
    4 623
    4 551
    4 465
    4 335
    4 215
    4 175
    4 113

    13 514
    13 369
    13 193
    13 054
    12 847
    12 500
    12 213
    11 961
    11 735
    11 541

    1 266
    1 254
    1 235
    1 218
    1 213
    1 197
    1 163
    1 132
    1 147
    1 162

    11 753
    11 309
    11 138
    11 196
    11 120
    11 092
    11 134
    11 189
    11 385
    11 310

    3 560
    3 482
    3 369
    3 306
    3 247
    3 169
    3 145
    3 116
    3 103
    3 049

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    60 269
    59 279
    58 485
    58 253
    57 709
    57 226
    57 150
    57 432
    57 591
    57 916

    52 061
    51 120
    50 349
    49 982
    49 467
    48 901
    48 686
    48 935
    49 262
    49 691

    8 208
    8 159
    8 136
    8 272
    8 242
    8 325
    8 465
    8 497
    8 330
    8 225

    29 878
    29 152
    28 501
    27 933
    27 420
    27 034
    26 905
    26 981
    27 161
    27 280

    4 084
    4 035
    4 036
    4 232
    4 116
    4 195
    4 300
    4 315
    4 200
    4 100

    11 338
    11 390
    11 687
    12 076
    12 333
    12 388
    12 304
    12 271
    12 405
    12 764

    1 150
    1 163
    1 206
    1 247
    1 336
    1 362
    1 400
    1 400
    1 400
    1 400

    10 845
    10 578
    10 161
    9 973
    9 714
    9 479
    9 477
    9 683
    9 696
    9 647

    2 974
    2 961
    2 894
    2 793
    2 790
    2 768
    2 765
    2 782
    2 730
    2 725

    1980 ......................................................
    1975 ......................................................

    58 305
    61 004

    50 335
    53 654

    7 971
    7 350

    27 647
    30 515

    3 992
    3 700

    13 231
    14 304

    1 339
    1 300

    9 457
    8 835

    2 640
    2 350

    1970 ......................................................
    1965 ......................................................

    59 838
    54 394

    52 322
    46 143

    7 516
    8 251

    32 558
    30 563

    4 052
    4 900

    13 336
    11 610

    1 311
    1 400

    6 428
    3 970

    2 153
    1 951

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Data

    beginning 1996 based on new classification system. This classification includes some additional, primarily 2-year, colleges than before and excludes a few institutions that did not award
    degrees. Includes institutions that were eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

    SECTION 12: EDUCATION AND LEARNING

    191

    Table 12-2. School Expenditures by Type of Control and Level of Instruction in Constant (20012002)
    Dollars, 19602002
    (Billions of dollars, for school years ending in year shown.)
    Colleges and universities 1

    Elementary and secondary schools


    Year

    Total
    Total

    Private 2

    Public

    Total

    Public

    Private

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    745.2
    725.4

    454.1
    436.6

    422.1
    405.6

    32.0
    31.0

    291.1
    288.8

    182.5
    181.7

    108.6
    107.2

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    714.1
    686.1
    658.3
    631.2
    610.8
    597.0
    581.6
    570.2
    558.3
    549.1

    433.1
    415.9
    398.2
    380.3
    367.0
    358.3
    350.4
    343.0
    336.8
    331.2

    401.8
    385.4
    368.3
    351.2
    338.7
    330.5
    323.3
    316.2
    310.8
    305.3

    31.3
    30.5
    29.9
    29.2
    28.4
    27.7
    27.1
    26.8
    26.0
    25.9

    281.0
    270.2
    260.2
    250.9
    243.8
    238.8
    231.2
    227.2
    221.4
    217.8

    176.5
    168.2
    162.0
    156.6
    153.1
    151.2
    145.7
    144.0
    140.1
    139.0

    104.5
    102.0
    98.2
    94.3
    90.6
    87.6
    85.5
    83.2
    81.3
    78.9

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    535.4
    510.0
    482.0
    467.7
    441.3
    417.2

    324.1
    307.9
    289.2
    280.7
    265.0
    251.7

    298.6
    283.7
    265.7
    257.8
    243.3
    230.8

    25.5
    24.1
    23.5
    22.9
    21.6
    20.9

    211.3
    202.2
    192.9
    187.1
    176.3
    165.5

    135.3
    128.1
    122.8
    119.4
    114.7
    107.3

    76.0
    74.1
    70.0
    67.6
    61.6
    58.2

    1980 ......................................................
    1975 ......................................................

    380.2
    373.9

    236.8
    236.9

    220.3
    223.1

    16.5
    13.8

    143.4
    137.0

    95.1
    92.8

    48.3
    44.2

    1970 ......................................................

    322.9

    203.7

    191.9

    11.8

    119.2

    76.6

    42.7

    1960 ......................................................

    144.7

    101.4

    94.7

    6.7

    43.3

    23.7

    19.7

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    Note: Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary schools include current expenditures, interest on school debt and capital outlay; data deflated by the Consumer Price Index, wage
    earners, and clerical workers through 1975; thereafter, all urban consumers, on a school year basis, as supplied by the National Center for Education Statistics.
    1Data

    beginning 1996 based on new classification system. This classification includes some additional, primarily 2-year, colleges than before and excludes a few institutions that did not award
    degrees. Includes institutions that were eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

    2Estimated.

    Table 12-3. School Enrollment by Sex and Level, 19602001


    (Number in millions; as of October; for the civilian noninstitutional population.)
    All levels 1

    Elementary

    High school

    College

    Year
    Total

    Male

    Female

    Total

    Male

    Female

    Total

    Male

    Female

    Total

    Male

    Female

    2001 ......................................................

    73.1

    36.3

    36.9

    36.9

    19.0

    17.9

    16.1

    8.2

    7.8

    15.9

    6.9

    9.0

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    72.2
    72.4
    72.1
    72.0
    70.3
    69.8
    69.3
    65.4
    64.6
    63.9

    35.8
    36.3
    36.0
    35.9
    35.1
    35.0
    34.6
    32.9
    32.2
    32.1

    36.4
    36.1
    36.1
    36.2
    35.2
    34.8
    34.6
    32.5
    32.3
    31.8

    36.7
    36.7
    36.4
    36.3
    35.5
    35.7
    35.4
    34.8
    34.3
    33.8

    18.9
    18.8
    18.7
    18.7
    18.3
    18.3
    18.2
    17.9
    17.7
    17.3

    17.9
    17.9
    17.7
    17.6
    17.3
    17.4
    17.2
    16.9
    16.6
    16.4

    15.8
    15.9
    15.6
    15.8
    15.3
    15.0
    14.6
    13.6
    13.3
    13.1

    8.1
    8.2
    7.9
    8.0
    7.9
    7.7
    7.4
    7.0
    6.8
    6.8

    7.7
    7.7
    7.6
    7.7
    7.4
    7.3
    7.2
    6.6
    6.5
    6.4

    15.3
    15.2
    15.5
    15.4
    15.2
    14.7
    15.0
    13.9
    14.0
    14.1

    6.7
    7.0
    6.9
    6.8
    6.8
    6.7
    6.8
    6.3
    6.2
    6.4

    8.6
    8.2
    8.6
    8.6
    8.4
    8.0
    8.2
    7.6
    7.8
    7.6

    1990 ......................................................
    1989 ......................................................
    1988 ......................................................
    1987 ......................................................
    1986 2 ....................................................
    1985 ......................................................
    1984 ......................................................
    1983 ......................................................
    1982 ......................................................

    63.0
    61.5
    61.1
    60.6
    60.5
    59.8
    58.9
    59.3
    59.4

    31.5
    30.8
    30.7
    30.7
    30.6
    30.0
    29.9
    30.1
    30.0

    31.5
    30.7
    30.5
    29.9
    30.0
    29.7
    29.0
    29.2
    29.4

    33.2
    32.5
    32.2
    31.6
    31.1
    30.7
    30.3
    30.6
    30.7

    17.1
    16.7
    16.6
    16.3
    16.1
    15.7
    15.6
    15.7
    15.8

    16.0
    15.8
    15.6
    15.3
    15.0
    15.0
    14.7
    14.8
    14.9

    12.8
    12.9
    13.2
    13.8
    14.2
    14.1
    13.9
    14.1
    14.2

    6.5
    6.6
    6.7
    7.0
    7.2
    7.2
    7.1
    7.1
    7.2

    6.4
    6.3
    6.4
    6.8
    7.0
    6.9
    6.8
    7.0
    7.0

    13.6
    13.2
    13.1
    12.7
    12.7
    12.5
    12.3
    12.4
    12.3

    6.2
    6.0
    5.9
    6.0
    6.0
    5.9
    6.0
    6.0
    5.9

    7.4
    7.2
    7.2
    6.7
    6.7
    6.6
    6.3
    6.3
    6.4

    1980 ......................................................
    1975 ......................................................

    58.6
    61.0

    29.6
    31.6

    29.1
    29.4

    30.6
    33.8

    15.8
    17.3

    14.9
    16.5

    14.6
    15.7

    7.3
    8.0

    7.3
    7.7

    11.4
    9.7

    5.4
    5.3

    6.0
    4.4

    1970 ......................................................

    60.4

    31.4

    28.9

    37.1

    19.0

    18.1

    14.7

    7.4

    7.3

    7.4

    4.4

    3.0

    1960 ......................................................

    46.3

    24.2

    22.0

    32.4

    16.7

    15.7

    10.2

    5.2

    5.1

    3.6

    2.3

    1.2

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    Note: For 1960, persons 5 to 34 years old; 19701979, 3 to 34 years old; beginning 1980, 3 years old and over; elementary includes kindergarten and grades 18; high school, grades 912; and
    college, 2-year and 4-year colleges, universities, and graduate and professional schools; data for college represent degree-credit enrollment.
    1Beginning 1970, includes nursery schools, not shown separately.
    2Revised. Data beginning 1986, based on a revised edit and tabulation

    package.

    192

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 12-4. Educational Attainment, by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex, 19402001
    (Percent; until 1960, as of April; for 1970 and after, as of March.)
    All races 1

    Non-Hispanic White

    Hispanic 2

    Non-Hispanic Black

    Year
    Male

    Female

    Male

    Female

    Male

    Female

    Male

    Female

    Completed Four Years or More of High School


    2001 ............................................................................

    84.4

    84.2

    88.6

    88.8

    80.6

    78.6

    55.6

    57.4

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    84.2
    83.5
    82.8
    82.0
    81.9
    81.7

    84.0
    83.4
    82.9
    82.2
    81.6
    81.6

    88.5
    87.7
    87.1
    86.3
    86.1
    86.0

    88.4
    87.7
    87.1
    86.3
    85.9
    85.8

    79.1
    77.2
    75.4
    73.8
    74.6
    73.5

    78.7
    77.5
    77.1
    76.5
    74.6
    74.1

    56.6
    56.0
    55.7
    54.9
    53.0
    52.9

    57.5
    56.3
    55.3
    54.6
    53.3
    53.8

    1990
    1980
    1970
    1960
    1950
    1940

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    77.7
    69.2
    55.0
    39.5
    32.6
    22.7

    77.5
    68.1
    55.4
    42.5
    36.0
    26.3

    81.6
    72.4
    57.2
    41.6
    34.6
    24.2

    81.3
    71.5
    57.7
    44.7
    38.2
    28.1

    65.8
    51.2
    35.4
    20.0
    12.6
    6.9

    66.5
    51.5
    36.6
    23.1
    14.7
    8.4

    50.3
    44.9
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    51.3
    44.2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Completed Four Years or More of College 3


    2001 ............................................................................

    28.0

    24.3

    30.9

    26.5

    15.9

    16.3

    11.1

    11.3

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    27.8
    27.5
    26.5
    26.2
    26.0
    26.0

    23.6
    23.1
    22.4
    21.7
    21.4
    20.2

    30.8
    30.6
    29.3
    29.0
    28.8
    28.9

    25.5
    25.0
    24.1
    23.7
    23.2
    22.2

    16.4
    14.3
    14.0
    12.5
    12.5
    13.7

    16.8
    16.5
    15.5
    14.0
    14.8
    13.0

    10.7
    10.7
    11.1
    10.6
    10.3
    10.1

    10.6
    11.0
    10.9
    10.1
    8.3
    8.4

    1990
    1980
    1970
    1960
    1950
    1940

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    24.4
    20.9
    14.1
    9.7
    7.3
    5.5

    18.4
    13.6
    8.2
    5.8
    5.2
    3.8

    26.7
    22.8
    15.0
    10.3
    7.9
    5.9

    19.8
    14.4
    8.6
    6.0
    5.4
    4.0

    11.9
    7.7
    6.8
    3.5
    2.1
    1.4

    10.8
    8.1
    5.6
    3.6
    2.4
    1.2

    9.8
    9.2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    8.7
    6.2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes other races, not shown separately.
    2Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
    3Beginning 1995, persons who are high school graduates

    and those with a BA degree or higher.

    . . . = Not available.

    Table 12-5. Preprimary School EnrollmentSummary, 19702001


    (Number in thousands, percent; as of October; civilian noninstitutional population; includes public and nonpublic nursery school and kindergarten
    programs; excludes 5 year olds enrolled in elementary school; based on Current Population Survey.)
    Item

    1970

    1975

    1980

    1985

    1990

    1995

    1999

    2000

    2001

    NUMBER OF CHILDREN (thousands)


    Population, 3 to 5 Years Old ....................................

    10 949

    10 183

    9 284

    10 733

    11 207

    12 518

    11 920

    11 858

    Total Enrolled 1 .........................................................

    4 104

    4 954

    4 878

    5 865

    6 659

    7 739

    7 844

    7 592

    11 653
    7 441

    Nursery .......................................................................
    Public ......................................................................
    Private .....................................................................

    1 094
    332
    762

    1 745
    570
    1 174

    1 981
    628
    1 353

    2 477
    846
    1 631

    3 378
    1 202
    2 177

    4 331
    1 950
    2 381

    4 506
    2 209
    2 298

    4 326
    2 146
    2 180

    4 250
    2 126
    2 124

    Kindergarten ...............................................................
    Public ......................................................................
    Private .....................................................................

    3 010
    2 498
    511

    3 211
    2 682
    528

    2 897
    2 438
    459

    3 388
    2 847
    541

    3 281
    2 767
    513

    3 408
    2 799
    608

    3 338
    2 777
    560

    3 266
    2 701
    565

    3 191
    2 690
    501

    White ...........................................................................
    Black ...........................................................................

    3 443
    586

    4 105
    731

    3 994
    725

    4 757
    919

    5 389
    964

    6 144
    1 236

    6 093
    1 264

    5 861
    1 265

    5 677
    1 323

    Hispanic 2 ....................................................................

    ...

    ...

    370

    496

    642

    1 040

    1 189

    1 155

    1 218

    3 years old ..................................................................


    4 years old ..................................................................
    5 years old ..................................................................

    454
    1 007
    2 643

    683
    1 418
    2 852

    857
    1 423
    2 598

    1 035
    1 765
    3 065

    1 205
    2 086
    3 367

    1 489
    2 553
    3 697

    1 505
    2 768
    3 571

    1 540
    2 556
    3 496

    1 504
    2 526
    3 411

    Total Enrolled 1 .........................................................

    37.5

    48.6

    52.5

    54.6

    59.4

    61.8

    65.8

    64.0

    63.9

    White ...........................................................................
    Black ...........................................................................

    37.8
    34.9

    48.6
    48.1

    52.7
    51.8

    54.7
    55.8

    59.7
    57.8

    63.0
    58.9

    65.3
    67.9

    63.2
    68.5

    63.2
    69.2

    ENROLLMENT RATE

    Hispanic 2 ....................................................................

    ...

    ...

    43.3

    43.3

    49.0

    51.1

    53.2

    52.6

    53.9

    3 years old ..................................................................


    4 years old ..................................................................
    5 years old ..................................................................

    12.9
    27.8
    69.3

    21.5
    40.5
    81.3

    27.3
    46.3
    84.7

    28.8
    49.1
    86.5

    32.6
    56.0
    88.8

    35.9
    61.6
    87.5

    39.0
    68.8
    88.5

    39.2
    64.9
    87.6

    38.4
    66.4
    86.7

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes races not shown separately.
    2Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any

    race. The method of identifying Hispanic children was changed in 1980 from allocation based on status of mother to status reported for each child. The
    number of Hispanic children using the new method is larger.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 12: EDUCATION AND LEARNING

    193

    Table 12-6. Public and Private Elementary and Secondary Teachers, Enrollment, and Student/Teacher
    Ratios, 19552001
    (Number in thousands, ratio; as of fall.)
    Elementary and secondary teachers (thousands)

    Elementary and secondary enrollment (thousands)

    Elementary and secondary student/teacher ratio

    Year
    Total

    Public

    Private 1

    Total

    Public

    Private 1

    Total

    Private 1

    Public

    2001 ..............................................

    3 379

    2 988

    390

    53 520

    47 576

    5 944

    15.8

    15.9

    15.2

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    3 343
    3 306
    3 221
    3 134
    3 054
    2 978
    2 926
    2 870
    2 822
    2 787

    2 953
    2 911
    2 830
    2 746
    2 667
    2 598
    2 552
    2 504
    2 459
    2 432

    390
    395
    391
    388
    387
    380
    374
    366
    363
    355

    53 167
    52 875
    52 476
    51 968
    51 375
    50 502
    49 609
    48 813
    48 145
    47 322

    47 223
    46 857
    46 539
    46 127
    45 611
    44 840
    44 111
    43 465
    42 823
    42 047

    5 944
    6 018
    5 937
    5 841
    5 764
    5 662
    5 498
    5 348
    5 322
    5 275

    15.9
    16.0
    16.3
    16.6
    16.8
    17.0
    17.0
    17.0
    17.1
    17.0

    16.0
    16.1
    16.4
    16.8
    17.1
    17.3
    17.3
    17.4
    17.4
    17.3

    15.2
    15.2
    15.2
    15.1
    14.9
    14.9
    14.7
    14.6
    14.7
    14.9

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    2 753
    2 734
    2 668
    2 631
    2 592
    2 549
    2 508
    2 476
    2 458
    2 440

    2 398
    2 357
    2 323
    2 279
    2 244
    2 206
    2 168
    2 139
    2 133
    2 127

    355
    377
    345
    352
    348
    343
    340
    337
    325
    313

    46 451
    45 741
    45 430
    45 487
    45 205
    44 979
    44 908
    44 967
    45 165
    45 544

    41 217
    40 543
    40 189
    40 008
    39 753
    39 422
    39 208
    39 252
    39 566
    40 044

    5 234
    5 198
    5 242
    5 479
    5 452
    5 557
    5 700
    5 715
    5 600
    5 500

    16.9
    16.7
    17.0
    17.3
    17.4
    17.6
    17.9
    18.2
    18.4
    18.7

    17.2
    17.2
    17.3
    17.6
    17.7
    17.9
    18.1
    18.4
    18.6
    18.8

    14.7
    13.8
    15.2
    15.6
    15.7
    16.2
    16.8
    17.0
    17.2
    17.6

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................
    ..............................................

    2 485
    2 461
    2 479
    2 488
    2 457
    2 453
    2 410
    2 372
    2 337
    2 293

    2 184
    2 185
    2 207
    2 209
    2 189
    2 198
    2 165
    2 136
    2 106
    2 063

    301
    276
    272
    279
    268
    255
    245
    236
    231
    230

    46 208
    46 651
    47 635
    48 717
    49 478
    49 819
    50 073
    50 446
    50 726
    51 271

    40 877
    41 651
    42 550
    43 577
    44 311
    44 819
    45 073
    45 446
    45 726
    46 071

    5 331
    5 000
    5 085
    5 140
    5 167
    5 000
    5 000
    5 000
    5 000
    5 200

    18.6
    19.0
    19.2
    19.6
    20.1
    20.3
    20.8
    21.3
    21.7
    22.4

    18.7
    19.1
    19.3
    19.7
    20.2
    20.4
    20.8
    21.3
    21.7
    22.3

    17.7
    18.1
    18.7
    18.4
    19.3
    19.6
    20.4
    21.2
    21.6
    22.6

    1970 ..............................................
    1965 ..............................................

    2 292
    1 933

    2 059
    1 710

    233
    223

    51 257
    48 473

    45 894
    42 173

    5 363
    6 300

    22.4
    25.1

    22.3
    24.7

    23.0
    28.3

    1960 ..............................................
    1955 ..............................................

    1 600
    1 286

    1 408
    1 141

    192
    145

    42 181
    35 280

    36 281
    30 680

    5 900
    4 600

    26.4
    27.4

    25.8
    26.9

    30.7
    31.7

    Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Digest of Education Statistics, 2002.
    Note: Data for teachers are expressed in full-time equivalents; includes kindergarten and a relatively small number of nursery school teachers and students; ratios for public schools reflect totals
    reported by states and differ from totals reported by schools on school districts; some data have been revised from previously published figures; detail may not sum to totals due to
    rounding.
    1Many

    of the private school numbers are estimates.

    194

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 12-7Series H 598-601. High School Graduates,


    18702002
    (Number in thousands.)
    Year of graduation

    Total

    2002 ............................................................................
    2001 ............................................................................

    2 889
    2 847

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    2 823
    2 759
    2 704
    2 612
    2 518
    2 520
    2 464
    2 480
    2 478
    2 493

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    2 589
    2 744
    2 773
    2 694
    2 643
    2 677
    2 767
    2 888
    2 995
    3 020

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    3 043
    3 101
    3 127
    3 152
    3 148
    3 133
    3 073
    3 035
    3 002
    2 938

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    2 889
    2 822
    2 695
    2 672
    2 665
    2 658
    2 283
    1 943
    1 918
    1 964

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1954
    1952

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    1 858
    1 627
    1 506
    1 434
    1 415
    1 276
    1 197

    1950
    1948
    1946
    1944
    1942

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    1 200
    1 190
    1 080
    1 019
    1 242

    1940
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    1 221
    1 120
    1 068
    1 015
    965
    915
    871
    827
    747

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    667
    632
    597
    579
    561
    528
    494
    426
    357
    334

    Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Digest of Education
    Statistics, 2002.

    SECTION 12: EDUCATION AND LEARNING

    Table 12-7Series H 598-601. High School Graduates,


    18702002Continued
    (Number in thousands.)
    Year of graduation

    Total

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    311
    298
    285
    272
    259
    240
    219
    200
    181
    168

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    156
    142
    129
    127
    126
    119
    112
    105
    99
    97

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    95
    90
    84
    80
    76
    72
    65
    59
    53
    48

    1890
    1889
    1888
    1887
    1886
    1885
    1884
    1883
    1882
    1881

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    44
    39
    33
    32
    33
    32
    31
    28
    27
    25

    1880
    1879
    1878
    1877
    1876
    1875
    1874
    1873
    1872
    1871

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    24
    23
    22
    21
    20
    20
    19
    18
    17
    17

    1870 ............................................................................

    16

    Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Digest of Education
    Statistics, 2002.

    195

    196

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 12-8. High School Dropouts, by Race and Hispanic Origin, 19752001
    (Percent; as of October.)
    Item

    1975

    1980

    1985

    1990 1

    1994

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    EVENT DROPOUTS 2
    Total 3 ...................................................
    White .....................................................
    Male ...................................................
    Female ..............................................
    Black ......................................................
    Male ...................................................
    Female ..............................................
    Hispanic 4 ..............................................
    Male ..................................................
    Female ..............................................

    5.8
    5.4
    5.0
    5.8
    8.7
    8.3
    9.0
    10.9
    10.1
    11.6

    6.0
    5.6
    6.4
    4.9
    8.3
    8.0
    8.5
    11.5
    16.9
    6.9

    5.2
    4.8
    4.9
    4.7
    7.7
    8.3
    7.2
    9.7
    9.3
    9.8

    4.0
    3.8
    4.1
    3.5
    5.1
    4.1
    6.0
    8.0
    8.7
    7.2

    5.0
    4.7
    4.6
    4.9
    6.2
    6.5
    5.7
    9.2
    8.4
    10.1

    5.4
    5.1
    5.4
    4.8
    6.1
    7.9
    4.4
    11.6
    10.9
    12.5

    4.7
    4.5
    4.8
    4.1
    6.3
    4.6
    7.8
    8.4
    9.2
    7.6

    4.3
    4.2
    4.9
    3.5
    4.8
    4.1
    5.7
    8.6
    10.4
    6.7

    4.4
    4.4
    4.4
    4.4
    5.0
    4.6
    5.5
    8.4
    8.6
    8.2

    4.7
    4.4
    4.1
    4.7
    6.0
    5.2
    6.8
    7.1
    6.9
    7.3

    4.5
    4.3
    4.7
    4.0
    5.6
    7.6
    3.8
    6.8
    7.1
    6.5

    4.7
    4.6
    5.3
    3.8
    5.7
    6.1
    5.4
    8.1
    7.6
    8.7

    15.6
    13.9
    13.5
    14.2
    27.3
    27.8
    26.9
    34.9
    32.6
    36.8

    15.6
    14.4
    15.7
    13.2
    23.5
    26.0
    21.5
    40.3
    42.6
    38.1

    13.9
    13.5
    14.7
    12.3
    17.6
    18.8
    16.6
    31.5
    35.8
    27.0

    13.6
    13.5
    14.2
    12.8
    15.1
    13.6
    16.2
    37.3
    39.8
    34.5

    13.3
    12.7
    13.6
    11.7
    15.5
    17.5
    13.7
    34.7
    36.1
    33.1

    13.9
    13.6
    14.3
    13.0
    14.4
    14.2
    14.6
    34.7
    34.2
    35.4

    12.8
    12.5
    12.9
    12.1
    16.0
    17.4
    14.7
    34.5
    36.2
    32.7

    13.0
    12.4
    13.8
    10.9
    16.7
    17.5
    16.1
    30.6
    33.2
    27.6

    13.9
    13.7
    15.7
    11.7
    17.1
    20.5
    14.3
    34.4
    39.7
    28.6

    13.1
    12.8
    13.9
    11.8
    16.0
    16.3
    15.7
    33.9
    36.4
    31.1

    12.4
    12.2
    13.5
    10.9
    15.3
    17.4
    13.5
    32.3
    36.8
    27.3

    13.0
    13.4
    15.3
    11.4
    13.8
    16.9
    11.0
    31.7
    37.1
    25.5

    STATUS DROPOUTS 5
    Total 3 ...................................................
    White .....................................................
    Male ..................................................
    Female ..............................................
    Black ......................................................
    Male ..................................................
    Female ..............................................
    Hispanic 4 ..............................................
    Male ..................................................
    Female ..............................................

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Beginning 1990 reflects new editing procedures for cases with missing data on school enrollment.
    2Percent of students who drop out in a single year without completing high school. For grades 10 to 12.
    3Includes other races, not shown separately.
    4Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
    5Percent of the population who have not completed high school and are not enrolled, regardless of when

    they dropped out. For persons 18 to 24 years old.

    SECTION 12: EDUCATION AND LEARNING

    197

    Table 12-9. Higher EducationSummary, 19802000


    (Number in thousands, except as noted; institutions, staff, and enrollment as of fall; finances for fiscal year ending in the following year; covers
    universities, colleges, professional schools, junior and teachers colleges, both publicly and privately controlled, regular session; includes
    estimates for institutions not reporting.)
    Item

    1980

    1985

    1990

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    ALL INSTITUTIONS
    Number of Institutions 1 ..............................
    4-year .........................................................
    2-year .........................................................

    3 231
    1 957
    1 274

    3 340
    2 029
    1 311

    3 559
    2 141
    1 418

    3 706
    2 244
    1 462

    4 009
    2 267
    1 742

    4 064
    2 309
    1 755

    4 048
    2 335
    1 713

    4 084
    2 363
    1 721

    4 182
    2 450
    1 732

    Instructional Staff
    (Lecturer or Above) 2 (thousands) .............
    Percent full-time (percent) ..........................

    686
    66

    715
    64

    817
    61

    932
    59

    932
    59

    990
    57

    999
    ...

    1 028
    58

    ...
    ...

    Total enrollment 3,4 (thousands) .................


    Male ...........................................................
    Female .......................................................

    12 097
    5 874
    6 223

    12 247
    5 818
    6 429

    13 819
    6 284
    7 535

    14 262
    6 343
    7 919

    14 368
    6 353
    8 015

    14 502
    6 396
    8 106

    14 507
    6 369
    8 138

    14 791
    6 491
    8 301

    15 312
    6 722
    8 591

    4-year institutions .......................................


    2-year institutions .......................................

    7 571
    4 526

    7 716
    4 531

    8 579
    5 240

    8 769
    5 493

    8 804
    5 563

    8 897
    5 606

    9 018
    5 489

    9 199
    5 593

    9 364
    5 948

    Full-time .....................................................
    Part-time ....................................................

    7 098
    4 999

    7 075
    5 172

    7 821
    5 998

    8 129
    6 133

    8 303
    6 065

    8 438
    6 064

    8 563
    5 944

    8 786
    6 005

    9 010
    6 303

    Public .........................................................
    Private ........................................................

    9 457
    2 640

    9 479
    2 768

    10 845
    2 974

    11 092
    3 169

    11 120
    3 247

    11 196
    3 306

    11 138
    3 369

    11 309
    3 482

    11 753
    3 560

    Undergraduate 4 ........................................
    Men ........................................................
    Women ...................................................
    First-time freshmen ................................

    10 475
    5 000
    5 475
    2 588

    10 597
    4 962
    5 635
    2 292

    11 959
    5 380
    6 579
    2 257

    12 232
    5 401
    6 831
    2 169

    12 327
    5 421
    6 906
    2 274

    12 451
    5 469
    6 982
    2 219

    12 437
    5 446
    6 991
    2 213

    12 681
    5 559
    7 122
    2 352

    13 155
    5 778
    7 377
    2 428

    First professional ........................................


    Men ........................................................
    Women ...................................................

    278
    199
    78

    274
    180
    94

    273
    167
    107

    298
    174
    124

    298
    173
    126

    298
    170
    129

    302
    169
    134

    303
    165
    138

    307
    164
    143

    Graduate 4 .................................................
    Men ........................................................
    Women ...................................................

    1 343
    675
    670

    1 376
    677
    700

    1 586
    737
    849

    1 732
    768
    965

    1 742
    759
    983

    1 753
    758
    996

    1 768
    754
    1 013

    1 807
    766
    1 041

    1 850
    780
    1 071

    Public Institutions (millions of dollars):


    Current funds revenues 5 ...........................
    Tuition and fees .....................................
    Federal government ...............................
    State government ...................................
    Auxiliary enterprises ...............................

    43 196
    5 570
    5 540
    19 676
    4 615

    65 005
    9 439
    6 852
    29 221
    6 685

    94 905
    15 258
    9 763
    38 240
    9 059

    123 501
    23 257
    13 672
    44 243
    11 595

    129 505
    24 631
    14 189
    46 114
    12 281

    137 571
    26 058
    14 544
    49 115
    13 070

    144 970
    27 428
    15 554
    52 132
    13 776

    157 314
    29 126
    16 952
    56 370
    15 174

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Public Institutions (millions of dollars):


    Current funds expenditures 5 .....................
    Educational and general ........................
    Auxiliary enterprises ...............................

    42 280
    34 173
    4 658

    63 194
    50 873
    6 830

    92 961
    74 395
    9 050

    119 525
    96 086
    11 309

    125 429
    101 027
    12 032

    132 846
    106 741
    12 819

    140 539
    113 594
    13 567

    152 325
    122 709
    14 448

    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 274
    945
    329

    1 311
    932
    379

    1 418
    972
    446

    1 462
    1 047
    415

    1 742
    1 088
    654

    1 755
    1 092
    663

    1 713
    1 069
    644

    1 721
    1 068
    653

    1 732
    1 076
    656

    2-YEAR INSTITUTIONS
    Number of Institutions 1,6 ............................
    Public .........................................................
    Private ........................................................
    Instructional Staff
    (Lecturer or Above) 2 (thousands) .............

    192

    211

    ...

    285

    285

    307

    ...

    314

    ...

    Enrollment 3,4 (thousands) ..........................


    Public .........................................................
    Private ........................................................

    4 526
    4 329
    198

    4 531
    4 270
    261

    5 240
    4 996
    244

    5 493
    5 278
    215

    5 563
    5 314
    249

    5 606
    5 361
    245

    5 489
    5 246
    243

    5 593
    5 339
    253

    5 948
    5 697
    251

    Male ...........................................................
    Female .......................................................

    2 047
    2 479

    2 002
    2 529

    2 233
    3 007

    2 329
    3 164

    2 359
    3 204

    2 390
    3 216

    2 333
    3 156

    2 387
    3 205

    2 559
    3 390

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Number

    of institutions includes count of branch campuses. Due to revised survey procedures, data beginning 1990 are not comparable with previous years. Beginning 1996 data reflect a new
    classification of institutions; this classification includes some additional, primarily 2-year, colleges than before and excludes a few institutions that did not award degrees. Includes institutions that
    were eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.
    2Due to revised survey methods, data beginning 1990 not comparable with previous years.
    3Branch campuses counted according to actual status, e.g., 2-year branch in 2-year category.
    4Includes unclassified students. (Students taking courses for credit, but are not candidates for degrees.)
    5Includes items not shown separately.
    6Includes schools accredited by the National Association of Trade and Technical Schools. See footnote 1 for information pertaining to data beginning 1996.
    . . . = Not available.

    198

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 12-10Series H 751-765. Institutions of Higher EducationDegrees Conferred by Sex, 18702012


    (Number.)
    Bachelors or first professional
    School year ending

    Masters or second professional

    Doctors or equivalent

    Total, all degrees 1


    Male

    Female

    Male

    Female

    Male

    Female

    2012, proj. .............................................


    2011, proj. .............................................

    2 740 200
    2 699 000

    631 800
    624 600

    891 600
    875 100

    204 000
    201 000

    297 000
    290 000

    26 000
    25 800

    20 800
    20 500

    2010, proj. .............................................


    2009, proj. .............................................
    2008, proj. .............................................
    2007, proj. .............................................
    2006, proj. .............................................
    2005, proj. .............................................
    2004, proj. .............................................
    2003, proj. .............................................
    2002, proj. .............................................
    2001 ......................................................

    2 672 000
    2 648 000
    2 624 300
    2 601 500
    2 581 700
    2 561 300
    2 548 200
    2 527 200
    2 494 700
    2 416 123

    618 300
    614 000
    609 800
    605 600
    602 600
    601 000
    597 300
    585 500
    580 700
    574 702

    863 600
    852 100
    841 700
    830 300
    822 700
    808 200
    806 900
    795 700
    782 100
    749 176

    201 000
    200 000
    199 000
    198 000
    197 000
    197 000
    197 000
    199 000
    201 000
    194 351

    287 000
    284 000
    281 000
    279 000
    276 000
    273 000
    270 000
    269 000
    267 000
    274 125

    25 700
    25 600
    25 500
    25 400
    25 300
    25 200
    25 200
    25 200
    25 200
    24 728

    20 400
    20 300
    20 300
    20 200
    20 100
    19 900
    19 800
    19 800
    19 700
    20 176

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 384 729
    2 322 759
    2 297 733
    2 288 112
    2 247 695
    2 217 700
    2 205 580
    2 167 038
    2 108 427
    2 024 668

    574 606
    563 085
    564 867
    566 079
    567 202
    570 984
    577 129
    578 034
    565 882
    547 891

    743 326
    715 657
    698 137
    685 530
    674 324
    664 950
    667 564
    662 531
    644 817
    618 595

    191 792
    186 148
    184 375
    180 947
    179 081
    178 598
    176 085
    169 258
    161 842
    156 482

    265 264
    253 838
    245 789
    238 454
    227 220
    219 031
    210 985
    200 327
    190 996
    180 686

    25 028
    25 146
    26 664
    27 146
    26 841
    26 916
    26 552
    26 073
    25 557
    24 756

    19 780
    18 931
    19 346
    18 730
    17 811
    17 530
    16 633
    16 059
    15 102
    14 538

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 940 106
    1 872 716
    1 834 836
    1 822 575
    1 830 000
    1 828 446
    1 818 489
    1 814 880
    1 787 809
    1 752 170

    535 657
    528 392
    522 687
    527 305
    535 184
    532 983
    533 697
    530 390
    525 587
    522 675

    586 675
    561 219
    542 877
    535 576
    526 549
    521 557
    515 080
    512 174
    499 443
    484 421

    153 653
    149 354
    145 163
    141 269
    143 508
    143 390
    143 595
    144 697
    145 532
    147 043

    170 648
    161 267
    154 154
    148 080
    145 059
    142 861
    140 668
    145 224
    150 014
    148 696

    24 401
    22 648
    22 615
    22 061
    21 819
    21 700
    22 064
    21 902
    22 224
    22 711

    13 970
    13 072
    12 255
    11 980
    11 834
    11 243
    11 145
    10 873
    10 483
    10 247

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 731 154
    1 726 749
    1 743 782
    1 740 681
    1 725 684
    1 665 553
    1 654 365
    1 586 702
    1 507 694
    1 392 603

    526 327
    529 996
    539 617
    547 919
    557 817
    553 797
    575 843
    564 680
    541 313
    511 138

    473 221
    460 242
    448 168
    435 989
    430 578
    425 052
    423 749
    407 700
    389 371
    366 538

    150 749
    153 370
    161 212
    167 783
    167 248
    161 570
    157 842
    154 468
    149 550
    138 146

    147 332
    147 709
    150 408
    149 381
    144 523
    130 880
    119 191
    108 903
    102 083
    92 363

    22 943
    23 541
    23 658
    25 142
    26 267
    26 817
    27 365
    28 571
    28 090
    27 530

    9 672
    9 189
    8 473
    8 090
    7 797
    7 266
    6 451
    6 206
    5 273
    4 577

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 271 414
    1 167 152
    1 025 507
    907 755
    820 685
    659 681
    612 148
    549 516
    512 608
    485 611

    484 174
    444 190
    390 084
    353 112
    328 269
    309 456
    291 706
    267 062
    255 292
    249 115

    343 060
    319 769
    276 144
    237 117
    221 970
    212 591
    196 769
    170 948
    154 276
    141 312

    125 624
    121 531
    113 552
    103 109
    93 081
    81 319
    73 850
    67 302
    62 603
    57 830

    82 667
    72 225
    63 197
    54 617
    47 521
    39 848
    35 333
    31 382
    28 815
    26 779

    25 890
    22 722
    20 183
    18 163
    16 121
    14 692
    12 955
    11 448
    10 377
    9 463

    3 976
    3 436
    2 906
    2 454
    2 116
    1 775
    1 535
    1 374
    1 245
    1 112

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    476 704
    461 823
    438 030
    409 132
    377 698
    352 881
    357 327
    372 315
    401 203
    454 960

    252 996
    252 517
    241 560
    221 650
    198 615
    182 839
    186 884
    199 793
    225 981
    278 240

    136 187
    127 414
    121 942
    116 786
    110 899
    103 002
    104 624
    103 256
    104 005
    104 306

    51 965
    48 360
    44 229
    41 329
    39 393
    38 739
    38 147
    40 946
    43 557
    46 196

    25 727
    24 172
    21 357
    20 611
    19 888
    19 461
    18 676
    20 213
    19 977
    18 881

    8 801
    8 371
    7 978
    7 817
    8 018
    8 014
    8 181
    7 515
    6 969
    6 663

    1 028
    989
    964
    939
    885
    826
    815
    792
    714
    674

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1946
    1944
    1942

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    496 661
    421 282
    317 607
    157 349
    141 582
    213 491

    328 841
    263 608
    175 615
    58 664
    55 865
    103 889

    103 217
    101 884
    95 571
    77 510
    69 998
    81 457

    41 220
    35 212
    28 931
    9 484
    5 711
    14 179

    16 963
    15 529
    13 501
    9 725
    7 703
    10 469

    5 804
    4 527
    3 496
    1 580
    1 880
    3 036

    616
    522
    493
    386
    425
    461

    1940
    1938
    1936
    1934
    1932

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    216 521
    189 503
    164 197
    157 279
    160 084

    109 546
    97 678
    86 067
    82 341
    83 271

    76 954
    67 265
    57 058
    53 815
    54 792

    16 508
    13 400
    11 503
    11 516
    12 210

    10 233
    8 228
    6 799
    6 777
    7 157

    2 861
    2 502
    2 370
    2 456
    2 247

    429
    430
    400
    374
    407

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Beginning

    in 1966, total includes Associates degrees not shown separately.

    SECTION 12: EDUCATION AND LEARNING

    199

    Table 12-10Series H 751-765. Institutions of Higher EducationDegrees Conferred by Sex, 18702012


    Continued
    (Number.)
    Bachelors or first professional
    School year ending

    Masters or second professional

    Doctors or equivalent

    Total, all degrees 1


    Male

    Female

    Male

    Female

    Male

    Female

    1930
    1928
    1926
    1924
    1922

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    139 752
    124 995
    108 407
    92 097
    68 488

    73 615
    67 659
    62 218
    54 908
    41 306

    48 869
    43 502
    35 045
    27 875
    20 362

    8 925
    7 727
    6 202
    5 515
    4 304

    6 044
    4 660
    3 533
    2 701
    1 680

    1 946
    1 249
    1 216
    939
    708

    353
    198
    193
    159
    128

    1920
    1918
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    53 516
    42 041
    49 823
    48 100
    48 097
    45 959
    42 943
    40 434

    31 980
    26 269
    31 852
    31 417
    32 183
    31 312
    29 560
    28 547

    16 642
    12 316
    13 398
    12 495
    12 085
    11 084
    9 848
    8 934

    2 985
    1 806
    2 934
    2 638
    2 256
    2 021
    2 215
    1 821

    1 294
    1 094
    972
    939
    1 014
    1 004
    820
    635

    522
    491
    586
    549
    486
    481
    436
    449

    93
    65
    81
    62
    73
    57
    64
    48

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    39 755
    40 531
    36 162
    34 202
    34 189
    33 813
    32 514
    31 962
    31 117
    30 790

    28 762
    29 433
    26 376
    25 269
    25 215
    24 934
    24 237
    23 872
    23 225
    23 099

    8 437
    8 459
    7 424
    6 965
    6 804
    6 585
    6 264
    6 035
    5 741
    5 582

    1 555
    1 713
    1 511
    1 215
    1 366
    1 538
    1 340
    1 385
    1 464
    1 405

    558
    475
    460
    404
    421
    387
    339
    333
    394
    339

    399
    397
    339
    320
    358
    341
    302
    302
    264
    334

    44
    54
    52
    29
    25
    28
    32
    35
    29
    31

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    29 375
    27 867
    26 816
    26 963
    26 342
    25 712
    23 352
    19 989
    17 722
    17 803

    22 173
    21 064
    20 358
    20 550
    20 076
    19 723
    17 917
    15 342
    13 840
    13 902

    5 237
    4 916
    4 694
    4 681
    4 517
    4 383
    3 933
    3 325
    2 962
    2 938

    1 280
    1 275
    1 188
    1 163
    1 213
    1 124
    1 013
    ...
    ...
    ...

    303
    267
    252
    250
    265
    210
    210
    ...
    ...
    ...

    359
    327
    285
    299
    236
    247
    261
    ...
    ...
    ...

    23
    18
    39
    20
    35
    25
    18
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1890
    1889
    1888
    1887
    1886
    1885
    1884
    1883
    1882
    1881

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    16 703
    16 305
    16 383
    14 402
    14 040
    15 882
    13 732
    16 029
    15 928
    15 830

    12 857
    12 397
    12 562
    11 008
    10 731
    12 043
    10 408
    12 294
    12 168
    12 035

    2 682
    2 623
    2 694
    2 394
    2 366
    2 691
    2 357
    2 822
    2 830
    2 836

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    147
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1880
    1879
    1878
    1877
    1876
    1875
    1874
    1873
    1872
    1871

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    13 829
    13 036
    12 381
    10 915
    12 871
    12 616
    12 366
    11 723
    8 660
    12 370

    10 411
    9 808
    9 416
    8 329
    9 911
    9 905
    9 593
    9 070
    6 626
    10 484

    2 485
    2 273
    2 117
    1 816
    2 094
    2 027
    1 900
    1 737
    1 226
    1 873

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    51
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1870 ......................................................

    9 372

    7 993

    1 378

    ...

    ...

    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Beginning

    in 1966, total includes Associates degrees not shown separately.


    . . . = Not available.

    200

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 12-11. Institutions of Higher EducationCharges, 19852002


    (Dollars; estimated; for the entire academic year ending in year shown; figures are average charges per full-time equivalent student; room and
    board are based on full-time students.)
    Tuition and required fees 1
    Year and academic control

    All
    institutions

    2-year
    colleges

    4-year
    colleges

    Board rates 2
    Other
    4-year
    schools

    All
    institutions

    2-year
    colleges

    4-year
    colleges

    Dormitory charges
    Other
    4-year
    schools

    All
    institutions

    2-year
    colleges

    4-year
    colleges

    Other
    4-year
    schools

    Public
    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    2 727
    2 562

    1 379
    1 333

    4 281
    3 979

    3 419
    3 208

    2 597
    2 455

    2 036
    1 906

    2 835
    2 686

    2 498
    2 358

    2 721
    2 569

    1 722
    1 600

    2 837
    2 657

    2 793
    2 652

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 506
    2 430
    2 360
    2 271
    2 179
    2 057
    1 942
    1 782
    1 624
    1 454

    1 338
    1 327
    1 314
    1 276
    1 239
    1 192
    1 125
    1 025
    937
    824

    3 768
    3 640
    3 468
    3 323
    3 151
    2 977
    2 820
    2 604
    2 410
    2 159

    3 091
    2 974
    2 877
    2 778
    2 660
    2 499
    2 360
    2 192
    1 933
    1 707

    2 364
    2 347
    2 228
    2 111
    2 020
    1 949
    1 880
    1 841
    1 780
    1 691

    1 834
    1 828
    1 795
    1 789
    1 681
    1 712
    1 681
    1 668
    1 612
    1 594

    2 628
    2 576
    2 438
    2 282
    2 192
    2 108
    1 993
    1 982
    1 852
    1 767

    2 239
    2 247
    2 130
    2 025
    1 937
    1 866
    1 828
    1 761
    1 745
    1 641

    2 440
    2 330
    2 225
    2 148
    2 057
    1 959
    1 873
    1 756
    1 731
    1 612

    1 549
    1 450
    1 401
    1 339
    1 297
    1 232
    1 190
    1 106
    1 074
    1 050

    2 516
    2 408
    2 285
    2 187
    2 104
    1 992
    1 897
    1 856
    1 789
    1 658

    2 521
    2 410
    2 312
    2 232
    2 133
    2 044
    1 958
    1 787
    1 782
    1 655

    1990 ......................................................
    1985 ......................................................

    1 356
    971

    756
    584

    2 035
    1 386

    1 608
    1 117

    1 635
    1 241

    1 581
    1 302

    1 728
    1 276

    1 561
    1 201

    1 513
    1 196

    962
    921

    1 561
    1 237

    1 554
    1 200

    Private
    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    15 851
    15 000

    10 010
    9 067

    21 183
    20 106

    14 995
    14 233

    3 106
    2 993

    2 664
    3 000

    3 465
    3 300

    2 996
    2 893

    3 564
    3 374

    3 204
    2 722

    4 471
    4 270

    3 294
    3 121

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    14 081
    13 428
    12 801
    12 498
    11 864
    11 111
    10 572
    9 942
    9 434
    8 772

    8 235
    7 854
    7 464
    7 236
    7 094
    6 914
    6 370
    6 059
    5 752
    5 570

    19 307
    18 340
    17 229
    16 552
    15 605
    14 537
    13 874
    13 055
    12 192
    11 379

    13 361
    12 815
    12 338
    11 871
    11 297
    10 653
    10 100
    9 533
    9 053
    8 389

    2 882
    2 865
    2 762
    2 663
    2 606
    2 509
    2 434
    2 344
    2 252
    2 074

    2 922
    2 884
    2 785
    2 181
    2 098
    2 023
    1 970
    1 875
    2 090
    1 989

    3 157
    3 188
    3 132
    3 142
    3 218
    3 035
    2 946
    2 825
    2 727
    2 470

    2 790
    2 765
    2 648
    2 520
    2 429
    2 362
    2 278
    2 197
    2 098
    1 943

    3 224
    3 075
    2 954
    2 878
    2 738
    2 587
    2 490
    2 348
    2 221
    2 063

    2 808
    2 581
    2 672
    2 537
    2 371
    2 233
    2 067
    1 970
    1 789
    1 744

    4 070
    3 914
    3 756
    3 826
    3 680
    3 469
    3 277
    3 018
    2 860
    2 654

    2 976
    2 850
    2 731
    2 602
    2 473
    2 347
    2 261
    2 151
    2 038
    1 889

    1990 ......................................................
    1985 ......................................................

    8 174
    5 315

    5 196
    3 485

    10 348
    6 843

    7 778
    5 135

    1 948
    1 462

    1 811
    1 294

    2 339
    1 647

    1 823
    1 405

    1 923
    1 426

    1 663
    1 424

    2 411
    1 753

    1 774
    1 309

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1For in-state students.
    2Beginning 1990, rates

    reflect 20 meals per week, rather than meals served 7 days a week.

    SECTION

    13

    LAW ENFORCEMENT,
    COURTS, AND PRISONS

    202

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 13

    LAW ENFORCEMENT,
    COURTS, AND
    PRISONS
    Highlights

    Crime Rates by Type, 19602002


    6,000
    Violent crime
    Property crime

    Rate per 100,000 inhabitants

    5,000

    4,000

    3,000

    2,000

    1,000

    0
    1960

    1965

    1970

    1975

    1980

    1985

    1990

    1995

    2002

    Year

    Under the U.S. Constitution, law enforcement is a


    function of state and municipal governments. Crimes
    under federal jurisdiction include offenses against the
    U.S. government and against or by its employees while
    engaged on official duties, as well as offenses that
    involve the crossing of state lines or interference with
    interstate commerce. Excluding the military and federal
    jurisdictions, there are 51 separate criminal law jurisdictions, one in each of the 50 states and one in the District
    of Columbia. Each of these has its own criminal law and
    procedure and its own law enforcement agencies with
    substantial differences in penalties for like offenses.
    While almost all of them follow the Anglo-Saxon
    Common Law, Louisianas legal heritage, for example, is
    largely French and Continental.

    The major sources of law enforcement and criminal justice data are the Federal Bureau of Investigation
    (FBI) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. The latter has
    emerged in recent years as an incomparable data
    provider, publishing such reports as Sourcebook of
    Criminal Justice Statistics, Criminal Victimization in the
    United States, Prisoners in State and Federal Institutions,
    Children in Custody, National Surveys of Courts, Census
    of State Correctional Facilities, Survey of Prison Inmates,
    Parole in the United States, Capital Punishment, and
    Expenditure and Employment Data for the Criminal
    Justice System. The FBIs major publication is Crime in
    the United States, which grew out of the Uniform
    Crime Reporting Program initiated in 1930 by the
    International Association of Chiefs of Police. In 1958, a

    SECTION 13: LAW ENFORCEMENT, COURTS, AND PRISONS

    special committee was appointed to study the program.


    Their report made 22 recommendations that were
    incorporated in the Uniform Crime Reports, beginning
    with the 1958 issue. Its major innovations were the
    Crime Index and the Crime Rates per 100,000. Offenses
    are divided into two groups, designated Part I and Part
    II. Part I offenses make up the Crime Index. The original eight FBI Index offenses are murder, nonnegligent
    manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault,
    burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft. Arson was
    added as the eighth Index offense in 1979. The FBI
    Reports are complemented by the National Crime
    Survey (NCS) of the Bureau of Justice Statistics. NCS
    data come directly from the victims and include offenses reported to the police as well as those not reported.
    When an offense involves more than one criminal act, it
    is counted only once under the more serious category.

    The earliest statistics on the courts were collected


    and published by the Bureau of the Census from 1932
    to 1945. There are several types of courts with varying
    degrees of jurisdiction: original, appellate, general, and
    limited or special. The 94 federal courts of original jurisdiction are known as the District Courts.

    Statistics on prisoners were collected by the


    Bureau of the Census in connection with each decennial
    census of population from 1850 to 1890. Independent
    enumerations of prisoners were made in 1904, 1910,
    1923, and 1933. The first nationwide collection of data
    was made in 1926 by the Bureau of the Census, which
    published an annual summary until 1950. From 1950 to
    1971, the data were published by the FBI, from 1971 to
    1979 by the Law Enforcement Assistance
    Administration, and since 1979 by the Bureau of Justice
    Statistics.

    5 Crime rates have declined since the early 1990s.


    Since 1991 the rate of crimes dropped 29 percent, from
    a rate per 100,000 of 5,898 in 1991 to 4,161 in 2001. The
    violent crimes rate dropped 33 percent, from 758 to 504,
    of which the murder rate went down 43 percent from
    9.8 to 5.6. (All rates are per 100,000.) Property crimes
    went from a rate of 5,140 to 3,656.

    The states with the highest violent crime rate per


    100,000 as of 2001 are Florida (797), Maryland (781),
    New Mexico (781), and Tennessee (745). The states with
    the lowest crime rates are Vermont (105), Maine (112),
    South Dakota (155), and New Hampshire (170). The
    District of Columbia tops all states on this basis, with a
    rate of 1,737, but this figure is more comparable with
    city data because the District of Columbia is effectively
    a single city.

    203

    Among cities, the highest violent crime rate per


    100,000 population in 2001 are Atlanta, GA (2,534),
    Baltimore, MD (2,240), Detroit, MI (2,191), and St.
    Louis, MO (2,188). Among the cities with the lowest
    violent crime rates are Virginia Beach, VA (194) and
    Honolulu, HI (277).

    Beginning in 1988, more Black males became


    homicide victims than White males. In 2000, 6,482 Black
    males were murdered, compared with 5,925 White
    males. The Black male homicide rate is 38.6 per 100,000,
    compared with 5.3 for White males. Black females also
    have a higher homicide rate than White females (7.5 vs.
    2.1).

    In 2001, there were 9,878 hate crimes reported by


    12,054 law enforcement agencies. Of these, 2,951 were
    directed against Blacks, 1,376 against homosexuals, and
    1,054 against Jews.

    10
    In 2001, there were 78,443 arrests of juveniles
    under 18 years of age for violent crimes, 29,290 juvenile
    arrests for weapon law violations, and 146,758 juvenile
    arrests for drug abuse.

    11
    In 2001, there were 10.762 million arrests. Of
    these, 7.235 million were of Whites and 3.259 million
    were of Blacks. Males made up 78.1 percent of the
    arrestees. Of serious crimes, the most common arrests
    were for larceny/theft (881,500) and aggravated assault
    (370,700). The most common nonserious crimes were
    drug abuse violations (1.266 million), other assaults
    (999,900), and driving under the influence (970,300).

    12
    The government has been waging a losing war
    on drugs for many decades. In 2002, 5.065 million
    pounds of drugs were seized by the Drug Enforcement
    Administration, compared with 1.663 million pounds in
    1995. Drug arrest rates for drug abuse violations rose to
    587.1 per 100,000 in 2000, compared with 435.3 in 1990.

    13
    In 2000, 1.815 million illegal aliens were apprehended by the Border Patrol, compared with 1.170 million in 1990. From these, $1.945 billion worth of narcotics were seized.

    14
    In 2000, there were 15,785 general purpose law
    enforcement agencies in the United States, of which
    12,666 were local agencies.

    204

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    15
    The number of police officers killed in the line
    of duty was 135 in 2000, which is about average for the

    18
    In 2001, 903,141 child abuse and neglect cases
    were reported. Of these, neglect was involved in 516,646

    past 10 years. In 2001, the number was 220, including 72


    officers killed during the terrorist attack of September
    11, 2001. Other than in 2001, more police officers are
    killed in the South than in any other region.

    cases (57.2 percent), physical abuse in 168,284 cases


    (18.6 percent), sexual abuse in 86,834 cases (9.4 percent), emotional neglect in 61,779 cases (6.8 percent),
    and medical neglect in 17,664 cases (2.0 percent).

    16
    In 2001, the Supreme Court docket consisted of
    9,176 cases, up from 5,144 cases in 1980. Appellate cases

    19
    In 2000, there were 613,534 jail inmates (excluding state and federal prisons). That year state and feder-

    made up 2,210 of those cases, compared with 2,749 in


    1980. Although the total cases on the Supreme Court
    docket has nearly doubled since 1980, the total cases
    available for argument have dropped to 137 from 264.
    The number of signed opinions also dropped, to 76 in
    2001 from 123 in 1980.

    al prisoners totaled 1.316 million. The total of all persons on probation or parole and in jails and prisons in
    2000 was 6.438 million or 3.1 percent of the resident
    adult population.

    17
    In 2001, a total of 1087 public officials were
    indicted for corruption, 920 were convicted, and 437
    were awaiting trial. Of these, 502 federal officials, 95
    state officials, and 224 local officials were indicted.

    SECTION 13: LAW ENFORCEMENT, COURTS, AND PRISONS

    205

    Table 13-1Series H 952-961. Crimes and Crime Rates by Type, 19602002


    (Number in thousands, rate per 100,000 inhabitants; data refer to offenses known to the police; rates are based on Bureau of the Census
    population data excluding Armed Forces abroad.)
    Violent crime
    Year

    Total

    Murder and
    non-negligent Forcible rape
    manslaughter

    Total

    Property crime

    Robbery

    Aggravated
    assault

    Total

    Burglary

    Larceny $50
    and over

    Auto theft

    Number of Offenses
    2002 ......................................................
    2001 1 ....................................................

    11 877
    11 877

    1 426
    1 439

    16
    16

    95
    91

    421
    424

    894
    909

    10 451
    10 437

    2 152
    2 117

    7 053
    7 092

    1 246
    1 228

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    11 608
    11 634
    12 486
    13 195
    13 494
    13 863
    13 990
    14 145
    14 438
    14 873

    1 425
    1 426
    1 534
    1 636
    1 689
    1 799
    1 858
    1 926
    1 932
    1 912

    16
    16
    17
    18
    20
    22
    23
    25
    24
    25

    90
    89
    93
    96
    96
    98
    102
    106
    109
    107

    408
    409
    447
    499
    536
    581
    619
    660
    672
    688

    912
    912
    977
    1 023
    1 037
    1 099
    1 113
    1 136
    1 127
    1 093

    10 183
    10 208
    10 952
    11 558
    11 805
    12 064
    12 132
    12 219
    12 506
    12 961

    2 051
    2 102
    2 333
    2 461
    2 506
    2 594
    2 713
    2 835
    2 980
    3 157

    6 972
    6 956
    7 376
    7 744
    7 905
    7 998
    7 880
    7 821
    7 915
    8 142

    1 160
    1 152
    1 243
    1 354
    1 394
    1 472
    1 539
    1 563
    1 611
    1 662

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    14 476
    14 251
    13 923
    13 509
    13 212
    12 430
    11 882
    12 109
    12 974
    13 424

    1 820
    1 646
    1 566
    1 484
    1 489
    1 329
    1 273
    1 258
    1 322
    1 362

    23
    22
    21
    20
    21
    19
    19
    19
    21
    23

    103
    95
    92
    91
    91
    88
    84
    79
    79
    83

    639
    578
    543
    518
    543
    498
    485
    507
    553
    593

    1 055
    952
    910
    855
    834
    723
    685
    653
    669
    664

    12 655
    12 605
    12 357
    12 025
    11 723
    11 103
    10 608
    10 851
    11 652
    12 062

    3 074
    3 168
    3 218
    3 236
    3 241
    3 073
    2 984
    3 130
    3 447
    3 780

    7 946
    7 872
    7 706
    7 500
    7 257
    6 926
    6 592
    6 713
    7 143
    7 194

    1 636
    1 565
    1 433
    1 289
    1 224
    1 103
    1 032
    1 008
    1 062
    1 088

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    13 408
    12 250
    11 209
    10 985
    11 350
    11 292
    10 253
    8 718
    8 249
    8 588

    1 345
    1 208
    1 086
    1 030
    1 004
    1 040
    975
    876
    835
    817

    23
    21
    20
    19
    19
    21
    21
    20
    19
    18

    83
    76
    68
    64
    57
    56
    55
    51
    47
    42

    566
    481
    427
    413
    428
    471
    442
    384
    376
    388

    673
    629
    571
    534
    501
    493
    456
    421
    393
    369

    12 064
    11 042
    10 123
    9 955
    10 346
    10 253
    9 279
    7 842
    7 414
    7 772

    3 795
    3 328
    3 128
    3 072
    3 109
    3 265
    3 039
    2 566
    2 376
    2 399

    7 137
    6 601
    5 991
    5 906
    6 271
    5 978
    5 263
    4 348
    4 151
    4 424

    1 132
    1 113
    1 004
    978
    966
    1 010
    977
    929
    887
    948

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    8 098
    7 411
    6 720
    5 903
    5 224
    4 739
    4 565
    4 109
    3 752
    3 488

    739
    662
    595
    500
    430
    387
    364
    317
    302
    289

    16
    15
    14
    12
    11
    10
    9
    9
    9
    9

    38
    37
    32
    28
    26
    23
    21
    18
    18
    17

    350
    299
    263
    203
    158
    139
    130
    116
    111
    107

    335
    311
    287
    257
    235
    215
    203
    174
    165
    157

    7 359
    6 749
    6 125
    5 404
    4 793
    4 352
    4 200
    3 793
    3 451
    3 199

    2 205
    1 982
    1 859
    1 632
    1 410
    1 283
    1 213
    1 086
    994
    950

    4 226
    3 889
    3 483
    3 112
    2 822
    2 573
    2 514
    2 298
    2 090
    1 913

    928
    879
    784
    660
    561
    497
    473
    408
    367
    336

    1960 ......................................................

    3 384

    288

    17

    108

    154

    3 096

    912

    1 855

    328

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1The

    murder and non-negligent homicides that occurred as a result of the events of September 11, 2001 were not included in this table.

    206

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 13-1Series H 952-961. Crimes and Crime Rates by Type, 19602002Continued


    (Number in thousands, rate per 100,000 inhabitants; data refer to offenses known to the police; rates are based on Bureau of the Census
    population data excluding Armed Forces abroad.)
    Violent crime
    Year

    Total
    Total

    Murder and
    non-negligent Forcible rape
    manslaughter

    Property crime

    Robbery

    Aggravated
    assault

    Total

    Burglary

    Larceny $50
    and over

    Auto theft

    Rate per 100,000 Inhabitants


    2002 ......................................................
    2001 1 ....................................................

    4 118.8
    4 162.6

    494.6
    504.5

    5.6
    5.6

    33.0
    31.8

    145.9
    148.5

    310.1
    318.6

    3 624.1
    3 658.1

    746.2
    741.8

    2 445.8
    2 485.7

    432.1
    430.5

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4 124.8
    4 266.5
    4 619.3
    4 930.0
    5 086.6
    5 275.9
    5 373.8
    5 487.1
    5 661.4
    5 898.4

    506.5
    523.0
    567.6
    611.0
    636.6
    684.5
    713.6
    747.1
    757.5
    758.2

    5.5
    5.7
    6.3
    6.8
    7.4
    8.2
    9.0
    9.5
    9.3
    9.8

    32.0
    32.8
    34.5
    35.9
    36.3
    37.1
    39.3
    41.1
    42.8
    42.3

    145.0
    150.1
    165.5
    186.2
    201.9
    220.9
    237.8
    256.0
    263.7
    272.7

    324.0
    334.3
    361.4
    382.1
    391.0
    418.3
    427.6
    440.5
    441.9
    433.4

    3 618.3
    3 743.6
    4 052.5
    4 316.3
    4 451.0
    4 590.5
    4 660.2
    4 740.0
    4 903.7
    5 140.2

    728.8
    770.4
    863.2
    918.8
    945.0
    987.0
    1 042.1
    1 099.7
    1 168.4
    1 252.1

    2 477.3
    2 550.7
    2 729.5
    2 891.8
    2 980.3
    3 043.2
    3 026.9
    3 033.9
    3 103.6
    3 229.1

    412.2
    422.5
    459.9
    505.7
    525.7
    560.3
    591.3
    606.3
    631.6
    659.0

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    5 802.7
    5 774.0
    5 694.5
    5 575.5
    5 501.9
    5 224.5
    5 031.3
    5 175.0
    5 603.6
    5 858.2

    729.6
    666.9
    640.6
    612.5
    620.1
    556.8
    539.2
    537.7
    571.1
    594.3

    9.4
    8.7
    8.5
    8.3
    8.6
    8.0
    7.9
    8.3
    9.1
    9.8

    41.1
    38.3
    37.8
    37.6
    38.1
    36.8
    35.7
    33.7
    34.0
    36.0

    256.3
    234.3
    222.1
    213.7
    226.0
    209.3
    205.4
    216.5
    238.9
    258.7

    422.9
    385.6
    372.2
    352.9
    347.4
    304.0
    290.2
    279.2
    289.2
    289.7

    5 073.1
    5 107.1
    5 054.0
    4 963.0
    4 881.8
    4 666.4
    4 492.1
    4 637.4
    5 032.5
    5 263.9

    1 232.2
    1 283.6
    1 316.2
    1 335.7
    1 349.8
    1 291.7
    1 265.5
    1 338.7
    1 488.0
    1 647.2

    3 185.1
    3 189.6
    3 151.7
    3 095.4
    3 022.1
    2 911.2
    2 795.2
    2 871.3
    3 083.1
    3 135.3

    655.8
    634.0
    586.1
    531.9
    509.8
    463.5
    437.7
    431.1
    458.6
    474.1

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    5 950.0
    5 565.5
    5 140.3
    5 077.6
    5 287.3
    5 298.5
    4 850.4
    4 154.4
    3 961.4
    4 164.7

    596.6
    548.9
    497.8
    475.9
    467.8
    487.8
    461.1
    417.4
    401.0
    396.0

    10.2
    9.7
    9.0
    8.8
    8.8
    9.6
    9.8
    9.4
    9.0
    8.6

    36.8
    34.7
    31.0
    29.4
    26.6
    26.3
    26.2
    24.5
    22.5
    20.5

    251.1
    218.4
    195.8
    190.7
    199.3
    220.8
    209.3
    183.1
    180.7
    188.0

    298.5
    286.0
    262.1
    240.0
    233.2
    231.1
    215.8
    200.5
    188.8
    178.8

    5 353.3
    5 016.6
    4 642.5
    4 601.7
    4 819.5
    4 810.7
    4 389.3
    3 737.0
    3 560.4
    3 768.8

    1 684.1
    1 511.9
    1 434.6
    1 419.8
    1 448.2
    1 532.1
    1 437.7
    1 222.5
    1 140.8
    1 163.5

    3 167.0
    2 999.1
    2 747.4
    2 729.9
    2 921.3
    2 804.8
    2 489.5
    2 071.9
    1 993.6
    2 145.5

    502.2
    505.6
    460.5
    451.9
    450.0
    473.7
    462.2
    442.6
    426.1
    459.8

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    3 984.5
    3 680.0
    3 370.2
    2 989.7
    2 670.8
    2 449.0
    2 388.1
    2 180.3
    2 019.8
    1 906.1

    363.5
    328.7
    298.4
    253.2
    220.0
    200.2
    190.6
    168.2
    162.3
    158.1

    7.9
    7.3
    6.9
    6.2
    5.6
    5.1
    4.9
    4.6
    4.6
    4.8

    18.7
    18.5
    15.9
    14.0
    13.2
    12.1
    11.2
    9.4
    9.4
    9.4

    172.1
    148.4
    131.8
    102.8
    80.8
    71.7
    68.2
    61.8
    59.7
    58.3

    164.8
    154.5
    143.8
    130.2
    120.3
    111.3
    106.2
    92.4
    88.6
    85.7

    3 621.0
    3 351.3
    3 071.8
    2 736.5
    2 450.9
    2 248.8
    2 197.5
    2 012.1
    1 857.5
    1 747.9

    1 084.9
    984.1
    932.3
    826.6
    721.0
    662.7
    634.7
    576.4
    535.2
    518.9

    2 079.3
    1 930.9
    1 746.6
    1 575.8
    1 442.9
    1 329.3
    1 315.5
    1 219.1
    1 124.8
    1 045.4

    456.8
    436.2
    393.0
    334.1
    286.9
    256.8
    247.4
    216.6
    197.4
    183.6

    1960 ......................................................

    1 887.2

    160.9

    5.1

    9.6

    60.1

    86.1

    1 726.3

    508.6

    1 034.7

    183.0

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1The

    murder and non-negligent homicides that occurred as a result of the events of September 11, 2001 were not included in this table.

    SECTION 13: LAW ENFORCEMENT, COURTS, AND PRISONS

    207

    Table 13-2. Federal Drug Seizures, by Type of Drug, 19902002


    (Pounds; for fiscal years ending in year shown; reflects the combined drug seizure effort of the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Federal
    Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Customs Services, and beginning October 1993 the U.S. Border Patrol within the jurisdiction of the United
    States as well as maritime seizures by the U.S. Coast Guard; based on reports to the federal-wide Drug Seizure System, which eliminates
    duplicate reporting of a seizure involving more than one federal agency.)
    Cannabis
    Year

    Total

    Heroin

    Cocaine
    Total

    Marijuana

    Hashish

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    5 065 661
    2 920 326

    6 841
    4 394

    226 879
    240 002

    2 415 970
    2 678 046

    2 415 777
    2 677 613

    193
    433

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 986 772
    2 665 709
    2 084 882
    1 762 806
    1 737 647
    1 662 562
    1 336 561
    1 046 914
    1 094 165
    920 331

    3 357
    2 538
    3 214
    3 592
    3 014
    3 407
    2 830
    3 516
    2 552
    3 067

    248 938
    291 144
    259 895
    221 375
    283 490
    244 888
    285 230
    244 315
    304 086
    246 318

    2 639 002
    2 372 027
    1 821 773
    1 537 839
    1 451 142
    1 414 267
    1 048 502
    799 083
    787 527
    670 946

    2 615 015
    2 370 269
    1 821 241
    1 536 170
    1 397 976
    1 382 366
    1 047 284
    773 004
    783 479
    499 097

    23 987
    1 758
    532
    1 669
    53 167
    31 902
    1 218
    26 080
    4 048
    171 849

    1990 ......................................................

    745 002

    1 515

    211 828

    531 660

    514 723

    16 937

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    208

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 13-3Series H 971-986. Suicides, 19002001


    (Number, rate per 100,000 resident population; refers only to deaths occurring within the United States.)
    Suicides

    Suicides
    Year

    Year
    Number

    Number

    Rate

    2001 ............................................

    30 622

    10.8

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 1 .........................................
    1993 1 .........................................
    1992 1 .........................................
    1991 ............................................

    29 350
    29 199
    30 600
    30 500
    30 900
    31 300
    32 400
    31 100
    29 800
    30 200

    10.4
    10.7
    11.3
    11.4
    11.6
    11.9
    12.4
    12.1
    11.7
    12.0

    1990 ............................................
    1989 ............................................
    1988 ............................................
    1987 ............................................
    1986 ............................................
    1985 ............................................
    1984 ............................................
    1983 ............................................
    1982 ............................................
    1981 ............................................

    30 900
    30 200
    30 407
    30 796
    30 904
    29 500
    29 286
    28 295
    28 242
    27 596

    12.4
    12.2
    12.4
    12.7
    12.8
    12.3
    11.9
    12.1
    12.2
    12.0

    1980 ............................................
    1979 ............................................
    1978 ............................................
    1977 ............................................
    1976 ............................................
    1975 ............................................
    1974 ............................................
    1973 ............................................
    1972 ............................................
    1971 ............................................

    26 900
    27 206
    27 300
    28 681
    26 934
    27 100
    25 683
    25 118
    25 004
    24 092

    11.9
    12.1
    12.5
    13.3
    12.5
    12.7
    12.1
    12.0
    12.6
    11.7

    1970 ............................................
    1969 ............................................
    1968 ............................................
    1967 ............................................
    1966 ............................................
    1965 ............................................
    1964 ............................................
    1963 ............................................
    1962 ............................................
    1961 ............................................

    23 480
    22 364
    21 372
    21 325
    21 281
    21 507
    20 588
    20 825
    20 207
    18 999

    11.6
    11.1
    10.7
    10.8
    10.9
    11.1
    10.8
    11.0
    10.9
    10.4

    1960 ............................................
    1959 ............................................
    1958 ............................................
    1957 ............................................
    1956 ............................................
    1955 ............................................
    1954 ............................................
    1953 ............................................
    1952 ............................................
    1951 ............................................

    19 041
    18 633
    18 519
    16 632
    16 727
    16 760
    16 356
    15 947
    15 567
    15 909

    10.6
    10.6
    10.7
    9.8
    10.0
    10.2
    10.1
    10.1
    10.0
    10.4

    1950 ............................................
    1949 ............................................
    1948 ............................................
    1947 ............................................
    1946 ............................................
    1945 ............................................
    1944 ............................................
    1943 ............................................
    1942 ............................................
    1941 ............................................

    17 145
    16 993
    16 354
    16 538
    16 152
    14 782
    13 231
    13 725
    16 117
    17 102

    11.4
    11.4
    11.2
    11.5
    11.5
    11.2
    10.0
    10.2
    12.0
    12.8

    1940 ............................................
    1939 ............................................
    1938 ............................................
    1937 ............................................
    1936 ............................................
    1935 ............................................
    1934 ............................................
    1933 ............................................
    1932 ............................................
    1931 ............................................

    18 907
    18 511
    19 802
    19 294
    18 294
    18 214
    18 828
    19 993
    20 646
    19 807

    14.4
    14.1
    15.3
    15.0
    14.3
    14.3
    14.9
    15.9
    17.4
    16.8

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Based

    on a 10 percent sample of deaths. Includes deaths of nonresidents.

    Rate

    1930 ............................................
    1929 ............................................
    1928 ............................................
    1927 ............................................
    1926 ............................................
    1925 ............................................
    1924 ............................................
    1923 ............................................
    1922 ............................................
    1921 ............................................

    18 323
    16 045
    15 390
    14 096
    13 082
    12 209
    11 846
    11 096
    10 876
    10 906

    15.6
    13.9
    13.5
    13.2
    12.6
    12.0
    11.9
    11.5
    11.7
    12.4

    1920 ............................................
    1919 ............................................
    1918 ............................................
    1917 ............................................
    1916 ............................................
    1915 ............................................
    1914 ............................................
    1913 ............................................
    1912 ............................................
    1911 ............................................

    8 790
    9 543
    9 685
    9 157
    9 181
    10 011
    9 802
    8 932
    8 549
    8 612

    10.2
    11.5
    12.3
    13.0
    13.7
    16.2
    16.1
    15.4
    15.6
    16.0

    1910 ............................................
    1909 ............................................
    1908 ............................................
    1907 ............................................
    1906 ............................................
    1905 ............................................
    1904 ............................................
    1903 ............................................
    1902 ............................................
    1901 ............................................

    7 283
    7 061
    6 506
    5 027
    4 323
    2 940
    2 611
    2 371
    2 124
    2 105

    15.3
    16.0
    16.8
    14.5
    12.8
    13.5
    12.2
    11.3
    10.3
    10.4

    1900 ............................................

    2 036

    10.2

    SECTION 13: LAW ENFORCEMENT, COURTS, AND PRISONS

    Table 13-4Series H 987-998. Police


    Officers Killed, 19452001
    (Covers law enforcement officers killed in line of duty.)
    Year

    Total killed

    2001 1 ....................................................

    220

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    135
    107
    142
    132
    112
    133
    141
    129
    130
    124

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    133
    145
    155
    148
    133
    148
    147
    152
    164
    157

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    165
    165
    146
    123
    140
    185
    179
    176
    157
    181

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    146
    125
    123
    123
    99
    83
    88
    88
    78
    71

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    48
    49
    49
    45
    46
    55
    61
    63
    63
    64

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    36
    55
    64
    67
    82
    59

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States:


    2003.
    1The

    72 officers feloniously slain during the events of September 11,


    2001 are included in data for 2001.

    209

    210

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 13-5Series H 1012-1027. Criminal Justice SystemPublic Expenditures, by Level of Government,


    19022001
    (Millions of dollars.)
    All governments
    Year
    Total 1

    Police
    protection

    Federal government

    Judicial
    activities

    Correction

    Total 1

    Police
    protection

    Judicial
    activities

    State government
    Correction

    Total 1

    Police
    protection

    Judicial
    activities

    Local government
    Correction

    Total 1

    Police
    protection

    Judicial
    activities

    Correction

    2001 ...............

    167 113

    72 406

    37 751

    56 956

    30 443

    15 014

    10 230

    5 199

    63 372

    10 497

    14 444

    38 432

    83 377

    50 718

    15 938

    16 721

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............

    155 722
    146 556
    135 899
    129 793
    120 194
    112 868
    103 471
    97 542
    93 777
    87 567

    68 911
    65 364
    60 828
    57 754
    53 007
    48 645
    46 005
    44 037
    41 327
    38 971

    34 298
    32 185
    29 901
    28 529
    26 158
    24 472
    22 602
    21 558
    20 989
    19 298

    52 512
    49 007
    45 170
    43 511
    41 029
    39 752
    34 864
    31 947
    31 461
    29 297

    27 820
    27 392
    22 834
    27 065
    23 344
    22 651
    19 084
    18 591
    17 423
    15 231

    14 002
    14 797
    12 208
    12 518
    10 115
    9 298
    8 059
    8 069
    7 400
    6 725

    8 497
    8 515
    7 462
    10 651
    9 459
    9 184
    8 184
    7 832
    7 377
    6 384

    4 231
    4 080
    3 165
    3 896
    3 766
    4 169
    2 841
    2 690
    2 646
    2 122

    58 166
    57 186
    49 454
    42 353
    39 903
    41 196
    37 161
    34 227
    33 755
    31 484

    9 788
    9 632
    7 996
    6 670
    6 499
    6 451
    6 000
    5 603
    5 593
    5 507

    13 250
    12 875
    10 858
    8 567
    8 110
    8 676
    8 026
    7 820
    7 723
    6 754

    35 129
    34 680
    30 599
    27 117
    25 294
    26 069
    23 135
    20 803
    20 439
    19 223

    78 995
    74 830
    70 831
    66 916
    62 811
    58 933
    55 517
    52 562
    50 115
    47 075

    48 219
    45 593
    43 312
    40 974
    38 227
    35 364
    33 365
    31 733
    29 659
    28 017

    14 842
    14 142
    13 559
    13 079
    12 355
    11 674
    11 023
    10 283
    10 052
    9 418

    15 934
    15 098
    13 960
    12 863
    12 229
    11 895
    11 130
    10 546
    10 404
    9 640

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............

    79 434
    70 949
    65 231
    58 871
    53 500
    48 563
    43 943
    39 680
    35 842
    24 691

    35 923
    32 794
    30 961
    28 768
    26 255
    24 399
    22 686
    20 648
    19 022
    16 822

    17 357
    15 589
    13 971
    12 555
    11 485
    10 629
    9 463
    8 621
    7 771
    ...

    26 154
    22 567
    20 299
    17 549
    15 759
    13 535
    11 794
    10 411
    9 048
    7 869

    12 798
    9 674
    8 851
    7 496
    6 595
    6 416
    5 868
    4 844
    4 458
    2 317

    5 666
    5 307
    4 954
    4 231
    3 643
    3 495
    3 396
    2 815
    2 527
    1 904

    5 398
    2 949
    2 639
    2 271
    2 090
    2 129
    1 785
    1 523
    1 390
    ...

    1 734
    1 418
    1 258
    994
    862
    792
    687
    606
    541
    413

    28 345
    25 269
    22 837
    20 157
    18 556
    16 252
    14 213
    12 785
    11 602
    7 085

    5 163
    4 780
    4 531
    4 067
    3 749
    3 469
    3 173
    2 963
    2 833
    2 241

    5 971
    5 442
    4 886
    4 339
    4 005
    3 636
    3 271
    2 950
    2 748
    ...

    17 211
    15 047
    13 420
    11 691
    10 802
    9 148
    7 768
    6 873
    6 020
    4 844

    43 559
    38 825
    36 098
    33 265
    30 178
    27 462
    25 154
    23 186
    20 968
    15 289

    26 097
    23 672
    22 371
    21 089
    19 356
    17 847
    16 516
    15 276
    14 172
    12 677

    8 676
    7 682
    6 826
    6 230
    5 691
    5 090
    4 627
    4 361
    3 784
    ...

    8 786
    7 471
    6 901
    5 947
    5 132
    4 524
    4 011
    3 548
    3 011
    2 612

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............

    22 064
    26 028
    24 132
    21 574
    19 681
    17 249
    14 954
    12 985
    11 721
    10 517

    15 163
    13 917
    13 120
    11 865
    11 028
    9 786
    8 512
    7 624
    6 903
    6 165

    ...
    5 628
    5 051
    4 267
    3 807
    3 281
    1 708
    1 579
    1 491
    1 358

    6 901
    6 040
    5 523
    4 934
    4 386
    3 843
    3 240
    2 740
    2 422
    2 291

    2 126
    3 379
    3 122
    2 779
    2 450
    2 189
    1 961
    1 629
    1 492
    1 448

    1 739
    2 053
    1 952
    1 765
    1 612
    1 461
    1 222
    1 089
    962
    805

    ...
    876
    746
    616
    472
    429
    136
    118
    179
    134

    387
    354
    337
    299
    256
    217
    215
    171
    133
    121

    6 285
    8 463
    6 888
    5 812
    5 204
    4 612
    3 906
    3 304
    2 948
    2 291

    2 027
    2 150
    1 892
    1 800
    1 696
    1 512
    1 308
    1 132
    903
    932

    ...
    1 318
    1 497
    1 026
    903
    779
    439
    386
    346
    327

    4 258
    3 824
    3 177
    2 847
    2 475
    2 193
    1 813
    1 534
    1 378
    1 387

    13 653
    15 401
    14 322
    12 983
    12 027
    10 449
    9 092
    8 052
    7 281
    6 663

    11 397
    9 882
    9 276
    8 300
    7 720
    6 813
    5 982
    5 403
    4 948
    4 489

    ...
    1 903
    2 809
    2 626
    2 432
    2 073
    1 223
    1 075
    965
    912

    2 256
    2 197
    2 009
    1 788
    1 654
    1 434
    1 213
    1 035
    911
    895

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............

    8 571
    7 340
    6 070
    5 424
    4 903
    4 574
    4 222
    4 009
    3 795
    3 613

    5 081
    4 430
    3 725
    3 331
    3 033
    2 792
    2 586
    2 440
    2 326
    2 210

    1 190
    1 002
    976
    894
    793
    748
    697
    693
    628
    593

    1 706
    1 462
    1 369
    1 199
    1 077
    1 034
    939
    876
    841
    810

    978
    800
    445
    429
    393
    377
    342
    358
    304
    298

    589
    492
    290
    282
    257
    243
    220
    209
    196
    193

    129
    106
    90
    87
    79
    75
    66
    94
    57
    58

    83
    71
    65
    60
    57
    59
    56
    55
    51
    47

    2 134
    1 849
    1 622
    1 381
    1 224
    1 135
    1 042
    960
    902
    849

    689
    621
    541
    441
    385
    348
    315
    297
    276
    261

    282
    236
    209
    193
    175
    155
    141
    127
    118
    109

    1 051
    914
    872
    747
    664
    632
    586
    536
    508
    479

    5 454
    4 691
    4 003
    3 615
    3 286
    3 062
    2 838
    2 691
    2 589
    2 466

    3 803
    3 317
    2 894
    2 609
    2 391
    2 201
    2 051
    1 934
    1 854
    1 756

    779
    660
    677
    614
    539
    518
    490
    472
    453
    426

    572
    477
    432
    392
    356
    343
    297
    285
    282
    284

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............

    3 349
    3 149
    2 861
    2 655
    2 434
    2 231
    2 080
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 030
    1 880
    1 769
    1 624
    1 487
    1 359
    1 254
    1 160
    1 080
    ...

    597
    561
    519
    481
    447
    409
    399
    ...
    ...
    ...

    722
    708
    573
    550
    500
    463
    427
    ...
    365
    ...

    291
    275
    261
    252
    250
    206
    210
    ...
    ...
    ...

    173
    170
    159
    155
    156
    129
    124
    122
    141
    104

    74
    68
    63
    62
    61
    49
    56
    ...
    ...
    ...

    44
    37
    39
    35
    33
    28
    30
    ...
    28
    ...

    769
    733
    671
    584
    526
    475
    446
    418
    386
    365

    245
    228
    214
    179
    159
    139
    130
    119
    106
    97

    99
    92
    87
    77
    72
    68
    66
    61
    57
    53

    425
    413
    370
    328
    295
    268
    250
    238
    223
    215

    2 289
    2 141
    1 929
    1 819
    1 658
    1 550
    1 424
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 612
    1 482
    1 396
    1 290
    1 172
    1 091
    1 000
    919
    833
    ...

    424
    401
    369
    342
    314
    292
    277
    ...
    ...
    ...

    253
    258
    164
    187
    172
    167
    147
    ...
    114
    ...

    1950
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1942

    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    864
    724
    ...
    549
    ...
    497
    444

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    88
    80
    ...
    70
    ...
    83
    50

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    332
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    159
    ...

    85
    65
    ...
    45
    ...
    41
    40

    49
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    35
    ...

    198
    153
    107
    97
    82
    83
    80

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    691
    579
    ...
    434
    ...
    373
    354

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1940
    1938
    1936
    1932

    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    386
    378
    331
    349

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    21
    19
    17
    31

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    34
    30
    19
    15

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    86
    85
    73
    87

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    331
    329
    295
    303

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1927
    1922
    1913
    1902

    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    290
    204
    92
    50

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    20
    14
    3
    0

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    7
    4
    1
    0

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    64
    64
    28
    14

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    263
    186
    88
    50

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Beginning

    1969, legal services and prosecution and indigent defense included in totals.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 13: LAW ENFORCEMENT, COURTS, AND PRISONS

    Table 13-6Series H 1063-1078. U.S. Supreme CourtCases Filed


    and Disposed of During October Terms, 19402001
    Total cases
    Year
    Filed

    Available for argument

    2001 .............................................................

    9 176

    137

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................

    8 965
    8 445
    8 083
    7 692
    7 602
    7 565
    8 100
    7 786
    7 245
    6 770

    138
    124
    124
    138
    140
    145
    136
    145
    166
    196

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................

    6 316
    5 746
    5 657
    5 268
    5 123
    5 158
    5 006
    5 100
    5 079
    5 311

    201
    275
    301
    239
    319
    317
    309
    331
    331
    321

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................

    5 144
    4 781
    4 731
    4 704
    4 731
    4 761
    4 688
    5 079
    4 640
    4 533
    3 405
    3 271
    3 106
    2 752
    2 774
    2 288
    2 294
    2 373
    2 185

    264
    285
    291
    290
    302
    314
    287
    309
    308
    296
    347
    346
    462
    402
    338
    275
    393
    388
    264

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................

    1 940
    1 862
    1 819
    1 639
    1 802
    1 644
    1 397
    1 302
    1 283
    1 234

    282
    249
    275
    323
    266
    246
    196
    170
    193
    197

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................

    1 181
    1 270
    1 465
    1 295
    1 510
    1 316
    1 237
    997
    984
    1 178

    191
    202
    238
    208
    256
    215
    274
    210
    259
    376

    1940 .............................................................

    977

    281

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    211

    212

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 13-7Series H 1097-1111. U.S. District CourtsCivil and Criminal Cases, 19411997
    (Number, for years ending June 30.)
    Civil cases
    Year

    Total cases
    commenced

    Criminal cases
    Total cases
    terminated

    Defendants disposed of
    Cases commenced 1

    Not convicted
    Total

    Imprisonment

    Probation 2

    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    265 200
    272 700
    239 000
    236 000
    228 600
    226 900
    207 700

    249 000
    246 400
    226 100
    228 900
    225 200
    239 600
    211 700

    48 700
    47 100
    44 200
    44 900
    45 700
    47 500
    45 100

    7 500
    8 500
    9 000
    10 000
    9 200
    10 000
    10 000

    54 500
    51 000
    46 300
    51 100
    50 400
    48 400
    46 800

    39 900
    36 500
    31 700
    34 500
    34 200
    31 100
    29 200

    11 900
    11 600
    11 500
    12 800
    12 600
    13 100
    13 800

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    217 900
    233 500
    239 600
    239 000
    254 800
    273 700
    261 500
    241 800
    206 200
    180 600

    213 400
    234 600
    238 100
    237 500
    265 800
    268 600
    241 800
    213 600
    185 500
    172 900

    46 500
    44 900
    43 500
    42 200
    40 400
    38 500
    35 900
    34 900
    31 600
    30 400

    9 800
    10 100
    9 900
    10 200
    9 300
    8 800
    8 400
    7 700
    8 200
    8 300

    46 700
    44 500
    42 900
    43 900
    40 700
    38 500
    36 100
    35 600
    32 300
    29 900

    27 800
    24 900
    22 500
    23 300
    20 600
    18 700
    17 700
    17 900
    15 900
    13 700

    14 200
    15 000
    16 100
    16 000
    15 200
    14 400
    13 900
    14 100
    12 700
    12 200

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    168 800
    154 700
    138 800
    130 600
    130 600
    117 300
    103 500
    98 560
    96 173
    93 396

    155 000
    140 000
    123 200
    115 500
    108 600
    103 800
    96 700
    97 402
    94 256
    85 368

    28 000
    31 500
    34 600
    39 800
    39 100
    41 100
    37 700
    40 367
    47 043
    41 290

    8 000
    8 300
    9 400
    11 700
    11 500
    11 800
    11 800
    11 741
    12 296
    12 512

    28 600
    32 900
    36 500
    41 500
    40 100
    37 400
    36 200
    34 983
    37 220
    32 103

    13 200
    14 600
    17 400
    19 600
    18 500
    17 300
    17 200
    17 540
    16 832
    14 378

    11 100
    13 500
    14 500
    16 100
    18 200
    17 900
    16 600
    15 026
    15 395
    13 243

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    87 321
    77 193
    71 449
    70 961
    70 906
    67 678
    66 930
    63 630
    61 836
    58 293

    80 435
    73 354
    68 873
    70 172
    66 184
    65 478
    63 954
    62 379
    57 996
    55 416

    39 959
    35 413
    32 571
    32 207
    31 494
    33 334
    30 268
    39 920
    37 665
    28 460

    8 178
    5 993
    6 169
    5 191
    4 661
    4 961
    4 211
    5 042
    4 599
    4 046

    28 178
    26 803
    25 674
    26 344
    27 314
    28 757
    29 170
    29 803
    28 511
    28 625

    12 415
    12 847
    12 610
    13 085
    13 282
    13 668
    13 273
    13 639
    14 042
    14 162

    11 387
    9 991
    9 820
    9 435
    10 256
    10 779
    11 634
    12 047
    11 071
    10 714

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    59 284
    57 800
    67 115
    62 380
    62 394
    59 375
    59 461
    64 001
    58 428
    51 600

    61 829
    62 172
    61 285
    63 568
    67 700
    58 974
    59 903
    57 490
    53 150
    52 119

    28 137
    28 729
    28 897
    28 120
    28 739
    35 310
    41 808
    37 291
    37 950
    38 670

    3 784
    3 696
    3 661
    3 471
    4 244
    5 135
    4 848
    4 289
    3 834
    4 066

    26 728
    27 033
    26 808
    26 254
    27 567
    33 855
    38 141
    33 473
    34 788
    37 000

    13 433
    13 648
    13 288
    12 986
    12 854
    16 889
    18 483
    15 637
    15 379
    14 963

    10 391
    10 726
    10 903
    10 760
    11 759
    14 021
    16 856
    15 118
    17 018
    19 271

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    54 622
    53 421
    46 725
    58 956
    67 835
    60 965
    38 499
    36 789
    38 140
    38 477

    53 259
    48 396
    48 791
    54 515
    61 000
    52 300
    37 086
    36 044
    38 352
    38 561

    36 383
    34 432
    32 097
    33 652
    33 203
    39 429
    39 621
    36 588
    33 294
    31 823

    4 173
    4 190
    4 862
    5 527
    6 597
    7 536
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    33 502
    32 074
    29 380
    31 108
    29 885
    34 117
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    14 435
    14 204
    12 961
    14 375
    14 353
    16 311
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    16 046
    14 690
    13 422
    12 612
    11 446
    13 153
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Excludes transfers.
    2Includes probation and

    . . . = Not available.

    suspended sentence.

    SECTION 13: LAW ENFORCEMENT, COURTS, AND PRISONS

    Table 13-8Series H 1119-1124. Juvenile CourtCases Handled,


    19402000
    (Number in thousands, rate per 100,000 population.)
    Delinquency cases, 10 to 17 years old
    Year
    Total 1

    Rate

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................

    1 612
    1 667
    1 743
    1 811
    1 796
    1 768
    1 666
    1 522
    1 482
    1 414

    52.5
    55.5
    56.8
    61.7
    62.0
    61.9
    59.4
    55.3
    55.2
    54.0

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................

    1 317
    1 189
    1 151
    1 145
    1 150
    1 112
    1 034
    1 030
    1 073
    1 100

    51.4
    47.0
    45.2
    44.5
    44.2
    42.2
    38.7
    38.3
    39.1
    39.1

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................

    1 093
    1 048
    1 023
    1 076
    1 077
    1 050
    1 252
    1 143
    1 112
    1 125

    38.3
    36.2
    34.6
    35.8
    35.1
    33.8
    37.5
    34.2
    33.6
    34.1

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................

    1 052
    989
    900
    811
    745
    697
    686
    601
    555
    503

    32.3
    30.7
    28.5
    26.3
    24.7
    23.6
    23.5
    21.4
    20.6
    19.3

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................

    510
    483
    470
    440
    520
    431
    395
    374
    332
    298

    20.1
    19.6
    20.0
    19.8
    25.2
    21.4
    20.2
    19.7
    18.2
    16.8

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................
    .............................................................

    280
    272
    254
    262
    295
    344
    330
    344
    250
    224

    16.1
    15.6
    14.9
    15.1
    16.9
    19.6
    18.6
    18.7
    13.4
    11.8

    1940 .............................................................

    200

    10.5

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1For

    19401956, includes traffic cases.

    213

    214

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 13-9Series H 1135-1143. Federal and State Prisoners by Jurisdicition and Sex, 19252001
    (Prisoners under jurisdiction of state and federal authorities; inmates sentenced to maximum term of more than one year.)
    Prisoners present (at end of year)
    Year
    Rate 1

    Total

    Federal institutions

    State institutions

    Male

    Female

    2001 ......................................................

    1 345 842

    474

    136 569

    1 209 273

    1 260 603

    85 239

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 331 278
    1 304 074
    1 245 402
    1 195 498
    1 137 722
    1 085 022
    1 016 691
    932 074
    846 277
    789 610

    470
    476
    461
    445
    427
    411
    389
    359
    332
    313

    126 955
    114 275
    103 682
    94 987
    88 815
    83 663
    79 795
    74 399
    65 706
    56 696

    1 204 323
    1 189 799
    1 141 720
    1 100 511
    1 048 907
    1 001 359
    936 896
    857 675
    780 571
    732 914

    1 246 234
    1 221 611
    1 167 802
    1 121 663
    1 068 123
    1 021 059
    956 566
    878 037
    799 776
    745 808

    85 044
    82 463
    77 600
    73 835
    69 599
    63 963
    60 125
    54 037
    46 501
    43 802

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    739 980
    680 907
    603 732
    560 812
    522 084
    480 568
    443 398
    419 346
    395 516
    353 673

    297
    276
    247
    231
    217
    202
    188
    179
    171
    154

    50 403
    47 168
    42 738
    39 523
    36 531
    32 695
    27 602
    26 331
    23 652
    22 169

    689 577
    633 739
    560 994
    521 289
    485 553
    447 873
    415 796
    393 015
    371 864
    331 504

    699 416
    643 643
    573 587
    533 990
    497 540
    459 223
    424 193
    401 870
    379 075
    339 375

    40 564
    37 264
    30 145
    26 822
    24 544
    21 345
    19 205
    17 476
    16 441
    14 298

    1980 ......................................................
    1979 ......................................................
    1978 ......................................................
    1977 2 ....................................................
    1977 3 ....................................................
    1976 ......................................................
    1975 ......................................................
    1974 ......................................................
    1973 ......................................................
    1972 ......................................................
    1971 ......................................................

    315 974
    301 470
    294 396
    285 456
    278 141
    262 833
    240 593
    218 466
    204 211
    196 092
    198 061

    139
    133
    132
    129
    126
    120
    111
    102
    96
    93
    95

    20 611
    22 588
    26 391
    28 650
    28 650
    26 980
    24 131
    22 361
    22 815
    21 713
    20 948

    295 363
    278 882
    268 005
    256 806
    249 491
    235 853
    216 462
    196 105
    181 396
    174 470
    177 113

    303 643
    289 465
    282 813
    274 244
    267 097
    252 794
    231 918
    211 077
    197 523
    189 823
    191 732

    12 331
    12 005
    11 583
    11 212
    11 044
    10 039
    8 675
    7 389
    6 004
    6 269
    6 329

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    196 429
    196 007
    187 914
    194 896
    199 654
    210 895
    214 336
    217 283
    218 830
    220 149

    96
    97
    94
    98
    102
    108
    111
    114
    117
    119

    20 038
    19 623
    19 703
    19 579
    19 245
    21 040
    21 709
    23 128
    23 944
    23 696

    176 391
    176 384
    168 211
    175 317
    180 409
    189 855
    192 627
    194 155
    194 886
    196 453

    190 794
    189 413
    182 102
    188 661
    192 703
    203 327
    206 632
    209 538
    210 823
    212 268

    5 635
    6 594
    5 812
    6 235
    6 951
    7 568
    7 704
    7 745
    8 007
    7 881

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    212 953
    208 105
    205 643
    195 414
    189 565
    185 780
    182 901
    173 579
    168 233
    165 680

    117
    117
    117
    113
    112
    112
    112
    108
    107
    107

    23 218
    22 492
    21 549
    20 420
    20 134
    20 088
    20 003
    19 363
    18 014
    17 395

    189 739
    184 954
    183 944
    174 836
    169 287
    165 692
    162 845
    154 184
    150 186
    148 245

    205 265
    200 469
    198 208
    188 113
    182 190
    178 655
    175 907
    166 909
    161 994
    159 610

    7 688
    7 636
    7 435
    7 301
    7 375
    7 125
    6 994
    6 670
    6 239
    6 070

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    166 123
    163 749
    155 977
    151 304
    140 079
    133 649
    132 456
    137 220
    150 384
    165 439

    109
    109
    106
    105
    99
    98
    100
    103
    112
    124

    17 134
    16 868
    16 328
    17 146
    17 622
    18 638
    18 139
    16 113
    16 623
    18 465

    148 989
    146 881
    139 649
    134 158
    122 457
    115 011
    114 317
    121 107
    133 761
    146 974

    160 309
    157 663
    149 739
    144 961
    134 075
    127 609
    126 350
    131 054
    144 167
    159 228

    5 814
    6 086
    6 238
    6 343
    6 004
    6 040
    6 106
    6 166
    6 217
    6 211

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    173 706
    179 818
    160 285
    152 741
    145 038
    144 180
    138 316
    136 810
    137 997
    137 082

    131
    137
    123
    118
    113
    113
    109
    109
    110
    110

    19 260
    19 730
    17 083
    15 309
    15 373
    14 777
    12 080
    10 851
    12 282
    12 964

    154 446
    160 088
    142 299
    134 048
    128 200
    129 888
    126 140
    126 096
    124 901
    124 118

    167 345
    173 143
    154 826
    147 375
    139 990
    139 278
    133 769
    132 520
    133 573
    132 638

    6 361
    6 675
    5 459
    5 366
    5 048
    4 902
    4 547
    4 290
    4 424
    4 444

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    129 453
    120 496
    116 390
    109 983
    97 991
    91 669

    104
    98
    96
    91
    83
    79

    12 181
    12 964
    8 204
    7 722
    6 803
    ...

    115 314
    107 532
    108 422
    98 795
    89 322
    ...

    124 785
    115 876
    111 836
    104 983
    94 287
    88 231

    4 668
    4 620
    4 554
    4 363
    3 704
    3 438

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Rate per 100,000 estimated
    2Jurisdiction counts.
    3Custody counts.

    . . . = Not available.

    population.

    SECTION 13: LAW ENFORCEMENT, COURTS, AND PRISONS

    215

    Table 13-10. Adults on Probation, in Jail or Prison, or on Parole, 19802001


    (As of December 31, except jail counts as of June 30.)
    Year

    Total 1

    Probation

    Jail

    Prison

    Parole

    Male

    Female

    2001, est. ...............................................

    6 585 200

    3 932 751

    623 628

    1 330 980

    731 147

    ...

    ...

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6 437 500
    6 331 300
    6 126 100
    5 725 800
    5 482 700
    5 335 100
    5 141 300
    4 944 000
    4 762 600
    4 535 600

    3 826 209
    3 779 922
    3 670 441
    3 296 513
    3 164 996
    3 077 861
    2 981 022
    2 903 061
    2 811 611
    2 728 472

    613 534
    596 485
    584 372
    557 974
    510 400
    499 300
    479 800
    455 500
    441 781
    424 129

    1 316 333
    1 287 172
    1 224 469
    1 176 564
    1 127 528
    1 078 542
    990 147
    909 381
    850 566
    792 535

    723 898
    714 457
    696 385
    694 787
    679 733
    679 421
    690 371
    676 100
    658 601
    590 442

    ...
    ...
    ...
    4 825 300
    4 629 900
    4 546 400
    4 377 400
    4 215 800
    4 050 300
    3 913 000

    ...
    ...
    ...
    900 500
    852 800
    828 100
    763 900
    728 200
    712 300
    622 600

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4 348 000
    4 055 600
    3 714 100
    3 459 600
    3 239 400
    3 011 400
    2 689 200
    2 475 100
    2 192 600
    2 006 600

    2 670 234
    2 522 125
    2 356 483
    2 247 158
    2 114 621
    1 968 712
    1 740 948
    1 582 947
    1 357 264
    1 225 934

    403 019
    393 303
    341 893
    294 092
    272 735
    254 986
    233 018
    221 815
    207 853
    2195 085

    743 382
    683 367
    607 766
    562 814
    526 436
    487 593
    448 264
    423 898
    402 914
    360 029

    531 407
    456 803
    407 977
    355 505
    325 638
    300 203
    266 992
    246 440
    224 604
    225 539

    3 746 300
    3 501 600
    3 223 000
    3 021 000
    2 829 100
    2 606 000
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    601 700
    554 000
    491 100
    438 600
    410 300
    405 500
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1980 ......................................................

    1 840 400

    1 118 097

    2182

    319 598

    220 438

    ...

    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Totals may
    2Estimated.

    not add due to individuals having multiple correctional statuses.

    . . . = Not available.

    288

    216

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 13-11Series H 1155-1167. Prisoners Executed Under Civil


    Authority, by Race, 19302002
    (Prior to 1960, excludes Alaska and Hawaii except for three federal executions in Alaska: 1939,
    1948, and 1950.)
    All offenses
    Year
    Total

    White

    Black

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    71
    66

    53
    48

    18
    17

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    85
    98
    68
    74
    45
    56
    31
    38
    31
    14

    48
    61
    48
    45
    31
    33
    20
    23
    19
    7

    36
    33
    18
    27
    14
    22
    11
    14
    11
    7

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    23
    16
    11
    25
    18
    18
    21
    5
    2
    1

    16
    8
    6
    13
    11
    11
    13
    4
    1
    1

    7
    8
    5
    12
    7
    7
    8
    1
    1
    -

    19711980 ............................................

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2
    1
    7
    15
    21
    47
    42

    1
    1
    6
    8
    13
    28
    20

    1
    1
    7
    8
    19
    22

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    56
    49
    49
    65
    65
    76
    81
    62
    83
    105

    21
    16
    20
    34
    21
    44
    38
    30
    36
    57

    35
    33
    28
    31
    43
    32
    42
    31
    47
    47

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    82
    119
    119
    153
    131
    117
    120
    131
    147
    123

    40
    50
    35
    42
    46
    41
    47
    54
    67
    59

    42
    67
    82
    111
    84
    75
    70
    74
    80
    63

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    124
    160
    190
    147
    195
    199
    168
    160
    140
    153

    49
    80
    96
    69
    92
    119
    65
    77
    62
    77

    75
    77
    92
    74
    101
    77
    102
    81
    75
    72

    1930 ......................................................

    155

    90

    65

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    - = Quantity zero.

    SECTION 13: LAW ENFORCEMENT, COURTS, AND PRISONS

    217

    Table 13-12. Federal Prosecutions of Public Corruption, 19802001


    (Number; as of December 31; prosecution of persons who have corrupted public office in violation of Federal Criminal Statutes.)
    Total 1
    Year
    Indicted

    Convicted

    Federal officials
    Awaiting
    trial

    Indicted

    Convicted

    State officials
    Awaiting
    trial

    Indicted

    Convicted

    Local officials
    Awaiting
    trial

    Indicted

    Convicted

    Awaiting
    trial

    2001 ......................................................

    1 087

    920

    437

    502

    414

    131

    95

    61

    75

    224

    184

    110

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 000
    1 134
    1 174
    1 057
    984
    1 051
    1 165
    1 371
    1 189
    1 452

    938
    1 065
    1 014
    853
    902
    878
    969
    1 362
    1 081
    1 194

    327
    329
    340
    327
    244
    323
    332
    403
    380
    346

    441
    480
    442
    459
    456
    527
    571
    627
    624
    803

    422
    460
    414
    392
    459
    438
    488
    595
    532
    665

    92
    101
    85
    83
    64
    120
    124
    133
    139
    149

    92
    115
    91
    51
    109
    61
    99
    113
    84
    115

    91
    80
    58
    49
    83
    61
    97
    133
    92
    77

    37
    44
    37
    20
    40
    23
    17
    39
    24
    42

    211
    237
    277
    255
    219
    236
    248
    309
    232
    242

    183
    219
    264
    169
    190
    191
    202
    272
    211
    180

    89
    95
    90
    118
    60
    89
    96
    132
    91
    88

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1985

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 176
    1 348
    1 274
    1 276
    1 157

    1 084
    1 149
    1 067
    1 081
    997

    300
    375
    288
    368
    256

    615
    695
    629
    651
    563

    583
    610
    529
    545
    470

    103
    126
    86
    118
    90

    96
    71
    66
    102
    79

    79
    54
    69
    76
    66

    28
    18
    14
    26
    20

    257
    269
    276
    246
    248

    225
    201
    229
    204
    221

    98
    122
    79
    89
    49

    1980 ......................................................

    727

    602

    213

    123

    131

    16

    72

    51

    28

    247

    168

    82

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes

    individuals who are neither public officials nor employees but who were involved with public officials or employees in violating the law, not shown separately.

    SECTION

    14

    ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT,
    RECREATION, AND TRAVEL

    220

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 14

    ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT,
    RECREATION, AND
    TRAVEL
    Highlights

    Travel Between the United States and Foreign Countries, 19742001


    90

    90
    80
    70

    70

    60

    60

    50

    50

    40

    40

    30

    30

    20

    20

    10

    10

    0
    1974

    1979

    1984

    1989

    1994

    Billions of dollars

    Millions of visitors

    80

    Overseas travelers
    Visitors
    Expenditures abroad
    Receipts

    2001

    Year

    Statistics on recreation have not been generally


    compiled and published systematically. One major difficulty is in defining the term recreation. Another difficulty is that even the compiled data remain in the files
    of the collecting agency. The National Park Service is
    the most dependable source. Since 1850, it has administered the large areas set aside for recreational purposes
    by Congress or by executive order. These include
    National Parks, National Seashores, National
    Monuments, National Historical and Military Areas, and
    National Parkways. Data on municipal parks and state
    parks come from the National Recreation and Park
    Association and data on national forests from the
    Forest Service.

    In 2001, the National Park System included


    78,943,000 acres, of which national parks accounted for
    49,862,000 acres. The system had 279.9 million visitors
    who stayed an average of 15.3 nights.

    In 2001, per capita annual expenditure $1,953 on


    entertainment of all kinds, of which $141 on published
    materials. Motion pictures generated $69.4 billion in
    revenues.

    In 2000, there were 37,024 libraries of all kinds in


    the United States, including 9,480 public libraries, 4,777

    SECTION 14: ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT, RECREATION, AND TRAVEL

    academic libraries, 9,948 special libraries, and 1,411 government libraries. With over 14 million volumes,
    Harvard University has the largest university library.

    In 2002, consumers spent $12.6 billion on sound


    recordings (compared with $7.5 billion in 1990). Rock
    was the most popular genre, accounting for $24.7 billion, followed by rap ($13.8 billion), rhythm and blues
    ($11.7 billion), country ($10.7 billion), pop ($9.0 billion),
    religious ($6.7 billion), jazz ($3.2), and classical ($3.1
    billion).

    In 2001, there were 34.1 million anglers, 13.0 million hunters, and 66.1 million wildlife watchers.

    Attendance at major league baseball in 2001 was


    73.9 million, with nearly 7 million more attending at
    National League games compared with the American
    League. The average salary of a major league baseball
    player was $2.139 million compared with $371,000 in
    1985.

    In 2001, there were 29 professional basketball


    teams and 937 NCAA mens and 958 womens college
    teams. Total attendance at professional basketball
    games was 21.436 million. The average professional
    players salary was $3.6 million in 2000, compared with
    $325,000 in 1985.

    In 1997, there were 31 professional football teams


    and 608 college teams. The average professional players
    salary was $986,000 in 2001 compared with $217,000 in
    1985.

    10
    Horse racing has lost much of its popularity in
    the 1990s. Horse racing days declined from 13,745 in
    1985 to 11,380 in 1998 and attendance dropped from
    73.346 million to 37.728 million in 1998. However, a
    parimutuel turnover showed an upturn from $12.22 billion to $15.56 billion.

    11
    In 2001, there were 15,689 golf courses in the
    United States catering to 27.4 million golfers. Of the
    total number of golf courses, 4,313 were private.

    12
    In 1997, there were 245,000 tennis courts serving
    19.5 million players.

    221

    13
    In 2001, there were 123,000 bowling lanes serving 55.4 million participants. More men (28.2 million)
    bowl than women (27.2 million).

    14
    In 2001, there were 37,000 motion picture theaters in the United States attended by 1.49 billion people. Total box-office receipts were $8.4 billion. The average admission price increased from $3.55 in 1985 to
    $5.60 in 2001.

    15
    In 2001, there were 17.192 million boats, and
    retail expenditures on boating were $28.5 billion.
    16
    Sales of sporting goods reached $73.485 billion
    in 2001. Of this, athletic and sport clothing accounted
    for $11.068 billion, and athletic and sport footwear
    accounted for $13.275 billion.

    17
    Sales of bicycles and related supplies increased
    from $2.4 billion in 1990 to $4.7 billion in 2001.
    18
    The most popular participatory arts and crafts
    activity as of 2002 are weaving (16 percent), photography (12 percent), drawing (9 percent), pottery (7 percent), and creative writing (7 percent).

    19
    In 2001, there were 28 new theatrical productions attended by 11.9 million persons that grossed $666
    million in ticket sales. Broadway road tours were
    attended by 11.0 million people and grossed $541 million. There were 363 nonprofit professional theaters
    whose 4,787 productions and 81,828 performances were
    attended by 21.1 million people.

    20
    In 2001, there were 96 professional opera companies whose 2,031 performances were attended by 6.5
    million people.

    21
    In 2001, symphony orchestras staged 36,437 performances attended by 31.5 million people and grossed
    $774.7 million in revenues.

    22
    As of 2001, the 10 most popular sports activities
    are exercise walking, swimming, camping, exercising
    with equipment, bowling, fishing (fresh water), bicycle
    riding, billiards, basketball, and golf. More women than

    222

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    men exercise by walking, swim, and exercise with equipment. More men than women camp, bowl, and fish.

    23
    Information on travel is compiled annually by
    the Bureau of Economic Analysis and published periodically in the Survey of Current Business. Statistics on
    arrivals in the United States are reported by the U.S.
    Travel and Tourism Administration, while those on
    departures are reported in International Air Travel
    Statistics. Data on domestic travel are published by the
    Travel Data Center.

    24
    In 2001, there were 44.9 million foreign visitors
    to the United States generating $91.126 billion. That
    year 58.0 million Americans visited foreign countries,
    spending $82.535 billion.

    25
    Of Americans visiting foreign countries, 15.6
    million went to Canada, 17.2 million to Mexico, and 11.4
    million to Europe. Of foreign travelers to the United
    States, half came from Canada and Mexico (23.1 million), and 21.8 million came from Europe.

    26
    Domestic travel generated $490.3 billion in
    2000. The states with the largest internal tourism revenues were California ($63.8 billion, or 13 percent),
    Florida ($41.7 billion), Texas ($32.3 billion), New York
    ($29.3 billion), and Illinois ($21.9 billion).

    SECTION 14: ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT, RECREATION, AND TRAVEL

    223

    Table 14-1Series H 806-828. National Parks, Monuments, and Allied AreasArea and Visits, 18502001
    (Thousands of acres, number in thousands; for years ending Sept. 30 prior to 1941; thereafter, for years ending Dec. 31, or as of Jan. 1 of the
    following year; includes areas in Alaska, Hawaii, Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico.)
    Total, enumerated areas 1
    Year

    Area
    (thousand acres)

    National parks

    Visits 2

    Area
    (thousand acres)

    National
    monuments visits

    Visits 2

    National historical
    and military areas 3
    visits

    National parkways
    visits

    2001 ......................................................

    78 943

    279 900

    49 862

    64 100

    21 800

    66 700

    34 400

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    78 153
    78 166
    77 654
    77 457
    77 458
    77 355
    74 905
    75 515
    76 492
    76 607

    285 900
    287 100
    286 700
    275 300
    265 800
    269 600
    268 600
    273 100
    274 700
    267 800

    49 785
    49 859
    49 416
    49 384
    49 315
    49 307
    48 111
    45 521
    46 208
    46 135

    66 100
    64 300
    64 500
    65 300
    63 100
    64 800
    63 000
    59 800
    58 700
    57 400

    23 800
    24 300
    23 600
    24 100
    23 600
    23 500
    23 600
    26 500
    26 600
    25 800

    72 200
    72 600
    74 200
    63 000
    59 000
    56 900
    59 500
    61 900
    63 300
    61 000

    34 000
    34 600
    32 800
    31 600
    30 900
    31 300
    29 300
    30 400
    30 700
    28 800

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    76 362
    76 331
    76 176
    75 970
    75 863
    75 749
    74 913
    74 846
    74 800
    73 665

    258 700
    269 400
    282 500
    287 200
    281 100
    263 400
    248 600
    243 600
    244 100
    329 700

    46 089
    46 081
    45 985
    45 875
    45 791
    45 739
    45 454
    45 427
    45 414
    44 470

    57 700
    57 400
    56 400
    56 600
    53 500
    50 000
    49 700
    50 000
    49 600
    63 300

    23 900
    23 700
    23 200
    23 500
    21 200
    15 900
    15 800
    16 200
    16 200
    17 100

    57 500
    63 900
    61 200
    68 600
    65 500
    61 900
    63 600
    57 300
    62 300
    95 000

    29 100
    31 200
    42 000
    39 300
    41 600
    40 000
    37 900
    37 700
    36 100
    43 800

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    70 936
    70 797
    70 541
    29 571
    29 389
    29 091
    29 031
    29 117
    28 878
    28 731

    300 300
    282 400
    283 100
    262 600
    267 700
    238 800
    217 400
    215 600
    211 600
    200 543

    15 801
    15 684
    15 679
    15 374
    15 365
    15 344
    14 777
    14 740
    14 730
    14 470

    60 200
    57 500
    62 900
    62 000
    60 600
    58 800
    53 100
    54 700
    54 400
    49 115

    16 300
    16 800
    19 100
    18 500
    19 300
    17 300
    15 200
    16 300
    16 300
    15 913

    88 500
    83 900
    88 400
    85 500
    82 800
    75 700
    72 900
    71 600
    72 600
    75 182

    40 200
    35 000
    37 700
    36 200
    30 900
    36 000
    18 100
    13 000
    30 900
    27 671

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    28 543
    28 460
    27 971
    27 187
    26 551
    26 549
    26 102
    25 869
    26 003
    25 958

    172 005
    163 990
    150 836
    139 676
    133 081
    121 312
    111 386
    102 711
    97 045
    86 663

    14 307
    14 275
    14 212
    13 664
    13 628
    13 619
    13 566
    13 338
    13 333
    13 211

    879
    42 519
    42 515
    39 641
    38 556
    36 566
    34 047
    33 438
    32 191
    27 906

    17 304
    14 610
    14 206
    13 741
    13 144
    12 286
    12 164
    11 676
    11 752
    10 922

    46 593
    47 052
    43 838
    40 403
    43 030
    39 022
    34 847
    30 786
    27 958
    26 356

    27 818
    26 678
    23 919
    21 130
    15 925
    12 977
    11 478
    12 523
    11 835
    9 733

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    25 704
    24 497
    24 398
    24 410
    24 398
    23 924
    23 908
    23 902
    23 840
    23 702

    79 229
    68 901
    65 461
    68 016
    61 602
    56 573
    54 210
    52 268
    47 379
    37 106

    13 208
    13 205
    13 106
    13 136
    13 131
    12 670
    12 641
    12 640
    12 589
    12 557

    26 630
    22 392
    21 672
    20 903
    20 055
    18 830
    17 969
    17 372
    17 143
    15 079

    10 738
    10 696
    9 734
    9 351
    8 769
    7 953
    7 805
    7 540
    6 807
    6 187

    21 820
    15 437
    14 076
    15 582
    13 543
    12 605
    12 587
    12 593
    11 979
    10 590

    8 983
    8 952
    8 131
    7 890
    7 438
    6 700
    6 067
    5 693
    3 558
    2 449

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    23 836
    22 976
    22 955
    22 824
    22 424
    22 126
    22 107
    21 061
    20 886
    20 817

    33 253
    31 736
    29 859
    25 534
    21 752
    11 714
    8 340
    6 828
    9 371
    21 237

    12 222
    11 420
    11 347
    11 347
    11 062
    11 061
    11 055
    10 303
    10 300
    10 285

    13 919
    12 968
    11 293
    10 674
    8 991
    4 538
    2 646
    2 054
    3 815
    8 459

    5 310
    4 923
    4 438
    4 027
    3 603
    2 512
    1 851
    1 578
    1 832
    3 745

    9 476
    8 778
    7 849
    7 575
    6 734
    3 694
    3 310
    2 851
    3 130
    7 292

    1 996
    1 422
    1 510
    1 247
    1 262
    383
    268
    131
    256
    896

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    20 762
    19 892
    18 647
    16 537
    15 433
    15 115
    15 244
    15 140
    12 968
    12 523

    16 755
    15 531
    16 331
    15 133
    11 990
    7 676
    6 337
    3 482
    3 755
    3 545

    10 258
    9 459
    9 409
    8 750
    8 692
    8 486
    8 532
    8 435
    8 417
    8 027

    7 358
    6 854
    6 619
    6 705
    5 791
    4 056
    3 517
    2 867
    2 949
    3 153

    2 817
    2 592
    2 364
    1 966
    1 681
    1 332
    1 386
    523
    406
    392

    5 924
    5 472
    6 784
    6 073
    4 518
    2 288
    1 434
    91
    400
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    445

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Not

    the same as the "national park system." Definition of the national park system has changed from time to time. For 18501962, "total enumerated areas" are merely totals of the other items
    listed; thereafter, totals include other national parks and allied areas not shown separately, as follows (as of year end or Jan. 1 of the following year): 1970, 16 areas, 100 thousand acres and
    4,742 visits; 1969, 13 areas, 94 thousand acres, and 2,415 thousand visits; 1968, 14 areas, 128 thousand acres and 1,790 thousand visits; 1967, 10 areas, 48 thousand acres and 2,393
    thousand visits; 1966, 10 areas, 23 thousand acres and 2,296 thousand visits; 1965, 1 area, 18 acres and 1,673 thousand visits; 1964, 1 area, 18 acres and 1,840 thousand visits; 1963, 1 area,
    18 acres and no reported visits.
    2Beginning 1964, includes visits to the White House.
    3Includes national historical parks, national military parks, national battlefields, national battlefield parks, national battlefield sites, national cemeteries, national historic sties, national memorials,
    and one national memorial park. Does not include historical areas established under the Antiquities Act of 1906 and designated national monuments, nor the White House.
    4Includes visits to two National Recreation Areas adjacent to North Cascades National Park.
    . . . = Not available.

    224

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 14-1Series H 806-828. National Parks, Monuments, and Allied AreasArea and Visits, 18502001
    Continued
    (Thousands of acres, number in thousands; for years ending Sept. 30 prior to 1941; thereafter, for years ending Dec. 31, or as of Jan. 1 of the
    following year; includes areas in Alaska, Hawaii, Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico.)
    Total, enumerated areas 1
    Year

    Area
    (thousand acres)

    National parks
    Area
    (thousand acres)

    Visits 2

    National
    monuments visits

    Visits 2

    National historical
    and military areas 3
    visits

    National parkways
    visits

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    10 581
    10 538
    10 359
    10 320
    10 249
    9 987
    8 813
    8 790
    8 781
    8 452

    3 247
    3 248
    3 025
    2 798
    2 315
    2 055
    1 671
    1 494
    1 216
    1 172

    7 797
    7 755
    7 581
    7 570
    7 501
    7 286
    7 278
    7 278
    7 278
    6 950

    2 775
    2 757
    2 569
    2 381
    1 942
    1 762
    1 424
    1 281
    1 045
    1 007

    472
    491
    456
    417
    373
    292
    247
    213
    172
    164

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    8 452
    8 372
    7 554
    7 491
    5 984
    5 880
    5 986
    5 984
    5 977
    5 978

    1 058
    811
    455
    491
    358
    335
    240
    252
    230
    224

    6 950
    6 873
    6 255
    6 254
    4 742
    4 666
    4 437
    4 437
    4 431
    4 431

    920
    757
    452
    488
    356
    335
    240
    252
    229
    224

    139
    54
    3
    2
    2
    1
    1
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    5 998
    5 013
    4 363
    3 547
    3 265
    3 471
    3 471
    3 470
    3 459
    3 300

    199
    86
    69
    61
    31
    141
    121
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4 431
    3 449
    3 449
    3 444
    3 251
    3 457
    3 457
    3 456
    3 445
    3 286

    199
    86
    69
    61
    31
    141
    121
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    3 300
    3 300
    3 287
    3 287
    3 287
    3 287
    3 058
    3 058
    3 058
    3 058

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3 286
    3 286
    3 274
    3 274
    3 274
    3 274
    3 052
    3 052
    3 052
    3 051

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1890 ......................................................

    2 889

    ...

    2 889

    ...

    ...

    ...

    ...

    18721889 5 ..........................................

    1 921

    ...

    1 921

    ...

    ...

    ...

    ...

    18501871 6 ..........................................

    ...

    ...

    ...

    ...

    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Not

    the same as the "national park system." Definition of the national park system has changed from time to time. For 18501962, "total enumerated areas" are merely totals of the other items
    listed; thereafter, totals include other national parks and allied areas not shown separately, as follows (as of year end or Jan. 1 of the following year): 1970, 16 areas, 100 thousand acres and
    4,742 visits; 1969, 13 areas, 94 thousand acres, and 2,415 thousand visits; 1968, 14 areas, 128 thousand acres and 1,790 thousand visits; 1967, 10 areas, 48 thousand acres and 2,393
    thousand visits; 1966, 10 areas, 23 thousand acres and 2,296 thousand visits; 1965, 1 area, 18 acres and 1,673 thousand visits; 1964, 1 area, 18 acres and 1,840 thousand visits; 1963, 1 area,
    18 acres and no reported visits.
    2Beginning 1964, includes visits to the White House.
    3Includes national historical parks, national military parks, national battlefields, national battlefield parks, national battlefield sites, national cemeteries, national historic sties, national memorials,
    and one national memorial park. Does not include historical areas established under the Antiquities Act of 1906 and designated national monuments, nor the White House.
    5Yellowstone National Park, the first national park, established 1872.
    6Hot Springs Reservation set aside by the federal government in 1832 and established as a national park in 1921. Initial federal acreage was much greater than indicated, but over a period of
    years was subdivided into tracts and sold, some 900-odd acres being permanently reserved to the federal government. These series begin with 1850, the first year following the establishment of
    the Department of the Interior.
    . . . = Not available.
    Z = Less than 500.

    SECTION 14: ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT, RECREATION, AND TRAVEL

    Table 14-2Series H 836-848. State ParksAcreage, Expenditures,


    and Attendance, 19392002
    Year

    Acreage 1
    (thousand acres)

    Expenditures
    (thousand dollars)

    Attendance
    (thousand visitors)

    2002 ...............................................................
    2001 ...............................................................

    13 162
    13 030

    1 886 201
    1 774 085

    758 216
    766 021

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................

    12 807
    12 916
    ...
    12 484
    12 318
    11 807
    ...
    ...
    11 831
    11 148

    1 629 594
    1 499 687
    ...
    1 322 991
    1 283 839
    1 245 779
    ...
    ...
    1 086 631
    1 094 573

    786 610
    766 842
    ...
    783 400
    747 812
    745 602
    ...
    ...
    724 805
    736 897

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................

    11 238
    11 061
    10 820
    13 752
    13 726
    10 128
    10 148
    9 936
    9 912
    9 326

    1 060 158
    981 760
    903 426
    848 290
    799 851
    101 500
    892 000
    838 000
    888 000
    968 000

    722 819
    762 842
    710 342
    694 432
    675 465
    661 916
    665 524
    644 843
    631 031
    618 080

    1980 ...............................................................
    1979 ...............................................................
    1975 ...............................................................

    9 468
    9 411
    9 838

    993 000
    1 078 000
    649 000

    548 912
    609 010
    566 000

    1970
    1967
    1962
    1961

    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................

    8 555
    7 352
    5 763
    5 799

    386 752
    279 520
    108 881
    110 101

    482 536
    391 063
    284 795
    273 484

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................

    5 602
    5 681
    5 406
    5 248
    5 165
    5 086
    5 005
    4 876
    4 928
    4 877

    87 373
    88 268
    73 222
    74 008
    65 844
    55 093
    49 134
    49 565
    40 469
    38 545

    259 001
    255 310
    237 329
    216 780
    200 705
    183 188
    166 427
    159 116
    149 255
    120 722

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................

    4 657
    ...
    ...
    ...
    4 634
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    4 260

    36 399
    31 921
    32 059
    25 991
    15 445
    10 564
    6 466
    6 570
    9 373
    10 022

    114 291
    106 792
    105 248
    109 995
    92 507
    57 649
    39 668
    38 306
    70 359
    97 489

    1940 ...............................................................
    1939 ...............................................................

    ...
    ...

    9 443
    7 429

    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Excludes

    state forests, wildlife refuges and waysides not administered by state park agencies.
    . . . = Not available.

    225

    226

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 14-3Series H 878-893. Personal Consumption Expenditures for Recreation, 19292001


    (Billions of dollars.)

    Year

    Total

    Wheel
    Video and
    goods,
    audio
    sports and
    goods,
    photoNondurcomputer Radio and
    graphic
    able toys
    equiptelevision
    equipand sport
    ment, and
    repair
    ment,
    supplies
    musical
    boats, and
    instrupleasure
    ments
    aircraft

    Admissions to specified spectator


    amusements

    Total

    Motion
    picture
    theaters

    Legitimate
    Commertheaters
    Clubs and
    cial
    and
    fraternal
    participant
    opera,
    organizaamuseSpectator
    and
    tions
    ments
    sports
    entertainments of
    nonprofit
    institutions

    Parimutuel
    net
    receipts

    Books and
    maps

    Magazines,
    Flowers,
    newsseeds,
    papers, and potted
    and sheet
    plants
    music

    2001 ..............

    593.9

    66.7

    60.8

    105.6

    4.2

    29.4

    8.7

    10.6

    10.1

    17.3

    73.3

    4.8

    35.1

    35.2

    18.5

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............

    564.7
    526.5
    489.1
    456.6
    429.6
    401.6
    368.7
    340.1
    313.8
    295.3

    62.7
    60.4
    56.5
    53.2
    50.6
    47.2
    43.4
    39.5
    36.5
    34.6

    55.3
    50.4
    46.2
    42.8
    40.5
    38.5
    35.2
    32.5
    30.1
    29.5

    106.3
    98.1
    90.3
    83.7
    80.0
    77.0
    71.0
    62.6
    57.0
    55.1

    4.1
    4.1
    4.1
    4.0
    3.7
    3.6
    3.3
    3.3
    3.4
    3.4

    27.1
    25.0
    23.4
    22.1
    20.7
    19.2
    18.2
    17.5
    16.1
    15.6

    7.8
    7.6
    6.9
    6.3
    5.8
    5.5
    5.2
    5.0
    4.9
    5.2

    9.9
    8.9
    8.7
    8.6
    8.0
    7.6
    7.2
    6.8
    6.0
    5.4

    9.5
    8.5
    7.7
    7.1
    6.9
    6.1
    5.8
    5.7
    5.1
    4.9

    16.7
    15.9
    14.9
    14.6
    14.0
    12.7
    11.8
    11.1
    10.2
    9.5

    68.4
    63.0
    57.3
    52.8
    48.3
    43.9
    38.6
    34.0
    29.9
    25.7

    4.7
    4.5
    4.3
    3.6
    3.5
    3.5
    3.4
    3.3
    3.4
    3.4

    33.2
    30.8
    28.2
    26.3
    24.9
    23.1
    20.8
    18.8
    17.1
    16.4

    34.2
    32.5
    31.0
    29.1
    27.6
    26.2
    24.9
    23.1
    22.0
    22.1

    17.5
    16.7
    15.9
    15.3
    14.9
    13.8
    13.2
    12.5
    12.0
    11.0

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............

    284.9
    268.2
    248.4
    224.5
    204.7
    187.6
    172.9
    155.0
    138.9
    129.5

    32.8
    30.7
    27.7
    25.3
    22.9
    21.4
    20.5
    18.4
    17.1
    16.0

    29.7
    29.3
    27.7
    25.6
    23.0
    21.2
    20.4
    16.9
    16.3
    16.4

    52.9
    52.4
    50.8
    46.2
    41.8
    35.9
    32.0
    28.5
    23.0
    22.2

    3.7
    3.7
    3.8
    3.5
    3.2
    3.2
    2.8
    2.8
    2.6
    2.5

    14.8
    13.3
    11.9
    10.8
    10.5
    9.7
    9.7
    8.7
    8.0
    7.1

    5.1
    4.6
    3.9
    3.4
    3.3
    3.2
    3.4
    3.2
    3.1
    2.7

    5.2
    4.4
    4.4
    4.0
    3.9
    3.2
    2.8
    2.4
    2.1
    2.0

    4.5
    4.3
    3.6
    3.4
    3.3
    3.3
    3.5
    3.1
    2.7
    2.4

    8.7
    8.0
    7.1
    6.7
    6.1
    5.5
    4.7
    4.4
    4.1
    3.4

    24.6
    21.8
    19.8
    17.3
    16.0
    15.1
    13.8
    12.9
    11.6
    10.8

    3.5
    3.3
    3.4
    3.0
    2.9
    2.8
    2.8
    2.6
    2.6
    2.5

    16.2
    15.0
    14.2
    13.0
    11.4
    10.6
    10.0
    9.0
    8.0
    7.3

    21.6
    20.1
    19.2
    17.6
    16.5
    15.9
    15.7
    14.6
    13.8
    13.0

    10.9
    10.5
    9.7
    9.2
    7.7
    6.9
    6.5
    6.0
    5.7
    5.3

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............

    116.7
    108.4
    95.9
    85.5
    78.2
    70.5
    63.4
    57.6
    51.5
    46.0

    14.6
    13.6
    12.3
    10.8
    10.0
    9.0
    8.2
    7.4
    6.6
    5.8

    15.6
    16.2
    14.1
    12.8
    11.4
    10.1
    9.0
    8.5
    7.4
    5.6

    20.6
    19.4
    17.3
    15.8
    14.8
    13.5
    12.1
    11.3
    10.1
    8.9

    2.5
    2.4
    2.4
    2.5
    2.3
    2.2
    2.0
    1.9
    1.7
    1.5

    6.6
    6.4
    5.9
    5.0
    4.4
    4.3
    4.0
    3.5
    3.5
    3.5

    2.6
    2.8
    2.8
    2.4
    2.1
    2.2
    2.0
    1.6
    1.7
    1.7

    1.8
    1.5
    1.3
    1.1
    0.9
    0.8
    0.7
    0.6
    0.6
    0.5

    2.3
    2.1
    1.8
    1.6
    1.4
    1.3
    1.2
    1.2
    1.2
    1.2

    2.9
    2.5
    2.1
    2.2
    2.1
    2.0
    1.8
    1.6
    1.5
    1.5

    9.1
    8.0
    7.2
    6.4
    5.6
    4.9
    4.2
    3.5
    3.0
    2.6

    2.3
    2.1
    2.0
    1.9
    1.8
    1.7
    1.6
    1.4
    1.3
    1.2

    6.5
    5.7
    5.0
    4.1
    3.6
    3.6
    3.2
    3.1
    2.9
    3.0

    12.0
    10.9
    9.1
    7.7
    7.0
    6.4
    5.9
    5.3
    4.8
    4.4

    4.7
    4.2
    3.6
    2.9
    2.9
    2.7
    2.6
    2.3
    2.2
    1.9

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............

    43.1
    40.0
    36.7
    33.1
    30.9
    26.9
    24.6
    22.5
    20.8
    19.3

    5.5
    5.2
    4.8
    4.3
    4.0
    3.6
    3.4
    3.1
    2.9
    2.7

    5.2
    5.2
    4.8
    4.1
    3.6
    2.9
    2.5
    2.2
    2.0
    2.0

    8.5
    8.0
    7.6
    7.0
    6.3
    5.1
    4.3
    3.7
    3.4
    3.2

    1.4
    1.3
    1.2
    1.1
    1.0
    1.0
    1.0
    1.0
    1.0
    0.9

    3.3
    3.1
    2.9
    2.5
    2.4
    2.2
    2.0
    1.9
    1.9
    1.8

    1.6
    1.5
    1.4
    1.2
    1.2
    1.2
    1.0
    1.0
    1.0
    1.0

    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.3

    1.1
    1.1
    1.0
    0.8
    0.7
    0.7
    0.6
    0.5
    0.5
    0.4

    1.5
    1.5
    1.4
    1.3
    1.3
    1.2
    1.1
    1.1
    1.0
    1.0

    2.4
    2.1
    1.9
    1.8
    1.7
    1.6
    1.6
    1.5
    1.4
    1.2

    1.1
    1.0
    0.9
    0.9
    0.8
    0.8
    0.8
    0.7
    0.7
    0.6

    2.9
    2.3
    2.0
    1.9
    1.8
    1.7
    1.6
    1.4
    1.3
    1.2

    4.1
    3.7
    3.4
    3.3
    3.2
    2.7
    2.5
    2.5
    2.3
    2.0

    1.8
    1.7
    1.7
    1.5
    1.4
    1.3
    1.1
    1.0
    0.9
    0.7

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............

    18.5
    17.7
    16.3
    15.9
    15.5
    14.6
    13.6
    13.1
    12.3
    11.7

    2.5
    2.4
    2.1
    2.0
    2.0
    1.8
    1.6
    1.7
    1.7
    1.7

    2.0
    2.0
    1.9
    1.7
    1.6
    1.4
    1.2
    1.1
    1.0
    0.9

    3.0
    3.1
    2.8
    2.9
    3.0
    2.9
    2.8
    2.6
    2.4
    2.2

    0.9
    0.8
    0.8
    0.7
    0.6
    0.6
    0.5
    0.5
    0.4
    0.4

    1.8
    1.7
    1.7
    1.8
    2.1
    2.0
    1.8
    1.7
    1.7
    1.8

    1.0
    1.0
    1.1
    1.2
    1.5
    1.5
    1.4
    1.3
    1.3
    1.3

    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2

    0.4
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2

    0.9
    0.9
    0.8
    0.8
    0.7
    0.7
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6

    1.1
    0.9
    0.7
    0.6
    0.6
    0.5
    0.5
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4

    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.3
    0.3

    1.1
    1.1
    1.0
    1.0
    1.0
    0.9
    0.8
    0.8
    0.8
    0.8

    2.2
    2.1
    2.1
    2.0
    1.9
    1.9
    1.8
    1.8
    1.7
    1.6

    0.7
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.5
    0.5

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............

    11.2
    10.0
    9.7
    9.3
    8.6
    6.2
    5.4
    5.0
    4.7
    4.3

    1.4
    1.2
    1.1
    0.9
    0.8
    0.6
    0.5
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4

    0.9
    0.8
    1.0
    1.0
    0.8
    0.4
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3

    2.4
    1.7
    1.5
    1.4
    1.1
    0.3
    0.3
    0.4
    0.6
    0.6

    0.3
    0.2
    0.2
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    ...
    ...

    1.8
    1.9
    1.9
    2.0
    2.1
    1.7
    1.6
    1.5
    1.2
    1.0

    1.4
    1.5
    1.5
    1.6
    1.7
    1.5
    1.3
    1.3
    1.0
    0.8

    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1

    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1

    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.4
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.2
    0.2

    0.4
    0.4
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2

    0.2
    0.2
    0.3
    0.3
    0.2
    0.2
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1

    0.7
    0.6
    0.6
    0.5
    0.6
    0.5
    0.5
    0.4
    0.3
    0.3

    1.5
    1.5
    1.4
    1.2
    1.1
    1.0
    0.9
    0.8
    0.7
    0.6

    0.5
    0.5
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.3
    0.3
    0.2
    0.2

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............
    ..............

    3.8
    3.5
    3.3
    3.4
    3.0
    2.6
    2.5
    2.2
    2.5
    3.3

    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.3

    0.3
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.2

    0.5
    0.4
    0.3
    0.4
    0.3
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.3
    0.5

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    0.9
    0.8
    0.8
    0.8
    0.8
    0.7
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.9

    0.7
    0.7
    0.7
    0.7
    0.6
    0.6
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.7

    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    ...
    ...
    ...
    0.1
    0.1

    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    ...
    0.1

    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.3
    0.3

    0.2
    0.2
    0.1
    0.2
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1

    0.1
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.3

    0.6
    0.6
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.5

    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1

    1930 ..............
    1929 ..............

    4.0
    4.4

    0.3
    0.3

    0.2
    0.2

    0.9
    1.0

    ...
    ...

    0.9
    0.9

    0.7
    0.7

    0.1
    0.1

    0.1
    0.1

    0.3
    0.3

    0.2
    0.2

    ...
    ...

    0.3
    0.3

    0.5
    0.5

    0.2
    0.2

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 14: ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT, RECREATION, AND TRAVEL

    227

    Table 14-4Series H 921-940. Travel to Foreign


    CountriesTravelers and
    Expenditures, 19192001

    Table 14-5Series H 941-951. Foreign Visitors to


    the United StatesNumber and
    Receipts, 19192001

    (Travelers in thousands, expenditures in millions of dollars.)

    (Travelers in thousands, expenditures in millions of dollars.)

    Year
    2001 ...............................................

    Total overseas travelers 1

    Total expenditures
    abroad 2

    25 249

    Year

    Total
    visitors 1

    Total
    receipts 2

    60 117

    2001 ...............................................

    21 833

    73 119

    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................

    25 975
    24 466
    23 698
    24 194
    22 658
    20 639
    18 458
    18 662
    17 791
    16 155

    82 267
    74 731
    71 286
    73 426
    69 809
    63 395
    58 417
    57 875
    54 742
    48 384

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................

    26 853
    24 579
    23 069
    21 634
    19 786
    19 059
    18 149
    17 102
    15 965
    14 521

    64 788
    58 865
    56 509
    52 051
    48 076
    44 916
    43 782
    40 713
    38 552
    35 322

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................

    15 990
    14 791
    14 443
    13 616
    12 038
    12 696
    11 690
    9 628
    8 510
    8 040

    37 349
    33 416
    32 114
    30 022
    26 746
    25 155
    23 305
    13 149
    12 394
    11 479

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................

    15 059
    13 999
    12 512
    10 434
    8 860
    7 537
    7 528
    7 873
    8 761
    9 069

    43 007
    36 205
    29 434
    23 563
    20 385
    17 762
    17 177
    11 408
    12 393
    12 913

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................

    8 163
    7 835
    7 790
    7 390
    6 897
    6 354
    6 467
    6 933
    6 790
    5 667

    10 397
    9 413
    8 475
    7 451
    6 856
    6 417
    5 980
    5 371
    4 944
    4 311

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................

    8 200
    7 230
    5 764
    4 509
    4 456
    3 674
    3 700
    3 554
    2 861
    2 490

    10 588
    8 441
    7 183
    6 150
    5 742
    4 697
    4 032
    ...
    2 706
    2 464

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................

    5 260
    4 623
    3 885
    3 425
    2 975
    2 623
    2 220
    1 990
    1 767
    1 575

    3 973
    3 407
    3 030
    3 207
    2 657
    2 438
    2 211
    2 114
    1 939
    1 785

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................

    2 193
    1 894
    1 825
    1 431
    1 274
    1 130
    937
    780
    671
    602

    2 330
    2 058
    1 775
    1 646
    1 590
    1 380
    1 207
    1 015
    957
    885

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................

    1 634
    1 516
    1 398
    1 369
    1 239
    1 075
    912
    827
    772
    684

    1 750
    1 610
    1 460
    1 372
    1 275
    1 153
    1 009
    929
    840
    757

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................

    572
    520
    447
    419
    345
    328
    307
    287
    296
    255

    919
    902
    825
    785
    705
    654
    595
    574
    550
    473

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................

    676
    573
    495
    435
    329
    117
    75
    57
    71
    170

    754
    700
    631
    573
    457
    298
    225
    173
    155
    212

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................

    242
    258
    282
    229
    117
    102
    70
    50
    42
    46

    419
    392
    334
    342
    257
    162
    117
    84
    82
    70

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................

    156
    282
    370
    435
    381
    314
    302
    300
    393
    438

    190
    290
    303
    348
    297
    245
    218
    199
    259
    341

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................

    81
    100
    98
    96
    81
    69
    75
    60
    49
    66

    95
    135
    130
    135
    117
    101
    81
    66
    65
    94

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................

    538
    517
    518
    471
    433
    408
    351
    291
    320
    294

    463
    483
    448
    400
    372
    347
    303
    260
    243
    200

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................
    ...............................................

    83
    78
    78
    73
    70
    65
    79
    65
    53
    75

    129
    139
    121
    114
    110
    83
    77
    71
    61
    76

    1920 ...............................................
    1919 ...............................................

    302
    152

    190
    123

    1920 ...............................................
    1919 ...............................................

    81
    47

    67
    56

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    1Excludes

    1Excludes
    2Excludes

    the following: travel to Canada and Mexico; travel between conterminous


    United States and Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands; cruise travelers;
    military personnel and other government employees and their dependents stationed
    abroad and U.S. citizens residing abroad.
    2Includes shore expenditures of cruise travelers; excludes travel expenditures of military
    personnel and other government employees and their dependents stationed abroad and
    U.S. citizens residing abroad.

    Canada and Mexico, except for 1933 and 1934. For years ending June.
    trans-ocean fares.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION

    15

    AGRICULTURE

    230

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 15

    AGRICULTURE
    Highlights

    Farms and Land in Farms, 18802000


    7

    1,800
    1,600

    Number of farms
    (millions)

    1,200
    4

    1,000

    800
    600

    Land in farms
    (millions of acres)

    1,400
    5

    2
    400
    1

    Number of farms
    Land in farms

    200
    0

    0
    1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

    2000

    Year

    Annual agricultural statistics have been published


    by the Department of Agriculture since May 1, 1863.
    The Statistical Reporting Service and the Economic
    Research Service now compile them. From 1840 to
    1920, the Census of Agriculture was taken every 10
    years; from 1925 to 1978, about every 5 years; and since
    1982, those years ending in 2 or 7. The first census was
    limited in scope to domestic animals, production of
    principal crops, and the value of wool and dairy products. Number of farms, acreage, and value of farmland
    were first included in 1850, farm tenure in 1880, and
    classification of farmland by use in 1925.

    The definition of a farm has varied from census to


    census. Before 1954, the cutoff was three acres with
    annual output valued at $150 or more, but farms smaller
    than three acres were included if the value of output
    reached the same level. Between 1925 and 1945, farms
    included places of three or more acres on which there
    were agricultural operations and places of less than
    three acres with an annual output of three acres or
    more. Between 1910 and 1920, the definition was even
    more liberal, including farms smaller than three acres
    with less than $250 in output, if they required the continuous services of one person. In 1860 and 1900, there
    were no acreage or value limits. In 1870, 1880, and 1890,
    farms smaller than three acres were included only if the
    value of output exceeded $500. In the census of 1850, no

    SECTION 15: AGRICULTURE


    acreage qualification was given, but there was a floor of
    $100 for value of products. In 1959, the acreage limit
    was raised to 10 and the value limit to $250 for smaller
    farms. Since the 1974 Census of Agriculture, a farm was
    defined as any place on which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were produced and/or sold.

    Estimates of farm population are equally problematic. Since 1960, farm population has been defined as all
    persons living in rural territory on places of 10 or more
    acres producing at least $50 worth of agricultural produce. The principal characteristics of farm population
    are its higher age profile, higher outflow, and higher
    birth rates. The classification of farm operator was first
    made in the Census of 1900. It designates a person who
    operates a farm as an owner, salaried employee, tenant,
    renter, or sharecropper. Because of the decreasing
    importance of the cropper system in the South, croppers have not been classified since 1959. Since 1880,
    farms have been classified by tenure, and since 1900, by
    race of the owner.

    Estimates of farm income were started in 1924 on a


    crop-year basis. Only scattered data on farm income are
    available for the period before 1910. Willford I. King
    provides some data for census years from 1850 in The
    Wealth and Income of the People of the United States.
    The National Industrial Conference Boards National
    Income in the United States, 1799 to 1938 provides
    decennial projections going back to 1800, and the
    Department of Agricultures Gross Farm Income and
    Indices of Farm Production and Prices in the United
    States, 18691937 extends back to 1869.

    For many crops, estimates of acreage, production,


    and prices began in 1866 when the Department of
    Agriculture began making regular reports. These data
    are found in Agricultural Statistics, Crop Production and
    Crop Values. Data on livestock have been published
    since 1867, based on the Census of Agriculture.

    Early development of the dairy industry is indicated by the export statistics of 1890, which showed the
    New England states, New York, and Pennsylvania producing considerable amounts of butter and cheese in
    excess of their consumption requirements. By the middle of the nineteenth century, milk cows were distributed as far west as southern Wisconsin, eastern Iowa,
    western Missouri and Arkansas, and the eastern third of
    Texas. By 1860, they had spread to the Pacific coast
    states. Before 1850, milk, butter, and cheese were produced mainly on farms. Factory cheese production
    began shortly after 1850; the first condensery was estab-

    231

    lished in 1856 and the first commercial creamery in


    1861. Unsweetened condensed milk was first produced
    in 1885.

    The share of the farm sector in the economy has


    steadily declined as the United States moved into the
    postindustrial age. In 1998, agriculture contributed only
    2 percent of the $7.9 trillion economy. Although the
    United States is in many ways the granary of the world,
    it employs fewer people in that sector today than it did
    in 1990. The number of farms has declined from 2.440
    million in 1980 to 2.158 million in 2002. The land in
    farms has declined from 1,039 million acres to 941.0
    million acres from 1980 to 2002, and harvested cropland
    has followed the same trend from 382 million acres to
    340 million acres. However, gross farm output grew at a
    slower pace than other sectors of the economy, reaching
    $221.3 billion in 2001 from $142.9 billion in 1980.

    Texas has the most land in farms (131.3 million


    acres) in 2002, followed by Montana (57 million acres),
    Kansas (47 million acres), Nebraska (46 million acres),
    New Mexico and Dakota (44 million acres each).
    Arizona and Wyoming lead in the average size of farms
    with 3,761 and 3,630 acres respectively. Texas leads in
    the gross value of agricultural output with $77.351 billion, followed by California with $69.768 billion and
    Illinois $56.475 billion. Texas and Nebraska lead in cattle, California and Wisconsin in dairy products, and
    Iowa and Illinois in corn and soybean.

    Agriculture is one of the strongest export sectors


    and has always shown a positive trade balance. In 2002,
    agriculture had a trade balance of $11.1 billion with
    exports valued at $53.0 billion (8 percent of all exports)
    and imports of $41.9 billion. The United States accounts
    for 38.6 percent of the world production of corn and
    38.3 percent of soybeans in 2002. In exports, it accounts
    for 22.8 percent of the wheat, 54.4 percent of corn, 43.3
    percent of soybeans, and 37.9 percent of cotton.

    10
    By cash receipts from farm marketings, the five
    principal U.S. crops are corn, soybean, vegetables,
    wheat, and cotton, which together account for 60 percent of value (corn is considered a cereal, while only
    sweet corn is considered a vegetable). The most popular
    vegetable is the potato with a production of $3,151 million in 2002, followed by the tomato ($1,854 million).
    The most popular fruit is the grape with a production of
    $2,853 million in 2002, followed by the orange ($1,834
    million).

    232

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    11
    The Balance Sheet of the Farming Sector was
    first attempted in 1944. In 2001, it showed assets of

    15
    Production of red meat and poultry was 85.4
    billion pounds in 2002, of which beef accounted for 27.2

    $1.251 trillion, of which real estate accounted for $999


    billion.

    million pounds and poultry for 38.1 million pounds.

    12
    There are over 55 million acres of irrigated
    lands, which are found primarily in the West and South.
    California led all states in this respect with 8.713 million
    acres under irrigation in 1997, or 15.8 percent of all irrigated cropland, followed by Missouri (12.6 percent),
    and Texas (9.8 percent). Irrigation accounted for withdrawals of 134 billion gallons of water per day.

    16
    The number of farms producing all the cattle of
    the United States in 2003 was 96.1 million for a total
    production value of $69.8 billion. Hog and pigs number
    of farms was 58.9 million for a total production of $4.2
    billion.

    17
    Milk production in 2002 was 169.8 billion
    pounds valued at $20.7 billion. Butter production was

    13
    Farms that produce less than $10,000 annually
    account for 50.4 percent of the number of farms, but

    1.355 billion pounds; cheese 8.599 billion pounds, yogurt


    3.135 billion pounds, and ice cream 1.351 billion pounds.

    only 13.9 percent of the acreage and 1.5 percent of the


    value of sales. Farms that produce more than $10,000 in
    sales account for 49.6 percent of the number of farms,
    86.1 percent of the acreage, and 98.5 percent of sales. In
    1997 there were 84,002 corporate farms owning 131.5
    billion acres and selling $56.9 billion worth of farm
    products.

    18
    New exotic styles of food have created a
    demand for spices and herbs, almost all of them import-

    14
    California is the nations principal farm producer with a total production of $25.9 billion in 2001, followed by Texas and Iowa with a production of $13.8 billion and $11.6 billion respectively.

    ed. In 2002, 260,000 tons of spices were imported,


    including pepper, sesame seed, capsicum, cinnamon, cassia, ginger root, and cumin.

    19
    Nearly 30 percent of farm workers are Hispanic,
    most of them living at below poverty levels.

    SECTION 15: AGRICULTURE

    233

    Table 15-1Series K 162-173. Farms and Land in Farms, by Size of Farms, 18802002
    (Farms in thousands, land in farms in thousands of acres.)
    Number of farms
    Year
    Total

    Under 10
    acres

    Land in farms

    5099 acres

    1,000 acres
    and over

    Total

    Under 10
    acres

    5099 acres

    1,000
    acres and
    over

    2002 .................................................................................................................
    2001 .................................................................................................................

    2 135
    2 149

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    941 480
    941 310

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992

    .................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................

    2 167
    2 187
    2 192
    1 912
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    1 925

    ...
    ...
    ...
    154
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    166

    ...
    ...
    ...
    295
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    283

    ...
    ...
    ...
    176
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    173

    943 090
    947 440
    953 500
    956 010
    958 675
    962 515
    965 935
    968 845
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1987 .................................................................................................................
    1982 .................................................................................................................
    1978 .................................................................................................................
    1974 .................................................................................................................
    1969 .................................................................................................................
    1964 .................................................................................................................
    1959 .................................................................................................................
    1954 1 ..............................................................................................................
    1950 .................................................................................................................

    2 088
    2 241
    2 258
    2 314
    2 730
    3 158
    3 711
    4 782
    5 388

    183
    188
    151
    128
    162
    183
    244
    484
    489

    311
    344
    356
    385
    460
    542
    658
    864
    1 048

    169
    163
    161
    155
    151
    145
    136
    130
    121

    964 500
    ...
    986 800
    1 014 800
    1 063 346
    1 110 185
    1 123 508
    1 158 192
    1 162 643

    7 000
    ...
    7 000
    6 000
    568
    778
    1 053
    2 260
    2 443

    22 500
    ...
    24 800
    25 900
    33 620
    39 590
    47 950
    62 725
    75 647

    602 000
    ...
    599 900
    600 400
    578 412
    584 847
    554 631
    531 482
    494 856

    1945 1 ..............................................................................................................
    1940 .................................................................................................................
    1935 1 ..............................................................................................................
    1930 .................................................................................................................
    1925 1 ..............................................................................................................
    1920 .................................................................................................................
    1910 1 ..............................................................................................................
    1900 .................................................................................................................
    1890 .................................................................................................................
    1880 .................................................................................................................

    5 859
    6 102
    6 812
    6 295
    6 372
    6 454
    6 362
    5 740
    4 565
    4 009

    595
    509
    571
    362
    379
    2292
    335
    268
    150
    139

    1 157
    1 291
    1 444
    1 375
    1 421
    1 475
    1 438
    1 366
    1 122
    1 033

    113
    101
    89
    81
    63
    67
    50
    47
    32
    29

    1 141 615
    1 065 114
    1 054 515
    990 112
    924 319
    958 677
    3881 431
    841 202
    ...
    ...

    2 805
    2 679
    3 057
    1 922
    2 097
    ...
    ...
    1 482
    ...
    ...

    83 206
    93 336
    104 016
    98 700
    101 906
    105 631
    103 121
    98 600
    ...
    ...

    460 006
    365 772
    309 701
    276 667
    224 472
    220 636
    167 082
    200 324
    ...
    ...

    1Excludes

    Alaska and Hawaii.


    Alaska.
    includes Alaska and Hawaii.
    . . . = Not available.

    2Excludes
    3Total

    234

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 15-2Series K 195-203. Farmers Marketing and Purchasing Cooperatives, Memberships, and
    Business, 19132001
    (Number, dollars.)
    Cooperatives listed
    Year
    Total

    Marketing
    and
    related

    Estimated memberships (1,000)

    Farm
    supply

    Total

    Marketing
    and
    related

    Farm
    supply

    Estimated business, net 1


    (mil. dollars)

    Total

    Marketing
    and
    related 2

    Farm
    supply

    2001 .......................................................................................................................

    3 229

    1 995

    1 234

    3 034

    1 288

    1 746

    99 798

    75 042

    24 756

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................

    3 346
    3 466
    3 651
    3 791
    3 884
    4 006
    4 174
    4 244
    4 315
    4 494

    2 069
    2 153
    2 304
    2 405
    2 481
    2 548
    2 678
    2 697
    2 697
    2 805

    1 277
    1 313
    1 347
    1 386
    1 403
    1 458
    1 496
    1 547
    1 618
    1 689

    3 085
    3 173
    3 353
    3 387
    3 664
    3 768
    3 986
    4 023
    4 071
    4 058

    1 367
    1 442
    1 579
    1 681
    1 869
    1 922
    2 050
    2 046
    2 051
    2 033

    1 718
    1 731
    1 774
    1 706
    1 795
    1 846
    1 936
    1 977
    2 020
    2 025

    96 150
    95 159
    101 193
    103 024
    103 082
    90 534
    86 324
    80 148
    76 709
    76 636

    72 065
    71 982
    76 642
    77 843
    79 429
    69 321
    65 545
    60 930
    58 196
    58 720

    24 085
    23 177
    24 551
    25 181
    23 653
    21 213
    20 779
    19 218
    18 513
    17 916

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................

    4 663
    4 799
    4 937
    5 109
    5 369
    5 625
    5 782
    5 989
    6 125
    6 211

    2 946
    2 996
    3 101
    3 168
    3 398
    3 589
    3 646
    3 781
    3 826
    3 855

    1 717
    1 803
    1 836
    1 941
    1 971
    2 036
    2 136
    2 208
    2 299
    2 356

    4 119
    4 134
    4 195
    4 440
    4 600
    4 781
    4 842
    4 955
    5 136
    5 335

    2 114
    2 099
    2 053
    2 158
    2 290
    2 383
    2 445
    2 402
    2 469
    2 479

    2 006
    2 035
    2 142
    2 282
    2 310
    2 398
    2 397
    2 553
    2 666
    2 856

    77 266
    72 129
    66 430
    60 318
    58 395
    65 601
    73 047
    66 755
    69 150
    71 534

    60 178
    55 222
    51 006
    46 047
    43 300
    48 961
    56 078
    50 812
    52 788
    54 475

    17 088
    16 907
    15 424
    14 271
    15 095
    16 641
    16 969
    15 943
    16 362
    17 059

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................

    6 293
    6 445
    6 600
    6 736
    7 533
    7 645
    7 755
    7 854
    7 797
    7 995

    3 924
    3 938
    4 050
    4 143
    4 804
    4 916
    4 977
    5 053
    5 016
    5 264

    2 369
    2 507
    2 550
    2 593
    2 731
    2 729
    2 778
    2 801
    2 781
    2 731

    5 379
    5 627
    5 695
    5 758
    5 906
    6 123
    6 106
    6 128
    6 147
    6 158

    2 574
    2 567
    2 632
    2 692
    2 850
    3 151
    3 133
    3 140
    3 156
    3 130

    2 804
    3 060
    3 063
    3 066
    3 056
    2 972
    2 973
    2 988
    2 991
    3 028

    66 254
    56 268
    47 305
    43 584
    40 104
    41 342
    35 366
    25 991
    21 665
    20 556

    50 120
    42 747
    36 253
    33 027
    30 692
    32 682
    27 602
    20 076
    16 925
    16 210

    16 134
    13 521
    11 052
    10 557
    9 412
    8 660
    7 764
    5 915
    4 740
    4 340

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................

    7 790
    7 747
    7 940
    8 125
    8 329
    8 583
    8 847
    8 907
    9 039
    9 163

    5 015
    4 954
    5 105
    5 254
    5 380
    5 498
    5 621
    5 696
    5 833
    5 941

    2 775
    2 793
    2 835
    2 871
    2 949
    3 085
    3 226
    3 211
    3 206
    3 222

    6 355
    6 364
    6 445
    6 502
    6 826
    7 082
    7 080
    7 219
    7 099
    7 203

    3 133
    3 175
    3 259
    3 333
    3 672
    3 831
    3 655
    3 623
    3 464
    3 523

    3 222
    3 189
    3 186
    3 169
    3 154
    3 251
    3 425
    3 596
    3 635
    3 680

    19 080
    17 396
    17 034
    16 557
    15 608
    14 742
    14 354
    13 842
    13 024
    12 409

    15 207
    13 796
    13 513
    13 218
    12 523
    11 832
    11 522
    11 138
    10 463
    9 937

    3 873
    3 600
    3 521
    3 339
    3 085
    2 910
    2 832
    2 704
    2 561
    2 472

    1960 .......................................................................................................................
    1959 3 .....................................................................................................................
    1958 .......................................................................................................................
    1957 .......................................................................................................................
    1956 .......................................................................................................................
    1955 .......................................................................................................................
    1954 .......................................................................................................................
    1953 .......................................................................................................................
    1952 .......................................................................................................................
    1951 .......................................................................................................................

    9 345
    9 658
    9 735
    9 891
    9 894
    9 903
    10 072
    10 128
    10 179
    10 064

    6 048
    6 271
    6 352
    6 518
    6 519
    6 557
    6 698
    6 750
    6 855
    6 781

    3 297
    3 387
    3 383
    3 373
    3 375
    3 346
    3 374
    3 378
    3 324
    3 283

    7 273
    7 559
    7 486
    7 673
    7 732
    7 604
    7 608
    7 475
    7 364
    7 091

    3 673
    3 915
    3 943
    4 184
    4 288
    4 281
    4 355
    4 336
    4 331
    4 212

    3 600
    3 644
    3 543
    3 489
    3 444
    3 323
    3 252
    3 139
    3 033
    2 879

    12 036
    11 747
    10 753
    10 379
    9 756
    9 642
    9 475
    9 521
    9 410
    8 147

    9 628
    9 376
    8 566
    8 233
    7 710
    7 620
    7 497
    7 508
    7 491
    6 462

    2 408
    2 371
    2 187
    2 146
    2 046
    2 022
    1 978
    2 013
    1 919
    1 685

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................

    10 035
    10 075
    10 135
    10 125
    10 150
    10 150
    10 300
    10 450
    10 550
    10 600

    6 922
    6 993
    7 159
    7 268
    7 378
    7 400
    7 522
    7 708
    7 824
    7 943

    3 113
    3 082
    2 976
    2 857
    2 772
    2 750
    2 778
    2 742
    2 726
    2 657

    6 584
    6 384
    5 890
    5 436
    5 010
    4 505
    4 250
    3 850
    3 600
    3 400

    4 075
    3 973
    3 630
    3 378
    3 150
    2 895
    2 730
    2 580
    2 430
    2 420

    2 509
    2 411
    2 260
    2 058
    1 860
    1 610
    1 520
    1 270
    1 170
    980

    8 726
    9 320
    8 635
    7 116
    6 070
    5 645
    5 160
    3 780
    2 840
    2 280

    7 083
    7 700
    7 195
    6 005
    5 147
    4 835
    4 430
    3 180
    2 360
    1 911

    1 643
    1 620
    1 440
    1 111
    923
    810
    730
    600
    480
    369

    1936
    1931
    1926
    1921
    1915
    1913

    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................................

    10 500
    11 950
    10 803
    7 374
    5 424
    3 099

    8 388
    10 362
    9 586
    6 476
    5 149
    2 988

    2 112
    1 588
    1 217
    898
    275
    111

    3 660
    3 000
    2 700
    ...
    651
    ...

    2 710
    2 608
    2 453
    ...
    592
    ...

    950
    392
    247
    ...
    59
    ...

    1 840
    2 400
    2 400
    1 256
    636
    310

    1 586
    2 185
    2 265
    1 198
    624
    304

    254
    215
    135
    58
    12
    6

    1Data for years to 1951 are not entirely comparable due to revisions in statistical procedure.
    2Includes services related to marketing or supply purchasing
    3Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 15: AGRICULTURE

    235

    Table 15-3Series K 204-219. Balance Sheet of the Farming Sector Business, 19402001
    (Billions of dollars. As of December 31 beginning 1980; before then January 1. Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.)
    Assets

    Claims

    Physical
    Nonreal estate

    Year
    Total

    Real
    estate

    Livestock
    and
    poultry 1

    Machinery
    and motor
    vehicles

    Crops
    stored on
    and off
    farm 2

    Household
    equipment
    and
    furnishings

    Investment
    and
    cooperatives

    Total

    Total
    liability

    Proprietors
    equities

    2001 ........................................................................................

    1 251.0

    998.7

    73.2

    90.7

    25.2

    59.0

    ...

    1 251.0

    192.0

    1 059.0

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................

    1 206.5
    1 141.1
    1 083.4
    1 051.3
    1 003.9
    967.0
    935.5
    906.0
    870.0
    845.0

    949.9
    889.1
    840.0
    808.4
    769.5
    741.0
    704.0
    674.0
    643.0
    626.0

    76.8
    73.2
    63.2
    67.0
    60.0
    58.0
    68.0
    73.0
    71.0
    68.0

    90.3
    90.2
    89.8
    88.7
    88.8
    89.0
    88.0
    86.0
    88.6
    86.3

    27.9
    28.3
    29.9
    32.7
    31.7
    27.4
    23.3
    23.3
    24.0
    22.0

    57.1
    56.6
    54.8
    49.7
    49.0
    49.1
    47.6
    46.3
    43.1
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 206.5
    1 141.1
    1 083.4
    1 051.3
    1 003.9
    967.0
    935.5
    906.0
    870.0
    845.0

    184.1
    176.4
    172.9
    165.0
    156.0
    151.0
    147.0
    142.0
    139.0
    139.0

    1 022.3
    964.7
    910.5
    885.9
    848.9
    816.0
    789.0
    764.0
    731.0
    706.0

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................

    996.2
    976.0
    956.8
    911.4
    848.0
    892.8
    975.9
    1 064.3
    1 056.8
    1 091.1

    620.0
    601.0
    595.5
    578.9
    542.3
    586.0
    735.0
    829.3
    819.1
    830.0

    69.1
    66.2
    62.2
    58.0
    47.8
    46.3
    49.5
    49.5
    53.0
    60.8

    91.7
    90.2
    86.7
    84.5
    86.1
    86.3
    91.1
    92.1
    92.6
    102.8

    22.4
    23.3
    22.7
    17.8
    16.6
    22.9
    26.3
    24.4
    26.4
    35.9

    46.3
    42.2
    37.0
    32.9
    28.7
    27.8
    24.3
    24.4
    23.0
    19.4

    27.6
    26.1
    25.1
    25.3
    24.4
    24.3
    24.3
    22.8
    21.9
    22.2

    996.2
    976.0
    956.8
    911.4
    848.0
    892.8
    975.9
    1 064.3
    1 056.8
    1 001.1

    145.1
    146.0
    148.5
    153.7
    166.6
    187.9
    204.3
    206.5
    203.1
    175.2

    851.1
    830.0
    808.3
    757.7
    681.3
    704.9
    771.5
    857.9
    853.7
    915.9

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................

    1 089.2
    873.4
    736.3
    664.2
    576.3
    577.0
    478.5
    394.8
    351.8
    314.9

    850.1
    655.0
    554.7
    496.4
    418.1
    420.6
    327.7
    267.3
    239.6
    213.0

    60.6
    51.3
    31.9
    29.0
    29.4
    29.4
    42.4
    34.1
    27.3
    23.7

    86.9
    85.1
    76.9
    71.0
    64.0
    63.1
    44.2
    39.3
    35.6
    33.8

    32.8
    28.0
    24.4
    22.1
    21.3
    21.1
    22.0
    14.5
    11.8
    10.7

    19.4
    16.0
    13.8
    12.1
    11.7
    11.7
    12.3
    11.9
    10.8
    10.1

    19.3
    18.3
    15.2
    14.9
    13.4
    12.8
    10.8
    9.7
    8.8
    7.6

    1 089.2
    873.4
    736.3
    664.2
    576.3
    577.0
    478.5
    394.8
    351.8
    314.9

    178.7
    136.5
    119.3
    102.7
    90.8
    91.5
    74.1
    65.3
    59.1
    61.1

    910.5
    736.9
    617.0
    561.6
    485.5
    485.5
    404.4
    327.5
    292.7
    253.8

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................

    305.8
    294.8
    280.1
    266.8
    253.8
    237.2
    229.2
    221.4
    212.8
    204.2

    207.1
    201.5
    192.0
    181.8
    172.2
    160.9
    152.1
    143.8
    138.0
    131.8

    23.5
    20.2
    18.8
    18.9
    17.6
    14.4
    15.8
    17.3
    16.4
    15.5

    31.8
    30.9
    29.5
    27.3
    25.8
    24.7
    23.9
    23.4
    22.5
    22.2

    10.9
    10.6
    9.6
    10.0
    9.7
    9.2
    9.8
    9.3
    8.8
    8.0

    9.7
    9.6
    9.0
    8.4
    8.6
    8.6
    8.8
    9.0
    9.1
    8.9

    7.2
    6.8
    6.5
    6.2
    5.9
    5.6
    5.4
    5.0
    4.8
    4.5

    305.8
    294.8
    280.1
    266.8
    253.8
    237.2
    229.2
    221.4
    212.8
    204.2

    58.1
    54.6
    50.4
    45.7
    41.6
    37.6
    34.9
    31.7
    28.7
    26.2

    247.7
    240.2
    229.7
    221.1
    212.2
    199.6
    194.3
    189.7
    184.1
    178.0

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................

    203.5
    202.1
    185.8
    177.9
    169.6
    165.1
    161.2
    164.3
    167.0
    151.5

    130.2
    124.4
    115.9
    110.4
    102.9
    98.2
    95.0
    96.5
    95.1
    86.6

    15.2
    17.7
    13.9
    11.0
    10.6
    11.2
    11.7
    14.8
    19.5
    17.1

    22.7
    21.8
    20.2
    20.2
    19.3
    18.6
    18.4
    17.4
    16.7
    14.1

    7.7
    9.3
    7.6
    8.3
    8.4
    9.6
    9.2
    9.0
    8.8
    7.9

    9.6
    9.8
    9.9
    10.0
    10.5
    10.0
    9.9
    9.9
    10.3
    9.7

    4.2
    3.9
    3.7
    3.5
    3.2
    3.1
    2.9
    2.7
    2.5
    2.3

    203.5
    202.1
    185.8
    177.9
    169.6
    165.1
    161.2
    164.3
    167.0
    151.5

    24.8
    23.6
    20.4
    19.3
    18.8
    17.6
    16.9
    16.1
    14.7
    13.1

    178.7
    178.5
    165.4
    158.6
    150.8
    147.5
    144.3
    148.2
    152.3
    138.4

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................
    ........................................................................................

    132.5
    134.9
    127.9
    116.4
    103.5
    94.2
    84.6
    73.7
    62.9
    55.0

    75.3
    76.6
    73.7
    68.5
    61.0
    53.9
    48.2
    41.6
    37.5
    34.4

    12.9
    14.4
    13.3
    11.9
    9.7
    9.0
    9.7
    9.6
    7.1
    5.3

    12.2
    10.1
    7.4
    5.3
    5.4
    6.5
    5.4
    4.9
    4.0
    3.3

    7.6
    8.6
    9.0
    7.1
    6.3
    6.7
    6.1
    5.1
    3.8
    3.0

    8.6
    9.1
    8.5
    7.7
    6.1
    5.6
    5.3
    5.0
    4.9
    4.2

    2.1
    1.9
    1.7
    1.5
    1.4
    1.2
    1.1
    1.0
    0.9
    0.9

    132.5
    134.9
    127.9
    116.4
    103.5
    94.2
    84.6
    73.7
    62.9
    55.0

    12.4
    11.4
    9.3
    8.5
    8.0
    8.3
    8.9
    10.0
    10.5
    10.4

    120.1
    123.5
    118.6
    107.9
    95.5
    85.9
    75.7
    63.7
    52.4
    44.6

    1940 ........................................................................................

    52.9

    33.6

    5.1

    3.1

    2.7

    4.2

    0.8

    52.9

    10.0

    42.9

    1Beginning in 1961, excludes horses and mules.


    2Includes crops held on farms and crops held off farms by farmers as security for CCC loans.

    . . . = Not available.

    236

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 15-4Series K 256-285. Farm Income and Expenses, 19102001


    (Millions of dollars.)
    Realized gross income from farming
    Cash receipts from marketing
    Government payments

    Value of farm
    products
    consumed in
    farm households

    106 300

    20 700

    ...

    ...

    99 300
    98 300
    94 000
    96 500
    92 100
    87 800
    89 800
    90 445
    85 636
    85 786

    22 900
    21 500
    12 400
    7 500
    7 300
    7 300
    7 900
    13 400
    9 200
    8 200

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    80 297
    76 800
    71 600
    65 800
    63 700
    74 300
    69 900
    67 200
    72 300
    72 500

    89 220
    84 100
    79 400
    76 000
    71 600
    69 800
    72 900
    69 600
    70 300
    69 200

    9 300
    10 900
    14 500
    16 700
    11 800
    7 700
    8 400
    9 300
    3 500
    1 900

    700
    700
    700
    700
    900
    900
    1 000
    1 000
    1 100
    1 200

    5 600
    5 500
    5 400
    4 900
    4 600
    4 700
    4 900
    12 600
    13 100
    12 600

    143 300
    135 100
    117 300
    99 300
    94 780
    90 700
    92 449
    87 068
    61 190
    52 859

    71 700
    62 300
    53 200
    48 600
    48 668
    45 800
    51 090
    41 132
    25 520
    22 276

    68 000
    69 200
    59 200
    47 600
    46 112
    43 100
    41 359
    45 936
    35 670
    30 583

    1 300
    1 400
    3 000
    1 800
    734
    800
    531
    2 607
    3 961
    3 145

    1 200
    1 300
    1 200
    1 200
    1 334
    1 100
    1 295
    1 104
    831
    732

    11 000
    9 300
    8 100
    7 300
    5 973
    5 400
    4 687
    3 913
    3 474
    3 226

    57 925
    55 550
    50 897
    48 998
    49 740
    44 926
    42 567
    42 271
    41 258
    39 771

    50 522
    48 143
    44 117
    42 693
    43 294
    39 350
    37 233
    37 398
    36 356
    35 089

    20 907
    19 541
    18 620
    18 434
    18 373
    17 392
    17 377
    17 435
    16 294
    15 660

    29 615
    28 602
    25 497
    24 259
    24 921
    21 958
    19 856
    19 963
    20 062
    19 429

    3 717
    3 794
    3 462
    3 079
    3 277
    2 463
    2 181
    1 696
    1 747
    1 493

    773
    750
    732
    745
    817
    813
    930
    1 016
    1 076
    1 176

    2 913
    2 863
    2 586
    2 481
    2 352
    2 300
    2 223
    2 161
    2 079
    2 012

    12 079
    11 454
    13 500
    11 325
    11 444
    11 464
    12 503
    13 088
    15 051
    15 987

    38 088
    37 468
    37 911
    34 001
    34 274
    33 138
    33 589
    34 986
    36 759
    37 055

    34 154
    33 511
    33 456
    29 714
    30 401
    29 490
    29 832
    31 001
    32 528
    32 858

    15 208
    14 648
    14 229
    12 338
    14 038
    13 523
    13 556
    14 078
    14 290
    13 239

    18 946
    18 863
    19 227
    17 376
    16 363
    15 967
    16 276
    16 923
    18 238
    19 619

    702
    682
    1 089
    1 016
    554
    229
    257
    213
    275
    286

    1 250
    1 318
    1 505
    1 484
    1 585
    1 678
    1 789
    2 007
    2 220
    2 304

    1 981
    1 957
    1 861
    1 787
    1 734
    1 741
    1 711
    1 765
    1 736
    1 607

    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................

    13 673
    12 780
    17 664
    15 354
    15 068
    12 312
    11 705
    11 736
    9 853
    6 490

    32 271
    31 628
    34 722
    34 146
    29 539
    25 813
    24 448
    23 397
    18 794
    13 851

    28 461
    27 805
    30 227
    29 620
    24 802
    21 663
    20 536
    19 620
    15 565
    11 111

    12 356
    12 396
    13 098
    13 093
    11 016
    9 655
    9 185
    8 127
    6 526
    4 619

    16 105
    15 409
    17 129
    16 527
    13 786
    12 008
    11 351
    11 493
    9 039
    6 492

    283
    185
    257
    314
    772
    742
    776
    645
    650
    544

    2 063
    2 230
    2 733
    2 765
    2 662
    2 356
    2 181
    2 253
    1 758
    1 429

    1 464
    1 408
    1 505
    1 447
    1 303
    1 052
    955
    879
    821
    767

    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................

    4 482
    4 414
    4 361
    6 005
    4 308
    5 278
    2 923
    2 555
    2 032
    3 344

    11 059
    10 585
    10 149
    11 367
    10 756
    9 696
    8 568
    7 107
    6 405
    8 421

    8 382
    7 872
    7 723
    8 864
    8 391
    7 120
    6 357
    5 332
    4 748
    6 381

    3 469
    3 336
    3 200
    3 924
    3 649
    2 977
    3 021
    2 486
    1 996
    2 540

    4 913
    4 536
    4 523
    4 940
    4 742
    4 143
    3 336
    2 846
    2 752
    3 841

    723
    763
    446
    336
    278
    573
    446
    131
    ...
    ...

    1 210
    1 209
    1 235
    1 434
    1 394
    1 320
    1 125
    1 030
    993
    1 265

    744
    741
    745
    733
    693
    683
    640
    614
    664
    775

    Year

    Net income of
    farm operators
    from farming

    Realized gross
    farm income

    2001 .................................................................................

    59 700

    246 500

    225 800

    93 900

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................

    58 400
    57 100
    56 800
    60 400
    57 700
    52 500
    50 700
    44 533
    47 918
    38 600

    241 700
    234 500
    232 100
    238 669
    235 741
    210 743
    216 076
    204 738
    200 534
    191 950

    218 800
    212 900
    219 700
    230 600
    228 400
    203 500
    208 200
    200 300
    188 600
    184 359

    95 000
    92 400
    101 700
    112 400
    115 500
    95 700
    100 300
    87 447
    85 684
    82 077

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................

    44 700
    39 700
    40 600
    39 700
    31 000
    28 800
    26 100
    14 200
    23 800
    26 900

    198 000
    191 900
    174 500
    168 400
    156 100
    161 200
    168 000
    153 900
    164 100
    166 300

    186 000
    179 900
    171 900
    165 100
    152 800
    157 900
    156 100
    151 100
    151 300
    146 000

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................

    16 100
    27 400
    25 200
    19 900
    18 682
    25 500
    26 130
    33 349
    18 171
    14 194

    149 300
    150 700
    128 400
    108 800
    101 812
    100 600
    98 340
    98 911
    70 119
    60 603

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................

    16 825
    16 856
    14 825
    14 882
    16 253
    14 987
    12 266
    13 206
    13 215
    12 987

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941
    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    . . . = Not available.

    Total

    Crops

    Livestock and
    livestock
    products

    Gross rental
    value of farm
    dwellings

    SECTION 15: AGRICULTURE

    237

    Table 15-4Series K 256-285. Farm Income and Expenses, 19102001Continued


    (Millions of dollars.)
    Expenses of agricultural production
    Operating expenses (excluded hired labor)
    Year
    Total

    Feed
    Livestock
    purchased purchased

    Seed
    purchased 1

    Fertilizer
    and lime

    Repairs

    Miscellaneous 2

    Taxes on
    farm
    property

    Wages
    Interest on
    Net rent to
    paid for
    farm
    nonfarm
    hired farm mortgage
    landlords
    labor 3
    debt

    2001 .........................................................................

    200 770

    25 225

    15 685

    8 312

    10 323

    ...

    45 933

    7 008

    22 189

    14 144

    12 029

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................

    193 660
    188 274
    186 502
    187 637
    180 970
    173 819
    167 191
    160 500
    152 500
    153 300

    24 526
    24 527
    25 031
    26 334
    25 237
    23 832
    22 635
    21 400
    20 100
    19 300

    16 058
    13 840
    12 576
    13 820
    11 294
    12 506
    13 305
    14 600
    13 600
    14 100

    7 512
    7 212
    7 212
    6 711
    6 212
    5 462
    5 373
    5 200
    4 900
    5 100

    10 021
    9 922
    10 624
    10 927
    10 929
    10 029
    9 177
    8 400
    8 300
    8 700

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    9 200
    8 500
    8 600

    42 857
    43 929
    42 712
    41 649
    40 171
    40 213
    37 774
    28 200
    24 900
    22 500

    6 908
    6 807
    7 013
    6 939
    6 816
    6 711
    6 475
    6 300
    6 200
    5 900

    20 637
    19 808
    19 120
    18 410
    17 331
    16 294
    15 310
    15 000
    14 000
    13 900

    14 278
    13 585
    13 365
    13 133
    12 961
    12 576
    11 556
    10 800
    11 200
    12 200

    11 832
    11 308
    11 443
    11 870
    12 971
    10 914
    11 765
    10 900
    10 800
    9 900

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................

    144 300
    140 200
    133 900
    128 700
    125 100
    132 400
    141 900
    139 600
    140 300
    139 400

    20 700
    21 000
    20 400
    17 500
    17 500
    16 900
    19 400
    20 600
    18 600
    20 900

    14 700
    13 100
    12 800
    11 800
    9 800
    9 200
    9 500
    8 800
    9 700
    9 000

    3 600
    3 600
    3 400
    3 300
    3 200
    3 100
    3 400
    2 700
    3 200
    3 400

    7 100
    7 200
    6 900
    6 500
    6 800
    7 500
    8 400
    7 100
    8 000
    9 400

    7 300
    7 300
    6 800
    6 800
    6 400
    6 400
    6 400
    6 500
    6 400
    7 000

    18 800
    19 200
    17 200
    17 500
    15 500
    16 500
    16 900
    17 100
    15 500
    12 400

    5 600
    5 100
    4 800
    4 900
    4 600
    4 500
    4 300
    4 500
    4 000
    4 200

    12 500
    11 100
    10 400
    10 000
    9 500
    10 000
    9 400
    8 900
    9 400
    8 900

    14 500
    14 700
    14 700
    15 000
    16 500
    18 600
    21 100
    21 400
    21 800
    19 900

    8 200
    7 900
    7 400
    7 300
    6 100
    7 700
    8 100
    5 200
    5 500
    6 200

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................

    133 100
    123 300
    103 200
    89 000
    83 130
    75 100
    72 210
    65 562
    52 809
    47 806

    21 000
    19 300
    16 000
    14 000
    14 370
    12 900
    14 513
    13 224
    8 397
    8 049

    10 700
    13 000
    10 200
    7 100
    5 871
    5 000
    5 131
    8 065
    6 668
    5 123

    3 200
    2 900
    2 600
    2 500
    2 537
    2 100
    2 082
    1 617
    1 115
    1 072

    9 500
    7 400
    6 600
    6 500
    6 141
    6 700
    5 808
    3 354
    2 690
    2 633

    7 100
    7 300
    6 600
    5 800
    9 096
    4 500
    6 659
    5 229
    4 708
    4 707

    11 800
    11 500
    9 500
    6 700
    12 586
    5 600
    10 178
    8 836
    8 312
    7 650

    3 900
    3 900
    3 600
    3 700
    3 607
    3 200
    3 096
    2 888
    2 815
    2 704

    9 300
    9 000
    8 300
    8 000
    7 037
    6 600
    6 036
    5 232
    4 594
    4 367

    16 300
    13 100
    10 200
    8 500
    3 852
    6 400
    3 044
    2 495
    2 132
    1 905

    6 100
    6 200
    4 000
    3 400
    4 220
    4 000
    5 100
    5 679
    3 491
    2 246

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................

    41 091
    38 759
    36 209
    34 775
    33 406
    30 933
    29 481
    29 688
    28 639
    27 125

    7 189
    6 602
    5 894
    6 472
    6 324
    5 749
    5 715
    6 128
    5 575
    5 121

    4 345
    4 219
    3 676
    3 391
    3 498
    2 913
    2 420
    2 917
    3 106
    2 730

    829
    737
    672
    678
    626
    637
    566
    553
    521
    521

    2 222
    2 084
    2 130
    2 124
    1 952
    1 754
    1 701
    1 570
    1 474
    1 373

    5 031
    4 896
    4 831
    4 495
    4 227
    4 073
    3 940
    3 942
    3 944
    3 858

    5 132
    4 732
    4 451
    4 068
    3 854
    3 628
    3 515
    3 315
    3 135
    2 936

    2 957
    2 732
    2 515
    2 275
    2 108
    1 943
    1 833
    1 763
    1 684
    1 597

    3 643
    3 299
    3 047
    2 878
    2 889
    2 849
    2 913
    2 990
    2 961
    2 977

    1 717
    1 599
    1 477
    1 343
    1 205
    1 077
    952
    846
    759
    686

    1 302
    1 297
    1 307
    1 305
    1 442
    1 328
    1 223
    1 193
    1 132
    1 109

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................

    26 352
    26 106
    25 236
    23 294
    22 374
    21 889
    21 577
    21 275
    22 630
    22 252

    4 923
    4 744
    4 541
    4 035
    3 894
    3 880
    3 906
    3 770
    4 331
    4 144

    2 502
    2 693
    2 702
    1 934
    1 610
    1 539
    1 563
    1 320
    1 918
    2 437

    510
    491
    508
    510
    519
    566
    525
    551
    594
    551

    1 315
    1 291
    1 206
    1 166
    1 166
    1 185
    1 209
    1 178
    1 184
    1 064

    3 966
    4 069
    3 921
    3 917
    3 785
    3 600
    3 506
    3 541
    3 506
    3 282

    2 829
    2 724
    2 517
    2 332
    2 307
    2 204
    2 077
    2 106
    2 142
    2 064

    1 502
    1 401
    1 306
    1 242
    1 178
    1 141
    1 084
    1 060
    1 033
    983

    2 923
    2 882
    2 842
    2 734
    2 641
    2 615
    2 596
    2 736
    2 857
    2 921

    628
    572
    521
    482
    442
    402
    371
    345
    318
    291

    1 010
    1 011
    1 161
    1 029
    1 109
    1 057
    1 159
    1 214
    1 421
    1 368

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................

    19 410
    17 982
    18 790
    17 032
    14 500
    13 062
    12 333
    11 608
    10 040
    7 781

    3 283
    3 024
    3 996
    3 746
    3 022
    2 738
    2 427
    2 135
    1 625
    1 089

    2 004
    1 529
    1 589
    1 379
    1 170
    1 011
    812
    908
    877
    635

    518
    543
    581
    514
    428
    435
    440
    406
    301
    203

    975
    895
    826
    755
    683
    657
    576
    505
    417
    334

    2 975
    2 896
    2 818
    2 468
    2 054
    1 689
    1 608
    1 465
    1 289
    1 132

    1 763
    1 702
    1 580
    1 421
    1 185
    1 081
    1 071
    1 026
    937
    875

    919
    872
    806
    733
    617
    557
    499
    477
    466
    463

    2 811
    2 806
    2 990
    2 783
    2 532
    2 299
    2 202
    2 027
    1 631
    1 249

    264
    243
    232
    225
    219
    221
    230
    246
    272
    284

    1 233
    1 107
    1 370
    1 455
    1 401
    1 064
    1 043
    1 044
    890
    647

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................

    6 858
    6 266
    5 920
    6 178
    5 642
    5 116
    4 715
    4 358
    4 483
    5 537

    998
    732
    557
    805
    755
    528
    542
    422
    348
    448

    517
    465
    368
    332
    283
    312
    183
    199
    193
    253

    197
    169
    206
    194
    147
    108
    104
    65
    79
    117

    306
    273
    258
    279
    261
    188
    176
    120
    118
    202

    1 038
    959
    907
    879
    749
    717
    608
    554
    521
    635

    784
    759
    726
    732
    664
    647
    663
    669
    730
    834

    451
    456
    448
    452
    440
    434
    424
    438
    510
    589

    1 029
    988
    979
    988
    868
    775
    679
    617
    669
    914

    293
    305
    320
    341
    364
    396
    430
    472
    526
    553

    448
    379
    318
    380
    383
    347
    256
    158
    55
    136

    1Includes
    2Includes
    3Includes

    bulbs, plants, and trees.


    interest on non real estate debt, marketing, charges, net insurance premiums (crop, fire, wind, and hail) and miscellaneous supplies and services purchased.
    values of perquisites.
    . . . = Not available.

    238

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 15-4Series K 256-285. Farm Income and Expenses, 19102001Continued


    (Millions of dollars.)
    Realized gross income from farming
    Cash receipts from marketing
    Year

    Net income of
    Realized gross
    farm operators
    farm income
    from farming

    Total

    Crops

    Livestock and
    livestock
    products

    Government payments

    Value of farm
    products
    consumed in
    farm households

    Gross rental
    value of farm
    dwellings

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................

    4 259
    6 152
    5 981
    5 699
    5 937
    6 734
    4 855
    5 068
    4 343
    3 370

    11 472
    13 938
    13 598
    13 336
    13 302
    13 716
    12 785
    12 167
    11 059
    10 573

    9 055
    11 312
    10 991
    10 733
    10 558
    11 021
    10 225
    9 545
    8 575
    8 058

    3 868
    5 130
    4 956
    5 125
    4 875
    5 545
    5 413
    4 865
    4 300
    4 106

    5 187
    6 182
    6 035
    5 608
    5 683
    5 476
    4 812
    4 680
    4 275
    3 952

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 552
    1 713
    1 724
    1 725
    1 875
    1 827
    1 706
    1 772
    1 717
    1 746

    865
    913
    883
    878
    869
    868
    854
    850
    767
    769

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................
    .................................................................................

    7 795
    9 078
    8 887
    8 304
    4 570
    4 307
    4 181
    3 728
    4 456
    3 371

    15 944
    17 918
    16 547
    13 410
    9 744
    8 147
    7 793
    7 978
    7 710
    7 213

    12 600
    14 538
    13 467
    10 736
    7 746
    6 392
    6 036
    6 238
    6 008
    5 584

    6 644
    7 603
    6 974
    5 642
    4 035
    3 263
    2 899
    3 077
    3 095
    2 905

    5 956
    6 935
    6 493
    5 094
    3 711
    3 129
    3 137
    3 161
    2 913
    2 679

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 509
    2 556
    2 341
    2 003
    1 384
    1 192
    1 228
    1 222
    1 204
    1 165

    835
    824
    739
    671
    614
    563
    529
    518
    498
    464

    1910 .................................................................................

    4 176

    7 495

    5 780

    2 929

    2 851

    ...

    1 270

    445

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 15: AGRICULTURE

    239

    Table 15-4Series K 256-285. Farm Income and Expenses, 19102001Continued


    (Millions of dollars.)
    Expenses of agricultural production
    Operating expenses (excluded hired labor)
    Year
    Total

    Feed
    Livestock
    purchased purchased

    Seed
    purchased 1

    Fertilizer
    and lime

    Repairs

    Miscellaneous 2

    Taxes on
    farm
    property

    Wages
    Interest on
    Net rent to
    paid for
    farm
    nonfarm
    hired farm mortgage
    landlords
    labor 3
    debt

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................

    6 944
    7 664
    7 757
    7 462
    7 372
    7 347
    7 447
    7 054
    6 614
    6 638

    791
    919
    977
    892
    891
    988
    1 116
    819
    676
    710

    362
    504
    588
    465
    396
    382
    313
    304
    319
    202

    124
    122
    134
    140
    142
    136
    120
    111
    109
    123

    297
    300
    318
    267
    298
    299
    264
    263
    234
    249

    785
    886
    827
    787
    774
    711
    654
    637
    557
    550

    914
    998
    1 001
    986
    1 033
    1 021
    1 030
    1 027
    1 027
    1 052

    648
    651
    636
    620
    599
    589
    583
    590
    583
    586

    1 177
    1 300
    1 290
    1 302
    1 330
    1 267
    1 248
    1 251
    1 127
    1 170

    570
    582
    590
    593
    598
    612
    647
    679
    680
    653

    321
    486
    496
    520
    425
    470
    520
    430
    368
    304

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................
    .........................................................................

    8 837
    8 331
    7 507
    6 092
    4 836
    4 167
    4 029
    3 974
    3 833
    3 582

    1 254
    1 097
    1 106
    614
    517
    411
    414
    406
    419
    350

    422
    567
    522
    414
    260
    207
    215
    250
    217
    188

    178
    138
    132
    122
    76
    62
    62
    62
    74
    65

    390
    358
    311
    232
    193
    165
    195
    175
    161
    168

    695
    615
    536
    464
    395
    343
    297
    289
    278
    251

    1 263
    1 143
    1 024
    863
    715
    639
    648
    634
    606
    588

    556
    454
    361
    339
    304
    284
    261
    257
    225
    215

    1 790
    1 515
    1 337
    1 127
    904
    815
    804
    804
    789
    758

    574
    476
    417
    379
    341
    314
    296
    276
    252
    225

    504
    928
    859
    825
    534
    403
    355
    340
    343
    331

    1910 .........................................................................

    3 531

    426

    199

    56

    152

    251

    558

    195

    755

    203

    320

    1Includes
    2Includes
    3Includes

    bulbs, plants, and trees.


    interest on non real estate debt, marketing, charges, net insurance premiums (crop, fire, wind, and hail) and miscellaneous supplies and services purchased.
    values of perquisites.

    240

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 15-5Series K 358-360. Consumer Expenditures, Farm Value, and Marketing Bill for All Farm Food
    Products Purchased by Domestic Civilian Consumers, 19132001
    (Billions of dollars.)
    Year

    Consumer expenditures 1

    Farm value

    Marketing bill

    2001 ...............................................................................................................................................

    688

    130

    558

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................

    661
    625
    585
    566
    547
    530
    512
    489
    474
    465

    123
    122
    120
    122
    122
    114
    110
    110
    105
    102

    538
    503
    465
    445
    424
    416
    403
    380
    369
    364

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................

    441
    419
    399
    376
    360
    345
    332
    315
    299
    288

    107
    104
    97
    90
    89
    86
    90
    85
    81
    83

    334
    316
    302
    285
    271
    259
    242
    230
    218
    204

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................

    264
    245
    217
    189
    181
    167
    152
    137
    120
    ...

    82
    79
    70
    57
    58
    56
    56
    51
    39
    ...

    183
    166
    147
    132
    123
    111
    96
    86
    81
    ...

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................

    102
    95
    90
    85
    83
    78
    48
    72
    69
    67

    33
    32
    29
    27
    28
    26
    23
    23
    22
    22

    68
    63
    61
    58
    55
    52
    51
    49
    47
    45

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................

    66
    63
    61
    58
    56
    53
    51
    51
    51
    49

    22
    21
    22
    21
    19
    19
    19
    20
    20
    20

    44
    42
    40
    38
    36
    34
    32
    32
    30
    29

    1950 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1949 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1948 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1947 2 .............................................................................................................................................
    1947 3 .............................................................................................................................................
    1946 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1945 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1944 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1943 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1942 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1941 ...............................................................................................................................................

    44
    43
    45
    42
    36
    31
    24
    22
    22
    20
    16

    18
    17
    20
    19
    19
    16
    13
    12
    11
    9
    7

    26
    26
    25
    23
    18
    16
    12
    11
    11
    10
    9

    1940 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1939 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1939 4 .............................................................................................................................................
    1938 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1937 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1936 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1935 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1935 4 .............................................................................................................................................
    1934 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1933 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1932 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1931 ...............................................................................................................................................

    14
    15
    13
    13
    14
    14
    14
    13
    12
    11
    11
    13

    6
    5
    5
    5
    6
    6
    5
    5
    4
    4
    3
    5

    8
    10
    8
    8
    8
    8
    9
    8
    8
    7
    7
    8

    1For 19131947, consumer expenditures for farm food eaten away from home are based on retail food store prices.
    2Comparable with later years. Beginning 1947, a new series based on 1958 benchmark estimate.
    3Comparable with earlier years.
    4Revised figures according to the commodity flow method; comparable to 19471970.

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 15: AGRICULTURE

    241

    Table 15-5Series K 358-360. Consumer Expenditures, Farm Value, and Marketing Bill for All Farm Food
    Products Purchased by Domestic Civilian Consumers, 19132001Continued
    (Billions of dollars.)
    Year

    Consumer expenditures 1

    Farm value

    Marketing bill

    1930
    1929
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................

    16
    18
    17
    16
    16
    16
    16
    14
    14
    13
    13

    6
    8
    7
    7
    10
    7
    7
    6
    6
    5
    5

    10
    10
    10
    9
    10
    9
    9
    9
    8
    8
    8

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913

    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................

    16
    15
    13
    12
    10
    8
    8
    7

    7
    8
    7
    6
    4
    4
    4
    4

    9
    8
    6
    6
    5
    4
    4
    4

    1For

    19131947, consumer expenditures for farm food eaten away from home are based on retail food store prices.

    242

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 15-6Series K 496-501. Acreages of Harvested Crops by Use, and Indexes of Cropland Used for
    Crops and Crop Production per Acre, 19101998 1
    (Acres in millions.)
    Acreages of harvested crops by use (million acres)
    Year
    Total

    Index (1977 = 100)

    Products for domestic use

    2002
    2001
    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................

    317
    321
    325
    327
    326
    332
    326
    314
    339
    330
    337
    337

    90
    90
    91
    91
    91
    92
    92
    88
    90
    87
    89
    89

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................

    322
    318
    297
    302
    325
    342
    348
    306
    362
    366

    90
    90
    87
    88
    94
    98
    99
    88
    101
    102

    239
    215
    179
    196
    229
    263
    252
    182
    249
    237

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................

    352
    348
    337
    344
    337
    336
    328
    321
    294
    305

    101
    100
    97
    100
    98
    97
    96
    93
    88
    90

    215
    232
    224
    232
    240
    236
    229
    225
    203
    243

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................

    297
    294
    303
    308
    295
    298
    301
    300
    295
    303

    88
    88
    89
    90
    88
    89
    89
    89
    88
    90

    225
    233
    249
    239
    226
    222
    227
    223
    229
    21 232

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................

    324
    324
    324
    324
    324
    340
    346
    348
    349
    344

    94
    95
    94
    95
    98
    100
    100
    100
    100
    102

    255
    257
    273
    268
    255
    283
    298
    304
    298
    267

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................

    345
    360
    356
    355
    352
    354
    362
    357
    348
    344

    100
    102
    100
    99
    98
    98
    100
    100
    98
    97

    276
    293
    280
    287
    278
    280
    301
    299
    296
    292

    1Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.


    21961 and earlier, does not include feed for horses or mules.

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 15: AGRICULTURE

    243

    Table 15-6Series K 496-501. Acreages of Harvested Crops by Use, and Indexes of Cropland Used for
    Crops and Crop Production per Acre, 19101998 1Continued
    (Acres in millions.)
    Acreages of harvested crops by use (million acres)
    Year
    Total

    Index (1977 = 100)

    Products for domestic use

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................

    341
    331
    349
    347
    323
    345
    304
    340
    371
    365

    97
    96
    98
    100
    99
    100
    99
    100
    102
    101

    290
    263
    279
    266
    251
    269
    227
    253
    276
    267

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................

    369
    365
    361
    358
    359
    360
    355
    354
    355
    359

    101
    100
    99
    99
    98
    98
    97
    97
    97
    97

    265
    254
    242
    236
    229
    238
    221
    223
    219
    206

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................

    360
    364
    362
    349
    340
    340
    334
    333
    329
    330

    97
    99
    98
    94
    92
    92
    90
    90
    89
    89

    210
    217
    208
    213
    195
    198
    185
    198
    196
    200

    1910 ...............................................................................................................................................

    325

    87

    200

    1Excludes

    Alaska and Hawaii.

    244

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 15-7. Gross Farm Product Summary, 19802001


    (Billions of dollars.)
    Year

    1980

    1990

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    Current Dollars
    Farm output, total ...................................................................................................
    Cash receipts from farm marketing ....................................................................
    Farm housing .....................................................................................................
    Farm products consumed on farms ...................................................................
    Other farm income .............................................................................................
    Change in farm inventories ................................................................................
    Less: intermediate goods and services purchased 1 .............................................
    Equal: gross farm product ......................................................................................
    Less: Consumption of fixed capital ........................................................................
    Indirect business tax 2 ........................................................................................
    Plus: Subsidies to operators ..................................................................................

    142.9
    140.3
    5.1
    1.2
    2.4
    -6.1
    86.8
    56.1
    18.6
    3.0
    1.0

    185.3
    172.1
    5.1
    0.7
    4.9
    2.4
    105.7
    79.6
    22.1
    4.3
    7.5

    197.9
    194.2
    6.0
    0.5
    6.3
    -9.2
    124.7
    73.2
    24.6
    5.0
    6.1

    222.6
    201.2
    6.2
    0.5
    6.8
    7.9
    130.4
    92.2
    25.4
    5.0
    6.2

    226.3
    208.6
    6.4
    0.5
    7.8
    2.9
    138.1
    88.3
    26.3
    5.2
    6.3

    214.6
    197.6
    6.7
    0.5
    9.0
    0.9
    134.1
    80.6
    27.3
    5.2
    10.4

    207.5
    191.4
    7.2
    0.5
    9.9
    -1.5
    132.3
    75.2
    28.9
    5.3
    18.4

    214.3
    199.4
    7.6
    0.6
    8.9
    -2.2
    136.5
    77.8
    28.7
    5.4
    19.5

    221.3
    200.9
    8.0
    0.6
    10.3
    1.6
    140.7
    80.6
    29.4
    5.6
    17.7

    Equals: Farm National Income ..............................................................................

    35.5

    60.8

    49.7

    68.1

    63.1

    58.5

    59.3

    63.3

    63.2

    Chained 1996 Dollars


    Farm output, total ...................................................................................................
    Cash receipts from farm marketings ..................................................................
    Farm housings ...................................................................................................
    Fram products consumed on farms ...................................................................
    Other farm income .............................................................................................
    Change in farm inventories ................................................................................
    Less: Intermediate goods and services purchased 1 .............................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    200.8
    186.3
    6.9
    0.6
    5.7
    2.6
    117.0

    217.9
    214.7
    6.3
    0.5
    7.0
    -12.3
    132.3

    222.6
    201.2
    6.2
    0.5
    6.8
    7.9
    130.4

    237.5
    218.7
    6.0
    0.5
    8.2
    3.2
    134.4

    238.5
    219.8
    6.0
    0.5
    9.9
    1.6
    138.2

    244.1
    226.2
    6.1
    0.5
    11.8
    -2.0
    137.2

    249.2
    233.4
    6.0
    0.5
    10.6
    -2.5
    133.3

    246.1
    224.4
    5.9
    0.5
    12.2
    2.0
    134.6

    Equals: Gross farm product ...................................................................................

    ...

    84.2

    85.5

    92.2

    103.6

    100.3

    108.1

    120.5

    114.3

    1Includes

    rent paid to nonoperator landlords.


    nontax liability.
    . . . = Not available.

    2Includes

    SECTION 15: AGRICULTURE

    245

    Table 15-8. Value Added to the Economy by Agricultural Sector, 19802001


    (Billions of dollars.)
    Year

    1980

    1990

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    Final agricultural sector output ...............................................................................


    Final crop output (sales) 1 ......................................................................................
    Final animal output (sales) 1 ..................................................................................
    Services and forestry .............................................................................................
    Machine hire and custom work ..........................................................................
    Forest products sold ..........................................................................................
    Other farm income .............................................................................................
    Gross imputed rental value of farm dwellings ....................................................

    148.0
    64.4
    70.3
    13.3
    0.7
    1.0
    0.6
    11.0

    188.8
    83.3
    90.2
    15.3
    1.8
    1.9
    4.5
    7.2

    203.5
    95.7
    87.8
    19.9
    1.9
    2.8
    5.8
    9.4

    228.4
    115.5
    92.1
    20.8
    2.2
    2.7
    6.2
    9.8

    230.6
    112.4
    96.5
    21.8
    2.4
    2.9
    6.9
    9.7

    219.7
    101.7
    94.2
    23.8
    2.2
    3.1
    8.7
    9.9

    212.9
    92.4
    95.3
    25.2
    2.0
    2.8
    10.2
    10.2

    218.8
    95.0
    99.3
    24.4
    2.2
    2.9
    8.7
    10.7

    225.8
    93.9
    106.3
    25.6
    2.0
    2.8
    10.1
    10.6

    Less: Intermediate consumption outlays ...............................................................


    Farm origin 2 ..........................................................................................................
    Feed purchased .................................................................................................
    Livestock and poultry purchased .......................................................................
    Manufactured inputs 2 ............................................................................................
    Fertilizers and lime .............................................................................................
    Pesticides ..........................................................................................................
    Other intermediate expenses 2 ..............................................................................
    Repair and maintenance of capital items ...........................................................

    77.0
    34.9
    21.0
    10.7
    22.4
    9.5
    3.5
    19.7
    7.1

    92.9
    39.5
    20.4
    14.6
    22.0
    8.2
    5.4
    31.4
    8.6

    109.7
    41.8
    23.8
    12.5
    26.1
    10.0
    7.7
    41.7
    9.5

    113.2
    42.7
    25.2
    11.3
    28.6
    10.9
    8.5
    41.9
    10.3

    119.8
    46.9
    26.3
    13.8
    29.2
    10.9
    9.0
    44.6
    10.4

    117.6
    44.8
    25.0
    12.6
    28.1
    10.6
    9.0
    44.6
    10.4

    118.6
    45.6
    24.5
    13.8
    27.1
    9.9
    8.6
    45.9
    10.5

    121.9
    48.1
    24.5
    16.1
    28.7
    10.0
    8.5
    45.1
    10.8

    127.5
    49.2
    25.2
    15.7
    29.7
    10.3
    8.6
    48.6
    11.2

    Plus: net government transactions 3 ......................................................................


    Direct government payments .............................................................................
    Property taxes ....................................................................................................
    Equals: gross value added ....................................................................................
    Less: capital consumption .....................................................................................
    Equals: net value added ........................................................................................
    Less: employee compensation ..............................................................................
    Less: net rent received by nonoperator landlords .................................................
    Less: real estate and nonreal estate interest .........................................................

    -2.8
    1.3
    3.9
    68.2
    21.5
    46.7
    8.3
    6.1
    16.3

    3.1
    9.3
    5.9
    98.9
    18.1
    80.8
    12.5
    10.2
    13.4

    0.1
    7.3
    6.8
    93.9
    19.2
    74.8
    14.3
    10.9
    12.6

    0.1
    7.3
    6.8
    115.3
    19.4
    95.9
    15.2
    13.0
    13.0

    4.9
    12.4
    7.0
    110.9
    19.5
    91.4
    15.9
    11.9
    13.1

    4.9
    12.4
    7.0
    107.0
    19.9
    87.2
    16.8
    11.4
    13.4

    14.3
    21.5
    6.8
    108.6
    20.1
    88.4
    17.4
    11.3
    13.6

    15.5
    22.9
    6.9
    112.4
    20.3
    92.1
    17.9
    11.8
    14.3

    13.2
    20.7
    7.0
    111.5
    20.6
    90.9
    19.0
    12.0
    14.1

    Equals: net farm income ........................................................................................

    16.1

    44.6

    37.0

    54.8

    50.5

    45.6

    46.2

    48.0

    45.7

    1Includes

    home consumption and value of inventory adjustment.


    other outlays not shown separately.
    3Direct government payments minus motor vehicle registration and licensing fees and property taxes.
    2Includes

    246

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 15-9. Value of Agricultural Exports and Imports, 19802002


    (Billions of dollars, percent.)
    Exports, domestic products
    Year

    Imports for consumption

    Trade balance
    Total

    Percent of all exports

    Total

    Percent of all imports

    2002 .........................................................................................................
    2001 .........................................................................................................

    11.1
    14.3

    53.0
    53.7

    8
    8

    41.9
    39.4

    4
    3

    2000 .........................................................................................................
    1999 .........................................................................................................
    1998 .........................................................................................................
    1997 .........................................................................................................
    1996 .........................................................................................................
    1995 .........................................................................................................
    1994 .........................................................................................................
    1993 .........................................................................................................
    1992 .........................................................................................................
    1991 .........................................................................................................

    12.3
    10.7
    14.9
    21.1
    26.9
    26.1
    19.2
    17.8
    18.4
    16.5

    51.2
    48.4
    51.8
    57.2
    60.4
    56.3
    46.3
    42.9
    43.2
    39.4

    7
    8
    8
    9
    10
    10
    10
    10
    10
    10

    39.0
    37.7
    36.9
    36.1
    33.5
    30.3
    27.0
    25.1
    24.8
    22.9

    3
    4
    4
    4
    4
    4
    4
    4
    5
    5

    1990 .........................................................................................................

    16.6

    39.5

    11

    22.9

    1980 .........................................................................................................

    23.9

    41.2

    18

    17.4

    SECTION

    16

    FORESTRY AND FISHERIES

    248

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 16

    FORESTRY AND
    FISHERIES
    Highlights
    National Forest System, 19002002
    240
    220
    200
    180

    Acres (millions)

    160
    140
    120

    Within unit boundaries


    Under Forest Service administration

    100
    80
    60
    40
    20
    0
    1900

    1910

    1920

    1930

    1940

    1950

    1960

    1970

    1980

    1990

    1998

    2002

    Year

    The National Forest Service is the largest landowner in the United States and oversees the National Forest
    System, which covers more than 232 million acres. A
    forest is defined as land that is at least 10 percent
    stocked by forest trees of any size. The states with the
    largest forest areas in 2002 are California (24.4 million
    acres), Alaska (24.3 million acres), Idaho (21.5 million
    acres), Montana (19.1 million acres), and Oregon (17.5
    million acres).

    Data on lumber were first collected in 1810 by the


    Census Office (later the Census Bureau). Subsequent
    statistics were published by this agency for 1819, decennially for 1839 to 1899, and annually from 1904 to 1954,
    except in 1905, 1906, 1913, 1915 to 1918, 1920, and 1948.
    Current data are reported in An Analysis of the Timber

    Situation in the United States, 19892040; Forest Statistics


    of the United States, U.S. Timber Production, Trade,
    Consumption and Price Statistics, 19601988; and the
    annual Land Areas of the National Forest System.

    The total forest area of the United States in 1992


    was 754 million acres, of which 360 million acres were in
    private hands, 116 million acres were federally owned
    or managed, and 29 million acres were owned by states,
    counties, and municipalities. Of the total acreage, 168
    million acres were in the Northeast, 212 million acres in
    the South, 142 million acres in the Rockies, and 217 million acres in the West. The net volume of growing stock
    was 786 billion cubic feet, of which softwood accounted
    for 450 billion cubic feet.

    SECTION 16: FORESTRY AND FISHERIES

    The most popular softwood is Douglas fir, and the


    most popular hardwood is oak. However, stumpage
    prices for Sugar pine ($209) are generally higher than
    those for Douglas fir ($185) because it is favored by
    carpenters and construction people.

    249

    Fisheries Service. Statistics on commercial landed catches of fish are shown as round, salable weight of recoverable meat. Data do not include catches made for personal use by hobby fishermen, or landings by foreign
    fishing vessels.

    The GDP of timber-related industry was $106.2 billion in 2002, of which paper and allied products
    accounted for $73.0 billion and wood products for $33.1
    billion. The wood manufacturing products industries
    employed 556,000 persons, and paper, paperboard, and
    other paper products industries employed 530,000 persons in 2001. In 2002, domestic production of industrial
    roundwood was 14.9 billion cubic feet; lumber, 7.1 billion cubic feet; plywood and veneer, 1.1 billion cubic
    feet; and pulp products, 5.7 billion cubic feet.

    The fishing species most often caught are whiting,


    cod, flounder, haddock, herring, lobster, mackerel, and
    ocean perch in the New England states; menhaden, oysters, and crabs in the Middle Atlantic and Chesapeake
    Bay states; shrimp, menhaden, and mullet in the South
    Atlantic and Gulf states; lake trout and white fish in the
    Great Lakes states; tuna, salmon, sardine, halibut, and
    mackerel in the Pacific coast states; tuna in Hawaii; and
    salmon, halibut, and herring in Alaska.

    6 The total production of paper and paperboard in


    2000 was 96.3 million short tons, of which paper

    The total fish catch in 2001 was 9.5 billion pounds


    valued at $3.2 billion. Of these, shellfish accounted for
    1.2 billion pounds worth $1.7 billion. Menhaden and
    pollock account for more than half the fish catch, but
    salmon has the highest dollar value ($208.9 million)
    after Pollock ($230.7 million). Among shellfish, shrimp
    ($568.5 million) and crabs ($381.7 million) have the
    highest dollar value. The largest fishing ports (on the
    basis of landed fish) are Dutch Harbor in Alaska,
    Pascagoula-Moss Point in Mississippi, Kodiak in Alaska,
    and Empire-Venice in Louisiana. The largest fishing
    port (on the basis of value of fish catch) is New
    Bedford, Massachusetts. In 2001, 1.7 million pounds of
    fish were canned. Shrimp is the most abundant supply
    in 2001 with 1.3 million pounds followed by canned
    tuna (796 million pounds).

    accounted for 45.5 million short tons. The United States


    consumes double its annual production of newsprint of
    13.0 million metric tons.

    The first comprehensive statistical study of fisheries and fishery industries was produced for the year
    1880 by the U.S. National Museum with the cooperation
    of the Commission of Fisheries and the Superintendent
    of the Tenth Census. The next general survey was conducted by the Bureau of the Census in 1908, followed
    by one in 1931 and another in 1950. Since then, annual
    data have been available for all coastal areas. Annual
    surveys are also made of the Mississippi River and its
    tributaries. Extended data are available for landing at
    the important fishing ports for certain species and for
    canned and industrial fishery products. Current fishery
    data are published in the Current Fishery Statistics and
    Fisheries of the United States by the National Marine

    10
    Aquaculture has become a major sector of the
    fishing industry, producing 598.5 million pounds of catfish and 54.5 million pounds of trout in 2002 for a value
    of $58.3 million.

    250

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 16-1Series L 10-14. National Forest System Areas and Purchases, 19052002
    (Acres, thousands of dollars, forest area and forest purchases data as of June 30.)
    Gross area of national forests and other lands 1
    Year

    Within unit boundaries


    (thousands of acres)

    Gross area approved for national forest purchase

    Under Forest Service administration


    (thousands of acres)

    Total area
    (acres)

    Total price
    (thousands of dollars)

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    232 380
    ...

    192 462
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    231 864
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    231 502
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    191 813
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    191 453
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    231 000
    231 000
    230 000
    230 000
    230 000
    230 000
    230 000
    230 000
    230 000
    230 000

    191 000
    191 000
    191 000
    191 000
    191 000
    191 000
    191 000
    191 000
    191 000
    191 000

    51 000
    99 000
    42 000
    87 000
    23 000
    16 000
    8 000
    7 000
    2 000
    111 000

    24 000
    34 000
    235 000
    38 000
    7 000
    6 900
    4 200
    2 400
    1 500
    50 400

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    226 000
    226 000
    226 000
    226 000
    226 000
    226 000
    226 000
    226 000
    225 000
    225 000

    187 000
    187 000
    188 000
    188 000
    188 000
    188 000
    187 000
    187 000
    187 000
    187 000

    42 000
    58 000
    51 000
    45 000
    43 000
    12 000
    25 000
    117 000
    79 000
    32 000

    27 900
    30 200
    22 500
    16 600
    12 300
    3 300
    6 000
    17 500
    14 752
    4 467

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    226 064
    226 045
    226 502
    227 721
    226 519
    226 434
    225 743
    225 584
    225 613
    226 110

    186 900
    186 632
    186 921
    186 799
    186 497
    186 577
    186 476
    186 316
    186 324
    186 385

    92 437
    126 341
    112 767
    104 507
    171 947
    28 507
    40 873
    24 698
    22 556
    10 355

    11 539
    12 353
    9 413
    7 037
    13 307
    1 364
    1 600
    1 795
    964
    236

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    226 623
    227 359
    231 080
    231 293
    232 118
    235 728
    235 694
    229 112
    229 165
    229 258

    185 772
    185 805
    188 042
    188 013
    188 117
    188 120
    188 138
    181 568
    181 293
    181 255

    7 845
    8 716
    10 463
    17 519
    21 376
    18 665
    17 761
    7 969
    10 181
    25 317

    114
    224
    722
    416
    372
    192
    109
    99
    106
    265

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    229 341
    229 175
    228 936
    228 810
    228 760
    228 703
    228 643
    228 633
    228 725
    228 309

    181 205
    180 895
    180 528
    180 264
    179 726
    179 381
    179 101
    178 508
    178 340
    177 653

    61 078
    60 719
    103 490
    380 471
    ...
    5
    9
    8 759
    243 522
    195 818

    532
    464
    739
    2 190
    ...
    1
    1
    38
    1 103
    805

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    228 174
    228 784
    227 280
    226 621
    197 435
    188 292
    188 037
    186 837
    186 215
    185 252

    176 779
    176 494
    175 238
    174 405
    165 979
    163 310
    162 591
    162 009
    161 361
    160 788

    553 077
    534 138
    800 113
    425 637
    289 104
    366 184
    420 681
    667 314
    83 086
    547 945

    2 203
    2 275
    2 713
    2 124
    11 535
    14 991
    10 018
    1 221
    206
    1 944

    1On January 2, 1954, some 6,910,000 acres of land utilization project lands were transferred to the Forest Service for administration.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 16: FORESTRY AND FISHERIES

    251

    Table 16-1Series L 10-14. National Forest System Areas and Purchases, 19052002Continued
    (Acres, thousands of dollars, forest area and forest purchases data as of June 30.)
    Gross area of national forests and other lands 1
    Year

    Within unit boundaries


    (thousands of acres)

    Gross area approved for national forest purchase

    Under Forest Service administration


    (thousands of acres)

    Total area
    (acres)

    Total price
    (thousands of dollars)

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    183 976
    184 565
    184 404
    183 938
    184 124
    184 126
    182 817
    182 100
    181 800
    181 820

    160 091
    159 751
    159 481
    158 800
    158 759
    158 395
    157 503
    157 237
    156 837
    156 666

    538 048
    464 177
    261 107
    135 088
    191 725
    247 067
    130 290
    79 923
    242 169
    112 397

    1 468
    1 787
    1 996
    726
    737
    1 187
    425
    348
    826
    499

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    180 300
    174 261
    175 951
    176 340
    176 089
    184 506
    185 321
    186 617
    187 406
    190 608

    156 032
    153 933
    155 375
    155 220
    155 400
    162 773
    163 849
    165 517
    165 027
    168 165

    101 428
    103 355
    185 199
    175 463
    54 898
    282 900
    391 114
    425 717
    287 698
    ...

    451
    657
    848
    853
    316
    1 618
    1 940
    2 005
    1 627
    ...

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    192 931
    194 505
    167 977
    150 832
    106 994
    85 693

    168 029
    172 230
    147 820
    132 732
    94 159
    75 352

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1On January 2, 1954, some 6,910,000 acres of land utilization project lands were transferred to the Forest Service for administration.
    . . . = Not available.

    252

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 16-2Series L 72-86. Domestic Production, Net Imports, and Apparent Consumption of Industrial
    Products in Roundwood Equivalent, 19002002
    (Millions of cubic feet, excludes fuelwood.)
    Total
    Year

    Domestic
    production

    Net imports

    Apparent
    consumption

    Domestic
    production of
    lumber

    Domestic
    production of
    plywood and
    veneer

    Domestic
    production of
    pulp products

    Logs
    Imports

    Exports

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    14 902
    14 634

    2 736
    2 846

    17 637
    17 481

    7 060
    6 820

    1 074
    1 067

    5 708
    5 691

    81
    70

    309
    307

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    15 436
    15 632
    15 620
    15 703
    15 416
    15 537
    15 306
    15 011
    14 994
    14 780

    2 533
    2 406
    2 206
    1 718
    1 621
    1 625
    1 493
    1 322
    ...
    ...

    17 696
    18 038
    17 827
    17 421
    17 034
    17 161
    16 800
    16 334
    15 628
    15 153

    7 199
    7 379
    7 093
    7 103
    6 886
    6 815
    7 052
    6 887
    6 864
    6 677

    1 187
    1 208
    1 201
    1 213
    1 281
    1 303
    1 320
    1 293
    1 265
    1 226

    5 881
    5 813
    6 114
    6 097
    5 908
    6 079
    5 576
    5 423
    5 463
    5 434

    68
    47
    30
    20
    18
    13
    18
    15
    7
    2

    331
    326
    316
    384
    422
    451
    429
    460
    351
    331

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    15 530
    15 413
    14 985
    14 670
    13 845
    12 515
    12 725
    12 065
    10 910
    10 710

    784
    ...
    1 245
    1 925
    2 075
    2 270
    2 105
    1 600
    1 020
    1 665

    15 986
    ...
    16 230
    16 595
    15 920
    14 785
    14 830
    13 665
    11 930
    11 775

    7 213
    ...
    6 920
    6 990
    6 545
    5 665
    5 770
    5 370
    4 635
    4 395

    1 368
    ...
    1 630
    1 650
    1 505
    1 420
    1 400
    1 365
    1 135
    1 180

    5 353
    ...
    4 885
    4 670
    4 545
    4 165
    4 355
    4 165
    3 980
    4 125

    4
    ...
    15
    15
    15
    20
    30
    30
    20
    20

    288
    ...
    825
    705
    620
    655
    600
    565
    550
    435

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    12 120
    12 510
    12 235
    11 965
    11 815
    10 575
    11 540
    11 925
    11 440
    11 310

    900
    1 520
    1 910
    1 515
    970
    530
    950
    1 395
    1 515
    1 565

    13 020
    14 030
    14 145
    13 480
    12 785
    11 105
    12 490
    13 325
    12 960
    12 875

    5 300
    5 680
    5 825
    5 730
    5 475
    4 890
    5 095
    5 670
    5 535
    5 715

    1 175
    1 370
    1 460
    1 425
    1 355
    1 165
    1 150
    1 320
    1 300
    1 225

    4 390
    4 110
    3 745
    3 645
    3 805
    3 485
    4 220
    3 755
    3 520
    3 560

    25
    25
    20
    30
    15
    15
    15
    5
    10
    15

    560
    665
    585
    525
    555
    455
    455
    575
    535
    360

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    11 115
    11 000
    11 025
    10 410
    10 645
    10 540
    10 170
    9 560
    9 035
    8 745

    1 065
    1 375
    1 275
    1 205
    1 430
    1 385
    1 315
    1 360
    1 415
    1 250

    12 180
    12 370
    12 305
    11 615
    12 075
    11 930
    11 485
    10 920
    10 450
    9 995

    5 355
    5 535
    5 630
    5 360
    5 645
    5 670
    5 635
    5 355
    5 120
    4 945

    1 065
    1 050
    1 120
    1 030
    1 030
    1 030
    960
    870
    800
    765

    3 835
    3 585
    3 385
    3 190
    3 190
    3 095
    2 865
    2 670
    2 565
    2 475

    25
    15
    15
    15
    15
    10
    10
    15
    20
    20

    430
    375
    405
    310
    220
    190
    170
    150
    85
    75

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    8 920
    9 390
    8 530
    8 615
    9 620
    9 225
    8 755
    8 790
    8 775
    8 740

    1 220
    1 345
    1 185
    1 155
    1 330
    1 270
    1 190
    1 230
    1 160
    1 205

    10 145
    10 735
    9 715
    9 770
    10 950
    10 495
    9 945
    10 020
    9 935
    9 950

    5 080
    5 745
    5 160
    5 100
    5 920
    5 785
    5 635
    5 710
    5 820
    5 780

    705
    720
    615
    560
    590
    575
    480
    475
    435
    390

    2 575
    2 355
    2 165
    2 350
    2 475
    2 200
    1 960
    1 910
    1 810
    1 825

    20
    20
    15
    25
    30
    35
    35
    40
    30
    35

    45
    35
    30
    25
    30
    25
    25
    20
    10
    15

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    8 525
    7 355
    8 375
    8 090
    7 705
    6 605
    7 455
    7 560
    8 085
    8 055

    1 380
    935
    1 090
    815
    810
    685
    555
    565
    705
    650

    9 910
    8 290
    9 465
    8 905
    8 515
    7 290
    8 010
    8 125
    8 790
    8 705

    5 905
    5 000
    5 750
    5 500
    5 295
    4 365
    5 115
    5 325
    5 645
    5 680

    345
    320
    290
    275
    255
    250
    270
    280
    305
    265

    1 500
    1 275
    1 470
    1 370
    1 260
    1 140
    1 160
    1 030
    1 130
    1 075

    45
    30
    45
    30
    25
    25
    25
    20
    30
    55

    10
    10
    10
    10
    (Z)
    5
    5
    5
    5
    5

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6 990
    6 370
    5 570
    6 360
    5 990
    5 090
    4 340
    4 040
    3 400
    4 600

    420
    535
    470
    610
    560
    420
    355
    345
    305
    335

    7 410
    6 905
    6 040
    6 980
    6 540
    5 515
    4 695
    4 385
    3 705
    4 945

    4 845
    4 470
    3 860
    4 505
    4 295
    3 565
    2 925
    2 665
    2 100
    3 105

    235
    210
    195
    195
    165
    145
    130
    125
    120
    125

    930
    725
    595
    640
    555
    485
    430
    415
    350
    400

    35
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    10
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Z = Less than 2.5 million cubic feet.


    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 16: FORESTRY AND FISHERIES

    253

    Table 16-2Series L 72-86. Domestic Production, Net Imports, and Apparent Consumption of Industrial
    Products in Roundwood Equivalent, 19002002Continued
    (Millions of cubic feet, excludes fuelwood.)
    Total
    Year

    Domestic
    production

    Net imports

    Apparent
    consumption

    Domestic
    production of
    lumber

    Domestic
    production of
    plywood and
    veneer

    Domestic
    production of
    pulp products

    Logs
    Imports

    Exports

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6 305
    8 045
    7 670
    7 780
    8 215
    8 350
    8 250
    8 535
    7 605
    6 560

    400
    330
    290
    340
    375
    360
    285
    345
    290
    165

    6 705
    8 375
    7 960
    8 115
    8 595
    8 710
    8 530
    8 880
    7 895
    6 730

    4 560
    6 020
    5 710
    5 790
    6 180
    6 375
    6 140
    6 375
    5 480
    4 505

    155
    200
    175
    175
    145
    135
    115
    115
    90
    75

    395
    445
    400
    380
    400
    345
    340
    340
    340
    260

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    7 770
    7 725
    7 310
    7 940
    8 530
    8 020
    8 565
    9 170
    9 330
    9 020

    205
    125
    180
    170
    165
    135
    15
    165
    145
    150

    7 975
    7 850
    7 490
    8 110
    8 695
    8 150
    8 550
    9 005
    9 185
    8 870

    5 440
    5 370
    4 955
    5 570
    6 185
    5 750
    6 290
    6 835
    6 990
    6 680

    80
    105
    95
    90
    90
    85
    85
    80
    80
    80

    360
    330
    335
    245
    325
    300
    265
    260
    250
    240

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    9 295
    9 275
    8 725
    9 555
    9 225
    8 625
    8 490
    8 215
    7 880
    7 580

    80
    50
    80
    115
    95
    90
    150
    140
    60
    110

    9 215
    9 225
    8 645
    9 440
    9 130
    8 535
    8 340
    8 075
    7 820
    7 470

    6 910
    6 910
    6 520
    7 145
    7 145
    6 755
    6 675
    6 445
    6 180
    5 930

    90
    80
    70
    65
    60
    35
    20
    15
    10
    5

    220
    230
    205
    235
    225
    195
    190
    175
    160
    150

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1900 ......................................................

    7 285

    140

    7 140

    5 680

    135

    ...

    ...

    . . . = Not available.

    254

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 16-3Series L 87-97. Per Capita Consumption of Timber Products, by Major Product, 19001999
    (Forest area and forest purchases data as of June 30.)
    Industrial roundwood
    Year

    All products
    Total

    Lumber

    Plywood and veneer

    Pulp products

    Miscellaneous
    products 1

    Fuelwood

    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    72.8
    72.2
    70.9
    73.8
    75.9
    76.3
    75.0
    74.5
    72.4

    63.5
    62.9
    61.4
    63.5
    64.7
    64.3
    63.0
    62.6
    60.4

    36.7
    35.7
    34.6
    34.1
    33.8
    34.3
    33.3
    32.8
    31.0

    4.8
    4.7
    4.6
    4.9
    5.0
    5.1
    5.0
    5.0
    5.0

    20.1
    20.7
    20.4
    22.6
    24.0
    22.7
    22.3
    22.3
    22.2

    1.8
    1.8
    1.8
    1.9
    2.0
    2.2
    2.4
    2.4
    2.2

    9.3
    9.3
    9.5
    10.3
    11.2
    12.0
    11.9
    11.9
    12.0

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    77.4
    79.8
    81.0
    82.9
    81.0
    78.7
    78.9
    74.5
    67.2
    68.1

    65.3
    67.5
    68.5
    70.2
    68.1
    64.2
    63.6
    60.7
    52.8
    54.3

    34.6
    36.9
    36.8
    38.2
    36.7
    34.7
    34.3
    32.2
    26.8
    27.2

    5.6
    5.9
    7.1
    7.5
    7.3
    6.9
    6.9
    7.0
    5.7
    5.8

    22.8
    22.5
    22.6
    22.5
    22.2
    20.7
    20.5
    19.6
    18.5
    19.5

    2.2
    2.2
    2.1
    2.0
    2.0
    1.9
    1.9
    1.9
    1.9
    1.8

    12.1
    12.3
    12.5
    12.7
    12.9
    14.5
    15.3
    13.8
    14.4
    13.8

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    70.7
    74.6
    72.4
    67.8
    62.5
    55.8
    63.0
    68.0
    67.9
    66.5

    57.0
    64.8
    65.5
    63.2
    59.8
    53.2
    60.5
    65.6
    65.6
    64.1

    29.6
    35.4
    36.9
    35.8
    32.3
    28.5
    31.2
    36.2
    36.2
    34.7

    5.8
    7.3
    7.8
    7.6
    7.2
    6.2
    6.3
    7.7
    8.1
    7.4

    19.8
    20.3
    19.1
    18.1
    18.6
    16.7
    21.2
    19.8
    19.4
    20.0

    1.8
    1.8
    1.8
    1.7
    1.7
    1.8
    1.8
    1.9
    1.9
    2.0

    13.6
    9.8
    6.9
    4.5
    2.8
    2.6
    2.5
    2.4
    2.3
    2.4

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    64.4
    66.4
    66.8
    65.1
    68.1
    67.9
    65.0
    63.3
    62.0
    61.0

    61.7
    63.4
    63.3
    61.2
    63.8
    63.1
    59.9
    57.7
    56.0
    54.4

    31.9
    33.5
    34.4
    33.5
    34.9
    35.6
    32.9
    32.0
    30.9
    29.9

    6.4
    6.3
    6.8
    5.9
    6.1
    5.8
    5.5
    5.0
    4.7
    4.5

    21.4
    21.4
    19.8
    19.2
    19.9
    18.9
    18.7
    17.9
    17.8
    17.3

    2.1
    2.2
    2.4
    2.6
    2.9
    2.9
    2.8
    2.7
    2.5
    2.7

    2.6
    3.1
    3.5
    3.9
    4.3
    4.7
    5.1
    5.6
    6.0
    6.6

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    63.3
    68.2
    64.0
    65.9
    74.6
    73.8
    72.3
    74.5
    75.8
    78.6

    56.1
    60.4
    55.5
    56.8
    64.8
    63.3
    61.0
    62.6
    63.0
    64.2

    30.8
    35.2
    31.9
    31.6
    37.5
    37.5
    36.8
    37.7
    38.7
    38.9

    4.2
    4.4
    3.8
    3.5
    3.7
    3.7
    3.1
    3.1
    2.8
    2.6

    18.2
    17.6
    16.5
    18.2
    19.9
    18.1
    16.8
    17.3
    16.9
    17.8

    2.8
    3.0
    3.2
    3.4
    3.6
    3.8
    4.0
    4.2
    4.4
    4.7

    7.2
    7.8
    8.5
    9.1
    9.8
    10.5
    11.3
    12.0
    12.7
    14.4

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    80.0
    74.6
    81.9
    79.8
    78.4
    73.2
    78.6
    79.9
    86.3
    91.9

    65.1
    55.7
    63.7
    61.2
    59.4
    51.9
    57.6
    59.5
    65.1
    65.0

    41.8
    34.5
    40.5
    38.1
    38.1
    31.9
    37.7
    39.6
    43.1
    43.4

    2.3
    2.1
    2.0
    1.8
    1.8
    1.7
    1.9
    1.9
    2.2
    1.9

    15.6
    14.1
    15.3
    14.7
    13.3
    12.3
    11.5
    11.3
    12.3
    11.9

    5.1
    5.0
    5.8
    6.5
    6.3
    6.0
    6.5
    6.7
    7.4
    7.7

    14.9
    18.9
    18.2
    18.6
    18.9
    21.3
    21.1
    20.4
    21.2
    26.9

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    85.3
    84.8
    79.8
    85.8
    84.3
    78.8
    75.3
    74.8
    69.6
    75.3

    55.8
    52.8
    46.5
    54.2
    51.1
    43.4
    37.1
    34.9
    29.7
    39.9

    36.4
    33.7
    29.2
    34.1
    32.7
    27.0
    21.8
    20.1
    15.9
    23.9

    1.7
    1.6
    1.5
    1.5
    1.2
    1.1
    1.0
    1.0
    0.9
    1.0

    10.4
    10.1
    8.7
    10.7
    9.4
    8.3
    7.6
    7.2
    6.3
    7.2

    7.3
    7.4
    7.1
    7.9
    7.6
    7.0
    6.8
    6.6
    6.7
    7.8

    29.4
    32.0
    33.3
    31.6
    33.3
    35.5
    38.2
    39.8
    39.9
    35.4

    1Includes

    cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts and miscellaneous items. Lands were
    transferred to the Forest Service for administration.

    SECTION 16: FORESTRY AND FISHERIES

    255

    Table 16-3Series L 87-97. Per Capita Consumption of Timber Products, by Major Product, 19001999
    Continued
    (Forest area and forest purchases data as of June 30.)
    Industrial roundwood
    Year

    All products
    Total

    Lumber

    Plywood and veneer

    Pulp products

    Miscellaneous
    products 1

    Fuelwood

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    85.3
    94.8
    92.8
    95.1
    99.3
    103.1
    104.4
    109.5
    105.9
    101.4

    54.5
    68.8
    66.1
    68.2
    73.2
    75.2
    74.7
    79.4
    71.7
    62.0

    35.6
    47.3
    45.1
    46.9
    51.4
    54.0
    52.4
    56.3
    49.2
    40.8

    1.2
    1.6
    1.5
    1.4
    1.2
    1.2
    1.0
    1.0
    0.8
    0.7

    7.9
    8.5
    8.0
    7.8
    7.9
    7.1
    6.8
    6.8
    6.3
    4.7

    9.7
    11.3
    11.5
    12.1
    12.7
    12.9
    14.5
    15.2
    15.4
    15.9

    30.8
    26.0
    26.8
    26.9
    26.1
    27.8
    29.6
    30.2
    34.2
    39.4

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    113.1
    113.5
    112.7
    117.5
    124.1
    120.6
    126.4
    131.5
    135.8
    137.4

    74.9
    74.7
    71.7
    78.4
    85.3
    81.1
    86.3
    92.6
    96.4
    94.5

    50.5
    50.6
    47.6
    53.9
    60.6
    56.9
    61.7
    67.0
    70.3
    68.0

    0.8
    1.0
    0.9
    0.9
    0.9
    0.8
    0.9
    0.8
    0.8
    0.9

    5.9
    4.9
    4.8
    5.0
    4.9
    4.6
    4.4
    4.3
    4.1
    4.0

    17.7
    18.2
    18.4
    18.7
    18.9
    18.8
    19.4
    20.5
    21.1
    22.5

    38.2
    38.8
    41.1
    39.1
    38.8
    39.6
    40.1
    38.9
    39.5
    43.0

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    142.0
    144.2
    142.3
    152.5
    152.6
    150.2
    152.6
    154.2
    155.6
    156.2

    99.7
    101.9
    97.5
    108.5
    106.9
    101.8
    101.5
    100.2
    98.7
    96.3

    72.5
    74.7
    71.7
    79.7
    81.7
    78.8
    78.7
    77.6
    76.6
    74.5

    1.0
    0.9
    0.8
    0.7
    0.7
    0.4
    0.2
    0.2
    0.1
    0.1

    3.8
    3.7
    3.2
    3.9
    3.5
    3.1
    3.0
    2.9
    2.7
    2.4

    22.5
    22.7
    21.8
    24.3
    21.1
    19.6
    19.5
    19.5
    19.3
    19.2

    42.3
    42.3
    44.8
    44.0
    45.7
    48.3
    51.1
    54.0
    56.8
    59.9

    1900 ......................................................

    156.9

    93.8

    72.3

    0.1

    2.2

    19.2

    63.1

    1Includes

    cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts and miscellaneous items. Lands were
    transferred to the Forest Service for administration.

    256

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 16-4Series L 166-177. Paper and Board Domestic Production, Apparent Consumption, and Waste
    Paper Consumption, 18091999
    (Thousands of short tons.)
    Paper and board
    Year
    Apparent consumption 1

    Domestic production

    Waste paper consumption

    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    96 611
    94 526
    95 029
    90 381
    89 509
    89 080
    84 857
    82 868
    79 427

    104 051
    99 961
    99 186
    94 287
    96 180
    95 195
    91 013
    87 577
    84 078

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    23 500

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    78 679
    76 786
    76 587
    74 361
    70 905
    66 983
    68 449
    64 947
    59 290
    62 109

    85 711
    84 100
    84 532
    82 105
    77 855
    74 137
    75 055
    69 519
    63 117
    66 258

    21 700
    20 200
    19 700
    18 700
    17 900
    16 400
    16 700
    15 600
    14 600
    15 000

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    61 042
    67 000
    64 300
    62 100
    60 500
    52 800
    61 100
    61 800
    59 500
    55 100

    64 814
    72 700
    70 400
    66 500
    64 300
    56 000
    65 500
    67 400
    64 500
    59 700

    14 900
    15 400
    14 800
    14 100
    13 600
    11 700
    14 000
    14 100
    12 925
    12 100

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    53 516
    54 187
    51 245
    46 926
    47 113
    44 080
    41 703
    39 230
    37 541
    35 749
    34 015
    30 823
    30 666
    31 441
    30 178
    26 876
    26 605
    24 418
    26 047

    58 057
    59 003
    55 664
    51 945
    52 680
    49 102
    46 384
    43 715
    42 216
    40 312
    38 725
    35 119
    35 268
    36 496
    34 719
    31 379
    31 360
    29 017
    30 561

    10 594
    10 939
    10 222
    9 888
    10 564
    10 231
    9 843
    9 613
    9 075
    9 018
    9 414
    8 671
    8 493
    8 836
    9 041
    7 857
    8 531
    7 881
    9 071

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    24 375
    20 315
    21 897
    21 102
    19 278
    17 371
    17 183
    17 036
    17 084
    17 762

    29 011
    24 694
    26 082
    24 749
    22 510
    19 665
    19 445
    19 437
    19 780
    20 421

    7 956
    6 600
    7 585
    8 009
    7 278
    6 800
    6 859
    6 368
    5 495
    6 075

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    14 484
    13 510
    11 381
    12 837
    11 976
    10 479
    9 187
    9 190
    7 998
    9 382

    16 757
    15 949
    13 542
    16 028
    14 651
    12 758
    11 289
    10 916
    9 727
    11 347

    4 668
    4 366
    ...
    ...
    ...
    3 587
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    10 169
    11 140
    10 403
    10 002
    9 794
    7 930
    7 871
    6 875
    5 333

    12 319
    13 411
    12 451
    11 925
    11 584
    9 281
    9 194
    7 865
    6 027

    ...
    3 842
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1Beginning 1929, includes changes in newsprint stocks.


    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 16: FORESTRY AND FISHERIES

    257

    Table 16-4Series L 166-177. Paper and Board Domestic Production, Apparent Consumption, and Waste
    Paper Consumption, 18091999Continued
    (Thousands of short tons.)
    Paper and board
    Year
    Apparent consumption 1

    Domestic production

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1914
    1909
    1904
    1899
    1889
    1879
    1869
    1859
    1849
    1839
    1819
    1809

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1Beginning 1929, includes changes in newsprint stocks.


    2Estimated from values reported by the Bureau of the Census.
    . . . = Not available.

    7 185
    5 966
    5 938
    5 804
    5 153
    4 121
    3 107
    2 168
    935
    452
    2386
    127
    278
    238
    212
    23

    Waste paper consumption

    7 640
    6 253
    6 275
    6 054
    5 395
    4 103
    3 029
    2 168
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    1 854
    ...
    ...
    1 510
    984
    589
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    258

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 16-5Series L 224-235. Yield and Value of Domestic Fisheries, Imports and Exports,
    18802002
    Yield (millions of lbs.)
    domestic

    Year
    Total

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    For human food

    Value
    (millions of dollars)
    For industrial use

    Total imports 1

    Domestic total

    Total exports 1

    9 397
    9 492

    7 205
    7 314

    2 192
    2 178

    3 092
    3 238

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    9 069
    9 069
    9 369
    9 194
    9 842
    9 565
    9 788
    10 467
    9 637
    9 484

    6 912
    6 832
    7 173
    7 244
    7 474
    7 667
    7 936
    8 214
    7 618
    7 031

    2 157
    2 507
    2 021
    2 598
    2 091
    2 121
    2 525
    2 253
    2 019
    2 453

    3 550
    3 550
    3 467
    3 128
    3 448
    3 487
    3 770
    3 809
    3 678
    3 308

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    9 404
    8 463
    7 192
    6 896
    6 031
    6 258
    6 438
    6 439
    6 367
    5 977

    7 041
    6 204
    4 588
    3 946
    3 393
    3 294
    3 320
    3 238
    3 285
    3 547

    2 363
    2 259
    2 604
    2 950
    2 638
    2 964
    3 118
    3 201
    3 082
    2 430

    3 522
    3 238
    3 520
    3 115
    2 763
    2 326
    2 350
    2 355
    2 390
    2 388

    9 048
    9 604
    8 872
    8 818
    7 626
    6 679
    5 883
    5 129
    4 523
    4 206

    5 639
    4 707
    2 275
    1 660
    1 356
    1 084
    949
    1 021
    1 059
    1 157

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6 482
    6 267
    6 028
    5 271
    5 388
    4 877
    4 967
    4 858
    4 806
    4 969

    3 654
    3 318
    3 177
    2 592
    2 775
    2 465
    2 496
    2 398
    2 435
    2 400

    2 828
    2 949
    2 851
    2 319
    2 613
    2 412
    2 471
    2 460
    2 371
    2 569

    2 237
    2 234
    1 854
    1 554
    1 349
    977
    932
    937
    748
    643

    3 648
    3 809
    3 086
    2 634
    2 328
    1 637
    1 711
    1 583
    1 494
    1 074

    1 006
    1 084
    906
    520
    385
    305
    262
    299
    158
    139

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4 917
    4 337
    4 160
    4 055
    4 366
    4 777
    4 541
    4 847
    5 354
    5 187

    2 537
    2 321
    2 347
    2 368
    2 573
    2 587
    2 497
    2 556
    2 540
    2 490

    2 380
    2 016
    1 814
    1 687
    1 794
    2 190
    2 044
    2 291
    2 814
    2 697

    613
    526
    497
    440
    472
    446
    390
    377
    396
    362

    1 037
    844
    823
    708
    720
    601
    564
    501
    490
    401

    118
    104
    68
    82
    85
    70
    64
    57
    36
    35

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4 942
    5 122
    4 747
    4 789
    5 268
    4 809
    4 762
    4 487
    4 432
    4 433

    2 498
    2 369
    2 651
    2 475
    2 690
    2 579
    2 705
    2 519
    2 778
    3 048

    2 444
    2 753
    2 096
    2 314
    2 578
    2 230
    2 057
    1 968
    1 654
    1 385

    354
    346
    373
    354
    372
    339
    359
    356
    364
    365

    363
    370
    331
    299
    283
    259
    252
    246
    240
    212

    44
    44
    31
    36
    40
    40
    32
    28
    22
    36

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4 901
    4 804
    4 513
    4 349
    4 467
    4 598
    4 533
    4 162
    3 875
    4 900

    3 307
    3 305
    3 146
    3 020
    3 049
    3 167
    2 865
    2 737
    2 683
    3 062

    1 594
    1 499
    1 367
    1 329
    1 418
    1 431
    1 668
    1 425
    1 192
    1 838

    347
    343
    371
    312
    313
    270
    213
    204
    170
    129

    198
    152
    157
    110
    130
    101
    78
    67
    40
    41

    28
    35
    24
    53
    40
    38
    36
    48
    32
    22

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4 060
    4 445
    4 254
    4 353
    4 826
    4 135
    4 104
    2 997
    2 612
    2 630

    2 675
    2 713
    2 639
    2 703
    2 854
    2 583
    2 434
    2 087
    1 864
    2 129

    1 385
    1 732
    1 615
    1 650
    1 972
    1 552
    1 670
    911
    748
    501

    96
    98
    94
    101
    95
    83
    77
    61
    56
    77

    42
    46
    39
    51
    42
    36
    31
    305
    30
    43

    18
    14
    14
    15
    13
    14
    14
    8
    8
    12

    1Fish as fish products. Includes Puerto Rico; beginning 1955, imports also include landings of tuna by foreign vessels in American Samoa and imports of tuna into U.S. outlying areas.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 16: FORESTRY AND FISHERIES

    259

    Table 16-5Series L 224-235. Yield and Value of Domestic Fisheries, Imports and Exports,
    18802002Continued
    Yield (millions of lbs.)
    domestic

    Year
    Total

    For human food

    Value
    (millions of dollars)
    For industrial use

    Total imports 1

    Domestic total

    Total exports 1

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    3 224
    3 491
    3 061
    2 806
    2 871
    2 891
    2 461
    2 726
    2 619
    2 255

    2 478
    2 601
    2 370
    2 172
    2 198
    2 029
    1 874
    1 807
    1 677
    1 451

    746
    890
    691
    634
    673
    862
    587
    919
    942
    804

    109
    126
    114
    112
    107
    105
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    51
    67
    59
    56
    50
    49
    46
    ...
    ...
    ...

    17
    24
    21
    19
    20
    21
    21
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1917
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 676
    2 053
    1 930
    2 046
    2 002

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    71
    63
    61
    59
    57

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1892
    1891
    1890
    1889
    1880

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 652
    1 709
    1 758
    1 685
    1 706

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    41
    42
    41
    39
    39

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1Fish as fish products. Includes Puerto Rico; beginning 1955, imports also include landings of tuna by foreign vessels in American Samoa and imports of tuna into U.S. outlying areas.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION

    17

    MINERALS

    262

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 17

    MINERALS
    Highlights

    Crude Petroleum Production, 19802001

    Billions of 42-gallon barrels

    35
    30
    25
    Crude production
    Estimated proved reserves

    20
    15
    10
    5
    0
    1980

    1983

    1986

    1992

    1989

    1995

    1998

    2001

    Year

    The principal source for minerals data is the


    Minerals Yearbook published annually since 19321933
    by the U.S. Bureau of Mines. For earlier years, the same
    data are provided by the Minerals Resources of the
    United States, which was published from 1882 until 1932
    by the U.S. Geological Survey. Since 1977, mineral fuel
    data have been collected and published by the Energy
    Information Administration.

    Censuses of mineral industries have been conducted by the Bureau of the Census at various intervals
    since 1840. Since 1967, the census has been conducted
    every fifth year for years ending in 2 and 7.

    Because of poor husbandry of natural resources


    and unbridled consumption habits, the United States is
    losing its commanding position in the production of
    major minerals. In 2002, the United States was 100 percent dependent on foreign suppliers for columbium,
    strontium, manganese, vanadium, and bauxite, 88 percent for the platinum group, 80 percent for tantalum, 79
    percent for tin, 76 percent for barite, 75 percent for
    cobalt, 70 percent for tungsten, 63 percent for chromium, 61 for silver, 60 percent for zinc, 43 percent for
    nickel, 39 percent for aluminum, 37 percent for copper
    and 25 percent for gypsum.

    SECTION 17: MINERALS

    In 1997, there were 25,000 mining establishments


    employing 509,000 workers. The value added in mining
    was $139 billion, of which oil and gas extraction
    accounted for $110.3 billion. California leads all states
    in non fuel mineral production with $3.4 billion, followed by Nevada ($2.9 billion), Texas ($2.2 billion), and
    Florida ($2.0 billion).

    The federal government maintains the worlds


    largest stockpile of strategic minerals. In 2001, they
    included 54,000 tons of tin, 6.8 million troy oz. of silver,
    16 million pounds of cobalt, 2.1 million tons of manganese, 69 million pounds of tungsten, 125 million tons
    of zinc, 21,000 tons of titanium, 108,000 troy oz. of platinum, 902,000 short tons of chromium, and 1.0 million
    carats of diamonds.

    The United States is the worlds largest exporter of


    coal, producing 1.1 billion tons of coal, or 21.2 percent
    of world production. The United States is the second
    largest producer of coal; the first is China. The most significant coal mining states are Wyoming, Kentucky, and
    West Virginia. The number of mines has declined to 707
    in 2000 from 5,598 in 1980, and the number of miners
    from 225,000 to 72,000 during the same period.

    Proved U.S. reserves of oil may last for 10 years at


    current rates of production. The United States fares better in natural gas with reserves of 177 trillion cubic feet
    in 2000. U.S. production of natural gas accounts for 19.4
    percent in 2001 of the world total, making it the worlds
    second largest natural gas producer, after Russia. U.S.

    263

    production of crude oil in 2000 was 2.1 billion barrels, of


    which Alaska alone accounted for 354 million barrels
    and offshore wells for 635 million barrels. U.S. dependence on foreign oil, which was significantly reduced in
    the 1970s, is once again rising. Imports of foreign oil
    increased to 3.3 billion barrels compared with 1.9 billion
    barrels in 1980. The number of oil wells drilled, which
    peaked in 1990 at close to 602,000, dropped to fewer
    than 534,000 in 2000. There were 163 operating refineries in 1998, down from 319 in 1980. The refineries total
    output was 6.3 billion barrels, of which motor gasoline
    was a little less than half (2.9 billion). Natural gas production was 20.7 trillion cubic feet in 2001 of which
    Louisiana (5.2) and Texas (6.5) together accounted for
    59 percent.

    The 2002 prices of major minerals are far below


    those prevailing in 1980. Copper dropped from $1.01
    per pound to 75 cents; platinum from $677 per troy oz.
    to $559; gold from $613 per oz. to $305; silver from
    $20.63 per oz. to $4.5; and tin from $8.46 per pound to
    $3.0.

    264

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 17-1. Mineral Production, 19902002


    (Production as measured by mine shipments, mine sales, or marketable production.)
    Year

    1990

    Fuel Minerals
    Coal, total (millions of short tons) ...........................................................................
    Bituminous (millions of short tons) .....................................................................
    Subbituminous (millions of short tons) ...............................................................
    Lignite (millions of short tons) ............................................................................
    Anthracite (millions of short tons) .......................................................................
    Natural gas (marketed production) (trillions of cubic feet) ......................................
    Petroleum (crude) (millions of bbl.) 1 ......................................................................
    Uranium (recoverable content) (millions of lb.) ......................................................

    1995

    2000

    2001

    2002, estimate

    1 029.1
    693.2
    244.3
    88.1
    3.5
    18.59
    2 686
    8.9

    1 033.0
    613.8
    328.0
    86.5
    4.7
    19.51
    2 394
    6.0

    1 073.6
    574.3
    409.2
    85.6
    4.6
    20.00
    2 125
    4.0

    1 127.7
    611.3
    434.4
    80.0
    1.9
    20.63
    2 118
    2.6

    1 093.8
    565.7
    444.7
    82.1
    1.3
    19.97
    2 097
    ...

    Nonfuel Minerals
    Asbestos (sales) (1,000 metric tons) ......................................................................
    Barite, primary, sold/ used by producers (1,000 metric tons) .................................
    Boron minerals, sold or used by producers (1,000 metric tons) .............................
    Bromine, sold or used by producers (1,000 metric tons) .......................................
    Cement
    Portland (millions of metric tons) ........................................................................
    Masonry (millions of metric tons) .......................................................................
    Clays (1,000 metric tons) .......................................................................................
    Diatomite (1,000 metric tons) .................................................................................
    Feldspar (1,000 metric tons) 2 ................................................................................
    Fluorspar, finished shipments (1,000 metric tons) .................................................
    Garnet (industrial) (1,000 metric tons) ...................................................................
    Gypsum, crude (millions of metric tons) .................................................................
    Helium (millions of cubic meters) 3 .........................................................................
    Lime, sold or used by producers (millions of metric tons) ......................................
    Mica, scrap and flake, sold/ used by producers (1,000 metric tons) ......................
    Peat, sales by producers (1,000 metric tons) .........................................................
    Perlite, processed, sold or used (1,000 metric tons) ..............................................
    Phosphate rock (marketable) (millions of metric tons) ...........................................
    Potash (K2O equivalent) sales (1,000 metric tons) ................................................
    Pumice and pumicite, producer sales (1,000 metric tons) .....................................
    Salt, common, sold/ used by producers (millions of metric tons) ...........................
    Sand and gravel, sold/ used by producer (millions of metric tons) .........................
    Construction (millions of metric tons) .....................................................................
    Industrial (millions of metric tons) ...........................................................................
    Sodium carbonate (natural) (soda ash) (1,000 metric tons) ...................................
    Sodium sulfate (natural) (1,000 metric tons) ..........................................................
    Stone (millions of metric tons) 4 .............................................................................
    Crushed and broken (millions of metric tons) .....................................................
    Dimension (1,000 metric tons) 5 .........................................................................
    Sulfur: Total shipments (1,000 metric tons) ...........................................................
    Sulfur: Frasch mines (shipments) (1,000 metric tons) ...........................................
    Talc, and pyrophyllite, crude (1,000 metric tons) ...................................................
    Vermiculite concentrate (1,000 metric tons) ...........................................................

    (D)
    430
    1 090
    177

    9
    543
    1 190
    218

    5
    392
    1 070
    228

    5
    400
    ...
    212

    3
    400
    ...
    225

    67
    3
    42 900
    631
    630
    64
    47
    15
    85
    16
    109
    721
    576
    46
    1 710
    443
    37
    855
    829
    26
    9 100
    349
    1 110
    1 110
    1 120
    11 500
    3 680
    1 270
    209

    73
    4
    43 100
    722
    880
    51
    46
    17
    101
    19
    108
    660
    700
    44
    1 480
    529
    41
    935
    907
    28
    10 100
    327
    2 420
    1 260
    1 160
    12 100
    (D)
    1 060
    171

    84
    4
    40 800
    677
    790
    60
    20
    98
    20
    101
    755
    672
    39
    1 300
    697
    46
    1 148
    1 120
    28
    10 200
    491
    2 810
    1 560
    1 250
    10 300
    10 500
    851
    150

    ...
    ...
    40 000
    644
    800
    ...
    53
    16
    87
    19
    98
    870
    588
    32
    1 200
    920
    45
    1 158
    1 130
    28
    10 300
    512
    2 820
    1 600
    1 220
    9 250
    9 100
    853
    (D)

    ...
    ...
    40 700
    700
    820
    ...
    47
    16
    85
    18
    84
    760
    548
    36
    1 200
    950
    44
    1 158
    1 130
    28
    10 300
    500
    2 890
    1 590
    1 300
    9 280
    830
    (D)

    Metals
    Antimony ore and concentrate (metric tons) ..........................................................
    Aluminum (1,000 metric tons) ................................................................................
    Bauxite (dried) (1,000 metric tons) .........................................................................
    Copper (recoverable content) (1,000 metric tons) .................................................
    Gold (recoverable content) (metric tons) ................................................................
    Iron ore (gross weight) (millions of metric tons) 6 ...................................................
    Lead (recoverable content) (1,000 metric tons) .....................................................
    Magnesium metal (1,000 metric tons) ....................................................................
    Manganiferous ore (gross weight) (1,000 metric ton) 7 ..........................................
    Mercury (metric tons) 8 ...........................................................................................
    Molybdenum (concentrate) (1,000 metric tons) .....................................................
    Nickel (1,000 metric tons) ......................................................................................
    Palladium metal (kilograms) ...................................................................................
    Platinummetal (kilograms) ......................................................................................
    Silicon (silicon content) (1,000 metric tons) ...........................................................
    Silver (recoverable content) (metric tons) ..............................................................
    Titanium concentrate: Ilmenite (gross weight) (1,000 metric tons) ........................
    Tungsten ore and concentrate (metric tons) 9 ........................................................
    Zinc (recoverable content) (1,000 metric tons) ......................................................

    (D)
    4 048
    (D)
    1 590
    294
    57
    484
    139
    (D)
    562
    62
    5 930
    1 810
    418
    2 120
    (D)
    (D)
    515

    262
    3 375
    (D)
    1 850
    317
    61
    394
    142
    (D)
    (D)
    61
    2
    5 260
    1 590
    396
    1 560
    (D)
    (D)
    614

    (D)
    3 668
    ...
    1 440
    353
    63
    468
    (D)
    ...
    41
    10 300
    3 110
    367
    1 860
    ...
    829

    300
    2 637
    ...
    1 340
    335
    46
    466
    45
    ...
    ...
    38
    12 100
    3 610
    282
    1 740
    ...
    ...
    842

    2 700
    ...
    1 130
    300
    50
    450
    45
    ...
    ...
    33
    13 000
    3 900
    270
    1 470
    ...
    ...
    740

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    142 gallon bbl.
    2Beginning 1995, includes aplite.
    3Refined.
    4Excludes abrasive stone, bituminous limestone and sandstone,
    5Includes Puerto Rico.
    6Represents shipments; includes byproduct ores.
    75 to 35 percent manganiferous ore.
    8Covers mercury recovered as a by product of gold ores only.
    9Content of ore and concentrate.

    . . . = Not available.
    D = Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company data.
    - = Quantity zero.

    and ground soapstone, all included elsewhere in table. Includes calcareous marl and slate.

    SECTION 17: MINERALS

    265

    Table 17-2. Net U.S. Imports of Selected Minerals and Metals as Percent of Apparent Consumption,
    19802002
    (Percent.)
    Product

    1980

    1990

    1995

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    Bauxite 1 ..........................
    Columbium .......................
    Manganese ......................
    Mica (sheet) .....................
    Strontium .........................
    Vanadium .........................
    Tin ....................................
    Barite ...............................
    Potash ..............................
    Tantalum ..........................

    94
    100
    98
    100
    100
    35
    79
    44
    65
    90

    98
    100
    100
    100
    100
    (D)
    71
    71
    68
    71

    99
    100
    100
    100
    100
    84
    84
    65
    75
    80

    100
    100
    100
    100
    100
    (D)
    86
    76
    80
    75

    100
    100
    100
    100
    100
    78
    85
    80
    80
    80

    100
    100
    100
    100
    100
    80
    85
    67
    80
    80

    100
    100
    100
    100
    100
    ...
    86
    71
    70
    80

    100
    100
    100
    100
    100
    100
    88
    87
    80
    80

    100
    100
    100
    100
    100
    100
    79
    76
    80
    80

    Chromium ........................
    Cobalt ..............................
    Zinc 2 ................................
    Tungsten ..........................
    Nickel ...............................
    Silver ................................
    Aluminum .........................
    Copper .............................
    Gypsum ...........................
    Iron and steel ...................

    91
    93
    60
    53
    76
    7

    80
    79
    35
    90
    60
    ...
    23
    27
    30
    21

    75
    76
    35
    84
    56

    16
    35
    13

    84
    86
    41
    81
    64
    ...
    36
    15
    46
    13

    23
    13
    28
    20

    80
    73
    35
    77
    64
    14
    27
    14
    28
    27

    80
    73
    30
    81
    63
    14
    30
    27
    29
    22

    78
    74
    60
    68
    58
    52
    33
    37
    22
    17

    78
    78
    60
    59
    56
    44
    35
    31
    25
    15

    63
    75
    60
    70
    43
    61
    39
    37
    25
    14

    Iron ore ............................


    Sulfur ...............................
    Cadmium .........................
    Mercury ............................
    Platinum group .................
    Selenium ..........................

    25
    14
    55
    27
    87
    59

    3
    21
    ( 3)
    (D)
    88
    46

    14
    21
    23
    ...
    ...
    31

    14
    13
    16
    (D)
    ...
    (D)

    12
    18
    20
    ...
    ...
    (D)

    17
    17
    19
    ...
    ...
    (D)

    19
    22
    6
    ...
    ...
    ...

    15
    12
    3
    ...
    ...
    ...

    11
    15
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes alumina.
    2Beginning 1990, effect

    of sharp rise in exports of concentrates. If calculated on a refined zinc-only basis, reliance would be about the same as pre-1990 level; 1990, 64 percent; 1991, 61
    percent; 1992, 61 percent; 1993, 67 percent; 1994, 70 percent; 1995, 71 percent; and 1996 and 1997, 70 percent; 1998, 69 percent; and 1999, 71 percent.
    exports.
    D = Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company data.
    . . . = Not available.
    - = Quantity zero.

    3Net

    266

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 17-3. Selected Mineral ProductsAverage Prices, 19802002


    Nonfuels
    Year

    2002 .................................
    2001 .................................

    Fuels

    Copper,
    Tin
    Platinum 1
    Gold
    Silver
    Lead
    Zinc
    electrolytic
    (New York)
    (dol./troy oz.) (dol./fine oz.) (dol./fine oz.) (cents per lb.)
    (cents per lb.)
    (cents per lb.)
    (cents per lb.)

    Sulfur,
    crude 2
    (dol./metric
    ton)

    Bituminous
    coal 3, 4
    (dol./short
    ton)

    Crude
    petroleum 3
    dol./bbl.)

    Natural gas 3
    (dol./1,000
    cu. ft.)

    75
    77

    559
    533

    305
    272

    4.52
    4.39

    44
    44

    298
    315

    40
    44

    25.00
    10.11

    26.35
    25.36

    22.51
    21.84

    2.95
    4.02

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    88
    76
    79
    107
    109
    138
    111
    92
    107
    109

    549
    379
    375
    397
    398
    425
    411
    375
    360
    371

    280
    280
    295
    332
    389
    386
    385
    361
    345
    363

    5.00
    5.25
    5.54
    4.89
    5.19
    5.15
    5.29
    4.30
    3.94
    4.04

    44
    44
    45
    47
    49
    42
    37
    32
    35
    34

    370
    366
    373
    381
    412
    416
    369
    350
    402
    363

    56
    54
    51
    65
    51
    56
    49
    46
    58
    53

    24.73
    37.81
    29.14
    36.06
    34.11
    44.46
    28.60
    31.86
    48.14
    71.45

    24.15
    23.92
    24.87
    24.64
    25.17
    25.56
    25.68
    26.15
    26.78
    27.49

    26.72
    15.56
    10.87
    17.23
    18.46
    14.62
    13.19
    14.25
    15.99
    16.54

    3.69
    2.19
    1.96
    2.32
    2.17
    1.55
    1.85
    2.04
    1.74
    1.64

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    123
    131
    121
    83
    66
    67
    67
    77
    73
    84

    467
    507
    523
    553
    461
    291
    357
    424
    327
    446

    385
    383
    438
    478
    368
    318
    361
    424
    376
    460

    4.82
    5.50
    6.53
    7.01
    5.47
    6.14
    8.14
    11.44
    7.95
    10.52

    46
    39
    37
    36
    22
    19
    26
    22
    26
    37

    386
    520
    441
    419
    383
    596
    624
    655
    654
    733

    75
    82
    60
    42
    38
    40
    49
    41
    39
    45

    80.14
    86.62
    85.95
    89.78
    105.22
    106.46
    94.31
    87.24
    108.27
    111.48

    27.43
    27.40
    27.66
    28.19
    28.84
    30.78
    30.63
    31.11
    32.15
    31.51

    20.03
    15.86
    12.58
    15.40
    12.51
    24.09
    25.88
    26.19
    28.52
    31.77

    1.71
    1.69
    1.69
    1.67
    1.94
    2.51
    2.66
    2.59
    2.46
    1.98

    1980 .................................

    101

    677

    613

    20.63

    43

    846

    37

    89.06

    29.17

    21.59

    1.59

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Average annual dealer prices.
    2F.o.b. works.
    3Average value at the point of production
    4Includes lignite.

    or domestic first purchase price.

    SECTION 17: MINERALS

    267

    Table 17-4Series M 138-142. Crude PetroleumProduction, Value, and Proved Reserves,


    18592001
    (Thousands of 42-gallon barrels, except as indicated.)
    Year

    Production

    Average value at well per bbl. dollars

    Estimated proved reserves, Dec. 31

    2001 ......................................................

    2 123 000

    21.84

    22 400 000

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 131 000
    2 141 000
    2 282 000
    2 355 000
    2 360 000
    2 394 000
    2 462 000
    2 499 000
    2 617 000
    ...

    26.72
    15.56
    10.87
    17.23
    18.46
    14.62
    13.19
    14.25
    15.99
    ...

    22 000 000
    21 800 000
    21 000 000
    22 500 000
    22 000 000
    22 400 000
    22 500 000
    23 000 000
    23 700 000
    ...

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 685 000
    2 785 000
    2 979 000
    3 047 000
    3 168 000
    3 275 000
    3 250 000
    3 171 000
    3 157 000
    3 129 000

    20.03
    15.86
    12.58
    15.40
    12.51
    24.09
    25.88
    26.19
    28.52
    31.77

    26 300 000
    26 500 000
    26 800 000
    27 300 000
    26 900 000
    28 400 000
    28 400 000
    27 735 000
    27 858 000
    29 426 000

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    3 146 000
    3 121 000
    3 178 000
    3 009 000
    2 976 000
    3 057 000
    3 203 000
    3 361 000
    3 455 000
    3 454 000

    21.59
    12.64
    9.00
    8.57
    8.19
    7.67
    6.87
    3.89
    3.39
    3.39

    29 800 000
    29 810 000
    27 804 000
    29 486 000
    30 942 000
    32 700 000
    34 250 000
    35 300 000
    36 339 000
    38 063 000

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    3 517 450
    3 371 751
    3 329 042
    3 216 715
    3 027 763
    2 848 514
    2 786 822
    2 752 723
    2 676 189
    2 621 758

    3.18
    3.09
    2.94
    2.92
    2.88
    2.86
    2.88
    2.89
    2.90
    2.89

    39 001 000
    29 632 000
    30 707 000
    31 377 000
    31 452 000
    31 352 000
    30 991 000
    30 970 000
    31 389 000
    31 759 000

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 574 933
    2 574 590
    2 448 937
    2 616 901
    2 617 283
    2 484 428
    2 314 988
    2 357 082
    2 289 836
    2 247 711

    2.88
    2.90
    3.01
    3.09
    2.79
    2.77
    2.77
    2.68
    2.53
    2.53

    31 613 000
    31 719 000
    30 536 000
    30 300 000
    30 434 649
    30 012 170
    29 560 746
    28 944 828
    27 960 554
    27 468 031

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 973 574
    1 841 940
    2 020 185
    1 856 987
    1 733 939
    1 713 655
    1 677 904
    1 505 613
    1 386 645
    1 402 228

    2.51
    2.54
    2.60
    1.93
    1.41
    1.22
    1.21
    1.20
    1.19
    1.14

    25 268 398
    24 649 489
    23 280 444
    21 487 685
    20 873 560
    20 826 813
    20 453 231
    20 064 152
    20 082 793
    19 559 296

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 353 214
    1 264 962
    1 214 355
    1 279 160
    1 099 687
    996 596
    908 065
    905 656
    785 159
    851 081

    1.02
    1.02
    1.13
    1.18
    1.09
    0.97
    1.00
    0.67
    0.87
    0.65

    19 024 515
    18 483 012
    17 348 146
    15 507 268
    13 063 400
    12 400 000
    12 177 000
    12 000 000
    12 300 000
    13 000 000

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    898 011
    1 007 323
    901 474
    901 129
    770 874
    763 743
    713 940
    732 407
    557 531
    472 183

    1.19
    1.27
    1.17
    1.30
    1.88
    1.68
    1.43
    1.34
    1.61
    1.73

    13 600 000
    13 200 000
    11 000 000
    10 500 000
    8 800 000
    8 500 000
    7 500 000
    7 600 000
    7 600 000
    7 800 000

    . . . = Not available.

    268

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 17-4Series M 138-142. Crude PetroleumProduction, Value, and Proved Reserves,


    18592001Continued
    (Thousands of 42-gallon barrels, except as indicated.)
    Year

    Production

    Average value at well per bbl. dollars

    Estimated proved reserves, Dec. 31

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    442 929
    378 367
    355 928
    335 316
    300 767
    281 104
    265 763
    248 446
    222 935
    220 449

    3.07
    2.01
    1.98
    1.56
    1.10
    0.64
    0.81
    0.95
    0.74
    0.61

    7 200 000
    6 700 000
    6 200 000
    5 900 000
    5 900 000
    5 500 000
    5 400 000
    5 500 000
    5 400 000
    5 000 000

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    209 557
    183 171
    178 527
    332 190
    252 988
    269 434
    234 162
    200 922
    177 534
    69 389

    0.61
    0.70
    0.72
    1.44
    1.46
    1.24
    1.72
    1.88
    1.60
    0.96

    4 500 000
    4 200 000
    4 000 000
    7 800 000
    7 600 000
    7 600 000
    7 200 000
    6 800 000
    6 400 000
    3 000 000

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    63 621
    57 071
    55 364
    60 476
    60 960
    52 892
    49 344
    48 431
    50 515
    54 293

    1.19
    1.13
    0.80
    0.68
    0.96
    1.09
    0.72
    0.60
    0.51
    0.56

    2 900 000
    2 500 000
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1890
    1889
    1888
    1887
    1886
    1885
    1884
    1883
    1882
    1881

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    45 824
    35 164
    27 612
    28 283
    28 065
    21 859
    24 218
    23 450
    30 350
    27 661

    0.77
    0.77
    0.65
    0.67
    0.71
    0.88
    0.85
    1.10
    0.78
    0.92

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1880
    1879
    1878
    1877
    1876
    1875
    1874
    1873
    1872
    1871

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    26 286
    19 914
    15 397
    13 350
    9 133
    12 163
    10 927
    9 894
    6 293
    5 205

    0.94
    0.86
    1.17
    2.38
    2.52
    1.35
    1.17
    1.83
    3.64
    4.34

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1870
    1869
    1868
    1867
    1866
    1865
    1864
    1863
    1862
    1861

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    5 261
    4 215
    3 646
    3 347
    3 598
    2 498
    2 116
    2 611
    3 057
    2 114

    3.86
    5.64
    3.62
    2.41
    3.74
    6.59
    8.06
    3.15
    1.05
    0.49

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1860 ......................................................
    1859 ......................................................

    500
    2

    9.59
    16.00

    ...
    ...

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 17: MINERALS

    269

    Table 17-5. Mineral IndustriesEmployment, Hours, and Earnings, 19902002


    Industry and item

    1990

    2000

    2002

    All Mining
    All employees (thousands) ..........................................
    Production workers (thousands) .................................
    Average weekly hours (number) .............................
    Average weekly earnings (dollars) ..........................

    765
    538
    45
    603

    599
    446
    44
    735

    581
    435
    43
    743

    Coal Mining
    All employees (thousands) ..........................................
    Production workers (thousands) .................................
    Average weekly hours (number) .............................
    Average weekly earnings (dollars) ..........................

    136
    110
    45
    822

    72
    59
    46
    945

    75
    64
    45
    934

    Oil and Gas Extraction


    All employees (thousands) ..........................................
    Production workers (thousands) .................................
    Average weekly hours (number) .............................
    Average weekly earnings (dollars) ..........................

    190
    84
    44
    591

    125
    67
    41
    802

    123
    69
    40
    761

    Metal Mining
    All employees (thousands) ..........................................
    Production workers (thousands) .................................
    Average weekly hours (number) .............................
    Average weekly earnings (dollars) ..........................

    53
    42
    43
    646

    38
    29
    43
    871

    29
    22
    43
    879

    Nonmetallic Minerals, Except Fuels


    All employees (thousands) ..........................................
    Production workers (thousands) .................................
    Average weekly hours (number) .............................
    Average weekly earnings (dollars) ..........................

    113
    85
    45
    532

    115
    87
    46
    722

    108
    80
    45
    749

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    SECTION

    18

    CONSTRUCTION
    AND HOUSING

    272

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 18

    CONSTRUCTION
    AND HOUSING
    Highlights

    Value of Construction Put in Place, 19802002


    1,000
    900
    800

    Dollars (billions)

    700
    600
    500
    400
    300
    200
    100
    0
    1980

    1982

    1984

    1986

    1988

    1990

    1992

    1994

    1996

    1998

    2000

    2002

    Year

    Housing and construction statistics were collected


    and published by the Department of Labor until 1959
    when the Department of Commerce assumed that
    responsibility. The Bureau of the Census issues a variety
    of publications providing data in these fields, including
    Current Construction Reports, Housing Starts and
    Housing Completions, New One Family Houses Sold
    and for Sale, Price Indexes of New One-Family Houses
    Sold, Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits,
    Expenditures for Residential Upkeep and Improvements,
    Value of New Construction Put in Place, and Current
    Housing Reports. Other sources include the F. W. Dodge
    division of McGraw-Hill, the National Association of
    Home Builders, and the National Association of
    Realtors. Censuses of the construction industry were

    first conducted by the Bureau of the Census for 1929,


    1935, and 1939; beginning in 1967, a census has been
    taken every five years, in years ending in 2 and 7.

    2
    From 1850 to 1930, the Bureau of the Census collected some housing data as part of its censuses of population and agriculture. Beginning in 1940, separate censuses of housing have been taken at 10-year intervals.
    Beginning in 1970, information on structural characteristics of housing have been included in the censuses.

    In 1997, 631,595 businesses were involved in construction, with the total value of business equaling

    SECTION 18: CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING

    273

    $832.489 billion. In 2002, the value of new construction


    was $860.923 billion, with private buildings and structures accounting for $650.495 billion of that amount (of
    which $421.521 billion was for residential buildings).
    Private construction included $265.889 billion worth of
    single-family homes, up from $140.123 billion in 1993.
    Educational construction saw the biggest increase, nearly tripling in value from $4.8 billion in 1993 to $13.0 billion in 2002.

    2,400 ft. or more, 36 percent have more than four bedrooms, 68 percent are heated with gas, 87 percent have
    central air conditioning, 58 percent have a fireplace, and
    88 percent have a garage.

    10
    Blacks and Hispanics have a lower home ownership rate than Whites. White non-Hispanic home own-

    Sales of new single-family homes rose to 973,000 in


    2002 compared with 545,000 in 1980. Of these, 196,000
    were luxury homes valued at $300,000 or more. Median
    prices of new private one-family homes increased to
    $187,500 nationwide, reversing a decade-old trend. The
    prices are highest in the Northeast ($264,300) and lowest in the South ($163,400). The highest home prices are
    found in San Francisco, Orange County, California, and
    Boston, Massachusetts. The least expensive homes are
    found in Beaumont/Port Arthur, Texas and
    Buffalo/Niagara Falls and Syracuse, New York.

    5 In 2001, the total number of housing units in the


    United States was 119.117 million, of which 72.265 million were owner-occupied and 33.996 million were rented.

    Home ownership is part of the American dream,


    but as of 2002, only 67.9 percent of the population
    achieved that dream. Home ownership is highest in
    South Carolina (77.3 percent), Minnesota (77.3 percent), and West Virginia (77.0 percent). It is lowest in
    Hawaii and New York because of the high cost of firsttime ownership.

    7 In 2002, Americans spent $173.234 billion on home


    improvement, maintenance, and repairs compared with
    $46.338 billion in 1980. Average monthly mortgage payments jumped from $329 in 1976 to $804 in 2002, but
    dropped from 24 percent of personal income to 18.5
    percent during the same period of time.

    Of the 1.325 million new one-family homes completed and sold in 2002, 37 percent have a floor space of

    In 2000, the median rent for an apartment nationwide was $602, and 28.8 percent of the apartments had
    a rent of $750 or more.

    ership is 74.5 percent, while only 47.3 percent of Blacks


    and 48.2 percent of Hispanics own homes in 2002. The
    majority of Blacks and Hispanics live in apartments.

    11
    In 1998, 46.1 percent of home buyers were firsttime buyers whose down payment was only 12.8 percent
    of the sale price.

    12
    In 1999, there were 4,657,000 commercial buildings in the United States, of which 327,000 were educational, 349,000 food service establishments, 127,000 hospitals and healthcare centers, 153,000 hotels and motels,
    739,000 office buildings, 305,000 public assembly buildings, 603,000 warehouses, and 307,000 churches and religious worship centers.

    13
    In 2002, Allentown, PA had the highest vacancy
    rate for office buildings (29.6 percent), while the lowest
    rates were in Des Moines, IA, Honolulu, HI, and
    Houston, TX (13.1 percent).

    14
    Although the quality of American housing has
    steadily improved during the twentieth century, 1.673
    million homes have no bathrooms, 920,000 have signs of
    mice and rats, 1.168 million have holes in floors, 40,000
    have no electrical wiring, and 9.667 million have water
    leakages.

    274

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 18-1. Total Housing Inventory, 19652002


    (Number in thousands.)
    Vacant

    Total occupied

    Year-round vacant
    Year

    All
    housing
    units

    Held off market


    Total
    Total

    For rent

    For sale
    only

    Rented or
    sold

    Seasonal
    Total

    Usual
    Occasional
    residence
    use
    elsewhere

    Total

    Owner

    Renter

    Other

    2002 ......................
    2001 ......................

    123 318
    121 480

    ...
    ...

    11 272
    10 916

    3 497
    3 203

    1 277
    1 301

    877
    882

    5 621
    5 530

    1 902
    1 887

    1 035
    1 064

    2 684
    2 579

    3 507
    3 554

    108 539
    107 010

    73 713
    72 593

    34 826
    34 417

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................

    119 628
    119 044
    117 282
    115 621
    114 139
    112 655
    110 952
    109 611
    108 316
    107 276

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    13 155
    12 669
    12 257
    11 894
    11 926
    12 023

    10 439
    10 848
    10 516
    10 114
    9 945
    9 570
    9 229
    8 937
    8 932
    9 137

    3 024
    3 119
    3 046
    2 978
    3 008
    2 946
    2 858
    2 809
    2 769
    2 780

    1 148
    1 184
    1 205
    1 133
    1 082
    1 022
    953
    894
    970
    1 070

    856
    956
    927
    867
    834
    810
    772
    625
    628
    602

    5 411
    5 589
    5 338
    5 136
    5 022
    4 793
    4 646
    4 609
    4 564
    4 686

    1 892
    1 948
    1 792
    1 818
    1 709
    1 667
    1 612
    1 508
    1 443
    1 494

    1 037
    965
    910
    885
    852
    801
    815
    994
    1 011
    1 084

    2 482
    2 676
    2 636
    2 433
    2 461
    2 325
    2 219
    2 108
    2 111
    2 107

    3 469
    3 268
    3 232
    3 305
    3 209
    3 099
    3 028
    2 957
    2 994
    2 886

    105 720
    104 928
    103 534
    102 202
    100 984
    99 985
    98 695
    97 717
    96 391
    95 253

    71 250
    70 097
    68 638
    67 143
    66 041
    64 739
    63 136
    62 533
    61 823
    61 010

    34 470
    34 831
    34 896
    35 059
    34 943
    35 246
    35 558
    35 184
    34 568
    34 242

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................

    106 283
    105 729
    103 653
    101 811
    99 318
    97 333
    95 256
    93 044
    91 876
    90 862

    12 059
    12 240
    11 633
    11 294
    10 173
    9 446
    8 910
    8 479
    8 145
    8 070

    9 128
    9 349
    8 533
    8 265
    7 821
    7 400
    7 080
    6 693
    6 369
    6 136

    2 662
    2 732
    2 802
    2 752
    2 588
    2 221
    1 934
    1 810
    1 670
    1 524

    1 064
    1 082
    968
    978
    937
    1 006
    947
    862
    843
    759

    660
    705
    678
    688
    683
    664
    664
    633
    554
    595

    4 742
    4 830
    4 085
    3 848
    3 614
    3 510
    3 535
    3 389
    3 302
    3 259

    1 485
    1 565
    1 213
    1 066
    991
    977
    992
    926
    959
    909

    1 068
    1 014
    887
    787
    741
    659
    622
    642
    588
    615

    2 189
    2 251
    1 985
    1 996
    1 883
    1 875
    1 921
    1 821
    1 754
    1 735

    2 931
    2 891
    3 100
    3 029
    2 352
    2 046
    1 830
    1 787
    1 776
    1 934

    94 224
    93 489
    92 020
    90 517
    89 145
    87 887
    86 346
    84 565
    83 731
    82 793

    60 248
    59 755
    58 700
    57 915
    56 844
    56 152
    55 671
    54 671
    54 237
    54 084

    33 976
    33 734
    33 320
    32 602
    32 302
    31 736
    30 675
    29 894
    29 495
    28 709

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................

    87 739
    85 735
    83 496
    81 645
    80 189
    78 821
    77 462
    75 407
    73 313
    71 320

    8 101
    7 589
    6 948
    6 861
    6 774
    6 896
    6 904
    6 558
    6 368
    6 238

    5 996
    5 893
    5 260
    5 224
    5 190
    5 202
    5 155
    4 851
    4 665
    4 559

    1 575
    1 579
    1 433
    1 472
    1 546
    1 647
    1 661
    1 521
    1 421
    1 353

    734
    607
    524
    574
    598
    591
    557
    467
    432
    422

    623
    705
    650
    651
    564
    536
    543
    524
    516
    478

    3 064
    3 003
    2 653
    2 528
    2 482
    2 429
    2 393
    2 340
    2 297
    2 307

    814
    794
    689
    707
    705
    649
    617
    588
    642
    652

    568
    591
    467
    438
    467
    470
    452
    433
    419
    416

    1 683
    1 618
    1 498
    1 383
    1 310
    1 309
    1 325
    1 320
    1 237
    1 239

    2 106
    1 696
    1 688
    1 637
    1 584
    1 694
    1 750
    1 706
    1 703
    1 680

    79 638
    78 146
    76 548
    74 784
    73 415
    71 925
    70 558
    68 849
    66 945
    65 081

    52 223
    50 972
    49 739
    48 461
    47 518
    46 463
    45 615
    44 424
    43 096
    41 816

    27 415
    27 174
    26 810
    26 324
    25 897
    25 462
    24 943
    24 425
    23 849
    23 266

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965

    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................
    ......................

    69 778
    68 479
    67 171
    66 014
    65 212
    64 213

    6 137
    6 218
    6 218
    6 538
    6 726
    6 712

    4 391
    4 437
    4 446
    4 762
    4 909
    4 853

    1 299
    1 296
    1 392
    1 566
    1 778
    1 884

    427
    408
    439
    499
    522
    548

    427
    402
    389
    348
    349
    330

    2 238
    2 332
    2 227
    2 349
    2 261
    2 092

    615
    619
    551
    571
    546
    504

    429
    454
    438
    460
    434
    379

    1 195
    1 258
    1 238
    1 318
    1 280
    1 209

    1 746
    1 782
    1 772
    1 776
    1 817
    1 860

    63 640
    62 261
    60 952
    59 476
    58 486
    57 501

    40 834
    40 049
    38 918
    37 842
    37 109
    36 230

    22 806
    22 211
    22 034
    21 634
    21 377
    21 271

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Housing Vacancy Survey.
    Note: Beginning in 1986 vacant seasonal mobile homes were included in the count of vacant seasonal units. Seasonal vacant housing units were underestimated prior to 1987.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 18: CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING

    275

    Table 18-2Series N 1-29. Value of Construction Put in Place, 19642002


    (Millions of dollars.)
    Private construction
    Year

    Total construction

    Residential
    Total

    Office
    Total

    New housing units

    Commercial

    Improvements

    Farm
    nonresidential

    2002 .......................................
    2001 .......................................

    860 923
    852 553

    650 495
    652 496

    421 521
    388 324

    298 450
    279 391

    123 071
    108 933

    35 149
    49 745

    58 231
    63 606

    5 040
    5 135

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    828 768
    766 062
    705 685
    653 429
    615 900
    557 818
    539 193
    491 033
    463 661
    432 592

    642 633
    596 331
    551 383
    502 734
    476 638
    427 885
    418 999
    375 073
    347 814
    322 483

    374 457
    350 562
    314 607
    289 014
    281 115
    247 351
    258 561
    225 067
    199 393
    166 251

    265 047
    251 271
    223 983
    198 062
    191 114
    171 404
    176 390
    150 911
    ...
    ...

    109 410
    99 290
    90 624
    90 951
    90 002
    75 947
    82 172
    74 156
    ...
    ...

    52 407
    45 052
    40 394
    32 813
    26 530
    22 996
    20 443
    19 999
    ...
    ...

    64 055
    59 376
    55 681
    53 088
    49 381
    44 096
    39 615
    34 396
    ...
    ...

    5 988
    5 059
    4 284
    3 815
    3 658
    3 014
    3 226
    3 392
    ...
    ...

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    476 778
    477 502
    462 012
    446 643
    433 454
    403 416
    370 190
    311 887
    279 332
    289 070

    369 300
    379 328
    367 277
    355 994
    348 872
    325 601
    299 952
    248 437
    216 268
    224 378

    191 103
    204 255
    204 496
    199 652
    190 677
    160 520
    155 015
    125 833
    84 676
    99 241

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    273 936
    272 873
    239 867
    200 501
    172 132
    152 635
    155 170
    153 781
    139 126
    122 414

    210 290
    216 228
    189 721
    157 418
    128 153
    109 342
    117 038
    121 433
    109 096
    92 715

    100 381
    116 444
    109 838
    92 004
    68 273
    51 581
    55 967
    65 085
    60 693
    48 514

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    105 890
    104 944
    96 824
    87 221
    85 753
    81 886
    75 097

    77 982
    77 151
    69 386
    61 844
    61 907
    59 966
    54 893

    35 863
    37 214
    34 172
    28 737
    28 611
    30 235
    30 526

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    . . . = Not available.

    276

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 18-2Series N 1-29. Value of Construction Put in Place, 19642002Continued


    (Millions of dollars.)
    State and local consturction
    Year

    Total public
    construction

    Total

    Residential

    Office

    Commercial

    Educational

    Highway and Water supply, sewage


    street
    and waste disposal

    Conservation and
    development

    Total federal
    construction

    2002 .......................................
    2001 .......................................

    210 428
    200 057

    194 115
    184 976

    4 592
    4 568

    7 446
    6 793

    2 789
    3 011

    56 091
    50 001

    59 856
    59 003

    19 601
    18 699

    1 215
    1 318

    16 313
    15 081

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    186 135
    169 732
    154 302
    150 695
    139 263
    129 933
    120 193
    115 960
    115 847
    110 109

    171 969
    155 706
    139 984
    136 608
    123 938
    114 181
    105 753
    101 535
    101 471
    97 264

    4 246
    4 603
    4 340
    4 336
    4 220
    4 043
    3 359
    3 686
    ...
    ...

    6 300
    4 521
    4 605
    4 619
    4 404
    3 914
    3 559
    3 192
    ...
    ...

    2 562
    2 519
    1 993
    2 227
    1 724
    1 329
    1 075
    1 119
    ...
    ...

    45 713
    41 117
    35 015
    33 758
    28 603
    25 743
    20 541
    19 227
    ...
    ...

    53 062
    49 174
    44 782
    43 017
    39 500
    37 616
    37 281
    34 353
    ...
    ...

    17 357
    17 491
    16 621
    17 008
    15 419
    13 132
    13 365
    13 964
    ...
    ...

    1 313
    1 346
    1 444
    1 503
    1 191
    1 265
    1 194
    1 052
    ...
    ...

    14 166
    14 025
    14 318
    14 087
    15 325
    15 751
    14 440
    14 424
    14 376
    12 845

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    107 478
    98 174
    94 735
    90 648
    84 582
    77 815
    70 238
    63 450
    63 064
    64 691

    95 379
    86 018
    82 471
    76 596
    72 170
    65 811
    58 998
    52 893
    53 056
    54 278

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    12 099
    12 155
    12 264
    14 052
    12 412
    12 004
    11 240
    10 557
    10 008
    10 413

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    63 646
    56 646
    50 146
    43 083
    43 980
    43 293
    38 132
    32 348
    30 030
    29 699

    54 004
    48 081
    42 000
    35 994
    37 196
    37 205
    33 042
    27 648
    25 786
    25 889

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    9 642
    8 564
    8 146
    7 088
    6 783
    6 088
    5 091
    4 700
    4 244
    3 810

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    27 908
    27 793
    27 437
    25 377
    23 846
    21 920
    20 203

    24 798
    24 643
    24 238
    22 061
    20 043
    18 048
    16 485

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3 110
    3 150
    3 199
    3 316
    3 803
    3 872
    3 718

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau.


    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 18: CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING

    277

    Table 18-3Series N 78-89. Value of Construction Contracts Awarded (Dodge), by Class of Construction,
    19011998
    (Millions of dollars, includes new structures and alterations to existing structures.)
    Nonresidential buildings
    Year

    Total
    Total

    Commercial

    Industrial

    Educational
    and science

    Hospital

    Public
    buildings

    Religious

    Social and
    recreational

    Miscellaneous

    Residential
    buildings

    Nonbuilding
    construction

    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    375 300
    358 400
    331 800
    306 500
    296 700
    271 500
    252 200
    230 800

    134 000
    136 500
    120 300
    114 200
    101 500
    88 800
    87 000
    86 200

    63 900
    58 600
    51 800
    46 600
    40 800
    34 200
    32 800
    32 700

    10 100
    14 100
    13 100
    13 800
    11 200
    9 000
    8 900
    8 300

    26 900
    27 800
    22 900
    22 900
    21 000
    19 300
    17 600
    19 000

    10 800
    11 500
    11 100
    10 800
    10 500
    10 500
    10 900
    9 600

    6 000
    6 900
    6 300
    6 300
    6 100
    3 900
    5 800
    6 200

    3 800
    3 700
    2 900
    2 800
    2 500
    2 400
    2 500
    2 400

    9 300
    9 800
    8 100
    7 100
    6 500
    6 800
    5 500
    5 100

    3 100
    4 000
    4 000
    3 800
    3 000
    2 600
    3 100
    3 000

    173 000
    152 600
    146 400
    127 800
    133 600
    123 900
    110 600
    94 400

    68 200
    69 400
    65 100
    64 400
    61 600
    58 900
    54 600
    50 200

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    246 000
    271 300
    262 200
    259 000
    249 300
    235 800
    214 300
    194 100
    157 100
    157 300

    95 400
    106 100
    97 900
    98 800
    91 600
    92 300
    82 100
    67 900
    64 600
    65 500

    44 800
    53 600
    51 600
    53 700
    52 400
    54 600
    48 200
    38 300
    32 300
    35 200

    8 400
    12 700
    9 500
    8 600
    7 300
    8 100
    7 900
    5 400
    9 600
    9 300

    16 600
    15 900
    14 100
    13 200
    11 700
    10 000
    8 500
    7 100
    6 800
    6 600

    9 200
    8 800
    8 200
    9 000
    7 900
    7 800
    7 400
    8 500
    8 000
    6 400

    5 700
    5 200
    4 400
    4 700
    3 200
    3 100
    2 700
    2 100
    1 900
    1 400

    2 200
    2 000
    2 200
    2 100
    2 100
    2 000
    1 700
    1 500
    1 200
    1 200

    5 300
    5 000
    4 700
    4 300
    4 200
    4 000
    3 300
    2 900
    2 800
    3 400

    3 100
    2 900
    3 200
    3 200
    2 800
    2 500
    2 400
    2 100
    2 000
    2 000

    100 900
    116 200
    116 200
    114 100
    115 600
    102 100
    95 300
    88 400
    55 000
    56 300

    49 700
    49 000
    48 100
    46 100
    42 100
    41 400
    36 900
    37 800
    37 500
    35 400

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    151 800
    168 400
    159 900
    139 700
    110 100
    92 700
    93 700
    99 300
    88 885
    80 188

    56 900
    50 200
    45 000
    35 100
    30 000
    31 600
    33 200
    31 400
    ...
    ...

    27 700
    24 400
    20 600
    13 600
    10 200
    9 200
    11 800
    12 800
    11 369
    9 610

    9 200
    7 600
    9 200
    5 400
    4 500
    6 800
    5 600
    4 800
    3 005
    2 619

    7 400
    6 300
    5 700
    5 200
    4 900
    5 900
    6 300
    5 100
    4 760
    5 649

    5 400
    4 800
    3 800
    4 500
    4 500
    3 700
    3 800
    3 300
    3 516
    3 188

    1 600
    1 600
    1 500
    2 300
    2 100
    2 100
    2 100
    2 000
    1 490
    1 493

    1 200
    1 300
    1 200
    1 000
    900
    800
    800
    700
    640
    603

    2 700
    4 100
    3 000
    3 300
    3 000
    3 100
    2 800
    2 700
    1 237
    1 296

    1 700
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    1 003
    1 131

    60 400
    74 600
    74 900
    62 000
    44 200
    31 300
    33 600
    45 700
    42 882
    34 714

    34 500
    43 700
    39 900
    42 600
    35 900
    29 800
    27 000
    22 100
    18 983
    19 883

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    68 294
    68 294
    61 732
    54 514
    50 150
    49 272
    47 330
    45 546
    41 303
    37 135

    24 455
    25 949
    22 513
    20 139
    19 393
    17 219
    15 522
    14 377
    13 010
    12 115

    9 056
    9 786
    7 645
    6 080
    5 835
    5 457
    4 572
    4 445
    4 216
    3 797

    3 664
    3 915
    3 768
    3 701
    3 623
    3 064
    2 970
    2 274
    2 086
    1 814

    5 253
    5 543
    5 347
    5 216
    4 939
    4 164
    3 554
    3 314
    3 060
    3 015

    2 811
    2 817
    2 114
    1 873
    1 721
    1 515
    1 625
    1 485
    1 079
    985

    1 007
    1 154
    1 112
    959
    939
    842
    789
    964
    677
    671

    575
    674
    778
    793
    825
    783
    814
    755
    811
    805

    1 137
    1 116
    954
    834
    855
    800
    599
    648
    704
    623

    952
    944
    795
    683
    656
    596
    598
    493
    377
    403

    24 837
    25 633
    24 838
    21 155
    17 827
    21 248
    20 565
    20 502
    18 039
    16 123

    19 001
    16 710
    14 382
    13 220
    12 930
    10 805
    11 244
    10 667
    10 255
    8 897

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    36 318
    36 269
    35 090
    32 173
    31 612
    24 632
    20 596
    18 804
    18 070
    17 151

    12 240
    11 387
    10 948
    11 293
    11 208
    8 497
    7 110
    6 956
    6 695
    6 823

    3 725
    3 496
    3 197
    3 267
    3 140
    2 359
    1 816
    1 489
    979
    915

    2 114
    1 880
    1 400
    2 168
    2 381
    1 878
    1 274
    2 051
    2 558
    2 883

    3 005
    2 666
    2 907
    2 936
    2 883
    2 134
    2 063
    1 720
    1 472
    1 335

    832
    865
    879
    870
    678
    475
    519
    434
    444
    581

    679
    605
    655
    470
    428
    301
    249
    203
    233
    158

    789
    799
    746
    699
    681
    551
    486
    385
    318
    299

    631
    601
    500
    429
    422
    270
    252
    222
    153
    136

    464
    474
    664
    455
    595
    530
    452
    452
    538
    515

    15 105
    17 150
    14 696
    13 039
    12 862
    11 072
    9 344
    7 840
    7 963
    7 605

    8 973
    7 732
    9 446
    7 841
    7 542
    5 063
    4 142
    4 008
    3 412
    2 723

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    16 592
    11 826
    11 121
    9 175
    7 490
    3 299
    1 994
    3 274
    8 255
    6 007

    5 182
    3 644
    3 666
    2 716
    2 716
    1 850
    899
    1 424
    3 897
    2 316

    1 209
    885
    975
    785
    773
    346
    81
    121
    302
    471

    1 142
    559
    840
    941
    1 317
    1 027
    473
    766
    2 228
    1 182

    1 180
    824
    725
    392
    221
    100
    69
    62
    148
    141

    655
    555
    405
    192
    131
    113
    59
    111
    185
    89

    124
    119
    84
    73
    25
    16
    12
    25
    102
    89

    336
    276
    245
    118
    68
    35
    12
    7
    24
    53

    261
    222
    232
    122
    93
    60
    33
    58
    101
    78

    274
    204
    161
    92
    88
    153
    161
    274
    808
    214

    8 832
    5 706
    5 299
    4 569
    3 142
    563
    348
    868
    1 818
    1 954

    2 578
    2 476
    2 155
    1 890
    1 631
    885
    746
    982
    2 541
    1 738

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    4 004
    3 551
    3 197
    2 913
    2 675
    1 845
    1 543
    1 256
    1 351
    3 093

    1 295
    966
    1 072
    1 156
    960
    681
    551
    417
    488
    1 141

    318
    247
    216
    297
    249
    165
    151
    99
    123
    311

    442
    175
    121
    314
    198
    109
    116
    128
    44
    116

    147
    201
    334
    223
    219
    168
    112
    39
    81
    223

    94
    83
    116
    82
    74
    47
    37
    37
    48
    121

    80
    110
    114
    105
    102
    98
    56
    51
    118
    181

    46
    38
    36
    37
    28
    24
    18
    18
    27
    53

    63
    82
    108
    84
    75
    55
    46
    27
    34
    99

    104
    29
    28
    15
    14
    16
    15
    19
    13
    36

    1 597
    1 334
    986
    905
    802
    479
    249
    249
    280
    811

    1 112
    1 251
    1 139
    852
    914
    685
    743
    589
    583
    1 141

    . . . = Not available.

    278

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 18-3Series N 78-89. Value of Construction Contracts Awarded (Dodge), by Class of Construction,
    19011998Continued
    (Millions of dollars, includes new structures and alterations to existing structures.)
    Nonresidential buildings
    Year

    Total
    Total

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    Commercial

    Industrial

    Educational
    and science

    Hospital

    Public
    buildings

    Religious

    Social and
    recreational

    Miscellaneous

    Residential
    buildings

    Nonbuilding
    construction

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    4 523
    5 751
    6 628
    6 303
    6 381
    6 006
    4 479
    3 992
    3 344
    2 355

    1 822
    2 425
    2 438
    2 439
    2 418
    2 202
    1 583
    1 456
    1 395
    998

    616
    929
    885
    933
    921
    872
    591
    518
    496
    332

    257
    546
    509
    376
    471
    327
    233
    313
    278
    153

    366
    370
    390
    369
    373
    419
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    163
    152
    165
    163
    133
    111
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    140
    121
    76
    80
    67
    55
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    93
    106
    128
    157
    149
    153
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    117
    147
    219
    261
    252
    253
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    71
    55
    67
    102
    52
    12
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 101
    1 916
    2 788
    2 573
    2 671
    2 748
    2 052
    1 736
    1 340
    879

    1 599
    1 410
    1 402
    1 291
    1 292
    1 057
    844
    801
    609
    479

    1920 1 ....................................
    1919 1 ....................................
    1918 .......................................
    1917 .......................................
    1916 .......................................
    1915 .......................................
    1914 .......................................
    1913 .......................................
    1912 .......................................
    1911 .......................................

    2 564
    2 590
    1 767
    1 691
    1 413
    978
    775
    917
    923
    828

    1 394
    1 213
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    444
    406
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    555
    498
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    570
    849
    305
    355
    483
    418
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    600
    517
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    859
    166
    112
    129
    125
    107
    97
    104
    119
    120

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    1Twenty-five

    states only. Totals for 27 states are 1919: 2,699; 1920: 2,635.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 18: CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING

    279

    Table 18-4. Price and Cost Indexes for Construction, 19802002


    (1996 = 100, Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.)
    Name of index

    1980

    1985

    1990

    1995

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    U.S. Census Bureau composite


    Fixed-weighted 1 ..................................................................
    Implicit price deflator 2 ..........................................................
    U.S. Census Bureau houses under construction 3
    Fixed-weighted ........................................................................
    Price deflator ............................................................................

    59.3
    59.0

    71.8
    71.1

    85.5
    85.0

    97.7
    97.8

    106.0
    106.1

    110.3
    110.4

    115.3
    115.4

    120.2
    119.6

    122.7
    122.6

    58.0
    57.0

    69.8
    68.3

    84.6
    83.4

    98.1
    98.1

    105.6
    105.6

    110.4
    110.4

    115.4
    115.5

    121.2
    121.3

    124.4
    124.4

    Federal Highway Administration, composite 4 .........................


    Bureau of Reclamation composite 5 .........................................

    79.7
    62

    83.6
    75

    88.9
    85

    99.8
    98

    105.2
    105

    111.9
    107

    119.3
    111

    118.7
    112

    121.2
    114

    Turner Construction Co.: Building construction 6 .....................


    Engineering News-Record 7
    Buildings ..............................................................................
    Construction .........................................................................

    54

    74

    87

    97

    109

    113

    118

    121

    123

    60.6
    57.6

    75.8
    74.6

    84.4
    84.2

    97.1
    97.3

    105.8
    105.3

    107.9
    107.8

    110.5
    110.7

    111.6
    112.7

    113.1
    116.3

    Handy-Whitman public utility 8


    Buildings ..............................................................................
    Electric 9 ...............................................................................
    Gas .....................................................................................
    Water 10 ..............................................................................
    C.A. Turner Telephone Plant 11 ..............................................

    66
    60
    60
    64
    79

    76
    74
    75
    76
    77

    85
    86
    86
    85
    87

    97
    98
    99
    98
    96

    104
    104
    104
    104
    102

    107
    105
    107
    107
    101

    110
    109
    111
    112
    103

    114
    113
    114
    116
    106

    116
    116
    116
    120
    108

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Weighted

    average of the various indexes used to deflate the Construction Put in Place series. In calculating the index, the weights (i.e., the composition of current dollar estimates in 1996 by
    category) are held constant.

    2Derived ratio of total current to constant dollar Construction Put in Place (multiplied by 100).
    3Excludes value of site.
    4Based on average contract unit bid prices for composite mile (involving specific average amounts of excavation, paving, reinforcing steel, structural steel, and structural concrete).
    5Derived from the four quarterly indexes which are weighted averages of costs of labor, materials, and equipment for the construction of dams and reclamation projects.
    6Based on firms cost experience with respect to labor rates, materials prices, competitive conditions, efficiency of plant and management, and productivity.
    7Building construction index computed on the basis of a hypothetical unit of construction requiring 6 bbl. of portland cement, 1,088 M bd. ft. of 2x4 lumber, 2,500 lb. of structural steel,

    and 68.38

    hours of skilled labor. General construction index based on same materials components combined with 200 hours of common labor.
    8Based on data covering public utility construction costs in six geographic regions. Covers skilled and common labor.
    9As derived by U.S. Census Bureau. Covers steam generation plants only.
    10As derived by U.S. Census Bureau. Reflects costs for structures and improvements at water pumping and treatment plants.
    11Computed by the Census Bureau by averaging the weighted component indexes published for six geographic regions.

    Table 18-5. Median Sales Price of New Privately Owned One-Family Houses Sold, by Region, 19802002
    (Dollars.)
    Year

    United States
    total

    Northeast

    Midwest

    South

    West

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    187 600
    175 200

    264 300
    246 400

    178 000
    172 600

    163 400
    155 400

    238 500
    213 600

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    169 000
    161 000
    152 500
    146 000
    140 000
    133 900
    130 000
    126 500
    121 500

    227 400
    210 500
    200 000
    190 000
    186 000
    180 000
    169 000
    162 600
    169 000

    169 700
    164 000
    157 500
    149 900
    138 000
    134 000
    132 900
    125 000
    115 600

    148 000
    145 900
    135 800
    129 600
    126 200
    124 500
    116 900
    115 000
    105 500

    196 400
    173 700
    163 500
    160 000
    153 900
    141 400
    140 400
    135 000
    130 400

    1990 ......................................................
    1985 ......................................................
    1980 ......................................................

    122 900
    84 300
    64 600

    159 000
    103 300
    69 500

    107 900
    80 300
    63 400

    99 000
    75 000
    59 600

    147 500
    92 600
    72 300

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    280

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 18-6. Homeownership Rates, by Age of Householder and Household Status, 19852002
    (Percent.)
    Age of householder and household type

    United States ..............................................................

    1985

    1990

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    63.9

    63.9

    64.7

    65.4

    65.7

    66.3

    66.8

    67.4

    67.8

    67.9

    Less than 25 years old ................................................


    25 to 29 years old .......................................................
    30 to 34 years old .......................................................
    35 to 39 years old .......................................................
    40 to 44 years old .......................................................
    45 to 49 years old .......................................................

    17.2
    37.7
    54.0
    65.4
    71.4
    74.3

    15.7
    35.2
    51.8
    63.0
    69.8
    73.9

    15.9
    34.4
    53.1
    62.1
    68.6
    73.7

    18.0
    34.7
    53.0
    62.1
    69.0
    74.4

    17.7
    35.0
    52.6
    62.6
    69.7
    74.2

    18.2
    36.2
    53.6
    63.7
    70.0
    73.9

    19.9
    36.5
    53.8
    64.4
    69.9
    74.5

    21.7
    38.1
    54.6
    65.0
    70.6
    74.7

    22.5
    38.9
    54.8
    65.5
    70.8
    75.4

    23.0
    39.0
    55.0
    65.2
    71.7
    74.9

    50 to 54 years old .......................................................


    55 to 59 years old .......................................................
    60 to 64 years old .......................................................
    65 to 69 years old .......................................................
    70 to 74 years old .......................................................
    75 years old and over .................................................

    77.5
    79.2
    79.9
    79.5
    76.8
    69.8

    76.8
    78.8
    79.8
    80.0
    78.4
    72.3

    77.0
    78.8
    80.3
    81.0
    80.9
    74.6

    77.2
    79.4
    80.7
    82.4
    81.4
    75.3

    77.7
    79.7
    80.5
    81.9
    82.0
    75.8

    77.8
    79.8
    82.1
    81.9
    82.2
    76.2

    77.8
    80.7
    81.3
    82.9
    82.8
    77.1

    78.5
    80.4
    80.3
    83.0
    82.6
    77.7

    78.2
    81.0
    81.8
    82.4
    82.5
    78.1

    77.8
    80.8
    81.5
    82.8
    82.5
    78.4

    Less than 35 years old ................................................


    35 to 44 years old .......................................................
    45 to 54 years old .......................................................
    55 to 64 years old .......................................................
    65 years old and over .................................................

    39.9
    68.1
    75.9
    79.5
    74.8

    38.5
    66.3
    75.2
    79.3
    76.3

    38.6
    65.2
    75.2
    79.5
    78.1

    39.1
    65.5
    75.6
    80.0
    78.9

    38.7
    66.1
    75.8
    80.1
    79.1

    39.3
    66.9
    75.7
    80.9
    79.3

    39.7
    67.2
    76.0
    81.0
    80.1

    40.8
    67.9
    76.5
    80.3
    80.4

    41.2
    68.2
    76.7
    81.3
    80.3

    41.3
    68.6
    76.3
    81.1
    80.5

    78.2
    57.8
    45.8

    78.1
    55.2
    44.0

    79.6
    55.3
    45.1

    80.2
    55.5
    46.1

    80.8
    54.0
    46.1

    81.5
    55.7
    47.0

    81.8
    56.1
    48.2

    82.4
    57.5
    49.1

    82.9
    57.9
    49.9

    83.1
    58.0
    49.2

    45.8
    38.8
    51.3

    49.0
    42.4
    53.6

    50.5
    43.8
    55.4

    51.4
    44.9
    56.0

    51.8
    45.2
    56.7

    52.1
    45.7
    56.9

    52.7
    46.3
    57.6

    53.6
    47.4
    58.1

    54.4
    48.2
    59.0

    54.8
    48.7
    59.4

    30.1
    30.6

    31.7
    32.5

    34.2
    33.0

    35.5
    35.9

    35.9
    39.5

    36.7
    40.3

    37.2
    41.5

    38.0
    40.6

    38.6
    41.0

    38.8
    41.6

    AGE

    TYPE OF HOUSEHOLD
    Family Households
    Married-couple families ...............................................
    Male householder, no spouse present ........................
    Female householder, no spouse present ....................
    Nonfamily Households
    One-person .................................................................
    Male householder ...................................................
    Female householder ...............................................
    Other
    Male householder ...................................................
    Female householder ...............................................

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    SECTION 18: CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING

    281

    Table 18-7Series N 170. Mobile Home


    Shipments, 19592002

    Table 18-8Series N 186. Low-Rent Public Housing


    Units, 19471993

    (Number.)

    (Low-rent public housing units cover those units subsidized by U.S.


    Department of Housing and Urban Development under annual
    contributions contracts, including new, conventional and turnkey units
    and existing housing either acquired or leased. Includes Puerto Rico
    and Virgin Islands.)

    Year

    Mobile home
    shipments

    2002 .................................................................
    2001 .................................................................

    168 500
    193 300

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    250 400
    348 100
    373 100
    353 700
    361 500
    340 000
    304 000
    254 000
    210 000
    171 000

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    188 000
    198 000
    218 000
    233 000
    244 000
    284 000
    296 000
    296 000
    240 000
    241 000

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    222 000
    277 000
    276 000
    277 000
    246 000
    213 000
    329 000
    567 000
    576 000
    492 000

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    401 000
    413 000
    318 000
    240 000
    217 000
    217 000
    191 000
    151 000
    118 000
    90 000

    1960 .................................................................
    1959 .................................................................

    104 000
    121 000

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Manufactured Homes Survey.


    Note: A manufactured, or mobile, home is defined as a movable dwelling,
    8 feet or more wide and 40 feet or more long, designed to be towed
    on its own chassis, with transportation gear integral to the unit when
    it leaves the factory, and without need of a permanent foundation.
    These manufactured homes include multiwides and expandable
    manufactured homes. Excluded are travel trailers, motor homes,
    and modular housing.

    Year

    Total low-rent public housing 1


    (thousands)

    1993 ......................................................
    1992 ......................................................
    1991 ......................................................

    1 324.7
    1 323.3
    1 320.0

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 305.3
    1 205.0
    1 448.8
    1 443.0
    1 365.1
    1 378.0
    1 524.9
    1 483.3
    1 432.2
    1 404.0

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 321.1
    1 332.9
    1 224.8
    1 308.8
    1 305.4
    1 316.7
    1 314.0
    1 323.6
    1 260.2
    1 175.9

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 155.3
    1 034.7
    923.7
    850.2
    778.2
    735.7
    714.3
    682.3
    646.6
    624.1

    1960 ......................................................
    1959 ......................................................
    1958 ......................................................
    1957 ......................................................
    1956 ......................................................
    1955 2 ....................................................
    1954 ......................................................
    1953 ......................................................
    1952 ......................................................
    1951 ......................................................

    593.3
    585.2
    557.2
    534.6
    533.6
    489.7
    455.7
    455.2
    436.8
    404.8

    1950 2 ....................................................
    1949 ......................................................
    1948 ......................................................
    1947 ......................................................

    302.1
    204.9
    193.8
    192.0

    1As of December 31.


    2Excludes units which

    have been sold to mutual housing associations, limited dividend


    corporations (PWA), and homestead associations on which HUD has mortgages for
    collection.

    282

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 18-9Series N 200-215. Value of Gross and Net Stocks of Residential Structures in Current Dollars,
    19251993
    (Billions of constant 1970 dollars.)
    Gross stocks of residential structures
    Year

    Private nonfarm

    Total,
    all types

    Private
    non-housekeeping

    Farm
    14 units

    5 or more units

    Mobile homes

    1993 ......................................................
    1991 ......................................................

    8 798
    7 869

    7 164
    6 345

    1 015
    974

    172
    167

    34
    32

    147
    129

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    7 543
    7 152
    6 662
    6 376
    5 817
    5 706
    4 815
    4 522
    4 292
    4 211

    6 075
    5 744
    5 337
    5 100
    4 643
    4 566
    3 764
    3 534
    3 353
    3 294

    933
    916
    854
    819
    743
    701
    655
    606
    569
    554

    163
    164
    159
    159
    153
    150
    134
    131
    129
    130

    32
    32
    30
    30
    28
    27
    26
    25
    25
    25

    124
    103
    101
    94
    93
    104
    88
    86
    82
    78

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4 380
    3 494
    3 135
    2 627
    2 274
    2 017
    1 862
    1 801
    1 573
    1 395

    3 502
    2 735
    2 455
    2 052
    1 771
    1 567
    1 446
    1 429
    1 261
    1 127

    522
    452
    402
    336
    292
    259
    239
    199
    163
    135

    136
    114
    106
    91
    82
    75
    71
    60
    55
    51

    24
    22
    20
    18
    16
    14
    14
    42
    35
    31

    79
    66
    57
    49
    42
    37
    34
    30
    24
    19

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 284.7
    1 197.3
    1 094.4
    1 010.6
    941.8
    888.9
    848.0
    807.5
    765.7
    731.6

    1 050.2
    983.4
    903.3
    836.5
    782.1
    739.8
    707.2
    675.1
    641.3
    614.1

    111.1
    100.3
    88.4
    79.0
    72.5
    67.0
    62.2
    57.2
    52.2
    48.2

    50.5
    47.7
    44.3
    42.6
    39.5
    39.5
    38.4
    38.3
    38.0
    37.9

    27.9
    25.6
    23.4
    21.2
    19.4
    16.7
    16.3
    14.9
    13.6
    12.6

    16.0
    13.4
    10.9
    9.1
    7.9
    6.9
    5.9
    5.0
    4.4
    3.9

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    713.5
    689.0
    645.1
    618.4
    593.7
    556.7
    517.1
    498.8
    486.8
    465.0

    600.8
    579.8
    540.9
    517.7
    496.0
    463.4
    427.7
    410.5
    398.1
    378.6

    45.6
    43.9
    41.6
    40.1
    39.0
    37.4
    35.7
    35.1
    35.0
    34.0

    37.7
    37.6
    37.2
    37.0
    36.4
    35.0
    34.0
    34.0
    34.0
    33.8

    11.9
    11.4
    10.8
    10.5
    10.2
    9.8
    9.5
    9.5
    9.7
    9.6

    3.6
    3.2
    2.7
    2.3
    1.9
    1.5
    1.3
    1.2
    1.0
    0.8

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    428.4
    386.2
    369.3
    342.6
    286.7
    243.4
    226.2
    211.5
    195.1
    179.3

    347.8
    312.0
    297.8
    274.4
    228.8
    194.8
    181.3
    168.2
    155.4
    144.3

    32.1
    29.6
    28.5
    26.8
    22.9
    19.9
    18.5
    17.2
    15.8
    14.7

    32.2
    29.4
    28.5
    27.5
    23.3
    18.9
    17.2
    16.8
    15.8
    14.2

    9.3
    8.9
    8.8
    8.6
    7.5
    6.5
    6.2
    5.8
    5.5
    5.1

    0.7
    0.6
    0.5
    0.3
    0.1
    *
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    162.9
    151.4
    146.4
    142.3
    132.2
    121.8
    119.3
    114.2
    109.1
    122.2

    131.3
    121.7
    117.5
    114.0
    105.9
    97.5
    95.4
    91.2
    86.9
    97.1

    13.5
    12.6
    12.1
    11.8
    10.9
    10.0
    9.8
    9.4
    9.0
    10.1

    12.9
    12.3
    12.3
    12.1
    11.3
    10.6
    10.5
    10.2
    9.9
    11.3

    4.7
    4.5
    4.3
    4.2
    4.0
    3.7
    3.6
    3.4
    3.3
    3.7

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    140.5
    147.4
    143.6
    136.3
    131.6
    127.8

    111.6
    117.1
    113.8
    108.1
    105.3
    101.7

    11.5
    12.0
    11.3
    10.1
    8.2
    8.2

    13.2
    14.0
    14.4
    14.4
    14.6
    14.8

    4.2
    4.3
    4.1
    3.7
    3.5
    3.1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    * = Less than $0.05 billion.


    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 18: CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING

    283

    Table 18-10Series N 216-231. Mean Age of Stocks of Residential Structures, 19251994


    (Years.)
    Gross stocks of residential structures
    Year

    Private nonfarm
    Total, all types

    Private
    non-housekeeping

    Farm
    14 units

    5 or more units

    Mobile homes

    1994 ......................................................
    1993 ......................................................
    1991 ......................................................

    24.0
    24.0
    23.8

    24.4
    24.4
    24.3

    21.8
    21.8
    20.3

    43.2
    43.2
    42.9

    ...
    ...
    23.9

    11.0
    11.1
    11.0

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    23.6
    23.7
    23.7
    23.7
    23.8
    23.7
    24.9
    25.0
    25.0
    24.8

    24.2
    24.3
    24.4
    24.5
    24.7
    24.3
    26.3
    26.3
    26.3
    26.1

    19.8
    19.1
    18.8
    18.6
    18.4
    18.7
    18.1
    18.1
    17.9
    17.6

    43.2
    43.6
    43.5
    43.2
    43.1
    43.4
    46.0
    45.8
    45.5
    45.5

    23.6
    23.4
    23.1
    22.7
    22.3
    22.0
    21.6
    21.0
    20.4
    19.9

    10.7
    8.7
    8.5
    8.4
    8.3
    9.2
    7.9
    7.8
    7.7
    7.4

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    23.2
    24.6
    24.6
    24.7
    24.9
    24.9
    24.8
    26.8
    26.8
    27.1

    23.9
    25.9
    25.9
    26.1
    26.3
    26.4
    26.3
    27.2
    27.3
    27.4

    17.8
    17.1
    16.9
    16.7
    16.4
    16.0
    15.6
    15.9
    16.9
    18.1

    42.8
    45.4
    45.6
    45.8
    46.0
    46.0
    46.0
    49.8
    49.6
    49.4

    19.3
    18.7
    18.1
    17.5
    17.0
    16.5
    16.1
    11.5
    11.6
    11.6

    7.7
    6.7
    6.4
    6.2
    5.8
    5.4
    4.9
    4.1
    4.1
    4.2

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    27.6
    27.6
    27.6
    27.7
    27.7
    27.7
    27.9
    28.1
    28.3
    28.5

    27.7
    27.5
    27.4
    27.4
    27.3
    27.2
    27.3
    27.4
    27.5
    27.6

    19.7
    20.4
    21.3
    22.0
    22.4
    23.1
    24.0
    25.3
    26.8
    27.9

    49.0
    49.1
    49.1
    49.0
    49.0
    48.8
    48.7
    48.5
    48.3
    48.2

    11.5
    11.5
    11.6
    11.9
    12.2
    12.8
    13.6
    14.6
    15.9
    16.9

    4.2
    4.2
    4.3
    4.4
    4.3
    4.2
    4.1
    4.1
    4.1
    3.9

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    28.7
    28.9
    29.2
    29.4
    29.6
    30.0
    30.5
    30.9
    31.3
    31.6

    27.7
    27.8
    28.2
    28.4
    28.6
    29.0
    29.6
    30.1
    30.6
    31.0

    28.8
    29.2
    29.5
    29.5
    29.3
    29.0
    28.6
    28.2
    27.8
    27.4

    48.0
    47.8
    47.5
    47.3
    47.0
    46.8
    46.6
    46.4
    46.3
    46.2

    18.0
    19.0
    19.9
    20.7
    21.2
    21.6
    21.8
    21.9
    21.8
    21.6

    3.6
    3.4
    3.4
    3.4
    3.5
    3.8
    4.0
    3.8
    3.6
    3.3

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    32.1
    32.8
    33.2
    33.7
    34.1
    34.2
    33.6
    33.0
    32.5
    32.1

    31.5
    32.4
    32.9
    33.5
    33.9
    34.1
    33.5
    32.9
    32.2
    31.8

    27.0
    27.0
    27.0
    26.9
    26.6
    26.1
    25.3
    24.5
    23.7
    23.0

    46.2
    46.2
    46.3
    46.5
    46.5
    46.4
    45.6
    44.8
    44.1
    43.5

    21.3
    21.1
    20.8
    20.4
    20.0
    19.7
    19.1
    18.4
    17.7
    17.2

    2.8
    2.3
    1.6
    1.2
    0.8
    0.5
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    32.0
    31.9
    31.6
    31.3
    30.9
    30.4
    29.9
    29.2
    28.5
    27.8

    31.7
    31.6
    31.4
    31.0
    30.6
    30.2
    29.6
    28.9
    28.2
    27.5

    22.4
    21.9
    21.4
    20.8
    20.2
    19.5
    18.7
    17.9
    17.0
    16.1

    43.0
    42.4
    42.0
    41.6
    41.2
    40.8
    40.3
    39.7
    39.0
    38.4

    16.7
    16.3
    15.8
    15.4
    14.9
    14.3
    13.7
    13.0
    12.4
    11.7

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    27.3
    26.8
    26.6
    26.6
    26.8
    27.0

    27.0
    26.5
    26.2
    26.2
    26.3
    26.4

    15.4
    14.8
    14.7
    15.0
    15.8
    16.7

    37.8
    37.4
    37.0
    36.6
    36.3
    35.9

    11.0
    10.7
    10.4
    10.3
    10.4
    10.8

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    . . . = Not available.

    284

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 18-11Series N 238-245. Occupied Housing Units and Tenure of Home, 18902001
    (Number in thousands, percent.)
    Tenure of homes
    Year 1

    Total occupied housing units


    (thousands)

    Owner occupied
    Number
    (thousands)

    Number of renter-occupied units


    (thousands)

    Percent

    2001 .......................................

    106 261

    72 265

    68.0

    33 996

    1999
    1997
    1995
    1993

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    102 803
    99 487
    97 693
    94 724

    68 796
    65 487
    63 544
    61 252

    66.9
    65.8
    65.0
    64.7

    34 007
    34 000
    34 150
    33 472

    1990
    1987
    1985
    1983
    1981

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    91 947
    90 888
    88 425
    84 638
    83 175

    59 025
    58 164
    56 145
    54 742
    54 342

    64.2
    64.0
    63.5
    64.7
    65.3

    32 923
    32 724
    32 280
    29 914
    28 833

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    80 390
    78 572
    77 167
    75 280
    74 005
    72 523
    62 562
    69 337

    51 795
    51 411
    50 283
    48 765
    47 904
    46 867
    42 157
    41 653

    64.4
    65.4
    59.4
    59.2
    64.7
    64.6
    67.4
    64.4

    28 595
    27 160
    26 884
    26 515
    26 101
    25 656
    20 405
    24 684

    1970 .......................................
    1960 * ....................................
    1956 2 ....................................
    1950 .......................................
    1945 2 ....................................

    63 450
    53 024
    49 874
    42 826
    37 600

    39 885
    32 796
    30 121
    23 560
    20 009

    62.9
    61.9
    60.4
    55.0
    53.2

    23 565
    20 227
    19 753
    19 266
    17 591

    1940
    1930
    1920
    1910
    1900
    1890

    34 855
    29 905
    24 353
    20 256
    15 964
    12 690

    15 196
    14 002
    10 867
    9 084
    7 205
    6 066

    43.6
    47.8
    45.6
    45.9
    46.7
    47.8

    19 659
    15 320
    12 944
    10 698
    8 224
    6 624

    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................
    .......................................

    1Figures for 1956 are for December 31; figures for 1945 are for November 1; figures
    2These figures are not comparable with other years; based on sample surveys.
    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    for decennial years 1890 to 1970 are for census dates.

    SECTION 18: CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING

    285

    Table 18-12Series N 246-258. Housing Units Vacancy Rates, by Region, 19502002


    (Percent; annual average, except where noted.)
    Homeowner vacancy rate

    Rental vacancy rate

    Year
    United States

    Northeast

    Midwest

    South

    West

    United States

    Northeast

    Midwest

    South

    West

    2002 ............................................
    2001 ............................................

    1.7
    1.8

    1.2
    1.2

    1.8
    1.7

    1.9
    2.1

    1.6
    1.6

    9.0
    8.4

    5.8
    5.3

    10.1
    9.7

    11.8
    11.1

    6.9
    6.2

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................
    1992 ............................................
    1991 ............................................

    1.6
    1.7
    1.7
    1.6
    1.6
    1.5
    1.5
    1.4
    1.5
    1.7

    1.2
    1.4
    1.5
    1.6
    1.6
    1.5
    1.5
    1.3
    1.3
    1.5

    1.3
    1.2
    1.4
    1.2
    1.3
    1.3
    1.1
    1.1
    1.2
    1.3

    1.9
    2.0
    2.0
    1.9
    1.8
    1.7
    1.7
    1.7
    1.7
    2.2

    1.5
    1.7
    1.7
    1.8
    1.7
    1.7
    1.6
    1.4
    1.9
    1.7

    8.0
    8.1
    7.9
    7.7
    7.8
    7.6
    7.4
    7.3
    7.4
    7.4

    5.6
    6.3
    6.7
    6.7
    7.4
    7.2
    7.1
    7.0
    6.9
    6.9

    8.8
    8.6
    7.9
    8.0
    7.9
    7.2
    6.8
    6.6
    6.7
    6.7

    10.5
    10.3
    9.6
    9.1
    8.6
    8.3
    8.0
    7.9
    8.2
    8.9

    5.8
    6.2
    6.7
    6.6
    7.2
    7.5
    7.1
    7.4
    7.1
    6.5

    1990 ............................................
    1989 ............................................
    1988 ............................................
    1987 ............................................
    1986 ............................................
    1985 ............................................
    1984 ............................................
    1983 ............................................
    1982 ............................................
    1981 ............................................

    1.7
    1.8
    1.6
    1.7
    1.6
    1.7
    1.7
    1.5
    1.5
    1.4

    1.6
    1.5
    1.6
    1.2
    1.0
    1.0
    0.8
    1.0
    1.0
    1.1

    1.3
    1.4
    1.2
    1.4
    1.5
    1.6
    1.6
    1.5
    1.6
    1.4

    2.1
    2.2
    1.9
    2.0
    2.1
    2.1
    2.0
    1.8
    1.6
    1.3

    1.8
    1.6
    1.6
    1.8
    1.6
    2.1
    2.0
    1.8
    1.9
    1.7

    7.2
    7.4
    7.7
    7.7
    7.3
    6.5
    5.9
    5.7
    5.3
    5.0

    6.1
    4.7
    4.8
    4.1
    3.9
    3.5
    3.7
    4.0
    3.7
    3.7

    6.4
    6.8
    6.9
    6.8
    6.9
    5.9
    5.9
    6.1
    6.3
    5.9

    8.8
    9.7
    10.1
    10.9
    10.1
    9.1
    7.9
    6.9
    5.8
    5.4

    6.6
    7.1
    7.7
    7.3
    7.1
    6.2
    5.2
    5.2
    5.4
    5.1

    1980 ............................................
    1979 ............................................
    1978 ............................................
    1977 ............................................
    1976 ............................................
    1975 ............................................
    1974 ............................................
    1973 ............................................
    1972 ............................................
    1971 ............................................

    1.4
    1.1
    1.0
    1.2
    1.2
    1.2
    1.2
    1.0
    1.0
    1.0

    1.1
    0.9
    0.8
    0.9
    1.0
    1.0
    0.8
    0.7
    0.8
    1.0

    1.6
    1.1
    1.0
    0.9
    1.0
    1.0
    1.0
    0.9
    1.0
    1.2

    1.3
    1.1
    1.3
    1.7
    1.6
    1.5
    1.5
    1.2
    1.2
    2.0

    1.6
    1.3
    1.0
    0.9
    1.2
    1.5
    1.5
    1.2
    1.1
    1.9

    5.4
    5.0
    5.0
    5.2
    5.6
    6.0
    6.2
    5.8
    5.6
    5.4

    4.2
    4.0
    4.8
    5.1
    4.7
    4.1
    4.2
    3.9
    3.3
    3.0

    6.0
    5.1
    4.8
    5.1
    5.6
    5.7
    6.1
    5.9
    6.1
    5.7

    6.0
    5.8
    5.5
    5.7
    6.4
    7.7
    8.0
    7.1
    7.0
    7.3

    5.2
    4.9
    4.8
    5.0
    5.4
    6.2
    6.2
    6.3
    6.0
    5.7

    1970 ............................................
    1969 ............................................
    1968 ............................................
    1967 ............................................
    1966 ............................................
    1965 ............................................
    1964 ............................................
    1963 ............................................
    1962 ............................................
    1961 ............................................

    1.0
    1.0
    1.1
    1.3
    1.4
    1.5
    1.5
    1.5
    1.4
    1.4

    0.8
    0.8
    0.8
    0.7
    0.9
    1.0
    1.1
    1.0
    1.1
    1.1

    1.0
    0.9
    1.0
    1.0
    1.0
    1.2
    1.3
    1.4
    1.2
    1.2

    1.2
    1.2
    1.4
    1.7
    1.8
    2.0
    1.9
    1.9
    1.7
    1.7

    1.1
    1.2
    1.3
    2.0
    2.1
    1.9
    1.8
    1.9
    1.6
    1.3

    5.3
    5.5
    5.9
    6.8
    7.7
    8.3
    8.3
    8.3
    8.1
    8.7

    2.7
    3.0
    3.7
    4.8
    5.3
    5.6
    5.2
    5.1
    4.7
    4.9

    5.8
    5.7
    5.4
    5.7
    6.5
    7.2
    7.9
    8.7
    9.0
    9.3

    7.2
    7.2
    7.5
    8.0
    8.5
    9.0
    9.1
    9.2
    9.9
    10.4

    5.6
    6.1
    7.1
    8.9
    10.9
    11.9
    11.0
    10.2
    9.5
    10.7

    1960* ..........................................
    1959 ............................................
    1958 ............................................
    1957 ............................................
    1956 ............................................
    19501 ..........................................

    1.3
    1.2
    1.2
    1.0
    1.0
    0.9

    1.0
    1.0
    1.0
    0.7
    0.9
    ...

    1.2
    1.1
    1.4
    0.9
    0.8
    ...

    1.6
    1.2
    1.0
    0.9
    1.0
    ...

    1.4
    1.4
    1.2
    1.3
    1.4
    ...

    8.1
    7.0
    6.5
    5.6
    6.1
    ...

    4.9
    3.9
    3.8
    3.4
    3.1
    ...

    8.3
    7.1
    7.3
    5.4
    5.6
    ...

    9.5
    9.4
    7.9
    6.7
    8.1
    ...

    11.0
    8.5
    7.5
    7.4
    8.7
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Housing Vacancy Survey.


    1As of April.
    * = First year

    for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.


    . . . = Not available.

    286

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 18-13Series N 273-276. Residential Nonfarm Mortgage Debt Outstanding, by Type of Property,
    19252002
    (Billions of dollars as of December 31.)
    Year

    Multi-family
    residential mortgages

    Home mortgages

    2002 ..................................................................................................
    2001 ..................................................................................................

    6 462.6
    5 738.6

    488.5
    445.4

    2000 ..................................................................................................
    1999 ..................................................................................................
    1998 ..................................................................................................
    1997 ..................................................................................................
    1996 ..................................................................................................
    1995 ..................................................................................................
    1994 ..................................................................................................
    1993 ..................................................................................................
    1992 ..................................................................................................
    1991 ..................................................................................................

    5 205.4
    4 787.2
    4 362.9
    3 978.3
    3 720.0
    3 478.2
    3 301.5
    3 119.3
    2 957.1
    2 788.6

    400.6
    368.4
    331.3
    300.1
    288.0
    275.5
    269.6
    269.1
    272.0
    284.9

    1990 ..................................................................................................
    1989 ..................................................................................................
    1988 ..................................................................................................
    1987 ..................................................................................................
    1986 ..................................................................................................
    1985 ..................................................................................................
    1984 ..................................................................................................
    1983 ..................................................................................................
    1982 ..................................................................................................
    1981 ..................................................................................................

    2 619.9
    2 383.0
    2 157.7
    1 924.2
    1 726.5
    1 523.6
    1 326.1
    1 191.6
    1 075.0
    1 034.9

    288.3
    288.1
    275.3
    259.2
    239.4
    205.9
    186.1
    161.2
    146.1
    142.4

    1980 ..................................................................................................
    1979 ..................................................................................................
    1978 ..................................................................................................
    1977 ..................................................................................................
    1976 ..................................................................................................
    1975 ..................................................................................................
    1974 ..................................................................................................
    1973 ..................................................................................................
    1972 ..................................................................................................
    1971 ..................................................................................................

    962.3
    859.3
    741.5
    630.7
    538.0
    476.9
    438.2
    402.5
    359.9
    320.9

    142.5
    135.0
    125.2
    114.3
    105.9
    100.7
    100.0
    93.2
    82.9
    70.1

    1970 ..................................................................................................
    1969 ..................................................................................................
    1968 ..................................................................................................
    1967 ..................................................................................................
    1966 ..................................................................................................
    1965 ..................................................................................................
    1964 ..................................................................................................
    1963 ..................................................................................................
    1962 ..................................................................................................
    1961 ..................................................................................................

    294.5
    280.5
    262.2
    245.1
    231.9
    218.6
    201.4
    184.1
    167.5
    153.3

    60.1
    53.2
    48.3
    44.8
    41.3
    38.2
    34.6
    30.0
    26.7
    23.6

    1960 ..................................................................................................
    1959 ..................................................................................................
    1958 ..................................................................................................
    1957 ..................................................................................................
    1956 ..................................................................................................
    1955 ..................................................................................................
    1954 ..................................................................................................
    1953 ..................................................................................................
    1952 ..................................................................................................
    1951 ..................................................................................................

    140.8
    129.6
    116.8
    107.0
    98.3
    87.5
    75.0
    65.7
    58.2
    51.4

    20.8
    18.7
    16.6
    14.6
    14.1
    13.5
    12.7
    12.1
    11.5
    10.6

    1950 ..................................................................................................
    1949 ..................................................................................................
    1948 ..................................................................................................
    1947 ..................................................................................................
    1946 ..................................................................................................
    1945 ..................................................................................................
    1944 ..................................................................................................
    1943 ..................................................................................................
    1942 ..................................................................................................
    1941 ..................................................................................................

    45.0
    37.4
    33.1
    28.1
    23.0
    18.6
    17.9
    17.8
    18.2
    18.4

    9.3
    7.8
    6.7
    5.8
    5.3
    4.9
    5.6
    5.8
    5.8
    5.9

    1940 ..................................................................................................
    1939 ..................................................................................................
    1938 ..................................................................................................
    1937 ..................................................................................................
    1936 ..................................................................................................
    1935 ..................................................................................................
    1934 ..................................................................................................
    1933 ..................................................................................................
    1932 ..................................................................................................
    1931 ..................................................................................................

    17.4
    16.3
    15.8
    15.5
    15.4
    15.4
    15.6
    15.4
    16.7
    18.1

    5.7
    5.6
    4.4
    4.5
    4.6
    4.8
    5.1
    5.7
    6.0
    6.2

    1930 ..................................................................................................
    1929 ..................................................................................................
    1928 ..................................................................................................
    1927 ..................................................................................................
    1926 ..................................................................................................
    1925 ..................................................................................................

    18.9
    18.9
    17.9
    16.4
    14.8
    13.0

    6.5
    6.0
    5.4
    5.0
    4.6
    4.2

    Source: Federal Reserve Board.

    SECTION

    19

    MANUFACTURING

    288

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 19

    MANUFACTURING
    Highlights

    Manufacturing is defined as the mechanical or


    chemical transformation of inorganic and organic substances into new products or the assembly of component parts of products. Manufacturing activities were
    classified from 1947 through 1997 according to the
    Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual, published by the Office of Management and Budget. First
    issued in 1939, it was revised in 1945, 1957, 1972, and
    1987. Beginning in 1997, the SIC codes were replaced
    with a new system called the North American Industry
    Classification System (NAICS).

    The basic source of data on manufactures has been


    the Census of Manufactures conducted by the Bureau
    of the Census, beginning in 1809. A census was taken at
    10-year intervals thereafter until 1899 (with the exception of 1829), at five-year intervals from 1904 to 1919,
    and biennially from 1921 to 1939. It was suspended during World War II but resumed in 1947. Legislation
    enacted in 1948 provided for a Census of Manufactures
    every five years with annual sample surveys for interim
    years. The Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) is
    based on a sample of 55,000 establishments out of an
    approximate total of 200,000. The scope of the census
    has varied from one census to another. From 1849 to
    1899, the minimum size limit of factories was output
    valued at $500 or more. It was raised to $5,000 or more
    for 1929 to 1937. Beginning in 1947, the criterion was
    employment of one or more persons at any time during
    the census year. However, these changes have not
    appreciably affected the historical comparability of the
    census figures except for the data on the number of
    establishments. There have also been numerous changes
    in the definition of manufacturing industries. When the
    changes result in the omission of an entire industry, the
    adjustments are generally carried back through the previous censuses. Furthermore, the treatment of nonproduction workers has not been consistent over the years.
    Personnel in manufacturing industries engaged in distribution and construction have been reported separately
    since 1939, but not before. Officers of corporations are
    included as employees, but not proprietors and partners
    of unincorporated firms, for whom no data have been
    collected since 1963. Another difference concerns value

    added in manufacturing. The standard formula for calculating value added by manufacture since 1958 differs
    from the one used for 1954 and previous years. Before
    1958, value added by an establishment was calculated
    by subtracting the cost of materials, supplies, containers,
    fuels, electrical energy, and contract work from the
    value of shipments. This was known as unadjusted value
    added. Beginning in 1958, the formula was changed to
    adjusted value added which includes two elements: (1)
    value added by merchandising (the difference between
    the sales value and the cost of merchandise sold without
    further manufacture, processing, and assembly); and (2)
    an adjustment in the net change in finished goods and
    work-in-process inventories between the beginning and
    the end of the year. This concept should not be confused with the National Income Originating in
    Manufacturing, which is obtained by subtracting from
    the value of shipments not only the cost of materials,
    but also other costs such as depreciation charges, state
    and local taxes, allowances for bad debts, and purchases
    of services from nonmanufacturing enterprises (engineering and management consultants, advertising, telephone, insurance, royalties, patent fees, and so on). It is
    therefore a net concept of value added in manufacturing and generally exceeds the latter by about a third.

    The value added in manufacturing in 2001 was


    $1.854 trillion, or $165,014 per worker, $82.96 per production worker hour, and $3.13 per dollar of wages.

    The GDP in manufacturing in 2001 was $1.423 trillion, of which durable goods accounted for $813 billion
    and nondurable goods for $610 billion. The largest manufacturing sectors in value were chemicals ($163.5 billion), industrial machinery ($148.2 billion), electronic
    and electric equipment ($143.1 billion), food ($123.7 billion), motor vehicles and equipment ($111.4 billion),
    and fabricated metal products ($100.8 billion).

    In 2001, manufacturing employed 15.880 million


    workers whose total wages amounted to $593.051 billion or $37,347 per worker ($17.96 per hour).

    289

    SECTION 19: MANUFACTURING

    ManufacturesShipments and New Orders: 19702002


    4,000
    Shipments
    New Orders

    3,500

    Dollars (in billions)

    3,000

    2,500

    2,000

    1,500

    1,000

    500

    0
    1970

    1972

    1974

    1976

    1978

    1980

    1982

    1984

    1986

    1988

    1990

    1992

    1994

    1996

    1998

    2000

    2002

    Year

    The most industrialized state is California with


    value of shipments in 2001 totaling $414.762 billion, followed by Texas ($321.361 billion), Ohio ($241.902 billion), Michigan ($209.003 billion), Illinois ($196.449 billion), Pennsylvania ($178.613 billion), and New York
    ($146.455 billion).

    than in 1980 (714 billion). However, consumption per


    person declined from 4,000 in 1980 to 2,000 annually in
    2002.

    11
    Iron and steel were once the bellwethers of
    manufacturing, but they no longer have that role.

    7 Based on 1997 = 100, the national industrial production index was 110.5 in 2002, and the manufacturing

    Nevertheless, the United States is a major producer of


    steel mill products, producing 116.4 million tons in 2001,
    up from 95.5 million tons in 1990.

    index was 111.4. The fastest growing sectors since 1997


    are computers, which jumped to 220.4, and motor vehicles and parts (117.3). Several sectors lost ground,
    including apparel and leather (72.2) and textile and
    product mills (82.5).

    12
    The computer industry, hardly 20 years old, has
    become one of the most dynamic sectors. There are

    Net manufacturing sales in 2002 were $4.221 trillion, net profit was $197 billion, and net profit after
    taxes was $136 billion.

    9 Alcoholic beverage sales have increased from $72.6


    billion in 1990, to $112.3 billion in 2002. During the
    same period, the consumer price index for alcoholic
    beverages increased from 129.3 to 183.6.

    10
    Official anti-smoking campaigns and lawsuits
    against tobacco companies seem to have had an effect
    on cigarette production and consumption. In 2002, cigarette production was significantly lower at 565 billion

    manufacturers that produced 19.647 million computers


    valued at $41.818 billion in 2002. Of these, 12.920 million were personal computers.

    13
    Home electronic equipment sales have
    increased from $43 billion in 1990 to $92 billion in 2001.
    Of these, home office products, such as telephones,
    answering devices, word processors, and fax machines,
    accounted for $34.281 billion.

    14

    Toy industry shipments totaled $30.606 billion,


    of which video games accounted for $10.326 billion,
    dolls accounted for $2.429 billion, and arts and crafts for
    $2.183 billion.

    290

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 19-1. Gross Domestic Product in Manufacturing in Current and Real (1996) Dollars, by Industry,
    19902001
    (Billions of dollars.)
    Industry

    1990

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    CURRENT DOLLARS
    Gross domestic product, total ..........................

    5 803.2

    7 400.5

    7 813.2

    8 318.4

    8 781.5

    9 274.3

    9 824.6

    10 082.2

    Manufacturing ...............................................
    Durable goods .................................................
    Lumber and wood products ..........................
    Furniture and fixtures ..................................
    Stone, clay, and glass products ...................
    Primary metal industries ..............................
    Fabricated metal products ............................
    Industrial machinery .....................................
    Electronic and other electric equipment .......
    Motor vehicles and equipment .....................
    Other transportation equipment ...................
    Instruments and related products ................
    Misc. manufacturing industries .....................

    1 040.6
    586.6
    32.2
    15.6
    25.3
    43.2
    69.4
    118.2
    105.7
    47.3
    60.5
    49.3
    19.8

    1 289.1
    729.8
    42.3
    19.5
    32.4
    53.0
    87.2
    132.8
    146.9
    98.2
    47.7
    47.2
    22.7

    1 316.0
    748.4
    39.9
    20.7
    33.2
    50.8
    93.1
    136.3
    153.2
    92.2
    51.4
    53.7
    23.8

    1 379.6
    791.2
    41.2
    22.7
    37.2
    52.6
    97.6
    143.2
    165.9
    96.5
    55.5
    53.6
    25.2

    1 431.5
    830.7
    41.9
    24.3
    38.7
    53.1
    101.7
    158.6
    159.2
    111.5
    58.4
    57.5
    25.9

    1 481.3
    853.8
    44.1
    25.8
    41.4
    50.5
    106.9
    152.3
    161.2
    119.4
    65.1
    58.2
    28.9

    1 520.3
    886.4
    42.1
    26.1
    40.6
    50.2
    109.6
    173.1
    162.0
    120.4
    66.3
    63.5
    32.5

    1 423.0
    812.8
    39.2
    25.0
    36.7
    45.1
    100.8
    148.2
    143.1
    111.4
    71.4
    61.7
    30.2

    Nondurable goods ............................................


    Food and kindred products .........................
    Tobacco manufactures ................................
    Textile mill products ....................................
    Apparel and other textile products ..............
    Paper and allied products ............................
    Printing and publishing ................................
    Chemicals and allied products ....................
    Petroleum and coal products .......................
    Rubber and misc. plastic products ..............
    Leather and leather products .......................

    454.0
    96.4
    11.9
    22.0
    25.4
    45.0
    73.1
    109.9
    31.7
    33.9
    4.7

    559.2
    121.1
    15.1
    24.8
    27.3
    58.9
    80.8
    150.8
    29.0
    46.1
    5.3

    567.6
    118.7
    14.8
    25.3
    27.0
    55.9
    88.2
    153.6
    30.2
    49.7
    4.2

    588.4
    123.1
    15.4
    25.7
    26.5
    53.8
    91.1
    164.8
    31.4
    52.1
    4.3

    600.8
    121.8
    17.3
    25.8
    26.0
    55.7
    95.6
    164.8
    32.9
    56.8
    4.1

    627.5
    136.6
    19.4
    24.9
    24.7
    56.8
    105.4
    167.3
    30.4
    58.7
    3.4

    633.9
    127.0
    21.2
    23.8
    24.7
    60.2
    106.5
    169.0
    38.5
    59.3
    3.7

    610.2
    123.7
    21.1
    22.1
    23.3
    55.9
    100.2
    163.5
    40.6
    56.6
    3.3

    Gross domestic product, total .........................

    6 707.9

    7 543.8

    7 813.2

    8 159.5

    8 508.9

    8 858.9

    9 191.4

    9 214.5

    Manufacturing ...............................................
    Durable goods .................................................
    Lumber and wood products ..........................
    Furniture and fixtures ..................................
    Stone, clay, and glass products ...................
    Primary metal industries ..............................
    Fabricated metal products ............................
    Industrial machinery .....................................
    Electronic and other electric equipment .......
    Motor vehicles and equipment .....................
    Other transportation equipment ...................
    Instruments and related products ................
    Misc. manufacturing industries .....................

    1 102.3
    585.1
    45.1
    18.1
    29.4
    43.7
    76.1
    93.5
    68.6
    68.7
    75.7
    68.9
    22.8

    1 284.7
    714.9
    41.6
    20.7
    32.8
    49.6
    90.8
    124.7
    128.7
    103.2
    49.4
    52.6
    23.3

    1 316.0
    748.4
    39.9
    20.7
    33.2
    50.8
    93.1
    136.3
    153.2
    92.2
    51.4
    53.7
    23.8

    1 387.3
    813.0
    39.5
    22.1
    36.6
    52.7
    96.2
    158.4
    182.2
    97.1
    54.8
    49.8
    24.8

    1 444.3
    892.9
    40.1
    22.9
    36.6
    54.5
    96.5
    195.8
    210.8
    111.6
    56.7
    49.0
    24.9

    1 513.9
    949.3
    40.9
    23.7
    37.4
    57.0
    97.7
    206.7
    249.2
    115.0
    61.7
    47.6
    27.4

    1 585.4
    1 044.3
    41.8
    24.1
    37.2
    56.1
    102.7
    249.2
    311.8
    117.3
    60.5
    51.0
    31.3

    1 490.3
    990.1
    39.0
    22.4
    33.9
    53.5
    92.3
    222.5
    335.2
    108.5
    62.0
    46.1
    28.5

    Nondurable goods ............................................


    Food and kindred products .........................
    Tobacco manufactures ................................
    Textile mill products ....................................
    Apparel and other textile products ..............
    Paper and allied products ............................
    Printing and publishing ................................
    Chemicals and allied products ....................
    Petroleum and coal products .......................
    Rubber and misc. plastic products ..............
    Leather and leather products .......................

    520.2
    109.5
    14.5
    22.8
    27.3
    52.5
    102.9
    131.1
    22.9
    34.0
    5.2

    570.3
    133.3
    15.7
    26.0
    28.0
    52.2
    89.2
    148.0
    26.9
    47.0
    5.3

    567.6
    118.7
    14.8
    25.3
    27.0
    55.9
    88.2
    153.6
    30.2
    49.7
    4.2

    574.7
    118.1
    13.9
    25.0
    26.5
    58.3
    86.4
    164.2
    25.6
    53.2
    4.2

    555.5
    112.1
    11.9
    24.1
    25.2
    56.2
    85.6
    155.2
    26.4
    55.6
    3.8

    570.8
    120.5
    6.8
    23.0
    22.9
    56.1
    90.4
    160.6
    35.3
    57.6
    3.2

    558.0
    111.2
    6.2
    23.2
    23.3
    53.1
    90.1
    162.8
    29.9
    61.3
    3.6

    518.3
    106.5
    5.0
    20.7
    22.3
    49.7
    80.8
    157.8
    24.6
    57.0
    3.1

    CHAINED (1996) DOLLARS

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    SECTION 19: MANUFACTURING

    291

    Table 19-2Series P 1-12. Manufactures Summary, 18492001


    (Number, hours, dollars.)
    Establishments
    Year
    Total

    Factories, Excluding Hand and


    Neighborhood Industries
    2001 ................................................................

    With 20 or more
    employees

    Production
    workers
    engaged in
    manufacturing 1
    (1,000)

    Man-hours,
    production
    workers
    (mil.)

    Total payroll
    (mil. dol.)

    Value added by
    manufacture 2
    (mil. dol.)

    Capital
    expenditures,
    new
    (mil. dol.)

    End-of-year
    inventories
    (mil. dol.)

    ...

    ...

    11 235

    22 347

    593 051

    1 853 929

    143 652

    441 526

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    362 829
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    370 912
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    119 748
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    118 967
    ...

    11 944
    11 977
    12 190
    12 065
    12 168
    12 253
    11 947
    11 726
    11 641
    11 652

    23 954
    24 210
    24 583
    24 183
    25 011
    25 072
    24 560
    23 845
    23 563
    23 383

    617 211
    601 473
    586 958
    569 809
    560 518
    545 363
    522 566
    504 363
    494 109
    467 040

    1 973 622
    1 954 498
    1 891 266
    1 825 688
    1 749 662
    1 711 442
    1 605 980
    1 483 054
    1 424 700
    1 341 386

    154 479
    150 325
    152 708
    151 511
    139 300
    128 400
    112 000
    103 000
    103 200
    103 000

    470 085
    452 800
    447 651
    433 449
    427 000
    421 000
    397 000
    383 000
    374 000
    380 000

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    358 952
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    348 385
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    120 822
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    117 959
    ...

    12 233
    12 536
    12 439
    12 280
    11 765
    12 174
    12 573
    12 203
    12 401
    13 543

    24 463
    24 934
    24 815
    24 303
    23 178
    23 732
    24 637
    23 612
    23 538
    26 233

    472 622
    463 045
    450 776
    428 480
    402 467
    396 610
    384 922
    354 232
    341 406
    341 320

    1 346 970
    1 325 434
    1 269 313
    1 165 741
    1 035 437
    1 000 142
    983 228
    882 015
    824 118
    837 507

    105 000
    98 700
    81 600
    78 600
    76 400
    83 100
    75 300
    61 900
    75 000
    78 600

    393 000
    381 000
    362 000
    333 000
    311 000
    322 000
    330 000
    308 000
    307 000
    279 000

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    ................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    350 757
    ...
    ...
    ...
    321 000
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    113 843
    ...
    ...
    ...
    114 000
    ...

    13 900
    14 538
    14 229
    13 691
    13 100
    12 600
    14 200
    13 500
    12 900

    26 746
    28 324
    27 677
    26 687
    25 400
    24 100
    28 100
    26 700
    25 300

    316 494
    298 529
    271 541
    242 032
    233 000
    210 000
    193 000
    174 000
    156 000

    773 831
    747 481
    657 412
    585 166
    511 000
    442 000
    404 000
    354 000
    314 000

    70 100
    61 500
    55 200
    47 500
    40 700
    37 300
    27 000
    24 100
    20 900

    262 000
    239 000
    209 000
    188 000
    170 000
    158 000
    125 000
    108 000
    102 000

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    305 680
    ...
    ...
    ...
    306 617
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    107 138
    ...
    ...
    ...
    99 352
    ...
    ...

    13 258
    14 358
    14 041
    13 955
    13 827
    13 076
    12 403
    12 232
    12 127
    11 779

    26 669
    28 600
    28 157
    27 838
    28 103
    26 568
    25 246
    24 509
    24 270
    23 289

    141 886
    142 645
    132 568
    123 481
    117 157
    106 643
    98 685
    93 283
    89 819
    83 677

    300 228
    304 441
    285 059
    261 984
    250 880
    226 940
    206 194
    192 083
    179 071
    164 281

    22 164
    22 291
    20 613
    21 503
    20 236
    16 615
    13 294
    11 370
    10 436
    9 780

    101 285
    98 206
    90 505
    84 406
    77 721
    68 009
    63 211
    59 913
    58 067
    54 744

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    ...
    ...
    299 017
    ...
    ...
    ...
    286 814
    285 000
    267 000
    262 000

    ...
    ...
    95 278
    ...
    ...
    ...
    90 470
    ...
    ...
    ...

    12 210
    12 273
    11 681
    12 839
    13 131
    12 954
    12 372
    13 501
    12 706
    12 509

    24 174
    24 444
    22 679
    25 208
    26 089
    25 898
    24 334
    27 066
    25 618
    25 264

    83 673
    81 204
    73 875
    76 315
    74 015
    69 097
    62 963
    66 493
    59 598
    54 742

    163 999
    161 536
    141 541
    147 838
    144 909
    135 023
    117 032
    121 659
    109 162
    102 086

    10 098
    9 140
    9 544
    12 144
    11 233
    8 233
    8 201
    8 048
    7 883
    7 782

    53 560
    52 552
    49 947
    ...
    ...
    ...
    40 341
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1950 .................................................................
    1949 .................................................................
    1947 .................................................................
    1939 3 ...............................................................
    1937 .................................................................
    1935 .................................................................
    1933 .................................................................
    1931 .................................................................

    260 000
    ...
    240 807
    173 802
    166 794
    167 916
    139 325
    171 450

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    11 779
    11 016
    11 918
    7 808
    8 569
    7 204
    5 788
    6 163

    23 717
    21 770
    24 317
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    46 643
    41 482
    39 696
    412 706
    12 830
    9 565
    56 238
    ...

    89 750
    75 367
    74 291
    24 487
    25 174
    18 553
    14 008
    18 601

    5 041
    5 067
    5 998
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    26 129
    9 632
    9 863
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1929
    1927
    1925
    1923
    1921

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    206 663
    187 629
    183 877
    192 096
    192 059

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    8 370
    7 848
    7 871
    8 194
    6 476

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    14 284
    13 123
    12 958
    12 997
    9 870

    30 591
    26 325
    25 668
    24 570
    17 253

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1919
    1914
    1909
    1904
    1899

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    270 231
    268 436
    264 810
    213 444
    204 754

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    8 465
    6 602
    6 262
    5 182
    4 502

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    12 427
    5 016
    4 106
    2 991
    2 259

    23 842
    9 386
    8 160
    6 019
    4 647

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Factories and Hand and


    Neighborhood Industries
    1899 .................................................................
    1889 .................................................................
    1879 .................................................................
    1869 .................................................................
    1859 .................................................................
    1849 .................................................................

    509 490
    353 864
    253 852
    252 148
    140 433
    123 025

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    5 098
    4 129
    2 733
    2 054
    1 311
    957

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 596
    2 209
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    5 475
    4 102
    1 973
    1 395
    854
    464

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1The Bureau of Labor


    2For 18491933, cost

    Statistics annual averages for employment in manufacturing indicates 1943 as the year of maximum employment, with 15,147,000 production workers.
    of contract work was not subtracted from value of products in calculating value added by manufacture. For 19351953, value added by manufacture represents unadjusted
    value added; beginning 1954, it represents adjusted value, which includes the change during the year in finished goods and work-in-process inventories.
    3Except as noted, figures have been revised by retabulation of returns to exclude data for establishments classified as manufacturing in 1939 but not as nonmanufacturing beginning 1947. Value
    added by manufacture in 1939, prior to revision and on a basis comparable with prior years, was $24.7 billion.
    4Figures revised on basis of estimates rather than by retabulation of 1939 reports. Estimates made as follows: For nonproduction employees, by multiplying the retabulated figure for number of
    production workers by the ratio of all employees to production workers computed from unrevised 1939 data;
    for salaries and wages, by multiplying the retabulated wage figure by the ratio for salaries and wages also derived from the unrevised 1939 data.
    5Excludes data for salaried officers of corporations and their salaries; therefore, not strictly comparable with figures for other years.
    . . . = Not available.

    292

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 19-3Series P 74-92. Value of Manufactures Shipments, Inventories, and Orders, 19472002
    (Billions of dollars, ratio. As of December 31, except shipments are for calendar year.)
    Inventories
    Year

    Total shipments

    Ratio of inventories
    to sales 1

    Total

    Total new orders

    Total unfilled orders

    2002 .................................................................
    2001 .................................................................

    3 892
    3 970

    444
    452

    1.37
    1.42

    3 801
    3 875

    481
    513

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    4 209
    4 032
    3 900
    3 835
    3 597
    3 480
    3 238
    3 020
    2 904
    2 878

    481
    464
    499
    444
    431
    425
    400
    380
    379
    391

    1.35
    1.35
    1.39
    1.37
    1.43
    1.44
    1.44
    1.51
    1.57
    1.65

    4 161
    3 957
    3 808
    3 780
    3 567
    3 427
    3 200
    2 960
    2 635
    2 866

    545
    501
    492
    508
    485
    443
    431
    422
    448
    515

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2 912
    2 840
    2 695
    2 476
    2 336
    2 334
    2 288
    2 071
    1 960
    2 018

    405
    391
    369
    338
    323
    335
    340
    312
    312
    283

    1.65
    1.63
    1.57
    1.59
    1.68
    1.73
    1.73
    1.78
    1.95
    1.69

    2 934
    2 875
    2 739
    2 513
    2 342
    2 348
    2 315
    2 105
    1 946
    2 016

    527
    505
    471
    427
    390
    384
    370
    343
    309
    323

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1 853
    1 727
    1 523
    1 358
    1 186
    1 039
    1 017
    875
    756
    671

    265
    242
    212
    188
    175
    160
    158
    124
    108
    103

    1.72
    1.68
    1.67
    1.66
    1.77
    1.84
    1.86
    1.71
    1.72
    1.83

    1 876
    1 771
    1 580
    1 381
    1 194
    1 022
    1 048
    912
    770
    671

    324
    301
    257
    200
    177
    169
    186
    156
    119
    105

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    634
    642
    603
    558
    538
    492
    448
    421
    400
    371

    102
    98
    91
    85
    78
    68
    63
    60
    58
    55

    1.92
    1.83
    1.80
    1.82
    1.74
    1.66
    1.69
    1.71
    1.75
    1.77

    624
    648
    608
    565
    557
    506
    459
    426
    401
    373

    105
    114
    108
    103
    96
    78
    64
    53
    47
    46

    1960* ................................................................
    1959 .................................................................
    1958 .................................................................
    1957 .................................................................
    1956 .................................................................
    1955 .................................................................
    1954 .................................................................
    1953 .................................................................
    1952 .................................................................
    1951 .................................................................

    371
    363
    327
    345
    333
    318
    280
    298
    271
    260

    54
    53
    50
    52
    51
    45
    42
    44
    42
    39

    1.74
    1.74
    1.83
    1.81
    1.83
    1.71
    1.80
    1.79
    1.84
    1.80

    363
    369
    323
    330
    341
    329
    268
    282
    278
    287

    44
    52
    47
    53
    68
    60
    48
    60
    76
    67

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947

    223
    193
    217
    186

    32
    27
    29
    26

    1.70
    1.65
    1.59
    0.69

    241
    187
    212
    183

    41
    24
    31
    34

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    Note: Before 1992, dollars are on the SIC basis; from 1992 forward, dollars are on the NAICS basis.
    1Ratios

    of average inventories to average monthly sales.


    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    SECTION 19: MANUFACTURING

    293

    Table 19-4Series P 93-106. Manufacturing CorporationsSales, Profits, and Stockholders Equity,


    19472002
    (Billions of dollars.)
    Inventories
    Year

    Net profits

    Sales
    (net)

    Stockholders equity 1
    Before federal income taxes

    After federal income taxes

    2002 .................................................................
    2001 .................................................................

    4 221
    4 295

    197
    83

    136
    36

    1 805
    1 843

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    4 548
    4 149
    3 949
    3 920
    3 758
    3 528
    3 256
    3 015
    2 890
    2 761

    381
    355
    315
    331
    307
    275
    244
    118
    31
    99

    275
    258
    234
    245
    225
    198
    175
    83
    22
    66

    1 823
    1 569
    1 483
    1 463
    1 348
    1 241
    1 110
    1 040
    1 035
    1 064

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    2 811
    2 745
    2 596
    2 378
    2 221
    2 331
    2 335
    2 114
    2 039
    2 145

    158
    188
    215
    173
    129
    137
    166
    133
    108
    159

    110
    135
    154
    116
    83
    88
    108
    86
    71
    101

    1 044
    999
    958
    901
    875
    866
    864
    813
    770
    743

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    1 913
    1 742
    1 496
    1 328
    1 203
    1 065
    1 061
    1 017
    850
    751

    146
    154
    133
    115
    105
    80
    92
    81
    63
    53

    93
    99
    81
    70
    65
    49
    59
    48
    37
    31

    668
    601
    541
    497
    463
    423
    395
    374
    343
    321

    1970 .................................................................
    1969 2 ...............................................................
    1968 .................................................................
    1967 .................................................................
    1966 .................................................................
    1965 .................................................................
    1964 .................................................................
    1963 .................................................................
    1962 .................................................................
    1961 .................................................................

    709
    695
    632
    575
    554
    492
    443
    413
    390
    356

    48
    58
    55
    48
    52
    47
    40
    35
    32
    28

    29
    33
    32
    29
    31
    28
    23
    20
    18
    15

    307
    290
    266
    248
    230
    212
    200
    190
    181
    173

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    346
    338
    305
    320
    307
    278
    249
    266
    250
    245

    28
    30
    23
    28
    30
    29
    21
    24
    23
    27

    15
    16
    13
    15
    16
    15
    11
    11
    11
    12

    165
    157
    147
    141
    132
    120
    113
    108
    104
    98

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    182
    155
    166
    151

    23
    14
    18
    17

    13
    9
    12
    10

    83
    78
    72
    65

    Source: U.S. Council of Economic Advisors. Economic Report of the President, 2004.
    1Average equity for the year, using four end-of-quarter
    2Beginning in 1969, includes newspapers.

    figures.

    294

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 19-5. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers in Manufacturing Industries, by State,
    20012002
    (Dollars.)
    State

    2001

    2002

    United States ...................................................................................

    14.76

    15.29

    Alabama ...........................................................................................
    Alaska ...............................................................................................
    Arizona .............................................................................................
    Arkansas ...........................................................................................
    California ..........................................................................................
    Colorado ...........................................................................................
    Connecticut .......................................................................................
    Delaware ..........................................................................................
    District of Columbia 1 ........................................................................
    Florida ...............................................................................................

    12.76
    11.70
    13.80
    12.90
    14.69
    14.72
    16.42
    16.56
    15.14
    12.68

    13.10
    13.24
    14.16
    13.30
    14.89
    15.85
    17.25
    16.62
    15.39
    13.30

    Georgia .............................................................................................
    Hawaii ...............................................................................................
    Idaho .................................................................................................
    Illinois ................................................................................................
    Indiana ..............................................................................................
    Iowa ..................................................................................................
    Kansas ..............................................................................................
    Kentucky ...........................................................................................
    Louisiana ..........................................................................................
    Maine ................................................................................................

    12.50
    13.18
    13.85
    14.66
    16.42
    14.67
    15.48
    15.44
    16.18
    14.71

    13.39
    13.07
    13.80
    14.99
    17.16
    15.31
    15.98
    15.73
    17.03
    15.55

    Maryland ...........................................................................................
    Massachusetts ..................................................................................
    Michigan ...........................................................................................
    Minnesota .........................................................................................
    Mississippi ........................................................................................
    Missouri ............................................................................................
    Montana ............................................................................................
    Nebraska ..........................................................................................
    Nevada .............................................................................................
    New Hampshire ................................................................................

    14.56
    15.75
    19.45
    14.76
    11.93
    16.11
    14.03
    13.64
    13.79
    13.98

    15.21
    16.25
    20.48
    15.06
    12.32
    16.79
    14.43
    14.05
    14.62
    14.20

    New Jersey .......................................................................................


    New Mexico ......................................................................................
    New York ..........................................................................................
    North Carolina ..................................................................................
    North Dakota ....................................................................................
    Ohio ..................................................................................................
    Oklahoma .........................................................................................
    Oregon ..............................................................................................
    Pennsylvania ....................................................................................
    Rhode Island ....................................................................................

    14.74
    13.27
    16.24
    12.81
    12.77
    16.79
    13.66
    14.74
    14.37
    12.68

    15.20
    13.43
    16.74
    13.18
    13.17
    17.49
    14.12
    15.06
    14.75
    12.75

    South Carolina ..................................................................................


    South Dakota ....................................................................................
    Tennessee ........................................................................................
    Texas ................................................................................................
    Utah ..................................................................................................
    Vermont ............................................................................................
    Virginia ..............................................................................................
    Washington .......................................................................................
    West Virginia ....................................................................................
    Wisconsin .........................................................................................
    Wyoming ...........................................................................................

    13.79
    12.11
    12.88
    14.04
    13.76
    14.18
    14.49
    17.96
    14.80
    15.44
    17.26

    14.00
    12.60
    13.15
    13.93
    14.12
    14.33
    15.25
    18.15
    15.40
    15.86
    17.73

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Washington

    PMSA (primary metropolitan statistical area).

    SECTION 19: MANUFACTURING

    295

    Table 19-6. U.S. Aircraft Shipments, 19802003


    (Number, millions of dollars.)
    Total

    Civil

    Year

    Large transports
    Units

    Military

    General aviation 1

    Helicopters

    Value

    Units
    Units

    Value

    Units

    Value

    Units

    Value

    Value

    2003, preliminary ..............................................


    2002 .................................................................
    2001 .................................................................

    2 925
    3 233
    3 809

    40 535
    48 613
    56 470

    275
    379
    526

    18 300
    26 000
    35 056

    1 895
    2 203
    2 618

    6 415
    7 876
    8 517

    420
    321
    415

    290
    157
    247

    335
    330
    250

    15 530
    14 580
    12 650

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................
    .................................................................

    4 027
    3 849
    3 560
    2 777
    2 235
    2 436
    2 309
    2 585
    2 585
    3 092

    51 664
    58 128
    55 286
    42 614
    36 247
    33 658
    36 568
    41 166
    47 397
    44 657

    485
    620
    559
    374
    269
    256
    309
    408
    567
    589

    31 171
    38 475
    36 880
    25 810
    17 564
    15 263
    18 124
    24 133
    28 750
    26 856

    2 816
    2 525
    2 220
    1 569
    1 130
    1 077
    928
    964
    941
    1 021

    8 558
    7 935
    5 874
    4 674
    3 127
    2 842
    2 357
    2 144
    1 840
    1 968

    493
    345
    363
    346
    278
    292
    308
    258
    324
    571

    270
    200
    252
    231
    193
    194
    185
    113
    142
    211

    233
    359
    418
    488
    558
    811
    764
    955
    753
    911

    11 665
    11 518
    12 280
    11 899
    15 363
    15 359
    15 902
    14 776
    16 665
    15 622

    1990 .................................................................
    1985 .................................................................
    1980 .................................................................

    3 321
    3 610
    14 677

    38 585
    27 269
    18 929

    521
    278
    387

    22 215
    8 448
    9 895

    1 144
    2 029
    11 877

    2 007
    1 431
    2 486

    603
    384
    1 366

    254
    506
    656

    1 053
    919
    1 047

    14 109
    16 884
    5 892

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Excludes

    off-the-shelf military aircraft.

    SECTION

    20

    TRANSPORTATION

    298

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 20

    TRANSPORTATION
    Highlights

    Motor Vehicle Registrations, 19802002


    250

    Number of registrations
    (millions)

    200

    150

    100

    50

    0
    1980

    1982

    1984

    1986

    1988

    1990

    1992

    1994

    1996

    1998

    2000

    2002

    Year

    The first transportation agency in the United


    States, the Office of Road Inquiry, was created in 1894,
    to make inquiries in regard to the systems of road
    management throughout the United States, to make
    investigations in regard to the best methods of roadmaking, to prepare publications on this subject suitable
    for publication. It was succeeded by the Office of
    Public Roads and Rural Engineering in 1916 and by the
    Bureau of Public Roads in 1918 (called Public Roads
    Administration between 1939 and 1949). The Bureau
    was transferred to the Department of Transportation in
    1966 and its functions assigned to the Federal Highways
    Administration. The first survey of highway mileage,
    revenues, and expenditures was made in 1904, followed
    by others in 1909 and 1914.

    In 1912, Congress authorized $500,000 for an


    experimental program of rural post road construction.
    However, it was not until the Federal Aid Road Act of
    1916 that the Federal-State Highway Program was
    established on an ongoing basis. In 1921, Congress
    authorized designation of a system of principal interstate and intercounty roads, limited to 7 percent of the
    rural mileage then existing. The Federal Aid Highway
    Act of 1944 specifically authorized the use of funds for
    highways in urban areas. In addition, the Act provided
    for the designation of a Federal-Aid secondary system
    and a national system of interstate highways. Under
    President Dwight Eisenhower, the Federal-Aid
    Highway Act of 1956 established the goal of a 41,000mile interstate system, which forms the basis of the U.S.

    SECTION 20: TRANSPORTATION

    road transportation system today. In 1995, Congress


    abolished the Federal-Aid Highway System and
    replaced it with the National Highway System (NHS).
    Roads are classified as (1) arterial highways, (2) collector facilities that link arterials and lower systems, and
    (3) local roads.

    The principal sources of highway and motor transport data are the Highway Statistics of the Federal
    Highway Administration, the Transport Statistics of the
    United States published by the Interstate Commerce
    Commission, various surveys and censuses conducted
    by the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the Factbook of the
    U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
    Motor Vehicle Facts and Figures published by the
    Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association, Accident
    Facts published by the National Safety Council, and
    Transportation in America published by the Eno
    Foundation for Transportation.

    The first federal highway was the Great National


    Pike, also known as the Cumberland Road, which was
    built in sections from 1806 to 1840 between
    Cumberland, Maryland, and Vandalia, Illinois. The total
    construction cost was $6.821 million.

    The first hard-surfaced road in what is now the


    United States was built by the Dutch in 1663. It ran for
    100 miles from Pahaquarry Mines in New Jersey to
    Kingston, New York. The first toll road was the Little
    River Turnpike built in 1785 from Alexandria, Virginia,
    to Snickers Gap, a pass through the Blue Ridge
    Mountains leading to the Shenandoah Valley.

    6 Of the total passenger traffic of 2.498 trillion passenger miles in 2001, private automobiles handled 1.938
    trillion passenger miles, air public carriers 488 billion
    passenger miles, buses 42 billion passenger miles, and
    railroads 15 billion-passenger miles. Of the total freight
    traffic of 3.733 trillion ton miles, railroads carried 1.558
    trillion ton miles, trucks 1.051 trillion ton miles, and
    inland waterways 494 billion ton miles.

    In 1997, 11,089,733 tons of commodities were


    shipped in the United States. Of these shipments, trucks
    handled 7,700,675 tons, rail 1,549,817 tons, and inland
    waterways 563,369 tons.

    Transportation accidents and deaths are closely


    monitored by the National Highway Traffic Safety
    Administration. In 2001, there were 6,323,000 motor
    vehicle accidents and 42,100 deaths, 2,987 railroad accidents and 548 deaths, 45 air carrier accidents and 531
    deaths, 1,723 general aviation accidents and 563 deaths.

    299

    There were 7,740 recreational boating accidents in 2000


    and 701 deaths, and in 1995, 14,327 rail rapid transit
    accidents and 51 deaths.

    The total highway mileage in the United States in


    2001 was 3,948,335 miles, of which interstates accounted
    for 46,467 miles, other arterial roads 379,790 miles, collector roads 793,374 miles, local roads 2,719,578 miles,
    urban roads 877,004 miles, and rural roads 3,071,331
    miles. The longest road system is in Texas (300,767
    miles), followed by California (168,771 miles). By pavement condition, 35 percent of the roads are above average, 42 percent are average, and 23 percent are below
    average.

    10
    Highways are generally paid for by issuing
    bonds which are then redeemed by imposing tolls and
    imposts on highway users. In 2000, imposts on highway
    users totaled $132.324 billion, while total highway debt
    outstanding was $96.383 billion.

    11
    In 2001, motor vehicle registrations totaled
    230,428,000 of which automobiles (including taxicabs)
    accounted for 137,633,000 and motorcycles 4,862,000.
    California has the largest number of motor vehicles
    (28.780 million). There were 8,082,000 new car sales in
    2002 (5,854,000 of them domestic) and 9,036,000 new
    truck sales. Foreign car manufacturers have captured
    27.6 percent of the U.S. car market and 11.7 percent of
    the truck market.

    12
    In 2000, 75.7 percent of the 128.3 million workers commuted alone by automobile to work, 12.2 percent carpooled, and only 4.7 percent used public transportation, while 3.3 percent worked at home. The average travel time to work was 25.5 minutes.

    13
    Roadway congestion measured in annual person hours of delay is 47,595 nationwide, costing $900
    million in delay and fuel costs, or $505 per person. The
    worst road congestion is in Los Angeles (791,970
    hours), followed by New York (400,115 hours), Chicago
    (221,300 hours), San Francisco (167,200 hours),
    Washington, D.C. (123,190 hours), and Houston
    (120,945 hours).

    14
    In 2001, there were 12.5 million motor vehicle
    accidents, involving 13.6 million cars, 7.4 million trucks,
    and 119,000 motor cycles. Fatalities numbered 42,100, of
    which 20,200 were vehicle occupants, 4,900 were pedestrians, 3,200 were motorcyclists, and 700 bicyclists.
    Traffic death rates have decreased significantly since
    1972 from 26.2 to 14.8 per 100,000 population, from 44.5
    to 19.0 per 100,000 registered vehicles, from 4.3 to 1.5

    300

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    per 100 million vehicle miles, and from 46.1 to 22.0 per
    100,000 licensed drivers. By state, Louisiana, Montana,
    and South Carolina have the highest fatality rates at 2.3
    per 100 million vehicle miles. In 2001, 21 percent of all
    drivers involved in fatal crashes had blood alcohol concentrations exceeding 0.8 percent. Nearly 15,000 people
    died in alcohol-related accidents.

    15
    The cost of operating an automobile has
    increased from 14.4 cents per mile in 1975 to 50.2 cents

    respectively. In 1982, the ICC adopted a procedure to


    adjust the threshold for inflation on the basis of 1978
    dollars.

    21
    The principal sources of information on railways before 1890 is Poors Manual of Railroads.
    Current data are contained in Railway Age and
    Yearbook of Railroad Facts published by the
    Association of American Railroads.

    per mile in 2002. Of the variable costs, gas and oil cost
    5.9 cents per mile.

    22
    The first interstate railroad was the Petersburg
    Railroad, chartered by a special act of the General

    16
    Environmental regulations and technology have
    combined to reduce substantially the average fuel con-

    Assembly of Virginia in 1830 and by a special act of the


    North Carolina legislature in 1831. It ran for 59 miles
    along the north bank of the Roanoke River from
    Petersburg, Virginia, to Blakeley, North Carolina. The
    first railroad for the commercial transportation of passengers and freight was the Baltimore and Ohio
    Railroad Company, incorporated in 1827.

    sumption of a car and increase the average number of


    miles per gallon. The domestic motor fuel consumption
    in 2001 was 163.0 billion gallons, up from 92.3 billion
    gallons in 1970. The annual average fuel consumption in
    2001 was 73.3 billion gallons for cars, 1.0 billion gallons
    for buses, 35.3 billion gallons per truck, and 53.3 billion
    gallons for vans, pickups, and SUVs. The average miles
    per gallon for cars increased from 13.5 miles in 1970 to
    22.1 miles in 2001.

    17
    In 2001, U.S. cars traveled a total of 1.6 trillion
    miles, buses 7.0 billion miles, trucks 208 billion miles,
    and vans, pickups, and SUVs 938 billion miles. The average annual car mileage is 11,800.

    18
    In 2001, there were 6,000 mass transit systems
    (including 2,264 motor bus systems) carrying 9.653 million people. Buses carried 5.849 billion, heavy rail 2.728
    billion, light rail 336 million, and commuter rail 419 million. There were 12 Class I Intercity motor carriers
    (down from 48 in 1980). Their operating revenue
    declined from $1.397 billion in 1980 to $1.076 billion.

    19
    In 2002, the trucking industry had a fleet of
    212,000 trucks and 958,000 truck-tractors with revenues
    of $157.215 billion.

    20
    Railroad companies reporting to the Interstate
    Commerce Commission (ICC) are divided into four
    groups: (1) regular line-haul; (2) switching and terminal;
    (3) private or circular (because they are reported on
    brief circulars); and (4) unofficial. Data on the last three
    groups are excluded from official statistics. Beginning in
    1911, the ICC also divided regular line-haul railroads
    into Class I, II, and III. Initially, Class I had revenues of
    more than $1 million, Class II had revenues between
    $100,000 and $1 million, and Class III had revenues
    under $100,000. In 1978, the categories were redefined
    with thresholds for Classes I, II, and III raised to $50
    million, $10 to $50 million, and below $10 million

    23

    U.S. railroads have downsized in the last decade,


    resulting in only nine Class I railroads with 162,000
    employees (compared with 23 Class I railroads with
    302,000 employees in 1985). The total rail line mileage
    in 2001 was 119,000 railroad line owned and 204,000
    railroad track owned. Railroads had operating revenues
    of $34.576 billion (of which freight generated $33.533
    billion) and operating expenditures of $29.164 billion,
    leaving a net income of $2.740 billion. AMTRAK carried 23.4 billion passengers and had a revenue of $1.299
    billion.

    24
    The principal sources of information on water
    transportation are Waterborne Commerce of the United
    States issued by the Corps of Engineers of the
    Department of the Army; Merchant Fleets of the World
    issued by the U.S. Maritime Administration; The
    Bulletin issued by the American Bureau of Shipping;
    and World Fleet Statistics issued by Lloyds Register of
    Shipping. Historical statistics on merchant shipping are
    found in a variety of sources, including Merchant
    Marine Statistics, 19241965, Congressional Documents,
    such as Decadence of American Shipping and
    Compulsory Pilotage, 17891882, publications of the
    Maritime Commission, especially Ocean-Going
    Merchant Fleets of Principal Maritime Nations, and the
    censuses of water transportation conducted by the
    Bureau of the Census and its predecessors. The first
    census for 1880 was limited to steam vessels (excluding
    fishing vessels) and those of 1916 and 1926 provided
    data for all vessels over 5 tons. Changes in maritime law
    on admeasurement (a determination or comparison of
    measurements) of gross tonnage have also affected the
    data. Gross tonnage is a measurement of space, not
    weight, in which 100 cubic feet (95 cubic feet before
    1865) equals one ton. Also, an act in 1874 excluded

    SECTION 20: TRANSPORTATION


    canal boats and unrigged tonnage from the totals. Other
    measurements used over the years included duty tonnage (tonnage on which duties were collected), district
    tonnage (reported by district collectors of customs),
    registered tonnage, and net tonnage.

    25
    The United States has six major waterways systems: the Atlantic intracoastal waterway, the Great
    Lakes, the Gulf intercoastal waterway, the Mississippi
    River system, the Columbia River, and the Snake River.
    The Mississippi River with 714.8 million tons accounts
    for more than two-thirds of the total freight carried in
    these systems.

    26
    In 2000, the global merchant fleet consisted of
    28,259 vessels with weights over 1,000 gross tons, of
    which 463 are registered in the United States. Of the
    463 ships, 154 are tankers, and 11 are cruise ships.

    27
    The output of U.S. shipyards has been falling
    since 1970, bringing shipbuilding, one of the oldest
    industrial activities in the United States, to the verge of
    extinction. In 1999, private shipyards employed 99,900
    workers compared with 178,000 in 1980 and had only
    five ships under construction, compared with 69 in 1980.

    28
    Only scattered data on air transportation are
    available for the years before 1926. Regular collection
    of national statistics began with the establishment in
    that year of an Aeronautical Branch in the Department
    of Commerce. The Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 created the Civil Aeronautics Authority, reorganized in 1940
    into two separate entities: The Civil Aeronautics Board
    and the Civil Aeronautics Administration. In 1958, the
    latters functions were transferred to the Federal
    Aviation Agency, which, in turn, was made a part of the
    Department of Transportation and renamed the Federal
    Aviation Administration (FAA). The FAAs annual
    Statistical Handbook of Civil Aviation is the principal
    source of data in this field. Air Transportation data are
    also presented annually in Air Transport Facts and
    Figures, published by the Air Transport Association of
    America. A major development in 1978 was the Airline
    Deregulation Act which encouraged competition among
    airlines and also blurred the distinction between domestic and international operators.

    301

    $106.788 billion and operating expenditures were


    $115.348 billion, leaving a net profit of -$11,285 billion.
    The airline industry employed 601.400 persons, including 67,500 pilots.

    30
    In 2002, Atlantas Hartsfield International
    Airport topped OHare Airport in Chicago as the airport where the most passengers enplaned. In order, the
    cities with top airports in passengers
    enplaned after Atlanta and Chicago are: Dallas/Fort
    Worth, Los Angeles, Denver, Phoenix, Las Vegas,
    Minneapolis, Detroit, Houston, Seattle-Tacoma,
    Orlando, St Louis, San Francisco, Newark, Charlotte,
    New York La Guardia, and Cincinatti.

    31
    There are only two major players in the aircraft
    industry: Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. In 2002,
    Boeing was the larger with 158 orders for civil jet transport aircraft; McDonnell Douglas had 16.

    32
    In 2000, there were 56 aircraft accidents, and 92
    fatalities.
    33
    In 2001, there were 19,306 airports in the
    United States, of which 13,990 were private airports. In
    2000, there were 217,533 active aircraft, of which 7,935
    were owned by air carriers. Of the 612,274 pilots, commercial pilots numbered 120,502. Women make up only
    5.6 percent of all pilots.

    34
    In 2002, U.S. aircraft shipments totaled 2,926
    units worth $40.5 billion. Of these, large transports
    numbered 275, general aviation aircraft 1,895, and helicopters 420.

    35
    The percentage of on-time arrivals and departures in U.S. airports has been steadily improving. The
    national average was 82.7 percent for the former and
    85.5 percent for the latter in the fourth quarter of 2002.
    Denver led in both areas at 89.6 percent and 91.3 percent respectively.

    36
    There were 7,698 complaints against U.S. airlines in 2002. The most common complaints were flight

    29
    The scheduled airline industry covers certificated route air carriers, commercial operators with large

    problems, customer service, baggage, ticketing and


    boarding, and refunds.

    aircraft and commuter airlines. In 2002, these airlines


    had 611.7 billion passengers against an available seatmiles of 892.7 billion miles. There were 9.029 million
    aircraft departures. Total operating revenue was

    37
    In 2001, there were 164,000 miles of pipeline
    valued at $32.148 billion and delivering 7.082 billion
    barrels of crude oil.

    302

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 20-1. Transportation-Related Components of U.S. Gross Domestic Product, 19802001


    (Billions of dollars, percent.)
    Item

    1980

    1985

    1990

    1995

    2000

    2001

    Current Dollars
    Total transportation-related final demand ........................................
    Total gross domestic product (GDP) ...........................................
    Transportation-related final demand as a percent of GDP ...........

    349.4
    2 795.6
    12.5

    495.9
    4 213.0
    11.8

    617.5
    5 803.2
    10.6

    782.0
    7 400.5
    10.6

    1 031.8
    9 824.6
    10.5

    1 046.9
    10 082.2
    10.4

    Personal consumption of transportation ...........................................


    Motor vehicles and parts .............................................................
    Gasoline and oil ............................................................................
    Transportation services ...............................................................

    238.4
    87.0
    86.7
    64.7

    372.9
    175.7
    97.2
    100.0

    455.5
    206.4
    107.3
    141.8

    560.3
    249.3
    113.3
    197.7

    768.8
    336.6
    164.4
    267.8

    794.8
    361.3
    162.1
    271.4

    Gross private domestic investment .................................................


    Transportation structures ..............................................................
    Transportation equipment .............................................................
    Net exports of transportation-related goods and service 1 ...........

    52.1
    3.7
    48.4
    -1.1

    74.0
    4.3
    69.7
    -34.7

    78.7
    3.0
    75.7
    -28.5

    130.5
    4.4
    126.1
    -43.3

    195.0
    5.3
    189.7
    -108.8

    170.8
    5.0
    165.8
    -108.1

    Exports (+) ........................................................................................


    Civilian aircraft, engines, and parts ..............................................
    Automotive vehicles, engines, and parts ......................................
    Passenger fares ...........................................................................
    Other transportation ......................................................................

    45.7
    14.1
    17.4
    2.6
    11.6

    57.5
    13.5
    24.9
    4.4
    14.7

    106.0
    32.2
    36.5
    15.3
    22.0

    132.9
    26.1
    61.8
    18.9
    26.1

    179.4
    48.1
    80.4
    20.8
    30.1

    174.3
    52.6
    75.4
    18.0
    28.3

    Imports (-) ........................................................................................


    Civilian aircraft, engines, and parts ..............................................
    Automotive vehicles, engines, and parts ......................................
    Passenger fares ...........................................................................
    Other transportation ......................................................................

    46.8
    3.1
    28.3
    3.6
    11.8

    92.2
    5.3
    64.9
    6.4
    15.6

    134.5
    10.5
    88.5
    10.5
    25.0

    176.2
    10.7
    123.8
    14.7
    27.0

    288.2
    26.4
    195.9
    24.3
    41.6

    282.4
    31.4
    189.8
    22.4
    38.8

    Government transportation-related purchases .................................


    Federal purchases 2 ....................................................................
    State and local purchases 2 .........................................................
    Defense-related purchases 3 .......................................................
    Total domestic transportation-related final demand 4 ...............
    Total gross domestic demand (GDD) ...................................
    Transportation-related final demand as a percent of GDP ...

    60.0
    7.0
    48.8
    4.2
    350.5
    2 810.5
    12.5

    83.7
    10.0
    67.5
    6.2
    530.6
    4 327.2
    12.3

    111.8
    12.9
    90.1
    8.8
    642.4
    5 874.6
    10.9

    134.5
    16.3
    109.8
    8.4
    825.3
    7 484.7
    11.0

    176.8
    19.4
    148.4
    9.0
    1 140.6
    10 190.1
    11.2

    189.4
    20.9
    159.4
    9.1
    1 155.0
    10 431.0
    11.1

    Chained (1996) Dollars


    Total transportation-related final demand ........................................
    Total gross domestic product (GDP) ...........................................
    Transportation-related final demand as a percent of GDP ...........

    537.7
    4 900.9
    11.0

    643.3
    5 717.1
    11.3

    719.9
    6 707.9
    10.7

    802.8
    7 543.8
    10.6

    977.8
    9 191.4
    10.6

    984.1
    9 214.5
    10.7

    Personal consumption of transportation ...........................................


    Motor vehicles and parts .............................................................
    Gasoline and oil ............................................................................
    Transportation services ...............................................................

    362.3
    142.7
    94.9
    124.7

    494.3
    236.9
    104.8
    152.6

    532.6
    246.1
    113.1
    173.4

    574.6
    253.4
    120.2
    201.0

    727.1
    338.4
    135.7
    253.0

    751.8
    361.9
    138.8
    251.1

    Gross private domestic investment .................................................


    Transportation structures ..............................................................
    Transportation equipment .............................................................
    Net exports of transportation-related goods and service 1 ..........

    84.0
    6.4
    77.6
    -5.0

    99.6
    5.7
    93.9
    -56.1

    91.1
    3.7
    87.4
    -31.3

    132.8
    4.6
    128.2
    -43.1

    191.7
    5.1
    186.6
    -103.2

    168.6
    5.0
    163.6
    -103.5

    Exports (+) ........................................................................................


    Civilian aircraft, engines, and parts ..............................................
    Automotive vehicles, engines, and parts ......................................
    Passenger fares ...........................................................................
    Other transportation ......................................................................

    76.2
    26.9
    28.3
    4.5
    16.5

    76.0
    19.5
    30.5
    7.1
    18.9

    123.7
    40.9
    39.8
    19.1
    23.9

    135.4
    27.2
    62.5
    18.9
    26.8

    169.5
    43.2
    78.5
    19.8
    28.0

    161.8
    44.8
    73.4
    17.0
    26.6

    Imports(-) .........................................................................................
    Civilian aircraft, engines, and parts ..............................................
    Automotive vehicles, engines, and parts ......................................
    Passenger fares ...........................................................................
    Other transportation ......................................................................

    81.2
    6.0
    52.5
    5.5
    17.2

    132.1
    7.7
    95.8
    9.3
    19.3

    155.0
    13.5
    101.6
    12.7
    27.2

    178.5
    11.2
    124.6
    14.9
    27.8

    272.7
    23.9
    192.5
    20.9
    35.4

    265.3
    27.3
    186.7
    17.7
    33.6

    Government transportation-related purchases .................................


    Federal purchases 2 ....................................................................
    State and local purchases 2 .........................................................
    Defense-related purchases 4 ........................................................
    Total domestic transportation-related final demand 4 ...............
    Total gross domestic demand (GDD) ...................................
    Transportation-related final demand as a percent of GDP ...

    96.4
    13.3
    77.3
    5.8
    542.5
    4 890.9
    11.1

    105.5
    13.9
    83.5
    8.1
    699.4
    5 866.2
    11.9

    127.5
    16.1
    101.1
    10.3
    751.2
    6 764.9
    11.1

    138.5
    17.2
    112.6
    8.7
    845.9
    7 621.8
    11.1

    162.2
    19.3
    134.2
    8.7
    1 081.0
    9 561.2
    11.3

    167.2
    20.1
    138.4
    8.7
    1 087.6
    9 600.7
    11.3

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Sum of exports and imports.
    2Federal purchases and state and local purchases are the sum of consumption expenditures and gross investment.
    3Defense-related purchases are the sum of transportation of material and travel.
    4Sum of total personal consumption of transportation, total gross private domestic investment, net exports of transportation-related

    transportation-related purchases.

    goods and services, and total government

    SECTION 20: TRANSPORTATION

    303

    Table 20-2Series Q 1-11. Volume of Domestic Intercity Freight and Passenger Traffic, by Type of
    Transport, 19802001
    (Billions of passenger miles, billions of ton-miles of freight.)
    Volume of passenger traffic
    Year

    Volume of freight traffic

    Passenger
    traffic, total

    Private
    automobiles

    2001, preliminary ........................

    2 498

    1 938

    504

    42

    15

    3 733

    1 051

    1 558

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................

    2 494
    2 424
    2 328
    2 247
    2 182
    2 098
    2 065

    1 911
    1 873
    1 806
    1 740
    1 693
    1 641
    1 625

    530
    502
    476
    464
    447
    415
    398

    38
    35
    32
    31
    29
    28
    28

    15
    14
    14
    13
    13
    14
    14

    3 746
    3 686
    3 591
    3 534
    3 516
    3 407
    3 261

    1 074
    1 059
    1 027
    996
    972
    921
    908

    1 534
    1 499
    1 442
    1 421
    1 426
    1 375
    1 275

    1990 ............................................
    1985 ............................................
    1980 ............................................

    1 847
    1 636
    1 468

    1 452
    1 310
    1 210

    359
    290
    219

    23
    24
    27

    13
    11
    11

    2 896
    2 458
    2 487

    735
    610
    555

    1 091
    895
    932

    Airways

    Buses

    Freight
    traffic, total

    Railroads

    Truck

    Railroads

    Domestic
    water
    transportation

    Oil pipeline

    Air carrier,
    domestic, all
    services

    494

    616

    15

    506
    495
    488
    487
    485
    497
    475

    617
    618
    620
    617
    619
    601
    591

    16
    15
    14
    14
    14
    13
    12

    475
    382
    407

    584
    564
    588

    10
    7
    5

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    Table 20-3. Employment and Earnings in Transportation and Warehousing, by Industry, 19902002
    (Thousands of employees, dollars.)
    2002
    NAICS
    code 1

    Industry

    1990

    1995

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    Number of Employees
    Transportation and warehousing ......................................................
    Air transportation ..............................................................................
    Rail transportation ........................................................................
    Water transportation .....................................................................
    Truck transportation ......................................................................
    Transit and ground .......................................................................
    Pipeline transportation ..................................................................
    Scenic and sightseeing .................................................................
    Support activities ..........................................................................
    Couriers and messengers ............................................................
    Warehousing and storage ................................................................

    48, 49
    481
    482
    483
    484
    485
    486
    487
    488
    491, 2
    493

    3 476
    529
    272
    57
    1 122
    274
    60
    16
    364
    375
    407

    3 838
    511
    233
    51
    1 249
    328
    54
    22
    430
    517
    444

    4 027
    542
    221
    51
    1 308
    350
    50
    25
    473
    546
    462

    4 168
    563
    225
    51
    1 354
    363
    48
    25
    497
    568
    474

    4 300
    586
    229
    52
    1 392
    371
    47
    26
    518
    586
    494

    4 410
    614
    232
    56
    1 406
    372
    46
    28
    537
    605
    514

    4 372
    615
    227
    54
    1 387
    375
    45
    29
    539
    587
    514

    4 205
    559
    218
    52
    1 339
    372
    42
    26
    527
    558
    514

    Average Weekly Earnings 2


    Transportation and warehousing ......................................................
    Air transportation ..........................................................................
    Truck transportation ......................................................................
    Transit and ground .......................................................................
    Pipeline transportation ..................................................................
    Scenic and sightseeing .................................................................
    Support activities ..........................................................................
    Couriers and messengers ............................................................
    Warehousing and storage ............................................................

    48, 49
    481
    484
    485
    486
    487
    488
    491, 2
    493

    472
    497
    490
    316
    610
    289
    437
    236
    405

    513
    485
    554
    356
    751
    303
    491
    343
    463

    543
    478
    592
    374
    775
    305
    515
    395
    498

    547
    482
    610
    385
    793
    322
    525
    380
    516

    548
    457
    626
    391
    806
    340
    530
    382
    536

    562
    496
    635
    400
    826
    360
    549
    384
    558

    563
    536
    604
    400
    860
    372
    578
    390
    565

    581
    560
    627
    423
    936
    361
    616
    398
    572

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1North American Industry Classification
    2For nonsupervisory workers.

    System, 2002.

    304

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 20-4. Transportation Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries, 19802001


    (Number.)
    Type of transport
    Year and casualty

    Motor
    vehicles
    (thousands)

    Air
    Railroad
    Airlines

    Commuter
    air carriers

    On demand
    air carriers

    General
    aviation

    Recreational
    boating

    Pipeline
    Hazardous
    liquid

    Gas

    Waterborne

    Rail Rapid
    Transit

    Hazardous
    materials

    Accidents
    2001 .................................
    2000 .................................
    1995 .................................
    1990 .................................
    1980 .................................

    6 323
    6 394
    6 699
    6 471
    6 216

    2 987
    2 983
    2 459
    2 879
    8 205

    45
    56
    36
    24
    19

    7
    12
    12
    15
    38

    72
    80
    75
    107
    171

    1 723
    1 835
    2 056
    2 241
    3 590

    ...
    7 740
    8 019
    6 411
    5 513

    209
    234
    161
    198
    1 524

    129
    147
    188
    180
    246

    ...
    3 791
    4 298
    3 613
    4 624

    ...
    ...
    14 327
    12 178
    6 789

    17 557
    17 583
    14 742
    8 879
    15 719

    Deaths
    2001 .................................
    2000 .................................
    1995 .................................
    1990 .................................
    1980 .................................

    42.1
    41.9
    41.8
    44.6
    51.1

    548
    512
    567
    599
    584

    531
    92
    168
    39
    1

    13
    5
    9
    6
    37

    60
    71
    52
    51
    105

    563
    593
    735
    767
    1 239

    681
    701
    829
    865
    1 360

    7
    37
    18
    6
    15

    ...
    1
    3
    3
    -

    ...
    32
    51
    85
    206

    ...
    32
    51
    117
    83

    7
    15
    7
    8
    19

    Injuries
    2001 .................................
    2000 .................................
    1995 .................................
    1990 .................................
    1980 .................................

    3 033
    3 189
    3 465
    3 231
    2 848

    9 739
    10 424
    12 546
    22 736
    58 696

    16
    27
    25
    29
    19

    4
    7
    17
    11
    14

    23
    12
    14
    36
    43

    322
    310
    396
    409
    681

    ...
    4 355
    4 141
    3 822
    2 650

    46
    77
    53
    69
    177

    10
    4
    11
    7
    15

    ...
    125
    145
    175
    180

    ...
    ...
    11 238
    10 036
    6 801

    135
    248
    400
    423
    626

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    . . . = Not available.
    - = Quantity zero.

    SECTION 20: TRANSPORTATION

    305

    Table 20-5Series Q 50-63. Mileage of Rural Roads and Municipal Streets, 19212001
    (Mileage.)
    Total mileage
    Year
    Total

    Rural roads

    2001 ..................................................................................................

    3 948

    3 071

    2000 ..................................................................................................
    1999 ..................................................................................................
    1998 1 ...............................................................................................
    1997 ..................................................................................................
    1996 ..................................................................................................
    1995 ..................................................................................................
    1994 ..................................................................................................
    1993 ..................................................................................................
    1992 ..................................................................................................
    1991 ..................................................................................................

    3 936
    3 917
    3 906
    3 946
    3 920
    3 912
    3 907
    3 905
    3 901
    3 884

    3 084
    3 071
    3 065
    3 109
    3 093
    3 093
    3 093
    3 099
    3 116
    3 134

    1990 ..................................................................................................
    1989 ..................................................................................................
    1988 ..................................................................................................
    1987 ..................................................................................................
    1986 ..................................................................................................
    1985 ..................................................................................................
    1984 ..................................................................................................
    1983 ..................................................................................................
    1982 ..................................................................................................
    1981 ..................................................................................................

    3 867
    3 877
    3 871
    3 874
    3 880
    3 862
    3 892
    3 880
    3 866
    3 853

    3 122
    3 123
    3 132
    3 164
    3 178
    3 171
    3 218
    3 217
    3 226
    3 221

    1980 ..................................................................................................
    1979 ..................................................................................................
    1978 ..................................................................................................
    1977 ..................................................................................................
    1976 ..................................................................................................
    1975 ..................................................................................................
    1974 ..................................................................................................
    1973 ..................................................................................................
    1972 ..................................................................................................
    1971 ..................................................................................................

    3 955
    3 918
    3 885
    3 867
    3 857
    3 838
    3 816
    3 807
    3 787
    3 759

    3 331
    3 224
    3 190
    3 180
    3 209
    3 199
    3 178
    3 176
    3 173
    3 166

    1970 ..................................................................................................
    1969 ..................................................................................................
    1968 ..................................................................................................
    1967 ..................................................................................................
    1966 ..................................................................................................
    1965 ..................................................................................................
    1964 ..................................................................................................
    1963 ..................................................................................................
    1962 ..................................................................................................
    1961 ..................................................................................................

    3 730
    3 710
    3 684
    3 705
    3 698
    3 690
    3 644
    3 620
    3 600
    3 573

    3 169
    3 162
    3 152
    3 184
    3 188
    3 009
    3 003
    3 002
    3 005
    2 995

    1960 ..................................................................................................
    1959* ................................................................................................
    1958 ..................................................................................................
    1957 ..................................................................................................
    1956 ..................................................................................................
    1955 ..................................................................................................
    1954 ..................................................................................................
    1953 ..................................................................................................
    1952 ..................................................................................................
    1951 ..................................................................................................

    3 546
    3 511
    3 479
    3 453
    3 430
    3 418
    3 395
    3 366
    3 343
    3 326

    2 989
    2 974
    2 959
    2 952
    2 945
    2 954
    2 941
    2 925
    2 925
    2 925

    1950 ..................................................................................................
    1949 ..................................................................................................
    1948 ..................................................................................................
    1947 ..................................................................................................
    1946 ..................................................................................................
    1945 ..................................................................................................
    1944 ..................................................................................................
    1943 ..................................................................................................
    1942 ..................................................................................................
    1941 ..................................................................................................

    3 313
    3 322
    3 323
    3 326
    3 316
    3 319
    3 311
    3 311
    3 309
    3 309

    2 922
    2 934
    2 929
    2 933
    2 934
    2 939
    2 932
    2 930
    2 925
    2 926

    1940 ..................................................................................................
    1939 ..................................................................................................
    1938 ..................................................................................................
    1937 ..................................................................................................
    1936 ..................................................................................................
    1935 ..................................................................................................
    1934 ..................................................................................................
    1933 ..................................................................................................
    1932 ..................................................................................................
    1931 ..................................................................................................

    3 287
    3 274
    3 257
    3 245
    3 267
    3 310
    3 309
    3 286
    3 296
    3 291

    2 920
    2 913
    2 898
    2 894
    2 920
    3 032
    3 034
    3 029
    3 040
    3 036

    1930 ..................................................................................................
    1929 ..................................................................................................
    1928 ..................................................................................................
    1927 ..................................................................................................
    1926 ..................................................................................................
    1925 ..................................................................................................
    1924 ..................................................................................................
    1923 ..................................................................................................
    1922 ..................................................................................................
    1921 ..................................................................................................

    3 259
    3 272
    3 262
    3 257
    3 242
    3 246
    3 243
    3 233
    3 196
    3 160

    3 009
    3 024
    3 016
    3 013
    3 000
    3 006
    3 004
    2 996
    2 960
    2 925

    Source: U.S. Department of Transportation. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. National Transportation Statistics 2003.
    Note: Includes the 50 states and the District of Columbia. When states did not submit reports, data were estimated by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.
    1Beginning

    in 1998, approximately 43,000 miles of Bureau of Land Management roads are excluded.
    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    306

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 20-6Series Q 136-147. Public Highway DebtState and Local Governments, 19702001
    (Dollars in millions.)
    Debt issued

    Debt outstanding 1

    Debt redeemed

    Year
    Total

    2001 ......................................................

    State

    Local 2

    Total

    State

    Local 2

    Total

    State

    Local 2

    ...

    11 012

    ...

    ...

    4 660

    ...

    ...

    66 256

    ...

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    14 513
    12 822
    16 412
    12 347
    9 728
    11 305
    10 833
    14 178
    12 988
    9 516

    9 067
    9 554
    9 789
    8 174
    6 653
    4 718
    5 739
    10 035
    9 460
    6 252

    5 446
    3 268
    6 623
    4 173
    3 075
    6 587
    5 094
    4 143
    3 528
    3 264

    8 623
    5 808
    11 735
    7 043
    6 380
    5 634
    6 178
    11 554
    7 809
    6 142

    3 897
    3 609
    6 466
    4 228
    4 161
    2 939
    3 698
    8 813
    5 532
    4 356

    4 726
    2 199
    5 269
    2 815
    2 219
    2 695
    2 480
    2 741
    2 277
    1 786

    96 383
    89 778
    82 599
    77 501
    72 197
    68 733
    63 062
    58 373
    53 539
    48 316

    61 434
    55 646
    49 182
    45 666
    41 720
    39 228
    37 449
    35 408
    34 186
    30 258

    34 949
    34 132
    33 417
    31 835
    30 477
    29 505
    25 613
    22 965
    19 353
    18 058

    1990
    1985
    1980
    1970

    .....................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    5 708
    8 194
    2 381
    1 892

    3 147
    5 397
    1 160
    1 306

    2 561
    2 797
    1 221
    586

    3 120
    5 294
    1 987
    1 270

    1 648
    3 835
    1 114
    800

    1 472
    1 459
    873
    470

    46 586
    32 690
    27 616
    19 124

    28 362
    21 277
    20 210
    14 020

    18 224
    11 413
    7 406
    5 133

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1End-of-year.
    2Local data estimated.

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 20: TRANSPORTATION

    307

    Table 20-7Series Q 148-162. Motor Vehicle Sales from U.S. Factories, Motor Vehicle Registrations, and
    Motor Fuel Usage Consumption, 19002001
    (Number in thousands, millions of gallons.)
    Motor-vehicle factory sales
    (thousands)

    Motor-vehicle registration
    (thousands)

    Motor-fuel consumption
    (millions of gallons)

    Year
    Number of passenger
    cars

    Number of motor trucks


    and buses 1

    2001 ......................................................

    4 884

    6 224

    230 428

    137 633

    163 047

    73 261

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    5 504
    5 428
    5 677
    6 070
    6 140
    6 310
    6 549
    5 962
    5 685
    5 407

    7 022
    6 699
    6 435
    6 153
    5 776
    5 713
    5 640
    4 895
    4 062
    3 388

    221 475
    216 309
    211 617
    207 754
    206 365
    201 530
    198 045
    194 063
    190 362
    188 136

    133 621
    132 432
    131 839
    129 749
    129 728
    128 387
    127 883
    127 327
    126 581
    128 300

    162 554
    161 411
    155 379
    150 386
    147 365
    143 834
    140 839
    137 262
    132 888
    128 563

    73 065
    73 283
    71 695
    69 892
    69 221
    68 072
    67 874
    67 048
    65 436
    64 317

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6 050
    6 807
    7 105
    7 085
    7 516
    8 002
    7 621
    6 739
    5 049
    6 255

    3 725
    4 062
    4 121
    3 821
    3 393
    3 464
    3 075
    2 414
    1 906
    1 701

    188 798
    187 261
    184 397
    179 044
    176 191
    171 654
    166 200
    163 900
    159 600
    158 300

    133 700
    143 081
    141 252
    137 324
    135 431
    127 885
    128 100
    126 200
    123 700
    123 100

    130 755
    131 900
    130 100
    127 500
    121 301
    121 300
    118 700
    116 100
    113 400
    114 500

    69 568
    73 900
    73 300
    73 300
    73 200
    71 518
    70 600
    70 300
    69 100
    69 100

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6 400
    8 419
    9 165
    9 201
    8 500
    6 713
    7 331
    9 658
    8 824
    8 585

    1 667
    3 037
    3 706
    3 441
    2 979
    2 272
    2 727
    2 980
    2 447
    2 053

    155 796
    151 900
    148 400
    142 100
    138 500
    132 900
    129 900
    125 700
    118 800
    113 000

    121 601
    118 500
    116 600
    112 300
    110 200
    106 706
    104 800
    102 000
    97 100
    92 700

    115 000
    122 100
    125 100
    119 600
    115 700
    109 000
    106 300
    110 500
    105 100
    97 600

    69 982
    77 300
    81 700
    80 400
    79 700
    74 140
    75 100
    78 700
    73 500
    69 500

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6 547
    8 224
    8 822
    7 437
    8 598
    9 306
    7 752
    7 638
    6 933
    5 543

    1 692
    1 923
    1 896
    1 539
    1 731
    1 752
    1 540
    1 463
    1 240
    1 134

    108 407
    105 096
    100 884
    96 931
    93 962
    90 358
    86 301
    82 714
    79 173
    75 958

    89 244
    86 861
    83 592
    80 414
    78 123
    75 258
    71 983
    69 055
    66 108
    63 417

    96 331
    92 240
    87 154
    81 911
    78 979
    75 312
    72 097
    68 760
    66 101
    64 534

    67 819
    63 395
    59 456
    56 020
    54 208
    49 723
    48 431
    46 084
    44 608
    42 863

    1960 ......................................................
    1959* .....................................................
    1958 ......................................................
    1957 ......................................................
    1956 ......................................................
    1955 ......................................................
    1954 ......................................................
    1953 ......................................................
    1952 ......................................................
    1951 ......................................................

    6 675
    5 591
    4 258
    6 113
    5 816
    7 920
    5 559
    6 117
    4 321
    5 338

    1 194
    1 137
    877
    1 107
    1 104
    1 249
    1 042
    1 206
    1 218
    1 427

    73 869
    71 354
    68 296
    67 125
    65 148
    62 689
    58 505
    56 217
    53 262
    51 913

    61 671
    59 454
    56 890
    55 918
    54 211
    52 145
    48 468
    46
    43 823
    42 688

    63 210
    61 715
    58 589
    56 954
    55 149
    52 565
    49 118
    47 381
    45 037
    42 473

    41 171
    40 879
    38 904
    37 594
    36 128
    34 319
    31 670
    30 384
    28 735
    26 910

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6 666
    5 119
    3 909
    3 558
    2 149
    70
    0.6
    0.1
    223
    3 780

    1 337
    1 134
    1 376
    1 239
    941
    656
    738
    700
    819
    1 061

    49 162
    44 690
    41 086
    37 841
    34 373
    31 035
    30 479
    30 888
    33 004
    34 894

    40 339
    36 458
    33 355
    30 849
    28 217
    25 797
    25 566
    36 009
    27 973
    29 624

    39 860
    36 440
    34 329
    31 680
    28 876
    22 046
    19 292
    18 642
    22 438
    26 429

    25 037
    23 645
    22 149
    20 864
    19 502
    14 023
    11 805
    11 424
    214 974
    18 502

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    3 717
    2 888
    2 020
    3 929
    3 679
    3 274
    2 161
    1 560
    1 104
    1 948

    755
    700
    489
    891
    782
    697
    576
    329
    228
    432

    32 453
    31 010
    29 814
    30 059
    28 507
    26 546
    25 262
    24 159
    24 391
    26 094

    27 466
    26 226
    25 250
    25 467
    24 183
    22 258
    21 545
    20 657
    20 901
    22 396

    24 038
    22 571
    21 311
    21 115
    19 561
    17 637
    16 557
    15 367
    15 427
    16 621

    16 759
    15 826
    15 069
    15 018
    14 026
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1A substantial portion of the number of trucks and buses


    2Beginning 1942, includes travel by military vehicles.

    consists of chassis only.

    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.


    . . . = Not available.

    Total

    Automobiles

    Total

    Passenger vehicles

    308

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 20-7Series Q 148-162. Motor Vehicle Sales from U.S. Factories, Motor Vehicle Registrations, and
    Motor Fuel Usage Consumption, 19002001Continued
    (Number in thousands, millions of gallons.)
    Motor-vehicle factory sales
    (thousands)

    Motor-vehicle registration
    (thousands)

    Motor-fuel consumption
    (millions of gallons)

    Year
    Number of passenger
    cars

    Number of motor trucks


    and buses 1

    Total

    Automobiles

    Total

    Passenger vehicles

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 787
    4 455
    3 775
    2 936
    3 692
    3 735
    3 186
    3 625
    2 274
    1 468

    575
    882
    583
    465
    609
    531
    417
    409
    270
    148

    26 750
    26 705
    24 689
    23 303
    22 200
    20 068
    17 613
    15 102
    12 274
    10 494

    23 035
    23 121
    21 362
    20 193
    19 268
    17 481
    15 436
    13 253
    10 704
    9 212

    15 777
    15 051
    13 090
    11 936
    10 552
    9 143
    7 809
    6 313
    5 014
    4 064

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 906
    1 652
    943
    1 746
    1 526
    896
    548
    462
    356
    199

    322
    225
    227
    128
    92
    74
    25
    24
    22
    11

    9 239
    7 577
    6 160
    5 118
    3 618
    2 491
    1 763
    1 258
    944
    640

    8 132
    6 679
    5 555
    4 727
    3 368
    2 332
    1 664
    1 190
    902
    619

    3 448
    2 747
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    181
    124
    64
    43
    33
    24
    22
    11
    9
    7

    6
    3
    1.5
    1.0
    0.8
    0.7
    0.7
    ...
    ...
    ...

    468
    312
    198
    143
    108
    79
    55
    33
    23
    15

    548
    306
    194
    140
    106
    77
    54
    33
    23
    15

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1900 ......................................................

    ...

    ...

    ...

    Source: U.S. Department of Transportation. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. National Transportation Statistics 2003.
    1A

    substantial portion of the number of trucks and buses consists of chassis only.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 20: TRANSPORTATION

    309

    Table 20-8Series Q 199-207. Miles of Travel by Motor Vehicles, 19212001


    (Million vehicle-miles.)
    Year

    Total travel, all motor


    vehicles

    Average miles per vehicle


    Passenger cars

    Trucks and combinations


    Passenger cars

    Trucks alone

    2001 ......................................................

    2 781 462

    1 619 422

    207 686

    11 800

    26 400

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 746 925
    2 691 056
    2 631 522
    2 561 695
    2 485 848
    2 422 696
    2 357 588
    2 296 378
    2 247 151
    2 172 050

    1 600 287
    1 569 100
    1 549 577
    1 502 556
    1 469 854
    1 438 294
    1 406 089
    1 374 709
    1 371 569
    1 358 185

    205 520
    202 688
    196 380
    191 477
    182 971
    178 156
    170 216
    159 888
    153 384
    149 543

    12 000
    11 800
    11 700
    11 600
    11 300
    11 200
    11 000
    10 800
    10 800
    10 600

    25 600
    26 000
    25 400
    27 000
    26 100
    26 500
    25 800
    26 300
    25 400
    24 200

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 144 362
    2 096 000
    2 025 000
    1 921 000
    1 834 000
    1 774 000
    1 720 000
    1 653 000
    1 592 000
    1 556 000

    1 408 266
    1 412 000
    1 380 000
    1 325 000
    1 780 000
    1 246 798
    1 236 000
    1 204 000
    1 172 000
    1 144 000

    146 242
    679 000
    639 000
    591 000
    551 000
    514 000
    480 000
    444 000
    417 000
    408 000

    10 500
    10 200
    10 000
    9 700
    9 500
    9 800
    9 200
    9 100
    9 100
    8 900

    23 600
    22 900
    22 500
    23 300
    22 100
    20 600
    22 600
    21 100
    19 900
    19 000

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 527 000
    1 529 000
    1 548 000
    1 477 000
    1 412 000
    1 330 000
    1 286 000
    1 309 000
    1 268 000
    1 186 300

    1 111 596
    1 122 000
    1 154 000
    1 116 000
    1 084 000
    1 033 950
    1 013 000
    1 051 000
    1 026 000
    970 000

    399 000
    401 000
    385 000
    346 000
    312 000
    282 000
    262 000
    256 000
    229 000
    204 000

    9 100
    9 100
    9 500
    9 500
    9 400
    9 700
    9 200
    9 900
    10 200
    10 100

    18 700
    18 500
    18 000
    16 700
    15 400
    15 200
    15 000
    15 400
    14 800
    14 100

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 120 705
    1 070 575
    1 015 649
    961 553
    930 497
    887 640
    846 500
    805 423
    766 852
    737 535

    916 700
    885 000
    850 000
    811 000
    777 000
    723 000
    696 000
    662 000
    627 000
    604 000

    185 000
    172 000
    161 000
    149 000
    143 000
    160 000
    146 000
    139 000
    135 000
    129 000

    10 300
    9 900
    9 900
    9 800
    9 700
    9 600
    9 700
    9 600
    9 500
    9 500

    13 600
    13 500
    12 400
    12 800
    12 500
    10 900
    10 400
    10 400
    10 600
    10 500

    1960 ......................................................
    1959* .....................................................
    1958 ......................................................
    1957 ......................................................
    1956 ......................................................
    1955 ......................................................
    1954 ......................................................
    1953 ......................................................
    1952 ......................................................
    1951 ......................................................

    718 845
    700 478
    664 653
    647 004
    631 161
    605 646
    561 963
    544 433
    513 581
    491 093

    587 000
    572 000
    540 000
    523 000
    515 000
    493 000
    453 000
    435 000
    410 000
    392 000

    127 000
    12 500
    120 000
    118 000
    112 000
    109 000
    105 000
    105 000
    99 000
    95 000

    9 500
    9 600
    9 500
    9 300
    9 500
    9 400
    9 300
    9 400
    9 400
    9 200

    10 700
    10 700
    10 800
    10 800
    10 500
    10 600
    10 700
    11 000
    10 800
    10 500

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    458 246
    424 461
    397 957
    370 894
    340 880
    250 173
    212 713
    208 192
    268 224
    333 612

    365 000
    342 000
    319 000
    301 000
    281 000
    200 000
    167 000
    162 000
    218 000
    276 000

    89 000
    78 000
    74 000
    66 000
    56 000
    46 000
    42 000
    43 000
    47 000
    55 000

    9 100
    9 400
    9 600
    9 800
    10 000
    7 800
    6 500
    6 200
    7 800
    9 300

    10 300
    9 700
    9 900
    9 600
    9 300
    9 100
    8 900
    9 000
    9 500
    10 600

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    302 188
    285 402
    271 177
    270 110
    252 128
    228 568
    215 563
    200 642
    200 517
    216 151

    250 000
    236 000
    224 000
    224 000
    209 000
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    50 000
    47 000
    45 000
    44 000
    41 000
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    9 100
    9 000
    8 900
    8 800
    8 600
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    10 200
    10 100
    10 000
    9 800
    9 600
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    206 320
    197 720
    172 856
    158 453
    140 735
    122 346
    104 838
    84 995
    67 697
    55 027

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Department of Transportation. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. National Transportation Statistics 2003.
    Note: Passenger cars exclude vans, pick-ups, and SUVs, which are included along with trucks and combinations.
    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
    . . . = Not available.

    310

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 20-9Series Q 208-223. Motor Vehicle Deaths and Death Rates, 19132001
    (Rate per 100,000 population.)
    Year

    Rate 1

    Number

    2001 ............................................................................

    42 900

    14.8

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    43 000
    43 000
    43 500
    43 500
    43 300
    43 400
    42 500
    41 900
    43 500
    46 800

    14.9
    15.3
    15.4
    15.7
    15.8
    15.9
    15.6
    15.6
    15.4
    16.5

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    46 800
    47 100
    49 100
    48 300
    47 900
    45 900
    46 200
    44 600
    46 000
    51 400

    17.9
    18.4
    19.2
    19.1
    19.1
    18.4
    18.7
    18.2
    19.0
    21.5

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    53 200
    53 500
    52 400
    49 500
    47 000
    45 900
    46 400
    55 500
    56 300
    54 000

    22.5
    22.8
    22.7
    22.1
    21.2
    20.7
    21.4
    25.8
    26.2
    26.5

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    54 633
    55 791
    55 200
    52 924
    53 041
    49 163
    47 700
    43 564
    40 804
    38 091

    25.3
    27.6
    28.8
    27.8
    28.3
    26.5
    26.1
    24.3
    23.1
    22.0

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    38 137
    37 910
    36 981
    38 702
    39 628
    38 426
    35 586
    37 955
    37 794
    36 996

    22.4
    22.7
    22.5
    24.1
    25.1
    24.6
    23.0
    24.9
    25.0
    24.6

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    34 763
    31 701
    32 259
    32 697
    33 411
    28 076
    24 282
    23 823

    23.3
    21.5
    22.3
    23.0
    24.0
    21.4
    18.3
    17.7

    33 549
    36 313
    30 900
    21 700
    12 500
    6 700

    25.5
    29.3
    26.4
    19.6
    12.3
    7.0

    19381942 avg.
    19331937 avg.
    19281932 avg.
    19231927 avg.
    19181922 avg.
    19131917 avg.

    ..........................................................
    ..........................................................
    ..........................................................
    ..........................................................
    ..........................................................
    ..........................................................

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Based

    on populations standardized for age (base 1940) to remove influence of changes in age distribution.

    SECTION 20: TRANSPORTATION

    311

    Table 20-10Series Q 224-232. Motor Vehicle AccidentsNumber and Deaths, by Type of Accident,
    19132001
    (Number, rate.)
    Traffic deaths 1
    Year

    Total motor
    vehicle accidents
    (thousands)

    Traffic death rates


    Collision accidents

    Total

    Non-collision
    accidents

    With other motor


    vehicles

    With pedestrians With fixed objects

    Per 10,000 motor


    vehicles

    Per 100 million


    vehicle miles

    2001 ......................................................

    12 500

    42 900

    5 100

    18 400

    5 800

    12 300

    1.9

    1.5

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    13 400
    11 400
    12 700
    13 800
    11 200
    10 700
    11 200
    11 900
    10 000
    11 300

    43 000
    43 000
    43 500
    43 500
    43 300
    43 400
    42 500
    41 900
    41 000
    43 500

    4 600
    4 300
    4 200
    4 400
    4 500
    4 400
    4 400
    4 200
    4 100
    4 700

    20 600
    18 800
    18 500
    19 900
    19 500
    19 000
    18 900
    18 300
    17 600
    18 200

    5 300
    5 800
    5 900
    5 900
    5 800
    6 400
    6 300
    6 400
    6 300
    6 600

    11 200
    11 100
    12 000
    12 000
    12 300
    12 100
    11 500
    11 500
    11 700
    12 600

    1.9
    2.0
    2.0
    2.1
    2.1
    2.1
    2.1
    2.1
    2.1
    2.2

    1.5
    1.6
    1.6
    1.6
    1.7
    1.7
    1.7
    1.7
    1.7
    1.9

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    11 500
    12 800
    20 600
    20 800
    17 700
    19 300
    18 800
    18 300
    18 100
    18 000

    46 800
    47 100
    49 100
    48 300
    47 900
    45 900
    46 200
    44 600
    46 000
    51 400

    4 900
    5 000
    5 300
    5 200
    13 100
    12 600
    12 600
    12 200
    12 600
    14 200

    19 900
    20 000
    20 900
    20 700
    20 800
    19 900
    20 300
    19 200
    19 800
    22 200

    7 300
    7 600
    7 700
    7 500
    8 900
    8 500
    8 600
    8 200
    8 400
    9 400

    13 100
    12 600
    13 400
    13 200
    3 300
    3 200
    3 000
    3 100
    3 200
    3 600

    2.4
    2.3
    2.5
    2.5
    2.5
    2.6
    2.8
    2.7
    2.9
    3.4

    2.1
    2.2
    2.3
    2.4
    2.5
    2.5
    2.6
    2.6
    2.8
    3.2

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    17 900
    18 100
    18 300
    17 600
    16 800
    16 500
    15 600
    16 600
    17 000
    16 400

    53 200
    53 500
    52 400
    49 500
    47 000
    45 900
    46 400
    55 500
    56 300
    54 000

    14 700
    15 200
    14 500
    13 700
    13 000
    12 700
    12 800
    15 600
    15 800
    13 700

    23 000
    22 200
    22 400
    20 200
    20 100
    19 500
    19 700
    23 600
    23 900
    23 300

    9 700
    9 700
    9 600
    9 100
    8 600
    8 400
    8 500
    10 200
    10 300
    10 600

    3 700
    3 500
    3 600
    3 400
    3 200
    3 100
    3 100
    3 800
    3 900
    7 100

    3.5
    3.5
    3.5
    3.4
    3.4
    3.4
    3.6
    4.4
    4.4
    4.8

    3.3
    3.3
    3.3
    3.3
    3.3
    3.4
    3.5
    4.1
    4.3
    4.7

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    16 000
    15 500
    14 600
    13 700
    13 600
    13 200
    12 300
    11 500
    11 000
    10 400

    54 633
    55 791
    54 862
    52 924
    53 041
    49 163
    47 700
    43 564
    40 804
    38 091

    400
    15 700
    17 400
    16 700
    16 300
    14 900
    14 600
    13 800
    12 900
    12 200

    23 200
    23 700
    22 400
    22 000
    22 200
    20 800
    19 600
    17 600
    16 400
    14 700

    9 900
    10 100
    9 900
    9 400
    9 400
    8 900
    9 000
    8 200
    7 900
    7 650

    800
    3 900
    2 700
    2 350
    2 500
    2 200
    2 100
    1 900
    1 750
    1 700

    4.9
    5.2
    5.3
    5.4
    5.5
    5.4
    5.5
    5.2
    5.1
    5.0

    4.9
    5.2
    5.4
    5.5
    5.7
    5.5
    5.6
    5.4
    5.3
    5.2

    1960 ......................................................
    1959* .....................................................
    1958 ......................................................
    1957 ......................................................
    1956 ......................................................
    1955 ......................................................
    1954 ......................................................
    1953 ......................................................
    1952 ......................................................
    1951 ......................................................

    10 400
    10 200
    10 000
    10 200
    10 300
    9 900
    9 550
    9 900
    9 500
    9 400

    38 137
    37 910
    36 981
    38 702
    39 628
    38 426
    35 586
    37 955
    37 794
    36 996

    11 900
    11 800
    11 600
    11 800
    13 000
    12 100
    11 500
    12 200
    11 900
    11 200

    14 800
    14 900
    14 200
    15 400
    15 200
    14 500
    12 800
    13 400
    13 500
    13 100

    7 850
    7 850
    7 650
    7 850
    7 900
    8 200
    8 000
    8 750
    8 900
    9 150

    1 700
    1 600
    1 650
    1 700
    1 600
    1 600
    1 500
    1 500
    1 450
    1 400

    5.1
    5.3
    5.4
    5.7
    6.1
    6.1
    6.1
    6.7
    7.1
    7.1

    5.3
    5.4
    5.6
    6.0
    6.3
    6.3
    6.3
    7.0
    7.4
    7.5

    215

    23

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    8 300
    7 600
    8 200
    8 400
    6 150
    5 500
    4 800
    4 400
    5 200
    7 000

    34 763
    31 701
    32 259
    32 697
    33 411
    28 076
    24 282
    23 823
    28 309
    39 969

    10 600
    9 100
    8 950
    8 800
    8 900
    6 600
    5 600
    5 690
    6 740
    9 450

    11 650
    10 500
    10 200
    9 900
    9 400
    7 150
    5 700
    5 300
    7 300
    12 500

    9 000
    8 800
    9 950
    10 450
    11 600
    11 000
    9 900
    9 900
    10 650
    13 550

    1 300
    1 100
    1 000
    1 000
    950
    800
    700
    700
    850
    1 350

    7.1
    7.1
    7.9
    8.6
    9.7
    9.1
    8.0
    7.7
    8.6
    11.5

    7.6
    7.5
    8.1
    8.8
    9.8
    11.2
    11.4
    11.4
    10.6
    12.0

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6 100
    5 700
    5 800
    7 000
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    34 501
    32 386
    32 582
    39 643
    38 089
    36 369
    36 101
    31 363
    29 500
    33 700

    7 800
    7 900
    7 350
    9 690
    9 410
    9 720
    9 820
    8 680
    7 000
    7 850

    10 100
    8 700
    8 900
    10 320
    9 500
    8 750
    8 110
    6 470
    6 070
    6 820

    12 700
    12 400
    12 850
    15 500
    15 250
    14 350
    14 480
    12 840
    11 490
    13 370

    1 100
    1 000
    940
    1 160
    1 060
    1 010
    1 040
    900
    800
    870

    10.6
    10.4
    10.9
    13.2
    13.4
    13.7
    14.3
    13.0
    12.2
    13.0

    11.4
    11.4
    12.0
    14.7
    15.1
    15.9
    16.8
    15.6
    16.1
    17.0

    1Totals may not equal sums of various types because totals for most types are estimated, and these
    2Data based on improved reporting procedure; therefore not entirely comparable with other years.

    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.


    . . . = Not available.

    have been rounded.

    312

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 20-10Series Q 224-232. Motor Vehicle AccidentsNumber and Deaths, by Type of Accident,
    19132001Continued
    (Number, rate.)
    Traffic deaths 1
    Year

    Total motor
    vehicle accidents
    (thousands)

    Traffic death rates


    Collision accidents

    Total

    Non-collision
    accidents

    With other motor


    vehicles

    With pedestrians With fixed objects

    Per 10,000 motor


    vehicles

    Per 100 million


    vehicle miles

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    32 900
    31 200
    28 000
    25 800
    23 400
    21 900
    19 400
    18 400
    15 300
    13 900

    8 730
    8 430
    7 360
    7 280
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    5 880
    5 400
    4 310
    3 430
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    12 900
    12 250
    11 420
    10 820
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    720
    620
    540
    500
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    12.4
    11.8
    11.4
    11.2
    10.6
    11.0
    11.0
    12.2
    ...
    ...

    17.4
    17.3
    17.4
    17.7
    18.0
    17.9
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    12 500
    11 200
    10 700
    10 200
    8 200
    6 600
    4 700
    4 200

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Totals

    may not equal sums of various types because totals for most types are estimated, and these have been rounded.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 20: TRANSPORTATION

    313

    Table 20-11. Domestic Motor Fuel Consumption, by Type of Vehicle, 19702001


    (Billions of gallons, miles per gallon.)
    Average fuel consumption
    (billions of gallons)
    Year

    Average
    annual
    percent
    change 2

    All vehicles 1

    Cars 1

    Average miles per gallon

    Vans,
    pickups,
    SUVS

    Buses 3

    Trucks 4

    All vehicles 1

    Cars 1

    Buses 3

    Vans,
    pickups,
    SUVS

    Trucks 4

    2001 ............................................

    163.0

    0.3

    73.3

    1.0

    53.3

    35.3

    17.1

    22.1

    6.9

    17.6

    5.9

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................
    1992 ............................................
    1991 ............................................

    162.5
    161.4
    155.4
    150.4
    147.4
    143.8
    140.8
    137.3
    132.9
    128.6

    0.7
    3.9
    3.3
    2.0
    2.5
    2.1
    2.5
    3.3
    3.3
    -1.7

    73.1
    73.2
    71.7
    69.9
    69.2
    68.1
    68.1
    67.2
    65.6
    64.5

    1.1
    1.1
    1.1
    1.0
    1.0
    1.0
    1.0
    0.9
    0.9
    0.9

    52.9
    52.8
    50.5
    49.4
    47.4
    45.6
    44.1
    42.9
    40.9
    38.2

    35.2
    33.9
    32.0
    29.9
    29.6
    29.0
    27.7
    26.2
    25.5
    25.0

    16.9
    16.7
    16.9
    17.0
    16.9
    16.8
    16.7
    16.7
    16.9
    16.9

    21.9
    21.4
    21.6
    21.5
    21.2
    21.1
    20.8
    20.6
    21.0
    21.2

    6.8
    6.7
    6.7
    6.7
    6.6
    6.6
    6.6
    6.6
    6.6
    6.7

    17.4
    17.0
    17.2
    17.2
    17.2
    17.3
    17.3
    17.4
    17.3
    17.0

    5.8
    6.0
    6.1
    6.4
    6.2
    6.1
    6.1
    6.1
    6.0
    6.0

    1990 ............................................
    1989 ............................................
    1988 ............................................
    1987 ............................................
    1986 ............................................
    1985 ............................................
    1984 ............................................
    1983 ............................................
    1982 ............................................
    1981 ............................................

    130.8
    131.9
    130.1
    127.5
    125.2
    121.3
    118.7
    116.1
    113.4
    114.5

    -0.8
    1.4
    2.0
    1.8
    3.2
    2.2
    2.2
    2.4
    -1.0
    -0.4

    69.8
    74.1
    73.5
    73.5
    73.4
    71.7
    70.8
    70.5
    69.3
    69.3

    0.9
    0.9
    0.9
    0.9
    0.9
    0.8
    0.8
    0.9
    1.0
    1.1

    35.6
    33.3
    32.7
    30.6
    29.1
    27.4
    25.6
    23.9
    22.7
    23.7

    24.5
    23.5
    22.9
    22.5
    21.9
    21.4
    21.4
    20.8
    20.4
    20.4

    16.4
    15.9
    15.6
    15.1
    14.7
    14.6
    14.5
    14.2
    14.1
    13.6

    20.3
    18.0
    18.8
    18.0
    17.4
    17.5
    17.4
    17.1
    16.9
    16.5

    6.4
    6.0
    5.8
    5.8
    5.3
    5.4
    5.7
    5.9
    5.9
    5.9

    16.1
    16.1
    15.4
    14.9
    14.6
    14.3
    14.0
    13.7
    13.5
    12.5

    6.0
    6.1
    6.0
    5.9
    5.8
    5.8
    5.7
    5.6
    5.5
    5.3

    1980 ............................................
    1975 ............................................
    1970 ............................................

    115.0
    109.0
    92.3

    -5.9
    2.5
    4.8

    70.2
    74.3
    67.8

    1.0
    1.1
    0.8

    23.8
    19.1
    12.3

    20.0
    14.6
    11.3

    13.3
    12.2
    12.0

    16.0
    14.0
    13.5

    6.0
    5.8
    5.5

    12.2
    10.5
    10.0

    5.4
    5.6
    5.5

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Motorcycles included in cars through
    2Change from immediate prior year.
    3Includes school buses.
    4Includes combinations.

    1994; thereafter in total, not shown separately.

    Table 20-12. Average Cost of Owning and Operating an Automobile 1, 19752002


    (Dollars, percent.)
    Average total cost per mile (current cents)
    Year
    Total cost

    Gas and oil

    Gas and oil as a


    percent of total
    cost

    Average total cost per 15,000 miles (current dollars)

    Maintenance

    Tires

    Total cost

    Variable cost

    Fixed cost 2

    2002 ............................................
    2001 ............................................

    50.2
    51.0

    5.9
    7.9

    11.8
    15.5

    4.1
    3.9

    1.8
    1.8

    7 533
    7 654

    1 770
    2 040

    5 764
    5 614

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................
    1992 ............................................
    1991 ............................................

    49.1
    47.0
    46.1
    44.8
    42.6
    41.2
    39.4
    38.7
    38.8
    37.3

    6.9
    5.6
    6.2
    6.6
    5.6
    5.8
    5.6
    5.9
    5.9
    6.6

    14.1
    11.9
    13.4
    14.7
    13.1
    14.1
    14.2
    15.2
    15.2
    17.7

    3.6
    3.3
    3.1
    2.8
    2.8
    2.6
    2.5
    2.4
    2.2
    2.2

    1.7
    1.7
    1.4
    1.4
    1.2
    1.2
    1.0
    0.9
    0.9
    0.9

    7 363
    7 050
    6 908
    6 723
    6 389
    6 185
    5 916
    5 804
    5 824
    5 601

    1 829
    1 590
    1 605
    1 620
    1 440
    1 440
    1 365
    1 380
    1 350
    1 455

    5 534
    5 460
    5 303
    5 103
    4 949
    4 745
    4 551
    4 424
    4 474
    4 146

    1990 ............................................
    1985 ............................................
    1980 ............................................
    1975 ............................................

    33.0
    23.2
    21.2
    14.4

    5.4
    5.6
    5.9
    4.8

    16.4
    24.0
    27.9
    33.4

    2.1
    1.2
    1.1
    1.0

    0.9
    0.7
    0.6
    0.7

    4 954
    3 484
    3 176
    2 154

    1 260
    1 113
    1 143
    968

    3 694
    2 371
    2 033
    1 186

    Source: U.S. Department of Transportation. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. National Transportation Statistics 2003.
    1All figures reflect the average cost of operating a vehicle 15,000 miles per year in stop and go conditions.
    2Fixed costs (ownership costs) include insurance, license, registration, taxes, depreciation, and finance charges.

    314

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 20-13. Motor Vehicle Sales and Inventories, 19672002


    Retail sales of new passenger cars
    Year

    Thousands of units, not seasonally adjusted


    Total

    Domestic

    Imports

    Retail inventories of new domestic passenger cars


    (thousands of units, end of period)

    Millions of units, seasonally adjusted annual rate


    Total

    Domestic

    Not seasonally
    adjusted

    Imports

    Seasonally
    adjusted

    Inventory to
    sales ratio

    2002 ..................................
    2001 ..................................

    8 102
    8 422

    5 871
    6 323

    2 231
    2 099

    8.1
    8.5

    5.9
    6.4

    2.2
    2.1

    1 148
    956

    1 168
    918

    2.3
    2.1

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................

    8 852
    8 697
    8 142
    8 273
    8 527
    8 636
    8 990
    8 518
    8 214
    8 175

    6 833
    6 982
    6 764
    6 906
    7 254
    7 129
    7 255
    6 734
    6 277
    6 137

    2 019
    1 715
    1 378
    1 366
    1 273
    1 507
    1 735
    1 784
    1 938
    2 038

    8.9
    8.7
    8.1
    8.3
    8.5
    8.7
    9.0
    8.5
    8.2
    8.2

    6.8
    7.0
    6.8
    6.9
    7.3
    7.2
    7.3
    6.7
    6.3
    6.1

    2.0
    1.7
    1.4
    1.4
    1.3
    1.5
    1.7
    1.8
    1.9
    2.0

    1 377
    1 368
    1 324
    1 330
    1 363
    1 619
    1 437
    1 365
    1 276
    1 283

    1 341
    1 332
    1 288
    1 264
    1 354
    1 582
    1 449
    1 378
    1 288
    1 296

    2.6
    2.2
    2.1
    2.3
    2.3
    2.5
    2.3
    2.4
    2.3
    2.6

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................

    9 300
    9 777
    10 546
    10 171
    11 406
    10 978
    10 390
    9 179
    7 979
    8 534

    6 897
    7 078
    7 539
    7 081
    8 215
    8 205
    7 952
    6 793
    5 758
    6 209

    2 403
    2 699
    3 006
    3 090
    3 191
    2 774
    2 439
    2 386
    2 221
    2 326

    9.3
    9.8
    10.5
    10.2
    11.4
    11.0
    10.4
    9.2
    8.0
    8.5

    6.9
    7.1
    7.5
    7.1
    8.2
    8.2
    8.0
    6.8
    5.8
    6.2

    2.4
    2.7
    3.0
    3.1
    3.2
    2.8
    2.4
    2.4
    2.2
    2.3

    1 408
    1 669
    1 601
    1 680
    1 499
    1 630
    1 415
    1 352
    1 126
    1 471

    1 418
    1 687
    1 601
    1 716
    1 515
    1 619
    1 411
    1 350
    1 127
    1 495

    2.6
    3.1
    2.3
    2.8
    2.0
    2.5
    2.1
    2.0
    2.2
    3.6

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................

    8 982
    10 559
    11 164
    11 046
    9 994
    8 538
    8 774
    11 350
    10 873
    10 228

    6 581
    8 230
    9 164
    8 971
    8 492
    6 951
    7 362
    9 589
    9 253
    8 662

    2 400
    2 329
    2 000
    2 075
    1 502
    1 587
    1 412
    1 762
    1 621
    1 566

    9.0
    10.6
    11.2
    11.0
    10.0
    8.5
    8.8
    11.4
    10.9
    10.2

    6.6
    8.2
    9.2
    9.0
    8.5
    7.0
    7.4
    9.6
    9.3
    8.7

    2.4
    2.3
    2.0
    2.1
    1.5
    1.6
    1.4
    1.8
    1.6
    1.6

    1 448
    1 691
    1 729
    1 731
    1 465
    1 419
    1 672
    1 600
    1 311
    ...

    1 440
    1 667
    1 731
    1 743
    1 494
    1 468
    1 730
    1 654
    1 379
    ...

    2.6
    2.4
    2.3
    2.3
    1.9
    2.2
    3.4
    2.5
    1.7
    ...

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967

    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................
    ..................................

    8 403
    9 582
    9 655
    8 347

    7 119
    8 464
    8 625
    7 568

    1 283
    1 117
    1 030
    779

    8.4
    9.6
    9.7
    8.3

    7.1
    8.5
    8.6
    7.6

    1.3
    1.1
    1.0
    0.8

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 20: TRANSPORTATION

    315

    Table 20-13. Motor Vehicle Sales and Inventories, 19672002Continued


    Retail sales of new trucks and buses
    Thousands of units, not seasonally adjusted

    Unit sales of cars and light trucks


    (millions of units, seasonally adjusted
    annual rate)

    Millions of units, seasonally adjusted annual rate

    Year and month


    010,000 pounds
    Total
    Domestic

    Imports

    10,001
    pounds and
    over

    010,000 pounds
    Total
    Domestic

    Imports

    10,001
    pounds and
    over

    Total

    Domestic

    Imports

    2002 .....................................
    2001 .....................................

    9 035.4
    9 050.1

    7 572.1
    7 629.4

    1 060.9
    977.8

    402.4
    442.9

    9.0
    9.0

    7.6
    7.6

    1.1
    1.0

    0.4
    0.4

    16.7
    17.0

    13.4
    13.9

    3.3
    3.1

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................

    8 964.8
    8 717.1
    7 821.6
    7 225.8
    6 929.3
    6 481.4
    6 422.4
    5 681.1
    4 903.3
    4 365.8

    7 545.5
    7 309.6
    6 651.0
    6 225.7
    6 087.6
    5 662.7
    5 638.0
    4 980.9
    4 232.7
    3 594.8

    840.8
    762.8
    646.2
    571.2
    430.9
    390.5
    396.3
    364.5
    395.9
    528.8

    578.5
    644.7
    524.4
    428.9
    410.8
    428.2
    388.1
    335.7
    274.7
    242.2

    9.0
    8.7
    7.8
    7.2
    6.9
    6.5
    6.4
    5.7
    4.9
    4.4

    7.5
    7.3
    6.6
    6.2
    6.1
    5.7
    5.6
    5.0
    4.2
    3.6

    0.8
    0.8
    0.6
    0.6
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.5

    0.6
    0.6
    0.5
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.3
    0.3
    0.2

    17.2
    16.8
    15.4
    15.1
    15.0
    14.8
    15.0
    13.9
    12.8
    12.3

    14.4
    14.3
    13.4
    13.1
    13.3
    12.9
    12.9
    11.7
    10.5
    9.7

    2.9
    2.5
    2.0
    1.9
    1.7
    1.9
    2.1
    2.1
    2.3
    2.6

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................

    4 848.4
    5 067.8
    5 242.4
    5 000.6
    4 912.1
    4 741.7
    4 093.1
    3 117.3
    2 562.8
    2 255.6

    3 947.4
    4 107.0
    4 195.8
    3 786.1
    3 671.4
    3 618.4
    3 207.2
    2 465.2
    1 967.5
    1 581.7

    602.7
    630.3
    697.9
    912.2
    967.2
    828.3
    607.7
    463.3
    410.4
    447.6

    298.3
    330.5
    348.7
    302.3
    273.5
    295.0
    278.2
    188.8
    184.9
    226.3

    4.9
    5.1
    5.2
    5.0
    4.9
    4.8
    4.1
    3.1
    2.6
    2.3

    4.0
    4.1
    4.2
    3.8
    3.7
    3.6
    3.2
    2.5
    2.0
    1.6

    0.6
    0.6
    0.7
    0.9
    1.0
    0.8
    0.6
    0.5
    0.4
    0.4

    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2

    13.9
    14.5
    15.4
    14.9
    16.1
    15.4
    14.2
    12.1
    10.4
    10.6

    10.8
    11.2
    11.7
    10.9
    11.9
    11.8
    11.2
    9.3
    7.7
    7.8

    3.0
    3.3
    3.7
    4.0
    4.2
    3.6
    3.0
    2.8
    2.6
    2.8

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................

    2 487.4
    3 589.7
    4 256.8
    3 813.0
    3 300.5
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 731.1
    2 730.2
    3 481.1
    3 112.8
    2 738.3
    2 052.6
    2 180.1
    2 509.4
    2 122.5
    1 693.0

    484.6
    469.4
    335.9
    323.1
    237.5
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    271.7
    390.1
    439.8
    377.1
    324.7
    298.3
    423.9
    495.7
    437.4
    338.9

    2.5
    3.6
    4.2
    3.8
    3.3
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1.7
    2.7
    3.5
    3.1
    2.7
    2.1
    2.2
    2.5
    2.1
    1.7

    0.5
    0.5
    0.3
    0.3
    0.2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    0.3
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.3
    0.3
    0.4
    0.5
    0.4
    0.3

    11.2
    13.8
    15.0
    14.5
    13.0
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    8.3
    11.0
    12.6
    12.1
    11.2
    9.0
    9.5
    12.1
    11.4
    10.4

    2.9
    2.8
    2.3
    2.4
    1.7
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967

    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 408.5
    1 551.1
    1 464.2
    1 193.8

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    337.3
    384.5
    343.3
    329.7

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1.4
    1.6
    1.5
    1.2

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    0.3
    0.4
    0.3
    0.3

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    8.5
    10.0
    10.1
    8.8

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Bureau of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.


    . . . = Not available.

    316

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 20-14. Motor Vehicle Travel, by Type of Vehicle and by Speed, 19702001
    (Vehicle-miles, average miles and speed, percent.)
    Vehicle-miles of travel
    (billions)
    Year
    Total 1

    Cars 1

    Buses 2

    Average mile per vehicle


    (thousands)

    Vans,
    pickups,
    SUVs

    Trucks 3

    Total 1

    Cars 1

    Buses 2

    Motor vehicle speed on rural highways

    Vans,
    pickups,
    SUVs

    Trucks 3

    Citations Average
    recorded
    speed
    (thou(miles per
    sands) 4
    hour)

    Percent of vehicles exceeding


    55 mph

    60 mph

    65 mph

    2001 ....................

    2 782

    1 619

    7.0

    938

    208

    11.8

    11.8

    9.3

    11.1

    26.4

    ...

    ...

    ...

    ...

    ...

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    2 747
    2 691
    2 632
    2 562
    2 486
    2 423
    2 358
    2 296
    2 247
    2 172

    1 600
    1 569
    1 550
    1 503
    1 470
    1 438
    1 416
    1 385
    1 381
    1 367

    7.6
    7.7
    7.0
    6.8
    6.6
    6.4
    6.4
    6.1
    5.8
    5.8

    923
    901
    868
    851
    817
    790
    765
    746
    707
    649

    206
    203
    196
    191
    183
    178
    170
    160
    153
    150

    12.2
    12.2
    12.2
    12.1
    11.8
    11.8
    11.7
    11.6
    11.6
    11.3

    11.9
    11.9
    11.8
    11.6
    11.3
    11.2
    10.8
    10.5
    10.6
    10.3

    10.2
    10.5
    9.8
    9.8
    9.4
    9.4
    9.6
    9.4
    9.0
    9.1

    11.7
    12.0
    12.2
    12.1
    11.8
    12.0
    12.2
    12.4
    12.4
    12.2

    25.7
    26.0
    25.4
    27.0
    26.1
    26.5
    25.8
    26.3
    25.4
    24.2

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    6 433
    7 004
    7 594

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    60.8
    61.2
    59.9

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    78
    81
    76

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    51
    56
    48

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    24
    28
    21

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    2 144
    2 096
    2 026
    1 921
    1 835
    1 775
    1 720
    1 653
    1 595
    1 555

    1 418
    1 412
    1 380
    1 325
    1 280
    1 256
    1 236
    1 204
    1 172
    1 144

    5.7
    5.7
    5.5
    5.3
    4.7
    4.5
    4.6
    5.2
    5.8
    6.2

    575
    536
    502
    457
    424
    391
    358
    328
    306
    296

    146
    143
    138
    134
    127
    124
    122
    116
    111
    109

    11.1
    10.9
    10.7
    10.5
    10.1
    10.0
    10.0
    9.8
    9.6
    9.5

    10.3
    10.2
    10.0
    9.7
    9.5
    9.4
    9.2
    9.1
    9.1
    8.9

    9.1
    9.1
    8.9
    8.9
    7.9
    7.5
    8.0
    8.9
    10.4
    11.5

    11.9
    11.7
    11.5
    11.1
    10.8
    10.5
    11.2
    10.5
    10.3
    10.2

    23.6
    22.9
    22.5
    23.3
    22.1
    20.6
    22.6
    21.1
    19.9
    19.0

    7 511
    7 488
    7 566
    7 992
    8 549
    8 449
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    60.4
    60.1
    59.5
    59.7
    59.7
    59.5
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    78
    77
    74
    74
    76
    75
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    50
    49
    46
    46
    46
    44
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    23
    22
    19
    19
    18
    17
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1980 ....................
    1975 ....................
    1970 ....................

    1 527
    1 328
    1 110

    1 122
    1 040
    920

    6.1
    6.1
    4.5

    291
    201
    123

    108
    81
    62

    9.5
    9.6
    10.0

    8.8
    9.3
    10.0

    11.5
    13.1
    12.0

    10.4
    9.8
    8.7

    18.7
    15.2
    13.6

    667
    ...
    200

    57.5
    ...
    63.8

    66
    ...
    87

    25
    ...
    69

    7
    ...
    44

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Motorcycles included in cars through 1994;
    2Includes school buses.
    3Includes combinations.
    4Citations issued for 55 mph violations

    thereafter in total, not shown separately.

    . . . = Not available.

    Table 20-15. Class I Intercity Motor Carriers of Passengers, 19902001


    (Number, dollars.)

    Year

    Number of
    intercity
    carriers 1

    Operating revenue
    (millions of dollars)
    Number

    Intercity
    regular route

    Operating
    expenses
    (millions of
    dollars)

    Other

    Operating
    income
    (millions of
    dollars)

    Revenue passengers
    (millions)
    Intercity
    regular route
    passengers

    Total

    Other
    passengers

    Average fare,
    intercity
    regular route
    (dollars)

    2001 ............................................

    12

    1 076

    917

    158

    1 039

    36

    32

    30

    30.27

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................

    12
    14
    15
    17
    17
    20
    20
    21

    1 088
    1 014
    999
    1 000
    912
    917
    870
    928

    920
    864
    860
    834
    771
    767
    718
    747

    168
    150
    139
    165
    141
    150
    152
    182

    1 035
    1 014
    947
    948
    878
    899
    919
    880

    53
    0.2
    52
    52
    33
    18
    -48
    48

    33
    43
    47
    52
    37
    43
    41
    40

    31
    33
    37
    41
    34
    38
    36
    35

    2
    10
    10
    12
    4
    5
    4
    5

    29.46
    26.16
    23.14
    20.57
    22.85
    20.10
    19.77
    21.32

    1990 ............................................

    21

    943

    739

    204

    1 026

    -83

    44

    37

    20.22

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Excludes

    carriers preponderantly in local or suburban service and carriers engaged in transportation of both property and passengers.

    SECTION 20: TRANSPORTATION

    317

    Table 20-16Series Q 235-250. Public Transit Equipment, Passengers, and Passenger Revenue, 19222000
    (Number, dollars.)
    Equipment owned December 31
    Year
    Heavy rail

    Trolley buses

    Motor buses

    Total revenue and


    nonrevenue
    passengers
    (millions)

    Passenger
    revenue (millions
    of dollars)

    Employees
    (thousands)

    Employee payroll
    (millions of
    dollars)

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    10 591
    10 306
    10 301
    10 242
    10 201
    10 157
    10 138
    10 261
    10 245
    10 331

    951
    859
    880
    859
    871
    885
    877
    851
    907
    752

    75 013
    74 228
    72 142
    72 770
    71 678
    67 107
    68 123
    64 850
    63 080
    60 377

    9 363
    9 168
    8 750
    8 374
    7 948
    7 763
    7 949
    ...
    ...
    ...

    8 746
    8 282
    7 970
    7 546
    7 416
    6 816
    6 756
    6 351
    6 152
    6 037

    346
    338
    328
    321
    315
    300
    294
    299
    279
    276

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    7 932
    7 671
    7 395

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    10 419
    10 506
    10 539
    10 168
    10 386
    9 326
    9 083
    9 943
    9 867
    9 801

    832
    725
    710
    671
    680
    676
    664
    686
    763
    751

    58 714
    58 919
    62 572
    63 017
    66 218
    64 285
    67 294
    62 093
    62 114
    60 393

    8 799
    8 931
    8 666
    8 735
    8 777
    8 636
    8 829
    7 889
    7 741
    7 964

    5 912
    5 420
    5 225
    5 114
    5 113
    4 575
    4 448
    3 172
    3 077
    2 701

    262
    272
    276
    277
    278
    270
    263
    195
    194
    193

    7 325
    6 898
    6 675
    6 324
    6 119
    5 843
    5 488
    3 921
    3 731
    3 494

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    9 641
    9 522
    9 567
    9 639
    9 714
    9 608
    9 403
    9 387
    9 423
    9 325

    823
    725
    593
    645
    685
    703
    718
    794
    1 030
    1 037

    59 411
    54 490
    52 866
    51 968
    52 382
    50 811
    48 700
    48 286
    49 075
    49 150

    8 567
    8 130
    7 616
    7 286
    7 081
    6 972
    6 935
    6 660
    6 567
    6 847

    2 556
    2 436
    2 271
    2 280
    2 161
    1 861
    1 940
    1 798
    1 729
    1 741

    189
    178
    165
    163
    163
    160
    153
    141
    138
    139

    3 281
    3 025
    2 741
    2 547
    2 404
    2 236
    1 967
    1 624
    1 455
    1 393

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    10 600
    10 665
    10 745
    10 645
    10 680
    10 664
    10 614
    10 634
    11 084
    11 419

    1 050
    1 082
    1 185
    1 244
    1 326
    1 453
    1 865
    2 155
    3 161
    3 593

    49 700
    49 600
    50 000
    50 180
    50 130
    49 600
    49 200
    49 400
    48 800
    49 000

    7 332
    7 803
    8 019
    8 172
    8 083
    8 253
    8 328
    8 400
    8 695
    8 883

    1 639
    1 555
    1 470
    1 457
    1 385
    1 340
    1 326
    1 316
    1 330
    1 321

    138
    141
    144
    146
    144
    145
    145
    147
    149
    152

    1 274
    1 184
    1 110
    1 055
    995
    964
    917
    892
    878
    856

    1960 ............................................................................
    1959* ...........................................................................
    1958 ............................................................................
    1957 ............................................................................
    1956 ............................................................................
    1955 ............................................................................
    1954 ............................................................................
    1953 ............................................................................
    1952 ............................................................................
    1951 ............................................................................

    11 866
    11 983
    12 201
    12 759
    13 225
    14 532
    15 600
    17 234
    19 176
    20 604

    3 826
    4 297
    4 848
    5 412
    5 748
    6 157
    6 598
    6 941
    7 180
    7 071

    49 600
    49 500
    50 100
    50 800
    51 400
    52 400
    54 000
    54 700
    55 980
    57 660

    9 395
    9 557
    9 732
    10 389
    10 941
    11 529
    12 392
    13 902
    15 119
    16 125

    1 335
    1 308
    1 282
    1 320
    1 351
    1 359
    1 410
    1 449
    1 438
    1 412

    156
    159
    165
    177
    186
    198
    211
    220
    227
    232

    857
    832
    831
    840
    852
    864
    895
    913
    903
    872

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    22 986
    24 728
    26 280
    30 158
    33 479
    36 377
    37 199
    37 505
    37 508
    37 670

    6 504
    6 366
    5 687
    4 707
    3 916
    3 711
    3 561
    3 501
    3 385
    3 029

    56 820
    57 035
    58 540
    56 917
    52 450
    49 670
    48 400
    47 100
    46 000
    39 300

    17 246
    19 008
    21 368
    22 540
    23 372
    23 254
    23 017
    22 000
    18 000
    14 085

    1 387
    1 420
    1 417
    1 324
    1 332
    1 314
    1 297
    1 236
    979
    759

    240
    253
    261
    266
    261
    242
    242
    239
    219
    205

    835
    841
    829
    790
    713
    632
    599
    554
    462
    386

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    37 662
    40 372
    42 605
    45 312
    48 103
    50 466
    54 118
    58 124
    ...
    ...

    2 802
    2 184
    2 032
    1 655
    1 136
    578
    441
    310
    ...
    ...

    35 000
    32 600
    28 500
    27 500
    23 900
    23 800
    18 700
    17 200
    ...
    ...

    13 098
    12 837
    12 645
    13 246
    13 146
    12 226
    12 038
    11 327
    12 025
    13 924

    702
    682
    663
    690
    686
    642
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    203
    202
    202
    209
    206
    204
    204
    201
    ...
    ...

    360
    352
    344
    348
    328
    311
    303
    287
    ...
    ...

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    15 567
    16 985
    16 989
    17 201
    17 234
    16 651
    16 301
    16 311
    15 735

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Department of Transportation. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. National Transportation Statistics 2002.
    . . . = Not available.
    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    318

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 20-17Series Q 577-590. U.S. Scheduled Airline Industry, 19262002


    (Number, gallons, and miles per hour.)

    Year

    Number of
    operators

    Aircraft in
    service 1

    Persons
    employed

    Revenue
    passengers
    Revenue
    carried,
    miles flown
    (thousands) unduplicated 2
    (thousands)

    Revenue
    passengermiles flown
    (millions)

    Ton-miles flown
    Express and
    Mail
    freight
    (thousands)
    (thousands)

    Fuel
    consumed 3
    (millions of
    gallons)

    Average
    available
    seats

    Average
    speed
    (mph)

    2002 ............................................
    2001 ............................................

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    601 400
    672 000

    ...
    ...

    611 700
    622 100

    639 600
    651 700

    23 160 000
    20 119 000

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................
    1992 ............................................
    1991 ............................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    680 000
    646 400
    621 100
    586 500
    564 400
    547 000
    539 800
    537 100
    540 400
    533 600

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    666 200
    636 000
    612 900
    594 700
    581 200
    547 800
    528 800
    488 500
    475 100
    452 300

    692 800
    652 000
    618 100
    603 400
    578 800
    540 700
    519 400
    489 700
    478 600
    448 000

    21 443 000
    19 317 000
    18 131 000
    17 959 000
    15 301 000
    14 578 000
    13 792 000
    11 944 000
    11 130 000
    10 225 000

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1990 ............................................
    1989 ............................................
    1988 ............................................
    1987 ............................................
    1986 ............................................
    1985 ............................................
    1984 ............................................
    1983 ............................................
    1982 ............................................
    1981 ............................................

    60
    62
    66
    68
    74
    86
    87
    84
    98
    98

    4 665
    4 477
    4 439
    4 231
    3 799
    2 860
    2 692
    2 618
    2 468
    2 523

    545 000
    507 000
    481 000
    457 000
    422 000
    355 000
    345 000
    329 000
    330 000
    350 000

    4 491 000
    4 193 000
    4 141 000
    3 988 000
    3 725 000
    3 320 000
    3 133 000
    2 809 000
    2 699 000
    2 703 000

    466 000
    454 000
    455 000
    448 000
    419 000
    382 000
    345 000
    319 000
    294 000
    286 000

    457 900
    432 700
    423 300
    404 500
    366 500
    336 400
    305 100
    281 800
    259 600
    248 800

    10 600 000
    10 275 000
    9 632 000
    8 260 000
    7 344 000
    6 020 000
    6 566 000
    6 092 000
    5 482 000
    5 686 000

    2 004 000
    1 911 000
    1 837 000
    1 758 000
    1 081 000
    1 659 000
    1 618 000
    1 480 000
    1 404 000
    1 374 000

    16 252
    15 624
    15 094
    14 461
    13 682
    12 603
    11 470
    10 526
    10 268
    10 810

    151.9
    152.1
    153.1
    152.9
    153.4
    152.5
    153.7
    154.1
    153.0
    147.2

    408
    406
    409
    413
    409
    409
    414
    415
    408
    403

    1980 ............................................
    1979 ............................................
    1978 ............................................
    1977 ............................................
    1976 ............................................
    1975 ............................................
    1974 ............................................
    1973 ............................................
    1972 ............................................
    1971 ............................................

    72
    52
    34
    32
    32
    33
    31
    33
    37
    38

    2 505
    2 466
    2 345
    2 234
    2 271
    2 260
    2 244
    2 361
    2 361
    2 389

    371 000
    341 000
    329 000
    314 000
    303 000
    290 000
    305 000
    312 000
    305 000
    285 000

    2 816 000
    2 791 000
    2 520 000
    2 419 000
    2 320 000
    2 241 000
    2 258 000
    2 448 000
    2 376 000
    2 378 000

    297 000
    317 000
    275 000
    240 000
    223 000
    205 000
    208 000
    202 000
    191 000
    173 000

    255 200
    262 000
    226 800
    193 200
    179 000
    162 800
    162 900
    161 900
    152 406
    132 687

    5 742 000
    5 964 000
    5 818 000
    4 109 000
    3 855 000
    4 796 000
    3 760 000
    3 692 000
    3 354 000
    3 023 000

    1 342 000
    1 225 000
    1 181 000
    1 039 000
    1 001 000
    1 109 000
    1 016 000
    1 048 000
    1 049 000
    1 154 000

    11 311
    11 369
    10 534
    10 296
    9 832
    9 507
    9 546
    10 671
    9 985
    9 841

    143.1
    139.9
    140.0
    136.9
    134.1
    130.4
    127.7
    123.8
    118.1
    115.3

    405
    406
    409
    408
    406
    403
    402
    404
    404
    405

    1970 ............................................
    1969 ............................................
    1968 ............................................
    1967 ............................................
    1966 ............................................
    1965 ............................................
    1964 ............................................
    1963 ............................................
    1962 ............................................
    1961 ............................................

    33
    33
    38
    39
    40
    40
    40
    40
    40
    41

    2 437
    2 423
    2 317
    2 194
    2 027
    1 896
    1 863
    1 832
    1 831
    1 867

    242 206
    255 386
    244 742
    223 381
    196 298
    169 952
    153 243
    143 112
    138 673
    136 987

    2 013 484
    2 000 269
    1 715 857
    1 462 240
    1 178 458
    1 088 112
    957 575
    888 793
    827 694
    795 165

    153 408
    158 405
    145 774
    128 479
    105 789
    92 073
    79 139
    69 366
    60 738
    56 900

    104 156
    102 717
    87 508
    75 487
    60 591
    51 887
    44 141
    38 457
    33 623
    31 062

    1 966 009
    1 916 472
    1 578 992
    1 314 409
    1 108 691
    943 128
    743 963
    603 725
    554 599
    454 142

    705 711
    801 416
    564 084
    405 352
    291 277
    225 992
    189 782
    174 439
    166 801
    150 452

    ...
    27
    113
    223
    332
    448
    507
    554
    696
    743

    110.4
    109.8
    100.8
    94.4
    91.2
    89.2
    86.1
    83.4
    79.4
    72.9

    350
    394
    373
    354
    320
    314
    297
    287
    274
    253

    1960 ............................................
    1959 ............................................
    1958 ............................................
    1957 ............................................
    1956 ............................................
    1955 ............................................
    1954 ............................................
    1953 ............................................
    1952 ............................................
    1951 ............................................

    42
    39
    39
    40
    40
    42
    43
    44
    46
    49

    1 594
    1 596
    1 546
    1 494
    1 347
    1 212
    1 175
    1 139
    1 078
    981

    133 717
    132 042
    119 746
    119 333
    103 489
    95 548
    84 765
    84 651
    79 687
    72 898

    820 756
    841 925
    784 200
    791 265
    694 050
    627 336
    556 880
    525 374
    465 477
    411 878

    56 352
    54 955
    48 297
    48 761
    41 738
    38 025
    32 343
    28 721
    25 010
    22 652

    30 567
    29 308
    25 375
    25 379
    22 399
    19 852
    16 802
    14 794
    12 559
    10 590

    386 933
    344 728
    294 018
    268 791
    247 255
    229 966
    189 765
    179 063
    162 047
    144 790

    135 923
    120 308
    107 018
    100 218
    94 523
    88 751
    82 768
    74 106
    70 443
    64 734

    922
    1 142
    1 188
    1 165
    1 005
    912
    776
    692
    588
    ...

    65.5
    58.7
    55.8
    53.7
    52.4
    51.2
    50.1
    46.1
    42.7
    39.6

    235
    223
    220
    215
    213
    208
    206
    198
    191
    185

    1950 ............................................
    1949 ............................................
    1948 ............................................
    1947 ............................................
    1946 ............................................
    1945 ............................................
    1944 ............................................
    1943 ............................................
    1942 ............................................
    1941 ............................................

    52
    51
    39
    27
    23
    19
    18
    18
    19
    19

    960
    913
    878
    810
    674
    421
    288
    204
    186
    370

    61 903
    59 886
    60 416
    58 998
    69 182
    50 313
    31 198
    29 654
    26 910
    19 223

    369 826
    355 501
    338 217
    325 054
    309 889
    208 969
    138 732
    105 355
    111 341
    134 406

    17 345
    15 081
    13 168
    12 890
    12 213
    6 576
    4 046
    3 020
    3 137
    33 464

    8 007
    6 752
    5 976
    6 105
    5 945
    3 360
    2 177
    1 632
    1 418
    1 385

    152 223
    123 603
    102 360
    64 637
    38 590
    22 175
    16 974
    15 618
    11 896
    5 257

    47 740
    41 889
    38 198
    33 086
    32 969
    65 103
    51 146
    36 067
    21 167
    13 108

    418
    375
    332
    294
    236
    135
    90
    65
    69
    82

    37.5
    35.0
    32.4
    30.0
    25.3
    19.7
    19.1
    18.3
    17.9
    17.5

    180
    179
    172
    168
    160
    155
    156
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1940 ............................................
    1939 ............................................
    1938 ............................................
    1937 ............................................
    1936 ............................................
    1935 ............................................
    1934 ............................................
    1933 ............................................
    1932 ............................................
    1931 ............................................

    19
    418
    516
    22
    24
    26
    24
    25
    32
    39

    369
    4 276
    5 260
    291
    280
    363
    423
    418
    456
    490

    15 984
    410 639
    59 008
    7 586
    7 079
    5 945
    4 201
    4 369
    4 020
    4 314

    110 101
    82 925
    68 610
    66 791
    64 307
    55 918
    41 526
    49 256
    45 894
    43 109

    32 523
    31 561
    31 077
    3 887
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 052
    683
    480
    412
    6 439
    6 316
    6 190
    6 175
    6 127
    6 107

    3 476
    2 713
    2 182
    2 162
    1 866
    1 098
    7 597
    7 423
    7 290
    7 221

    10 118
    8 611
    7 449
    6 698
    5 741
    4 133
    82 237
    92 568
    92 701
    93 140

    66
    47
    38
    34
    31
    27
    19
    22
    20
    16

    16.5
    14.7
    13.9
    12.5
    10.7
    10.3
    8.9
    7.6
    6.6
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1930 ............................................
    1929 ............................................
    1928 ............................................
    1927 ............................................
    1926 ............................................

    43
    38
    34
    18
    13

    497
    442
    268
    ...
    ...

    2 778
    1 958
    101 496
    ...
    ...

    32 645
    22 729
    10 528
    5 856
    4 318

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    685
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    7 101
    770
    759
    713
    71

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    12
    6
    2
    1
    1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Figures for 19611971 for domestic airlines are for total aircraft in service, domestic and international.
    2Duplication has been eliminated where the same passengers were carried on more than one route of an

    carrier.
    gasoline prior to 1970; jet fuel beginning in 1970.
    . . . = Not available.

    3Shows

    air carrier, but still exists where the same passengers were carried by more than one air

    SECTION 20: TRANSPORTATION

    319

    Table 20-18Series Q 624-637. Air Transportation Accidents, 19272001


    (Number.)
    Domestic scheduled air carriers 1
    Year
    Total accidents

    Total passenger fatalities 2

    Number of fatal accidents

    2001 ............................................

    45

    531

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................
    1992 ............................................
    1991 ............................................

    56
    52
    50
    49
    38
    36
    20
    23
    16
    25

    3
    2
    1
    4
    5
    3
    4
    1
    4
    4

    92
    12
    1
    8
    380
    168
    239
    1
    33
    62

    1990 ............................................
    1989 ............................................
    1988 ............................................
    1987 ............................................
    1986 ............................................
    1985 ............................................
    1984 ............................................
    1983 ............................................
    1982 ............................................
    1981 ............................................

    22
    25
    28
    32
    21
    17
    14
    23
    15
    25

    6
    8
    3
    4
    2
    4
    1
    4
    3
    4

    39
    131
    285
    231
    5
    197
    4
    15
    233
    4

    1980 ............................................
    1979 ............................................
    1978 ............................................
    1977 ............................................
    1976 ............................................
    1975 ............................................
    1974 ............................................
    1973 ............................................
    1972 ............................................
    1971 ............................................

    15
    18
    19
    18
    21
    29
    43
    32
    43
    39

    5
    4
    2
    2
    2
    7
    6
    7
    6

    38
    352
    16
    75
    36
    122
    460
    217
    186
    194

    1970 ............................................
    1969 ............................................
    1968 ............................................
    1967 ............................................
    1966 ............................................
    1965 ............................................
    1964 ............................................
    1963 ............................................
    1962 ............................................
    1961 ............................................

    31
    37
    44
    43
    50
    55
    45
    39
    35
    56

    1
    7
    11
    8
    4
    6
    6
    4
    5
    5

    132
    258
    226
    59
    205
    106
    48
    158
    124

    1960 ............................................
    1959 ............................................
    1958 ............................................
    1957 ............................................
    1956 ............................................
    1955 ............................................
    1954 ............................................
    1953 ............................................
    1952 ............................................
    1951 ............................................

    62
    61
    42
    44
    55
    445
    549
    37
    44
    45

    310
    9
    4
    4
    4
    8
    4
    5
    6
    11

    326
    209
    114
    32
    143
    156
    16
    86
    46
    142

    1950 ............................................
    1949 ............................................
    1948 ............................................
    1947 ............................................
    1946 ............................................
    1945 ............................................
    1944 ............................................
    1943 ............................................
    1942 ............................................
    1941 ............................................

    39
    35
    56
    44
    33
    40
    30
    23
    23
    27

    4
    8
    5
    8
    9
    8
    5
    2
    5
    4

    96
    96
    83
    199
    75
    76
    48
    22
    55
    35

    1940 ............................................
    1939 ............................................
    1938 ............................................
    1937 ............................................
    1936 ............................................
    1935 ............................................
    1934 ............................................
    1933 ............................................
    1932 ............................................
    1931 ............................................

    30
    28
    23
    42
    65
    58
    71
    100
    108
    118

    3
    2
    5
    5
    8
    8
    8
    9
    16
    13

    35
    9
    25
    40
    44
    15
    17
    8
    19
    25

    1930 ............................................
    1929 ............................................
    1928 ............................................
    1927 ............................................

    88
    124
    85
    25

    9
    21
    11
    4

    24
    14
    14
    1

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1From 1927 to 1994, includes scheduled revenue operators only. Beginning 1995, including all flights by U.S. air carriers operating under 14 CF4 121. Figures between 1980 and 1990 represent

    both domestic and international flights.


    2Other than persons aboard aircraft who were killed, fatalities resulting from the September 11, 2001 terrorist acts are excluded.

    - = Quantity zero.

    320

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 20-19Series Q 604-623. Airports, Aircraft, Pilots, and Miles Flown, 19272001
    (Number.)
    Airports and landing fields 1

    Certified airplane pilots 3


    Total civil aircraft 2

    Year
    Total

    Lighted

    Total

    Airline transport

    Commercial

    Private

    2001 ............................................

    19 306

    ...

    ...

    612 274

    144 702

    120 502

    243 823

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................
    1992 ............................................
    1991 ............................................

    19 281
    19 098
    18 770
    18 345
    18 292
    18 224
    18 343
    18 317
    17 846
    17 581

    ...
    ...
    ...
    4 832
    4 847
    4 838
    4 830
    4 842
    4 831
    4 811

    ...
    ...
    ...
    200 000
    198 600
    195 500
    281 000
    279 000
    277 000
    275 500

    625 581
    635 472
    618 298
    616 000
    622 000
    639 184
    654 000
    665 000
    683 000
    692 000

    141 596
    137 642
    134 612
    131 000
    127 000
    123 877
    117 000
    117 000
    116 000
    112 000

    121 858
    124 261
    122 053
    125 000
    129 000
    133 980
    139 000
    143 000
    146 000
    148 000

    251 561
    258 749
    247 226
    248 000
    254 000
    261 000
    284 000
    284 000
    288 000
    293 000

    1990 ............................................
    1989 ............................................
    1988 ............................................
    1987 ............................................
    1986 ............................................
    1985 ............................................
    1984 ............................................
    1983 ............................................
    1982 ............................................
    1981 ............................................

    17 490
    17 446
    17 327
    17 015
    16 582
    16 319
    16 075
    16 029
    15 831
    15 476

    4 822
    4 443
    4 890
    4 922
    4 954
    4 941
    4 889
    4 878
    4 844
    4 795

    275 900
    274 800
    272 700
    275 100
    275 700
    274 900
    271 500
    264 900
    259 000
    261 600

    703 000
    700 000
    694 000
    700 000
    709 000
    710 000
    722 000
    718 000
    733 000
    764 000

    108 000
    102 000
    97 000
    91 000
    87 000
    83 000
    79 000
    75 000
    73 000
    70 000

    149 000
    145 000
    143 000
    144 000
    148 000
    152 000
    155 000
    159 000
    165 000
    169 000

    299 000
    293 000
    300 000
    301 000
    306 000
    311 000
    322 000
    319 000
    322 000
    329 000

    1980 ............................................
    1979 ............................................
    1978 ............................................
    1977 ............................................
    1976 ............................................
    1975 ............................................
    1974 ............................................
    1973 ............................................
    1972 ............................................
    1971 ............................................

    15 161
    14 746
    14 574
    14 117
    13 770
    13 251
    13 062
    12 700
    12 405
    12 070

    4 738
    4 631
    4 567
    4 483
    4 362
    4 171
    3 999
    3 880
    3 827
    3 759

    259 400
    251 500
    236 800
    215 300
    205 900
    196 300
    188 000
    179 800
    170 800
    166 800

    827 000
    815 000
    799 000
    784 000
    744 000
    728 000
    734 000
    715 000
    751 000
    741 000

    70 000
    64 000
    56 000
    50 000
    45 000
    43 000
    41 000
    38 000
    38 000
    36 000

    183 000
    182 000
    186 000
    189 000
    188 000
    189 000
    192 000
    182 000
    196 000
    192 000

    357 000
    343 000
    338 000
    327 000
    309 000
    306 000
    306 000
    299 000
    321 000
    313 000

    1970 ............................................
    1969 ............................................
    1968 ............................................
    1967 ............................................
    1966 ............................................
    1965 ............................................
    1964 ............................................
    1963 ............................................
    1962 ............................................
    1961 ............................................

    11 261
    11 050
    10 470
    10 126
    9 673
    9 566
    9 490
    8 814
    8 084
    7 715

    3 554
    3 430
    3 312
    3 149
    2 988
    2 878
    2 773
    2 672
    2 481
    2 299

    154 450
    190 749
    179 285
    166 598
    155 132
    142 078
    137 189
    129 975
    124 273
    117 904

    732 729
    720 028
    691 695
    617 931
    548 757
    479 770
    431 041
    378 700
    830 220
    804 707

    34 430
    31 442
    28 607
    25 817
    23 917
    22 440
    21 572
    20 269
    23 220
    22 042

    186 821
    176 585
    164 458
    150 135
    131 539
    116 665
    108 428
    96 341
    275 495
    268 707

    303 779
    299 491
    281 728
    253 312
    222 427
    196 393
    175 574
    152 209
    531 505
    513 958

    1960 ............................................
    1959 ............................................
    1958 ............................................
    1957 ............................................
    1956 ............................................
    1955 ............................................
    1954 ............................................
    1953 ............................................
    1952 ............................................
    1951 ............................................

    6 881
    6 426
    6 018
    6 412
    7 028
    6 839
    6 977
    6 760
    6 042
    6 237

    2 133
    1 943
    1 809
    1 713
    1 399
    1 247
    1 108
    1 050
    1 858
    ...

    111 580
    105 309
    98 893
    93 189
    87 531
    85 320
    92 067
    91 102
    89 313
    88 545

    783 232
    758 368
    731 078
    702 519
    669 079
    643 201
    613 695
    585 974
    581 218
    580 574

    20 985
    19 364
    18 303
    16 900
    15 295
    13 700
    13 341
    12 757
    11 357
    10 813

    262 437
    255 377
    245 541
    237 149
    221 096
    211 142
    201 441
    195 363
    193 575
    197 900

    499 810
    483 627
    467 234
    448 470
    432 688
    418 359
    398 913
    377 854
    376 286
    371 861

    1950 ............................................
    1949 ............................................
    1948 ............................................
    1947 ............................................
    1946 ............................................
    1945 ............................................
    1944 ............................................
    1943 ............................................
    1942 ............................................
    1941 ............................................

    6 403
    6 484
    6 414
    5 759
    4 490
    4 026
    3 427
    2 769
    2 809
    2 484

    1 670
    1 480
    1 521
    1 447
    1 019
    1 007
    964
    859
    700
    662

    92 809
    92 622
    95 997
    94 821
    81 002
    37 789
    27 919
    27 180
    27 170
    26 013

    ...
    525 174
    491 306
    433 241
    400 061
    296 895
    183 383
    173 206
    166 626
    129 947

    ...
    9 025
    7 762
    7 059
    7 654
    5 815
    3 046
    2 315
    2 177
    1 587

    ...
    187 769
    176 846
    181 912
    203 251
    162 873
    68 449
    63 940
    55 760
    34 578

    ...
    328 380
    306 699
    244 270
    189 156
    128 207
    111 888
    106 951
    108 689
    93 782

    1940 ............................................
    1939 ............................................
    1938 ............................................
    1937 ............................................
    1936 ............................................
    1935 ............................................
    1934 ............................................
    1933 ............................................
    1932 ............................................
    1931 ............................................

    2 331
    2 280
    2 374
    2 299
    2 342
    2 368
    2 297
    2 188
    2 117
    2 093

    776
    735
    719
    720
    705
    698
    664
    626
    701
    680

    17 928
    13 772
    11 159
    10 836
    9 229
    9 072
    8 322
    9 284
    10 324
    10 780

    69 829
    33 706
    22 983
    17 681
    15 952
    14 805
    13 949
    13 960
    18 594
    17 739

    1 431
    1 197
    1 159
    1 064
    842
    736
    676
    554
    330
    ...

    18 791
    11 677
    7 839
    6 411
    7 288
    7 362
    7 484
    7 635
    7 967
    8 513

    49 607
    20 832
    13 985
    10 206
    7 822
    6 707
    5 789
    5 771
    10 297
    9 226

    1930 ............................................
    1929 ............................................
    1928 ............................................
    1927 ............................................

    1 782
    1 550
    1 364
    1 036

    640
    ...
    ...
    ...

    9 818
    9 922
    5 104
    2 740

    15 280
    10 430
    4 887
    1 572

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    7 847
    6 165
    ...
    ...

    7 433
    4 265
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes seaplane bases, heliports, and beginning 1954, military fields having joing civil-military use. Prior to 1954, all military fields are included.
    219461952 includes gliders. Beginning 1950 and until 1994, includes active and inactive aircraft; after 1994, active aircraft only.
    3Beginning 1963, data are for active certified airplane pilots only. Also beginning 1963, total includes student, helicopter, glider, glider, and other pilots,

    . . . = Not available.

    not shown separately.

    SECTION 20: TRANSPORTATION

    321

    Table 20-20. Top 40 Airports in 2002Passengers Enplaned, 1992 and 2002


    (Number in thousands, rank)
    1992

    2002

    Airport
    Total passengers

    Rank

    Total passengers

    Rank

    All Airports ................................................................

    454 060

    558 705

    Total Top 40 ...............................................................


    Atlanta (Hartsfield Intl), GA .........................................
    Chicago (OHare Intl), IL .............................................
    Dallas/Ft Worth Intl, TX ...............................................
    Los Angeles Intl, CA ...................................................
    Denver Intl, CO ...........................................................
    Phoenix Sky Harbor Intl, AZ ........................................
    Las Vegas (McCarran Intl) NV ....................................
    Minneapolis-St Paul Intl, MN .......................................
    Detroit (Wayne County), MI ........................................
    Houston International, TX ...........................................

    343 114
    19 705
    28 948
    24 671
    18 395
    13 595
    10 787
    9 347
    10 055
    10 425
    8 358

    X
    3
    1
    2
    4
    6
    7
    12
    11
    10
    21

    428 111
    34 927
    27 029
    22 759
    19 397
    16 077
    15 952
    15 581
    14 639
    13 939
    13 343

    X
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10

    Seattle-Tacoma Intl, WA .............................................


    Orlando Intl, FL ...........................................................
    St Louis (Lambert-St Louis Muni), MO ........................
    San Francisco Intl, CA ................................................
    Newark, NJ .................................................................
    Charlotte (Douglas Muni), NC .....................................
    New York (LaGuardia), NY .........................................
    Cincinatti, OH ..............................................................
    Philadelphia, PA ..........................................................
    Boston, (Logan Intl), MA .............................................

    8 572
    8 765
    10 436
    14 208
    10 479
    8 239
    9 252
    4 916
    6 968
    9 320

    19
    16
    9
    5
    8
    22
    14
    27
    23
    13

    12 222
    12 133
    11 748
    11 253
    11 138
    10 147
    9 889
    9 882
    9 788
    9 174

    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20

    Baltimore, MD .............................................................
    Chicago, IL (Midway) ..................................................
    Salt Lake City, UT .......................................................
    Pittsburgh, PA .............................................................
    Miami/Ft Lauderdale, FL .............................................
    Miami Intl, FL ..............................................................
    Tampa, FL ...................................................................
    New York,( JFK), NY ...................................................
    Honolulu, HI ................................................................
    San Diego (Intl-Lindbergh), CA ...................................

    3 648
    1 983
    6 096
    8 582
    3 499
    9 076
    4 398
    8 468
    8 742
    5 657

    35
    56
    25
    18
    38
    15
    30
    20
    17
    26

    8 949
    7 770
    7 718
    7 688
    7 676
    7 444
    7 317
    7 293
    7 169
    7 114

    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30

    Oakland Metro Intl, CA ................................................


    Portland, OR ...............................................................
    Washington (Reagan National), DC ............................
    Kansas City, MO .........................................................
    San Jose Intl, CA ........................................................
    Cleveland (Hopkins Intl), OH ......................................
    Washington (Dulles Intl), DC .......................................
    Memphis, TN ...............................................................
    New Orleans, LA .........................................................
    Sacramento, CA ..........................................................

    3 104
    3 588
    6 837
    3 515
    3 137
    3 785
    4 479
    3 339
    3 252
    2 489

    42
    36
    24
    37
    41
    34
    28
    39
    40
    49

    5 977
    5 795
    5 715
    5 105
    5 028
    5 003
    4 978
    4 702
    4 548
    4 107

    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    38
    39
    40

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    X = Not applicable.

    322

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 20-21Series Q 284-312. Railroad Mileage and Equipment, 18962001


    (Number.)
    Equipment 1
    Year

    Total mileage of track


    Total locomotives in service 2

    Freight-train cars in service 3

    Passenger-train cars in
    service, railroad only

    Average capacity 4

    Number

    December 31
    2001 ............................................

    204 000

    19 745

    ...

    500 000

    ...

    2000 ............................................
    1999 ............................................
    1998 ............................................
    1997 ............................................
    1996 ............................................
    1995 ............................................
    1994 ............................................
    1993 ............................................
    1992 ............................................
    1991 ............................................

    205 000
    207 000
    224 000
    225 000
    228 000
    228 000
    232 000
    231 000
    234 000
    241 000

    20 028
    20 256
    20 261
    19 684
    19 269
    18 812
    18 505
    18 161
    18 004
    18 344

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    560 000
    579 000
    576 000
    568 000
    571 000
    583 000
    591 000
    587 000
    605 000
    633 000

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1990 ............................................
    1989 ............................................
    1988 ............................................
    1987 ............................................
    1986 ............................................
    1985 ............................................
    1984 ............................................
    1983 ............................................
    1982 ............................................
    1981 ............................................

    244 000
    249 000
    251 000
    254 000
    256 000
    257 000
    264 000
    270 000
    275 000
    278 000

    18 835
    19 015
    19 364
    19 358
    20 790
    22 932
    22 548
    25 838
    27 073
    27 808

    ...
    ...
    2 332
    2 350
    2 307
    2 502
    2 580
    2 610
    3 736
    3 945

    659 000
    682 000
    725 000
    749 000
    799 000
    867 000
    948 000
    1 007 000
    1 039 000
    1 111 000

    87.5
    87.8
    86.4
    85.0
    84.1
    83.2
    83.4
    82.4
    81.6
    80.5

    1980 ............................................
    1979 ............................................
    1978 ............................................
    1977 ............................................
    1976 ............................................
    1975 ............................................
    1974 ............................................
    1973 ............................................
    1972 ............................................
    1971 ............................................

    290 000
    300 000
    322 000
    321 000
    314 000
    324 000
    354 000
    354 000
    356 000
    359 194

    28 094
    27 900
    27 000
    29 700
    29 600
    28 210
    30 110
    29 926
    29 338
    29 185

    4 347
    2 400
    2 400
    5 700
    5 600
    6 471
    7 080
    7 363
    7 763
    8 869

    1 168 000
    1 148 000
    1 201 000
    1 275 000
    1 309 000
    1 359 000
    1 373 000
    1 387 000
    1 411 000
    1 441 000

    78.5
    77.7
    76.9
    75.5
    73.8
    72.9
    71.4
    70.5
    69.6
    68.4

    1970 ............................................
    1969 ............................................
    1968 ............................................
    1967 ............................................
    1966 ............................................
    1965 ............................................
    1964 ............................................
    1963 ............................................
    1962 ............................................
    1961 ............................................

    360 330
    364 915
    366 238
    368 030
    370 104
    370 636
    372 300
    374 522
    376 290
    379 415

    29 122
    29 090
    29 448
    29 874
    30 124
    30 061
    30 296
    30 506
    30 701
    30 889

    11 378
    12 630
    14 816
    17 822
    18 974
    20 022
    21 510
    22 616
    23 430
    24 433

    1 453 708
    1 464 194
    1 484 571
    1 510 963
    1 523 741
    1 515 169
    1 517 564
    1 542 456
    1 581 213
    1 635 342

    67.1
    65.8
    64.3
    63.4
    61.4
    59.8
    58.2
    56.8
    56.3
    55.7

    1960 ............................................
    1959 ............................................
    1958 ............................................
    1957 ............................................
    1956 ............................................
    1955 ............................................
    1954 ............................................
    1953 ............................................
    1952 ............................................
    1951 ............................................

    381 745
    383 912
    385 264
    386 978
    389 668
    390 965
    392 580
    393 736
    394 631
    395 831

    31 178
    31 539
    31 616
    32 391
    32 593
    33 533
    35 033
    37 251
    39 697
    42 473

    25 746
    27 419
    28 999
    29 564
    30 817
    32 118
    33 035
    34 106
    34 942
    36 326

    1 690 396
    1 708 116
    1 755 775
    1 777 557
    1 738 631
    1 723 747
    1 761 386
    1 801 874
    1 783 352
    1 777 878

    55.4
    55.0
    54.8
    54.5
    54.0
    53.7
    53.7
    53.5
    53.2
    52.9

    1950 ............................................
    1949 ............................................
    1948 ............................................
    1947 ............................................
    1946 ............................................
    1945 ............................................
    1944 ............................................
    1943 ............................................
    1942 ............................................
    1941 ............................................

    396 380
    397 232
    397 203
    397 355
    398 037
    398 054
    398 437
    398 730
    399 627
    403 625

    42 951
    43 272
    44 474
    44 344
    45 511
    46 253
    46 305
    45 406
    44 671
    44 375

    37 359
    38 006
    39 406
    39 057
    38 697
    38 633
    38 217
    38 331
    38 446
    38 334

    1 745 778
    1 778 811
    1 785 067
    1 759 758
    1 768 400
    1 787 073
    1 797 012
    1 784 472
    1 773 735
    1 732 673

    52.6
    52.4
    51.9
    51.5
    51.3
    51.1
    50.8
    50.7
    50.5
    50.3

    1940 ............................................
    1939 ............................................
    1938 ............................................
    1937 ............................................
    1936 ............................................
    1935 ............................................
    1934 ............................................
    1933 ............................................
    1932 ............................................
    1931 ............................................

    405 975
    408 350
    411 324
    414 572
    416 381
    419 228
    422 401
    425 664
    428 402
    429 823

    44 333
    45 172
    46 544
    47 555
    48 009
    49 541
    51 423
    54 228
    56 732
    58 652

    38 308
    38 977
    39 931
    40 949
    41 390
    42 426
    44 884
    47 677
    50 598
    52 096

    1 684 171
    1 680 519
    1 731 096
    1 776 428
    1 790 043
    1 867 381
    1 973 247
    2 072 632
    2 184 690
    2 245 904

    50.0
    49.7
    49.4
    49.2
    48.8
    48.3
    48.0
    47.5
    47.0
    47.0

    1Includes switching and terminal companies.


    2For 18901927, number of locomotives; for 1928,

    number of units, except for steam locomotives. (A unit is the least number of wheel bases together with superstructure cabable of independent
    propulsion, but not necessarily equipped with an independent control.)

    3Excludes caboose cars.


    4For 19161956, represents

    steam locomotives and freight cars of class I railroads, excluding switching and terminal companies; for 19571967, includes all class I locomotives, excluding
    switching and terminal companies.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 20: TRANSPORTATION

    323

    Table 20-21Series Q 284-312. Railroad Mileage and Equipment, 18962001Continued


    (Number.)
    Equipment 1
    Year

    Total mileage of track


    Total locomotives in service 2

    Passenger-train cars in
    service, railroad only

    Freight-train cars in service 3


    Average capacity 4

    Number

    1930 ............................................
    1929 ............................................
    1928 ............................................
    1927 ............................................
    1926 ............................................
    1925 ............................................
    1924 ............................................
    1923 ............................................
    1922 ............................................
    1921 ............................................

    429 883
    429 054
    427 750
    424 737
    421 341
    417 954
    415 028
    412 993
    409 359
    407 531

    60 189
    61 257
    63 311
    65 348
    66 847
    68 098
    69 486
    69 414
    68 518
    69 122

    53 584
    53 838
    54 800
    55 729
    56 855
    56 814
    57 451
    57 159
    56 827
    56 950

    2 322 267
    2 323 683
    2 346 751
    2 378 800
    2 403 967
    2 414 083
    2 411 627
    2 379 131
    2 352 483
    2 378 510

    46.9
    46.3
    45.8
    45.5
    45.1
    44.8
    44.3
    43.8
    43.1
    42.5

    1920 ............................................
    1919 ............................................
    1918 ............................................
    1917 ............................................
    1916 ............................................

    403 580
    403 891
    402 343
    400 353
    397 014

    68 942
    68 977
    67 936
    66 070
    65 595

    56 102
    56 290
    56 611
    55 939
    55 193

    2 388 424
    2 426 889
    2 397 943
    2 379 472
    2 329 475

    42.4
    41.9
    41.6
    41.5
    40.9

    June 30
    1916 ............................................
    1915 ............................................
    1914 ............................................
    1913 ............................................
    1912 ............................................
    1911 ............................................

    394 944
    391 142
    387 208
    379 508
    371 238
    362 824

    65 314
    66 502
    67 012
    65 597
    63 463
    62 463

    54 774
    55 810
    54 492
    52 717
    51 583
    49 906

    2 343 378
    2 341 567
    2 349 734
    2 298 478
    2 229 163
    2 208 997

    40.5
    39.7
    39.1
    38.3
    37.4
    36.9

    1910 ............................................
    1909 ............................................
    1908 ............................................
    1907 ............................................
    1906 ............................................
    1905 ............................................
    1904 ............................................
    1903 ............................................
    1902 ............................................
    1901 ............................................

    351 767
    342 351
    333 646
    327 975
    317 083
    306 797
    297 073
    283 822
    274 196
    265 352

    60 019
    58 219
    57 698
    55 388
    51 672
    48 357
    46 743
    43 871
    41 225
    39 584

    47 179
    45 664
    45 292
    43 973
    42 262
    40 713
    39 752
    38 140
    36 987
    35 969

    2 148 478
    2 086 835
    2 100 784
    1 991 557
    1 837 914
    1 731 409
    1 692 194
    1 653 782
    1 546 101
    1 464 328

    35.9
    35.3
    34.9
    33.8
    32.2
    30.8
    30.1
    29.4
    ...
    ...

    1900 ............................................
    1899 ............................................
    1898 ............................................
    1897 ............................................
    1896 ............................................

    258 784
    250 143
    245 334
    242 013
    239 140

    37 663
    36 703
    36 234
    35 986
    35 950

    34 713
    33 850
    33 595
    33 626
    33 003

    1 365 531
    1 295 510
    1 248 826
    1 221 730
    1 221 887

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes switching and terminal companies.
    2For 18901927, number of locomotives; for 1928,

    number of units, except for steam locomotives. (A unit is the least number of wheel bases together with superstructure cabable of independent
    propulsion, but not necessarily equipped with an independent control.)

    3Excludes caboose cars.


    4For 19161956, represents

    steam locomotives and freight cars of class I railroads, excluding switching and terminal companies; for 19571967, includes all class I locomotives, excluding
    switching and terminal companies.
    . . . = Not available.

    324

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 20-22Series Q 331-345. Railroad Freight


    Traffic, 19122001
    (Thousands of revenue-tons.)
    Year

    Total revenue freight originated


    (Class I railroads in carloads)

    December 31
    2001 ......................................................

    1 742 000

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 738 000
    1 717 000
    1 649 000
    1 585 000
    1 611 000
    1 550 000
    1 470 000
    1 397 000
    1 399 000
    1 383 000

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 425 000
    1 403 000
    1 429 000
    1 372 000
    1 306 000
    1 312 100
    1 429 400
    1 292 600
    1 268 600
    1 453 000

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 492 400
    1 502 100
    1 390 400
    1 394 700
    1 370 000
    1 395 100
    1 530 000
    1 532 000
    1 448 000
    1 391 000

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 484 110
    1 472 620
    1 430 441
    1 406 668
    1 447 852
    1 386 090
    1 353 117
    1 283 382
    1 231 415
    1 191 154

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 237 575
    1 228 277
    1 185 951
    1 374 884
    1 440 937
    1 389 346
    1 217 005
    1 376 046
    1 343 294
    1 467 023

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 343 308
    1 213 911
    1 488 612
    1 514 985
    1 342 230
    1 404 080
    1 471 366
    1 462 314
    1 403 612
    1 209 559

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    994 728
    886 794
    757 470
    998 398
    942 538
    775 588
    750 951
    684 592
    630 989
    871 412

    SECTION 20: TRANSPORTATION

    Table 20-22Series Q 331-345. Railroad Freight


    Traffic, 19122001Continued
    (Thousands of revenue-tons.)
    Year

    Total revenue freight originated


    (Class I railroads in carloads)

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 123 530
    1 303 048
    1 248 989
    1 243 171
    1 296 651
    1 206 655
    1 146 747
    1 234 692
    980 516
    898 191

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 202 219
    1 045 148
    1 209 957
    1 210 247
    1 150 456

    June 30
    1916 ......................................................
    1915 ......................................................
    1914 ......................................................
    1913 ......................................................
    1912 ......................................................

    878 761
    982 892
    1 026 817
    889 999
    866 398

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    325

    326

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 20-23. Cargo-Carrying U.S.-Flag Fleet, by Area of Operation, 2002


    (Number; thousands of metric tons, one ton equals 100 cubic feet of space.)
    Total fleet

    Liquid carriers

    Dry bulk carriers

    Other freighters 1

    Containerships

    Area of operation
    Number

    Tons

    Number

    Tons

    Number

    Tons

    Number

    Tons

    Number

    Tons

    VESSELS OF 1,000 GROSS TONS AND MORE


    Grand Total ................................................................
    Foreign waterborne trade 2 .........................................
    Domestic trade ............................................................
    Coastal ....................................................................
    Inland waterway ......................................................
    Great Lakes ............................................................
    Government ................................................................

    3 166
    347
    2 639
    953
    1 634
    52
    180

    30 282
    6 672
    20 053
    13 190
    5 297
    1 566
    3 557

    1 954
    73
    1 853
    511
    1 339
    3
    28

    16 888
    1 642
    14 362
    9 935
    4 410
    17
    884

    627
    169
    458
    209
    206
    43
    -

    5 132
    1 659
    3 473
    1 387
    572
    1 514
    -

    117
    61
    51
    51
    5

    3 206
    2 373
    747
    747
    86

    468
    44
    277
    182
    89
    6
    147

    5 056
    998
    1 471
    1 121
    315
    35
    2 587

    Total Self-Propelled ..................................................


    Foreign waterborne trade 2 .........................................
    Domestic trade ............................................................
    Coastal ....................................................................
    Inland waterway ......................................................
    Great Lakes ............................................................
    Government ................................................................

    489
    150
    159
    121
    38
    180

    17 567
    5 662
    8 348
    6 976
    1 372
    3 557

    137
    24
    85
    85
    28

    8 393
    1 332
    6 177
    6 177
    884

    60
    22
    38
    1
    37
    -

    2 363
    979
    1 384
    33
    1 351
    -

    90
    61
    24
    24
    5

    3 050
    2 373
    591
    591
    86

    202
    43
    12
    11
    1
    147

    3 761
    978
    196
    175
    21
    2 587

    Total Non-Self-Propelled 3 ........................................


    Foreign waterborne trade 2 .........................................
    Domestic trade ............................................................
    Coastal ....................................................................
    Inland waterway ......................................................
    Great Lakes ............................................................

    2 677
    197
    2 480
    832
    1 634
    14

    12 715
    1 010
    11 705
    6 214
    5 297
    194

    1 817
    49
    1 768
    426
    1 339
    3

    8 495
    310
    8 185
    3 758
    4 410
    17

    567
    147
    420
    208
    206
    6

    2 769
    680
    2 089
    1 354
    572
    163

    27
    27
    27
    -

    156
    156
    156
    -

    266
    1
    265
    171
    89
    5

    1 295
    20
    1 275
    946
    315
    14

    Grand Total ................................................................


    Foreign waterborne trade 2 .........................................
    Domestic trade ............................................................
    Coastal ....................................................................
    Inland waterway ......................................................
    Great Lakes ............................................................

    27 552
    101
    27 451
    1 847
    25 493
    111

    40 938
    51
    40 887
    1 432
    39 301
    154

    1 767
    6
    1 761
    110
    1 647
    4

    2 689
    4
    2 685
    117
    2 565
    3

    21 705
    95
    21 610
    380
    21 211
    19

    34 449
    47
    34 402
    549
    33 828
    25

    4 080
    4 080
    1 357
    2 635
    88

    3 800
    3 800
    766
    2 908
    126

    Total Self-Propelled ..................................................


    Domestic trade ............................................................
    Coastal ....................................................................
    Inland waterway ......................................................
    Great Lakes ............................................................

    111
    111
    75
    27
    9

    55
    55
    31
    21
    3

    20
    20
    17
    1
    2

    14
    14
    10
    3
    1

    3
    3
    3

    2
    2
    -

    88
    88
    5 821
    2 618
    4

    39
    39
    -

    Total Non-Self-Propelled ..........................................


    Foreign waterborne trade 2 .........................................
    Domestic trade ............................................................
    Coastal ....................................................................
    Inland waterway ......................................................
    Great Lakes ............................................................

    27 441
    101
    27 340
    1 772
    25 466
    102

    40 883
    51
    40 832
    1 401
    39 280
    151

    1 747
    6
    1 741
    93
    1 646
    2

    2 675
    4
    2 671
    107
    2 562
    2

    21 702
    95
    21 607
    380
    21 211
    16

    34 447
    47
    34 400
    549
    33 828
    23

    3 992
    3 992
    1 299
    2 609
    84

    3 761
    3 761
    745
    2 890
    126

    VESSELS LESS THAN 1,000 GROSS TONS

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes
    2Includes
    3Includes

    general cargo, ro-ro (roll-on, roll-off), multipurpose, lighter aboard ship (LASH) vessels, and deck barges. Excludes offshore supply vessels.
    U.S./Canada TransLakes.
    Integrated Tug Barge (ITB) Units.
    - = Quantity zero.

    SECTION 20: TRANSPORTATION

    327

    Table 20-24. Waterborne Commerce, by Type of Commodity, 19902001


    (Millions of short tons.)
    2001
    Commodity

    1990

    2000 1

    1995

    Total

    Domestic

    Foreign imports

    Foreign exports

    TOTAL 1 ................................................

    2 163.9

    2 240.4

    Coal ......................................................

    339.9

    324.5

    297.0

    303.3

    227.7

    19.9

    55.8

    Petroleum and Petroleum Products ..


    Crude petroleum ...................................
    Petroleum products 1 .............................
    Gasoline ............................................
    Distillate fuel oil .................................
    Residual fuel oil ................................

    923.2
    485.7
    437.5
    116.9
    77.4
    145.2

    907.1
    504.6
    402.5
    114.4
    76.7
    111.9

    1 044.0
    571.4
    472.4
    125.2
    91.7
    131.6

    1 048.6
    573.6
    475.0
    127.7
    91.1
    133.7

    369.7
    86.0
    283.8
    93.1
    65.6
    78.7

    620.6
    486.2
    134.3
    27.7
    20.6
    40.9

    58.3
    1.3
    57.0
    6.9
    5.0
    14.0

    Chemicals and Related Products ......


    Fertilizers ..............................................
    Other chemicals and related products ...

    123.8
    32.2
    91.6

    153.7
    35.7
    118.0

    172.4
    35.1
    137.3

    169.7
    39.0
    130.6

    71.1
    14.2
    56.9

    43.8
    11.3
    32.6

    54.7
    13.6
    41.2

    Crude Material, Inedible 1 ...................


    Forest products, wood and chips ..........
    Pulp and waste paper ............................
    Soil, sand, gravel, rock, and stone ........
    Limestone ..........................................
    Phosphate rock .................................
    Sand and gravel ................................
    Iron ore and scrap ................................
    Marineshells .........................................
    Nonferrous ores and scrap ....................
    Sulphur, clay and salt ...........................
    Slag ......................................................
    Other nonmetal minerals .......................

    374.7
    55.7
    11.8
    144.2
    43.1
    14.6
    62.9
    101.7
    2.1
    31.2
    8.2
    2.3
    17.5

    381.7
    47.2
    14.9
    152.5
    54.0
    10.7
    77.0
    104.9
    0.5
    27.9
    23.4
    1.9
    8.4

    380.3
    33.1
    13.6
    165.0
    67.4
    3.4
    79.0
    97.9
    0.3
    29.2
    11.3
    4.0
    25.9

    354.0
    27.1
    13.8
    162.6
    68.9
    1.7
    77.5
    76.8
    0.3
    25.7
    10.3
    4.4
    33.1

    213.7
    10.2
    0.2
    129.3
    56.0
    1.7
    68.5
    54.0
    0.2
    6.2
    1.5
    1.7
    10.5

    95.0
    6.1
    1.2
    29.8
    10.4
    8.1
    13.4
    17.1
    3.9
    2.6
    20.9

    45.3
    10.7
    12.5
    3.5
    2.4
    0.9
    9.3
    2.4
    4.9
    0.1
    1.8

    Primary Manufactured Goods 1 ..........


    Papers products ....................................
    Lime, cement and glass ........................
    Primary iron and steel products .............
    Primary nonferrous metal products .......
    Primary wood products .........................

    76.0
    10.7
    28.3
    25.1
    8.9
    3.0

    106.3
    13.1
    33.9
    44.1
    12.3
    2.9

    153.0
    12.1
    55.9
    57.1
    25.5
    2.5

    137.1
    11.9
    52.1
    46.6
    23.8
    2.7

    40.3
    0.4
    19.9
    13.9
    6.1
    0.1

    82.9
    5.4
    31.0
    31.6
    12.6
    2.3

    13.9
    6.1
    1.3
    1.0
    5.1
    0.3

    Food and Farm Products 1 .................


    Fish .......................................................
    Grain 1 ..................................................
    Corn ...................................................
    Wheat ................................................
    Oilseeds ................................................
    Soybeans .........................................
    Vegetables products ..............................
    Processed grain and animal feed ..........
    Other agricultural products ....................

    267.5
    3.2
    157.3
    96.1
    44.5
    36.0
    32.2
    6.7
    28.2
    36.3

    303.2
    3.6
    167.9
    105.0
    48.5
    46.1
    42.0
    9.0
    33.0
    43.5

    283.3
    2.4
    145.2
    88.2
    43.4
    57.6
    47.3
    8.9
    23.1
    46.1

    281.9
    2.4
    140.7
    87.9
    40.3
    61.5
    49.4
    8.8
    22.4
    46.1

    96.5
    0.1
    54.8
    39.0
    12.1
    25.2
    20.0
    1.2
    7.7
    7.3

    30.8
    1.3
    1.6
    0.1
    0.2
    0.6
    3.5
    1.0
    23.0

    154.6
    1.0
    84.3
    48.8
    28.0
    35.6
    29.4
    3.9
    13.9
    15.8

    All Manufacturing Equipment,


    Machinery and Products ..................

    42.2

    57.0

    83.6

    80.3

    19.9

    47.7

    12.8

    Waste and Scrap, nec ........................

    13.2

    5.4

    4.3

    3.5

    3.5

    Unknown or Not Elsewhere


    Classified ..........................................

    3.4

    1.6

    6.8

    8.2

    0.1

    4.4

    3.7

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes

    categories not shown separately.


    - = Quantity zero or rounds to zero.

    2 424.6

    2 386.8

    1 042.5

    945.1

    399.0

    328

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 20-25. Merchant Fleets of the World, 2001


    (Vessels of 1,000 gross tons and over.)
    Country of registry

    Total

    Dry bulk 1

    Tanker

    Containership

    Roll-on/roll-off

    Cruise/passenger

    Other 2

    World Total, 2001 .................................

    28 070

    7 053

    5 714

    2 661

    1 513

    305

    10 824

    United States .......................................


    Privately-owned .................................
    Government-owned ...........................

    444
    261
    183

    131
    104
    27

    17
    17
    -

    91
    86
    5

    60
    28
    32

    13
    2
    11

    132
    24
    108

    Foreign Total ........................................


    Panama .................................................
    Liberia ....................................................
    Russia ...................................................
    China, Peoples Republic of ..................
    Malta ......................................................
    Cyprus ...................................................
    Bahamas ...............................................
    Singapore ..............................................
    Saint Vincent & the Grenadines ............

    27 626
    4 758
    1 505
    1 477
    1 451
    1 339
    1 244
    996
    862
    750

    6 922
    1 141
    583
    271
    268
    339
    167
    248
    410
    91

    5 697
    1 449
    353
    97
    325
    436
    451
    162
    130
    138

    2 570
    525
    277
    21
    103
    57
    120
    60
    165
    28

    1 453
    308
    58
    8
    16
    56
    29
    65
    32
    32

    292
    42
    28
    6
    3
    4
    8
    74
    5

    10 692
    1 293
    206
    1 074
    736
    447
    469
    387
    125
    456

    Greece ...................................................
    Norway (NIS) 3 ......................................
    Antigua & Barbuda ................................
    Japan .....................................................
    Indonesia ...............................................
    Turkey ...................................................
    Netherlands ...........................................
    Korea (South) ........................................
    Italy ........................................................
    Hong Kong ............................................

    717
    650
    620
    607
    562
    536
    518
    491
    424
    414

    287
    311
    17
    246
    127
    94
    66
    138
    216
    48

    277
    85
    20
    153
    27
    149
    2
    101
    48
    249

    46
    5
    164
    21
    26
    23
    48
    47
    28
    62

    24
    69
    24
    120
    12
    26
    17
    9
    81
    3

    16
    9
    6
    3
    9
    3
    12
    -

    67
    171
    395
    61
    370
    241
    376
    193
    39
    52

    Philippines .............................................
    Cambodia ..............................................
    Germany ................................................
    Malaysia ................................................
    Belize .....................................................
    Denmark (DIS) 3 ....................................
    India .......................................................
    Thailand .................................................
    Marshall Islands ....................................
    Honduras ...............................................

    406
    389
    362
    351
    348
    302
    301
    283
    250
    213

    55
    10
    13
    115
    54
    73
    100
    93
    113
    44

    143
    32
    54
    16
    7
    113
    28
    81
    13

    6
    1
    223
    50
    8
    73
    7
    13
    38
    2

    31
    3
    10
    8
    4
    13
    1
    3

    1
    3
    2
    1
    2

    170
    343
    113
    122
    266
    136
    81
    148
    17
    149

    United Kingdom .....................................


    Ukraine ..................................................
    Isle of Man .............................................
    Sweden .................................................
    China, Republic of (Taiwan) ..................
    Brazil .....................................................
    Iran ........................................................
    Vietnam .................................................
    Syria ......................................................
    Netherlands Antilles ..............................

    201
    195
    188
    172
    166
    148
    138
    138
    130
    121

    61
    16
    84
    61
    17
    68
    31
    24
    1
    8

    6
    6
    23
    7
    49
    39
    47
    12
    8
    1

    51
    3
    17
    67
    7
    7
    2
    20

    32
    2
    21
    60
    1
    9
    2
    1
    1
    3

    16
    1

    35
    7 161
    43
    44
    32
    25
    51
    99
    120
    88

    Cayman Islands .....................................


    Portugal (MAR) 3 ...................................
    Egypt .....................................................
    Korea (North) .........................................
    All other .................................................

    119
    108
    104
    100
    2 472

    52
    32
    15
    4
    710

    24
    9
    20
    5
    302

    3
    3
    2
    141

    1
    10
    7
    241

    1
    1
    29

    39
    53
    60
    90
    1 049

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2002.
    1Includes bulk/oil, ore/oil, and ore/bulk/oil carriers.
    2Breakbulk ships, partial containerships, refrigerated cargo ships, barge and specialized cargo ships.
    3International Shipping Registry which is an open registry under which the ship flies the flag of the specified

    - = Quantity zero.

    nation but is exempt from certain taxation and other regulations.

    SECTION 20: TRANSPORTATION

    329

    Table 20-26. Freight Carried on Major U.S. Waterways, 19802001


    (Millions of tons.)
    Waterway

    Atlantic intracoastal waterway ....


    Great Lakes ................................
    Gulf intracoastal waterway .........
    Mississippi River system 1 ..........
    Mississippi River mainstem ....
    Ohio River system 2 ................
    Columbia River ...........................
    Snake River ................................

    1980

    4.0
    183.5
    94.5
    584.2
    441.5
    179.3
    49.2
    5.1

    1985

    1990

    3.1
    148.1
    102.5
    527.8
    384.0
    203.9
    42.4
    3.5

    4.2
    167.1
    115.5
    659.6
    475.6
    260.0
    51.4
    4.8

    1995

    3.5
    177.7
    117.9
    710.1
    520.2
    267.6
    57.1
    6.8

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Main
    2Main

    channels and all tributaries of the Mississippi, Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers.
    channels and all navigable tributaries and embayments of the Ohio, Tennessee, and Cumberland Rivers.

    1997

    3.6
    188.6
    118.1
    707.1
    504.7
    274.9
    52.7
    6.1

    1998

    3.8
    192.2
    113.8
    708.3
    504.4
    278.8
    49.1
    5.8

    1999

    3.4
    182.9
    109.6
    716.9
    512.3
    277.9
    50.7
    5.8

    2000

    3.1
    187.5
    113.8
    715.5
    515.6
    274.4
    55.2
    6.7

    2001

    2.5
    171.4
    112.2
    714.8
    504.2
    281.8
    50.3
    5.6

    SECTION

    21

    COMMUNICATIONS

    332

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 21

    COMMUNICATIONS
    Highlights

    Percentage of Households with Computers and Internet Access,


    by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2001
    100
    Households with computers
    Households with Internet access
    80
    72.7
    68.1

    Percent

    60

    61.1
    55.4
    44.7

    40

    40.0

    38.7

    37.1

    32.0

    30.8
    20

    0
    White

    Black

    American Indian,
    Eskimo, Aleut

    Asian or Pacific Islander

    Hispanic

    Race and Hispanic origin

    Communication systems are regulated primarily by


    the Federal Communications Commission and also by
    the Interstate Commerce Commission. The bulk of the
    regional telephone services are provided by the socalled Baby Bells, but the telecommunications industry
    has been transformed beyond recognition by new communications technology. There is no longer any distinction between local and regional providers and carriers
    and national ones, and all communications companies
    are engaged not only in telephones, but in video,
    Internet, satellites, data transmission, cellulars, interactives and a host of other new services. AT&T continues
    to be the largest communications company, closely followed by MCI (owned by Worldcom) and Sprint. Until
    the 1980s, AT&T was a virtual monopoly, controlling

    virtually all local and interstate facilities and services.


    Through Western Union, it controlled production facilities as well. The number of companies within AT&T
    (known as American Bell Telephone Company until
    1900) varied from time to time. At its peak in 1915/1916,
    it included 39 companies, but subsequent consolidations
    reduced it to 25. At the time of its breakup, it included
    21 totally owned and controlled regional companies
    (AT&T owned 100 percent of the outstanding shares,
    although these companies operated under their own
    names), one subsidiary of one of these regional companies, two companies in which it had substantial minority
    interests (Cincinnati Bell and Southern New England
    Telephone Company), Bell Telephone Laboratories, and
    Western Electric Company.

    SECTION 21: COMMUNICATIONS

    An interesting footnote in the history of U.S. communications is the story of the rise and fall of Western
    Union Telegraph. Founded in 1851 as the New York and
    Mississippi Valley Printing and Telegraph Company, it
    emerged within a few decades as the sole telegraph
    company in the United States. Western Union developed close contractual ties with the railways, constructing telegraph pole lines along railroad rights-of-way and
    using railroad stations and personnel for pickup and
    delivery of telegraph messages. Western Unions most
    serious rival was the Postal Telegraph which was
    acquired in the 1880s by Mackays Commercial Cable
    Company (later IT&T). Postal Telegraph merged with
    the Western Union in 1943, but shortly thereafter telegraph was rendered obsolete by other modern forms of
    communication.

    Another nineteenth century technological breakthrough that became obsolete was the submarine cable.
    The first successful cable linking North America with
    Europe was laid in 1866. The first telegraph rate on
    cable (presumably from New York to London) was $100
    for 100 words. Subsequently, it was reduced, first to $50
    and later to $25. By 1868, the rate had fallen to $15.75
    and by 1885 to $4.00. By 1916, the New York to London
    rate was $.17 cents per word. Radio was not a significant factor in overseas communication until the Radio
    Corporation of America entered the field as successor
    to the Marconi Company, which was the first company
    to utilize and market the invention of wireless.

    Among all forms of communications, federal control has been most effective in radio and television. In
    1912, the Department of Commerce was given authority
    to license radio equipment, operators and broadcast stations, which began operation in 1921. On February 23,
    1927, Congress established the Federal Radio
    Commission; its powers were transferred to the Federal
    Communications Commission (FCC) in 1934.

    Statistics on radio and television are provided in


    the annual reports of the FCC as well as its Statistics of
    the Communications Industry. Unlike the telephone and
    telegraph, radio and television are not common carriers
    (public utilities that are subject to strict government
    supervision) and therefore are not subject to rate or
    earnings regulation. Statistics on radio and television
    broadcasting stations are presented in terms of licensed
    and authorized stations, the former generally referring
    to operating stations. FM radio was authorized as a regular service in 1941; in the same year the first commercial station was licensed. Noncommercial FM is a separate service with a specific spectrum allocation.
    Television was first authorized on a regular commercial
    basis on July 1, 1941, and two stations in New York were
    the first to begin operations. Time series broadcast

    333

    advertising were first developed by L. D. H. Weld of


    McCann-Erickson Advertising Agency and continued
    after his death in 1946 by Hans Zeisel and others.

    The first mail service was started in the Colonies in


    1673 between New York and Boston, a distance of 260
    miles. The trip took two weeks on horseback; much of
    that time was spent waiting for ferries. Mail was not
    inexpensive. At a time when a decent days wage was 50
    cents, a letter from New York to Philadelphia cost $3.50,
    and from New York to Williamsburg, Virginia, $11.50.
    The first postage rates were fixed by the Continental
    Congress in 1782. In the early days the recipient rather
    than the sender paid the postage. In 1847, postage
    stamps were introduced, and in 1885, compulsory prepayment for all domestic letter mail was established.
    Postcards were introduced in 1898. It was not until 1863
    that mail was divided into classes. Local rates were
    often improvised because no one knew for sure how
    much it cost to transport mail. The first letter rate on
    the Pony Express (which operated between Missouri
    and California during 1860 and 1861) was $5 for a half
    ounce; it was later reduced to $2 and then $1. Rates
    continued to fall well into the twentieth century, reaching their lowest in 1928 and 1946 when a first-class
    postage stamp cost only 5 cents. Postage rates have
    been rising since then, while telephone rates have done
    the opposite. In 1915, it cost $20.70 to call New York
    from San Francisco, but only 5 cents to mail a letter; in
    1999, it cost only 7 cents for the same long distance call
    (for one minute), but 33 cents to mail a letter.

    Since 1970, contrary to popular perceptions and


    prejudices against snail mail, the U.S. Postal Service
    has become one of the most efficient and productive
    businesses in the nation. Although the number of post
    offices is down from 30,754 in 1975 to 27,791 in 2002,
    the number of pieces of mail handled grew from 89.3
    billion to 202.8 billion, the number of employees from
    667,000 to 854,000, and operating revenues from
    $19.253 billion to $66.463 billion during the same period.

    A book has never been properly defined, but


    according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific,
    and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) it is any printed
    and bound publication longer than 49 pages that is not
    a periodical. Book publishing statistics, compiled from a
    number of sources, are not strictly comparable over
    time and may vary depending on what is included as
    well as what is excluded. The legal requirement of copyright and deposit of copies with the Library of Congress
    ensures that the publication of the vast majority of
    books is documented. The International Standard Book
    Number (ISBN) system also has the same effect,
    although compliance is voluntary.

    334

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    In 2001, book publishers employed 89,700 paid


    employees, with an annual payroll of $4,803 million. The
    book title output, the most important industry indicator,
    has increased from 46,738 in 1990 to 96,080 in 2000. The
    subjects with most titles are sociology and economics
    (12,039), fiction (11,808), science (7,140), history (6,948),
    religion (5,086), and medicine (4,817). Average hardcover prices have gone up from $24.64 in 1980 to $60.80 in
    2000 and trade paperback prices from $8.60 to $29.48.

    10
    Slightly different trends are found in the newspaper and periodical publishing industry. The number of
    daily newspapers declined from 1,744 in 1980 to 1,507 in
    2000, although the number of periodicals increased
    from 10,236 to 13,846 during the same period. Fewer
    people read newspapers in 2002 than in 1970. Total circulation of dailies has fallen from 62.1 million to 55.2
    million during this period. In per capita terms, the circulation has fallen from 0.30 to 0.19. Per capita circulation
    is highest in Virginia (0.43) and lowest in Maryland and
    Georgia (0.11).

    11

    Total advertising expenditures in all media were


    $237.4 billion in 2002. The share of each medium is
    determined by the nature of the special audience that is
    being addressed. The highest is television at 24.3 percent, followed by direct mail (19.3 percent), newspapers
    (18.7 percent), radio (8.0 percent), the Yellow Pages
    (5.8 percent), magazines (4.6 percent), and business
    papers (1.8 percent).

    12
    The total value of recording media shipments
    (including CDs, cassettes, and albums) was $12.614 billion in 2002, down from $14.585 billion in 1999.

    13
    Deregulation of the telecommunications industry has encouraged competition. In 2002, there were
    5,364 service providers (including 2,905 local service
    providers) and the gross sectoral revenue had grown to
    $294.4 billion. That same year, there were 253 million
    access lines handling 515 billion local calls and 98 billion toll calls. International calls numbered 6.265 billion.
    The telecommunications industry had operating revenues in 2001 of $264.1 billion and operating expenses
    of $232.9 billion leaving, a net revenue of $31.121 billion.

    14
    There were 2,481 cellular telephone systems
    with 140.8 million subscribers in 2002.
    15
    The United States is fast approaching total saturation in the utilization of all media. In 2001, access to
    telephones was 94.6 percent, radio 99.0 percent, and television 98.2 percent. Cable is behind at 68.0 percent,
    computers 56.5 percent, and Internet access 50.5 percent.

    SECTION 21: COMMUNICATIONS

    335

    Table 21-1Series R 93-105. Radio and Television Stations, Sets Produced, and Households with
    Sets, 19212001
    (Number, as of June 30, except as noted.)
    Operation broadcast stations 1
    Year

    Standard broadcast
    (AM)

    Frequency
    modulation (FM),
    commercial

    Cable television

    Television (TV),
    commercial

    Households with

    Total subscribers
    (households, in
    thousands)

    Systems

    Radio sets
    (thousands)

    Television sets
    (thousands)

    2001 ......................................................

    4 727

    6 051

    1 309

    9 926

    73 000

    ...

    102 000

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4 685
    4 783
    4 793
    4 762
    4 857
    4 909
    4 913
    4 994
    4 961
    4 985

    5 892
    5 766
    5 662
    5 542
    5 419
    5 296
    5 109
    4 971
    4 785
    4 570

    1 288
    1 243
    1 221
    1 195
    1 174
    1 161
    1 145
    1 137
    1 118
    1 099

    10 243
    10 700
    10 845
    10 950
    11 119
    11 218
    11 214
    11 217
    11 075
    10 704

    69 300
    68 500
    67 000
    65 900
    64 600
    63 000
    60 500
    58 800
    57 200
    55 800

    ...
    ...
    ...
    98 000
    98 000
    98 000
    98 000
    97 300
    96 600
    65 500

    101 000
    99 000
    98 000
    97 000
    96 000
    95 000
    94 000
    93 000
    92 000
    93 000

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4 987
    4 975
    4 932
    4 902
    4 863
    4 718
    4 754
    4 733
    4 668
    4 634

    4 392
    4 269
    4 155
    4 041
    3 944
    3 875
    3 716
    3 527
    3 380
    3 349

    1 092
    1 061
    1 028
    968
    919
    883
    841
    813
    777
    756

    9 575
    ...
    8 500
    7 900
    7 600
    6 644
    6 200
    5 600
    4 825
    4 375

    54 900
    47 800
    43 800
    41 000
    37 500
    31 300
    30 000
    25 000
    21 000
    18 300

    94 400
    92 800
    91 100
    89 900
    88 100
    87 100
    86 700
    ...
    ...
    ...

    92 000
    90 000
    89 000
    87 000
    86 000
    85 000
    84 000
    83 300
    81 500
    79 900

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4 589
    4 511
    4 459
    4 474
    ...
    4 463
    4 305
    4 295
    4 273
    4 250

    3 282
    3 036
    2 922
    3 007
    ...
    2 767
    2 413
    2 278
    2 229
    2 122

    734
    723
    714
    697
    701
    706
    694
    692
    690
    688

    4 225
    4 150
    3 875
    3 832
    3 681
    3 506
    3 158
    2 991
    2 841
    2 639

    15 500
    14 100
    13 000
    11 900
    10 800
    9 800
    8 700
    7 300
    6 000
    5 300

    78 600
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    71 400
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    76 000
    74 500
    72 900
    71 200
    69 600
    69 000
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1970 ......................................................
    1970 2, 3 .................................................
    1969 ......................................................
    1968 ......................................................
    1967 ......................................................
    1966 ......................................................
    1965 ......................................................
    1964 ......................................................
    1963 ......................................................
    1962 ......................................................
    1961 ......................................................

    4 288
    ...
    4 254
    4 203
    4 135
    4 075
    4 025
    3 976
    3 860
    3 745
    3 602

    2 126
    ...
    2 018
    1 850
    1 708
    1 515
    1 343
    1 181
    1 120
    1 012
    889

    691
    ...
    680
    655
    626
    613
    589
    582
    581
    571
    553

    2 490
    ...
    2 260
    2 000
    1 770
    1 570
    1 325
    1 200
    1 000
    800
    700

    4 500
    ...
    3 600
    2 800
    2 100
    1 575
    1 275
    1 085
    950
    850
    725

    62 000
    108
    60 600
    58 500
    57 500
    57 000
    55 200
    54 000
    52 300
    51 305
    50 695

    59 550
    60 594
    58 250
    56 670
    55 130
    53 850
    52 700
    51 600
    50 300
    48 855
    47 200

    1960* .....................................................
    1960 2 ....................................................
    1959 ......................................................
    1958 ......................................................
    1957 ......................................................
    1956 ......................................................
    1955 ......................................................
    1954 ......................................................
    1953 ......................................................
    1952 ......................................................
    1951 ......................................................

    3 483
    ...
    3 377
    3 253
    3 079
    2 896
    2 732
    2 583
    2 458
    2 355
    2 281

    741
    ...
    622
    548
    530
    530
    540
    553
    580
    629
    649

    579
    ...
    566
    556
    519
    496
    458
    402
    198
    108
    107

    640
    ...
    560
    525
    500
    450
    400
    300
    150
    70
    ...

    650
    ...
    550
    450
    350
    300
    150
    65
    30
    14
    ...

    50 193
    48 504
    *49 450
    48 500
    47 600
    46 800
    45 900
    45 100
    44 800
    42 800
    41 900

    45 750
    46 312
    *43 950
    41 924
    38 900
    34 900
    30 700
    26 000
    20 400
    15 300
    10 320

    1950 ......................................................
    1950 2 ....................................................
    1949 ......................................................
    1948 ......................................................
    1947 ......................................................
    1946 ......................................................
    1945 ......................................................
    1944 ......................................................
    1943 ......................................................
    1942 4 ....................................................
    1941 ......................................................

    2 144
    ...
    2 066
    2 034
    1 795
    1 215
    955
    924
    912
    925
    897

    691
    ...
    737
    1 020
    918
    511
    53
    52
    48
    42
    49

    104
    ...
    69
    108
    66
    30
    9
    9
    8
    10
    2

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    40 700
    40 411
    39 300
    37 623
    35 900
    33 998
    33 100
    32 500
    30 800
    30 600
    29 300

    3 875
    5 030
    940
    172
    14
    8
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1Includes

    246

    Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam and Virgin Islands for all years. Prior to 1948, the FCC did not keep records on the number of stations on the air. Therefore, data for 19331948
    are for authorized stations and may include a number that were actually not on the air.

    2Census figures, as of April 1.


    3In 1970 census of housing, only battery-operated radios were enumerated.
    4Authorization of new radio stations and production of radio receivers for commercial

    . . . = Not available.
    * = First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    use halted from April 1942 until October 1945.

    336

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 21-1Series R 93-105. Radio and Television Stations, Sets Produced, and Households with
    Sets, 19212001Continued
    (Number, as of June 30, except as noted.)
    Operation broadcast stations 1
    Year

    Standard broadcast
    (AM)

    Frequency
    modulation (FM),
    commercial

    Cable television

    Television (TV),
    commercial

    Households with

    Total subscribers
    (households, in
    thousands)

    Systems

    Radio sets
    (thousands)

    Television sets
    (thousands)

    1940 ......................................................
    1940 2 ....................................................
    1939 ......................................................
    1938 ......................................................
    1937 ......................................................
    1936 ......................................................
    1935 ......................................................
    1934 ......................................................
    1933 ......................................................
    1932 ......................................................
    1931 ......................................................

    847
    ...
    778
    743
    704
    656
    623
    593
    598
    604
    612

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    28 500
    28 048
    27 500
    26 667
    24 500
    22 869
    21 456
    20 400
    19 250
    18 450
    16 700

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1930 ......................................................
    1930 2 ....................................................
    1929 ......................................................
    1928 ......................................................
    1927 ......................................................
    1926 ......................................................
    1925 ......................................................
    1924 ......................................................
    1923 ......................................................
    1922 ......................................................
    1921 5 ....................................................

    618
    ...
    606
    677
    681
    528
    571
    530
    556
    30
    1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    13 750
    12 049
    10 250
    8 000
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes

    Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam and Virgin Islands for all years. Prior to 1948, the FCC did not keep records on the number of stations on the air. Therefore, data for 19331948
    are for authorized stations and may include a number that were actually not on the air.

    2Census figures, as of April 1.


    5First station to receive regular

    . . . = Not available.

    license as of September 15; other stations in operation experimentally.

    SECTION 21: COMMUNICATIONS

    337

    Table 21-2. Recording MediaManufacturers Shipments and Value, 19822003


    (Number in millions, dollars in millions.)
    Medium

    1982

    1985

    1990

    1993

    1994

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    2003

    UNIT SHIPMENTS 1
    Total ..................................................
    CD ......................................................
    CD single ...........................................
    Cassette .............................................
    Cassette single ..................................
    LP/ EP ................................................
    Vinyl single .........................................
    Music video ........................................
    DVD audio .........................................
    SACD .................................................
    DVD video ..........................................

    577.4
    ...
    ...
    182.3
    ...
    243.9
    137.2
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    653.0
    22.6
    ...
    339.1
    ...
    167.0
    120.7
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    865.7
    286.5
    1.1
    442.2
    87.4
    11.7
    27.6
    9.2
    ...
    ...
    ...

    955.6
    495.4
    7.8
    339.5
    85.6
    1.2
    15.1
    11.0
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 122.7
    662.1
    9.3
    345.4
    81.1
    1.9
    11.7
    11.2
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 112.7
    722.9
    21.5
    272.6
    70.7
    2.2
    10.2
    12.6
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 137.2
    778.9
    43.2
    225.3
    59.9
    2.9
    10.1
    16.9
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 063.4
    753.1
    66.7
    172.6
    42.2
    2.7
    7.5
    18.6
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 123.9
    847.0
    56.0
    158.5
    26.4
    3.4
    5.4
    27.2
    ...
    ...
    0.5

    1 160.6
    938.9
    55.9
    123.6
    14.2
    2.9
    5.3
    19.8
    ...
    ...
    2.5

    1 079.2
    942.5
    34.2
    76.0
    1.3
    2.2
    4.8
    18.2
    ...
    ...
    3.3

    968.5
    881.9
    17.3
    45.0
    -1.5
    2.3
    5.5
    17.7
    0.3
    ...
    7.9

    859.7
    803.3
    4.5
    31.1
    -0.5
    1.7
    4.4
    14.7
    0.4
    ...
    10.7

    798.4
    745.9
    8.3
    17.2
    ...
    1.5
    3.8
    19.9
    0.4
    1.3
    17.5

    3 641.6
    ...
    ...
    1 384.5
    ...
    1 925.1
    283.0
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4 378.8
    389.5
    ...
    2 411.5
    ...
    1 280.5
    281.0
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    7 541.1
    3 451.6
    6.0
    3 472.4
    257.9
    86.5
    94.4
    172.3
    ...
    ...
    ...

    10 046.6
    6 511.4
    45.8
    2 915.8
    298.5
    10.6
    51.2
    213.3
    ...
    ...
    ...

    12 068.0
    8 464.5
    56.1
    2 976.4
    274.9
    17.8
    47.2
    231.1
    ...
    ...
    ...

    12 320.3
    9 377.4
    110.9
    2 303.6
    236.3
    25.1
    46.7
    220.3
    ...
    ...
    ...

    12 533.8
    9 934.7
    184.1
    1 905.3
    189.3
    36.8
    47.5
    236.1
    ...
    ...
    ...

    12 236.8
    9 915.1
    272.7
    1 522.7
    133.5
    33.3
    35.6
    323.9
    ...
    ...
    ...

    13 711.2
    11 416.0
    213.2
    1 419.9
    94.4
    34.0
    25.7
    508.0
    ...
    ...
    12.2

    14 584.7
    12 816.3
    222.4
    1 061.6
    48.0
    31.8
    27.9
    376.7
    ...
    ...
    66.3

    14 323.7
    13 214.5
    142.7
    626.0
    4.6
    27.7
    26.3
    281.9
    ...
    ...
    80.3

    13 740.9
    12 909.4
    79.4
    363.4
    -5.3
    27.4
    31.4
    329.2
    6.0
    ...
    190.7

    12 614.2
    12 044.1
    19.6
    209.8
    -1.6
    20.5
    24.9
    288.4
    8.5
    ...
    236.3

    11 854.4
    11 232.9
    35.9
    108.1
    ...
    21.7
    21.5
    399.9
    8.0
    26.3
    369.6

    VALUE
    Total ..................................................
    CD ......................................................
    CD single ...........................................
    Cassette .............................................
    Cassette single ..................................
    LP/ EP ................................................
    Vinyl single .........................................
    Music video ........................................
    DVD audio .........................................
    SACD .................................................
    DVD video ..........................................

    Source: Recording Industry Association of America, Washington, DC. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Net units, after returns.
    . . . = Not available.

    338

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 21-3Series R 163-171. Postal ServicePost Offices, Revenues, Expenditures, and Pieces of
    Mail Handled, 17892002
    (Number; thousands of dollars; for years ending June 30; includes Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico.)
    Revenues 2
    (thousands of dollars)

    Post offices 1

    Year

    Expenditures 2
    (thousands of dollars)

    Pieces of mail handled


    (thousands)

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    27 791
    27 876

    66 463 000
    65 834 000

    65 234 000
    65 640 000

    202 822 000


    207 463 000

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    27 876
    27 893
    38 159
    38 019
    38 212
    28 392
    28 657
    28 728
    28 837
    28 912

    64 540 000
    62 755 000
    60 116 000
    58 331 000
    56 544 000
    54 509 000
    49 576 000
    47 986 000
    47 105 000
    44 202 000

    62 992 000
    60 642 000
    57 786 000
    54 873 000
    53 113 000
    50 730 000
    48 455 000
    46 322 000
    45 653 000
    43 291 000

    207 882 000


    201 644 000
    196 905 000
    190 888 000
    183 440 000
    180 734 000
    177 100 000
    171 200 000
    166 400 000
    165 900 000

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    28 959
    29 083
    29 203
    29 319
    29 344
    29 557
    29 750
    29 990
    30 155
    30 242

    40 074 000
    38 920 000
    35 939 000
    32 297 000
    31 021 000
    28 956 000
    26 474 000
    24 699 000
    23 628 000
    20 781 000

    40 490 000
    38 370 000
    36 119 000
    32 520 000
    30 716 000
    29 207 000
    26 357 000
    24 083 000
    22 826 000
    21 369 000

    166 300 000


    161 600 000
    161 000 000
    153 900 000
    147 400 000
    140 100 000
    131 500 000
    119 400 000
    114 000 000
    110 100 000

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    30 326
    30 449
    30 518
    30 521
    30 521
    30 754
    31 000
    31 385
    31 686
    31 947

    19 253 000
    17 999 000
    15 841 000
    14 622 000
    12 747 000
    11 590 000
    10 857 000
    9 913 000
    9 347 000
    8 751 000

    19 413 000
    17 529 000
    16 220 000
    15 310 000
    13 923 000
    12 578 000
    11 295 000
    9 926 000
    9 522 000
    8 955 000

    106 300 000


    99 800 000
    98 900 000
    92 200 000
    89 800 000
    89 300 000
    90 100 000
    89 700 000
    87 200 000
    87 000 000

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    32 002
    32 064
    32 260
    32 626
    33 121
    33 624
    34 040
    34 498
    34 797
    34 955

    7 701 695
    7 025 898
    6 423 515
    5 101 982
    4 784 186
    4 483 390
    4 276 123
    3 879 128
    3 557 041
    3 423 059

    7 867 269
    7 168 489
    6 543 920
    6 249 027
    5 726 523
    5 275 840
    4 927 825
    4 698 528
    4 331 617
    4 249 414

    84 881 833
    82 004 501
    79 516 731
    78 366 572
    75 607 302
    71 873 166
    69 676 477
    67 852 738
    66 493 190
    64 932 859

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    35 238
    35 750
    36 308
    37 012
    37 515
    38 316
    39 405
    40 609
    40 919
    41 193

    3 276 588
    3 035 232
    2 550 221
    2 496 614
    2 419 354
    2 349 477
    2 268 517
    2 091 714
    1 947 316
    1 776 816

    3 873 953
    3 640 368
    3 440 810
    3 044 438
    2 883 305
    2 712 150
    2 667 664
    2 742 126
    2 666 860
    2 341 399

    63 674 604
    61 247 220
    60 129 911
    59 077 633
    56 441 216
    55 233 564
    52 213 170
    50 948 156
    49 905 875
    46 908 410

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    41 464
    41 607
    41 695
    41 760
    41 751
    41 792
    42 161
    42 654
    43 358
    43 739

    1 677 487
    1 571 851
    1 410 971
    1 299 141
    1 224 572
    1 314 240
    1 112 877
    966 227
    859 817
    812 828

    2 222 949
    2 149 322
    1 687 805
    1 504 799
    1 353 654
    1 145 002
    1 068 987
    952 529
    873 950
    836 859

    45 063 737
    43 555 108
    40 280 374
    37 427 706
    36 318 158
    37 912 067
    34 930 685
    32 818 262
    30 117 633
    29 235 791

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    44 024
    44 327
    44 586
    44 877
    45 230
    45 686
    46 506
    47 641
    48 159
    48 733

    766 949
    745 955
    728 634
    726 201
    665 343
    630 795
    586 733
    587 631
    588 172
    656 463

    807 629
    784 550
    772 308
    772 743
    753 616
    696 503
    630 733
    699 887
    793 684
    802 485

    27 749 467
    26 444 846
    26 041 979
    25 801 279
    23 571 315
    22 331 752
    20 625 827
    19 868 456
    24 306 744
    26 544 352

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    49 063
    49 482
    49 944
    50 266
    50 601
    50 957
    51 266
    51 613
    51 950
    52 168

    705 484
    696 948
    693 634
    683 122
    659 820
    599 591
    572 949
    532 828
    484 854
    463 491

    803 667
    782 344
    725 700
    714 577
    679 704
    639 282
    587 377
    556 851
    545 644
    620 994

    27 887 823
    27 951 548
    26 837 005
    26 686 556
    25 483 529
    ...
    ...
    23 054 832
    ...
    ...

    1Excludes branches and stations.


    2Accounting basis changed from cash

    . . . = Not available.

    to accrual basis in 1954; from accrual basis to accrued cost basis in 1963.

    SECTION 21: COMMUNICATIONS

    339

    Table 21-3Series R 163-171. Postal ServicePost Offices, Revenues, Expenditures, and Pieces of
    Mail Handled, 17892002Continued
    (Number; thousands of dollars; for years ending June 30; includes Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico.)
    Year

    Revenues 2
    (thousands of dollars)

    Post offices 1

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    52 641
    53 084
    54 347
    55 414
    55 935
    56 380
    56 810
    58 020
    58 729
    59 237

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    Expenditures 2
    (thousands of dollars)

    Pieces of mail handled


    (thousands)

    437 150
    239
    976
    329 726
    312 058
    287 248
    287 935
    266 620
    246 744
    237 880

    454 323
    362 498
    324 834
    319 839
    306 204
    298 546
    283 544
    262 068
    248 525
    237 649

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    18 567 445
    17 588 659
    16 900 552

    59 580
    60 144
    60 704
    62 658
    65 600
    68 131
    71 131
    74 169
    75 924
    76 945

    224 129
    203 562
    191 479
    183 585
    167 933
    152 827
    143 582
    134 224
    121 848
    111 631

    229 977
    221 004
    208 352
    190 238
    178 450
    167 399
    152 362
    138 784
    124 786
    115 555

    14 850 102
    14 004 577
    13 364 069
    12 255 666
    11 361 091
    10 187 506
    9 502 460
    8 887 467
    8 085 447
    7 424 390

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    76 688
    75 000
    73 570
    71 022
    70 360
    70 064
    69 805
    68 403
    67 119
    64 329

    102 354
    95 021
    89 013
    82 665
    82 499
    76 983
    75 080
    75 897
    70 930
    65 932

    107 740
    101 632
    98 054
    94 077
    90 933
    87 180
    84 994
    81 582
    76 981
    73 060

    7 129 990
    6 576 310
    6 214 447
    5 781 002
    5 693 719
    5 134 281
    4 919 090
    5 021 841
    4 776 575
    4 369 900

    1890
    1889
    1888
    1887
    1886
    1885
    1884
    1883
    1882
    1881

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    62 401
    58 999
    57 376
    55 157
    53 614
    51 252
    48 434
    46 820
    46 231
    44 512

    60 882
    56 176
    52 695
    48 838
    43 948
    42 561
    43 326
    45 509
    41 876
    36 785

    66 260
    62 317
    56 458
    53 006
    51 005
    50 046
    47 225
    43 283
    40 482
    39 593

    4 005 408
    3 860 200
    3 576 100
    3 495 100
    3 747 000
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1880
    1879
    1878
    1877
    1876
    1875
    1874
    1873
    1872
    1871

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    42 989
    40 588
    38 253
    37 345
    36 383
    35 547
    34 294
    33 244
    31 863
    30 345

    33 315
    30 042
    29 278
    27 532
    28 644
    26 791
    26 471
    22 997
    21 915
    20 037

    36 543
    33 450
    34 165
    33 486
    33 263
    33 611
    32 126
    29 085
    26 658
    24 390

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1870
    1869
    1868
    1867
    1866
    1865
    1864
    1863
    1862
    1861

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    28 492
    27 106
    26 481
    25 163
    29 389
    28 882
    28 878
    29 047
    28 875
    28 586

    18 880
    17 314
    16 292
    15 237
    14 387
    14 556
    12 438
    11 164
    8 300
    8 349

    23 999
    23 698
    22 731
    19 235
    15 352
    13 695
    12 645
    11 314
    11 125
    13 607

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1860
    1859
    1858
    1857
    1856
    1855
    1854
    1853
    1852
    1851

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    28 498
    28 539
    27 977
    26 586
    25 565
    24 410
    23 548
    22 320
    20 910
    19 796

    8 518
    7 968
    7 487
    7 354
    6 921
    6 642
    6 256
    5 241
    5 185
    6 411

    14 875
    15 754
    12 722
    11 508
    10 405
    9 968
    8 577
    7 983
    7 108
    6 278

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1850
    1849
    1848
    1847
    1846
    1845
    1844
    1843
    1842
    1841

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    18 417
    16 749
    16 159
    15 146
    14 601
    14 183
    14 103
    13 814
    13 733
    13 778

    5 500
    4 705
    4 555
    3 880
    3 487
    4 290
    4 237
    4 296
    4 547
    4 408

    5 213
    4 479
    4 327
    3 980
    4 076
    4 321
    4 299
    4 375
    4 628
    4 500

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3436
    3388

    1Excludes branches and stations.


    2Accounting basis changed from cash to accrual basis in 1954; from accrual basis to accrued cost basis in 1963.
    3For 1918 and 1919, includes $44,500,000 and $71,392,000, respectively, war-tax revenue accruing from increased

    . . . = Not available.

    postage.

    340

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 21-3Series R 163-171. Postal ServicePost Offices, Revenues, Expenditures, and Pieces of
    Mail Handled, 17892002Continued
    (Number; thousands of dollars; for years ending June 30; includes Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico.)
    Revenues 2
    (thousands of dollars)

    Post offices 1

    Year

    Expenditures 2
    (thousands of dollars)

    Pieces of mail handled


    (thousands)

    1840
    1839
    1838
    1837
    1836
    1835
    1834
    1833
    1832
    1831

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    13 468
    12 780
    12 519
    11 767
    11 091
    10 770
    10 693
    10 127
    9 205
    8 686

    4 544
    4 485
    4 239
    4 102
    3 408
    2 994
    2 824
    2 617
    2 259
    1 998

    4 718
    4 637
    4 431
    3 288
    2 842
    2 757
    2 911
    2 930
    2 266
    1 936

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1830
    1829
    1828
    1827
    1826
    1825
    1824
    1823
    1822
    1821

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    8 450
    8 004
    7 530
    7 300
    6 150
    5 677
    5 182
    4 043
    4 709
    4 650

    1 851
    1 707
    1 660
    1 525
    1 448
    1 307
    1 198
    1 130
    1 117
    1 059

    1 933
    1 782
    1 690
    1 470
    1 367
    1 229
    1 188
    1 157
    1 168
    1 165

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1820
    1819
    1818
    1817
    1816
    1815
    1814
    1813
    1812
    1811

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4 500
    4 000
    3 618
    3 459
    3 260
    3 000
    2 670
    2 708
    2 610
    2 403

    1 112
    1 205
    1 230
    1 003
    962
    1 043
    730
    703
    649
    587

    1 161
    1 118
    1 036
    917
    804
    748
    727
    631
    540
    499

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1810
    1809
    1808
    1807
    1806
    1805
    1804
    1803
    1802
    1801

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 300
    2 012
    1 944
    1 848
    1 710
    1 558
    1 405
    1 258
    1 114
    1 025

    552
    507
    461
    479
    446
    421
    389
    352
    327
    320

    496
    498
    463
    454
    417
    377
    338
    322
    282
    255

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1800
    1799
    1798
    1797
    1796
    1795
    1794
    1793
    1792
    1791

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    903
    677
    639
    554
    468
    453
    450
    209
    195
    89

    281
    265
    233
    214
    195
    161
    129
    105
    67
    46

    214
    188
    179
    150
    132
    118
    90
    72
    55
    37

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1790 ......................................................
    1789 ......................................................

    75
    75

    38
    48

    32
    48

    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Excludes branches and stations.
    2Accounting basis changed from cash
    4For three months only.

    . . . = Not available.

    to accrual basis in 1954; from accrual basis to accrued cost basis in 1963.

    SECTION 21: COMMUNICATIONS

    341

    Table 21-4Series R 172-187. Postal ServiceVolume of Mail and Employees, 19262002


    (Numbers in millions, except employees in thousands; includes Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico.)
    Year

    Periodicals
    (formerly second class)

    First class 1

    Standard A
    (formerly third class)

    Standard B
    (formerly fourth class)

    Post office employees

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    102 379
    103 656

    9 690
    10 077

    87 231
    89 938

    1 075
    1 093

    854
    891

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    103 526
    101 937
    101 937
    101 434
    99 660
    96 296
    96 296
    92 200
    90 800
    89 817

    10 365
    10 274
    10 317
    10 411
    10 126
    10 194
    10 228
    10 300
    10 300
    10 400

    90 057
    85 662
    82 875
    77 254
    71 626
    71 112
    69 416
    65 773
    62 547
    ...

    1 128
    1 043
    1 023
    988
    949
    936
    872
    744
    764
    ...

    901
    906
    905
    893
    886
    875
    852
    818
    819
    808

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    89 270
    85 826
    82 381
    78 933
    76 252
    72 517
    68 507
    64 320
    62 271
    61 476

    10 680
    10 523
    10 448
    10 324
    10 588
    10 380
    9 522
    9 220
    9 527
    9 956

    63 725
    62 779
    81 970
    59 734
    55 049
    52 170
    48 249
    40 735
    36 719
    33 607

    663
    626
    649
    615
    602
    576
    599
    568
    597
    590

    843
    817
    824
    791
    785
    744
    702
    679
    675
    670

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    60 276
    57 976
    56 020
    53 668
    52 459
    52 482
    52 929
    52 291
    50 293
    51 493

    10 220
    8 400
    8 691
    8 673
    8 899
    9 713
    8 838
    9 034
    9 494
    9 604

    30 381
    27 513
    26 330
    24 050
    22 514
    21 867
    22 537
    22 689
    21 908
    20 532

    633
    614
    691
    762
    759
    801
    859
    893
    914
    968

    667
    663
    656
    655
    679
    702
    710
    701
    706
    729

    1970 ......................................................
    1969 2 ....................................................
    1968 ......................................................
    1967 ......................................................
    1966 ......................................................
    1965 ......................................................
    1964 ......................................................
    1963 ......................................................
    1962 ......................................................
    1961 ......................................................

    48 640
    46 411
    43 183
    41 998
    40 422
    38 068
    36 943
    35 833
    35 333
    34 289

    9 351
    9 206
    8 907
    8 711
    8 634
    8 600
    8 559
    8 227
    8 090
    7 966

    19 974
    19 622
    20 665
    20 985
    20 305
    19 454
    18 599
    18 407
    17 837
    17 569

    977
    1 031
    1 039
    1 070
    1 066
    1 045
    1 066
    1 076
    1 024
    978

    741
    739
    731
    717
    675
    596
    585
    587
    588
    582

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    33 235
    32 274
    32 218
    31 561
    30 078
    28 713
    27 085
    27 257
    26 502
    25 578

    7 535
    7 099
    7 148
    6 888
    6 915
    6 740
    6 483
    6 762
    6 956
    6 520

    17 910
    16 978
    15 849
    15 702
    14 676
    15 050
    13 866
    12 004
    11 630
    10 534

    1 016
    1 038
    1 170
    1 184
    1 173
    1 136
    1 195
    1 245
    1 257
    1 235

    563
    550
    538
    521
    509
    512
    507
    507
    524
    498

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    24 500
    23 206
    21 948
    20 665
    20 059
    21 009
    20 510
    ...
    16 972
    15 989

    6 265
    6 987
    6 344
    6 124
    5 832
    5 522
    4 635
    ...
    4 571
    4 607

    10 343
    9 389
    8 188
    6 803
    6 055
    5 446
    4 409
    ...
    5 435
    6 075

    1 179
    1 209
    1 143
    1 067
    994
    1 028
    961
    ...
    779
    738

    501
    518
    503
    471
    487
    436
    390
    374
    360
    361

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    15 224
    14 657
    14 226
    13 882
    12 731
    12 498
    11 557
    10 878
    14 598
    15 824

    4 577
    4 310
    4 377
    4 529
    4 353
    4 138
    3 956
    3 869
    4 552
    4 857

    5 556
    5 181
    5 272
    5 356
    4 674
    4 030
    3 612
    3 753
    3 641
    4 100

    712
    693
    670
    685
    618
    573
    531
    530
    617
    766

    353
    349
    345
    332
    324
    309
    314
    322
    333
    339

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    16 901
    17 170
    16 706
    16 284
    15 266

    4 968
    4 834
    4 678
    4 753
    4 658

    4 325
    4 341
    3 838
    4 062
    3 962

    837
    770
    752
    743
    770

    340
    340
    337
    332
    329

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1For 19261929, domestic airmail included with first class mail. Includes airmail from 1971. Data for 1980 includes
    2In fiscal year 1969, the department changed from a fully distributed cost system to an attributable cost system.

    . . . = Not available.

    penalty and franked mail, not shown separately.

    342

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 21-5Series R 188-190. Postal Rates for First-Class Mail, Letters and Postal Cards, 18632002
    (Dollars. First-class mail as a mail category not officially established until 1863. Ship and steamboat letters, 17921863, carried special rates.)
    Year of rate change

    Letters, nonlocal

    Postal cards

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    0.37
    0.34

    0.23
    0.20

    1999 ......................................................
    1995 ......................................................
    1991 ......................................................

    0.33
    0.32
    0.29 per oz.

    0.20
    0.20
    0.19

    1988 ......................................................
    1985 ......................................................
    1982 1 ....................................................
    1981 ......................................................

    0.25 per oz.


    0.22 per oz.
    0.20 per oz.
    0.18 per oz.

    0.15
    0.14
    0.13
    0.12

    1978 ......................................................
    1975 (Dec. 31) .......................................
    1975 (Sept. 14) ......................................
    1974 ......................................................
    1971 ......................................................

    0.15 per oz.


    0.13 per oz.
    0.10 per oz.
    0.10 per oz.
    0.08 per oz.

    0.10
    0.09
    0.07
    0.08
    0.06

    19681970 ............................................
    1963 ......................................................
    1953 (Aug. 1) .........................................
    1952 ......................................................

    0.06 per oz.


    0.05 per oz.
    0.04 per oz.
    0.03 per oz.

    0.05
    0.04
    0.03
    0.02

    1940
    1932
    1919
    1917

    ( 2)
    0.03 per oz.
    0.02 per oz.
    0.03 per oz.

    ( 2)
    0.01
    0.01
    0.02

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1885 ......................................................
    1883 ......................................................
    1872 ......................................................
    1863 4 ....................................................

    0.02 per oz.


    0.02 per 1/2 oz.
    0.03 per 1/2 oz.
    0.03 per 1/2 oz.

    0.01
    0.01

    30.01

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1From November 1981.
    2The 1940 rate change provided

    that the three-cent letter rate was not to apply to first-class matter for local delivery or for delivery within a county with a population of more than 1 million people
    if it was entirely within a corporate city.

    3Government postal cards first authorized in 1872.


    4A uniform rate regardless of distance, a free city delivery

    service, and a letter unit of 1/2 ounce instead of the former "single letter" were inaugurated.

    Table 21-6. Newspaper, Periodical, Database, and Directory PublishersEstimated Revenue, Printing
    Expenses, and Inventories, 19992001
    (Dollars in millions.)
    Newspaper publishers
    (NAICS 51111)

    Item
    1999

    2000

    Periodical publisher
    (NAICS 51112)
    2001

    1999

    2000

    Database and directory publishers


    (NAICS 51114)
    2001

    1999

    2000

    2001

    Revenue 1 .............................................
    Print .......................................................
    Subscription and sales ......................
    Advertising .........................................
    Internet ..................................................
    Subscription and sales ......................
    Advertising .........................................
    Contract printing ....................................
    Distribution of flyers, inserts, etc. ..........
    Graphic design services ........................
    Sales or licensing of rights of content ....
    Rental or sales of mailing lists ...............
    Publishing services for others ...............

    48 414
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    51 507
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    47 277
    42 367
    9 394
    32 973
    433
    ...
    324
    1 788
    977
    42
    75
    14
    12

    37 901
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    39 834
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    39 266
    31 714
    13 816
    17 898
    1 150
    856
    293
    934
    110
    44
    231
    161
    369

    15 433
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    16 657
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    17 469
    11 730
    594
    11 136
    1 010
    603
    407
    144
    ...
    ...
    121
    1 253
    31

    Expenses: Purchased Printing ..........

    3 427

    3 352

    3 121

    4 287

    4 981

    4 426

    1 198

    1 112

    1 238

    Inventories at End of Year ..................


    Finished goods and work-in-process .....
    Materials, supplies, fuel, etc. .................

    737
    43
    694

    786
    51
    736

    748
    63
    685

    1 258
    877
    381

    1 340
    879
    462

    1 185
    773
    413

    408
    383
    ...

    398
    370
    ...

    376
    355
    22

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes other sources of revenue, not shown separately.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 21: COMMUNICATIONS

    343

    Table 21-7. Book PublishersEstimated Revenue, Printing Expenses, and Inventories, 19982001
    (Dollars in millions.)
    Item

    1998

    Revenue, Total ..........................................................


    Books, print, total ........................................................
    Books, Internet, total ...................................................
    Books, other media, total ............................................
    Sale or licensing of rights to content ...........................
    Contract printing services ...........................................
    Fulfillment services .....................................................
    Publishing services for others .....................................
    Other services revenue ...............................................

    1999

    22 480
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2000

    2001

    24 129
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    25 236
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    26 096
    21 310
    1 503
    829
    303
    188
    143
    39
    1 772

    Expenses: Purchased Printing ................................

    3 908

    4 104

    4 229

    4 212

    Inventories at End of Year ........................................


    Finished goods and work-in-process ..........................
    Materials, supplies, fuel, etc ........................................

    2 737
    2 510
    227

    2 984
    2 723
    261

    3 463
    3 200
    263

    4 092
    3 889
    203

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    . . . = Not available.

    Table 21-8. Telephone Systems, 19852001


    Item

    1985

    1990

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001 1

    Local Exchange Carriers 2


    Carriers (number) 3 ......................................................................................
    Access lines (millions) .................................................................................
    Business access lines (millions) ..............................................................
    Residential access lines (millions) ...........................................................
    Other access lines (public, mobile, special) (millions) .............................
    Number of local calls (originating) (billions) .................................................
    Number of toll calls (originating) (billions) ...................................................
    Gross book cost of plant (billions of dollars) ................................................
    Depreciation and amortization reserves (billions of dollars) ........................
    Netplant (billions of dollars) .........................................................................
    Total assets (billions of dollars) ...................................................................
    Total stockholders equity (billions of dollars) ...............................................
    Operating revenues (billions of dollars) .......................................................
    Local revenues (billions of dollars) ..........................................................
    Operating expenses (billions of dollars) 4 ....................................................
    Net operating income (billions of dollars) 5 ..................................................
    Net income (billions of dollars) ....................................................................
    Employees (thousands) ...............................................................................
    Compensation of employees (billions of dollars) .........................................
    Average monthly residential local telephone rate (dollars) 6 .......................
    Average monthly single-line business telephone rate (dollars) 6 .................

    55
    112
    31
    79
    2
    365
    ...
    191
    49
    142
    162
    63
    73
    32
    48
    13
    9
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    51
    130
    36
    89
    6
    402
    63
    240
    89
    151
    180
    74
    84
    37
    62
    14
    11
    569
    23
    19
    41

    53
    166
    46
    101
    19
    484
    94
    284
    127
    157
    197
    72
    96
    46
    72
    14
    11
    447
    21
    20
    42

    51
    178
    49
    104
    25
    504
    95
    296
    138
    158
    198
    74
    101
    50
    74
    16
    13
    437
    23
    20
    42

    51
    194
    53
    108
    33
    522
    101
    309
    149
    160
    198
    72
    103
    52
    75
    16
    12
    435
    22
    20
    42

    52
    205
    57
    110
    38
    544
    97
    325
    163
    161
    200
    70
    108
    55
    78
    18
    12
    436
    23
    20
    41

    52
    228
    57
    115
    55
    554
    102
    342
    176
    166
    204
    67
    113
    58
    79
    20
    13
    436
    24
    20
    41

    52
    245
    58
    115
    72
    537
    106
    362
    190
    172
    214
    72
    117
    60
    81
    20
    15
    434
    24
    21
    42

    30
    253
    54
    112
    87
    515
    98
    360
    194
    166
    208
    66
    109
    55
    77
    19
    11
    386
    23
    22
    42

    Long Distance Carriers


    Number of carriers with presubscribed lines (number) ................................
    Number of presubscribed lines (millions) ....................................................
    Total toll service revenues (billions of dollars) .............................................
    Interstate switched access minutes (billions of minutes) .............................

    ...
    ...
    43
    167

    325
    132
    52
    307

    583
    153
    74
    432

    621
    159
    82
    468

    ...
    ...
    89
    497

    ...
    ...
    94
    519

    ...
    ...
    99
    553

    ...
    ...
    101
    568

    ...
    ...
    91
    540

    425
    3 446
    3 487

    984
    8 030
    8 059

    2 830
    15 889
    14 335

    3 520
    19 325
    14 598

    4 259
    22 753
    15 662

    4 477
    24 250
    14 726

    5 305
    28 515
    14 980

    5 742
    30 135
    14 909

    6 265
    33 287
    11 386

    2 332
    172
    ...

    5 188
    201
    167

    9 397
    514
    1 756

    8 939
    661
    3 637

    10 232
    851
    4 112

    10 242
    921
    4 798

    10 379
    1 216
    4 528

    10 982
    1 480
    7 600

    8 040
    1 417
    5 414

    International Telephone Service 7


    Number of U.S. billed calls (millions) ...........................................................
    Number of U.S. billed minutes (millions) .....................................................
    U.S. billed revenues (millions of dollars) .....................................................
    U.S. carrier revenue net of settlements with foreign carriers (millions of
    dollars) ...................................................................................................
    Revenue from private- line service (millions of dollars) ...............................
    Revenue from resale service (millions of dollars) ........................................

    Source: Recording Industry Association of America, Washington, DC. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Beginning in 2001, detailed financial data only filed by regional Bell operating companies. Access lines and calls reported by 50 reporting companies.
    2Gross operating revenues, gross plant, and total assets of reporting carriers estimated at more than 90 percent of total industry. New accounting rules

    became effective in 1990; prior years

    may not be directly comparable on a one-to-one basis. Includes Virgin Islands, and prior to 1995, Puerto Rico.
    3The reporting threshold for carriers is $100 million in annual operating revenue.
    4Excludes taxes.
    5After tax deductions.
    6Based on surveys conducted by FCC.
    7Beginning in 1995, data are for all U.S. points, and include calls to and from Alaska,

    Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and offshore U.S. points. Beginning 1995, carriers first
    started reporting traffic to and from Canada and Mexico. Data for Canada and Mexico in prior years are staff estimates.
    . . . = Not available.

    344

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 21-9. Households with Computers and Internet Access, 2001


    (Percent.)
    Households with computers

    Households with Internet access

    Characterisitc
    Total

    Rural

    Urban

    Central city

    Total

    Rural

    Urban

    Central city

    All Households ..........................................................

    56.5

    55.6

    56.7

    51.5

    50.5

    48.7

    51.1

    45.7

    Age of Householder
    Under 25 years old ......................................................
    25 to 34 years old .......................................................
    35 to 44 years old .......................................................
    45 to 54 years old .......................................................
    55 years old or over ....................................................

    51.1
    62.5
    69.9
    66.9
    39.1

    41.3
    61.5
    71.2
    68.0
    38.0

    53.0
    62.8
    69.4
    66.4
    39.5

    50.9
    57.5
    62.1
    59.9
    35.5

    44.7
    57.3
    62.6
    60.9
    33.9

    33.5
    55.4
    62.3
    61.1
    32.1

    46.7
    58.8
    63.4
    61.3
    35.0

    45.3
    53.9
    54.3
    53.4
    29.9

    Householder Race/Ethnicity
    White ...........................................................................
    Black ...........................................................................
    American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut 1 ................................
    Asian or Pacific Islander 1 ...........................................
    Hispanic ......................................................................

    61.1
    37.1
    44.7
    72.7
    40.0

    58.0
    31.5
    37.6
    269.4
    36.6

    62.4
    37.7
    49.5
    72.8
    40.3

    249.5

    60.0
    33.9

    67.4
    38.1

    55.4
    30.8
    38.7
    68.1
    32.0

    51.0
    24.4
    31.4
    68.2
    29.9

    56.8
    30.9
    41.5
    64.1
    32.6

    54.8
    27.4
    44.1
    363.1
    29.8

    Household Type
    Married couple with children under 18 ........................
    Male householder with children under 18 ...................
    Female householder with children under 18 ...............
    Family households without children ............................
    Nonfamily households .................................................

    78.9
    55.1
    49.2
    58.8
    39.2

    78.6
    53.6
    51.0
    55.0
    31.6

    79.0
    55.6
    48.9
    60.4
    40.9

    72.4
    51.8
    41.6
    55.2
    41.4

    71.6
    44.9
    40.0
    53.2
    35.0

    69.7
    39.9
    40.9
    48.9
    26.9

    73.6
    47.2
    42.3
    55.3
    36.2

    64.6
    44.3
    33.5
    49.7
    37.0

    Education of Householder
    Elementary ..................................................................
    Some high school .......................................................
    High school graduate or GED .....................................
    Some college ..............................................................
    Bachelors degree or more ..........................................

    16.0
    28.2
    46.5
    64.5
    79.8

    13.4
    27.6
    50.0
    68.5
    81.1

    17.1
    28.4
    45.0
    63.2
    79.5

    16.9
    25.5
    39.0
    58.4
    76.7

    11.2
    22.7
    39.8
    57.7
    75.2

    10.4
    22.4
    42.1
    60.2
    75.1

    11.6
    22.6
    39.3
    57.3
    75.0

    11.5
    19.8
    32.5
    52.0
    72.0

    Household Income
    Under $5,000 ..............................................................
    $5,000 to $9,999 .........................................................
    $10,000 to $14,999 .....................................................
    $15,000 to $19,999 .....................................................
    $20,000 to $24,999 .....................................................
    $25,000 to $34,999 .....................................................
    $35,000 to $49,999 .....................................................
    $50,000 to $74,999 .....................................................
    $75,000 and over ........................................................

    25.9
    19.2
    25.7
    31.8
    40.1
    49.7
    64.3
    77.7
    89.0

    17.9
    16.4
    24.3
    29.4
    40.0
    49.4
    64.7
    78.1
    89.0

    28.2
    20.1
    26.3
    32.6
    40.1
    49.9
    64.2
    77.6
    88.9

    24.5
    20.6
    24.3
    33.9
    36.4
    49.9
    64.4
    75.8
    86.4

    20.5
    14.4
    19.4
    23.6
    31.8
    42.2
    56.4
    71.4
    85.4

    12.5
    11.0
    18.1
    21.0
    31.7
    40.5
    55.0
    70.6
    84.8

    23.0
    15.5
    20.7
    25.3
    32.4
    43.7
    57.5
    71.7
    85.5

    20.2
    14.5
    19.3
    24.6
    28.7
    41.3
    56.2
    70.5
    83.8

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Non-Hispanic.
    2Figure does not

    meet standards of reliability or precision.

    SECTION

    22

    ENERGY

    346

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 22

    ENERGY
    Highlights

    Energy Consumption, by End-Use Section, 19702001


    100.0
    90.0
    80.0

    Quadrillion Btu

    70.0
    Total consumption
    Industrial and miscellaneous
    Transportation
    Residential and commercial

    60.0
    50.0
    40.0
    30.0
    20.0
    10.0
    0.0
    1970

    1977

    1981

    1985

    1989

    1993

    1997

    2001

    Year

    Data on the production of electric energy have


    been available since the beginning of the first commercial production in 1882, but because of the changing
    bases of measurement and variations in coverage, the
    information is difficult to evaluate for the years before
    1920. The Bureau of the Census conducted censuses of
    the light and power industries at five-year intervals
    from 1902 to 1937. The Electrical World (McGraw-Hill)
    and the National Electric Light Association also published considerable data on this early period. Early data
    on capacity have to be converted from horsepower (hp)
    to kilowatts (kW) to be comparable. Data on generation also were often reported without allowance for
    kWh used in generation, and end uses were reported by
    appliances (such as lamps) rather than as kWh. These
    variations in measurements, classification, and coverage
    often resulted in differences as high as 25 percent.

    Generators in mobile equipment, such as ships, railroads, and barges, are also unaccounted for in the totals.

    The principal sources of data on energy are the


    Energy Information Administration, the Edison Electric
    Institute, and the American Gas Association. Among
    the EIA annuals are Annual Energy Review, Electric
    Power Annual, Natural Gas Annual, Petroleum Supply
    Annual, State Energy Data Report, State Energy Price
    and Expenditure Report, Financial Statistics of Selected
    Electric Utilities, Performance Profiles of Major Energy
    Producers, Annual Energy Outlook, and International
    Energy Annual. The Edison Electric Institute produces
    the Statistical Yearbook of Electric Utility Industry and
    the Year-End Summary of the Electric Power Situation
    in the United States while the American Gas Association
    published Gas Facts.

    SECTION 22: ENERGY

    Energy data were presented formerly in widely


    varying units, but increasingly are being converted to a
    common thermal unit, the Btu (British Thermal Unit).
    A Btu is the amount of energy required to raise the
    temperature of 1 pound of water 1 degree Fahrenheit at
    or near 39.2 degrees F. The conversion factors are as follows:
    Production
    Petroleum (barrel)
    5.800 million Btu
    Coal (short ton)
    21.278 million Btu
    Natural Gas (cubic feet) 1,028 Btu
    Nuclear Power (kWh) 10,676 Btu
    Geothermal Power (kWh) 20,914 Btu
    Fossil Fuel (kWh)
    10,272 Btu

    Consumption
    5.586 million Btu
    20.852 million Btu
    1,028 Btu
    10,676 Btu
    20,914 Btu
    10,272 Btu

    Of the total consumption of 96.95 quadrillion Btu


    in 2001, 39.7 percent is derived from petroleum, 24.1
    percent from natural gas, 22.8 percent from coal, 8.3
    percent from nuclear power, and 5.9 percent from
    renewable sources, such as hydroelectric, geothermal,
    and bio fuels. The United States is more or less self-sufficient in the major energy sources except petroleum, of
    which it imports 20.26 quadrillion Btu.

    347

    In 1997, the average single-family detached home


    consumed 102 million Btu at a cost of $1,338 per year.
    Of total consumption, natural gas accounted for 5.28
    quadrillion Btu, electricity for 3.54 quadrillion Btu, and
    fuel oil for 1.07 quadrillion Btu.

    The United States has had a negative trade balance


    in both natural gas and crude oil since 1970. Crude oil
    imports reached 3.336 billion barrels in 2002 compared
    with 483 million barrels in 1970. Of the total imports
    OPEC countries supply 1.490 billion barrels and nonOPEC countries supply 1.846 billion barrels.

    10
    There are 104 nuclear power plants located in
    the United States in 31 states. Illinois has the most with
    11. Total generation of electric power is 768.8 billion
    kWh or 20.7 percent of total. The United States
    accounts for slightly less than one-fourth of the 436
    nuclear plants worldwide.

    11
    Electric utilities generate 3.839 trillion kWh and
    sell 3.471 trillion kWh. Of total generation, 36.5 percent
    goes to residential customers.

    The share of coal in both production and consumption has shown remarkable growth. Its production has
    increased from 14.61 quadrillion Btu in 1970 to 23.44
    quadrillion Btu, and its consumption from 12.27
    quadrillion Btu to 21.93 quadrillion Btu. Other alternative forms of energy, once touted as the wave of the
    future, have yet to make an impact on the energy picture.

    12
    In 2001, the gas utility industry had 64,792,000
    customers, (of which 59,729,000 were residential), sales
    of 8.565 quadrillion Btu, and revenues of $71.73 billion.

    13
    The Strategic Petroleum Reserve grew from 7.6
    million barrels in 1977 to 599 million barrels in 2002,
    equivalent to 53 days of crude oil imports.

    By end-use consumption, residential and commercial use account for 38.8 percent of total energy, industrial use for 33.6 percent, and transportation for 27.6
    percent in 2001.

    Energy prices rose steeply from 1970 to 1985, but


    have stabilized since then. The average fuel price per
    million Btu was $1.65 in 1970, $8.40 in 1985, and $9.85
    in 2000.

    14
    Solar collectors have yet to realize their potential as inexpensive energy producers. The number of
    solar collector manufacturers dropped from a high of
    225 in 1984 to 26 in 2001, and total shipments declined
    from 17,191,000 square feet to 11,189,000 square feet.

    15
    Developed water power in the United States
    generated 275.573 million kWh in 2000. The Pacific
    region produced one-half of the total.

    348

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 22-1. Energy Overview, 19492001


    (Quadrillion Btu.)
    Production
    Year

    Fossil
    fuels 1

    Nuclear
    electric
    power

    Imports

    Renewable
    energy 2

    Total 3

    Petroleum 4

    Exports

    Total 5

    Coal

    Consumption

    Total 6, 5

    Adjustments 7

    Fossil
    fuels 8, 5

    Nuclear
    electric
    power

    Renewable
    energy 2

    Total 9, 10

    2001 ....................

    58.11

    8.03

    5.32

    71.37

    25.40

    30.15

    1.27

    3.76

    -1.44

    83.13

    8.03

    5.32

    96.32

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    57.25
    57.51
    59.20
    58.76
    58.28
    57.44
    57.95
    55.74
    57.59
    57.83

    7.86
    7.61
    7.07
    6.60
    7.09
    7.08
    6.69
    6.41
    6.48
    6.42

    6.16
    6.60
    6.56
    7.08
    7.14
    6.67
    6.06
    6.16
    5.91
    6.16

    71.22
    71.65
    72.79
    72.39
    72.47
    71.16
    70.68
    68.26
    69.93
    70.36

    24.53
    23.13
    22.91
    21.74
    20.29
    18.88
    19.24
    18.51
    16.97
    16.35

    28.97
    27.25
    26.58
    25.22
    23.70
    22.26
    22.39
    21.27
    19.37
    18.33

    1.53
    1.53
    2.09
    2.19
    2.37
    2.32
    1.88
    1.96
    2.68
    2.85

    4.01
    3.71
    4.30
    4.51
    4.63
    4.51
    4.06
    4.26
    4.94
    5.14

    2.76
    1.58
    0.08
    1.64
    2.68
    2.32
    0.24
    2.30
    1.50
    0.97

    85.00
    82.65
    81.59
    81.09
    79.98
    77.49
    76.48
    75.05
    73.52
    72.00

    7.86
    7.61
    7.07
    6.60
    7.09
    7.08
    6.69
    6.41
    6.48
    6.42

    6.16
    6.60
    6.56
    7.08
    7.14
    6.67
    6.06
    6.16
    5.91
    6.16

    98.94
    96.77
    95.15
    94.73
    94.22
    91.22
    89.25
    87.58
    85.87
    84.52

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    58.53
    57.47
    57.87
    57.17
    56.58
    57.54
    58.85
    54.42
    57.46
    58.53

    6.10
    5.60
    5.59
    4.75
    4.38
    4.08
    3.55
    3.20
    3.13
    3.01

    6.13
    6.29
    5.49
    5.69
    6.13
    6.03
    6.43
    6.49
    5.99
    5.47

    70.73
    69.36
    68.95
    67.61
    67.09
    67.65
    68.83
    64.11
    66.57
    67.01

    17.12
    17.16
    15.75
    14.16
    13.20
    10.61
    11.43
    10.65
    10.78
    12.64

    18.82
    18.77
    17.30
    15.40
    14.15
    11.78
    12.47
    11.75
    11.86
    13.72

    2.77
    2.64
    2.50
    2.09
    2.25
    2.44
    2.15
    2.04
    2.79
    2.94

    4.75
    4.66
    4.37
    3.81
    4.02
    4.20
    3.79
    3.69
    4.61
    4.31

    -0.19
    1.42
    0.89
    -0.04
    -0.50
    1.19
    -0.82
    0.90
    -0.59
    -0.08

    72.46
    73.02
    71.66
    68.63
    66.15
    66.22
    66.62
    63.29
    64.04
    67.75

    6.10
    5.60
    5.59
    4.75
    4.38
    4.08
    3.55
    3.20
    3.13
    3.01

    6.13
    6.29
    5.49
    5.69
    6.13
    6.03
    6.43
    6.49
    5.99
    5.47

    84.60
    84.89
    82.77
    79.16
    76.72
    76.42
    76.69
    73.07
    73.23
    76.33

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    59.01
    58.01
    55.07
    55.10
    54.72
    54.73
    56.33
    58.24
    58.94
    58.04

    2.74
    2.78
    3.02
    2.70
    2.11
    1.90
    1.27
    0.91
    0.58
    0.41

    5.49
    5.17
    5.04
    4.25
    4.77
    4.72
    4.77
    4.43
    4.40
    4.27

    67.24
    65.95
    63.14
    62.05
    61.60
    61.36
    62.37
    63.58
    63.92
    62.72

    14.66
    17.93
    17.82
    18.76
    15.67
    12.95
    13.13
    13.47
    10.30
    8.54

    15.80
    19.46
    19.11
    19.95
    16.76
    14.03
    14.30
    14.61
    11.39
    9.53

    2.42
    1.75
    1.08
    1.44
    1.60
    1.76
    1.62
    1.43
    1.53
    1.55

    3.69
    2.86
    1.92
    2.05
    2.17
    2.32
    2.20
    2.03
    2.12
    2.15

    -1.05
    -1.65
    -0.34
    -1.95
    -0.18
    -1.07
    -0.48
    -0.46
    -0.48
    -0.82

    69.98
    72.89
    71.86
    70.99
    69.10
    65.35
    67.91
    70.32
    67.70
    64.60

    2.74
    2.78
    3.02
    2.70
    2.11
    1.90
    1.27
    0.91
    0.58
    0.41

    5.49
    5.17
    5.04
    4.25
    4.77
    4.72
    4.77
    4.43
    4.40
    4.27

    78.29
    80.90
    79.99
    78.00
    76.01
    72.00
    73.99
    75.71
    72.70
    69.29

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    59.19
    56.29
    54.31
    52.60
    50.04
    47.23
    45.79
    44.04
    41.73
    40.31

    0.24
    0.15
    0.14
    0.09
    0.06
    0.04
    0.04
    0.04
    0.03
    0.02

    4.08
    4.10
    3.78
    3.69
    3.43
    3.40
    3.23
    3.10
    3.12
    2.95

    63.50
    60.54
    58.23
    56.38
    53.53
    50.68
    49.06
    47.17
    44.88
    43.28

    7.47
    6.90
    6.21
    5.56
    5.63
    5.40
    4.96
    4.65
    4.56
    4.19

    8.34
    7.68
    6.91
    6.16
    6.15
    5.89
    5.45
    5.09
    4.99
    4.44

    1.94
    1.53
    1.38
    1.35
    1.35
    1.38
    1.34
    1.36
    1.08
    0.98

    2.63
    2.13
    2.00
    2.12
    1.83
    1.83
    1.81
    1.84
    1.47
    1.38

    -1.37
    -0.47
    -0.71
    -1.52
    -0.83
    -0.72
    -0.87
    -0.78
    -0.57
    -0.60

    63.52
    61.36
    58.50
    55.13
    53.51
    50.58
    48.54
    46.51
    44.68
    42.76

    0.24
    0.15
    0.14
    0.09
    0.06
    0.04
    0.04
    0.04
    0.03
    0.02

    4.08
    4.10
    3.78
    3.69
    3.43
    3.40
    3.23
    3.10
    3.12
    2.95

    67.84
    65.62
    62.42
    58.91
    57.02
    54.02
    51.82
    49.65
    47.83
    45.74

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................
    ....................

    39.87
    39.05
    37.22
    40.13
    39.77
    37.36
    33.76
    35.35
    34.98
    35.79

    0.01
    ...
    ...
    ...
    0.00
    0.00
    0.00
    0.00
    0.00
    0.00

    2.93
    2.90
    2.92
    2.85
    2.85
    2.78
    2.75
    2.83
    2.94
    2.96

    42.80
    41.95
    40.13
    42.98
    42.62
    40.15
    36.52
    38.18
    37.92
    38.75

    4.00
    3.91
    3.72
    3.46
    3.17
    2.75
    2.32
    2.28
    2.11
    1.87

    4.19
    4.08
    3.88
    3.53
    3.21
    2.79
    2.35
    2.31
    2.15
    1.89

    1.02
    1.05
    1.42
    2.17
    1.98
    1.46
    0.91
    0.98
    1.40
    1.68

    1.48
    1.53
    2.05
    3.44
    2.95
    2.29
    1.70
    1.87
    2.37
    2.62

    -0.43
    -1.03
    -0.32
    -1.29
    -1.13
    -0.44
    -0.53
    -0.96
    -0.95
    -1.05

    42.14
    40.55
    38.72
    38.93
    38.89
    37.41
    33.88
    34.83
    33.80
    34.01

    0.01
    ...
    ...
    ...
    0.00
    0.00
    0.00
    0.00
    0.00
    0.00

    2.93
    2.90
    2.92
    2.85
    2.85
    2.78
    2.75
    2.83
    2.94
    2.96

    45.09
    43.47
    41.65
    41.79
    41.75
    40.21
    36.64
    37.66
    36.75
    36.97

    1950 ....................
    1949 ....................

    32.56
    28.75

    0.00
    0.00

    2.98
    2.97

    35.54
    31.72

    1.89
    1.43

    1.91
    1.45

    0.79
    0.88

    1.47
    1.59

    -1.37
    0.40

    31.63
    29.00

    0.00
    0.00

    2.98
    2.97

    34.62
    31.98

    Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administartion.


    1Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids.
    2End-use consumption and electricity net generation.
    3Also includes hydroelectric pumped storage.
    4Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
    5Also includes natural gas, coal, coal coke, and electricity.
    6Also includes natural gas, petroleum, coal coke, and electricity.
    7A balancing item. Includes stock changes, losses, gains, miscellaneous blending components, and unaccounted-for supply.
    8Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, and petroleum.
    9Also includes hydroelectric pumped storage and electricity net imports.
    10Alcohol (ethanol blended into motor gasoline) is included in consumption values for both "Fossil Fuels" and "Renewable Energy,"

    . . . = Not available.

    but is counted only once in total energy consumption.

    SECTION 22: ENERGY

    349

    Table 22-2Series S 95-107. Consumption of Fuels, by Electric Utilities, 19492002


    Net generation, by fuel
    (millions of kilowatt hours)

    Fuel consumed

    Year
    Total 1

    Coal

    Petroleum

    Gas

    Nuclear

    Coal
    (thousands of short
    tons)

    Oil
    (thousands
    42-gallon barrels)

    Gas
    (millions of cubic
    feet)

    2002 2 ..............................
    2001 .................................

    2 714 254
    2 677 005

    1 926 442
    1 903 956

    89 856
    124 880

    685 840
    639 129

    780 064
    768 826

    985 374
    972 691

    156 809
    216 672

    6 064 989
    5 832 302

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    2 692 478
    2 569 670
    2 547 065
    2 430 320
    2 346 018
    2 293 908
    2 270 133
    2 230 741
    2 138 705
    2 103 263

    1 966 265
    1 881 087
    1 873 516
    1 845 016
    1 795 196
    1 709 426
    1 690 694
    1 690 070
    1 621 206
    1 590 623

    111 221
    118 061
    128 800
    92 555
    81 411
    74 554
    105 901
    112 788
    100 154
    119 752

    601 038
    556 396
    531 257
    479 399
    455 056
    496 058
    460 219
    414 927
    404 074
    381 553

    753 893
    728 254
    673 702
    628 644
    674 729
    673 402
    640 440
    610 291
    618 776
    612 565

    994 933
    949 802
    946 295
    931 949
    907 209
    860 594
    848 796
    842 153
    805 140
    793 666

    195 228
    207 871
    222 640
    159 715
    144 626
    132 578
    183 618
    192 462
    172 241
    203 669

    5 691 481
    5 321 984
    5 081 384
    4 564 770
    4 312 458
    4 737 871
    4 367 148
    3 928 653
    3 899 718
    3 764 778

    1990 .................................
    1989 3 ..............................
    1988 .................................
    1987 .................................
    1986 .................................
    1985 .................................
    1984 .................................
    1983 .................................
    1982 .................................
    1981 .................................

    2 103 781
    2 108 788
    1 942 353
    1 854 895
    1 770 925
    1 794 276
    1 758 882
    1 678 021
    1 644 061
    1 755 401

    1 594 011
    1 583 779
    1 540 653
    1 463 781
    1 385 831
    1 402 128
    1 341 681
    1 259 424
    1 192 004
    1 203 203

    126 621
    164 518
    148 900
    118 493
    136 585
    100 202
    119 808
    144 499
    146 797
    206 421

    372 765
    352 629
    252 801
    272 621
    248 508
    291 946
    297 394
    274 098
    305 260
    345 777

    576 862
    529 355
    526 973
    455 270
    414 038
    383 691
    327 634
    293 677
    282 773
    272 674

    792 457
    781 672
    758 372
    717 894
    685 056
    693 841
    664 399
    625 211
    593 666
    596 797

    218 997
    281 192
    250 141
    201 116
    232 046
    174 571
    205 736
    246 804
    250 517
    351 806

    3 691 563
    3 485 429
    2 635 613
    2 844 051
    2 602 370
    3 044 083
    3 111 342
    2 910 767
    3 225 518
    3 640 154

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    1 753 796
    1 708 047
    1 646 193
    1 648 902
    1 559 003
    1 441 660
    1 449 429
    1 502 853
    1 421 175
    1 307 359

    1 161 562
    1 075 037
    975 742
    985 219
    944 391
    852 786
    828 433
    847 651
    771 131
    713 102

    245 994
    303 525
    365 060
    358 179
    319 988
    289 095
    300 931
    314 343
    274 296
    220 225

    346 240
    329 485
    305 391
    305 505
    294 624
    299 778
    320 065
    340 858
    375 748
    374 031

    251 116
    255 155
    276 403
    250 883
    191 104
    172 505
    113 976
    83 479
    54 091
    38 105

    569 274
    527 051
    481 235
    477 126
    448 371
    405 962
    391 811
    389 212
    351 768
    327 301

    421 110
    524 636
    637 830
    624 193
    556 261
    506 479
    539 399
    562 781
    496 895
    399 496

    3 681 595
    3 490 523
    3 188 363
    3 191 200
    3 080 868
    3 157 669
    3 443 428
    3 660 172
    3 976 913
    3 976 018

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    1 261 468
    1 177 127
    1 093 613
    984 560
    943 553
    857 287
    803 222
    747 530
    683 430
    639 676

    704 394
    706 001
    684 905
    630 483
    613 475
    570 926
    526 230
    493 927
    450 249
    421 871

    184 183
    137 847
    104 276
    89 271
    78 926
    64 801
    56 954
    52 002
    48 880
    48 519

    372 890
    333 279
    304 433
    264 806
    251 152
    221 559
    220 038
    201 602
    184 301
    169 286

    21 804
    13 928
    12 528
    7 655
    5 520
    3 657
    3 343
    3 212
    2 270
    1 692

    320 182
    310 641
    297 779
    274 185
    266 477
    244 788
    225 425
    211 332
    193 316
    182 185

    338 686
    251 027
    188 642
    161 278
    140 949
    115 203
    101 141
    93 314
    89 294
    88 912

    3 931 860
    3 487 642
    3 147 909
    2 746 352
    2 609 949
    2 321 101
    2 322 896
    2 144 473
    1 965 974
    1 825 117

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    609 024
    571 883
    504 497
    501 098
    478 487
    433 786
    364 354
    337 042
    293 640
    270 531

    403 067
    378 424
    344 366
    346 386
    338 503
    301 363
    239 146
    218 846
    195 437
    185 204

    47 987
    46 840
    40 372
    40 499
    35 947
    37 138
    31 520
    38 404
    29 750
    28 712

    157 970
    146 619
    119 759
    114 213
    104 037
    95 285
    93 688
    79 791
    68 453
    56 616

    518
    188
    165
    10
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    176 685
    168 423
    155 724
    160 769
    158 279
    143 759
    118 385
    115 897
    107 071
    105 768

    88 195
    88 263
    77 667
    79 693
    72 711
    75 274
    66 745
    82 238
    67 218
    63 945

    1 724 762
    1 628 509
    1 372 853
    1 336 141
    1 239 311
    1 153 280
    1 165 498
    1 034 272
    910 117
    763 898

    1950 .................................
    1949 .................................

    232 813
    200 965

    154 520
    135 451

    33 734
    28 547

    44 559
    36 967

    0
    0

    91 871
    83 963

    75 421
    66 301

    628 919
    550 121

    Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Association.


    1Excludes generations by wood and waste fuels.
    2Preliminary.
    3Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only.

    Beginning 1961, includes limited output by use of wood, waste, and geothermal power.
    Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.

    350

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 22-3. Consumption for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), 1949-2002
    Fossil fuels
    Year

    Total 1
    Total

    Coal 2

    Petroleum 3

    Natural gases 4

    Other gases 5

    Nuclear electric
    power

    Renewable
    energy sources

    Electricity net
    imports

    2001 .................................

    38 601 654

    27 150 161

    19 733 839

    1 337 106

    5 981 907

    97 309

    8 028 084

    3 396 510

    75 156

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    39 562 402
    38 459 393
    37 721 497
    36 409 780
    36 090 870
    35 014 721
    33 932 855
    33 339 303
    32 217 953
    32 281 475

    27 598 856
    26 319 633
    26 124 396
    24 890 217
    24 096 547
    23 473 125
    23 233 081
    22 789 974
    21 902 647
    21 723 125

    20 442 828
    19 467 086
    19 416 802
    19 128 305
    18 650 317
    17 687 345
    17 485 104
    17 424 494
    16 685 503
    16 460 000

    1 211 721
    1 284 682
    1 377 768
    984 546
    888 037
    813 192
    1 135 437
    1 202 639
    1 076 405
    1 276 457

    5 818 336
    5 441 478
    5 204 838
    4 657 954
    4 399 633
    4 840 068
    4 476 159
    4 026 611
    3 999 460
    3 861 183

    125 971
    126 387
    124 988
    119 412
    158 560
    132 520
    136 381
    136 230
    141 279
    125 485

    7 862 349
    7 610 256
    7 067 809
    6 596 992
    7 086 674
    7 075 436
    6 693 877
    6 410 499
    6 479 206
    6 422 132

    3 995 318
    4 452 140
    4 450 304
    4 811 209
    4 765 314
    4 318 443
    3 848 123
    4 051 810
    3 752 227
    4 058 080

    116 176
    98 924
    88 081
    116 204
    137 144
    133 855
    152 937
    94 910
    86 733
    66 966

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    31 877 715
    31 132 333
    28 387 110
    27 156 527
    26 391 838
    26 190 736
    25 773 773
    24 738 070
    24 096 274
    24 558 534

    21 707 598
    21 788 511
    20 122 801
    19 365 331
    18 586 409
    18 792 426
    18 525 840
    17 754 364
    17 491 441
    18 552 683

    16 477 441
    16 359 471
    15 849 966
    15 173 411
    14 443 716
    14 542 209
    14 019 485
    13 212 591
    12 582 150
    12 583 461

    1 366 877
    1 757 320
    1 563 425
    1 256 859
    1 451 842
    1 090 459
    1 286 116
    1 543 683
    1 567 654
    2 201 663

    3 751 530
    3 581 360
    2 709 410
    2 935 061
    2 690 851
    3 159 758
    3 220 239
    2 998 090
    3 341 637
    3 767 559

    111 750
    90 360
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    6 104 350
    5 602 161
    5 586 968
    4 753 933
    4 380 109
    4 075 563
    3 552 531
    3 202 549
    3 131 148
    3 007 589

    4 058 332
    3 665 136
    2 568 942
    2 879 162
    3 302 839
    3 183 092
    3 560 079
    3 660 610
    3 373 659
    2 884 856

    7 888
    37 450
    108 399
    158 101
    122 481
    139 655
    135 323
    120 547
    100 026
    113 406

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    24 391 684
    24 020 816
    23 618 175
    22 623 268
    21 546 776
    20 338 931
    19 965 990
    19 787 589
    18 500 783
    17 157 663

    18 566 696
    18 155 980
    17 521 901
    17 446 395
    16 349 094
    15 191 283
    15 418 246
    15 921 233
    14 992 029
    13 893 405

    12 122 684
    11 259 923
    10 238 271
    10 262 025
    9 720 234
    8 785 839
    8 534 031
    8 658 401
    7 810 652
    7 299 131

    2 633 561
    3 283 366
    3 986 863
    3 900 625
    3 477 132
    3 165 675
    3 365 031
    3 514 816
    3 097 088
    2 494 999

    3 810 451
    3 612 691
    3 296 767
    3 283 745
    3 151 728
    3 239 769
    3 519 184
    3 748 016
    4 084 289
    4 099 275

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 739 169
    2 775 827
    3 024 126
    2 701 762
    2 111 121
    1 899 798
    1 272 083
    910 177
    583 752
    412 939

    3 014 420
    3 019 629
    3 004 831
    2 415 689
    3 057 183
    3 226 748
    3 232 351
    2 907 464
    2 898 775
    2 839 274

    71 399
    69 380
    67 317
    59 422
    29 378
    21 102
    43 310
    48 715
    26 227
    12 045

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    16 293 215
    15 208 332
    13 921 910
    12 734 038
    12 018 001
    11 047 205
    10 349 536
    9 660 775
    9 064 788
    8 488 576

    13 398 546
    12 386 348
    11 420 583
    10 289 759
    9 880 951
    8 938 439
    8 410 663
    7 845 872
    7 216 744
    6 801 226

    7 227 462
    7 219 295
    6 993 639
    6 444 982
    6 301 644
    5 821 061
    5 379 553
    5 050 213
    4 622 376
    4 354 953

    2 117 337
    1 571 294
    1 181 450
    1 010 541
    883 230
    722 002
    633 882
    584 707
    559 585
    557 277

    4 053 747
    3 595 759
    3 245 494
    2 834 236
    2 696 077
    2 395 376
    2 397 228
    2 210 952
    2 034 783
    1 888 996

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    239 347
    153 722
    141 534
    88 456
    64 158
    43 164
    39 819
    38 147
    26 394
    19 678

    2 648 634
    2 664 606
    2 361 945
    2 356 843
    2 069 167
    2 066 084
    1 892 383
    1 776 422
    1 819 821
    1 659 983

    6 688
    3 656
    -2 152
    -1 020
    3 725
    -482
    6 671
    334
    1 829
    7 689

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    8 197 152
    7 831 297
    7 235 098
    7 266 555
    6 979 049
    6 499 618
    5 835 424
    5 786 862
    5 399 721
    5 133 928

    6 565 395
    6 266 841
    5 627 956
    5 736 534
    5 527 080
    5 122 662
    4 464 459
    4 362 131
    3 919 734
    3 697 341

    4 227 551
    4 029 357
    3 721 340
    3 855 246
    3 789 674
    3 458 271
    2 840 759
    2 777 361
    2 557 397
    2 506 808

    552 715
    551 977
    485 713
    498 382
    454 719
    470 747
    417 409
    514 298
    420 366
    399 898

    1 785 129
    1 685 507
    1 420 903
    1 382 906
    1 282 687
    1 193 644
    1 206 291
    1 070 472
    941 971
    790 635

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    6 026
    2 187
    1 915
    112
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    1 610 257
    1 550 142
    1 593 907
    1 517 621
    1 436 449
    1 363 078
    1 362 981
    1 417 878
    1 472 247
    1 429 126

    15 474
    12 127
    11 320
    12 288
    15 520
    13 878
    7 984
    6 853
    7 740
    7 461

    1950 .................................
    1949 .................................

    4 748 680
    4 415 007

    3 321 708
    2 979 062

    2 199 111
    1 995 055

    471 666
    414 632

    650 931
    569 375

    ...
    ...

    0
    0

    1 420 877
    1 430 525

    6 095
    5 420

    Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration. Annual Energy Review 2002.
    1Includes other categories not shown separately.
    2Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal.
    3Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
    4Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
    5Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 22: ENERGY

    351

    Table 22-4. Estimated Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 19492002


    Residential
    Year

    End-use
    total

    Commercial

    Total

    Wood 1

    Geothermal 2

    2001 ............... 2 342 295

    476 222

    407 020

    9 450

    59 752

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............

    2 579 277
    2 565 086
    2 528 369
    2 700 548
    2 831 782
    2 780 655
    2 645 119
    2 494 650
    2 547 520
    2 447 867

    503 303
    486 103
    459 498
    505 516
    667 444
    667 334
    606 728
    616 491
    711 153
    676 665

    433 348
    413 873
    387 135
    433 000
    595 000
    596 000
    537 000
    548 000
    645 000
    613 000

    8 600
    8 500
    7 700
    7 500
    7 000
    6 600
    6 200
    6 800
    6 400
    5 900

    61 355
    63 730
    64 663
    65 016
    65 444
    64 734
    63 528
    61 691
    59 753
    57 765

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............

    2 443 623
    2 921 984
    2 952 341
    2 840 706
    2 861 724
    2 882 659
    2 903 570
    2 860 543
    2 644 739
    2 618 761

    642 400
    975 677
    885 000
    852 000
    876 000
    899 000
    923 000
    925 000
    937 000
    869 000

    581 000
    918 000
    885 000
    852 000
    876 000
    899 000
    923 000
    925 000
    937 000
    869 000

    5 500
    5 000
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    55 900
    52 677
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............

    2 512 838
    2 180 844
    2 065 670
    1 865 915
    1 743 981
    1 529 066
    1 570 246
    1 560 430
    1 534 054
    1 462 808

    859 000
    728 076
    621 849
    541 783
    481 634
    425 408
    370 952
    354 096
    379 776
    381 874

    859 000
    728 076
    621 849
    541 783
    481 634
    425 408
    370 952
    354 096
    379 776
    381 874

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............

    1 461 262
    1 471 365
    1 450 767
    1 372 743
    1 398 645
    1 364 708
    1 369 025
    1 355 889
    1 334 883
    1 329 259

    400 777
    415 053
    425 511
    433 973
    454 974
    468 150
    499 058
    536 967
    560 084
    586 864

    400 777
    415 053
    425 511
    433 973
    454 974
    468 150
    499 058
    536 967
    560 084
    586 864

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............
    ...............

    1 357 170
    1 388 200
    1 358 345
    1 367 094
    1 450 884
    1 459 058
    1 446 796
    1 470 088
    1 529 472
    1 592 435

    626 630
    646 926
    688 447
    701 812
    738 706
    775 066
    799 748
    831 947
    899 164
    958 212

    1950 ............... 1 626 237


    1949 ............... 1 618 996

    1005529
    1055186

    Industrial

    Hydropower 4

    Wood 1

    Waste 5

    89 412

    675

    41 245

    39 222

    8 270 1 629 562

    109 031
    114 096
    110 623
    113 430
    110 055
    92 023
    85 782
    83 678
    80 923
    71 906

    1 018
    1 173
    1 228
    1 228
    1 300
    1 220
    957
    1 028
    1 266
    1 369

    53 157
    52 307
    48 133
    48 895
    50 427
    46 105
    46 103
    45 858
    44 005
    41 052

    47 256
    53 916
    54 162
    57 607
    53 028
    40 198
    34 522
    33 392
    32 452
    26 485

    7 600
    6 700
    7 100
    5 700
    5 300
    4 500
    4 200
    3 400
    3 200
    3 000

    1 827 623
    1 843 322
    1 841 327
    1 975 789
    1 970 720
    1 904 798
    1 844 001
    1 697 495
    1 672 444
    1 626 296

    71 142
    61 142
    32 000
    29 000
    27 000
    24 000
    22 000
    22 000
    22 000
    21 000

    1 432
    685
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    39 145
    35 962
    32 000
    29 000
    27 000
    24 000
    22 000
    22 000
    22 000
    21 000

    27 765
    21 995
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 800
    2 500
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    21 000
    13 812
    11 834
    10 286
    9 099
    8 067
    7 018
    6 708
    7 190
    7 190

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    21 000
    13 812
    11 834
    10 286
    9 099
    8 067
    7 018
    6 708
    7 190
    7 190

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    7 534
    7 860
    8 136
    8 325
    8 617
    8 858
    9 460
    10 165
    10 630
    11 146

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    7 534
    7 860
    8 136
    8 325
    8 617
    8 858
    9 460
    10 165
    10 630
    11 146

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    626 630
    646 926
    688 447
    701 812
    738 706
    775 066
    799 748
    831 947
    899 164
    958 212

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    11 868
    12 298
    13 089
    13 330
    14 018
    14 706
    15 170
    15 738
    17 114
    18 198

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    11 868
    12 298
    13 089
    13 330
    14 018
    14 706
    15 170
    15 738
    17 114
    18 198

    1005529
    1055186

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    19 075
    19 986

    ...
    ...

    19 075
    19 986

    Solar 3

    Total

    Geothermal 2

    Waste 5

    Geothermal 2

    31 912 1 442 612

    150 278

    4 760

    147 099

    42 183
    48 658
    54 539
    58 062
    60 773
    54 695
    62 186
    29 593
    30 508
    29 675

    1 635 928
    1 619 522
    1 603 443
    1 730 613
    1 683 499
    1 652 078
    1 579 769
    1 484 344
    1 461 223
    1 409 847

    145 112
    171 042
    180 345
    184 014
    223 548
    195 025
    199 246
    181 158
    178 513
    184 674

    4 400
    4 100
    3 000
    3 100
    2 900
    3 000
    2 800
    2 400
    2 200
    2 100

    139 320
    121 565
    116 921
    105 813
    83 563
    116 500
    108 608
    96 986
    83 000
    73 000

    1 667 081
    1 814 165
    1 965 341
    1 890 706
    1 898 724
    1 907 659
    1 915 570
    1 878 543
    1 666 739
    1 721 761

    30 947
    28 396
    32 635
    32 936
    33 021
    33 024
    33 002
    33 255
    33 046
    33 043

    1 441 911
    1 583 564
    1 625 000
    1 576 000
    1 610 000
    1 645 000
    1 679 000
    1 690 000
    1 516 000
    1 602 000

    192 323
    200 405
    307 706
    281 770
    255 703
    229 635
    203 568
    155 288
    117 693
    86 718

    1 900
    1 800
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    63 000
    71 000
    70 000
    69 000
    60 000
    52 000
    43 000
    35 000
    19 000
    7 000

    1 632 838
    1 438 956
    1 431 987
    1 313 846
    1 253 248
    1 095 591
    1 192 276
    1 199 626
    1 147 088
    1 073 744

    32 838
    34 094
    31 563
    32 601
    33 372
    32 321
    33 202
    34 773
    34 420
    33 746

    1 600 000
    1 404 862
    1 400 424
    1 281 245
    1 219 876
    1 063 270
    1 159 074
    1 164 853
    1 112 668
    1 039 998

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    . . . 1 052 951
    . . . 1 048 452
    . . . 1 017 120
    ...
    930 445
    ...
    935 054
    ...
    887 700
    ...
    860 507
    ...
    808 757
    ...
    764 169
    ...
    731 249

    34 040 1 018 911


    34 220 1 014 232
    35 172
    981 948
    35 787
    894 658
    33 138
    901 916
    32 757
    854 943
    33 772
    826 735
    33 914
    774 843
    35 990
    728 179
    35 836
    695 413

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    718 672
    728 976
    656 809
    651 952
    698 160
    669 286
    631 878
    622 403
    613 194
    616 025

    38 808
    37 003
    37 162
    35 521
    36 751
    38 149
    55 678
    56 506
    61 538
    63 097

    679 864
    691 973
    619 647
    616 431
    661 409
    631 137
    576 200
    565 897
    551 656
    552 928

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    601 633
    543 824

    69 396
    75 537

    532 237
    468 287

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    Total

    Hydropower 4

    Wood 1

    Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration. Annual Energy Review 2002.
    1Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste.
    2Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
    3Solar thermal direct use energy and photovoltaic electricity generation. Small amounts of commercial
    4Conventional hydroelectric power.
    5Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
    6Ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

    . . . = Not available.

    Transportation

    sector use are included in the residential sector.

    Alcohol
    fuels 6

    352

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 22-5Series S 190-204. Gas Utility IndustryCustomers, Sales, and Revenues, by Type of Service,
    19322001
    Customers 1
    (thousands)

    Year
    Total

    Sales 2
    (mil. therms 3)

    Residential

    Commercial

    Industrial

    Total

    Revenues 2
    (mil. of dol)

    Residential

    Commercial

    Industrial

    Total

    Residential

    Commercial

    Industrial

    2001 .................................

    64 792

    59 729

    4 869

    172

    85 650

    47 390

    21 420

    12 250

    71 730

    44 789

    17 831

    6 820

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    64 194
    64 071
    62 421
    59 790
    59 820
    58 728
    57 960
    57 028
    56 132
    55 174

    59 129
    58 939
    57 465
    54 993
    54 968
    53 955
    53 243
    52 358
    51 525
    50 634

    4 820
    4 920
    4 755
    4 589
    4 616
    4 530
    4 474
    4 428
    4 397
    4 322

    163
    174
    164
    170
    183
    181
    181
    181
    165
    168

    90 250
    88 890
    86 300
    88 800
    95 320
    92 210
    94 800
    100 210
    99 060
    96 050

    49 480
    48 650
    48 280
    50 130
    51 980
    48 030
    49 720
    50 540
    46 940
    45 500

    21 180
    20 870
    21 570
    22 340
    23 950
    22 810
    23 510
    23 970
    22 090
    21 980

    13 610
    18 680
    15 280
    15 110
    17 910
    19 190
    20 090
    24 040
    27 720
    26 310

    59 705
    48 423
    47 930
    51 531
    51 115
    46 436
    49 864
    49 847
    46 178
    44 647

    37 522
    31 472
    31 333
    33 175
    32 022
    28 742
    30 563
    29 787
    26 702
    25 729

    13 662
    11 133
    11 523
    12 632
    12 726
    11 573
    12 254
    12 076
    10 865
    10 669

    6 000
    5 547
    4 684
    5 236
    5 821
    5 571
    6 475
    7 351
    7 913
    7 576

    1990 .................................
    1989 .................................
    1988 .................................
    1987 .................................
    1986 .................................
    1985 .................................
    1980 .................................
    1970 .................................
    1960* ...............................
    1950 .................................

    54 261
    53 356
    52 422
    51 576
    50 704
    49 971
    47 223
    41 482
    33 054
    24 001

    49 802
    48 980
    48 133
    47 362
    46 583
    45 929
    43 489
    38 097
    30 418
    22 146

    4 246
    4 161
    4 069
    3 980
    3 892
    3 816
    3 498
    3 131
    2 458
    1 739

    166
    168
    168
    234
    229
    179
    187
    199
    141
    100

    98 420
    10 551
    10 705
    10 543
    11 125
    12 616
    15 413
    160 435
    92 877
    42 090

    44 680
    47 980
    46 950
    43 580
    43 810
    45 130
    48 260
    49 237
    31 881
    13 839

    21 920
    23 220
    23 060
    21 560
    22 390
    23 380
    24 530
    20 066
    9 198
    4 104

    30 100
    32 430
    35 440
    38 480
    43 380
    56 350
    79 570
    84 392
    47 094
    22 887

    45 153
    47 493
    46 162
    45 492
    51 201
    63 293
    48 303
    10 283
    5 617
    1 948

    25 000
    26 172
    24 828
    23 622
    24 759
    26 864
    17 432
    5 207
    3 177
    1 177

    10 604
    11 074
    10 681
    10 271
    11 274
    12 722
    8 183
    1 620
    723
    266

    8 996
    9 666
    10 113
    11 069
    14 495
    23 086
    22 215
    3 181
    1 563
    480

    1940 .................................
    1932 .................................

    17 600
    15 532

    16 381
    14 452

    1 138
    999

    73
    73

    17 235
    10 441

    5 823
    4 672

    1 598
    1 193

    9 544
    1 534

    872
    723

    573
    537

    112
    93

    182
    91

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Annual average.
    2Excludes sales for resale.
    3A therm is equivalent to 100,000

    * = Includes Hawaii.

    British thermal units. A Btu is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree F. at or near its point of maximum density.

    SECTION 22: ENERGY

    353

    Table 22-6. Energy Supply and Disposition, by Type of Fuel, 19602001


    (Quadrillion British Thermal Units [Btu].)
    Production

    Consumption
    Renewable energy 4

    Year
    Total 1

    Crude
    oil 2

    Natural
    gas

    Coal

    Nuclear
    power 3

    Total 1

    Hydroelectric
    power

    Biofuel 5

    Solar
    energy

    Net
    imports,
    total 6, 7

    Total 1, 8

    Petroleum 9

    Natural
    gas 10

    Coal

    RenewNuclear
    able
    power energy 1,
    total

    2001 .................................

    71.67

    12.39

    19.84

    23.44

    8.03

    5.52

    2.22

    2.87

    0.06

    26.03

    96.95

    38.23

    23.22

    21.93

    8.03

    5.68

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    71.06
    71.64
    72.79
    72.39
    72.49
    71.18
    70.68
    68.26
    69.93
    70.33

    12.36
    12.45
    13.24
    13.66
    13.72
    13.89
    14.10
    14.49
    15.22
    15.70

    19.46
    19.34
    19.61
    19.39
    19.36
    19.10
    19.35
    18.58
    18.38
    18.23

    22.62
    23.19
    23.94
    23.21
    22.68
    22.03
    22.11
    20.25
    21.63
    21.59

    7.86
    7.61
    7.07
    6.60
    7.09
    7.08
    6.69
    6.41
    6.48
    6.42

    6.20
    6.59
    6.56
    7.08
    7.14
    6.67
    6.07
    6.16
    5.91
    6.13

    2.81
    3.27
    3.30
    3.64
    3.59
    3.21
    2.68
    2.89
    2.62
    3.00

    2.95
    2.87
    2.84
    3.01
    3.13
    3.07
    2.94
    2.80
    2.85
    2.70

    0.07
    0.07
    0.07
    0.07
    0.07
    0.07
    0.07
    0.07
    0.06
    0.06

    25.21
    23.75
    22.47
    20.94
    19.37
    18.03
    18.65
    17.22
    14.62
    13.34

    99.32
    96.97
    95.34
    94.97
    94.52
    91.50
    89.57
    87.78
    86.05
    84.64

    38.40
    37.96
    36.93
    36.27
    35.76
    34.55
    34.67
    33.84
    33.53
    32.85

    24.04
    23.01
    22.93
    23.33
    23.20
    22.78
    21.84
    21.35
    20.84
    20.15

    22.58
    21.62
    21.66
    21.45
    21.00
    20.09
    19.91
    19.84
    19.12
    18.99

    7.86
    7.61
    7.07
    6.60
    7.09
    7.08
    6.69
    6.41
    6.48
    6.42

    6.47
    6.79
    6.78
    7.32
    7.45
    6.96
    6.40
    6.40
    6.13
    6.28

    1990 .................................
    1989 11 .............................
    1988 .................................
    1987 .................................
    1986 .................................
    1985 .................................
    1984 .................................
    1983 .................................
    1982 .................................
    1981 .................................

    70.73
    69.34
    68.95
    67.61
    67.09
    67.65
    68.83
    64.11
    66.57
    67.01

    15.57
    16.12
    17.28
    17.68
    18.38
    18.99
    18.85
    18.39
    18.31
    18.15

    18.36
    17.85
    17.60
    17.14
    16.54
    16.98
    18.01
    16.59
    18.32
    19.70

    22.46
    21.35
    20.74
    20.14
    19.51
    19.33
    19.72
    17.25
    18.64
    18.38

    6.10
    5.60
    5.59
    4.75
    4.38
    4.08
    3.55
    3.20
    3.13
    3.01

    6.10
    6.27
    5.49
    5.69
    6.13
    6.03
    6.43
    6.49
    5.99
    5.47

    3.03
    2.83
    2.33
    2.64
    3.07
    2.97
    3.39
    3.53
    3.27
    2.76

    2.66
    3.06
    2.94
    2.82
    2.84
    2.86
    2.88
    2.83
    2.62
    2.59

    0.06
    0.06
    *
    *
    *
    *
    *
    ...
    ...
    ...

    14.09
    14.19
    13.15
    11.91
    10.38
    7.87
    8.96
    8.31
    7.46
    9.65

    84.57
    84.93
    82.99
    79.48
    76.97
    76.71
    76.97
    73.32
    73.44
    76.57

    33.55
    34.21
    34.22
    32.87
    32.20
    30.92
    31.05
    30.05
    30.23
    31.93

    19.72
    19.71
    18.55
    17.74
    16.71
    17.83
    18.51
    17.36
    18.51
    19.93

    19.16
    19.05
    18.85
    18.01
    17.26
    17.48
    17.07
    15.89
    15.32
    15.91

    6.10
    5.60
    5.59
    4.75
    4.38
    4.08
    3.55
    3.20
    3.13
    3.01

    6.21
    6.44
    5.82
    6.17
    6.51
    6.46
    6.85
    6.86
    6.29
    5.82

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    67.24
    65.95
    63.14
    62.05
    61.60
    61.36
    62.37
    63.59
    63.92
    62.72

    18.25
    18.10
    18.43
    17.45
    17.26
    17.73
    18.58
    19.49
    20.04
    20.03

    19.91
    20.08
    19.49
    19.57
    19.48
    19.64
    21.21
    22.19
    22.21
    22.28

    18.60
    17.54
    14.91
    15.76
    15.65
    14.99
    14.07
    13.99
    14.09
    13.19

    2.74
    2.78
    3.02
    2.70
    2.11
    1.90
    1.27
    0.91
    0.58
    0.41

    5.49
    5.17
    5.04
    4.25
    4.77
    4.72
    4.77
    4.43
    4.40
    4.27

    2.90
    2.93
    2.94
    2.33
    2.98
    3.16
    3.18
    2.86
    2.86
    2.82

    2.49
    2.15
    2.04
    1.84
    1.71
    1.50
    1.54
    1.53
    1.50
    1.43

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    12.25
    16.75
    17.32
    18.02
    14.65
    11.75
    12.19
    12.68
    9.32
    7.41

    78.44
    81.04
    80.12
    78.12
    76.07
    72.04
    74.08
    75.81
    72.76
    69.31

    34.20
    37.12
    37.97
    37.12
    35.18
    32.73
    33.46
    34.84
    32.95
    30.56

    20.39
    20.67
    20.00
    19.93
    20.35
    19.95
    21.73
    22.51
    22.70
    22.47

    15.42
    15.04
    13.77
    13.92
    13.58
    12.66
    12.66
    12.97
    12.08
    11.60

    2.74
    2.78
    3.02
    2.70
    2.11
    1.90
    1.27
    0.91
    0.58
    0.41

    5.71
    5.38
    5.24
    4.43
    4.86
    4.79
    4.90
    4.58
    4.48
    4.31

    1970 .................................
    1960 .................................

    63.50
    42.80

    20.40
    14.94

    21.67
    12.66

    14.61
    10.82

    0.24
    ...

    4.08
    2.93

    2.63
    1.61

    1.43
    1.32

    ...
    ...

    5.72
    2.74

    67.86
    45.12

    29.52
    19.92

    21.80
    12.39

    12.27
    9.84

    0.24
    ...

    4.10
    2.98

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003. U.S. Energy Information Administration.
    1Includes types of fuel not shown separately.
    2Includes lease condensate.
    3Data on the generation of electricity in the United

    States represent net generation, which is gross output of electricity (measured at the generator terminals) minus power plant use. Nuclear
    electricity generation data are gross outputs of electricity.

    4End-use consumption and electricity net generation.


    5Alcohol is ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
    6Imports minus exports.
    7Net import totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
    8Alcohol (ethanol blended into motor gasoline) is included in both "Petroleum" and "Alcohol," but is counted only once in total energy consumption.
    9Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel.
    10Includes supplemental gaseous fuels.
    11There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1989 and 1990 due to the expanded coverage of nonelectric utility use of renewable energy beginning

    * = Less than 50 trillion.


    . . . = Not available.

    in 1990.

    354

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 22-7. Nuclear Power PlantsNumber, Capacity, and Generation, 19802001


    Net generation
    Operable generating units 1

    Year

    Net summer capability 1, 2

    Percent of total electric utility


    generation

    Total (bil. kWh)

    Capacity factor 3

    2001 .................................

    104

    98.1

    768.8

    20.7

    89.4

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    104
    104
    104
    107
    109
    109
    109
    110
    109
    111

    97.9
    97.4
    97.1
    99.7
    100.8
    99.5
    99.1
    99.1
    99.0
    99.6

    753.9
    728.3
    673.7
    628.6
    674.7
    673.4
    640.4
    610.3
    618.8
    612.6

    19.8
    19.7
    18.6
    18.0
    19.6
    20.1
    19.7
    19.1
    22.1
    21.7

    88.1
    85.3
    78.2
    71.1
    76.2
    77.4
    73.8
    70.5
    70.9
    70.2

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1985
    1980

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    112
    111
    109
    96
    71

    99.6
    98.2
    94.7
    79.4
    51.8

    576.9
    529.4
    527.0
    383.7
    251.1

    19.1
    19.0
    19.5
    15.5
    11.0

    66.0
    62.2
    63.5
    58.0
    56.3

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1As of year-end.
    2Net summer capability

    is the peak steady hourly output that generating equipment is expected to supply to system load, exclusive of auxiliary and other power plant, as demonstrated by test at
    the time of summer peak demand.
    average of monthly capacity factors. Monthly factors are derived by dividing actual monthly generation by the maximum possible generation for the month (hours in month times net
    maximum dependable capacity).

    3Weighted

    Table 22-8. Energy Consumption, by End-Use Sector, 19702001


    (Quadrillion British Thermal Units [Btu], percent.)

    Product

    Total consumption
    (quad. Btu)

    Residential and
    commercial 1
    (quad. Btu)

    Percent of total
    Industrial 2
    (quad. Btu)

    Transportation
    (quad. Btu)

    Residential and
    commercial 1

    Industrial 2

    Transportation

    2001 3 ....................................................

    97.0

    37.6

    32.6

    26.8

    38.8

    33.6

    27.6

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    99.3
    97.0
    95.3
    95.0
    94.5
    91.5
    89.6
    87.8
    86.0

    37.8
    36.1
    35.1
    34.9
    35.0
    33.5
    32.4
    32.2
    30.8

    34.9
    34.7
    34.8
    35.2
    35.0
    34.0
    33.7
    32.7
    32.7

    26.7
    26.1
    25.4
    24.8
    24.5
    24.0
    23.5
    22.9
    22.5

    38.0
    37.3
    36.9
    36.7
    37.0
    36.6
    36.2
    36.6
    35.9

    35.1
    35.8
    36.6
    37.1
    37.0
    37.2
    37.6
    37.3
    38.0

    26.9
    26.9
    26.6
    26.1
    25.9
    26.2
    26.2
    26.1
    26.1

    1990
    1985
    1980
    1975
    1970

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    84.6
    76.7
    78.4
    72.0
    67.9

    30.2
    27.6
    26.5
    24.3
    22.1

    31.9
    29.1
    32.2
    29.5
    29.6

    22.5
    20.1
    19.7
    18.2
    16.1

    35.6
    36.0
    33.8
    33.8
    32.6

    37.7
    37.9
    41.1
    40.9
    43.7

    26.6
    26.2
    25.1
    25.3
    23.7

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Commercial sector fuel use, including that at commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
    2Industrial sector fuel use, including that at industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
    3Preliminary.

    SECTION 22: ENERGY

    355

    Table 22-9. Energy Prices, 19802001


    Product

    Crude oil domestic first purchase


    Nominal (dol./ bbl.) ..................................................
    Real (dol./ bbl.) 1 .....................................................
    Motor gasoline (cents/gal.) ..........................................
    Leaded regular (cents/gal.) .....................................
    Unleaded regular (cents/gal.) ..................................
    Premium (cents/gal.) ...............................................
    Natural gas, residential (dol./1,000 cu. ft.) ..................
    Heating oil, residential (cents/gal.) ..............................
    Coal, all (dol./short tons) .............................................
    Electricity, total (cents/kWh) ........................................
    Uranium, domestic purchases (dol./lb.) ......................

    1980

    1990

    21.6
    37.9
    122.0
    119.0
    125.0
    ...
    3.7
    97.4
    24.7
    4.7
    ...

    20.0
    23.2
    122.0
    115.0
    116.0
    135.0
    5.8
    106.3
    21.8
    6.6
    15.7

    1995

    14.6
    14.9
    121.0
    ...
    115.0
    134.0
    6.1
    86.7
    18.8
    6.9
    11.1

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1In chained (1996) dollars, calculating by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators.
    . . . = Not available.

    1996

    18.5
    18.5
    129.0
    ...
    123.0
    141.0
    6.3
    98.9
    18.5
    6.9
    13.8

    1997

    17.2
    16.9
    129.0
    ...
    123.0
    142.0
    6.9
    98.4
    18.1
    6.9
    12.9

    1998

    10.9
    10.5
    112.0
    ...
    106.0
    125.0
    6.8
    85.2
    17.7
    6.7
    12.3

    1999

    15.6
    14.9
    122.0
    ...
    117.0
    136.0
    6.7
    87.6
    16.6
    6.7
    11.9

    2000

    26.7
    25.0
    156.0
    ...
    151.0
    169.0
    7.8
    131.1
    16.8
    6.8
    11.5

    2001

    21.9
    20.0
    153.0
    ...
    146.0
    166.0
    10.0
    124.9
    ...
    7.3
    10.5

    356

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 22-10. Crude Oil and Refined ProductsSummary, 19732002


    (Barrels of 42 gallons, data are averages.)
    Crude oil products
    (thousands of bbl. per day)
    Year

    Crude oil stocks 3

    Refined oil products


    (thousands of bbl. per day)

    Imports
    Input to
    refineries

    Domestic
    production

    Total 1

    Strategic
    reserve

    Exports

    Domestic
    demand

    Imports

    Exports

    Total all
    imports 2
    (thousands of
    bbl. per day)

    Strategic
    reserve

    Total

    2002 .................................
    2001 .................................

    14 947
    15 128

    5 746
    5 801

    9 140
    9 328

    16
    11

    9
    20

    19 761
    19 649

    2 390
    2 543

    975
    951

    11 530
    11 871

    877
    862

    599
    550

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    15 067
    14 804
    14 889
    14 662
    14 195
    13 973
    13 866
    13 613
    13 411
    13 301

    5 822
    5 881
    6 252
    6 452
    6 465
    6 560
    6 662
    6 847
    7 171
    7 417

    9 071
    8 731
    8 706
    8 225
    7 508
    7 230
    7 063
    6 787
    6 083
    5 782

    8
    8
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    12
    15
    10
    ...

    50
    118
    110
    108
    110
    95
    99
    98
    89
    116

    19 701
    19 519
    18 917
    18 620
    18 309
    17 725
    17 718
    17 237
    17 033
    16 714

    2 389
    2 122
    2 002
    1 936
    1 971
    1 605
    1 933
    1 833
    1 805
    1 844

    990
    822
    835
    896
    871
    855
    843
    904
    861
    885

    11 459
    10 852
    10 708
    10 162
    9 478
    8 835
    8 996
    8 620
    7 888
    7 627

    826
    852
    895
    868
    850
    895
    929
    922
    893
    893

    541
    567
    571
    563
    566
    592
    592
    587
    575
    569

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    13 409
    13 401
    13 246
    12 854
    12 716
    12 002
    12 044
    11 685
    11 774
    12 470

    7 355
    7 613
    8 140
    8 349
    8 680
    8 971
    8 879
    8 688
    8 649
    8 572

    5 894
    5 843
    5 107
    4 674
    4 178
    3 201
    3 426
    3 329
    3 488
    4 396

    27
    56
    51
    73
    48
    118
    197
    234
    165
    256

    109
    142
    155
    151
    154
    204
    181
    164
    236
    228

    16 988
    17 325
    17 283
    16 665
    16 281
    15 726
    15 726
    15 231
    15 296
    16 058

    2 123
    2 217
    2 295
    2 004
    2 045
    1 866
    2 011
    1 722
    1 625
    1 599

    748
    717
    661
    613
    631
    577
    541
    575
    579
    367

    8 018
    8 061
    7 402
    6 678
    6 224
    5 067
    5 437
    5 051
    5 113
    5 996

    908
    921
    890
    890
    843
    4814
    796
    723
    644
    594

    586
    580
    560
    541
    512
    493
    451
    379
    294
    230

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    13 481
    14 648
    14 739
    14 602
    13 416
    12 442
    12 133
    12 431

    8 597
    8 552
    8 707
    8 245
    8 132
    8 375
    8 774
    9 208

    5 263
    6 519
    6 356
    6 615
    5 287
    4 105
    3 477
    3 244

    44
    67
    161
    21
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    287
    235
    158
    50
    8
    6
    3
    2

    17 056
    18 513
    18 847
    18 431
    17 461
    16 322
    16 653
    17 308

    1 646
    1 937
    2 008
    2 193
    2 026
    1 951
    2 635
    3 012

    258
    236
    204
    193
    215
    204
    218
    229

    6 909
    8 456
    8 363
    8 807
    7 313
    6 056
    6 112
    6 256

    466
    430
    376
    348
    285
    271
    265
    242

    108
    91
    67
    7
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration. Annual Energy Review 2002.
    1Includes Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
    2Crude oil (including Strategic Petroleum Reserve imports) plus refined products.
    3End of year.
    4Stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit are included from January 1985 forward.

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 22: ENERGY

    357

    Table 22-11. Electric Utility Sales and Average Prices, by End-Use Sector, 19492002
    (Kilowatt hours in billions, cents.)
    Sales (bil. kWh)

    Average price of electricity sold (cents per kWh)

    Year

    Constant (1996) dollars 2

    Current dollars
    Total 1

    Residential

    Commercial

    Industrial
    Total 1

    Residential

    Commercial

    Industrial

    Total 1

    Residential

    Commercial

    Industrial

    2002 .................................
    2001 .................................

    3 475
    3 370

    1 268
    1 203

    1 108
    1 089

    994
    964

    7.2
    7.3

    8.4
    8.6

    7.9
    7.9

    4.8
    5.0

    6.5
    6.7

    7.6
    7.9

    7.1
    7.2

    4.4
    4.6

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    3 421
    3 312
    3 264
    3 146
    3 101
    3 013
    2 935
    2 861
    2 763
    2 762

    1 192
    1 145
    1 130
    1 076
    1 083
    1 043
    1 008
    995
    936
    955

    1 055
    1 002
    979
    929
    887
    863
    820
    795
    761
    766

    1 064
    1 058
    1 051
    1 038
    1 034
    1 013
    1 008
    977
    973
    947

    6.8
    6.6
    6.7
    6.8
    6.9
    6.9
    6.9
    6.9
    6.8
    6.8

    8.2
    8.2
    8.3
    8.4
    8.4
    8.4
    8.4
    8.3
    8.2
    8.0

    7.4
    7.3
    7.4
    7.6
    7.6
    7.7
    7.7
    7.7
    7.7
    7.5

    4.6
    4.4
    4.5
    4.5
    4.6
    4.7
    4.8
    4.8
    4.8
    4.8

    6.4
    6.3
    6.5
    6.7
    6.9
    7.0
    7.2
    7.4
    7.4
    7.5

    7.7
    7.8
    8.0
    8.3
    8.4
    8.6
    8.7
    8.8
    8.9
    9.0

    7.0
    6.9
    7.2
    7.4
    7.6
    7.8
    8.0
    8.2
    8.3
    8.4

    4.3
    4.2
    4.3
    4.4
    4.6
    4.8
    5.0
    5.2
    5.3
    5.4

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    2 713
    2 647
    2 578
    2 457
    2 369
    2 324
    2 286
    2 151
    2 086
    2 147

    924
    906
    893
    850
    819
    794
    780
    751
    730
    722

    751
    726
    699
    660
    631
    606
    583
    544
    526
    514

    946
    926
    896
    858
    831
    837
    838
    776
    745
    826

    6.6
    6.4
    6.4
    6.4
    6.4
    6.4
    6.2
    6.3
    6.1
    5.5

    7.8
    7.6
    7.5
    7.4
    7.4
    7.4
    7.2
    7.2
    6.9
    6.2

    7.3
    7.2
    7.0
    7.1
    7.2
    7.3
    7.1
    7.0
    6.9
    6.3

    4.7
    4.7
    4.7
    4.8
    4.9
    5.0
    4.8
    5.0
    5.0
    4.3

    7.6
    7.8
    7.9
    8.2
    8.6
    8.7
    8.8
    9.2
    9.2
    8.8

    9.0
    9.2
    9.3
    9.6
    9.8
    10.0
    10.0
    10.4
    10.4
    9.9

    8.5
    8.6
    8.8
    9.1
    9.6
    9.9
    10.0
    10.2
    10.4
    10.1

    5.5
    5.7
    5.9
    6.2
    6.6
    6.7
    6.8
    7.3
    7.6
    6.9

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    2 094
    2 071
    2 018
    1 948
    1 855
    1 747
    1 706
    1 713
    1 595
    1 470

    717
    683
    674
    645
    606
    588
    578
    579
    539
    500

    488
    473
    461
    447
    425
    403
    385
    388
    359
    329

    815
    842
    809
    786
    754
    688
    685
    686
    641
    589

    4.7
    4.0
    3.7
    3.4
    3.1
    2.9
    2.5
    2.0
    1.9
    1.8

    5.4
    4.6
    4.3
    4.1
    3.7
    3.5
    3.1
    2.5
    2.4
    2.3

    5.5
    4.7
    4.4
    4.1
    3.7
    3.5
    3.0
    2.4
    2.3
    2.2

    3.7
    3.1
    2.8
    2.5
    2.2
    2.1
    1.7
    1.3
    1.2
    1.1

    8.2
    7.7
    7.7
    7.6
    7.3
    7.2
    6.8
    6.0
    6.0
    5.9

    9.5
    8.8
    8.9
    9.1
    8.8
    8.7
    8.5
    7.4
    7.5
    7.5

    9.6
    9.0
    9.1
    9.1
    8.8
    8.7
    8.2
    7.1
    7.2
    7.2

    6.5
    5.9
    5.8
    5.6
    5.2
    5.2
    4.6
    3.9
    3.8
    3.6

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    1 392
    1 314
    1 203
    1 099
    1 035
    954
    896
    833
    778
    722

    466
    427
    382
    340
    317
    291
    272
    251
    233
    214

    307
    282
    258
    234
    218
    200
    187
    171
    153
    138

    571
    559
    521
    485
    464
    429
    405
    377
    360
    337

    1.7
    1.6
    1.6
    1.7
    1.7
    1.7
    1.7
    1.8
    1.8
    1.8

    2.2
    2.2
    2.3
    2.3
    2.3
    2.4
    2.5
    2.5
    2.6
    2.6

    2.1
    2.1
    2.1
    2.1
    2.1
    2.2
    2.2
    2.3
    2.4
    2.4

    1.0
    1.0
    1.0
    1.0
    1.0
    1.0
    1.0
    1.0
    1.1
    1.1

    5.8
    5.8
    6.1
    6.7
    7.0
    7.2
    7.3
    7.8
    7.9
    8.0

    7.6
    8.0
    8.8
    9.1
    9.4
    10.1
    10.7
    10.9
    11.4
    11.6

    7.2
    7.6
    8.0
    8.3
    8.6
    9.2
    9.4
    10.0
    10.6
    10.7

    3.4
    3.6
    3.8
    4.0
    4.1
    4.2
    4.3
    4.4
    4.8
    4.9

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    688
    647
    588
    576
    546
    497
    424
    396
    356
    330

    201
    185
    169
    157
    143
    128
    116
    104
    94
    83

    131
    112
    100
    94
    87
    79
    72
    67
    62
    57

    324
    315
    287
    294
    286
    260
    208
    199
    176
    166

    1.8
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2.6
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2.4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1.1
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    8.1
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    11.7
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    10.8
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    5.0
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1950 .................................
    1949 .................................

    291
    255

    72
    67

    51
    45

    146
    123

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration. Annual Energy Review 2002.
    1Includes sectors not shown separately.
    2Based on GDP implicit price deflator.

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION

    23

    DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICES

    360

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 23

    DISTRIBUTION
    AND SERVICES
    Highlights
    Persons Engaged in Wholesale and Retail Trade Industries
    (SIC Basis), 19392002
    25,000
    Wholesale trade

    Number of persons (thousands)

    Retail trade
    20,000

    15,000

    10,000

    5,000

    0
    1939

    1945

    1951

    1957

    1963

    1969

    1975

    1981

    1987

    1995

    2002

    Year

    1
    The Survey of Current Business, issued by the
    Bureau of Economic Analysis, is the principal source of
    data on domestic trade and services. Financial data
    relating to this sector appears in the Statistics of Income
    published by the Internal Revenue Service. Censuses of
    retail and wholesale trade have been taken at various
    intervals since 1929. Limited coverage of service industries started in 1933. Beginning with the 1967 Census,
    legislation provided that a census of each area be conducted every five years, in years ending with 2 or 7. The
    industries covered in the censuses and surveys are classified in the three divisions defined in the Standard
    Industrial Classification Manual: retail trade, wholesale
    trade, and services. The purview of the censuses has varied over the years so that some of the data is incomparable over time. Since 1954, data for nonemployer
    establishments have been published separately, and

    establishments with no paid employees are excluded


    from wholesale trade. Since 1977, sales taxes and
    finance charges have been excluded from sales figures.
    After 1987, the number of establishments was defined
    as those in business at any time during the year, rather
    than at the end of the year as defined previously.
    Starting in 1987, hospitals are included among services,
    but government operated services are excluded. In 1982
    and 1987, data were not collected from educational
    institutions nor from services run by labor unions or
    political organizations. Beginning in 1982, each leased
    department in a store was classified separately, rather
    than consolidated with the store as before. Current
    retail and wholesale trade data appear in the Monthly
    Retail Trade Report and the Monthly Wholesale Trade
    Report respectively.

    SECTION 23: DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICES

    In 1990, the share of GDP of retail and wholesale


    trade was 15.2 percent, and by 2001 it had reached 16
    percent. The share of services has gone up from 18.5
    percent to 22.1 percent. Among services, the largest sectors in dollar value are health services ($589.8 billion),
    business services ($544.1 billion), and legal services
    ($145.6 billion).

    Retail trade is the most visible and ubiquitous of


    all businesses. In 2001, there were 1.12 million of them,
    divided as follows:
    Building materials and hardware
    94,100
    Department stores
    10,400
    Other merchandise stores
    30,800
    Food stores
    156,200
    Automotive dealers and service stations 125,700
    Clothing and apparel stores
    151,700
    Drug stores
    40,000
    Liquor stores
    28,600
    Sporting goods
    43,200
    Book, periodical, and music stores
    21,300
    Jewelry stores
    29,800
    Electronics and appliance stores
    47,700
    Retail trade employed 14.89 million people with a payroll of $314.8 billion. The annual gross sales revenues of
    retail establishments were $3,245.4 billion. Retail sales
    per capita were $11,254 in 2002. Wholesale trade had
    438,900 establishments, 6.142 million employees, and a
    payroll of $275.9 billion.

    In terms of annual sales, automotive dealers lead


    with $732.3 billion in 2002, followed by food and beverage stores ($490.8 billion), eating and drinking places
    ($334.6 billion), department stores ($225.9 billion), and
    drug stores ($153 billion).

    361

    The 23,900 supermarkets in the United States have


    sales of $354.5 billion and account for 80.2 percent of all
    food sales.

    Of the $112.3 billion worth of alcoholic beverages


    sold in 2002, 38.5 percent was consumed in bars, taverns,
    and restaurants.

    U.S. mail order sales reached $109.5 billion in 2001,


    of which e-commerce accounted for 23.5 percent.

    In 2002, there were 46,438 shopping centers in the


    United States, with 5,774 million square feet of gross
    leasable area and retail sales of $1.277 trillion.
    California has the most gross leasable area, with 725
    million square feet, followed by Florida with 461 and
    Texas with 390.

    In 2001, there were 4,386,000 service-related establishments. Health services are the most numerous with
    671,000 firms.

    10
    The growth of the computer industry is reflected in the number of information technology establishments. In 2000, there were 5,596,000 establishments with
    nearly $800 billion in gross domestic income.

    362

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 23-1Series T 15-21. Persons Engaged in Distribution and Selected Service Industries (SIC Basis),
    19392002
    (Number in thousands.)
    Year

    Wholesale trade

    Retail trade

    Hotels and other


    lodging places

    Personal services

    Miscellaneous
    business services

    Automobile repair,
    services, and
    parking

    Miscellaneous
    repair services

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    6 671
    6 776

    23 306
    23 522

    1 798
    1 870

    1 286
    1 269

    1 732
    1 764

    1 263
    1 257

    377
    374

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6 947
    6 911
    6 800
    6 648
    6 482
    6 378
    6 162
    5 981
    5 997
    6 081

    23 337
    22 848
    22 295
    21 966
    21 597
    21 187
    20 507
    19 773
    19 356
    19 284

    1 900
    1 848
    1 789
    1 746
    1 715
    1 668
    1 631
    1 596
    1 576
    1 589

    1 250
    1 226
    1 201
    1 186
    1 180
    1 163
    1 140
    1 137
    1 116
    1 112

    1 800
    1 797
    1 787
    1 718
    1 602
    1 508
    1 385
    1 322
    1 265
    1 242

    1 234
    1 196
    1 145
    1 120
    1 080
    1 020
    968
    925
    881
    882

    369
    372
    376
    374
    372
    359
    338
    349
    347
    341

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6 173
    6 187
    6 030
    5 848
    5 761
    5 727
    5 568
    5 283
    5 295
    5 375

    19 601
    19 475
    19 023
    18 422
    17 880
    17 315
    16 512
    15 587
    15 158
    15 171

    1 631
    1 596
    1 540
    1 464
    1 378
    1 331
    1 263
    1 172
    1 133
    1 119

    1 104
    1 086
    1 056
    1 027
    991
    957
    918
    869
    844
    828

    1 244
    1 198
    1 125
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    914
    884
    834
    794
    762
    730
    682
    619
    589
    574

    374
    374
    350
    321
    322
    319
    310
    287
    287
    293

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    5 292
    5 221
    4 985
    4 723
    4 562
    4 430
    4 447
    4 291
    4 127
    4 014

    15 018
    14 972
    14 556
    13 792
    13 193
    12 630
    12 539
    12 315
    11 822
    11 338

    1 076
    1 060
    988
    956
    929
    898
    878
    854
    813
    722

    818
    821
    827
    806
    790
    782
    807
    823
    828
    848

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    571
    575
    549
    498
    466
    439
    430
    422
    399
    ...

    289
    282
    261
    241
    227
    218
    217
    205
    199
    193

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4 006
    3 919
    3 791
    3 700
    3 608
    3 477
    3 347
    3 258
    3 207
    3 142

    11 034
    10 785
    10 308
    9 906
    9 637
    9 239
    8 812
    8 520
    8 359
    8 195

    706
    691
    659
    635
    604
    569
    538
    509
    484
    472

    898
    931
    937
    933
    924
    895
    866
    845
    831
    816

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    189
    184
    174
    168
    161
    155
    149
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    3 153
    3 092
    2 989
    3 037
    3 027
    2 934
    2 875
    2 862
    2 821
    2 735

    8 238
    8 035
    7 761
    7 848
    7 831
    7 601
    7 360
    7 385
    7 184
    7 007

    474
    459
    450
    459
    449
    442
    440
    451
    444
    438

    812
    809
    796
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 643
    2 610
    2 612
    2 478
    2 298
    1 955
    1 851
    1 828
    1 912
    1 966

    6 743
    6 654
    6 659
    6 477
    6 077
    5 359
    5 208
    5 154
    5 206
    5 244

    428
    434
    451
    461
    462
    417
    420
    412
    404
    404

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1940 ......................................................
    1939 ......................................................

    1 841
    1 767

    4 909
    4 659

    388
    377

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 23: DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICES

    363

    Table 23-2. Retail Trade CorporationsSales, Net Profit, and Profit per Dollar of Sales, 2002
    (Dollars, cents, percent.)
    Item

    Total retail trade

    Food and beverage stores

    Clothing and general


    merchandise stores

    All other retail stores

    Sales (Billions of Dollars) ..............................................................

    1 415.5

    311.9

    586.1

    517.5

    Net Profit (Billions of Dollars)


    Before income taxes .........................................................................
    After income taxes ............................................................................

    58.7
    37.0

    10.3
    6.6

    25.8
    16.2

    22.6
    14.3

    Profits Per Dollar of Sales (Cents)


    Before income taxes .........................................................................
    After income taxes ............................................................................

    4.2
    2.6

    3.3
    2.1

    4.3
    2.7

    4.4
    2.8

    Profits on Stockholders Equity (Percent)


    Before income taxes .........................................................................
    After income taxes ............................................................................

    22.5
    14.2

    26.4
    16.9

    20.2
    12.6

    23.8
    15.1

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    364

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 23-3. Retail Trade and Food ServicesSales by Kind of Business (NAICS Basis), 19922002
    (Dollars in billions.)
    Kind of business

    1992

    1995

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    RETAIL AND FOOD SERVICES SALES, TOTAL .....

    2 062.5

    2 502.0

    2 778.4

    2 917.6

    3 164.3

    3 378.0

    3 471.6

    3 580.0

    Retail Sales, Total .....................................................


    GAFO, total 1 ...............................................................
    Motor vehicle and parts dealers ..................................
    Automobile and other motor vehicle dealers ...........
    Automobile dealers .............................................
    New car dealers ..............................................
    Used cars dealers ...........................................
    Auto parts, access., and tire stores .........................
    Furniture, home furnishings, electronics and
    appliance stores ..........................................................
    Furniture and home furnishings stores ...................
    Furniture stores ...................................................
    Home furnishings stores .....................................
    Electronics and appliance stores 2 ..........................
    Appl. TV, and other elect. stores .........................
    Computer and software stores ............................
    Building mat. garden equip. and supply stores ...........
    Building mat. and supply dealers ............................
    Food and beverage stores 2 ........................................
    Grocery stores ........................................................
    Beer, wine and liquor stores ...................................
    Health and personal care stores .................................
    Pharmacies and drug stores ...................................
    Gasoline stations ........................................................
    Clothing and clothing access, stores ..........................
    Clothing stores 2 ......................................................
    Mens clothing stores ..........................................
    Womens clothing stores .....................................
    Family clothing stores .........................................
    Shoe stores .............................................................
    Jewelry stores .........................................................
    Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores ..........
    Sporting goods stores .............................................
    Book stores .............................................................
    General merchandise stores .......................................
    Department stores (excl. L.D.) 3 ..............................
    Department stores (incl. L.D.) 3 ...............................
    Other general merchandise stores ..........................
    Warehouse clubs and superstores .....................
    Miscellaneous stores retail ..........................................
    Nonstore retailers ........................................................
    Electronic shopping and mail order .........................
    Fuel dealers ............................................................

    1 859.1
    536.9
    427.6
    377.2
    359.1
    333.8
    25.3
    50.4

    2 268.3
    653.0
    588.0
    528.7
    502.5
    464.6
    37.8
    59.3

    2 520.3
    715.7
    660.7
    596.3
    565.5
    519.0
    46.5
    64.4

    2 645.0
    762.6
    699.5
    631.9
    597.5
    545.1
    52.3
    67.6

    2 878.4
    823.1
    779.8
    707.9
    669.5
    611.6
    57.9
    71.9

    3 071.7
    872.3
    816.6
    742.0
    699.3
    638.8
    60.5
    74.6

    3 153.3
    893.9
    840.5
    766.8
    723.3
    662.2
    61.2
    73.7

    3 245.4
    935.2
    852.7
    777.7
    732.3
    669.2
    63.1
    75.0

    97.8
    55.0
    31.6
    23.4
    42.8
    29.0
    11.5
    160.2
    135.5
    371.5
    337.9
    21.8
    90.8
    77.8
    156.6
    120.3
    85.9
    10.2
    31.8
    33.2
    18.1
    15.2
    49.3
    15.7
    8.3
    248.0
    177.1
    181.3
    70.9
    40.0
    55.8
    81.3
    35.3
    19.3

    130.4
    65.5
    37.0
    28.5
    64.9
    42.1
    20.5
    199.1
    172.3
    391.3
    356.9
    22.1
    102.5
    85.9
    181.3
    131.6
    91.4
    9.3
    28.7
    40.0
    19.8
    19.2
    60.9
    20.0
    11.2
    300.6
    205.9
    210.9
    94.7
    65.1
    77.2
    105.4
    52.7
    21.6

    144.3
    74.1
    41.9
    32.1
    70.2
    43.1
    24.8
    229.5
    197.4
    410.3
    373.1
    24.2
    119.1
    98.8
    199.9
    140.6
    98.5
    10.1
    27.9
    45.3
    20.8
    19.8
    65.6
    21.3
    12.8
    331.5
    220.1
    225.1
    111.3
    81.9
    91.7
    127.4
    70.1
    22.9

    154.6
    78.6
    44.1
    34.4
    76.0
    46.3
    27.2
    243.5
    210.0
    421.6
    382.4
    25.7
    130.2
    108.3
    191.7
    149.4
    104.9
    10.6
    28.7
    49.5
    21.5
    21.5
    69.5
    22.6
    13.4
    351.9
    223.7
    228.5
    128.2
    98.8
    99.8
    133.3
    79.5
    19.7

    167.1
    85.2
    47.0
    38.2
    81.9
    51.4
    27.7
    263.0
    229.3
    442.5
    401.9
    26.9
    143.7
    121.1
    211.3
    160.0
    112.4
    10.5
    30.2
    53.8
    22.0
    24.1
    74.0
    24.2
    14.5
    381.5
    231.0
    236.1
    150.5
    119.3
    105.8
    149.7
    92.6
    20.7

    178.0
    91.7
    50.5
    41.1
    86.4
    56.9
    26.4
    276.2
    241.1
    460.5
    416.7
    29.1
    157.0
    130.9
    246.8
    167.9
    118.6
    10.8
    32.5
    56.4
    22.1
    25.3
    77.9
    26.0
    15.4
    406.2
    233.6
    238.7
    172.6
    140.2
    108.5
    176.2
    110.3
    27.8

    176.7
    91.4
    50.5
    40.9
    85.2
    58.5
    24.1
    287.4
    251.1
    480.5
    434.4
    30.4
    167.6
    141.5
    245.4
    167.2
    119.6
    10.3
    33.1
    56.7
    22.0
    24.2
    79.4
    26.7
    15.8
    430.4
    230.2
    234.3
    200.2
    165.6
    105.0
    173.3
    109.5
    27.2

    185.1
    95.0
    52.6
    42.4
    90.1
    62.3
    25.0
    300.9
    264.8
    490.8
    443.0
    31.3
    180.2
    153.0
    240.9
    171.9
    123.6
    9.9
    34.3
    59.4
    21.8
    25.1
    82.0
    28.0
    15.8
    455.7
    225.9
    230.0
    229.8
    193.5
    104.5
    180.8
    116.7
    25.7

    Food Services and Drinking Places 2 ......................


    Full service restaurants ...............................................
    Limited service eating places ......................................
    Drinking places ...........................................................

    203.4
    86.5
    87.4
    12.4

    233.6
    99.4
    103.1
    12.5

    258.0
    114.6
    109.3
    13.4

    272.6
    119.7
    116.8
    14.1

    285.9
    124.9
    122.2
    14.8

    306.3
    132.9
    131.3
    15.7

    318.3
    138.1
    137.7
    15.9

    334.6
    146.1
    143.9
    17.4

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1GAFO represents store classified in the following NAICS
    2Includes other kinds of business not shown separately.
    3L.D. represents leased departments.

    codes 442, 443, 448, 451, 452, and 4532.

    SECTION 23: DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICES

    365

    Table 23-4. Wholesale TradeEstablishments, Sales, Payroll, and Employees, by Kind of Business, 1997
    Sales
    Kind of business

    Wholesale Trade ....................................................................


    Wholesale trade, nondurable goods ........................................
    Paper and paper product wholesalers ..................................
    Drugs and druggists sundries wholesalers .........................
    Apparel, piece goods and notions wholesalers ...................
    Grocery and related products wholesalers ..........................
    Farm-product raw material wholesalers ...............................
    Chemical and allied products wholesalers ...........................
    Petroleum and petroleum products wholesalers ..................
    Beer, wine and distilled alcoholic bev., wholesalers ............
    Misc nondurable goods wholesale .......................................
    Merchant wholesalers ..............................................................
    Manufacturers sales branches and sales offices ....................
    Agents, brokers and commission merchants ...........................

    Establishments
    (number)

    453 470
    162 841
    15 848
    8 053
    20 707
    41 760
    10 343
    15 920
    11 297
    4 850
    34 063
    376 330
    29 305
    47 835

    Total
    (millions of dollars)

    Per paid employee


    (dollars)

    Total
    (millions of dollars)

    Per paid employee


    (dollars)

    Paid employees for


    pay period including
    March 12
    (thousands)

    4 059 658
    1 879 940
    117 062
    203 148
    124 104
    588 970
    166 786
    128 923
    267 624
    69 703
    213 619
    2 333 131
    1 258 875
    467 652

    700 357
    783 865
    546 128
    1 068 485
    597 880
    688 919
    1 710 260
    777 735
    1 941 710
    459 550
    564 336
    508 187
    1 365 066
    1 650 981

    214 915
    81 678
    7 730
    8 395
    7 760
    26 778
    2 306
    7 241
    4 480
    5 667
    11 321
    158 373
    45 912
    10 630

    37 076
    34 057
    36 064
    44 154
    37 382
    31 322
    23 646
    43 683
    32 503
    37 363
    29 909
    34 496
    49 785
    37 529

    5 797
    2 398
    214
    190
    208
    855
    98
    166
    138
    152
    378
    4 591
    922
    283

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003; 1997 Economic Census.

    Annual payroll

    366

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 23-5. Service-Related IndustriesEstablishments, Employees, and Payroll, by Industry, 2000 and 2001
    (Number in thousands, billions of dollars.)
    Establishments
    (thousands)

    Kind of business
    2000

    Employees
    (thousands) 1
    2001

    2000

    Payroll
    (billions of dollars)
    2001

    2000

    2001

    ALL INDUSTRIES, TOTAL ..............................................................

    7 070

    7 095

    114 065

    115 061

    3 879

    3 989

    Service-Related Industries, Total ..................................................

    3 842

    4 386

    61 662

    62 887

    1 740

    2 032

    Transportation and Warehousing .................................................


    Air transportation ..............................................................................
    Water transportation .........................................................................
    Truck transportation ..........................................................................
    Transit and ground passenger transportation ...................................
    Pipeline transportation ......................................................................
    Scenic and sightseeing transportation ..............................................
    Transportation support activities .......................................................
    Couriers and messengers ................................................................
    Warehousing and storage ................................................................

    190
    5
    2
    110
    16
    3
    2
    31
    12
    7

    191
    5
    2
    110
    16
    3
    2
    32
    13
    7

    3 790
    616
    68
    1 416
    387
    53
    24
    472
    619
    136

    3 751
    609
    70
    1 398
    392
    51
    23
    485
    578
    145

    126
    27
    3
    46
    7
    4
    1
    17
    17
    4

    130
    29
    3
    46
    8
    4
    557
    17
    18
    4

    Information ......................................................................................
    Publishing industries .........................................................................
    Motion picture and sound recording industries .................................
    Broadcasting and telecommunications .............................................
    Information and data processing services ........................................

    134
    33
    23
    55
    23

    137
    32
    23
    60
    23

    3 546
    1 081
    304
    1 632
    529

    3 755
    1 101
    297
    1 777
    580

    209
    75
    12
    89
    34

    207
    69
    12
    94
    32

    Real Estate and Rental and Leasing .............................................


    Real estate .......................................................................................
    Rental and leasing services ..............................................................
    Lessors of other nonfinancial intangible asset ..................................

    300
    235
    63
    2

    307
    241
    64
    2

    1 942
    1 280
    636
    26

    2 014
    1 335
    653
    26

    59
    40
    17
    2

    64
    44
    18
    2

    Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services ........................


    Professional, scientific, and technical services .................................
    Legal services ...............................................................................
    Accounting/tax prep/bookkeep/payroll services ...........................
    Architectural, engineering and related services ............................
    Specialized design services .........................................................
    Computer systems design and related services ...........................
    Management, sci and tech consulting services ............................
    Scientific R&D services ................................................................
    Advertising and related services ...................................................
    Other professional/scientific/technical services ............................

    723
    723
    177
    100
    102
    28
    100
    97
    13
    40
    65

    736
    736
    177
    102
    104
    29
    101
    108
    14
    39
    64

    6 816
    6 816
    1 089
    1 164
    1 213
    140
    1 171
    712
    359
    472
    496

    7 157
    7 157
    1 110
    1 191
    1 286
    148
    1 255
    806
    387
    464
    509

    362
    362
    62
    38
    65
    6
    85
    44
    25
    23
    14

    374
    374
    67
    38
    69
    6
    85
    47
    25
    22
    15

    Management of Companies and Enterprises ...............................

    47

    48

    2 874

    2 879

    211

    213

    Admin/Support Waste Mgt/Remediation Services ......................


    Administrative and support services 2 ..............................................
    Employment services ...................................................................
    Temporary help services ..........................................................
    Business support services ............................................................
    Travel arrangement and reservation services ..............................
    Waste management and remediation services ................................

    352
    336
    42
    28
    35
    33
    16

    363
    346
    45
    30
    34
    32
    17

    9 138
    8 847
    4 573
    3 013
    702
    308
    291

    9 062
    8 761
    4 364
    2 676
    711
    313
    301

    210
    200
    98
    59
    17
    10
    11

    221
    210
    101
    57
    18
    10
    11

    Educational Services .....................................................................

    68

    71

    2 532

    2 612

    62

    67

    Health Care and Social Assistance ...............................................


    Ambulatory health care services ......................................................
    Hospitals ...........................................................................................
    Nursing and residential care facilities ...............................................
    Social assistance ..............................................................................

    659
    459
    7
    63
    129

    671
    467
    7
    65
    132

    14 109
    4 566
    5 015
    2 592
    1 936

    14 535
    4 737
    5 085
    2 671
    2 042

    431
    180
    170
    50
    31

    466
    195
    181
    55
    35

    Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation ............................................


    Perform arts, spectator sports, and related ind 2 ..............................
    Performing arts companies ...............................................................
    Spectator sports ...............................................................................
    Museums, historical sites, and like institutions .................................
    Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries 2 ..........................
    Gambling industries ..........................................................................

    104
    34
    9
    4
    6
    64
    2

    106
    35
    9
    5
    6
    65
    2

    1 741
    352
    126
    100
    110
    1 279
    203

    1 780
    362
    128
    104
    114
    1 305
    216

    43
    19
    3
    9
    3
    22
    5

    46
    20
    3
    10
    3
    23
    5

    Accommodation and Food Services ............................................


    Accommodation 2 .............................................................................
    Traveler accommodation ..................................................................
    RV parks and recreational camps ....................................................
    Food services and drinking places ...................................................
    Full-service restaurants ....................................................................
    Limited-service eating places ...........................................................
    Special food services ........................................................................
    Drinking places (alcoholic beverages) ..............................................

    542
    60
    50
    7
    483
    192
    211
    29
    51

    549
    60
    50
    7
    488
    193
    216
    29
    50

    9 881
    1 768
    1 714
    38
    8 113
    3 897
    3 385
    502
    329

    9 972
    1 753
    1 698
    39
    8 220
    3 963
    3 407
    514
    335

    126
    35
    34
    1
    91
    47
    33
    7
    3

    129
    34
    33
    901
    95
    49
    35
    8
    3

    Other Services (Except Public Administration) ...........................


    Repair and maintenance 2 ................................................................
    Automotive R&M ...............................................................................
    Electronic and precision equipment R&M .........................................
    Personal and laundry services .........................................................
    Religious/grantmaking/prof/like organizations ..................................

    723
    233
    164
    15
    199
    291

    719
    231
    164
    15
    197
    292

    5 293
    1 334
    856
    144
    1 293
    2 666

    5 370
    1 343
    871
    141
    1 312
    2 716

    110
    37
    21
    7
    23
    50

    115
    38
    21
    6
    24
    53

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes
    2Includes

    employees on the payroll for the pay period including March 12.
    other kinds of business not shown separately.

    SECTION 23: DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICES

    367

    Table 23-6. Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order HousesTotal and E-Commerce Sales, by Merchandise
    Line, 2001
    (Millions of dollars, percent.)
    Value of sales
    Kind of business

    Total
    (millions of dollars)

    Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses, Total 1 ......


    Books and magazines ...........................................................
    Clothing and clothing accessories (includes footwear) ..........
    Computer hardware ...............................................................
    Computer software ................................................................
    Drugs, health aids, beauty aids .............................................
    Electronics and appliances ....................................................
    Food, beer and wine ..............................................................
    Furniture and home furnishings ............................................
    Music and videos ...................................................................
    Office equipment and supplies ..............................................
    Sporting goods .......................................................................
    Toys, hobby goods, and games .............................................
    Other merchandise 2 ..............................................................
    Nonmerchandise receipts 3 ....................................................

    109 463
    3 872
    15 351
    21 968
    3 955
    16 203
    3 739
    1 832
    6 530
    3 971
    6 605
    1 640
    3 008
    16 710
    4 079

    E-commerce
    (millions of dollars)

    25 690
    1 739
    3 250
    5 655
    1 203
    950
    1 470
    444
    1 658
    1 306
    1 981
    464
    931
    3 082
    1 557

    E-commerce as percent
    of total sales

    Percent distribution of
    total sales

    24.0
    45.0
    21.0
    26.0
    30.0
    6.0
    39.0
    24.2
    25.4
    32.9
    30.0
    28.3
    31.0
    18.4
    38.2

    100.0
    4.0
    14.0
    20.0
    4.0
    15.0
    3.0
    1.7
    6.0
    3.6
    6.0
    1.5
    2.7
    15.3
    3.7

    Percent distribution of
    E-commerce sales

    100.0
    7.0
    13.0
    22.0
    5.0
    4.0
    6.0
    1.7
    6.5
    5.1
    7.7
    1.8
    3.6
    12.0
    6.1

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1This industry comprises businesses primarily engaged in retailing all types of merchandise through catalogs, television, and the Internet. Data are preliminary
    2Includes other merchandise such as jewelry, collectibles, souvenirs, auto parts and accessories, hardware, and lawn and garden equipment and supplies.
    3Includes nonmerchandise receipts such as auction commissions, shipping and handling, customer training, customer support, and online advertising.

    and, therefore, subject to revision.

    368

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 23-7. Retail Trade and Food ServicesEstimated Per Capita Sales, by Selected Kinds of Business
    (NAICS Basis), 19922002
    (Dollars in billions.)
    Kind of business

    1992

    1994

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    Retail Sales, Total ..................................................................


    Total (Excluding motor vehicle and parts dealers) ...................
    Motor vehicle and parts dealers ...............................................
    Furniture, home furnishings .....................................................
    Electronics and appliance stores .............................................
    Building material and garden equipment and supply stores ....
    Food and beverage stores .......................................................
    Health and personal care stores ..............................................
    Gasoline stations .....................................................................
    Clothing and clothing accessories stores ................................
    Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores ......................
    General merchandise stores ....................................................
    Miscellaneous store retailers ...................................................
    Nonstore retailers ....................................................................

    7 290
    5 613
    1 677
    216
    168
    628
    1 456
    356
    614
    472
    193
    972
    219
    319

    8 283
    6 170
    2 113
    241
    221
    733
    1 480
    374
    658
    497
    221
    1 096
    271
    378

    8 631
    6 394
    2 237
    249
    247
    757
    1 489
    390
    690
    501
    232
    1 144
    294
    401

    9 097
    6 702
    2 395
    262
    258
    802
    1 516
    415
    734
    516
    242
    1 189
    317
    451

    9 412
    6 945
    2 467
    277
    262
    857
    1 532
    445
    746
    525
    245
    1 238
    342
    476

    9 787
    7 199
    2 588
    291
    281
    901
    1 560
    482
    710
    553
    257
    1 302
    369
    493

    10 556
    7 696
    2 860
    313
    300
    964
    1 623
    527
    775
    587
    272
    1 399
    388
    549

    11 264
    8 270
    2 995
    336
    317
    1 013
    1 689
    576
    905
    616
    286
    1 490
    398
    646

    11 052
    8 106
    2 946
    320
    299
    1 007
    1 684
    587
    860
    586
    278
    1 508
    368
    607

    11 254
    8 297
    2 957
    329
    312
    1 042
    1 702
    625
    835
    596
    284
    1 580
    362
    627

    Food Services and Drinking Places .....................................

    798

    867

    889

    916

    964

    1 009

    1 049

    1 123

    1 116

    1 160

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    SECTION 23: DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICES

    369

    Table 23-8. Retail FoodstoresNumber and Sales, by Type (NAICS Basis), 19902001
    (Number in thousands, billions of dollars, percent.)
    Number 1
    (thousands)

    Sales 2
    (billions of dollars)

    Percent distribution

    Type of foodstore

    Number
    1990

    Total ..................................................
    Grocery ..............................................
    Supermarkets 3 ..............................
    Conventional ..............................
    Superstore 4 ...............................
    Warehouse 5 ..............................
    Combination food and drug 6 .....
    Superwarehouse 7 .....................
    Hypermarket 8 ............................
    Convenience stores 9 .....................
    Superette 10 ...................................
    Specialized food stores 11 ..................

    282.6
    190.3
    24.5
    13.2
    5.8
    3.4
    1.6
    0.3
    0.1
    93.0
    72.8
    92.3

    1995

    264.4
    176.9
    25.3
    12.3
    6.8
    2.7
    2.7
    0.6
    0.2
    86.9
    64.7
    87.5

    1999

    247.8
    165.8
    24.4
    10.3
    7.6
    2.4
    3.4
    0.5
    0.2
    82.9
    58.5
    82.0

    2000

    243.8
    163.2
    24.6
    9.9
    7.9
    2.4
    3.7
    0.5
    0.2
    81.9
    56.7
    80.6

    2001

    219.5
    145.4
    23.9
    8.9
    7.9
    2.7
    3.9
    0.5
    0.2
    56.2
    65.2
    74.1

    1990

    368.3
    348.2
    261.7
    92.3
    87.6
    33.1
    29.3
    12.6
    6.8
    37.0
    49.5
    20.1

    1995

    402.5
    382.2
    300.4
    76.4
    116.7
    20.7
    59.3
    17.8
    9.5
    42.4
    39.4
    20.3

    1999

    458.3
    434.7
    325.7
    63.6
    138.9
    20.9
    75.5
    17.1
    9.7
    47.6
    61.4
    23.6

    2000

    483.7
    458.3
    337.3
    63.4
    142.4
    22.0
    81.8
    17.4
    10.3
    48.5
    72.5
    25.4

    2001

    442.0
    425.0
    354.5
    65.8
    152.1
    24.2
    83.8
    17.7
    11.0
    19.5
    51.4
    16.6

    1990

    100.0
    67.3
    8.7
    4.7
    2.1
    1.2
    0.6
    0.1
    ...
    32.9
    25.8
    32.7

    Sales

    2001

    1990

    100.0
    66.3
    10.9
    4.0
    3.6
    1.2
    1.8
    0.2
    0.1
    25.6
    29.7
    33.7

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Estimated.
    2Includes nonfood items.
    3A grocery store, primarily self-service in operation, providing a full range of departments, and having at least $2.5 million in annual sales in 1985 dollars.
    4Contains greater variety of products than conventional supermarkets, including specialty and service departments, and considerable nonfood (general merchandise) products.
    5Contains limited product variety and fewer services provided, incorporating case lot stocking and shelving practices.
    6Contains a pharmacy, a nonprescription drug department, and a greater variety of health and beauty aids than carried by conventional supermarkets.
    7A larger warehouse store that offers expanded product variety and often service meat, deli, or seafood departments.
    8A very large store offering a greater variety of general merchandiselike clothes, hardware, and seasonal goodsand personal care products than other grocery stores.
    9A small grocery store selling a limited variety of food and nonfood products, typically open extended hours.
    10A grocery store, primarily self-service in operation, selling a wide variety of food and nonfood products with annual sales below $2.5 million (1985 dollars).
    11Primarily engaged in the retail sale of a single food category such as meat and seafood stores and retail bakeries.

    100.0
    94.5
    71.1
    25.1
    23.8
    9.0
    8.0
    3.4
    1.8
    10.0
    13.4
    5.5

    2001

    100.0
    96.2
    80.2
    14.9
    34.4
    5.5
    19.0
    4.0
    2.5
    4.4
    11.6
    3.8

    SECTION

    24

    INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS
    AND FOREIGN COMMERCE

    372

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 24

    INTERNATIONAL
    TRANSACTIONS AND
    FOREIGN COMMERCE
    Highlights

    The first edition of the Statistical Abstract of the


    United States, published in 1879, was almost wholly
    devoted to foreign trade and shipping. Data on imports
    of gold, silver coins, and bullion took up 11 of its 154
    pages and nearly 100 pages were devoted to imports
    and exports. The section on exports showed that the
    major U.S. exports were raw cotton and wheat, which
    together accounted for 38 percent of all exports. In the
    early years of the republic, international trade and
    transactions loomed large in the public economy and
    received considerable attention from statisticians,
    because at that time the United States was more heavily
    dependent on foreign markets than it has been in the
    twentieth century. Records of foreign trade have been
    kept by the Treasury Department since August 1, 1789
    (in a more or less complete fashion), although they do
    not show the value of commerce with each country.
    However, Edward Ely, author of International Trade
    Statistics, observes that the United States may be said to
    have an adequate set of import and export statistics
    only since about 1821. No information was compiled on
    the amounts of articles that were imported free of duty
    or on imports subject to specific rates of duty. The total
    dollar value of imports from 1795 to 1801 was apparently estimated by the Secretary of the Treasury, and the
    figures for 1790 to 1794 and from 1802 to 1820 were
    apparently estimated many years later. The adequacy of
    these early records, of course, depends on the use made
    of them. Some of the earliest records were not published officially, and scholars have had to rely on other
    sources, particularly, A View of the United States of
    America by Tench Coxe, A Statistical Manual of the
    United States of America by Samuel Blodgett Jr., A
    Statistical View of Commerce of the United States of
    America by Timothy Pitkin, and the History of
    Domestic and Foreign Commerce of the United States by
    Emory Johnson.

    Foreign trade data are subject to a variety of special statistical problems. The record of gold movements,
    in particular, has been subject to considerable error
    because of smuggling. The Civil War introduced two
    special difficulties. Because the ports of the Southern
    States stopped furnishing reports to the Treasury in
    1861, exports of cotton are based on estimates derived
    from records of recipient countries. A second difficulty
    was introduced in 1862 when the United States abandoned its specie backing (dollars of a fixed parity to
    gold) for money. The dollar fluctuated against foreign
    currencies and gold with each reverse or success of the
    Northern forces. While exports or re-exports continued
    to be valued in specie, domestic exports were recorded
    in mixed values from 1862 until the resumption of
    specie payment in 1879. A third problem affecting the
    comparability of trade statistics arose between 1934 and
    1953, when the foreign exchange value of the dollar was
    allowed to depreciate as a result of the restriction
    placed on gold shipments to foreign countries. World
    War II introduced such complications as Lend-Lease,
    surplus property disposal after the war, and economic
    and military aid.

    In 1820, Congress established the Division of


    Commerce and Navigation in the Register of the
    Treasury. Collectors of Customs were required to compile and transmit annual reports to that office on trade
    and navigation with foreign countries. Beginning in
    1821, these reports were consolidated and published
    annually in Commerce and Navigation of the United
    States. In 1866, Congress established the Bureau of
    Statistics and charged it with the collection of data on
    all articles imported, exported or re-exported classified
    by countries of destination. Since 1866, monthly trade
    statistics have been published in addition to annual
    data.

    373

    SECTION 24: INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS AND FOREIGN COMMERCE

    U.S. International Investment Position


    (U.S.-Owned Assets Abroad), 19802001
    7,000

    6,000

    Dollars (billions)

    5,000

    4,000

    3,000

    2,000

    1,000

    0
    1980

    1983

    1986

    1989

    1992

    1995

    1998

    2001

    Year

    Balance of international payments data for the


    period from 1790 to 1918 are derived basically from private authors. They illustrate U.S. foreign relations, territorial expansion, immigration and the cost of wars and
    the Civil War. For example, $600,000 was paid between
    1794 and 1796 to the Barbary pirates; $11.2 million was
    paid to France in 1803 for the Louisiana Purchase; $15
    million was given to Mexico between 1849 and 1852 for
    territory now constituting Arizona, New Mexico,
    California, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado; $10 million
    was paid to Mexico between 1854 and 1856 for the
    Gadsden Purchase; $7.1 million was given to Russia in
    1869 for Alaska; and $20 million was paid to Spain in
    1898 for the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.
    Similarly, the United States received $5.5 million from
    France between 1836 and 1838 as indemnity for losses
    suffered during the Napoleonic Wars, as well as $15.5
    million from Great Britain for losses suffered from
    British privateers during the Civil War. After World War
    II, the United States became a grantor, providing extensive grants and credits to its allies in the Cold War. Data
    for foreign aid programs are presented by the Agency
    for International Development.

    Exports and imports constitute the backbone of


    foreign trade. The Bureau of the Census compiles
    export data primarily from the Shippers Export
    Declarations that are required to be filed with customs

    officials for shipments leaving the United States. Import


    data are compiled from various required customs forms
    as well. The data suffer from serious underreporting
    because of the exclusion of low-valued shipments
    exported and imported. For exports, the minimum is
    $2,500 and for imports it is $1,250. Data for shipments
    below these limits are estimated, and such estimates
    may have a wide margin of error. Low value shipments
    are believed to represent less than 2.5 percent of U.S.
    exports and 4 percent of U.S. imports. Since 1982,
    import prices have been based on customs values and
    export prices on f.a.s. (free alongside ship) values at the
    U.S. port of export.

    Since 1983, foreign assets in the United States have


    exceeded U.S. assets abroad by a considerable margin.
    In 2001, foreign assets in the United States exceeded $9
    trillion, and U.S. assets abroad were $6.863 trillion at
    market value. Similarly, the United States runs a deficit
    on current accounts in international transactions, with
    exports worth $1.230 trillion and imports of $1.652 trillion. Generally, the United States has a negative balance
    in transactions with almost all countries and areas.
    Exceptions are Belgium-Luxembourg and the
    Netherlands. The United States has a shortfall in merchandise trade, which is partially offset by a surplus on
    net private service transactions and travel and transportation receipts.

    374

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Foreign direct investment in the United States rose


    from $83 billion in 1980 to $403.7 billion in 1990 and
    $811.756 billion in 1998. The United Kingdom is the
    largest single direct investor in the United States with
    $269.321 billion, followed by Germany ($164.017 billion), the Netherlands ($157.596 billion), Japan
    ($150.008 billion), France ($148.282 billion), Switzerland
    ($118.447 billion), Luxembourg ($34.111 billion),
    Ireland ($24.958 billion), Australia ($22.289 billion), and
    Sweden ($22.011 billion).

    Of U.S. foreign investment of $1,520.965 billion in


    2002, Europe accounted for over 52 percent. Latin
    America accounted for 17.9 percent, Africa for 1.0 percent, the Middle East for 0.9 percent, and Asia and the
    Pacific for 17.7 percent.

    Between 1966 and 2002, the United States extended over $350 billion as grants and credits to foreign
    countries. Grants and credits to Western Europe, the
    Western hemisphere, and the Pacific have tapered off
    since the 1980s, while those to Eastern Europe, Near
    East and South Asia, and Africa increased. In 2002,
    grants and credits to Western Europe were $104 million,
    Eastern Europe $1,464 million, Near East and South
    Asia $5,656 million, Africa $2,015 million, Far East and
    Pacific $141 million, and Western Hemisphere $704 million.

    10

    Total economic and military aid in 2000 totaled


    $16.943 billion, of which economic aid accounted for
    $11.740 billion and military aid for $3.679 billion.

    11
    Israel receives the most military and economic
    aid from the United States. In 2000, military aid totaled
    $3.12 billion and economic aid $949.1 million. Israel
    received 60 percent of all military assistance and 8.1
    percent of all economic assistance granted by the
    United States. Egypt also receives heavy military and
    economic assistance: $1.3 billion of the former and
    $741.4 million of the latter.

    12
    The United States has always maintained a
    healthy balance in services, unlike in merchandise trade.
    In 2002, it had a balance of $64.834 billion in services. In
    merchandise trade, however, it had a surplus in trade in
    agricultural products of $12.7 billion, but a massive
    deficit of $368.8 billion in manufactured goods and
    $105.4 billion in mineral fuels.

    13

    Texas leads all states in exports with $95.396 billion, followed by California ($92.214 billion), New York
    ($36.977 billion), Washington ($34.627 billion),
    Michigan ($33.755 billion), Ohio ($27.723 billion),
    Illinois ($25.686 billion), Florida ($24.544 billion),
    Louisiana ($17.567 billion), and New Jersey ($17.002
    billion).

    14
    California also leads in agricultural exports with
    $8.698 billion, followed by Texas ($3.333 billion), Iowa
    ($3.259 billion), Kansas ($3.099 billion), Illinois ($3.057
    billion), and Nebraska ($2.915 billion).

    SECTION 24: INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS AND FOREIGN COMMERCE

    375

    Table 24-1Series U 1-25. U.S. Exports and Imports of Goods and Services and Income Receipts and
    Payments, 19602002
    (Dollars in millions.)
    Exports of goods and services and income receipts
    Year
    Total

    Goods

    Import of goods and services and income receipts

    Income on
    U.S.-owned
    assets

    Travel

    Total

    Goods

    Direct military
    expenditures

    Income payments
    on foreign-owned
    assets in U.S.

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    1 229 649
    1 284 942

    681 874
    718 712

    66 547
    71 893

    252 379
    274 272

    -1 651 657
    -1 632 072

    -1 164 746
    -1 145 927

    -19 245
    -14 975

    -251 108
    -258 571

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 416 915
    1 255 671
    1 191 206
    1 194 899
    1 077 148
    1 005 645
    868 460
    776 921
    748 881
    727 557

    771 994
    683 965
    670 416
    678 366
    612 113
    575 204
    502 859
    456 943
    439 631
    414 083

    82 400
    74 801
    71 325
    73 426
    69 809
    63 395
    58 417
    57 875
    54 742
    48 385

    343 928
    287 450
    256 211
    258 756
    224 090
    209 741
    163 895
    132 725
    130 631
    147 924

    -1 772 694
    -1 499 762
    -1 347 462
    -1 281 291
    -1 155 489
    -1 075 674
    -948 555
    -821 797
    -763 741
    -734 563

    -1 224 417
    -1 029 987
    -917 112
    -876 485
    -803 113
    -749 374
    -668 690
    -589 394
    -536 528
    -491 020

    -13 473
    -13 335
    -12 185
    -11 707
    -11 061
    -10 043
    -10 217
    -12 086
    -13 835
    -16 409

    -319 737
    -265 133
    -244 757
    -233 705
    -195 443
    -180 617
    -142 792
    -105 123
    -104 349
    -121 058

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    706 975
    648 290
    567 862
    457 053
    407 098
    387 612
    399 913
    356 106
    366 983
    380 928

    387 401
    359 916
    320 230
    250 208
    223 344
    215 915
    219 926
    201 799
    211 157
    237 044

    43 007
    36 205
    29 434
    23 563
    20 385
    17 762
    17 177
    10 947
    12 393
    12 913

    170 570
    160 270
    135 718
    107 190
    96 156
    98 542
    108 819
    90 000
    91 747
    86 529

    -759 287
    -721 607
    -663 741
    -594 443
    -530 142
    -483 769
    -473 923
    -377 488
    -355 975
    -364 196

    -498 435
    -477 665
    -447 189
    -409 765
    -368 425
    -338 088
    -332 418
    -268 901
    -247 642
    -265 067

    -17 531
    -15 313
    -15 604
    -14 950
    -13 730
    -13 108
    -12 516
    -13 087
    -12 460
    -11 564

    -139 728
    -139 177
    -116 179
    -91 553
    -78 893
    -72 819
    -73 756
    -53 614
    -56 583
    -53 626

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    344 440
    287 965
    220 516
    184 655
    172 090
    157 936
    148 484
    113 050
    81 986
    72 384

    224 250
    184 439
    142 075
    120 816
    114 745
    107 088
    98 306
    71 410
    49 381
    43 319

    10 588
    8 441
    7 183
    6 150
    5 742
    4 697
    4 032
    3 412
    2 817
    2 534

    72 606
    63 834
    42 088
    32 354
    29 375
    25 351
    27 587
    21 808
    14 765
    12 707

    -333 774
    -281 657
    -229 870
    -193 764
    -162 109
    -132 745
    -137 274
    -98 997
    -79 237
    -66 414

    -249 750
    -212 007
    -176 002
    -151 907
    -124 228
    -98 185
    -103 811
    -70 499
    -55 797
    -45 579

    -10 851
    -8 294
    -7 352
    -5 823
    -4 895
    -4 795
    -5 032
    -4 629
    -4 784
    -4 819

    -42 532
    -32 961
    -21 680
    -14 217
    -13 311
    -12 564
    -12 084
    -9 655
    -6 572
    -5 435

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    68 387
    60 132
    54 911
    49 353
    46 454
    42 722
    40 165
    35 776
    33 340
    31 402

    42 469
    36 414
    33 626
    30 666
    29 310
    26 461
    25 501
    22 272
    20 781
    20 108

    2 331
    2 043
    1 775
    1 646
    1 590
    1 380
    1 207
    1 015
    957
    947

    11 748
    10 913
    9 367
    8 021
    7 528
    7 437
    6 824
    6 157
    5 618
    4 999

    -59 901
    -53 998
    -48 671
    -41 476
    -38 468
    -32 708
    -29 102
    -26 970
    -25 676
    -23 453

    -39 866
    -35 807
    -32 991
    -26 866
    -25 493
    -21 510
    -18 700
    -17 048
    -16 260
    -14 537

    -4 855
    -4 856
    -4 535
    -4 378
    -3 764
    -2 952
    -2 880
    -2 961
    -3 105
    -2 998

    -5 515
    -4 869
    -3 378
    -2 747
    -2 481
    -2 088
    -1 783
    -1 560
    -1 324
    -1 245

    1960 ......................................................

    30 556

    19 650

    919

    4 616

    -23 670

    -14 758

    -3 087

    -1 238

    Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis.

    376

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 24-2Series U 26-39. International Investment Position of the United States, 18432001
    (Dollars in millions.)
    U.S.-owned assets abroad 1

    Total foreign-owned
    assets in U.S. 1

    Year
    Total 2

    U.S. government 2

    Private

    2001 ......................................................

    6 187

    5 972

    216

    8 167

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6 229
    5 965
    5 091
    4 568
    4 013
    3 452
    2 999
    2 754
    2 332
    2 286

    6 016
    5 745
    4 858
    4 347
    3 766
    3 191
    2 751
    2 505
    2 101
    2 046

    214
    221
    233
    221
    247
    261
    247
    248
    230
    241

    7 617
    6 763
    6 010
    5 401
    4 534
    3 948
    3 311
    3 061
    2 763
    2 596

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 179
    2 071
    1 830
    1 647
    1 469
    1 287
    1 205
    1 211
    1 108
    1 002

    1 920
    1 816
    1 598
    1 393
    1 238
    1 080
    1 013
    1 006
    888
    806

    259
    255
    232
    253
    232
    208
    192
    205
    220
    195

    2 424
    2 330
    2 008
    1 727
    1 506
    1 233
    1 044
    913
    779
    662

    1980 ......................................................
    1979 ......................................................
    1978 ......................................................
    1977 ......................................................
    1976 3 ....................................................
    1976 4 ....................................................
    1975 ......................................................
    1974 ......................................................
    1973 ......................................................
    1972 ......................................................
    1971 ......................................................

    930
    787
    621
    512
    457
    347
    295
    256
    226
    201
    181

    693
    585
    499
    410
    368
    282
    237
    202
    165
    146
    130

    237
    202
    123
    102
    89.0
    46.0
    41.8
    38.3
    38.8
    36.1
    34.2

    569
    470
    415
    341
    292
    264
    221
    197
    163
    149
    123

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    167
    158
    147
    135
    125
    120
    115
    104
    96.5
    92.0

    120
    110
    102
    93.6
    86.4
    81.5
    75.9
    66.6
    60.1
    55.6

    46.7
    47.7
    44.3
    41.1
    38.8
    38.8
    38.8
    37.4
    36.4
    36.4

    97.7
    90.8
    81.2
    69.7
    60.4
    58.8
    56.9
    51.5
    46.3
    46.0

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    85.6
    82.2
    79.2
    76.4
    70.8
    65.1
    62.4
    60.2
    59.1
    56.4

    49.3
    44.8
    41.1
    36.9
    33.4
    29.1
    26.6
    23.8
    22.7
    20.8

    36.3
    37.4
    38.1
    39.5
    37.4
    35.9
    35.8
    36.4
    36.4
    35.6

    40.9
    39.1
    34.4
    30.7
    30.5
    27.8
    25.0
    21.9
    20.8
    18.7

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    54.4
    53.9
    52.5
    48.3
    39.4
    36.9

    19.0
    16.9
    16.3
    14.9
    13.5
    14.7

    35.4
    37.0
    36.2
    33.4
    25.9
    22.2

    17.6
    14.8
    14.4
    13.8
    15.2
    17.0

    1940 ......................................................
    1935 ......................................................
    1931 ......................................................

    34.3
    23.6
    20.1

    12.2
    13.5
    15.9

    22.1
    10.1
    4.2

    13.5
    6.4
    3.8

    1930 ......................................................
    1927 ......................................................
    1924 ......................................................
    1919 ......................................................
    1914 (June 30) ......................................
    1908 ......................................................

    21.5
    17.9
    15.1
    9.7
    5.0
    2.5

    17.2
    13.8
    10.9
    7.0
    3.5
    2.5

    4.3
    4.1
    4.2
    2.7
    1.5
    ...

    8.4
    6.6
    3.9
    3.3
    7.2
    6.4

    1897 ......................................................
    1869 ......................................................
    1843 ......................................................

    0.7
    0.1
    ...

    0.7
    0.1
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...

    3.4
    1.5
    0.2

    Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis.


    1From 1976 to the present, direct investment is valued
    2Beginning 1914, includes U.S. monetary gold stock.
    3Comparable with later years.
    4Comparable with earlier years.

    . . . = Not available.

    at current (i.e., replacement) cost. Previously, it was valued at book value (historical cost).

    SECTION 24: INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS AND FOREIGN COMMERCE

    377

    Table 24-3Series U 41-46. Value of Direct Investment in Foreign Countries, 19292002


    (Dollars in millions, historical cost basis.)
    Year

    Total, all areas

    Latin America and other


    Western Hemisphere

    Canada

    Western Europe 1

    2002 ..................................................................................................
    2001 ..................................................................................................

    1 520 965
    1 383 225

    152 522
    141 789

    272 363
    282 328

    796 913
    716 901

    2000 ..................................................................................................
    1999 ..................................................................................................
    1998 ..................................................................................................
    1997 ..................................................................................................
    1996 ..................................................................................................
    1995 ..................................................................................................
    1994 ..................................................................................................
    1993 ..................................................................................................
    1992 ..................................................................................................
    1991 ..................................................................................................

    1 316 247
    1 215 960
    1 000 703
    871 316
    795 195
    699 015
    612 893
    564 283
    502 063
    467 844

    132 472
    119 590
    98 200
    96 626
    89 592
    83 498
    74 221
    69 922
    68 690
    70 711

    266 576
    253 928
    196 755
    180 818
    155 925
    131 377
    116 478
    59 302
    54 339
    48 546

    687 320
    627 754
    518 433
    425 139
    389 378
    344 596
    297 133
    285 735
    248 744
    235 163

    1990 ..................................................................................................
    1989 ..................................................................................................
    1988 ..................................................................................................
    1987 ..................................................................................................
    1986 ..................................................................................................
    1985 ..................................................................................................
    1984 ..................................................................................................
    1983 ..................................................................................................
    1982 ..................................................................................................
    1981 ..................................................................................................

    421 494
    370 091
    335 893
    314 307
    259 582
    230 250
    211 480
    207 203
    221 343
    226 359

    68 431
    65 548
    62 656
    57 783
    49 994
    46 909
    46 730
    44 339
    44 509
    45 129

    72 467
    62 727
    53 506
    47 551
    34 790
    28 261
    24 627
    24 133
    31 175
    30 020

    214 739
    175 213
    157 077
    150 439
    122 165
    105 171
    91 589
    92 178
    99 877
    101 514

    1980 ..................................................................................................
    1979 ..................................................................................................
    1978 ..................................................................................................
    1977 ..................................................................................................
    1976 ..................................................................................................
    1975 ..................................................................................................
    1974 ..................................................................................................
    1973 ..................................................................................................
    1972 ..................................................................................................
    1971 ..................................................................................................

    215 375
    187 658
    167 804
    149 848
    136 809
    124 050
    118 819
    103 675
    94 337
    86 198

    45 119
    40 662
    37 071
    35 200
    33 838
    31 038
    28 404
    25 541
    25 771
    24 105

    38 761
    22 792
    21 467
    18 882
    17 125
    16 394
    14 597
    13 527
    13 667
    12 982

    96 287
    85 056
    69 553
    60 930
    55 139
    49 305
    44 782
    38 255
    30 817
    27 740

    1970 ..................................................................................................
    1969 ..................................................................................................
    1968 ..................................................................................................
    1967 ..................................................................................................
    1966 ..................................................................................................
    1965 ..................................................................................................
    1964 ..................................................................................................
    1963 ..................................................................................................
    1962 ..................................................................................................
    1961 ..................................................................................................

    78 178
    71 016
    64 983
    59 491
    54 799
    49 474
    44 480
    40 736
    37 276
    34 717

    22 790
    21 127
    19 535
    18 102
    17 017
    15 318
    13 855
    13 044
    12 133
    11 602

    12 252
    11 694
    11 033
    10 270
    9 876
    9 441
    8 742
    8 712
    8 474
    8 286

    24 516
    21 650
    19 407
    17 926
    16 234
    13 985
    12 129
    10 340
    8 930
    7 742

    1960 ..................................................................................................
    1959 ..................................................................................................
    1958 ..................................................................................................
    1957 ..................................................................................................
    1956 ..................................................................................................
    1955 ..................................................................................................
    1954 ..................................................................................................
    1953 ..................................................................................................
    1952 ..................................................................................................
    1951 ..................................................................................................

    31 865
    29 827
    27 409
    25 394
    22 505
    19 395
    17 631
    16 253
    14 721
    12 979

    11 197
    10 310
    9 470
    8 769
    7 795
    6 761
    6 043
    5 349
    4 641
    3 969

    7 481
    8 120
    7 773
    7 434
    6 844
    6 031
    5 741
    5 589
    5 355
    4 818

    6 691
    5 323
    4 573
    4 151
    3 561
    3 002
    2 643
    2 375
    2 153
    1 989

    1950 ..................................................................................................
    1940 ..................................................................................................
    1936 ..................................................................................................
    1929 ..................................................................................................

    11 788
    7 000
    6 691
    7 528

    3 579
    2 103
    1 952
    2 010

    4 445
    2 771
    2 847
    3 519

    1 733
    1 420
    1 245
    1 353

    Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis.


    1Western

    Europe includes Eastern Europe for 1929, 1936, and 1940 but excludes Turkey for 1936 and 1940.

    378

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 24-4Series U 47-62. Value of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States, by Area and Industry
    (SIC and NAICS Basis), 19372002
    (Dollars in millions.)
    All areas

    Canada

    Year
    Total 1

    Petroleum

    Manufacturing

    Finance and
    insurance

    Total 1

    Petroleum

    Manufacturing

    Finance and
    insurance

    NAICS Basis
    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    1 347 994
    1 355 114

    111 690
    102 743

    470 893
    484 042

    162 853
    174 109

    92 041
    102 127

    ...
    ...

    23 343
    26 854

    25 332
    25 289

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 256 867
    955 726
    778 418
    681 842

    85 713
    50 550
    48 469
    40 674

    480 561
    406 415
    344 564
    278 431

    167 007
    132 203
    111 924
    103 683

    114 309
    90 559
    72 696
    65 175

    ...
    2 399
    ...
    ...

    46 504
    29 524
    25 621
    24 830

    19 904
    16 982
    15 434
    12 576

    SIC Basis
    1996 ......................................................
    1995 ......................................................
    1994 ......................................................
    1993 ......................................................
    1992 ......................................................
    1991 ......................................................

    598 021
    535 553
    480 667
    467 412
    423 131
    419 108

    43 483
    34 907
    32 290
    32 214
    34 746
    40 051

    245 662
    214 504
    189 459
    168 147
    160 360
    157 115

    124 919
    119 333
    91 099
    74 733
    48 780
    44 748

    54 836
    45 618
    41 219
    40 373
    37 515
    36 834

    3 220
    3 240
    3 097
    2 455
    2 443
    2 468

    23 096
    20 320
    17 439
    15 303
    15 598
    15 716

    13 384
    10 900
    8 364
    8 168
    7 235
    7 354

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    394 911
    368 924
    314 754
    263 394
    220 414
    184 615
    164 583
    137 061
    124 677
    90 421

    42 882
    40 345
    36 006
    37 815
    29 094
    28 270
    25 400
    18 209
    17 660
    18 005

    152 805
    150 949
    122 582
    93 865
    71 963
    59 584
    51 802
    47 665
    44 065
    29 976

    58 437
    58 215
    44 010
    39 455
    34 978
    27 429
    24 881
    10 934
    17 933
    12 574

    29 544
    30 370
    26 566
    24 684
    20 318
    17 131
    15 286
    11 434
    11 708
    9 883

    1 417
    1 233
    1 181
    1 088
    1 432
    1 589
    1 544
    1 391
    1 550
    1 387

    9 327
    9 934
    9 730
    8 085
    6 108
    4 607
    4 115
    3 313
    3 500
    3 519

    7 325
    7 227
    5 769
    5 797
    4 283
    4 008
    3 245
    1 061
    1 801
    818

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    83 046
    54 462
    42 471
    34 595
    30 770
    27 662
    22 421
    18 284
    14 868
    13 914

    12 200
    9 906
    7 762
    6 573
    5 921
    6 213
    5 979
    4 649
    3 272
    3 139

    32 993
    20 876
    17 202
    14 030
    12 620
    11 386
    10 685
    8 559
    7 262
    6 722

    12 027
    7 575
    5 231
    4 544
    2 943
    3 152
    2 864
    2 854
    2 911
    2 553

    12 162
    7 154
    6 180
    5 650
    5 907
    5 352
    4 930
    4 044
    3 466
    3 335

    1 817
    943
    723
    710
    676
    596
    468
    296
    243
    207

    5 227
    3 615
    3 213
    3 077
    3 386
    3 061
    2 966
    2 430
    2 201
    2 013

    1 612
    505
    397
    367
    422
    341
    342
    320
    353
    330

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    13 270
    11 818
    10 815
    9 923
    9 054
    8 797
    8 363
    7 944
    7 612
    7 392

    2 992
    2 493
    2 261
    1 885
    1 740
    1 710
    1 621
    1 513
    1 419
    1 325

    6 140
    5 344
    4 475
    4 181
    3 789
    3 478
    3 213
    3 018
    2 885
    2 754

    2 256
    2 189
    2 305
    2 193
    2 072
    2 169
    2 181
    2 045
    1 943
    2 025

    3 117
    2 834
    2 659
    2 575
    2 439
    2 388
    2 284
    2 183
    2 064
    1 989

    190
    132
    100
    99
    98
    208
    205
    213
    212
    194

    1 836
    1 644
    1 413
    1 397
    1 342
    1 219
    1 129
    1 063
    1 015
    975

    324
    352
    376
    354
    386
    370
    382
    337
    269
    274

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6 910
    6 604
    6 115
    5 710
    5 459
    5 076
    4 633
    4 251
    3 945
    3 658

    1 238
    1 184
    1 099
    1 043
    937
    853
    776
    706
    552
    466

    2 611
    2 471
    2 232
    2 083
    1 940
    1 759
    1 582
    1 451
    1 377
    1 274

    1 810
    1 734
    1 660
    1 496
    1 534
    1 499
    1 371
    1 219
    1 170
    1 105

    1 934
    1 896
    1 835
    1 773
    1 690
    1 542
    1 427
    1 350
    1 218
    1 119

    203
    207
    214
    211
    200
    196
    192
    168
    90
    62

    932
    907
    863
    816
    775
    711
    651
    611
    592
    525

    246
    227
    222
    208
    196
    179
    168
    162
    149
    150

    1950 ......................................................
    1941 ......................................................
    1937 ......................................................

    3 391
    2 312
    1 882

    405
    222
    283

    1 138
    714
    729

    1 065
    521
    412

    1 029
    530
    463

    56
    ...
    ...

    468
    ...
    ...

    153
    ...
    ...

    1Includes industries not shown separately: mining and smelting, transportation and utilities, trade and miscellaneous.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 24: INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS AND FOREIGN COMMERCE

    379

    Table 24-4Series U 47-62. Value of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States, by Area and Industry
    (SIC and NAICS Basis), 19372002Continued
    (Dollars in millions.)
    Europe

    United Kingdom

    Year
    Total 1

    NAICS Basis
    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    Petroleum

    Manufacturing

    Finance and
    insurance

    Total 1

    Petroleum

    Manufacturing

    Finance and
    insurance

    1 006 530
    1 005 606

    ...
    ...

    383 544
    391 570

    113 419
    121 091

    283 317
    269 321

    ...
    ...

    74 243
    72 809

    9 064
    5 126

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    887 014
    639 923
    518 576
    428 721

    ...
    46 689
    ...
    ...

    363 494
    306 565
    265 376
    205 461

    117 671
    90 151
    76 472
    65 343

    277 613
    153 797
    137 489
    129 421

    ...
    32 189
    ...
    ...

    81 602
    84 636
    80 350
    68 249

    12 163
    10 038
    13 394
    16 261

    SIC Basis
    1996 ......................................................
    1995 ......................................................
    1994 ......................................................
    1993 ......................................................
    1992 ......................................................
    1991 ......................................................

    370 843
    332 374
    294 035
    285 004
    249 904
    256 053

    29 194
    24 039
    23 947
    29 396
    29 167
    31 436

    176 309
    156 543
    138 751
    124 454
    115 215
    114 248

    71 960
    67 908
    53 074
    46 895
    28 550
    27 715

    121 582
    116 272
    98 732
    98 739
    86 587
    100 085

    11 060
    9 275
    9 489
    9 963
    11 080
    14 068

    58 675
    56 703
    47 334
    42 783
    40 818
    41 924

    21 021
    21 821
    14 615
    19 927
    12 436
    13 391

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    247 320
    239 190
    208 942
    181 006
    144 181
    121 413
    108 211
    92 936
    83 193
    60 510

    31 197
    32 476
    33 499
    35 700
    26 139
    25 636
    23 142
    16 326
    15 071
    14 937

    125 568
    120 132
    95 641
    74 300
    56 016
    45 841
    39 083
    36 866
    33 032
    21 995

    30 329
    31 609
    27 121
    26 336
    21 787
    17 022
    15 945
    8 450
    12 601
    8 841

    98 676
    103 458
    95 698
    75 519
    55 935
    43 555
    38 387
    32 152
    28 447
    15 576

    15 310
    16 545
    19 522
    17 950
    11 758
    12 155
    10 991
    5 955
    5 444
    -165

    52 955
    51 798
    41 708
    30 372
    16 500
    11 687
    9 179
    9 221
    8 504
    6 109

    13 139
    11 859
    11 256
    9 801
    10 163
    6 483
    5 485
    3 777
    5 661
    4 330

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    54 688
    37 403
    29 180
    23 754
    20 162
    18 584
    14 627
    12 504
    11 087
    10 336

    10 137
    8 010
    6 569
    5 523
    4 999
    5 478
    3 871
    3 438
    3 011
    2 893

    21 953
    13 952
    11 717
    9 267
    7 426
    6 673
    7 143
    5 828
    4 836
    4 455

    8 673
    5 529
    3 575
    3 076
    2 637
    2 088
    2 181
    2 261
    2 335
    2 047

    14 105
    9 796
    7 638
    6 397
    5 802
    6 331
    6 188
    5 649
    4 987
    4 853

    -257
    199
    492
    486
    602
    ...
    1 650
    1 377
    1 297
    1 270

    6 159
    3 547
    3 014
    2 305
    1 963
    1 833
    2 476
    2 250
    1 719
    1 615

    3 350
    2 432
    1 596
    1 425
    1 211
    932
    1 363
    1 506
    1 567
    1 326

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    9 554
    8 510
    7 750
    7 005
    6 273
    6 076
    5 819
    5 491
    5 245
    5 129

    2 777
    2 322
    2 146
    1 772
    1 620
    1 481
    1 404
    1 306
    1 203
    1 125

    4 091
    3 530
    2 941
    2 669
    2 335
    2 167
    2 005
    1 881
    1 797
    1 708

    1 805
    1 766
    1 855
    1 758
    1 611
    1 724
    1 723
    1 640
    1 611
    1 690

    4 127
    3 496
    3 409
    3 156
    2 864
    2 852
    2 796
    2 665
    2 474
    2 484

    1 220
    829
    749
    612
    558
    511
    498
    480
    416
    381

    1 391
    1 176
    1 076
    1 009
    906
    839
    812
    779
    762
    750

    1 141
    1 143
    1 239
    1 189
    1 075
    1 176
    1 154
    1 085
    1 023
    1 091

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4 707
    4 452
    4 070
    3 753
    3 598
    3 369
    3 049
    2 751
    2 575
    2 410

    1 028
    972
    885
    832
    737
    657
    584
    538
    462
    404

    1 611
    1 501
    1 332
    1 248
    1 155
    1 040
    925
    836
    782
    747

    1 504
    1 451
    1 384
    1 238
    1 289
    1 272
    1 158
    1 014
    977
    912

    2 248
    2 167
    2 024
    1 881
    1 833
    1 749
    1 590
    1 422
    1 345
    1 273

    339
    316
    283
    271
    227
    204
    180
    163
    137
    118

    722
    698
    640
    611
    566
    510
    460
    419
    395
    388

    953
    927
    889
    794
    841
    836
    751
    647
    626
    583

    1950 ......................................................
    1941 ......................................................
    1937 ......................................................

    2 228
    1 569
    1 337

    349
    ...
    ...

    669
    ...
    ...

    870
    ...
    ...

    1 168
    712
    833

    95
    ...
    ...

    337
    ...
    ...

    554
    ...
    ...

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997

    Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis.


    1Includes industries not shown separately: mining and smelting, transportation and utilities, trade and miscellaneous.
    . . . = Not available.

    380

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 24-5Series U 187-200. Value of Exports and Imports, 17902002


    (Dollars in millions.)
    Merchandise 1
    Year

    Exports and re-export

    Excess of exports (+) or imports (-)


    Total general imports

    Total

    Exports of U.S. merchandise

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    693 100
    729 100

    ...
    ...

    1 161 366
    1 140 999

    -470 260
    -411 900

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    781 900
    695 800
    682 100
    689 200
    625 100
    584 700
    512 600
    465 100
    448 200
    421 900

    ...
    ...
    659 000
    662 600
    597 700
    553 200
    486 000
    441 400
    412 900
    400 900

    1 218 022
    1 024 618
    911 896
    870 700
    795 300
    743 400
    663 300
    580 700
    532 700
    488 100

    -436 104
    -328 821
    -229 800
    -181 500
    -170 200
    -158 700
    -150 700
    -115 600
    -84 500
    -66 200

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    393 600
    363 800
    322 400
    254 100
    217 300
    213 100
    217 900
    200 500
    212 300
    233 700

    375 100
    349 400
    310 000
    243 900
    206 400
    206 900
    212 100
    196 000
    207 100
    228 900

    495 300
    473 400
    441 000
    406 200
    370 000
    345 300
    325 700
    258 000
    244 000
    261 000

    -101 700
    -109 600
    -118 600
    -152 100
    -152 700
    -132 100
    -107 900
    -57 500
    -31 800
    -27 300

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    220 600
    181 900
    143 700
    121 200
    115 200
    107 700
    98 100
    70 800
    49 200
    43 500

    216 500
    178 600
    141 000
    118 900
    113 500
    106 100
    96 500
    69 700
    48 400
    42 900

    244 900
    209 500
    174 800
    150 400
    123 500
    98 500
    102 600
    69 500
    55 600
    45 600

    -24 200
    -27 600
    -31 100
    -29 200
    -8 300
    9 100
    -4 500
    1 300
    -6 400
    -2 000

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    43 224
    38 006
    34 636
    31 526
    30 320
    27 470
    26 508
    23 347
    21 700
    20 999

    42 590
    37 462
    34 199
    31 142
    29 884
    27 127
    26 156
    23 062
    21 431
    20 755

    39 952
    36 043
    33 226
    26 812
    25 542
    21 364
    18 684
    17 138
    16 380
    14 714

    3 272
    1 964
    1 410
    4 714
    4 777
    6 105
    7 824
    6 209
    5 320
    6 286

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    20 575
    17 634
    17 910
    20 850
    19 090
    15 547
    15 110
    15 774
    15 201
    15 032

    20 375
    17 451
    17 745
    20 671
    18 940
    15 419
    14 981
    15 652
    15 049
    14 879

    14 654
    15 207
    12 792
    12 982
    12 615
    11 384
    10 215
    10 873
    10 717
    10 967

    5 922
    2 427
    5 118
    7 868
    6 475
    4 163
    4 894
    4 900
    4 483
    4 065

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    10 275
    12 051
    12 653
    14 430
    9 738
    9 806
    14 259
    12 965
    8 079
    5 147

    10 142
    11 936
    12 532
    14 252
    9 500
    9 585
    14 162
    12 842
    8 003
    5 020

    8 852
    6 622
    7 124
    5 756
    4 942
    4 159
    3 929
    3 381
    2 756
    3 345

    1 423
    5 429
    5 529
    8 673
    4 796
    5 646
    10 330
    9 583
    5 323
    1 802

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4 021
    3 177
    3 094
    3 349
    2 456
    2 283
    2 133
    1 675
    1 611
    2 424

    3 934
    3 123
    3 057
    3 299
    2 419
    2 243
    2 100
    1 647
    1 576
    2 378

    2 625
    2 318
    1 960
    3 084
    2 423
    2 047
    1 655
    1 450
    1 323
    2 091

    1 396
    859
    1 134
    265
    33
    235
    478
    225
    288
    334

    1Includes gold and silver prior to 1921. Beginning 1961, includes exports and imports of uranium, thorium and related products; beginning 1968, includes silver ore and bullion.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 24: INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS AND FOREIGN COMMERCE

    381

    Table 24-5Series U 187-200. Value of Exports and Imports, 17902002Continued


    (Dollars in millions.)
    Merchandise 1
    Year

    Exports and re-export

    Excess of exports (+) or imports (-)


    Total general imports

    Total

    Exports of U.S. merchandise

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    3 843
    5 241
    5 128
    4 865
    4 809
    4 910
    4 591
    4 167
    3 832
    4 485

    3 781
    5 157
    5 030
    4 759
    4 712
    4 819
    4 498
    4 091
    3 765
    4 379

    3 061
    4 399
    4 091
    4 185
    4 431
    4 227
    3 610
    3 792
    3 113
    2 509

    782
    842
    1 037
    681
    378
    683
    981
    375
    719
    1 976

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    8 228
    7 920
    6 149
    6 234
    5 483
    2 769
    2 365
    2 466
    2 204
    2 049

    8 080
    7 750
    6 048
    6 170
    5 423
    2 716
    2 330
    2 429
    2 170
    2 014

    5 278
    3 904
    3 031
    2 952
    2 392
    1 674
    1 894
    1 813
    1 653
    1 527

    2 950
    4 016
    3 118
    3 281
    3 091
    1 094
    471
    653
    551
    522

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 745
    1 663
    1 861
    1 881
    1 744
    1 519
    1 461
    1 420
    1 382
    1 488

    1 710
    1 638
    1 835
    1 854
    1 718
    1 492
    1 435
    1 392
    1 355
    1 460

    1 557
    1 312
    1 194
    1 434
    1 227
    1 118
    991
    1 026
    903
    823

    188
    351
    666
    446
    517
    401
    470
    394
    478
    665

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 394
    1 227
    1 231
    1 051
    883
    808
    892
    848
    1 030
    884

    1 371
    1 204
    1 210
    1 032
    863
    793
    869
    831
    1 016
    872

    850
    697
    616
    765
    780
    732
    655
    866
    827
    845

    545
    530
    615
    286
    103
    76
    237
    -19
    203
    40

    1890
    1889
    1888
    1887
    1886
    1885
    1884
    1883
    1882
    1881

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    858
    742
    696
    716
    680
    742
    741
    824
    751
    902

    845
    730
    684
    703
    666
    727
    725
    804
    733
    884

    789
    745
    724
    692
    635
    578
    668
    723
    725
    643

    69
    -3
    -28
    24
    44
    165
    73
    101
    26
    260

    1880
    1879
    1878
    1877
    1876
    1875
    1874
    1873
    1872
    1871

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    836
    710
    695
    602
    540
    513
    596
    522
    444
    443

    824
    698
    681
    590
    526
    499
    569
    505
    428
    428

    668
    446
    437
    451
    461
    533
    567
    642
    627
    520

    168
    265
    258
    151
    80
    -20
    19
    -120
    -182
    -77

    1870
    1869
    1868
    1867
    1866
    1865
    1864
    1863
    1862
    1861

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    393
    286
    282
    295
    349
    166
    159
    204
    191
    220

    377
    275
    269
    290
    338
    137
    144
    186
    180
    205

    436
    418
    357
    396
    435
    239
    316
    243
    189
    289

    -43
    -131
    -75
    -101
    -86
    -73
    -158
    -39
    1
    -70

    1Includes

    gold and silver prior to 1921. Beginning 1961, includes exports and imports of uranium, thorium and related products; beginning 1968, includes silver ore and bullion.

    382

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 24-5Series U 187-200. Value of Exports and Imports, 17902002Continued


    (Dollars in millions.)
    Merchandise 1
    Year

    Exports and re-export

    Excess of exports (+) or imports (-)


    Total general imports

    Total

    Exports of U.S. merchandise

    1860
    1859
    1858
    1857
    1856
    1855
    1854
    1853
    1852
    1851

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    334
    293
    272
    294
    281
    219
    237
    203
    167
    189

    316
    278
    251
    279
    166
    193
    215
    190
    155
    179

    354
    331
    263
    348
    310
    258
    298
    264
    207
    211

    -20
    -38
    9
    -55
    -29
    -39
    -61
    -60
    -40
    -22

    1850
    1849
    1848
    1847
    1846
    1845
    1844
    1843
    1842
    1841

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    144
    140
    138
    157
    110
    106
    106
    83
    100
    112

    135
    132
    130
    151
    102
    98
    100
    78
    92
    104

    174
    141
    149
    122
    118
    113
    103
    42
    96
    123

    -29
    -1
    -10
    34
    -8
    -7
    3
    40
    4
    -11

    1840
    1839
    1838
    1837
    1836
    1835
    1834
    1833
    1832
    1831

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    124
    112
    105
    111
    124
    115
    102
    88
    82
    72

    112
    102
    96
    94
    107
    100
    81
    70
    62
    59

    98
    156
    96
    130
    177
    137
    109
    101
    95
    96

    25
    -44
    9
    -19
    -52
    -22
    -6
    -14
    -14
    -24

    1830
    1829
    1828
    1827
    1826
    1825
    1824
    1823
    1822
    1821

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    72
    67
    64
    74
    73
    91
    69
    68
    61
    55

    59
    55
    50
    58
    52
    67
    51
    47
    50
    41

    63
    67
    81
    71
    78
    90
    72
    72
    80
    55

    9
    (Z)
    -17
    3
    -5
    1
    -3
    -4
    -19
    (Z)

    1820
    1819
    1818
    1817
    1816
    1815
    1814
    1813
    1812
    1811

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    70
    70
    93
    88
    82
    53
    7
    28
    39
    61

    52
    51
    74
    68
    65
    46
    7
    25
    30
    45

    74
    87
    122
    99
    147
    113
    13
    22
    77
    53

    -5
    -17
    -28
    -12
    -65
    -60
    -6
    6
    -39
    8

    1810
    1809
    1808
    1807
    1806
    1805
    1804
    1803
    1802
    1801

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    67
    52
    22
    108
    102
    96
    78
    56
    72
    93

    42
    31
    9
    49
    41
    42
    41
    42
    36
    46

    85
    59
    57
    139
    129
    121
    85
    65
    76
    111

    -19
    -7
    -35
    -30
    -28
    -25
    -7
    -9
    -4
    -18

    1800
    1799
    1798
    1797
    1796
    1795
    1794
    1793
    1792
    1791

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    71
    79
    61
    51
    59
    48
    33
    26
    21
    19

    32
    33
    28
    24
    32
    40
    27
    24
    19
    19

    91
    79
    69
    75
    81
    70
    35
    31
    32
    29

    -20
    (Z)
    -7
    -24
    -23
    -22
    -2
    -5
    -11
    -10

    1790 ......................................................

    20

    ...

    23

    -3

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes gold and silver prior to 1921. Beginning 1961, includes exports and imports of uranium, thorium and related products; beginning 1968, includes silver ore and bullion.
    . . . = Not available.
    Z = Less than $500,000 or less than -$500,000.

    SECTION 24: INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS AND FOREIGN COMMERCE

    383

    Table 24-6. U.S. Foreign Economic and Military Aid Programs, 19802000
    (Dollars in millions.)
    Year and region

    Total economic
    and military aid

    Economic aid
    Total

    Loans

    Military aid
    Grants

    Total

    Loans

    Grants

    2000, Total .......................................................................................


    Near East ..........................................................................................
    Sub Saharan Africa ..........................................................................
    Latin America ....................................................................................
    Asia ...................................................................................................
    Eastern Europe .................................................................................
    Western Europe ................................................................................
    Eurasia .............................................................................................
    Oceania and other ............................................................................
    Nonregional ......................................................................................

    16 943
    6 860
    1 553
    1 977
    862
    9
    1 141
    899
    3
    3 639

    11 740
    2 180
    1 499
    1 960
    845
    9
    1 124
    748
    3 375

    304
    10
    9
    23
    45
    212
    5
    -

    11 436
    2 170
    1 490
    1 937
    800
    9
    911
    744
    -3
    3 375

    5 204
    4 680
    54
    17
    18
    1
    17
    150
    263

    -3
    -

    5 204
    4 680
    54
    17
    18
    1
    17
    150
    263

    1999 ..................................................................................................
    1998 ..................................................................................................
    1997 ..................................................................................................
    1996 ..................................................................................................
    1995 ..................................................................................................
    1994 ..................................................................................................
    1993 ..................................................................................................
    1992 ..................................................................................................
    1991 ..................................................................................................

    15 987
    13 907
    13 037
    13 559
    15 108
    15 870
    28 196
    15 589
    16 663

    12 308
    10 318
    9 171
    9 589
    11 295
    11 940
    24 054
    11 242
    11 904

    408
    271
    218
    329
    190
    887
    462
    494
    354

    11 899
    10 047
    8 953
    9 260
    11 105
    11 053
    23 593
    10 748
    11 550

    3 679
    3 589
    3 866
    3 970
    3 813
    3 931
    4 143
    4 347
    4 760

    152
    100
    298
    544
    558
    770
    855
    345
    428

    3 527
    3 489
    3 568
    3 426
    3 255
    3 161
    3 288
    4 002
    4 332

    1990 ..................................................................................................
    1989 ..................................................................................................
    1988 ..................................................................................................
    1987 ..................................................................................................
    1986 ..................................................................................................
    1985 ..................................................................................................
    1984 ..................................................................................................
    1983 ..................................................................................................
    1982 ..................................................................................................
    1981 ..................................................................................................

    15 727
    14 688
    13 792
    14 488
    16 739
    18 128
    15 524
    14 202
    12 324
    10 550

    10 834
    9 860
    8 961
    9 386
    10 900
    12 327
    9 038
    8 603
    8 129
    7 305

    756
    694
    852
    1 138
    1 330
    1 579
    1 621
    1 619
    1 454
    1 460

    10 078
    9 166
    8 109
    8 248
    9 570
    10 748
    7 417
    6 984
    6 675
    5 845

    4 893
    4 828
    4 831
    5 102
    5 839
    5 801
    6 486
    5 599
    4 195
    3 245

    404
    410
    763
    953
    1 980
    2 365
    4 401
    3 932
    3 084
    2 546

    4 489
    4 418
    4 068
    4 149
    3 859
    3 436
    2 085
    1 667
    1 111
    699

    1980 ..................................................................................................

    9 695

    7 573

    1 993

    5 580

    2 122

    1 450

    672

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003
    - = Quantity zero.

    SECTION

    25

    BUSINESS ENTERPRISE

    386

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 25

    BUSINESS
    ENTERPRISE
    Highlights
    Patents Filed and Issued, 19802002
    400
    357.5

    Patents filed
    Patents issued
    315.8

    Thousands of patents

    300

    228.8
    200
    176

    176.7

    184.4

    127.1
    113.0

    113.8

    99.2

    100
    66.2

    77.3

    0
    1980

    1985

    1995

    1990

    2000

    2002

    Year

    As President Coolidge allegedly said, The business of America is business. This business is conducted
    by more than 20 million firms, but data on the total
    number and size distribution of firms must be used with
    caution. There has never been a satisfactory definition
    of a firm, and the boundary between self-employment
    and a firm is tenuous at best. In addition, there are
    problems with inactive or partly active firms and seasonal firms. This problem is compounded when an effort
    is made to group firms into industrial categories whose
    boundaries are arbitrary and too tidy for real life. There
    are activities that defy known categories. Because small
    firms dominate the business landscape and because
    many small firms are on the boundary line, a slight difference in method may generate a considerable change
    in the total. If, however, the focus is on activity and out-

    put rather than number, then the unequal size distribution of firms becomes a statistical advantage because it
    permits a more efficient sample design at lower cost.
    Similarly, mergers and acquisitions, changes in public
    taste, and cyclical economic fluctuations all help to distort the structural profile of American business in ways
    of which statisticians may not be aware.

    The principal sources of business data are official


    and nonofficial. Official sources include the Survey of
    Current Business published by the Bureau of Economic
    Analysis and the Statistics of Income produced by the
    Internal Revenue Service. Unofficial sources include
    publications of Dun & Bradstreet, including Business
    Failure Record.

    SECTION 25: BUSINESS ENTERPRISE

    387

    Business firms are conventionally divided into the


    categories of corporation, partnership, and nonfarm
    proprietorship. Of the total 23.083 million business
    firms in the United States in 2000, nonfarm proprietorships were the most numerous (17.905 million), partnerships the least numerous (2.058 million), and corporations in the middle (5.045 million). However, in terms of
    receipts and income, corporations accounted for the
    lions share with $14.89 trillion, followed by partnerships ($2.316 trillion) and nonfarm proprietorships
    ($1.021 trillion). The order was slightly different in net
    income. Corporations had a net income of $928 billion,
    nonfarm proprietorships, $215 billion, partnerships $269
    billion, and nonfarm proprietorships $215 billion.

    In 1997, the 5,417,034 firms owned by women had


    annual sales of $717.763 billion. Of these firms, 55 percent are in services and 17 percent are in retail trade.

    12
    Reflecting the changes in the economy, there
    were 11,169 mergers and acquisitions in 2000 valued at

    In 2000, U.S. corporations had assets of $47.027 trillion, of which $1.820 trillion was in cash and $2.822 trillion in real estate. In the same year they had liabilities
    of $47.027 trillion of which $10.204 billion was in shortterm and long-term debt. Net worth of all corporations
    was $17.349 trillion and net income $928 billion.

    In terms of private fixed assets by corporate sectors, finance and insurance leads with $13.571 trillion,
    followed by transportation and public utilities ($2.869
    trillion), and retail trade ($2.016 trillion).

    6 In terms of assets of more than $250 million,


    finance and insurance has 5,633 corporations, manufacturing has 1,595, wholesale and retail trade has 714, and
    transportation and warehousing 124. Agriculture is near
    the bottom with 19.

    The business sector employs 102.199 million people, and its annual payroll is $2.849 trillion. Retail trade
    has the most number of establishments (1,111,300), the
    second highest number of employees (14.481 million),
    and a payroll of ($303 billion). Manufacturing is eighth
    in terms of establishments (354,500) and the highest
    number of employees (16.474 million), and the largest
    payroll at $644 billion.

    Between 1989 and 1998, 4,952,000 new firms were


    born in the United States and 3,092,984 firms died. In
    1998, 155,141 new businesses were launched and 71,857
    businesses folded. The rate of business failure is highest
    in transportation and public utilities where it is 115 per
    10,000 firms. Apparel and textile manufacturing has a
    failure rate of 103, construction 102, and textile mill
    products 93.

    10
    There were 1.505 million bankruptcies in the
    United States in 2002, compared with 0.725 million in
    1990, 1.042 million in 1996, and 1.276 million in 2000.

    11
    The Small Business Administration extended
    loans valued at $4.250 billion to 14,300 small minority
    firms. Minority business loans accounted for 25 percent
    of all loans.

    $3.440 trillion. Foreign interests acquired 336 U.S. companies valued at $68 billion, and U.S. companies
    acquired 378 overseas companies valued at $56 billion.
    Domestic mergers and acquisitions activity was most
    prominent in business services where 271 companies
    were acquired for $23.461 billion, followed by prepackaged software (126 companies for $8.481 billion) and
    real estate, mortgage bankers, and brokers (109 companies for $16.958 billion).

    13
    In 2002, 357,500 patent applications were filed,
    and 184,400 patents were granted. Of the patents
    issued, 167,300 were for inventions. Of the new patents
    in 2001, 48,298 were for electronic equipment, 36,983
    for machinery, and 20,869 for chemicals. In 2002,
    264,000 trademark applications were filed, and 146,900
    new trademarks were issued.

    14
    Gross private domestic investment increased
    from $829.2 billion in 1989 to $1.586 trillion in 2001.
    15
    In 2001, 549 corporations with assets of more
    than $1 billion had assets of more than $3.018 trillion
    and a net profit of $184.707 billion. The 500 largest corporations gave a 30.5 percent return to investors.

    16
    In 2001, U.S. multinational companies had assets
    of $12.663 trillion, gross product of $2.089 trillion, and a
    work force of 23.167 million.

    388

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 25-1. Number of Returns, Receipts, and Net Income, by Type of Business, 19802000
    Number of returns
    (1,000)

    Business receipts
    (billions of dollars)

    Net income (less loss)


    (billions of dollars)

    Year
    Nonfarm
    proprietorship
    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    Partnerships

    Corporations

    Nonfarm
    proprietorship

    Partnerships

    Corporations

    Nonfarm
    proprietorship

    Partnerships

    Corporations

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    17 905
    17 576
    17 409
    17 176
    16 955
    16 424
    16 154
    15 848
    15 495
    15 181

    2 058
    1 937
    1 855
    1 759
    1 654
    1 581
    1 494
    1 468
    1 485
    1 515

    5 045
    4 936
    4 849
    4 710
    4 631
    4 474
    4 342
    3 965
    3 869
    3 803

    1 021
    969
    918
    870
    843
    807
    791
    757
    737
    713

    2 316
    1 829
    1 534
    1 297
    1 042
    854
    732
    627
    571
    539

    19 593
    18 009
    16 543
    15 890
    14 890
    13 969
    12 858
    11 814
    11 272
    10 963

    215
    208
    202
    187
    177
    169
    167
    156
    154
    142

    269
    228
    187
    168
    145
    107
    82
    67
    43
    21

    928
    929
    838
    915
    806
    714
    577
    498
    402
    345

    1990 ......................................................
    1985 ......................................................

    14 783
    11 929

    1 554
    1 714

    3 717
    3 277

    731
    540

    541
    349

    10 914
    8 050

    141
    79

    17
    -9

    371
    240

    1980 ......................................................

    8 932

    1 380

    2 711

    411

    286

    6 172

    55

    239

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    SECTION 25: BUSINESS ENTERPRISE

    389

    Table 25-2Series V 1-12. Proprietorships, Partnerships, and CorporationsNumber, Receipts, and Profit,
    19392000
    (Number in thousands; money figures in billions of dollars; based on sample of unaudited tax returns filed for accounting periods ending between
    July 1 of year shown and June 30 of following year.)
    Proprietorships 1

    Partnerships

    Corporations

    Year
    Number

    Business receipts

    Number

    Total receipts

    Number

    Total receipts

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    17 905
    17 576
    17 409
    17 176
    16 955
    16 424
    16 154
    15 848
    15 495
    15 181

    1 020
    969
    918
    870
    843
    807
    791
    757
    737
    713

    2 058
    1 937
    1 855
    1 759
    1 654
    1 581
    1 493
    1 468
    1 485
    1 515

    2 405
    1 907
    1 603
    1 354
    1 042
    854
    731
    627
    571
    539

    5 045
    4 936
    4 849
    4 710
    4 631
    4 474
    4 342
    3 965
    3 869
    3 803

    20 606
    18 892
    17 324
    16 610
    15 526
    14 539
    13 360
    12 270
    11 742
    11 436

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    14 783
    14 298
    13 679
    13 091
    12 394
    11 929
    11 262
    10 704
    10 106
    9 585

    731
    693
    672
    611
    559
    540
    516
    465
    434
    427

    1 554
    1 635
    1 654
    1 648
    1 703
    1 714
    1 644
    1 542
    1 514
    1 461

    541
    524
    464
    411
    379
    349
    375
    291
    297
    272

    3 717
    3 628
    3 563
    3 612
    3 429
    3 277
    3 171
    2 999
    2 926
    2 812

    11 410
    10 935
    9 804
    9 186
    8 282
    8 050
    7 861
    7 135
    7 024
    7 026

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    8 932
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    7 221
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    411
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    274
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 380
    1 300
    1 234
    1 153
    1 096
    1 073
    1 062
    1 039
    992
    959

    286
    258
    219
    177
    160
    147
    139
    124
    104
    100

    2 711
    2 557
    2 377
    2 242
    2 082
    2 024
    1 966
    1 905
    1 813
    1 733

    6 172
    5 599
    4 715
    4 128
    3 635
    3 199
    3 090
    2 558
    2 171
    1 906

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    9 399
    9 429
    9 212
    9 126
    9 087
    9 078
    9 193
    9 136
    9 193
    9 242

    238
    234
    222
    211
    207
    199
    189
    182
    178
    171

    936
    920
    918
    906
    923
    914
    922
    924
    932
    939

    93
    87
    83
    80
    80
    75
    75
    73
    74
    75

    1 665
    1 659
    1 542
    1 534
    1 469
    1 424
    1 374
    1 323
    1 268
    1 190

    1 751
    1 680
    1 508
    1 375
    1 307
    1 195
    1 087
    1 009
    949
    873

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    9 090
    9 142
    8 800
    8 738
    8 973
    8 239
    7 786
    7 715
    6 873
    7 340

    171
    176
    163
    163
    ...
    139
    ...
    144
    ...
    132

    941
    949
    954
    971
    ...
    ...
    ...
    959
    ...
    ...

    74
    78
    78
    82
    ...
    ...
    ...
    79
    ...
    ...

    1 141
    1 074
    990
    940
    886
    807
    723
    698
    672
    652

    849
    817
    735
    720
    680
    642
    555
    558
    531
    517

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6 865
    6 901
    7 208
    6 624
    6 944
    5 689
    6 134
    5 121
    ...
    3 169

    ...
    110
    ...
    101
    ...
    79
    66
    58
    ...
    38

    ...
    ...
    ...
    889
    ...
    627
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    60
    ...
    47
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    629
    615
    594
    552
    491
    421
    412
    421
    443
    469

    458
    393
    411
    368
    289
    255
    262
    250
    218
    190

    1940 ......................................................
    1939 ......................................................

    2 018
    1 052

    31
    24

    ...
    271

    ...
    13

    473
    470

    148
    133

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Through

    1970, individually owned businesses and farms; thereafter, nonfarm businesses.


    . . . = Not available.

    390

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 25-3. Firm Births and Deaths, by Employment Size of Enterprise, 19902000
    (Number of firms, thousands of employees; data represent activity from March of the beginning year to March of the ending year; establishments
    with no employment in the first quarter of the beginning year were excluded; this table provides the number of births and deaths of initial
    establishments [based on plant number] as an approximation of firm births and deaths.)
    Births (initial locations)

    Deaths (initial locations)

    Year
    Total
    Firms
    19992000
    19981999
    19971998
    19961997
    19951996
    19941995
    19931994
    19921993
    19901991

    Less than 20

    Less than 500

    More than 500

    Total

    Less than 20

    Less than 500

    More than 500

    ............................................
    ............................................
    ............................................
    ............................................
    ............................................
    ............................................
    ............................................
    ............................................
    ............................................

    574 300
    579 609
    589 982
    590 644
    597 792
    594 369
    570 587
    564 504
    541 141

    548 030
    554 288
    564 804
    564 197
    572 442
    568 896
    546 437
    539 601
    515 870

    574 023
    579 287
    589 706
    590 335
    597 503
    594 119
    570 337
    564 093
    540 889

    277
    322
    276
    309
    289
    250
    250
    411
    252

    542 831
    544 487
    540 601
    530 003
    512 402
    497 246
    503 563
    492 651
    546 518

    514 242
    514 293
    511 567
    500 014
    485 509
    472 441
    476 667
    466 550
    516 964

    542 374
    544 040
    540 112
    529 481
    512 024
    496 874
    503 125
    492 266
    546 149

    457
    447
    489
    522
    378
    372
    438
    385
    369

    Employment (thousands)
    19992000 ............................................
    19981999 ............................................
    19971998 ............................................
    19961997 ............................................
    19951996 ............................................
    19941995 ............................................
    19931994 ............................................
    19921993 ............................................
    19901991 ............................................

    3 229
    3 225
    3 205
    3 228
    3 256
    3 322
    3 106
    3 438
    3 105

    1 793
    1 670
    1 812
    1 814
    1 845
    1 836
    1 760
    1 751
    1 713

    3 031
    2 991
    3 002
    3 030
    3 056
    3 049
    2 890
    3 054
    2 907

    198
    235
    203
    198
    200
    273
    216
    384
    198

    3 177
    3 180
    3 233
    3 275
    3 100
    2 823
    3 077
    2 906
    3 208

    1 654
    1 645
    1 662
    1 621
    1 560
    1 517
    1 549
    1 516
    1 723

    2 946
    2 969
    2 992
    2 961
    2 808
    2 634
    2 801
    2 698
    3 044

    230
    210
    242
    314
    291
    189
    276
    209
    164

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    SECTION 25: BUSINESS ENTERPRISE

    Table 25-4Series V 38-40. Recorded Mergers and


    Acquisitions, 18952002
    (Merger values in millions of dollars.)
    Year

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    Recorded mergers (FTC)

    Value of recorded mergers


    (Eis)

    7 032
    7 713

    1 185 000
    1 688 000

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    11 169
    9 599
    9 634
    8 770
    5 639
    4 981
    4 383
    3 722
    3 502
    3 446

    3 440 000
    3 402 000
    2 480 200
    1 610 300
    1 059 300
    895 800
    524 900
    420 400
    125 300
    141 500

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4 239
    3 752
    2 970
    2 479
    2 497
    1 719
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    205 600
    316 800
    218 800
    198 800
    223 100
    149 600
    126 000
    53 000
    61 000
    70 000

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    ...
    519
    610
    590
    559
    439
    602
    874
    911
    1 011

    33 000
    12 867
    10 724
    8 670
    6 279
    4 950
    4 466
    3 149
    1 885
    2 480

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 351
    2 307
    2 407
    1 496
    995
    1 008
    854
    861
    853
    954

    5 904
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    3 254
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    844
    835
    589
    585
    673
    683
    387
    295
    288
    235

    1 535
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    219
    126
    223
    404
    419
    333
    324
    213
    118
    111

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    140
    87
    110
    124
    126
    130
    101
    120
    203
    464

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    . . . = Not available.

    391

    392

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 25-4Series V 38-40. Recorded Mergers and


    Acquisitions, 18952002Continued
    (Merger values in millions of dollars.)
    Year

    Recorded mergers (FTC)

    Value of recorded mergers


    (Eis)

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    799
    1 245
    1 058
    870
    856
    554
    368
    311
    309
    487

    1 757
    1 993
    1 653
    727
    1 135
    721
    466
    1 171
    502
    430

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    760
    438
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    809
    777
    254
    679
    470
    158
    160
    176
    322
    210

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    257
    89
    188
    185
    378
    243
    110
    298
    911
    2 053

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    442
    2 263
    651
    120
    25
    41

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 25: BUSINESS ENTERPRISE

    393

    Table 25-5Series V 108-140. Corporate Asset, Liability, Income, Deduction, Tax and Profit Items, and
    Dividends Paid for All Industries, 19262000
    (Millions of dollars, except number of tax returns.)
    Number of corporate
    tax returns

    Year

    Total assets

    Total liabilities

    Total compiled
    deductions

    Total receipts

    Net income

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    5 045 000
    4 936 000
    4 849 000
    4 710 000
    4 631 000
    4 474 000
    4 342 000
    3 965 000
    3 869 000
    3 803 000

    47 027 000
    41 464 000
    37 347 000
    33 030 000
    28 642 000
    26 014 000
    23 446 000
    21 816 000
    20 002 000
    19 030 000

    47 027 000
    41 464 000
    37 347 000
    33 030 000
    28 642 000
    26 014 000
    23 446 000
    21 816 000
    20 002 000
    19 030 000

    20 606 000
    18 892 000
    17 324 000
    16 610 000
    15 526 000
    14 539 000
    13 360 000
    12 270 000
    11 742 000
    11 436 000

    19 692 000
    17 967 000
    16 489 000
    15 704 000
    14 728 000
    13 821 000
    12 775 000
    11 765 000
    11 330 000
    11 087 000

    928 000
    929 000
    838 000
    915 000
    806 000
    714 000
    577 000
    498 000
    402 000
    345 000

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    3 717 000
    3 628 000
    3 563 000
    3 612 000
    3 429 000
    3 277 000
    3 171 000
    2 999 000
    2 926 000
    2 812 000

    18 190 000
    17 647 000
    16 568 000
    15 311 000
    14 163 000
    12 773 000
    11 107 000
    10 201 000
    9 358 000
    8 547 000

    18 190 000
    17 647 000
    16 568 000
    15 311 000
    14 163 000
    12 773 000
    11 107 000
    10 201 000
    9 358 000
    8 547 000

    11 410 000
    10 935 000
    10 265 000
    9 582 000
    8 669 000
    8 398 000
    7 861 000
    7 135 000
    7 024 000
    7 026 000

    11 033 000
    10 545 000
    9 853 000
    9 244 000
    8 395 000
    8 158 000
    7 629 000
    6 945 000
    6 869 000
    6 814 000

    371 000
    389 000
    413 000
    328 000
    270 000
    240 000
    233 000
    188 000
    154 000
    214 000

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 711 000
    2 557 000
    2 377 000
    2 242 000
    2 082 000
    2 024 000
    1 966 000
    1 905 000
    1 813 000
    1 733 300

    7 617 000
    6 835 000
    6 014 000
    5 326 000
    4 721 000
    4 287 000
    4 016 000
    3 649 000
    3 257 000
    2 889 000

    7 617 000
    6 835 000
    6 014 000
    5 326 000
    4 721 000
    4 287 000
    4 016 000
    3 649 000
    3 257 000
    2 889 000

    6 361 000
    5 598 700
    4 714 600
    4 128 300
    3 635 500
    3 198 600
    3 089 700
    2 557 700
    2 171 200
    1 906 000

    6 125 000
    5 315 700
    4 467 000
    3 908 900
    3 448 900
    3 052 700
    2 941 500
    2 435 000
    2 071 700
    1 824 000

    235 900
    283 000
    247 400
    219 500
    186 600
    146 000
    148 200
    122 600
    99 500
    81 900

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 665 477
    1 658 820
    1 541 670
    1 534 360
    1 468 725
    1 423 980
    1 373 517
    1 323 187
    1 268 042
    1 190 286

    2 634 707
    2 445 328
    2 215 625
    2 010 443
    1 844 775
    1 723 524
    1 585 619
    1 481 236
    1 388 127
    1 289 516

    2 634 707
    2 445 628
    2 215 625
    2 010 443
    1 844 775
    1 723 524
    1 585 619
    1 481 236
    1 388 127
    1 289 516

    1 750 728
    1 680 482
    1 507 786
    1 374 599
    1 306 518
    1 194 601
    1 086 739
    1 008 743
    949 305
    873 178

    1 682 779
    1 598 348
    1 420 309
    1 295 348
    1 225 225
    1 119 860
    1 023 680
    953 006
    898 463
    826 144

    67 949
    82 135
    87 477
    79 520
    81 293
    74 742
    63 059
    55 737
    50 842
    47 034

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 140 574
    1 074 120
    990 381
    940 147
    827 916
    746 962
    667 856
    640 073
    615 698
    596 385

    1 206 662
    1 136 668
    1 064 481
    996 400
    948 951
    888 621
    805 300
    761 877
    721 864
    647 524

    1 206 662
    1 136 668
    1 064 481
    996 400
    948 951
    888 621
    805 300
    1761 877
    721 864
    647 524

    849 132
    816 800
    735 338
    720 414
    673 493
    634 508
    547 001
    551 984
    525 011
    511 849

    804 633
    769 145
    696 114
    675 340
    626 309
    586 907
    510 515
    512 402
    486 504
    468 354

    44 499
    47 655
    39 224
    45 073
    47 184
    47 601
    36 486
    39 582
    38 507
    43 495

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    569 961
    554 573
    536 833
    496 821
    440 750
    374 950
    363 056
    366 870
    383 534
    407 053

    598 369
    543 562
    525 136
    494 615
    454 705
    441 461
    418 324
    389 524
    360 018
    340 452

    598 369
    543 562
    525 136
    494 625
    454 705
    441 461
    418 324
    389 524
    360 018
    340 452

    452 523
    387 636
    405 430
    361 521
    283 917
    252 636
    258 880
    245 796
    213 777
    186 137

    409 988
    359 505
    371 182
    330 314
    258 893
    231 417
    232 426
    217 863
    190 497
    169 546

    42 535
    28 130
    34 248
    31 207
    25 025
    21 220
    26 454
    27 933
    23 280
    16 592

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    413 716
    412 759
    411 941
    416 902
    415 654
    415 205
    410 626
    388 564
    392 021
    381 088

    320 478
    306 801
    300 022
    303 357
    303 180
    303 150
    301 307
    268 206
    280 083
    296 497

    320 478
    306 801
    300 022
    303 357
    303 180
    303 150
    301 307
    268 206
    280 083
    296 497

    145 427
    130 365
    117 596
    138 907
    126 269
    112 098
    99 095
    82 148
    79 701
    105 238

    135 955
    123 129
    113 452
    131 130
    118 651
    106 599
    96 058
    82 787
    83 211
    105 725

    9 472
    7 236
    4 144
    7 777
    7 618
    5 500
    3 037
    2-639
    2-3 511
    2-487

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    403 173
    398 815
    384 548
    379 156
    359 449

    334 002
    335 775
    307 218
    287 542
    262 179

    334 002
    335 778
    307 218
    287 542
    262 179

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes deficit of $7,655 million.
    2Loss.
    3Not available separately for returns

    with balance sheets.

    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)

    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)

    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)

    394

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 25-6. Business Cycle Expansions and ContractionsMonths of Duration, 19192001


    (A trough is the low point of a business cycle; a peak is the high point; contraction or recession is the period from peak to subsequent trough;
    expansion is the period from trough to subsequent peak; business cycle reference dates are determined by the National Bureau of Economic
    Research, Inc.)
    Business cycle

    Length of cycle

    Trough
    Month
    March
    November
    July
    March
    November
    February
    April
    May
    October
    October
    June
    March
    November
    July
    July
    March

    Contraction
    (from previous peak)

    Peak
    Year
    1991
    1982
    1980
    1975
    1970
    1961
    1958
    1954
    1949
    1945
    1938
    1933
    1927
    1924
    1921
    1919

    Month
    March
    July
    July
    January
    November
    December
    April
    August
    July
    November
    February
    May
    August
    October
    May
    January

    Expansion
    (trough to peak)

    Year
    2001
    1990
    1981
    1980
    1973
    1969
    1960
    1957
    1953
    1948
    1945
    1937
    1929
    1926
    1923
    1920

    Trough from
    previous trough

    Peak from previous


    peak

    8
    16
    6
    16
    11
    10
    8
    10
    11
    8
    13
    43
    13
    14
    18
    17

    120
    92
    12
    58
    36
    106
    24
    39
    45
    37
    80
    50
    21
    27
    22
    10

    100
    28
    64
    52
    117
    34
    47
    55
    48
    88
    63
    64
    40
    36
    28
    251

    128
    108
    18
    74
    47
    116
    32
    49
    56
    45
    93
    93
    34
    41
    40
    117

    Average, all cycles:


    1945 to 1991 (9 cycles)
    1919 to 1945 (6 cycles)
    1854 to 1919 (16 cycles)
    1854 to 1991 (31 cycles)

    11
    18
    22
    18

    50
    35
    27
    35

    61
    53
    48
    53

    349
    453

    Average, peacetime cycles:


    1945 to 1991 (7 cycles)
    1919 to 1945 (5 cycles)
    1854 to 1919 (14 cycles)
    1854 to 1991 (26 cycles)

    11
    20
    22
    19

    43
    26
    24
    29

    53
    46
    46
    48

    547
    648

    61
    53

    53
    45

    Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA, unpublished data.
    1Previous peak: August 1918.
    2Previous trough: December 1914.
    315 cycles.
    430 cycles.
    513 cycles.
    625 cycles.

    Table 25-7. Composite Indexes of Leading, Coincident, and Lagging Economic Indicators, 19902002
    Item

    Unit

    1990

    1995

    1999

    Leading Index, Composite ..............................................................................


    Average weekly hours, manufacturing ...........................................................
    Average weekly initial claims for unemployment insurance ...........................
    Manufacturers new orders, consumer goods and materials (1996 dol.) .......
    Vendor performance, slower deliveries diffusion index. ................................
    Manufacturers new orders, nondefense capital goods (1996 dol.) ...............
    Building permits, new private housing units ...................................................
    Stock prices, 500 common stocks .................................................................
    Money supply, M2 (1996 dol.) .......................................................................
    Interest rate spread, 10-year Treasury bonds less federal funds ..................
    Index of consumer expectations ....................................................................

    1996 = 100
    Hours
    Thousands
    Million dollars
    Percent
    Million dollars
    Thousands
    19411943 = 10
    Million dollars
    Percent
    1966:1 = 100

    94.0
    40.8
    385.4
    128 882
    47.9
    36 515
    1 155
    334.6
    3 769
    0.45
    70.2

    97.6
    41.6
    359.1
    152 881
    52.8
    40 986
    1 336
    541.6
    3 642
    0.74
    83.2

    108.6
    41.7
    296.8
    179 727
    53.3
    55 171
    1 664
    1 326.1
    4 319
    0.67
    99.3

    109.7
    41.6
    299.4
    178 761
    53.3
    63 555
    1 598
    1 426.8
    4 468
    -0.21
    102.7

    108.6
    40.7
    406.8
    163 052
    48.0
    52 882
    1 639
    1 192.1
    4 762
    1.13
    82.3

    111.0
    40.8
    404.5
    165 452
    53.2
    48 304
    1 717
    995.6
    5 060
    2.94
    84.6

    Coincident Index, Composite .........................................................................


    Employees on nonagricultural payrolls ..........................................................
    Personal income less transfer payments (1996 dol.) .....................................
    Industrial production ......................................................................................
    Manufacturing and trade sales (1996 dol.) ....................................................

    1996 = 100
    Thousands
    Bil. dol.
    1997 = 100
    Million dollars

    88.6
    109 404
    5 032
    77.6
    593 865

    97.2
    117 188
    5 429
    89.3
    699 548

    111.9
    128 904
    6 462
    110.1
    820 869

    115.7
    131 719
    6 831
    115.3
    848 978

    115.2
    131 925
    6 859
    111.2
    842 186

    115.0
    130 776
    6 880
    110.4
    860 131

    Lagging Index, Composite ..............................................................................


    Average duration of unemployment ...............................................................
    Inventories to sales ratio, manufacturing and trade (1996 dol.) .....................
    Change in labor cost per unit of output, manufacturing .................................
    Average prime rate ........................................................................................
    Commercial and industrial loans outstanding (1996 dol.) ..............................
    Consumer installment credit to personal income ratio ...................................
    Change in consumer price index for services ................................................

    1996 = 100
    Weeks
    Ratio
    Percent
    Percent
    Million dollars
    Percent
    Percent

    102.0
    12.0
    1.47
    1.7
    10.01
    609 060
    16.1
    5.8

    99.1
    16.6
    1.41
    -2.4
    8.83
    564 576
    16.7
    3.5

    103.8
    13.4
    1.38
    -1.4
    7.99
    758 402
    17.6
    2.6

    106.6
    12.7
    1.41
    1.0
    9.23
    850 665
    17.7
    3.8

    105.3
    13.1
    1.41
    0.1
    6.92
    752 862
    18.7
    3.9

    100.7
    16.7
    1.33
    -1.4
    4.68
    609 061
    19.1
    3.2

    Source: The Conference Board, New York, NY 10022-6601, Business Cycle Indicators, monthly, <http://www.globalindicators.org> (copyright).

    2000

    2001

    2002

    SECTION 25: BUSINESS ENTERPRISE

    395

    Table 25-8. Small Business Administration Loans to Small Businesses, 19902002


    (Number, percent, millions of dollars; a small business must be independently owned and operated, must not be dominant in its particular
    industry, and must meet standards set by the Small Business Administration as to its annual receipts or number of employees.)
    Number of loans

    Amount (mil. dol.)

    Minority group
    1990

    1995

    2000

    2001

    2002

    1990

    1995

    2000

    2001

    2002

    Total Minority Loans ...........................


    Percent of all loans ............................

    2 367
    12.0

    10 877
    18.1

    11 999
    24.8

    11 855
    24.6

    14 300
    25.0

    576
    ...

    1 838
    ...

    3 661
    ...

    3 486
    ...

    4 250
    ...

    African American ...................................


    Asian American .....................................
    Hispanic American ................................
    Native American ....................................

    513
    1 075
    694
    85

    2 770
    3 767
    3 940
    400

    2 120
    5 838
    3 500
    541

    1 937
    5 720
    3 625
    573

    2 146
    7 249
    4 270
    635

    96
    317
    149
    14

    293
    945
    539
    61

    393
    2 397
    768
    102

    379
    2 262
    741
    105

    422
    2 810
    891
    127

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    . . . = Not available.

    Table 25-9. Establishments, Employees, and Payroll, by Employment-Size Class, 19902001


    (Number in thousands, billions of dollars; excludes most government employees, railroad employees, and self-employed persons; employees are
    for the week including March 12; covers establishments with payroll; an establishment is a single physical location where business is conducted
    or where services or industrial operations are performed.)
    Employment-size class

    1990

    1994

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    Establishments, Total (thousands) ................


    Under 20 employees ......................................
    20 to 99 employees ........................................
    100 to 499 employees ....................................
    500 to 999 employees ....................................
    1,000 or more employees ..............................

    6 176
    5 354
    684
    122
    10
    6

    6 509
    5 662
    704
    128
    10
    6

    6 613
    5 733
    730
    135
    10
    6

    6 747
    5 843
    741
    138
    11
    6

    6 895
    5 968
    767
    143
    11
    6

    6 942
    5 991
    786
    147
    11
    6

    7 008
    6 036
    82
    152
    12
    7

    7 070
    6 069
    826
    157
    12
    7

    7 095
    6 083
    836
    157
    12
    7

    Employees, Total (thousands) ........................


    Under 20 employees ......................................
    20 to 99 employees ........................................
    100 to 499 employees ....................................
    500 to 999 employees ....................................
    1,000 or more employees ..............................

    93 476
    24 373
    27 414
    22 926
    6 551
    12 212

    96 733
    25 373
    28 138
    24 048
    6 663
    12 513

    100 335
    25 785
    29 202
    25 364
    7 021
    12 962

    102 199
    26 115
    29 697
    26 086
    7 274
    13 026

    105 299
    26 883
    30 631
    26 993
    7 422
    13 370

    108 118
    27 131
    31 464
    27 842
    7 689
    13 991

    110 706
    27 289
    32 193
    28 707
    7 923
    14 594

    114 065
    27 569
    33 147
    29 736
    8 291
    15 322

    115 061
    27 681
    33 555
    29 692
    8 357
    15 776

    Annual Payroll, Total (billions of dollars) ......


    Under 20 employees ......................................
    20 to 99 employees ........................................
    100 to 499 employees ....................................
    500 to 999 employees ....................................
    1,000 or more employees ..............................

    2 104
    485
    547
    518
    174
    381

    2 488
    579
    650
    621
    202
    436

    2 666
    608
    696
    675
    219
    467

    2 849
    647
    747
    730
    240
    485

    3 048
    688
    796
    786
    254
    524

    3 309
    734
    866
    858
    277
    575

    3 555
    773
    925
    931
    298
    628

    3 879
    818
    1 006
    1 031
    336
    690

    3 989
    839
    1 037
    1 052
    342
    719

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    SECTION

    26

    PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL


    DEVELOPMENT

    398

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 26

    PRODUCTIVITY AND
    TECHNOLOGICAL
    DEVELOPMENT
    Highlights

    Research and Development (R&D) Expenditures, 19602002


    300

    Billions of dollars

    250

    200

    150

    100

    50

    0
    1960

    1963

    1966

    1969

    1972

    1975

    1978

    1981

    1984

    1987

    1990

    1993

    1996

    1999

    2002

    Year

    Productivity is the ratio of output to input


    expressed in a number of ways. The most common is
    output per unit of labor. Work in the field of productivity is carried on by many organizations, particularly the
    Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Bureau of
    Economic Research. Labor productivity also reflects
    the state of the technology, availability of capital and
    physical resources, efficiency of management, quality of
    training, and other factors. Productivity may be affected
    by the specific year chosen as the weight base, because
    items that increase most in volume output are those
    with price declines or lower price increases. Productivity
    series also suffer from certain statistical limitations,
    because they do not measure the quality of the output.

    Copyright, or that body of exclusive rights granted


    to authors by law, is the oldest of such protective
    statutes for intellectual property. The first U.S. copyright
    law of 1790 applied only to maps, charts, and books.
    Amendments extended the protection to prints (1802);
    musical compositions (1831); dramatic compositions
    (1856); photographs (1865); paintings, drawings, sculpture, and models or designs for works of fine arts
    (1870); performed music (1897); motion pictures and
    photoplays (1912); performance rights in nondramatic
    literary works (1952); and electronic books (1978). The
    original term of copyright was 15 years, with the privilege of renewal for another 14. In 1831, the first term
    was increased to 28 years, and in 1909, the second term

    SECTION 26: PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

    was also increased to 28 years. Under current copyright


    law, works are protected for the authors life plus 70
    years after the authors death; for works made for hire,
    the duration of the copyright is 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation, whichever is shorter.
    Before 1891, only residents or citizens of the United
    States could obtain copyrights. The International
    Copyright Act of 1891 extended the privilege to citizens
    of other countries with which the United States had
    reciprocal copyright agreements, as well as to countries
    which adhered to international copyright conventions
    (such as the Universal Copyright Convention of 1952)
    to which the United States was also a party.

    A patent is a grant by the government to an inventor and his or her heirs of the right to exclude others
    from making, using, or selling the invention without
    proper authorization. Patents may be obtained for any
    new and useful machine, composition of matter, or
    process, subject to the requirements of law. Since 1946,
    inventions used solely in the utilization of fissionable
    materials have been unpatentable. Patents have been
    issued by the federal government since 1790. The first
    body in charge of issuing patents (known as the Patent
    Board, or the Patent Commission, or the Commission
    for the Promotion of Useful Arts) had three members:
    Thomas Jefferson, Henry Knox, and Edmund
    Randolph. The responsibility for administering patent
    laws was vested in the Department of State. The first
    U.S. patent was issued to Samuel Hopkins of Vermont
    on July 31, 1790, for a process for making potash and
    pearl ashes. The patent bore the signatures of George
    Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Edmund Randolph.
    Only three patents were issued in the first year. In 1833,
    the head of the Patent Office recommended to
    President Andrew Jackson that his office be abolished
    because everything that could possibly be invented has
    already been invented. From 1790 to 1861, the term of
    a patent was 14 years. After 1861, it could be extended
    for an additional seven years. Since 1861, the term of a
    patent on an invention has been fixed at 17 years, with
    extensions possible only by a special act of Congress.
    Patents are numbered serially, beginning with the first
    patent issued after the Patent Act of July 4, 1836.

    4 The Federal Trademark Law of 1870 was based on


    the patent and copyright clause of the Constitution,
    instead of the interstate and foreign commerce clause,
    and was found unconstitutional in 1879. The Trademark
    Law of 1881 was limited to marks used in foreign commerce, but it was extended to interstate commerce by
    the Act of 1905. The Act of 1920 permitted the registration of a secondary class of marks not previously registrable. It was superseded by the Act of 1946, which
    granted registrations for a term of 20 years with a possible renewal for successive 20-year terms.

    399

    National estimates of funds for research and development (R&D) for the four major sectors of the economy have been made by the National Science
    Foundation since 1953. The data cover basic and applied
    research as well as development. The most recent estimates include processes, materials, methods, and prototypes. The federal budget provides data on expenditures
    and/or obligations for research and development on an
    agency basis.

    Total R&D expenditures in 2002 amounted to


    $276.185 billion, compared with $13.669 billion in 1960.
    Of current expenditures, the federal government share
    is $78.2 billion, industry share is $180.769 billion, universities share is $7.455 billion, and other nonprofits share
    is $7.304 billion. Fifteen percent is borne by the
    Department of Defense.

    The Johns Hopkins University ranks number one


    in receipt of federal funds for R&D, a position it has
    occupied for many decades. The University of
    Washington, the University of Michigan, the University
    of Pennsylvania, and the University of CaliforniaLos
    Angeles are the runners up.

    In 2000, there were 6.412 million scientists and


    engineers, of whom scientists numbered 922,800, computer specialists 2,903,400, engineers 1,465,300, technicians 1,062,600, and surveyors 58,300.

    Of the 40,744 persons who received doctorates in


    scientific fields in 2001, 25.4 percent were foreign
    nationals (7.5 percent Asian) and 44.1 percent were
    females.

    10

    Total NASA expenditures on space-related programs in 2003 amounted to $15.117 billion, of which
    space shuttle operations accounted for $3.208 billion
    and space science $2.414 billion.

    11
    Between 1995 and 2002, the United States has
    successfully launched 586 space shuttle launches, including 28 named Columbia.

    12
    The United States has a commanding lead in
    the number of Nobel scientists. Of the total 487 Nobel
    prizes awarded since 1901, the United States has 214,
    almost three times that of the United Kingdom.

    400

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 26-1Series W 82-95. Copyright Registrations, by Type, 18702002


    (Number.)
    Year

    Total copyright
    registrations 1

    Total books and


    pamphlets 2

    Peiodicals

    Musical
    compositions

    Renewals, all
    classes 3

    2002 ....................................................................................................................................................
    2001 ....................................................................................................................................................

    501 000
    580 800

    199 200
    212 100

    60 800
    62 200

    124 000
    156 300

    19 100
    19 700

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    515 100
    594 500
    558 600
    569 200
    550 400
    609 200
    530 300
    564 900
    606 200
    663 700

    169 700
    207 500
    189 300
    176 400
    187 200
    196 000
    162 600
    185 800
    190 200
    193 800

    69 000
    75 600
    72 600
    83 300
    83 400
    88 700
    75 100
    82 600
    92 900
    109 200

    138 900
    155 200
    142 400
    154 400
    133 500
    163 600
    136 100
    152 300
    162 100
    191 200

    16 800
    23 800
    25 400
    28 600
    23 700
    30 600
    33 300
    37 700
    49 100
    52 300

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    643 500
    618 300
    565 300
    582 200
    561 000
    539 800
    502 700
    488 200
    468 100
    471 100

    179 700
    153 800
    158 100
    153 900
    148 200
    154 500
    147 200
    135 300
    116 300
    119 000

    111 500
    133 900
    114 000
    131 000
    130 000
    120 000
    113 600
    106 100
    112 400
    118 500

    185 300
    197 200
    159 500
    161 600
    ...
    147 900
    ...
    127 800
    125 400
    125 000

    51 800
    38 600
    43 800
    45 500
    45 300
    43 800
    37 300
    39 100
    36 300
    34 200

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    464 700
    429 000
    415 700
    452 700
    411 000
    401 300
    372 800
    353 600
    344 600
    329 696

    119 200
    122 800
    112 900
    122 100
    113 200
    111 900
    104 800
    104 500
    103 200
    96 124

    117 900
    109 600
    110 900
    106 500
    96 000
    95 100
    92 200
    88 600
    84 700
    84 491

    120 200
    108 300
    114 800
    131 200
    118 500
    114 800
    104 500
    95 300
    97 500
    95 202

    33 000
    27 000
    21 200
    31 000
    27 700
    28 200
    25 500
    23 100
    23 200
    20 835

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    316 466
    301 258
    303 451
    294 406
    286 866
    293 617
    278 987
    264 845
    254 776
    247 014

    88 432
    83 603
    85 189
    80 910
    77 300
    76 098
    71 618
    68 445
    66 571
    62 415

    83 862
    80 706
    81 773
    81 647
    77 963
    78 307
    74 611
    69 682
    67 523
    66 251

    88 949
    83 608
    80 479
    79 291
    76 805
    80 881
    75 256
    72 583
    67 612
    65 500

    23 316
    25 667
    25 774
    23 499
    25 464
    23 520
    22 574
    20 164
    19 274
    18 194

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    243 926
    241 735
    238 935
    225 807
    224 908
    224 732
    222 665
    218 506
    203 705
    200 354

    60 034
    55 967
    57 242
    53 503
    53 942
    54 414
    51 763
    49 059
    46 083
    47 125

    64 204
    62 246
    60 691
    59 724
    58 576
    59 448
    60 667
    59 371
    56 509
    55 129

    65 558
    70 707
    66 515
    59 614
    58 330
    57 527
    58 213
    59 302
    51 538
    48 319

    21 393
    21 533
    22 593
    21 473
    20 926
    19 519
    18 508
    17 101
    16 690
    16 372

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    210 564
    201 190
    238 121
    230 215
    202 144
    178 848
    169 269
    160 795
    182 232
    180 647

    50 456
    47 422
    48 811
    49 525
    42 356
    35 688
    35 952
    36 889
    45 157
    46 040

    55 436
    54 163
    59 699
    58 340
    48 289
    45 763
    44 364
    42 995
    45 145
    42 207

    52 309
    48 210
    72 339
    68 709
    63 367
    57 835
    52 087
    48 348
    50 023
    49 135

    14 531
    13 675
    15 816
    13 201
    12 516
    11 367
    10 247
    9 650
    11 488
    10 342

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    176 997
    173 135
    166 248
    154 424
    156 962
    142 031
    139 047
    137 424
    151 735
    164 642

    50 125
    49 901
    49 156
    45 504
    47 667
    43 134
    40 658
    40 694
    46 576
    46 855

    40 173
    38 307
    39 249
    38 053
    38 418
    36 351
    35 819
    35 464
    39 177
    42 415

    37 975
    40 961
    35 334
    31 821
    33 250
    27 459
    27 001
    26 846
    29 264
    31 488

    10 207
    10 177
    9 940
    8 589
    8 180
    6 661
    6 989
    6 411
    5 888
    5 998

    1Prior

    to 1941, commercial prints and labels not included in the total; jurisdiction moved to copyright office in 1940.
    to 1927, contributions to periodicals included with books and pamphlets. Includes computer software and machine readable works.
    to 1941, excludes renewals of commercial prints and labels.
    . . . = Not available.

    2Prior
    3Prior

    SECTION 26: PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

    401

    Table 26-1Series W 82-95. Copyright Registrations, by Type, 18702002Continued


    (Number.)
    Year

    Total copyright
    registrations 1

    Total books and


    pamphlets 2

    Peiodicals

    Musical
    compositions

    Renewals, all
    classes 3

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    172 792
    161 959
    193 914
    184 000
    177 635
    165 848
    162 694
    148 946
    138 633
    135 280

    47 248
    44 040
    50 095
    47 801
    73 455
    65 670
    61 982
    55 561
    46 307
    41 245

    43 939
    44 161
    47 364
    41 475
    41 169
    40 880
    39 806
    37 104
    35 471
    34 074

    32 129
    27 023
    26 897
    25 282
    25 484
    25 548
    26 734
    24 900
    27 381
    31 054

    5 937
    4 948
    5 447
    4 686
    4 029
    3 309
    3 433
    2 689
    2 726
    2 206

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    126 562
    113 003
    106 728
    111 438
    115 967
    115 193
    123 154
    119 495
    120 931
    115 198

    39 090
    37 710
    33 617
    33 552
    32 897
    31 926
    31 891
    29 572
    29 286
    26 970

    28 935
    25 083
    25 822
    26 467
    26 553
    24 938
    24 134
    23 002
    22 580
    23 393

    29 151
    26 209
    21 849
    20 115
    20 644
    21 406
    28 493
    26 292
    26 777
    25 525

    2 112
    1 906
    1 857
    1 992
    1 628
    1 326
    1 231
    1 065
    1 349
    928

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    109 074
    120 131
    119 742
    123 829
    117 704
    113 374
    103 130
    97 979
    92 978
    92 351

    24 740
    32 533
    30 191
    30 879
    29 261
    29 860
    27 824
    27 466
    24 272
    ...

    21 608
    21 195
    22 409
    23 078
    23 163
    22 591
    21 496
    22 625
    21 071
    ...

    24 345
    26 306
    28 427
    31 401
    26 435
    24 595
    23 110
    21 161
    19 706
    ...

    1 007
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    94 798
    80 968
    75 545
    75 000
    72 470
    67 572
    62 762
    58 956
    54 735
    48 908

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    12 892
    12 155
    12 149
    11 094
    10 327
    9 477

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    20 951
    18 563
    18 460
    16 273
    14 649
    11 688

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1890
    1889
    1888
    1887
    1886
    1885
    1884
    1883
    1882
    1881

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    42 794
    40 985
    38 225
    35 083
    31 241
    28 411
    26 893
    25 274
    22 918
    21 075

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    8 164
    7 646
    7 086
    6 708
    6 089
    6 060
    5 570
    5 489
    4 612
    4 339

    9 132
    8 958
    8 066
    7 744
    7 514
    6 808
    6 241
    6 280
    6 143
    5 578

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1880
    1879
    1878
    1877
    1876
    1875
    1874
    1873
    1872
    1871

    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................................................................

    20 686
    18 125
    15 798
    15 758
    14 882
    15 927
    16 283
    15 352
    14 164
    12 688

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4 369
    3 608
    3 242
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    5 628
    4 688
    3 772
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1870 4 .................................................................................................................................................

    5 600

    ...

    ...

    ...

    ...

    1Prior

    to 1941, commercial prints and labels not included in the total; jurisdiction moved to copyright office in 1940.
    to 1927, contributions to periodicals included with books and pamphlets. Includes computer software and machine readable works.
    to 1941, excludes renewals of commercial prints and labels.
    4JulyDecember.
    . . . = Not available.
    2Prior
    3Prior

    402

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 26-2Series W 96-106. Patent Applications Filed and Patents Issued, 18792002
    (Number.)
    Patent applications filed

    Patents issued
    Inventions

    Year
    Inventions

    Designs

    Botanical
    plants

    Corporations
    Individuals
    U.S.

    Foreign

    U.S.
    Government 1

    Designs

    Botanical
    plants

    Residents
    of foreign
    countries

    2002 ...................................................................................................
    2001 ...................................................................................................

    357 500
    346 600

    20 900
    18 300

    1 100
    900

    20 500
    21 700

    74 200
    74 300

    71 800
    69 000

    900
    1 000

    15 500
    16 900

    1 100
    600

    87 300
    85 400

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................

    295 900
    270 200
    243 000
    215 300
    195 200
    212 400
    189 900
    174 700
    173 100
    164 300

    18 300
    17 800
    17 100
    16 500
    15 200
    15 400
    15 800
    13 600
    13 100
    13 100

    800
    900
    700
    600
    700
    500
    500
    400
    400
    400

    22 400
    22 800
    22 500
    17 600
    18 200
    17 400
    17 300
    16 500
    17 300
    18 100

    70 900
    69 400
    66 100
    50 200
    48 700
    44 000
    44 000
    41 800
    40 300
    39 200

    63 300
    60 300
    57 900
    42 900
    41 500
    39 100
    38 800
    38 800
    38 700
    38 100

    900
    1 000
    1 000
    900
    900
    1 000
    1 300
    1 200
    1 200
    1 200

    17 400
    14 700
    14 800
    11 400
    11 400
    11 700
    11 100
    10 600
    9 300
    9 600

    500
    400
    600
    400
    400
    400
    500
    400
    500
    400

    79 100
    75 100
    72 500
    54 200
    52 400
    49 400
    49 300
    48 700
    48 700
    49 000

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................

    164 500
    152 800
    139 800
    127 900
    122 400
    117 000
    111 300
    103 700
    109 600
    106 400

    11 300
    12 600
    11 300
    11 200
    9 900
    9 600
    8 700
    8 100
    8 200
    7 400

    400
    400
    400
    400
    300
    200
    300
    300
    200
    200

    17 300
    17 900
    14 300
    15 300
    13 300
    12 900
    12 300
    10 500
    11 900
    14 100

    36 100
    38 700
    31 400
    33 800
    29 600
    31 300
    30 100
    25 700
    25 800
    29 500

    36 000
    38 000
    31 400
    32 900
    27 000
    26 400
    23 600
    19 600
    19 200
    21 000

    1 000
    900
    700
    1 000
    1 000
    1 100
    1 200
    1 000
    1 000
    1 100

    8 000
    6 100
    5 700
    6 000
    5 500
    5 100
    4 900
    4 600
    4 900
    4 700

    300
    600
    400
    200
    200
    200
    200
    200
    200
    200

    46 200
    47 900
    39 700
    41 700
    34 900
    33 900
    30 500
    25 400
    25 600
    26 500

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................

    104 300
    100 500
    100 900
    100 900
    102 300
    101 014
    102 206
    103 695
    98 928
    104 566

    7 800
    7 500
    7 500
    7 300
    7 100
    6 292
    4 780
    5 425
    5 867
    6 211

    200
    200
    200
    200
    200
    150
    130
    118
    135
    155

    13 300
    9 300
    14 300
    14 000
    14 100
    17 192
    18 083
    16 929
    17 729
    17 299

    29 400
    23 800
    31 300
    31 500
    34 400
    34 577
    37 807
    38 615
    38 890
    43 022

    18 200
    14 800
    19 300
    18 200
    19 900
    18 344
    18 686
    16 513
    16 414
    16 048

    1 000
    900
    1 200
    1 500
    1 800
    1 881
    1 699
    2 082
    1 775
    1 947

    3 900
    3 100
    3 900
    3 900
    4 600
    4 282
    4 303
    4 033
    2 901
    3 156

    100
    100
    200
    200
    200
    150
    261
    132
    199
    71

    25 400
    18 200
    25 100
    23 900
    26 100
    25 391
    25 632
    22 638
    23 293
    22 850

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................

    102 868
    98 386
    93 136
    87 872
    88 293
    94 632
    87 597
    85 724
    85 029
    83 100

    5 996
    5 496
    5 171
    4 744
    4 853
    5 413
    5 259
    4 968
    4 897
    4 714

    188
    111
    95
    103
    104
    105
    120
    145
    151
    107

    13 511
    14 772
    13 555
    15 647
    16 018
    16 063
    12 504
    12 525
    15 470
    13 383

    36 896
    38 847
    34 886
    38 353
    41 634
    37 158
    27 836
    26 632
    32 560
    28 351

    12 294
    12 188
    9 172
    9 895
    9 222
    8 096
    5 854
    5 501
    6 380
    5 161

    1 726
    1 750
    1 489
    1 757
    1 532
    1 540
    1 182
    1 021
    1 281
    1 473

    3 214
    3 335
    3 352
    3 165
    3 188
    3 424
    2 686
    2 965
    2 300
    2 487

    52
    103
    72
    85
    114
    120
    128
    129
    91
    108

    17 872
    17 573
    13 722
    14 711
    14 008
    12 782
    9 168
    8 736
    10 255
    8 384

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................

    79 590
    78 594
    77 495
    74 197
    74 906
    77 188
    77 185
    72 284
    64 554
    60 438

    4 525
    4 879
    4 923
    4 714
    4 824
    5 764
    5 465
    5 450
    4 993
    4 279

    131
    114
    134
    101
    104
    118
    95
    99
    84
    71

    13 069
    16 017
    15 706
    15 154
    16 643
    11 914
    12 531
    16 284
    18 538
    19 192

    28 187
    29 888
    27 116
    23 255
    25 502
    16 084
    18 319
    21 230
    22 340
    22 305

    4 670
    5 081
    4 230
    3 372
    3 690
    1 744
    2 301
    2 294
    2 035
    2 163

    1 244
    1 422
    1 278
    963
    982
    689
    658
    658
    695
    659

    2 543
    2 768
    2 374
    2 362
    2 977
    2 713
    2 536
    2 713
    2 959
    4 163

    116
    101
    120
    129
    101
    103
    101
    78
    101
    58

    7 850
    8 340
    7 395
    6 282
    6 646
    4 065
    4 433
    4 331
    5 635
    4 888

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................

    67 264
    67 592
    68 740
    75 443
    81 056
    67 846
    54 190
    45 493
    45 549
    52 339

    6 739
    6 998
    7 048
    7 644
    10 698
    8 066
    5 063
    2 986
    4 218
    7 203

    105
    70
    59
    92
    72
    52
    42
    41
    60
    67

    18 960
    14 957
    9 812
    7 784
    7 444
    8 981
    9 636
    11 654
    14 534
    16 322

    21 782
    18 536
    13 124
    11 448
    13 486
    15 665
    16 769
    18 022
    22 019
    22 632

    1 660
    1 127
    628
    669
    585
    580
    645
    524
    1 286
    2 112

    622
    485
    652
    155
    147
    87
    106
    48
    62
    43

    4 718
    4 450
    3 968
    2 102
    2 778
    3 524
    2 914
    2 228
    3 728
    6 486

    89
    93
    44
    52
    56
    17
    38
    47
    65
    62

    4 408
    3 105
    1 984
    1 617
    1 656
    2 112
    2 564
    2 625
    3 943
    5 311

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................

    60 863
    64 093
    66 874
    65 324
    62 599
    58 117
    56 643
    56 558
    67 006
    79 740

    8 530
    7 137
    8 084
    7 207
    6 478
    5 728
    4 399
    3 600
    4 345
    4 190

    91
    76
    48
    45
    66
    72
    28
    27
    46
    37

    17 627
    18 583
    16 304
    15 995
    16 639
    17 757
    19 731
    22 713
    26 274
    26 618

    22 165
    21 800
    19 635
    19 831
    21 207
    20 821
    22 529
    23 667
    24 822
    23 149

    2 406
    2 640
    2 063
    1 824
    1 903
    2 018
    2 131
    2 343
    2 325
    1 961

    40
    50
    59
    33
    33
    22
    29
    51
    37
    28

    6 145
    5 592
    5 026
    5 136
    4 556
    3 864
    2 919
    2 411
    2 942
    2 438

    85
    45
    41
    55
    49
    45
    32
    33
    46
    5

    6 148
    6 338
    5 776
    5 638
    5 734
    5 980
    6 489
    7 170
    7 376
    6 897

    1Excludes

    patents issued to Alien Property Custodian.

    SECTION 26: PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

    403

    Table 26-2Series W 96-106. Patent Applications Filed and Patents Issued, 18792002Continued
    (Number.)
    Patent applications filed

    Patents issued
    Inventions

    Year
    Inventions

    Designs

    Botanical
    plants

    Corporations
    Individuals
    U.S.

    Foreign

    U.S.
    Government 1

    Designs

    Botanical
    plants

    Residents
    of foreign
    countries

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................

    89 554
    89 752
    87 603
    87 219
    81 365
    80 208
    87 987
    76 783
    83 962
    87 467

    4 182
    4 520
    4 761
    4 473
    4 343
    4 082
    3 635
    3 550
    4 763
    5 596

    16
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    23 726
    25 367
    23 357
    25 417
    28 633
    30 332
    29 174
    27 016
    27 369
    27 098

    19 700
    18 500
    17 800
    15 100
    15 200
    14 800
    12 400
    10 800
    10 300
    9 860

    1 800
    1 400
    1 200
    1 200
    900
    1 300
    1 000
    800
    700
    840

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 710
    2 905
    3 182
    2 387
    2 897
    2 819
    2 670
    1 927
    1 609
    3 265

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    6 085
    5 921
    5 218
    4 918
    5 103
    5 347
    4 723
    4 133
    4 455
    3 963

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................

    81 915
    76 710
    57 347
    67 590
    68 075
    67 138
    67 774
    68 117
    68 968
    67 370

    4 660
    3 627
    2 234
    3 545
    2 684
    2 734
    2 454
    2 060
    1 850
    1 534

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    31 742
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    24 756

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    11 540
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    7 580

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    610
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    520

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 481
    1 521
    1 206
    1 505
    1 745
    1 538
    1 711
    1 677
    1 341
    1 004

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3 762
    3 687
    2 883
    3 209
    3 767
    4 334
    4 595
    4 212
    4 498
    4 058

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................

    63 293
    64 408
    60 142
    57 679
    55 471
    54 034
    51 168
    49 289
    48 320
    43 973

    1 155
    1 234
    1 131
    896
    806
    781
    818
    770
    1 170
    2 361

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    24 750
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    20 896

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    6 040
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    4 370

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    380
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    280

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    636
    679
    755
    589
    620
    486
    553
    536
    639
    1 729

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3 719
    3 812
    3 338
    3 866
    3 471
    3 292
    3 285
    3 763
    3 499
    3 402

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................

    39 673
    38 937
    33 915
    45 661
    42 077
    39 145
    36 987
    37 293
    29 514
    39 418

    2 225
    2 400
    1 843
    2 150
    1 828
    1 463
    1 357
    1 060
    1 130
    1 025

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 754
    2 137
    1 799
    1 620
    1 441
    1 108
    927
    899
    816
    835

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3 483
    2 311
    2 752
    2 221
    2 027
    2 049
    2 166
    2 473
    2 051
    1 928

    1890
    1889
    1888
    1887
    1886
    1885
    1884
    1883
    1882
    1881

    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................
    ...................................................................................................

    39 884
    39 607
    34 713
    37 420
    35 161
    34 697
    34 192
    33 073
    30 270
    24 878

    1 046
    857
    971
    1 041
    645
    862
    1 230
    1 238
    948
    678

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    886
    723
    832
    948
    594
    769
    1 150
    1 017
    858
    565

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 105
    2 003
    1 536
    1 466
    1 489
    1 549
    1 284
    1 259
    1 135
    995

    1880 ...................................................................................................
    1879 ...................................................................................................

    21 761
    20 059

    634
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    514
    591

    ...
    ...

    786
    648

    1Excludes

    patents issued to Alien Property Custodian.


    . . . = Not available.

    404

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 26-3Series W 107-108. Trademarks Registered and Renewed, 19142002


    (Number.)
    Year

    Registered

    Renewed

    2002 ....................................................................................................
    2001 ....................................................................................................

    146 900
    109 600

    30 000
    33 300

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................

    106 400
    184 900
    129 900
    112 500
    93 700
    85 600
    63 900
    80 600
    80 200
    46 600

    8 800
    7 000
    6 200
    7 400
    7 700
    6 900
    6 200
    6 300
    5 600
    5 800

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................

    53 600
    55 300
    47 400
    47 300
    46 700
    65 800
    48 600
    40 500
    42 400
    42 700

    7 200
    7 800
    6 900
    4 100
    5 100
    5 900
    5 400
    6 200
    6 000
    5 900

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................

    18 900
    20 500
    29 600
    25 900
    26 300
    30 931
    28 099
    26 112
    23 252
    21 019

    5 900
    5 400
    5 500
    6 100
    6 800
    6 132
    5 513
    5 397
    5 637
    6 213

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................

    21 745
    20 613
    21 528
    20 036
    20 259
    18 501
    20 087
    19 740
    17 023
    16 595

    6 076
    6 176
    4 646
    3 801
    3 585
    3 165
    2 702
    2 655
    2 809
    3 358

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................

    18 434
    18 709
    15 351
    17 480
    20 753
    18 207
    15 946
    15 610
    16 172
    17 376

    3 933
    3 272
    3 070
    3 488
    3 756
    4 268
    3 491
    3 103
    3 419
    3 350

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................

    16 817
    15 968
    11 472
    8 976
    8 106
    7 490
    6 025
    5 595
    6 795
    8 530

    3 564
    3 788
    5 056
    6 139
    5 725
    4 210
    4 052
    3 835
    2 894
    2 765

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................

    9 974
    10 521
    10 204
    11 242
    10 722
    10 886
    11 362
    9 130
    9 603
    11 400

    2 547
    1 398
    1 051
    1 524
    1 888
    1 874
    2 445
    1 671
    1 587
    1 643

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................

    13 246
    14 514
    14 133
    14 579
    14 955
    13 815
    15 727
    14 834
    12 793
    11 363

    1 661
    1 750
    2 049
    3 063
    4 273
    2 278
    227
    251
    254
    117

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914

    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................
    ....................................................................................................

    10 268
    4 208
    4 061
    5 339
    6 791
    6 262
    6 817

    73
    64
    38
    52
    55
    57
    48

    SECTION 26: PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

    405

    Table 26-4Series W 109-125. Funds Expended for Performance of Research and Development and Basic
    Research, by Sector and Major Function, 19532002
    (Millions of dollars.)
    By performance sector

    Year

    Total funds

    Federal
    government

    Industry

    Federal
    funds

    Other nonprofit
    institutions

    Universities and colleges

    Industry
    funds

    Federal
    funds

    Industry
    funds

    University
    Other
    FFRDCs 2
    and
    nonprofit
    college
    institutions
    funds 1
    funds 1

    Federal
    funds

    Industry
    funds

    2002 ...............................................................................
    2001 ...............................................................................

    276 185
    273 565

    23 788
    21 048

    17 085
    16 899

    177 345
    181 606

    21 066
    19 332

    2 341
    2 263

    7 455
    6 819

    2 685
    2 507

    5 652
    5 741

    5 918
    5 309

    1 083
    1 110

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................

    264 725
    243 517
    220 617
    205 561
    196 011
    183 045
    168 586
    165 188
    166 697
    160 096

    17 917
    17 851
    16 936
    16 585
    10 574
    17 133
    16 432
    16 532
    15 690
    15 238

    17 183
    20 536
    22 481
    22 061
    21 356
    21 178
    20 261
    20 844
    24 660
    26 372

    180 421
    160 176
    140 847
    128 276
    121 015
    108 652
    97 131
    94 591
    96 654
    90 580

    17 681
    16 223
    15 247
    14 582
    13 962
    13 470
    12 840
    12 133
    11 090
    10 230

    2 180
    2 077
    1 829
    1 717
    1 604
    1 506
    1 431
    1 374
    1 291
    1 205

    6 205
    5 630
    4 974
    4 667
    4 322
    4 112
    3 904
    3 654
    5 018
    4 835

    2 327
    2 110
    1 778
    1 708
    1 663
    1 626
    1 589
    1 509
    1 395
    1 307

    5 957
    6 060
    5 529
    5 459
    5 362
    5 388
    5 305
    5 289
    5 249
    5 079

    4 449
    3 761
    3 219
    2 996
    2 896
    2 848
    2 900
    2 839
    3 550
    3 300

    1 103
    975
    1 038
    960
    901
    827
    762
    737
    750
    700

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................

    145 450
    140 486
    133 741
    125 352
    119 529
    113 818
    101 139
    89 139
    80 317
    71 912

    16 100
    15 121
    14 281
    13 413
    13 535
    12 945
    11 572
    10 582
    9 141
    8 425

    31 200
    31 366
    32 306
    30 752
    27 891
    27 196
    23 396
    20 680
    19 059
    16 382

    73 000
    70 233
    65 583
    61 403
    59 932
    57 043
    51 404
    44 588
    39 952
    35 476

    9 250
    8 972
    8 181
    7 333
    6 702
    6 056
    5 423
    4 983
    4 749
    4 559

    1 100
    984
    870
    789
    699
    559
    475
    388
    326
    288

    4 450
    3 948
    3 473
    3 200
    2 790
    2 376
    2 104
    1 929
    1 683
    1 523

    1 200
    1 083
    941
    831
    735
    695
    615
    577
    503
    448

    4 800
    4 729
    4 531
    4 206
    3 895
    3 523
    3 150
    2 737
    2 479
    2 486

    2 850
    2 500
    2 200
    2 200
    2 250
    2 400
    2 100
    1 850
    1 625
    1 550

    600
    550
    500
    450
    425
    375
    325
    275
    250
    225

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................

    62 610
    54 933
    48 129
    42 783
    38 581
    35 196
    32 677
    30 581
    28 296
    27 336

    7 632
    7 417
    6 811
    6 012
    5 710
    5 397
    4 815
    4 619
    4 482
    4 156

    14 029
    12 518
    11 189
    10 485
    9 285
    8 605
    8 199
    8 131
    8 010
    7 685

    30 476
    25 708
    22 115
    19 340
    17 392
    15 559
    14 617
    13 068
    11 512
    10 647

    4 104
    3 595
    3 059
    2 726
    2 501
    2 291
    2 032
    2 041
    1 839
    1 724

    236
    193
    170
    139
    123
    113
    96
    86
    75
    70

    1 334
    1 200
    1 037
    888
    815
    743
    671
    613
    576
    1 099

    403
    373
    359
    314
    285
    258
    218
    200
    186
    177

    2 246
    1 935
    1 717
    1 384
    1 147
    987
    865
    817
    764
    716

    1 450
    1 350
    1 100
    987
    925
    875
    822
    690
    653
    732

    200
    180
    165
    150
    120
    115
    111
    105
    101
    100

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................
    ...............................................................................

    26 545
    26 169
    25 119
    23 613
    22 264
    20 439
    19 214
    17 371
    15 665
    14 552

    3 853
    3 501
    3 493
    3 396
    3 220
    3 093
    2 838
    2 279
    2 098
    1 874

    7 779
    8 451
    8 560
    8 365
    8 332
    7 740
    7 720
    7 270
    6 435
    6 240

    10 283
    9 867
    8 869
    8 020
    7 216
    6 445
    5 792
    5 360
    5 029
    4 668

    1 648
    1 595
    1 572
    1 409
    1 262
    1 073
    916
    760
    613
    500

    61
    60
    55
    48
    42
    41
    41
    41
    40
    40

    961
    895
    841
    753
    673
    615
    555
    485
    424
    371

    166
    145
    131
    119
    108
    93
    83
    73
    66
    58

    737
    725
    719
    673
    630
    629
    629
    530
    470
    410

    748
    640
    608
    577
    546
    498
    450
    380
    310
    240

    90
    81
    73
    66
    59
    53
    47
    48
    45
    41

    1960 ...............................................................................
    1959 ...............................................................................
    1958 ...............................................................................
    1957 ...............................................................................
    1956 ...............................................................................
    1955 ...............................................................................
    1954 ...............................................................................
    1953 3 .............................................................................

    13 730
    12 540
    10 870
    9 912
    8 483
    6 279
    5 738
    5 207

    1 726
    1 640
    1 374
    1 220
    1 040
    905
    1 020
    1 010

    6 081
    5 635
    4 759
    4 335
    3 328
    2 180
    1 750
    1 430

    4 428
    3 983
    3 630
    3 396
    3 277
    2 460
    2 320
    2 200

    405
    306
    254
    229
    213
    169
    160
    138

    40
    39
    39
    34
    29
    25
    22
    19

    328
    290
    257
    230
    204
    185
    167
    151

    52
    47
    42
    38
    34
    30
    28
    26

    360
    338
    293
    240
    194
    180
    141
    121

    180
    140
    111
    95
    84
    75
    67
    60

    40
    35
    31
    30
    30
    28
    25
    20

    1Includes

    state and local government funds received by these institutions and used for research and development.
    funded research and development centers administered by individual universities and colleges and by university consortia.
    3Calendar year data for industry and nonprofit institutions combined with federal and university data for fiscal year 1953 (July 1952July 1953).
    2Federally

    406

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 26-5. Worldwide Successful Space Launches, 19572002


    (Number.)
    1957
    1964

    1965
    1969

    1970
    1974

    1975
    1979

    1980
    1984

    1985
    1989

    1990
    1994

    Total .................................

    289

    586

    555

    607

    605

    550

    466

    466

    75

    73

    86

    77

    73

    82

    58

    62

    Soviet Union/CIS 1 ...........


    United States ...................
    Japan ...............................
    ESA 2 ...............................
    China ...............................

    82
    207
    -

    302
    279
    -

    405
    139
    5
    2

    461
    126
    10
    1
    6

    483
    93
    12
    8
    6

    447
    61
    11
    9

    283
    122
    -

    170
    189
    -

    32
    27
    2
    11
    2

    25
    33
    1
    10
    3

    28
    37
    2
    12
    6

    24
    34
    2
    11
    6

    26
    30
    10
    4

    35
    28
    12
    5

    23
    21
    1
    8
    1

    24
    17
    3
    11
    4

    France ..............................
    India .................................
    Israel ................................
    Australia ...........................
    United Kingdom ...............

    3
    1
    -

    1
    -

    1
    -

    1
    -

    1
    -

    2
    -

    1
    1
    -

    Year

    1995
    2000

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    1Commonwealth

    of Independent States.
    Space Agency. Includes launches by Arianespace.
    - = Quantity zero.

    2European

    Table 26-6 Federal Outlays for General Science, Space, and Other Technology, 19702007
    (Billions of dollars.)
    Current dollars
    Year
    Total

    Constant (1996) dollars

    General
    science/basic
    research

    Space and
    other
    technologies

    Total

    General
    science/basic
    research

    Space and
    other
    technologies

    2007, proj. ......................................................................................................................................


    2006, proj. ......................................................................................................................................
    2005, proj. ......................................................................................................................................
    2004, proj. ......................................................................................................................................
    2003, proj. ......................................................................................................................................
    2002 ...............................................................................................................................................
    2001 ...............................................................................................................................................

    25.4
    24.7
    23.7
    22.7
    21.6
    20.7
    19.8

    9.4
    9.1
    8.9
    8.5
    7.9
    7.2
    6.5

    16.0
    15.6
    14.9
    14.3
    13.6
    13.5
    13.2

    20.5
    20.2
    19.8
    19.2
    18.6
    18.0
    17.8

    7.6
    7.5
    7.4
    7.2
    6.9
    6.3
    5.9

    12.9
    12.8
    12.4
    12.1
    11.8
    11.7
    11.9

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995

    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................................

    18.6
    18.1
    18.2
    17.1
    16.7
    16.7

    6.2
    5.6
    5.3
    4.1
    4.0
    4.1

    12.4
    12.4
    12.9
    13.1
    12.7
    12.6

    17.0
    17.0
    17.5
    16.9
    16.7
    17.3

    5.6
    5.3
    5.1
    4.0
    4.0
    4.3

    11.4
    11.7
    12.4
    12.9
    12.7
    13.0

    1990 ...............................................................................................................................................
    1985 ...............................................................................................................................................

    14.4
    8.6

    2.8
    2.0

    11.6
    6.6

    18.4
    12.8

    3.6
    3.0

    14.8
    9.8

    1980 ...............................................................................................................................................

    5.8

    1.4

    4.5

    11.6

    2.7

    8.9

    1970 ...............................................................................................................................................

    4.5

    0.9

    3.6

    18.5

    3.9

    14.6

    SECTION 26: PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

    407

    Table 26-7. Research and Development (R&D) Expenditures, 19602002


    (Millions of dollars.)
    Source of funds
    Year

    Total

    Federal
    government

    Industry

    Objective (percent of total)

    Universities
    and colleges

    Nonprofit

    Nonfederal
    government 1

    Defense
    related 2

    Space
    related 3

    Character of work

    Other

    Basic
    research

    Applied
    research

    Development

    2002 .......................................................
    2001 .......................................................

    276 185
    273 565

    78 185
    72 637

    180 769
    184 978

    7 455
    6 819

    7 304
    6 756

    2 472
    2 375

    15
    14

    2
    2

    83
    84

    47 567
    46 723

    64 802
    63 609

    161 816
    163 233

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................

    264 725
    243 517
    220 617
    205 561
    196 011
    183 045
    168 586
    165 188
    164 933
    160 521

    66 371
    67 015
    66 636
    64 865
    63 215
    63 102
    60 700
    60 351
    60 694
    60 564

    183 703
    163 229
    143 714
    130 952
    123 520
    110 985
    99 324
    96 702
    96 404
    92 484

    6 205
    5 630
    4 974
    4 667
    4 322
    4 112
    3 904
    3 654
    3 558
    3 411

    6 204
    5 549
    3 449
    3 314
    3 225
    3 154
    3 081
    2 928
    2 770
    2 585

    2 242
    2 095
    1 845
    1 764
    1 730
    1 692
    1 576
    1 554
    1 507
    1 477

    13
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    22
    22
    23

    2
    3
    4
    4
    4
    5
    4
    4
    4
    5

    85
    82
    80
    79
    78
    77
    76
    74
    74
    73

    42 367
    38 710
    34 426
    32 978
    31 545
    28 756
    28 917
    28 115
    27 044
    26 630

    56 511
    51 864
    49 753
    45 982
    43 057
    40 973
    36 643
    37 325
    37 996
    38 699

    165 847
    152 943
    136 438
    126 601
    121 410
    113 316
    103 024
    99 749
    99 894
    95 193

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................

    151 655
    141 550
    133 463
    125 841
    119 907
    114 344
    101 940
    89 742
    80 633
    72 190

    61 456
    60 301
    59 930
    58 254
    54 475
    52 493
    46 319
    41 362
    37 113
    33 666

    83 374
    75 091
    68 076
    62 669
    61 079
    58 013
    52 225
    45 274
    40 705
    35 956

    3 096
    2 774
    2 441
    2 215
    1 944
    1 680
    1 463
    1 329
    1 159
    1 031

    2 367
    2 136
    1 880
    1 658
    1 466
    1 365
    1 228
    1 135
    1 037
    974

    1 361
    1 248
    1 135
    1 044
    942
    793
    706
    642
    619
    564

    25
    28
    30
    32
    32
    30
    29
    28
    26
    24

    4
    4
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    4
    5
    5

    70
    68
    66
    65
    65
    67
    68
    68
    69
    70

    22 556
    21 477
    19 381
    18 213
    16 885
    14 510
    13 176
    11 859
    10 658
    9 741

    34 981
    32 304
    29 466
    27 819
    27 225
    25 389
    22 481
    20 323
    18 261
    16 389

    94 118
    87 767
    84 614
    79 809
    75 796
    74 444
    66 284
    57 560
    51 714
    46 060

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................

    63 076
    55 269
    48 582
    43 233
    39 314
    35 565
    33 238
    30 905
    28 661
    26 910

    29 857
    27 100
    24 279
    21 988
    20 179
    18 437
    17 193
    16 563
    15 976
    15 183

    30 926
    26 092
    22 456
    19 637
    17 698
    15 823
    14 882
    13 296
    11 713
    10 823

    877
    760
    651
    541
    463
    424
    380
    331
    308
    282

    911
    841
    768
    683
    608
    542
    470
    417
    389
    364

    505
    477
    429
    384
    367
    340
    314
    298
    276
    259

    24
    25
    26
    27
    27
    28
    29
    32
    33
    33

    5
    6
    6
    7
    8
    7
    7
    7
    8
    10

    70
    70
    68
    66
    65
    65
    64
    61
    59
    58

    8 651
    7 736
    6 841
    5 925
    5 291
    4 827
    4 439
    4 051
    3 829
    3 698

    13 724
    12 073
    10 695
    9 653
    8 964
    8 048
    7 312
    6 662
    6 098
    5 817

    40 701
    35 460
    31 047
    27 655
    25 059
    22 691
    21 488
    20 193
    18 734
    17 395

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................
    .......................................................

    26 235
    25 965
    24 646
    23 279
    22 010
    20 192
    19 053
    17 446
    15 577
    14 514

    14 970
    15 213
    14 956
    14 511
    14 117
    13 147
    12 726
    11 582
    10 086
    9 441

    10 446
    10 010
    9 006
    8 144
    7 330
    6 548
    5 887
    5 456
    5 123
    4 757

    251
    228
    219
    190
    156
    130
    108
    93
    82
    72

    340
    311
    286
    267
    249
    221
    198
    195
    177
    146

    228
    203
    178
    166
    158
    146
    135
    122
    109
    98

    33
    35
    35
    35
    32
    33
    37
    42
    49
    50

    10
    11
    14
    14
    20
    21
    19
    14
    7
    6

    56
    54
    52
    50
    48
    46
    44
    45
    44
    44

    3 567
    3 471
    3 361
    3 113
    2 886
    2 618
    2 358
    2 060
    1 780
    1 476

    5 742
    5 448
    5 141
    4 838
    4 638
    4 361
    4 189
    3 855
    3 688
    3 115

    16 926
    17 046
    16 144
    15 328
    14 486
    13 214
    12 507
    11 531
    10 110
    9 924

    1960 .......................................................

    13 669

    8 879

    4 516

    66

    122

    88

    53

    44

    1 256

    3 059

    9 355

    1Non-federal

    R&D expenditures to university and college performers.


    spending by the Department of Defense, including space activities, and a portion of the Department of Energy funds.
    the National Aeronautics and Space Administration only.

    2R&D
    3For

    408

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 26-8. Nobel Prize Laureates in Selected Sciences, 19012002


    (Number.)
    19012002
    Year
    Total

    Physics

    Chemistry

    Physiology
    and Medicine

    19011930 19311945 19461960 19611975 19761990 19912001

    2002

    Total ...........................................................................

    487

    168

    141

    178

    93

    49

    74

    92

    98

    73

    United States ..............................................................


    United Kingdom ..........................................................
    Germany1 ...................................................................
    France ........................................................................
    Soviet Union ...............................................................
    Japan .........................................................................
    Other countries ...........................................................

    214
    75
    63
    25
    11
    8
    91

    72
    21
    19
    11
    8
    4
    30

    49
    27
    29
    7
    1
    4
    22

    89
    27
    15
    7
    2
    39

    6
    15
    27
    13
    2
    30

    14
    11
    11
    2
    11

    38
    14
    4
    4
    1
    13

    41
    20
    8
    5
    3
    2
    13

    63
    9
    7
    2
    1
    1
    15

    49
    4
    4
    3
    1
    2
    3

    5
    1
    2
    1

    1Between

    1946 and 1991, data are for the former West Germany only.
    - = Quantity zero.

    SECTION

    27

    FINANCIAL MARKETS
    AND INSTITUTIONS

    410

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 27

    FINANCIAL MARKETS
    AND INSTITUTIONS
    Highlights

    Total Savings Accounts of U.S. Households, 19602002


    4,000
    3,500

    Dollars (in billions)

    3,000
    2,500
    2,000
    1,500
    1,000
    500
    0
    1960

    1964

    1968

    1972

    1976

    1980

    1984

    1988

    1992

    1997

    2002

    Year

    1
    Financial markets and institutions not only influence but also drive the U.S. economy. Financial data
    summarize the types of claims, liabilities, and assets, and
    also illustrate how lending and borrowing are related to
    income and expenditure flows. They are derived from
    banking statistics, Treasury accounts, census data, tax
    returns, balance of payments reports, and security market reports. The data present a picture of the distribution of wealth ownership and of the major components
    of national wealth. Financial data also provide information on the structure of debtwho owes what to
    whomwhich has a bearing on corporate and private
    spending decisions. Other types of data cover savings,
    investments, money supplies, U.S. government securities,
    bonds and mortgages, and corporate equities.

    Money supply, broadly defined includes both bank


    deposits and currency. Before 1934, gold was also a part
    of means of payments, but in January of that year it was
    withdrawn from circulation. Until 1971, gold served as a
    means of settlement of international accounts, and until
    1968, as domestic reserve money. At present, gold is
    held solely by the Treasury Department. Private gold
    holdings are forbidden except in limited amounts for
    licensed purposes. U.S. residents may purchase, hold, or
    sell foreign and domestic gold coins minted before
    April 5, 1933, but those minted after that date may be
    held only by collectors. From 1873 to 1907, gold coins in
    circulation in the United States were included in the
    estimates of the Annual Report of the Director of the
    Mint. In 1934, gold coins worth $287 million were still in

    SECTION 27: FINANCIAL MARKETS AND INSTITUTIONS


    circulation, but they disappeared from circulation
    immediately after the U.S. dollar was taken off the gold
    standard. Following the enactment of the Old Series
    Currency Adjustment Act of 1961, both gold and silver
    certificates were retired.

    The chief money market in the country is New


    York City. The New York money market comprises a
    number of markets with differences in rates corresponding to differences in the supply of funds relative to
    demand. These markets are called open markets
    because transactions on them are usually made on an
    impersonal basis with the borrower and lender dealing
    through agents. In contrast, in a customer market,
    borrower and lender deal directly with each other, and
    transactions are often made on a personal basis.

    Although investment companies date back to the


    nineteenth century, they became popular only after the
    rise of mutual funds. A mutual fund is a company that
    combines the funds of many investors whose investment
    goals are similar, and which invests those funds in a
    wide variety of securities. Different mutual funds have
    different investment objectives, management policies,
    and degrees of risk. Some emphasize capital growth,
    others, current income; still others are highly speculative. Mutual funds are technically known as open-end
    investment companies because they are always ready to
    redeem outstanding shares at the request of the
    investor. Mutual funds are regulated by both federal
    and state governments; the major federal statues governing them are the Securities Act of 1933, the
    Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the Investment
    Company Act of 1940.

    The banking system of the United States has


    evolved over two centuries. Banks are in part regulated
    by state governments and in part by the federal government. Supervision and regulation of banks are the primary responsibility of the chartering authoritiesthe
    Comptroller of Currency in the case of national banks
    organized under the federal law of 1863 and state officials in the case of state banks. Two other federal entities with additional supervisory authority have been
    superimposed on the banking system: the Federal
    Reserve System, which was established in 1914 to exercise central banking functions, and the Federal Deposit
    Insurance Corporation, created in 1933 to insure bank
    deposits. The Federal Reserve System includes all
    national banks and those state banks that choose to join
    voluntarily. Insurance of bank deposits is obligatory for
    all banks belonging to the Federal Reserve System and
    is optional for others. Before the National Banking Act
    of 1863, the only official banking statistics were compiled by the Treasury Department and were based on
    reports submitted voluntarily by the banks. No data on
    state banks were included in these reports, but the Act
    of 1873 authorized the Comptroller to obtain data

    411

    about nonnational banks from state authorities.


    Although coverage was improved, it was far from complete because many banks operated outside the state
    system, and some states had no departments to collect
    the information. Efforts to promote uniformity in bank
    statistics culminated in 1947, when a standardized balance-sheet form was approved and adopted by the federal and state banking agencies. To provide more adequate historical banking statistics comparable to those
    available beginning 1947, a revised retrospective series
    was published in 1959 under the title All-Bank Statistics
    18961955. This series covered number of banks, principal assets and liabilities for major classes of banks, and
    data for individual states and outlying territories.

    The first bank chartered by Congress was the Bank


    of North America in Philadelphia founded in 1781. The
    Bank of the United States was sponsored by the
    Federalist Party and chartered in 1791 in Philadelphia.
    Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, used it
    as a fiscal agenta depository bank for government
    funds. Its charter expired in 1811 and was not renewed
    by Congress. The Second Bank of the United States was
    authorized in 1816 and opened in 1817. Its 20-year charter was not renewed either. It failed in 1841 and was liquidated in 1856.

    There are three sources of primary data about life


    insurance: reports of the state insurance departments;
    commercial publishers, such as A. M. Best Company;
    and trade associations, such as the American Life
    Insurance Association.

    The first life insurance company was the


    Corporation for the Relief of Poor and Distressed
    Presbyterian Ministers and of the Poor and Distressed
    Widows and Children of Presbyterian Ministers, incorporated in 1759 in Philadelphia. The first health insurance company was the Massachusetts Health Insurance
    Company of Boston, founded in 1847. The first accident
    insurance company was Travelers Insurance Company
    of Hartford, chartered in 1863. It issued the first automobile insurance policy in 1898 to Dr. Truman J. Martin
    of Buffalothe one-year premium was $11.25. The first
    fire insurance company to receive a charter was the
    Philadelphia Contributorship for the Insurance of
    Houses from Loss by Fire in 1868.

    Savings institutions are primarily involved in credit


    extension in the form of mortgage loans. Statistics on
    savings institutions are collected by the U.S. Office of
    Thrift Supervision. The Financial Institutions Reform,
    Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 authorized the
    establishment of the Resolution Trust Corporation
    (RTC), which is responsible for the disposal of assets
    from failed savings institutions.

    412

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    10
    In 2001, the Finance, Insurance and Real Estate
    (FIRE) sector contributed 20.6 percent to the GDP, or

    15
    In 2002, there were 1,452 million credit cards in
    use held by 163 million cardholders, or an average of

    $2.077 trillion. Of the total 425,000 establishments in


    this sector, 75,800 were commercial banks, 15,700 were
    savings institutions, 76,900 were personal credit institutions, 12,200 were mortgage and nonmortgage brokers,
    76,900 were securities and commodities dealers, and
    30,900 were life insurance carriers.

    nearly nine cards per cardholder. Retail store cards are


    the most numerous at 464 million, followed by phone
    cards (128 million), bank cards (120 million), and oil
    company cards (70 million). The number of debit cards
    reached 260 million in 2002.

    11
    In 2002, American households had total liabilities of $8.761 trillion, of which mortgages made up
    $6.054 trillion and consumer credit $1.757 trillion.
    Home mortgages made up 69.1 percent of all debt.
    More than seven out of every 10 Americans carried
    some debt, of which 44.6 percent had a mortgage, 45.2
    percent had installment debt, and 44.4 percent had
    credit card debt. The median ratio of debt to family
    income was 16.0 percent in 2001.

    16
    The total volume of trading on the New York
    Stock Exchange rose from 11.562 billion in 1980 to
    366.102 billion in 2002. The value of shares traded in
    2002 was $10.492 trillion. That same year, the volume of
    trading in NASDAQ Securities was $441.7 billion, and
    the value of shares was $7.254 trillion.

    17
    In 2002, there were 8,256 mutual funds with
    assets of $6.392 trillion and 206 million shareholder
    accounts.

    12
    Reflecting the slump in the economy, mortgage
    delinquency rates on loans rose to 4.7 percent in 2002,
    the highest rate in eight years. The highest delinquency
    rate is for credit cards at 4.87 percent in 2002.

    13

    Foreign banks have increased their share of the


    U.S. financial market since 1980 from 11.9 percent of
    assets to 18.3 percent in 2002, and from 6.6 percent of
    deposits in 1980 to 14.8 percent in 2002.

    14
    Although the number of federal and state credit
    unions fell from 17,350 in 1980 to 9,688 in 2002, they
    had more members in 2002 and more assets. Credit
    union membership was 70.900 million and total assets
    $557.075 billion.

    18
    Individual Retirement Account (IRA) plans
    had a total value of $2.333 trillion, of which $1,068 billion was held by mutual funds.

    19
    New Jersey has the highest average automobile
    premium of any state, $1,028 annually. The lowest premium paid is $498 annually in North Dakota.

    20
    In 2001, 377 million life insurance policies were
    in effect with a value of $16.290 trillion.The number of
    life insurance companies has decreased from 1,928 in
    1980 to 1,225 in 2001.

    SECTION 27: FINANCIAL MARKETS AND INSTITUTIONS

    413

    Table 27-1Series X 114-136. Household Assets, Financial Obligations, and Delinquency Rates, 19452002
    (Billions of dollars, except as noted; end of period; not seasonally adjusted, except as noted.)
    Financial assets of the household sector 1
    Securities
    Year
    Total

    Foreign
    deposits

    Checkable
    Time and
    deposits
    savings
    and
    deposits
    currency

    Money
    market
    fund
    shares

    Open
    market
    paper

    U.S.
    Other
    Agency Municipal
    savings Treasury
    securities securities
    bonds securities

    Corporate
    and
    Corporate
    foreign
    equities
    bonds

    Mutual
    fund
    shares

    Mortgages

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    30 333
    32 568

    64
    54

    265
    300

    3 631
    3 337

    1 076
    1 116

    48
    42

    195
    190

    192
    301

    179
    354

    621
    513

    1 091
    926

    4 601
    6 184

    2 539
    2 870

    114
    113

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    33 912
    34 971
    30 508
    27 546
    24 072
    21 617
    19 024
    18 384
    17 189
    16 380

    59
    44
    38
    37
    35
    23
    19
    16
    16
    15

    226
    346
    422
    437
    471
    544
    585
    615
    570
    462

    3 100
    2 811
    2 733
    2 566
    2 434
    2 281
    2 154
    2 183
    2 292
    2 394

    968
    822
    712
    582
    501
    450
    352
    342
    342
    383

    73
    68
    64
    56
    55
    48
    47
    46
    30
    33

    185
    186
    187
    187
    187
    185
    180
    172
    157
    138

    402
    620
    511
    550
    648
    598
    653
    468
    441
    365

    432
    385
    266
    249
    228
    143
    124
    7
    62
    67

    461
    450
    427
    420
    401
    431
    485
    535
    579
    614

    808
    738
    688
    571
    514
    425
    331
    294
    271
    273

    7 474
    9 052
    7 074
    6 242
    4 864
    4 141
    3 096
    3 232
    2 869
    2 549

    3 036
    3 115
    2 394
    1 961
    1 502
    1 153
    982
    969
    707
    570

    113
    110
    110
    110
    110
    109
    116
    126
    137
    145

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    14 842
    14 416
    13 014
    11 833
    11 155
    10 034
    8 902
    8 383
    7 617
    7 029

    13
    12
    11
    10
    9
    8
    7
    7
    2
    0

    412
    424
    425
    428
    425
    313
    295
    284
    276
    262

    2 465
    2 434
    2 355
    2 177
    2 058
    1 970
    1 840
    1 614
    1 414
    1 307

    369
    342
    265
    250
    229
    193
    191
    149
    180
    148

    63
    57
    67
    33
    31
    35
    42
    25
    30
    27

    126
    118
    110
    101
    93
    80
    75
    71
    68
    68

    345
    247
    257
    180
    157
    183
    184
    143
    101
    84

    84
    49
    28
    12
    7
    7
    13
    0
    1
    1

    575
    548
    524
    454
    355
    348
    252
    212
    171
    131

    219
    163
    117
    124
    107
    77
    27
    27
    24
    31

    1 781
    1 947
    1 586
    1 306
    1 330
    1 058
    863
    936
    832
    780

    457
    463
    400
    382
    333
    198
    105
    88
    57
    47

    144
    135
    126
    124
    116
    120
    103
    111
    111
    101

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6 632
    5 765
    5 020
    4 481
    4 212
    3 717
    3 252
    3 279
    3 272
    2 856

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    220
    206
    188
    175
    161
    151
    150
    145
    137
    126

    1 239
    1 121
    1 051
    950
    848
    748
    670
    615
    554
    483

    62
    38
    8
    3
    3
    4
    2
    0
    0
    0

    38
    43
    36
    23
    8
    12
    16
    8
    3
    9

    73
    80
    81
    77
    72
    67
    63
    60
    58
    54

    88
    65
    19
    18
    19
    34
    24
    22
    15
    15

    5
    0
    1
    0
    5
    1
    8
    4
    5
    11

    104
    96
    80
    56
    52
    50
    47
    39
    32
    32

    30
    45
    51
    61
    71
    63
    53
    41
    38
    37

    875
    675
    550
    543
    637
    499
    373
    598
    814
    651

    46
    39
    36
    36
    36
    34
    28
    39
    51
    48

    87
    72
    62
    55
    53
    50
    51
    47
    48
    47

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 565
    2 470
    2 503
    2 236
    1 985
    1 961
    1 793
    1 639
    1 540
    1 497

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    113
    105
    109
    99
    89
    87
    80
    77
    73
    73

    419
    378
    371
    340
    306
    287
    259
    233
    207
    182

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    13
    15
    12
    10
    8
    6
    5
    4
    3
    2

    52
    52
    52
    51
    50
    50
    49
    48
    47
    46

    25
    36
    30
    28
    29
    25
    25
    25
    27
    26

    11
    7
    6
    6
    6
    1
    0
    0
    0
    1

    35
    36
    36
    38
    41
    37
    35
    32
    32
    33

    29
    21
    21
    16
    12
    9
    10
    10
    10
    11

    572
    587
    815
    682
    548
    616
    544
    470
    431
    443

    40
    41
    50
    43
    34
    34
    28
    25
    21
    23

    50
    49
    49
    46
    45
    43
    42
    40
    39
    37

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 351
    1 301
    1 225
    1 096
    1 085
    1 016
    928
    849
    830
    805

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    74
    72
    70
    68
    69
    67
    66
    64
    63
    61

    163
    151
    140
    127
    115
    105
    97
    88
    80
    72

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    3
    2
    2
    2
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1

    46
    46
    48
    48
    50
    50
    50
    49
    49
    49

    27
    26
    21
    23
    20
    19
    16
    19
    18
    16

    1
    2
    1
    1
    1
    1
    0
    0
    0
    0

    31
    28
    25
    24
    22
    19
    16
    14
    11
    6

    11
    8
    8
    7
    6
    5
    5
    6
    6
    6

    360
    357
    322
    244
    271
    248
    199
    146
    151
    151

    17
    16
    13
    9
    9
    8
    6
    4
    4
    4

    34
    31
    29
    26
    24
    23
    21
    20
    19
    19

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    739
    688
    667
    643
    603
    563

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    57
    54
    56
    59
    59
    54

    67
    65
    62
    60
    57
    50

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    50
    49
    48
    46
    44
    43

    17
    18
    18
    19
    21
    24

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    6
    4
    5
    5
    4
    4

    6
    6
    7
    7
    8
    8

    129
    105
    98
    99
    101
    110

    3
    3
    2
    1
    1
    1

    18
    17
    16
    15
    14
    12

    1Includes

    nonprofit organizations.

    414

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 27-1Series X 114-136. Household Assets, Financial Obligations, and Delinquency Rates, 19452002
    Continued
    (Billions of dollars, except as noted; end of period; not seasonally adjusted, except as noted.)
    Financial assets of the household sector 1Continued

    Year

    Security
    credit

    Life
    Pension
    insurfund
    ance
    reserves
    reserves

    Tangible assets of
    the household
    sector

    Equity in
    Bank
    Miscelnonpersonal laneous
    corporate
    trusts
    assets
    business

    Total 1

    Household
    real
    estate 2

    Ratios to disposable personal income Delinquency rate


    (percent, seasonally adjusted)
    on credit card
    Debt
    accounts held at
    as a
    banks
    Household financial obligations
    percent House(percent of loans
    of total
    hold
    serviced,
    assets
    debt
    Homeseasonally
    Total
    Renters
    service
    owners
    adjusted)

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    413
    454

    921
    880

    8 003
    8 681

    5 155
    4 938

    841
    961

    384
    355

    18 171
    16 708

    13 772
    12 537

    17
    16

    13.29
    13.58

    18.15
    18.71

    14.13
    14.54

    29.03
    29.62

    4.94
    4.75

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    412
    324
    277
    215
    163
    128
    109
    102
    76
    87

    819
    784
    718
    665
    611
    566
    520
    485
    448
    419

    9 071
    9 068
    8 210
    7 323
    6 325
    5 671
    4 882
    4 613
    4 151
    3 838

    4 841
    4 582
    4 356
    4 121
    3 852
    3 624
    3 413
    3 224
    3 131
    3 156

    1 096
    1 130
    1 001
    942
    872
    803
    699
    691
    661
    639

    339
    334
    321
    312
    301
    292
    277
    264
    251
    234

    15 477
    14 175
    13 131
    12 151
    11 504
    11 053
    10 458
    10 145
    9 836
    9 511

    11 430
    10 400
    9 545
    8 786
    8 325
    7 996
    7 527
    7 360
    7 121
    6 812

    14
    13
    14
    14
    15
    15
    15
    15
    15
    15

    12.99
    12.64
    12.23
    12.22
    12.17
    11.83
    11.15
    10.74
    10.78
    11.54

    18.03
    17.89
    17.45
    17.56
    17.52
    17.20
    16.45
    15.94
    16.00
    16.85

    14.05
    13.87
    13.53
    13.63
    13.51
    13.13
    12.41
    12.06
    12.20
    12.89

    27.93
    27.18
    25.81
    25.56
    25.49
    25.06
    24.04
    22.53
    22.15
    23.69

    4.59
    4.51
    4.70
    4.75
    4.58
    3.92
    3.26
    3.89
    4.66
    5.27

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    62
    53
    41
    39
    44
    35
    22
    21
    18
    15

    392
    365
    336
    310
    283
    264
    253
    247
    238
    230

    3 376
    3 221
    2 748
    2 492
    2 325
    2 085
    1 711
    1 541
    1 292
    1 065

    3 182
    3 092
    2 958
    2 795
    2 674
    2 543
    2 486
    2 486
    2 424
    2 380

    552
    541
    470
    442
    429
    384
    331
    318
    289
    272

    224
    206
    191
    175
    150
    133
    104
    103
    87
    80

    9 260
    9 066
    8 415
    7 765
    7 205
    6 610
    5 934
    5 307
    5 063
    4 838

    6 579
    6 477
    5 982
    5 505
    5 091
    4 660
    4 112
    3 604
    3 449
    3 295

    15
    14
    14
    14
    14
    14
    13
    13
    12
    13

    11.96
    12.08
    11.82
    12.06
    12.47
    12.00
    11.16
    10.78
    10.77
    10.69

    17.26
    17.36
    17.04
    17.45
    17.89
    17.30
    16.18
    15.79
    15.80
    15.62

    13.28
    13.37
    13.02
    13.26
    13.62
    13.09
    12.15
    11.81
    11.55
    11.37

    24.59
    24.86
    25.02
    25.73
    26.09
    25.18
    23.35
    22.33
    24.15
    24.29

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    16
    10
    9
    6
    6
    4
    4
    5
    5
    5

    221
    210
    199
    188
    178
    169
    158
    151
    144
    137

    970
    801
    691
    590
    535
    467
    368
    358
    349
    293

    2 219
    1 966
    1 691
    1 454
    1 286
    1 153
    1 052
    938
    800
    717

    265
    231
    207
    194
    196
    169
    147
    175
    187
    163

    74
    67
    60
    53
    46
    41
    37
    34
    31
    29

    4 378
    3 901
    3 357
    2 903
    2 504
    2 253
    2 035
    1 920
    1 695
    1 500

    2 945
    2 605
    2 212
    1 888
    1 591
    1 415
    1 262
    1 252
    1 099
    958

    13
    13
    13
    13
    12
    12
    13
    12
    11
    12

    10.60
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    15.36
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    11.20
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    23.61
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4
    5
    7
    5
    3
    3
    2
    1
    1
    1

    131
    125
    120
    116
    111
    106
    101
    97
    92
    89

    254
    231
    219
    196
    172
    162
    145
    128
    114
    107

    650
    620
    584
    539
    514
    479
    452
    433
    428
    410

    138
    135
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    26
    24
    22
    20
    18
    17
    16
    15
    14
    14

    1 375
    1 295
    1 188
    1 063
    995
    922
    876
    831
    795
    762

    875
    833
    769
    686
    650
    606
    580
    554
    534
    512

    12
    12
    11
    12
    12
    12
    12
    11
    11
    10

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1

    85
    82
    79
    75
    73
    69
    66
    64
    61
    58

    94
    85
    75
    65
    58
    52
    44
    39
    33
    28

    392
    380
    379
    364
    353
    336
    328
    324
    323
    325

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    13
    13
    12
    12
    12
    11
    11
    11
    10
    9

    730
    698
    664
    638
    603
    560
    516
    488
    458
    425

    488
    464
    439
    418
    395
    368
    338
    316
    296
    272

    10
    10
    9
    10
    9
    9
    8
    8
    7
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1

    55
    52
    49
    47
    43
    40

    24
    21
    18
    16
    14
    12

    297
    284
    279
    262
    230
    198

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    9
    8
    8
    8
    7
    6

    382
    336
    309
    275
    231
    199

    244
    218
    200
    178
    150
    131

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: The Federal Reserve Board.


    1Includes nonprofit organizations.
    2Excludes nonprofit organizations.

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 27: FINANCIAL MARKETS AND INSTITUTIONS

    415

    Table 27-2Series X 410-419. Money StockCurrency, Deposits, Bank Vault Cash, and Gold,
    18672002
    (Billions of dollars, December data.)
    Year

    Demand deposits adjusted,


    commercial

    Currency held by the public

    M2 Money Supply
    (M1 plus time 2 deposits)

    M1 Money Supply 1

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    627.3
    581.9

    297
    326

    1 240
    1 203

    5 841
    5 488

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    531.5
    517.7
    459.9
    424.6
    394.1
    372.1
    354.0
    321.6
    292.2
    267.1

    307
    352
    377
    393
    400
    389
    384
    386
    340
    290

    1 112
    1 148
    1 120
    1 097
    1 105
    1 152
    1 174
    1 153
    1 046
    916

    4 967
    4 677
    4 407
    4 053
    3 836
    3 664
    3 518
    3 504
    3 448
    3 392

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    246.5
    222.2
    212.0
    196.7
    180.4
    167.7
    156.1
    146.2
    132.5
    122.5

    277
    279
    287
    288
    303
    267
    243
    239
    234
    231

    843
    811
    803
    765
    740
    633
    565
    533
    486
    447

    3 291
    3 171
    3 007
    2 843
    2 745
    2 508
    2 322
    2 137
    1 918
    1 760

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    115.3
    104.8
    96.0
    87.4
    79.5
    72.8
    67.0
    60.8
    56.2
    52.0

    261
    257
    250
    236
    222
    211
    205
    200
    192
    175

    420
    393
    368
    340
    315
    295
    282
    270
    256
    235

    1 605
    1 479
    1 371
    1 273
    1 154
    1 018
    904
    857
    803
    711

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    48.6
    45.7
    43.0
    40.0
    38.0
    36.0
    33.9
    32.2
    30.3
    29.3

    165
    157
    154
    143
    133
    131
    126
    121
    117
    116

    220
    209
    203
    188
    177
    173
    165
    158
    152
    149

    628
    590
    570
    528
    484
    463
    428
    396
    366
    339

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    28.7
    28.8
    28.4
    28.3
    28.0
    27.6
    27.5
    27.8
    26.7
    25.5

    112
    111
    110
    108
    108
    107
    103
    101
    99
    94

    145
    144
    138
    137
    136
    134
    130
    128
    125
    119

    315
    301
    201
    192
    187
    184
    177
    171
    165
    156

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    25.0
    25.5
    26.1
    26.6
    28.5
    25.3
    21.2
    16.4
    11.5
    8.4

    89
    86
    86
    85
    80
    74
    64
    56
    44
    38

    114
    111
    112
    112
    103
    99
    85
    72
    55
    47

    151
    147
    148
    146
    139
    127
    107
    90
    71
    63

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6.8
    6.0
    5.6
    5.6
    5.2
    4.8
    4.6
    5.1
    4.9
    4.2

    33
    28
    25
    25
    24
    21
    17
    15
    16
    20

    40
    34
    31
    31
    30
    26
    22
    20
    21
    24

    55
    49
    46
    46
    43
    39
    34
    32
    36
    43

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    3.7
    3.9
    3.9
    4.0
    4.0
    4.0
    4.0
    4.0
    3.7
    4.0

    22
    23
    22
    22
    22
    22
    20
    19
    18
    17

    26
    27
    26
    26
    26
    26
    24
    23
    22
    22

    46
    47
    46
    45
    44
    42
    39
    37
    34
    33

    1Currency, demand deposits, other checkable deposits, and travelers checks.


    2Includes M1 plus household savings and time deposits, and retail money market

    June data; from 1867 to 1881, January or February data.

    funds. Prior to 1948, it does not include deposits at saving and loan associations. From 1882 to 1906, M2 shows

    416

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 27-2Series X 410-419. Money StockCurrency, Deposits, Bank Vault Cash, and Gold,
    18672002Continued
    (Billions of dollars, December data.)
    Year

    Demand deposits adjusted,


    commercial

    Currency held by the public

    M2 Money Supply
    (M1 plus time 2 deposits)

    M1 Money Supply 1

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4.5
    4.0
    2.8
    2.2
    2.2
    1.9
    1.9
    1.9
    1.8
    1.8

    19
    18
    16
    15
    13
    11
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    24
    22
    19
    17
    15
    12
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    35
    31
    27
    24
    21
    18
    16
    16
    15
    14

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1.7
    1.7
    1.8
    1.7
    1.6
    1.5
    1.4
    1.4
    1.3
    1.3

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    13
    13
    11
    11
    11
    10
    9
    9
    8
    7

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1.2
    1.1
    1.0
    0.9
    0.9
    0.9
    0.9
    1.0
    1.0
    1.0

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    7
    6
    5
    5
    4
    4
    4
    4
    4
    4

    1890
    1889
    1888
    1887
    1886
    1885
    1884
    1883
    1882
    1881

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    0.9
    0.9
    0.8
    0.8
    0.8
    0.8
    0.8
    0.9
    0.8
    0.8

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4
    4
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    2

    1880
    1879
    1878
    1877
    1876
    1875
    1874
    1873
    1872
    1871

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    0.7
    0.6
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.6
    0.6
    0.5

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2

    1870
    1869
    1868
    1867

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    0.5
    0.6
    0.5
    0.6

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1
    1
    1
    1

    Source: The Federal Reserve Board.


    1Currency, demand deposits, other checkable deposits, and travelers checks.
    2Includes M1 plus household savings and time deposits, and retail money market

    June data; from 1867 to 1881, January or February data.


    . . . = Not available.

    funds. Prior to 1948, it does not include deposits at saving and loan associations. From 1882 to 1906, M2 shows

    SECTION 27: FINANCIAL MARKETS AND INSTITUTIONS

    417

    Table 27-3Series X 444-455. Money Market Rates, 18902003


    Year

    Prime commercial
    paper,
    4 to 6 months 1, 2

    Finance company
    paper, place directly,
    3 to 6 months 3

    U.S. government
    securities 4, 3-month
    bills 5, rate on new
    issues

    Prime bankers
    acceptances,
    3 month 1

    Federal Reserve Bank


    of New York discount rate
    Low

    High

    2003 ......................................................
    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    1.13
    1.70
    3.65

    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    0.75
    1.25

    ...
    1.25
    6.00

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6.33
    5.22
    5.37
    5.60
    5.42
    5.93
    4.93
    3.30
    3.80
    5.85

    ...
    ...
    ...
    5.48
    5.29
    5.78
    4.53
    3.16
    3.65
    5.71

    6.23
    5.24
    5.39
    5.54
    5.31
    5.81
    4.56
    3.13
    3.62
    5.70

    5.66
    4.66
    4.81
    5.07
    5.02
    5.51
    4.29
    3.02
    3.45
    5.42

    5.00
    4.50
    4.50
    5.00
    5.00
    4.75
    3.00
    3.00
    3.00
    3.50

    ...
    5.00
    5.00
    5.00
    5.25
    5.25
    4.75
    3.00
    3.50
    6.50

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    7.95
    8.80
    7.68
    6.85
    6.39
    8.00
    10.18
    8.90
    11.89
    14.77

    7.87
    8.72
    7.38
    6.54
    6.38
    7.77
    9.75
    8.71
    11.24
    14.09

    7.93
    8.87
    7.56
    6.75
    6.38
    7.91
    10.17
    8.91
    11.89
    15.34

    7.51
    8.12
    6.69
    5.82
    5.98
    7.47
    9.53
    8.63
    10.69
    14.03

    3.50
    6.50
    7.00
    6.50
    6.00
    5.50
    7.50
    8.50
    8.50
    12.00

    7.00
    7.00
    6.50
    6.00
    7.00
    7.50
    9.00
    8.00
    11.50
    14.00

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    12.24
    10.90
    7.99
    5.61
    5.35
    6.33
    9.88
    8.15
    4.72
    5.11

    11.45
    10.45
    7.79
    5.48
    5.20
    6.16
    8.67
    7.41
    4.54
    4.89

    12.67
    10.97
    8.05
    5.53
    5.08
    6.33
    9.74
    8.27
    4.33
    4.67

    11.51
    10.05
    7.22
    5.27
    4.99
    5.84
    7.89
    7.04
    4.07
    4.35

    10.00
    10.50
    10.00
    7.00
    5.75
    6.25
    7.75
    5.00
    ...
    4.25

    13.00
    12.00
    12.00
    9.50
    6.00
    7.25
    8.00
    8.50
    ...
    5.25

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    7.72
    7.83
    5.90
    5.10
    5.55
    4.38
    3.97
    3.55
    3.26
    2.97

    7.18
    7.11
    5.69
    4.89
    5.43
    4.27
    3.84
    3.39
    3.06
    2.65

    7.23
    7.75
    5.79
    4.82
    5.42
    4.34
    3.77
    3.36
    3.01
    2.81

    6.43
    6.68
    5.34
    4.32
    4.88
    3.95
    3.56
    3.16
    2.78
    2.38

    5.50
    5.50
    4.50
    4.00
    4.50
    4.00
    3.50
    3.00
    3.00
    3.00

    6.00
    6.00
    5.50
    4.50
    4.50
    4.50
    4.00
    3.50
    3.00
    3.00

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    3.85
    3.97
    2.46
    3.81
    3.31
    2.18
    1.58
    2.52
    2.33
    2.16

    3.50
    3.75
    2.12
    3.56
    3.02
    1.85
    1.29
    2.33
    2.16
    1.87

    3.51
    3.49
    2.04
    3.45
    2.64
    1.71
    1.35
    1.87
    1.75
    1.60

    2.93
    3.41
    1.84
    3.27
    2.66
    1.75
    0.95
    1.93
    1.77
    1.55

    3.00
    2.50
    1.75
    3.00
    2.50
    1.50
    1.50
    1.75
    1.75
    1.75

    4.00
    4.00
    3.00
    3.50
    3.00
    2.50
    2.00
    2.00
    1.75
    1.75

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1.45
    1.49
    1.44
    1.03
    0.81
    0.75
    0.73
    0.69
    0.66
    0.53

    1.41
    1.46
    1.34
    0.94
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1.15
    1.13
    1.11
    0.87
    0.61
    0.44
    0.44
    0.44
    0.44
    0.44

    1.22
    1.10
    1.04
    0.59
    0.38
    0.38
    0.38
    0.37
    0.33
    0.10

    1.50
    1.50
    1.00
    1.00
    50.50
    50.50
    50.50
    50.50
    50.50
    1.00

    1.75
    1.50
    1.50
    1.00
    1.00
    1.00
    1.00
    1.00
    1.00
    1.00

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    0.56
    0.59
    0.81
    0.94
    0.75
    0.75
    1.02
    1.73
    2.73
    2.64

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    0.44
    0.44
    0.44
    0.43
    0.15
    0.13
    0.25
    0.63
    1.28
    1.57

    0.01
    0.02
    0.05
    0.45
    0.14
    0.14
    0.26
    0.25
    0.88
    1.40

    1.00
    1.00
    1.00
    1.00
    1.15
    1.50
    1.50
    2.00
    2.50
    1.50

    1.00
    1.00
    1.00
    1.50
    1.50
    1.50
    2.00
    3.50
    3.50
    3.50

    1Averages of weekly prevailing rates through 1934; average of the most representative daily offering rate quoted by dealers thereafter.
    2From 1996 financial commercial paper.
    3Averages of the most representative daily offering rates published by finance companies, for varying maturities in the 90170 day range.
    4Yields are averages computed from daily closing bid prices.
    5Bills quoted on bank discount rate basis.

    . . . = Not available.

    418

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 27-3Series X 444-455. Money Market Rates, 18902003Continued


    Year

    Prime commercial
    paper,
    4 to 6 months 1, 2

    Finance company
    paper, place directly,
    3 to 6 months 3

    Prime bankers
    acceptances,
    3 month 1

    U.S. government
    securities 4, 3-month
    bills, rate on new issues

    Federal Reserve Bank


    of New York discount rate
    Low

    High

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    3.59
    5.85
    4.85
    4.11
    4.34
    4.02
    3.98
    5.07
    4.52
    6.62

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2.48
    5.03
    4.09
    3.45
    3.59
    3.29
    2.98
    4.09
    3.51
    5.28

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2.00
    4.50
    3.50
    3.50
    3.50
    3.00
    3.00
    4.00
    4.00
    4.50

    4.50
    6.00
    5.00
    4.00
    4.00
    3.50
    4.50
    4.50
    4.50
    7.00

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    7.50
    5.37
    6.02
    5.07
    3.84
    4.01
    5.47
    6.20
    5.41
    4.75

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    6.06
    4.37
    4.19
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4.75
    4.00
    3.50
    3.00
    3.00
    4.00
    5.00
    ...
    ...
    ...

    7.00
    4.75
    4.00
    3.50
    4.00
    5.00
    6.00
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    5.72

    6.25
    5.18
    5.14
    6.16
    5.81
    5.40

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    5.71
    5.50
    5.34
    4.72
    7.02
    5.80
    5.22
    7.64
    5.40
    6.48

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1890 ......................................................

    6.91

    ...

    ...

    ...

    ...

    ...

    64.67
    65.00
    66.66

    Source: The Federal Reserve Board.


    1Averages of weekly prevailing rates through 1934; average of the most representative daily offering rate quoted by dealers thereafter.
    2From 1996 financial commercial paper.
    3Averages of the most representative daily offering rates published by finance companies, for varying maturities in the 90170 day range.
    4Yields are averages computed from daily closing bid prices.
    6Includes one or more interpolated items.

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 27: FINANCIAL MARKETS AND INSTITUTIONS

    419

    Table 27-4Series X 474-486. Bond and Stock Yields, 19002003


    Year

    Federal funds

    Municipal high grade

    Corporate Aaa
    (Moodys)

    Corporate Baa
    (Moodys)

    Common stocks,
    Dividend-price ratio 1

    2003 ......................................................
    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    1.13
    1.67
    3.88

    4.73
    5.05
    5.19

    5.67
    6.49
    7.08

    6.77
    7.80
    7.95

    ...
    1.61
    1.32

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    6.24
    4.97
    5.35
    5.46
    5.30
    5.83
    4.21
    3.02
    3.52
    5.69

    5.77
    5.43
    5.12
    5.55
    5.75
    5.95
    6.19
    5.63
    6.41
    6.89

    7.62
    7.04
    6.53
    7.26
    7.37
    7.59
    7.96
    7.22
    8.14
    8.77

    8.36
    7.87
    7.22
    7.86
    8.05
    8.20
    8.62
    7.93
    8.98
    9.80

    1.15
    1.25
    1.49
    1.77
    2.19
    2.56
    2.82
    2.78
    2.99
    3.24

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    8.10
    9.21
    7.57
    6.66
    6.81
    8.10
    10.23
    9.09
    12.26
    16.38

    7.25
    7.24
    7.76
    7.73
    7.38
    9.18
    10.15
    9.47
    11.57
    11.23

    9.32
    9.26
    9.71
    9.38
    9.02
    11.37
    12.71
    12.04
    13.79
    14.17

    10.36
    10.18
    10.83
    10.58
    10.39
    12.72
    14.19
    13.55
    16.11
    16.04

    3.61
    3.45
    3.64
    3.08
    3.49
    4.25
    4.64
    4.40
    5.81
    5.20

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    13.36
    11.19
    7.93
    5.54
    5.04
    5.82
    10.50
    8.73
    4.43
    4.66

    8.51
    6.39
    5.90
    5.56
    6.49
    6.89
    6.09
    5.18
    5.27
    5.70

    11.94
    9.63
    8.73
    8.02
    8.43
    8.83
    8.57
    7.44
    7.21
    7.39

    13.67
    10.69
    9.49
    8.97
    9.75
    10.61
    9.50
    8.24
    8.16
    8.56

    5.26
    5.47
    5.28
    4.62
    3.77
    4.31
    4.47
    3.06
    2.84
    3.14

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    7.18
    8.20
    5.66
    4.22
    5.11
    4.07
    3.50
    3.18
    2.68
    1.96

    6.51
    5.81
    4.51
    3.98
    3.82
    3.27
    3.22
    3.23
    3.18
    3.46

    8.04
    7.03
    6.18
    5.51
    5.13
    4.49
    4.40
    4.26
    4.33
    4.35

    9.11
    7.81
    6.94
    6.23
    5.67
    4.87
    4.83
    4.86
    5.02
    5.08

    3.97
    3.42
    3.22
    3.35
    3.57
    3.06
    3.00
    3.17
    3.37
    3.07

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    3.22
    3.30
    1.57
    3.11
    2.73
    1.78
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3.73
    3.95
    3.56
    3.60
    2.93
    2.53
    2.37
    2.72
    2.19
    2.00

    4.41
    4.38
    3.79
    3.89
    3.36
    3.06
    2.90
    3.20
    2.96
    2.86

    5.19
    5.05
    4.73
    4.71
    3.88
    3.53
    3.51
    3.74
    3.52
    3.41

    3.60
    3.31
    4.01
    4.33
    4.07
    4.05
    4.75
    5.49
    5.49
    6.11

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1.98
    2.21
    2.40
    2.01
    1.64
    1.67
    1.86
    2.06
    2.36
    2.10

    2.62
    2.66
    2.82
    2.61
    2.53
    2.62
    2.72
    2.73
    2.83
    2.77

    3.24
    3.42
    3.47
    3.24
    3.05
    3.29
    3.61
    3.91
    4.28
    4.33

    6.28
    6.62
    5.77
    5.12
    3.93
    4.17
    4.83
    4.89
    6.64
    6.23

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2.50
    2.76
    2.91
    3.10
    3.07
    3.40
    4.03
    4.71
    4.65
    4.01

    2.84
    3.01
    3.19
    3.26
    3.24
    3.60
    4.00
    4.49
    5.01
    4.58

    4.75
    4.96
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    7.76
    ...
    ...

    5.26
    ...
    4.30
    4.63
    3.50
    4.01
    4.07
    4.22
    7.13
    5.93

    1From 1971 to 2003: Standard and Poors composite. Prior to 1971, Moodys composite. In 1970, the yield according to Standard and Poors was 3.83 percent.
    . . . = Not available.

    420

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 27-4Series X 474-486. Bond and Stock Yields, 19002003Continued


    Year

    Federal funds

    Municipal high grade

    Corporate Aaa
    (Moodys)

    Corporate Baa
    (Moodys)

    Common stocks,
    Dividend-price ratio 1

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4.07
    4.27
    4.05
    3.98
    4.08
    4.09
    4.20
    4.25
    4.23
    5.09

    4.55
    4.73
    4.55
    4.57
    4.73
    4.88
    5.00
    5.12
    5.10
    5.97

    ...
    5.90
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4.45
    3.36
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    4.98
    4.46
    4.50
    4.20
    3.94
    4.16
    4.12
    4.22
    4.02
    3.98

    6.12
    5.49
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3.97
    3.78
    3.93
    3.86
    3.57
    3.40
    3.45
    3.38
    3.20
    3.13

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1900 ......................................................

    ...

    3.12

    ...

    ...

    ...

    Source: The Federal Reserve Board.


    1From 1971 to 2003: Standard and Poors composite. Prior to 1971, Moodys composite. In 1970, the yield according to Standard and Poors was 3.83 percent.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 27: FINANCIAL MARKETS AND INSTITUTIONS

    421

    Table 27-5Series X 517-530. Market Value and Volume of Sales of Stocks and Bonds on Registered
    Securities Exchanges, 19352002
    (Dollars in millions, number.)
    All exchanges

    New York Stock Exchange

    Year
    Market value, all sales

    Shares of stocks sold

    Market value, all sales

    Shares of stocks sold

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    13 662 000
    13 315 000

    480 200
    371 100

    10 793 000
    10 738 000

    376 700
    313 400

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    14 552 000
    11 220 000
    8 698 000
    6 879 000
    4 735 000
    3 690 000
    2 966 000
    2 734 000
    2 149 000
    1 903 000

    317 700
    244 100
    206 400
    159 700
    125 700
    106 400
    90 500
    82 800
    65 500
    58 000

    11 217 000
    9 087 000
    7 275 000
    5 848 000
    4 013 000
    3 078 000
    2 483 000
    2 278 000
    1 759 000
    1 534 000

    265 700
    207 700
    178 900
    138 800
    108 200
    90 100
    76 700
    68 700
    53 300
    47 700

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 752 000
    2 010 000
    1 702 000
    2 492 000
    1 868 000
    1 260 000
    1 004 000
    1 023 000
    658 000
    533 000

    53 338
    54 239
    52 533
    63 771
    48 338
    37 046
    30 456
    30 146
    22 423
    15 910

    1 394 000
    1 581 000
    1 380 000
    1 987 000
    1 453 000
    1 024 000
    815 000
    816 000
    514 000
    416 000

    43 829
    44 140
    44 018
    50 038
    39 258
    30 222
    25 150
    24 253
    18 203
    12 843

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    522 000
    323 000
    269 000
    198 000
    207 000
    167 000
    125 000
    187 000
    215 000
    195 000

    15 480
    10 850
    9 483
    7 023
    7 036
    6 231
    4 846
    5 732
    6 310
    5 916

    398 000
    252 000
    211 000
    157 000
    165 000
    143 000
    106 000
    155 000
    169 000
    155 000

    12 390
    8 675
    7 617
    5 613
    5 649
    5 051
    3 822
    4 337
    4 496
    4 265

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    136 465
    180 877
    202 772
    168 258
    127 914
    93 325
    75 328
    66 157
    56 564
    66 068

    4 539
    4 963
    5 312
    4 504
    3 188
    2 587
    2 045
    1 838
    1 664
    2 010

    107 649
    133 173
    149 395
    160 791
    102 754
    76 878
    63 284
    56 564
    49 019
    54 785

    3 213
    3 174
    3 299
    2 886
    2 205
    1 809
    1 482
    1 351
    1 187
    1 292

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    46 901
    53 877
    39 962
    33 360
    36 360
    39 261
    29 156
    17 488
    18 179
    22 127

    1 389
    1 605
    1 400
    1 292
    1 182
    1 212
    1 053
    716
    732
    863

    39 552
    45 368
    34 351
    28 686
    31 064
    34 038
    25 267
    15 010
    15 531
    19 013

    958
    1 039
    999
    914
    784
    820
    749
    520
    522
    643

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    22 840
    11 443
    13 749
    12 541
    20 001
    18 112
    11 780
    10 986
    5 570
    7 603

    857
    516
    570
    512
    802
    744
    464
    485
    220
    310

    19 735
    9 674
    11 731
    10 617
    16 675
    15 190
    10 089
    9 457
    4 796
    6 408

    655
    380
    413
    358
    531
    496
    342
    362
    169
    230

    1940 ......................................................
    1939 ......................................................
    1938 ......................................................
    1937 ......................................................
    1936 ......................................................
    1935 1 ....................................................

    9 726
    13 347
    13 927
    23 709
    27 283
    19 115

    372
    467
    542
    837
    956
    662

    8 223
    11 488
    12 306
    20 769
    23 323
    16 138

    283
    366
    424
    614
    702
    499

    1Stock

    and bond sales for New York Stock Exchange and New York Curb Exchange, January to March, exclude stopped sales; stock sales for these exchanges also exclude odd-lot sales.

    422

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 27-6Series X 536-539. Net Assets, Sales, and Redemptions of Mutual Funds, 19402002
    (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)
    Year

    Number of
    funds

    Net assets

    Sales

    Redemptions

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    8 256
    8 307

    6 392 000
    6 975 000

    13 196 000
    12 867 000

    13 039 000
    12 242 000

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    8 155
    7 791
    7 314
    6 684
    6 248
    5 725
    5 357
    4 558
    3 850
    3 247

    6 965 000
    6 846 000
    5 525 000
    4 468 000
    3 526 000
    2 811 000
    2 161 000
    2 075 000
    1 646 000
    1 396 000

    11 109 000
    9 044 000
    7 231 000
    5 800 000
    4 672 000
    3 600 000
    3 077 000
    3 189 000
    2 751 000
    2 037 000

    10 586 000
    8 562 000
    6 649 000
    5 324 000
    4 265 000
    3 315 000
    2 929 000
    2 905 000
    2 548 000
    1 879 000

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    3 079
    2 918
    2 718
    2 323
    1 843
    1 531
    1 246
    1 026
    857
    669

    1 065 000
    982 000
    810 000
    770 000
    716 000
    496 000
    371 000
    293 000
    282 900
    241 400

    1 565 000
    1 445 000
    1 177 000
    1 252 000
    1 206 000
    954 000
    680 000
    548 000
    547 800
    472 200

    1 471 000
    1 327 000
    1 167 000
    1 179 000
    1 016 000
    665 000
    607 000
    566 000
    565 800
    362 600

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    564
    524
    505
    477
    452
    426
    431
    421
    410

    135 000
    94 500
    55 800
    48 500
    51 000
    45 800
    35 800
    46 500
    59 800

    248 000
    119 300
    37 200
    17 100
    13 700
    10 100
    5 300
    4 400
    4 900

    217 000
    86 800
    31 500
    16 700
    16 400
    9 600
    3 900
    5 700
    6 600

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    356
    269
    240
    204
    182
    170
    160
    165
    169
    170

    47 618
    48 291
    52 677
    44 701
    34 829
    35 220
    29 116
    25 214
    21 271
    22 789

    1 230
    1 503
    1 994
    1 378
    924
    1 228
    958
    649
    511
    813

    765
    847
    1 028
    743
    427
    512
    411
    388
    286
    263

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    161
    155
    151
    143
    135
    125
    115
    110
    110
    103

    17 026
    15 818
    13 242
    8 714
    9 046
    7 838
    6 109
    4 146
    3 931
    3 130

    481
    541
    482
    332
    343
    290
    271
    160
    214
    194

    193
    172
    175
    96
    91
    93
    99
    57
    49
    62

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    98
    91
    87
    80
    74
    73
    68
    68
    68
    68

    2 531
    1 974
    1 506
    1 409
    1 311
    1 284
    882
    654
    487
    402

    135
    126
    75
    67
    83
    93
    53
    116
    73
    53

    83
    41
    34
    28
    32
    30
    17
    51
    25
    45

    1940 ......................................................

    ...

    448

    ...

    ...

    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 27: FINANCIAL MARKETS AND INSTITUTIONS

    423

    Table 27-7. Mortgage Debt Outstanding, 19452002


    (Billions of dollars, except as noted; end of period; not seasonally adjusted.)
    By type of property

    By type of holder

    Home
    Year

    Total

    Mortgage pools or trusts

    Billions of
    dollars

    Percent
    of value
    of real
    estate

    Multi-family
    Commercial
    residences

    Life
    Commercial Savings
    insurance
    banks
    institutions
    companies

    Farm

    Federal
    and
    related
    agencies

    Total 1

    Federally
    related
    agencies

    ABS
    issuers

    Other

    2002 .................................
    2001 .................................

    8 463
    7 582

    6 463
    5 739

    47
    46

    488
    445

    1 387
    1 281

    125
    116

    2 058
    1 790

    781
    758

    250
    243

    436
    373

    4 161
    3 701

    3 158
    2 830

    1 003
    870

    776
    717

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    6 883
    6 315
    5 712
    5 201
    4 864
    4 577
    4 381
    4 209
    4 072
    3 960

    5 205
    4 787
    4 363
    3 978
    3 720
    3 478
    3 301
    3 119
    2 957
    2 789

    46
    46
    46
    45
    45
    44
    44
    42
    42
    41

    401
    368
    331
    300
    288
    276
    270
    269
    272
    285

    1 168
    1 057
    921
    833
    769
    739
    727
    740
    763
    807

    109
    102
    97
    90
    87
    84
    83
    81
    80
    79

    1 660
    1 495
    1 337
    1 245
    1 145
    1 090
    1 013
    948
    901
    881

    723
    668
    644
    632
    628
    597
    596
    598
    628
    705

    236
    231
    214
    207
    208
    213
    216
    224
    242
    260

    341
    320
    292
    285
    294
    308
    316
    326
    286
    266

    3 226
    2 947
    2 581
    2 232
    2 038
    1 849
    1 726
    1 580
    1 451
    1 275

    2 492
    2 292
    2 018
    1 826
    1 711
    1 570
    1 472
    1 357
    1 272
    1 156

    734
    654
    562
    407
    326
    279
    254
    224
    179
    118

    697
    654
    645
    600
    550
    519
    515
    532
    565
    573

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    3 808
    3 553
    3 282
    2 965
    2 664
    2 377
    2 097
    1 856
    1 666
    1 584

    2 620
    2 383
    2 158
    1 924
    1 726
    1 524
    1 326
    1 192
    1 075
    1 035

    40
    37
    36
    35
    34
    33
    32
    33
    31
    31

    288
    288
    275
    259
    239
    206
    186
    161
    146
    142

    821
    801
    766
    694
    603
    542
    472
    389
    334
    300

    79
    80
    83
    88
    95
    106
    112
    114
    111
    107

    849
    771
    677
    595
    505
    431
    381
    331
    301
    284

    802
    873
    888
    824
    785
    766
    710
    627
    576
    612

    268
    254
    233
    212
    194
    172
    157
    151
    142
    138

    239
    198
    192
    189
    202
    213
    202
    188
    177
    160

    1 088
    923
    787
    702
    550
    393
    300
    245
    179
    129

    1 020
    870
    745
    669
    532
    368
    289
    245
    179
    129

    68
    53
    41
    32
    19
    25
    11
    0
    0
    0

    562
    534
    505
    443
    428
    403
    347
    314
    291
    261

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    1 462
    1 321
    1 154
    1 002
    873
    788
    731
    669
    592
    520

    962
    859
    741
    631
    538
    477
    438
    402
    360
    321

    33
    33
    34
    33
    34
    34
    35
    32
    33
    33

    143
    135
    125
    114
    106
    101
    100
    93
    83
    70

    260
    239
    215
    193
    174
    161
    148
    134
    114
    97

    97
    87
    73
    64
    55
    50
    45
    40
    35
    32

    263
    245
    214
    179
    151
    136
    132
    119
    99
    83

    594
    565
    517
    459
    398
    351
    321
    300
    268
    231

    131
    118
    106
    97
    92
    89
    86
    81
    77
    75

    143
    121
    100
    84
    76
    73
    61
    47
    40
    37

    114
    95
    70
    57
    41
    29
    21
    18
    14
    10

    114
    95
    70
    57
    41
    29
    21
    18
    14
    10

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    217
    176
    146
    126
    116
    111
    110
    104
    94
    85

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    472
    442
    411
    381
    358
    334
    306
    278
    252
    228

    294
    280
    262
    245
    232
    219
    201
    184
    167
    153

    34
    34
    34
    36
    36
    36
    35
    33
    31
    30

    60
    53
    48
    45
    41
    38
    35
    30
    27
    24

    87
    79
    73
    66
    61
    56
    51
    47
    42
    37

    30
    29
    27
    25
    23
    21
    19
    17
    15
    14

    73
    71
    65
    59
    54
    50
    44
    39
    34
    30

    205
    194
    182
    170
    160
    153
    140
    125
    109
    96

    74
    72
    70
    68
    65
    60
    55
    51
    47
    44

    34
    28
    23
    19
    16
    13
    12
    11
    12
    12

    5
    3
    3
    2
    1
    1
    1
    1
    0
    0

    5
    3
    3
    2
    1
    1
    1
    1
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    80
    74
    68
    64
    61
    58
    55
    52
    49
    45

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    208
    191
    172
    156
    144
    129
    113
    101
    91
    82

    141
    130
    117
    107
    98
    88
    75
    66
    58
    51

    29
    28
    27
    26
    25
    24
    22
    21
    20
    19

    21
    19
    17
    15
    14
    13
    13
    12
    11
    11

    33
    30
    27
    24
    22
    19
    17
    16
    14
    14

    13
    12
    11
    10
    10
    9
    8
    8
    7
    7

    29
    28
    26
    23
    23
    21
    19
    17
    16
    15

    86
    77
    68
    60
    55
    48
    40
    34
    29
    25

    42
    39
    37
    35
    33
    29
    26
    23
    21
    19

    11
    10
    8
    7
    6
    5
    5
    5
    4
    3

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    40
    36
    33
    30
    28
    26
    24
    22
    21
    21

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    73
    63
    56
    49
    42
    36

    45
    37
    33
    28
    23
    19

    18
    17
    17
    16
    15
    14

    9
    8
    7
    6
    5
    5

    13
    12
    11
    10
    9
    8

    6
    6
    5
    5
    5
    5

    14
    12
    11
    9
    7
    5

    22
    18
    16
    14
    12
    10

    16
    13
    11
    9
    7
    7

    3
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    20
    18
    17
    15
    12
    10

    1Outstanding

    principal balances of mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by the holder indicated.

    424

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 27-8. Consumer Credit Outstanding and Finance Rates, 19902002


    Type of credit

    1990

    1994

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    TOTAL CREDIT (Billions of Dollars) ..

    789.1

    960.4

    1 095.8

    1 185.1

    1 243.0

    1 317.0

    1 415.5

    1 560.2

    1 666.9

    1 725.7

    Revolving ...............................................
    Nonrevolving 1 .......................................

    238.6
    550.5

    365.6
    594.9

    443.1
    652.7

    498.9
    686.1

    531.0
    712.0

    562.5
    754.5

    598.0
    817.5

    668.0
    892.1

    701.4
    965.5

    712.9
    1 012.8

    Commercial Banks
    New automobiles (48 months) ...............
    Other consumer goods (24 months) ......
    Credit-card plans ...................................

    11.78
    15.46
    18.17

    8.12
    13.19
    16.04

    9.57
    13.94
    15.90

    9.05
    13.54
    15.63

    9.02
    13.90
    15.77

    8.72
    13.74
    15.71

    8.44
    13.39
    15.21

    9.34
    13.90
    15.71

    8.50
    13.22
    14.89

    6.71
    11.59
    13.42

    Finance Companies
    New automobiles ...................................
    Used automobiles ..................................

    12.54
    15.99

    9.79
    13.49

    11.19
    14.48

    9.83
    13.53

    7.12
    13.27

    6.30
    12.64

    6.66
    12.60

    6.61
    13.55

    5.65
    12.18

    4.29
    10.73

    FINANCE RATES (Percent)

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Comprises

    unsecured.

    automobile loans and all other loans not included in revolving credit, such as loans for mobile homes, education, boats, trailers, or vacations. These loans may be secured or

    SECTION 27: FINANCIAL MARKETS AND INSTITUTIONS

    425

    Table 27-9Series X 879-889. Life Insurance Companies and Life Insurance in Force, by Type,
    18152001
    (As of December 31.)

    Year

    Life insurance in force,


    value (millions of dollars)

    Policies (millions)
    Total

    Ordinary

    Group 1

    Average size of policy in force


    (dollars)
    Industrial 2

    Credit 3

    Ordinary

    Group

    2001 ......................................................

    377

    16 290 000

    9 346 000

    6 765 000

    ...

    ...

    ...

    ...

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    369
    367
    358
    351
    355
    393
    390
    363
    366
    375

    15 953 000
    15 496 000
    14 471 000
    13 364 000
    12 704 000
    11 638 000
    11 057 000
    11 105 000
    10 406 000
    9 986 000

    9 376 000
    9 172 000
    8 506 000
    7 855 000
    7 408 000
    6 816 000
    6 407 000
    6 428 000
    5 942 000
    5 678 000

    6 376 000
    6 110 000
    5 735 000
    5 279 000
    5 068 000
    4 603 000
    4 442 000
    4 456 000
    4 241 000
    4 058 000

    ...
    ...
    ...
    18 000
    18 000
    18 000
    19 000
    20 000
    21 000
    22 000

    ...
    ...
    ...
    212 000
    211 000
    201 000
    189 000
    200 000
    202 000
    228 000

    ...
    ...
    ...
    56 044
    52 285
    45 090
    45 870
    45 770
    42 960
    41 450

    ...
    ...
    ...
    32 221
    32 577
    27 051
    26 338
    31 430
    29 930
    28 760

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    389
    394
    391
    395
    391
    386
    385
    387
    389
    400

    9 393 000
    8 694 000
    8 020 000
    7 452 000
    6 720 000
    6 053 000
    5 500 000
    4 966 000
    4 477 000
    4 064 000

    5 367 000
    4 940 000
    4 512 000
    4 139 000
    3 658 000
    3 247 000
    2 888 000
    2 544 000
    2 217 000
    1 978 000

    3 754 000
    3 469 000
    3 232 000
    3 043 000
    2 801 000
    2 562 000
    2 392 000
    2 220 000
    2 066 000
    1 889 000

    24 000
    24 000
    26 000
    27 000
    27 000
    28 000
    30 000
    31 000
    33 000
    35 000

    248 000
    260 000
    251 000
    243 000
    234 000
    216 000
    190 000
    171 000
    161 000
    162 000

    37 910
    34 410
    31 390
    28 510
    25 540
    22 780
    19 970
    17 380
    15 140
    13 310

    26 630
    24 510
    23 410
    22 380
    20 720
    19 720
    18 780
    17 530
    16 630
    15 400

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    402
    407
    401
    390
    382
    380
    380
    369
    365
    357

    3 541 000
    3 222 000
    2 870 000
    2 583 000
    2 343 000
    2 140 000
    1 985 000
    1 778 000
    1 628 000
    1 503 000

    1 761 000
    1 586 000
    1 425 000
    1 289 000
    1 178 000
    1 083 000
    1 009 000
    928 000
    849 000
    788 000

    1 579 000
    1 419 000
    1 244 000
    1 115 000
    1 003 000
    905 000
    827 000
    708 000
    631 000
    581 000

    38 000
    37 800
    38 100
    39 000
    39 200
    39 400
    39 400
    40 600
    40 000
    39 200

    165 000
    179 300
    163 100
    139 400
    123 600
    112 000
    109 600
    101 200
    108 800
    95 000

    11 920
    10 890
    10 010
    9 240
    8 610
    8 090
    7 690
    7 230
    6 790
    6 440

    13 410
    12 350
    11 260
    10 550
    10 010
    9 360
    8 840
    8 010
    7 730
    7 170

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    355
    351
    346
    336
    331
    320
    308
    299
    290
    286

    1 402 123
    1 284 529
    1 183 354
    1 079 821
    984 689
    900 554
    797 808
    730 623
    675 977
    629 493

    734 730
    682 453
    633 392
    584 570
    541 022
    499 638
    457 868
    420 808
    391 048
    366 141

    551 357
    488 864
    442 778
    394 501
    345 945
    308 078
    253 620
    229 477
    209 950
    192 794

    38 644
    38 614
    38 827
    39 215
    39 663
    39 818
    39 833
    39 672
    39 638
    39 451

    77 392
    74 598
    68 357
    61 535
    58 059
    53 020
    46 487
    40 666
    35 341
    31 107

    6 105
    5 773
    5 453
    5 150
    4 938
    4 662
    4 382
    4 136
    3 932
    3 766

    6 905
    6 473
    6 074
    5 733
    5 356
    5 056
    4 637
    4 494
    4 323
    4 167

    1960* .....................................................
    1959 ......................................................
    1958 ......................................................
    1957 ......................................................
    1956 ......................................................
    1955 ......................................................
    1954 ......................................................
    1953 ......................................................
    1952 ......................................................
    1951 ......................................................

    282
    275
    267
    266
    261
    251
    237
    229
    219
    210

    586 448
    542 128
    493 561
    458 359
    412 630
    372 332
    333 719
    304 259
    276 591
    253 140

    341 881
    317 158
    288 607
    264 949
    238 348
    216 812
    198 599
    185 007
    170 875
    159 109

    175 903
    160 163
    144 772
    133 905
    117 399
    101 345
    86 410
    72 913
    62 913
    54 398

    39 563
    39 809
    39 646
    40 139
    40 109
    39 682
    38 664
    37 781
    36 448
    34 870

    29 101
    24 998
    20 536
    19 366
    16 774
    14 493
    10 046
    8 558
    6 355
    4 763

    3 597
    3 424
    3 227
    3 041
    2 853
    2 721
    2 619
    2 530
    2 452
    2 378

    4 034
    3 875
    3 736
    3 580
    3 361
    3 202
    3 018
    2 755
    2 667
    2 535

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    202
    194
    187
    182
    173
    163
    159
    151
    144
    140

    234 168
    213 672
    201 208
    186 035
    170 066
    151 762
    145 771
    137 158
    127 721
    122 178

    149 116
    138 862
    131 158
    122 393
    112 818
    101 550
    95 085
    89 596
    85 139
    82 525

    47 793
    40 207
    37 068
    32 026
    27 206
    22 172
    23 922
    22 413
    19 316
    17 359

    33 415
    32 087
    31 253
    30 406
    29 313
    27 675
    26 474
    24 874
    22 911
    21 825

    3 844
    2 516
    1 729
    1 210
    729
    365
    290
    275
    355
    469

    2 319
    2 264
    2 240
    2 200
    2 150
    2 100
    2 080
    2 080
    2 090
    2 100

    2 478
    2 330
    2 280
    2 050
    2 060
    1 930
    1 860
    1 760
    1 740
    1 710

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    134
    131
    129
    128
    124
    121
    117
    115
    116
    124

    115 530
    111 569
    108 927
    107 794
    102 653
    98 464
    96 677
    96 246
    101 559
    106 970

    79 346
    77 121
    75 772
    74 836
    72 361
    70 684
    70 094
    70 872
    75 898
    79 514

    14 938
    13 641
    12 503
    12 638
    11 291
    10 208
    9 472
    8 681
    8 923
    9 736

    20 866
    20 500
    20 396
    20 104
    18 863
    17 471
    17 036
    16 630
    16 669
    17 635

    380
    307
    256
    216
    138
    101
    75
    63
    69
    85

    2 130
    2 130
    2 150
    2 180
    2 160
    2 160
    2 210
    2 260
    2 380
    2 420

    1 700
    1 790
    1 890
    1 710
    1 670
    1 590
    1 710
    1 780
    1 860
    1 730

    1Initial Year 1911.


    2First weekly premium
    3Initial year 1917.

    . . . = Not available.

    policy issued 1873; industrial agency system introduced 1975.

    426

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 27-9Series X 879-889. Life Insurance Companies and Life Insurance in Force, by Type,
    18152001Continued
    (As of December 31.)

    Year

    Life insurance in force,


    value (millions of dollars)

    Policies (millions)
    Total

    Ordinary

    Group 1

    Average size of policy in force


    (dollars)
    Industrial 2

    Credit 3

    Ordinary

    Group

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    124
    123
    116
    110
    104
    97
    90
    83
    76
    70

    106 413
    102 086
    92 590
    84 775
    77 642
    69 475
    61 327
    55 097
    48 342
    43 944

    78 576
    75 686
    68 430
    63 334
    58 453
    52 892
    47 283
    43 077
    38 053
    34 777

    8 901
    8 994
    7 889
    6 333
    5 362
    4 247
    3 127
    2 393
    1 795
    1 527

    17 963
    17 349
    16 231
    15 078
    13 803
    12 318
    10 905
    9 618
    8 486
    7 633

    73
    57
    40
    30
    24
    18
    12
    9
    8
    7

    2 460
    2 470
    2 410
    2 400
    2 350
    2 270
    2 200
    2 160
    2 090
    2 040

    1 700
    1 590
    1 580
    1 450
    1 400
    1 340
    1 280
    1 180
    1 150
    1 070

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    65
    60
    53
    49
    45
    41
    39
    37
    34
    31

    40 540
    32 971
    27 924
    25 243
    22 853
    21 029
    19 737
    18 683
    17 301
    16 125

    32 018
    25 783
    21 818
    19 868
    18 081
    16 650
    15 661
    14 827
    13 709
    12 772

    1 570
    1 092
    630
    349
    155
    100
    65
    31
    13
    (Z)

    6 948
    6 092
    5 474
    5 026
    4 617
    4 279
    4 011
    3 825
    3 579
    3 353

    4
    4
    2
    -3
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 990
    1 860
    1 840
    1 830
    1 800
    1 800
    1 810
    1 810
    1 800
    1 790

    960
    920
    840
    780
    780
    830
    970
    910
    1 080
    ...

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    29
    27
    25
    24
    23
    22
    20
    19
    17
    16

    14 908
    13 878
    13 085
    12 639
    12 285
    11 863
    11 165
    10 217
    9 369
    8 369

    11 783
    10 960
    10 450
    10 103
    9 871
    9 585
    9 059
    8 264
    7 594
    6 766

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3 125
    2 918
    2 635
    2 536
    2 414
    2 278
    2 106
    1 953
    1 775
    1 603

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 830
    1 830
    1 850
    1 860
    1 870
    1 880
    1 930
    1 970
    2 020
    2 040

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    14
    12
    11
    10
    9
    9
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    7 573
    6 822
    6 053
    5 555
    5 207
    4 988
    4 847
    4 609
    4 267
    3 868

    6 124
    5 547
    4 952
    4 563
    4 323
    4 170
    4 048
    3 948
    3 685
    3 388

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 449
    1 275
    1 101
    992
    884
    818
    799
    661
    582
    481

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 160
    2 210
    2 310
    2 340
    2 420
    2 440
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1890
    1889
    1888
    1887
    1886
    1885
    1884
    1883
    1882
    1881

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    3 522
    3 123
    2 742
    2 456
    2 097
    2 007
    1 996
    1 872
    1 721
    1 606

    3 095
    2 758
    2 438
    2 202
    1 899
    1 861
    1 885
    1 785
    1 665
    1 573

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    428
    364
    304
    254
    198
    146
    111
    87
    56
    34

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1880
    1879
    1878
    1877
    1876
    1875
    1874
    1873
    1872
    1871

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1 523
    1 475
    1 520
    1 512
    1 691
    1 874
    1 948
    2 041
    2 079
    2 083

    1 502
    1 470
    1 518
    1 511
    1 690
    1 874
    1 948
    2 041
    2 079
    2 083

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    20
    5.4
    2.0
    1.0
    0.4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1870
    1869
    1868
    1867
    1866
    1865
    1864
    1863
    1862
    1861

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    2 006
    1 825
    1 535
    1 168
    874
    590
    404
    276
    192
    173

    2 006
    1 825
    1 535
    1 168
    ...
    590
    404
    ...
    192
    173

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1Initial Year 1911.


    2First weekly premium
    3Initial year 1917.

    policy issued 1873; industrial agency system introduced 1975.

    . . . = Not available.
    Z = Less than $50,000 or less than $500,000.

    SECTION 27: FINANCIAL MARKETS AND INSTITUTIONS

    427

    Table 27-9Series X 879-889. Life Insurance Companies and Life Insurance in Force, by Type,
    18152001Continued
    (As of December 31.)

    Year

    Life insurance in force,


    value (millions of dollars)

    Policies (millions)
    Total

    Group 1

    Ordinary

    Average size of policy in force


    (dollars)
    Industrial 2

    Credit 3

    Ordinary

    Group

    1860
    1859
    1858
    1857
    1856
    1855
    1854

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    173
    152
    130
    121
    106
    106
    94

    173
    152
    130
    121
    106
    106
    94

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1850
    1845
    1840
    1835
    1830
    1825
    1820
    1815

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    97
    14
    4.7
    2.8
    0.6
    0.2
    0.1
    (Z)

    97
    14
    4.7
    2.8
    0.6
    0.2
    0.1
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: The Federal Reserve Board.


    1Initial Year 1911.
    2First weekly premium
    3Initial year 1917.

    policy issued 1873; industrial agency system introduced 1975.

    . . . = Not available.
    Z = Less than $50,000 or less than $500,000.

    SECTION

    28

    POLITICS AND ELECTIONS

    430

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 28

    POLITICS AND
    ELECTIONS
    Highlights
    Percent of Voting-Age Population Reporting They Voted, 19902000
    80
    70
    60
    18 to 20 years

    50

    Percent

    21 to 24 years
    25 to 34 years

    40

    35 to 44 years
    45 to 64 years
    65 years and over

    30
    20
    10
    0
    1992

    2000

    Presidential election years

    Although the United States was founded as a


    democracy, it took more than 200 years for its electoral
    mechanisms to evolve from a highly elite, non-democratic format to its present state. For the first 100 or so
    years, each state determined for itself who its voters
    were and how they should be enrolled and permitted to
    vote. Over the years, constitutional amendments, congressional legislation, and judicial decisions applied certain constraints to the states discretion in specified
    areas of legal procedure pertaining to elections. In the
    South, for example, fraudulent stuffing of boxes, suppression of returns, and other irregularities were fairly
    common from after the Civil War until well into the
    twentieth century. As late as the 1940s, Lyndon
    Johnsons victory in his first Senate race was attributed
    to such practices. Originally, only free White males were
    enfranchised. Women were universally enfranchised in

    1990

    1998

    Congressional election years

    1920, but a number of states gave women suffrage earlier: Wyoming, as a territory, in 1869; Colorado in 1893;
    Utah in 1896; Idaho in 1897; Washington and California
    in 1911; Oregon, Arizona, and Kansas in 1913; Montana
    and Nevada in 1914; Illinois in 1916; and Michigan and
    New York in 1918. Blacks were enfranchised in 1870 by
    the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, but were
    handicapped in the South by a number of procedural
    and technical restrictions designed to keep them away
    from the ballot box. In the 1960s, the Civil Rights Act
    made such restrictions unconstitutional. Until 1928, citizenship was not a requirement for voting and aliens
    voted freely in many states. Because of the difficulty in
    estimating the number of foreign-born males in the
    population, the electoral data for years before and after
    1928 are not strictly comparable.

    SECTION 28: POLITICS AND ELECTIONS

    Article II, Section I of the U.S. Constitution delineates the method for the election of the president of the
    United Statesthe establishment of an electoral college
    in each state. The method of casting the electoral votes
    was modified in 1804 by the adoption of the 12th
    Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. With a few exceptions, presidential electors have been chosen by direct
    popular vote since 1828, although state legislators still
    have the right to choose the electors. On four occasions
    in U.S. history, the entire electoral vote of a state
    remained uncast for technical reasons.

    The number of members of the U.S. House of


    Representatives is fixed by Congress at the time of each
    apportionment and is based on the population of each
    state as shown in the decennial censuses. No change in
    total house membership has been made since 1912,
    except to allot one representative each to Hawaii and
    Alaska when they attained statehood. Membership was
    increased to 437 in 1960, but reverted to 435 after 1962.
    Prior to the passage of the 14th Amendment, Native
    Americans were excluded from the census and only
    three out of five slaves were included. Before 1850,
    apportionment ratios were chosen arbitrarily. From
    1850 to 1900, it was by dividing the total population by
    a predetermined number of representatives; from 1910
    on, it was by dividing the eligible population by a fixed
    number of representatives.

    The United States has one of the lowest rates of


    voter participation in elections and one of the highest
    rates of political apathy among all democracies (as
    measured by voter turnout for elections, number of citizens running for office, membership in political parties,
    and so on). Generally, presidential election years draw
    more voters to the polling booths than midterm election
    years. Even so, only 54.7 percent of eligible voters turn
    out in average presidential years. The highest percentage of voting age population participating in a presidential election was 62.8 percent in 1960. In congressional
    elections, the percentage is much lower, for example
    41.9 percent in 1998.

    The power of incumbency on Congress is illustrated by the fact that 97.8 percent of all representatives
    and 79.3 percent of all senators in presidential election
    years, and 97.8 percent of all representatives and 89.7
    percent of senators in midterm election years, are reelected.

    431

    The women and minority share of both the House


    and the Senate has increased since the 1980s. The number of women jumped from 19 in the House and two in
    the Senate in 1981 to 62 in the House and 13 in the
    Senate in 2001. Similarly, the number of Blacks grew
    from 17 in the House and none in the Senate to 39 in
    the House and none in the Senate in 2001. The members of both houses are now older than the members in
    1981. There are 14 members in the House and no member in the Senate below age 40, compared with 94 and 9
    respectively in 1981. Senators tend to be even older.
    There were 18 members over age 70 in 2001, compared
    with 6 in 1981.

    The number of states with Democratic governors


    has grown in recent years, but remains less than those
    with Republican governors. The governor elected in
    2000 with the highest percentage of popular votes was
    Mike Foster, a Republican from Maine, who received
    62.2 percent of the vote.

    Of the total voting-age population, only one-third


    register and only 54.7 percent voted in presidential election years and 41.9 percent in congressional election
    years. More White voters register and vote than Black
    voters and, as a result, the 3 percent gap between these
    two categories of voters has remained despite efforts to
    bring more Blacks into the political stream. By states,
    the highest percentage of voters was 66.6 percent in
    Minnesota and the lowest was 32.8 percent in Arkansas.

    In 2001, the federal government employed 2.698


    million civilians and state and local governments
    employed 18.272 million. Monthly payroll was $11.4 billion for the federal government and $49.262 billion for
    state and local governments.

    432

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 28-1Series Y 79-83. Electoral and Popular Vote Cast for President, by Political Party, 17892000
    (Excludes unpledged tickets and minor candidates polling under 10,000 votes; various party labels may have been used by a candidate in
    different states, the more important of which are listed below.)
    Vote cast
    Year

    Number of states

    Presidential candidate

    Political party
    Electoral

    Popular

    2000 ............................................................................

    50

    George W. Bush
    Al Gore
    Ralph Nader
    Pat Buchanan

    Republican
    Democratic
    Green
    Reform

    271
    266
    -

    50 455 000
    50 992 000
    2 883 000
    449 000

    1996 ............................................................................

    50

    Bill Clinton
    Robert Dole
    H. Ross Perot
    Ralph Nader

    Democratic
    Republican
    Independent
    Green

    379
    159
    -

    47 402 000
    39 199 000
    8 085 000
    685 000

    1992 ............................................................................

    50

    Bill Clinton
    George Bush
    H. Ross Perot
    Andre Marrou

    Democratic
    Republican
    Independent
    Libertarian

    370
    168
    -

    44 909 000
    39 104 000
    19 742 000
    292 000

    1988 ............................................................................

    50

    George Bush
    Michael Dukakis
    Ron Paul
    Lenora B. Fulani

    Republican
    Democratic
    Libertarian
    New Alliance

    426
    111
    -

    48 886 000
    41 809 000
    432 000
    217 000

    1984 ............................................................................

    50

    Ronald Reagan
    Walter Mondale
    David Bergland
    Lyndon H. LaRouche

    Republican
    Democratic
    Libertarian
    Independent

    525
    13
    -

    54 455 000
    37 577 000
    228 000
    79 000

    1980 ............................................................................

    50

    Ronald Reagan
    Jimmy Carter
    John Anderson
    Ed Clark

    Republican
    Democratic
    Independent
    Libertarian

    489
    49
    -

    43 904 000
    35 484 000
    5 720 000
    921 000

    1976 ............................................................................

    50

    Jimmy Carter
    Gerald Ford
    Eugene McCarthy
    Roger McBride

    Democratic
    Republican
    Independent
    Libertarian

    297
    240
    -

    40 831 000
    39 148 000
    757 000
    173 000

    1972 ............................................................................

    50

    Richard Nixon
    George McGovern
    John Schmitz
    Benjamin Spock

    Republican
    Democratic
    American
    Peoples

    520
    17
    -

    47 170 000
    29 170 000
    1 099 000
    79 000

    1968 ............................................................................

    50

    Richard M. Nixon
    Hubert H. Humphrey
    George C. Wallace
    Henning A. Blomen
    Dick Gregory
    Fred Halstead
    Eldridge Cleaver
    Eugene J. McCarthy
    E. Harold Munn

    Republican
    Democratic
    American Independent
    Socialist Labor
    (1)
    Socialist Workers
    Peace and Freedom
    (2)
    Prohibition

    301
    191
    46
    -

    31 785 480
    31 275 166
    9 906 473
    52 588
    47 133
    41 388
    36 563
    25 552
    15 123

    1964 ............................................................................

    50

    Lyndon B. Johnson
    Barry M. Goldwater
    Eric Hass
    Clifton DeBerry
    E. Harold Munn

    Democratic
    Republican
    Socialist Labor
    Socialist Workers
    Prohibition

    486
    52
    -

    43 129 566
    27 178 188
    45 219
    32 720
    23 267

    1960 ............................................................................

    50

    John F. Kennedy
    Richard M. Nixon
    Eric Hass
    Rutherford L. Decker
    Orval E. Faubus
    Farrell Dobbs
    Charles L. Sullivan

    Democratic
    Republican
    Socialist Labor
    Prohibition
    National States Rights
    Socialist Workers
    Constitution

    3303

    219
    -

    34 226 731
    34 108 157
    47 522
    46 203
    44 977
    40 165
    18 162

    1956 ............................................................................

    48

    Dwight D. Eisenhower
    Adlai E. Stevenson
    T. Coleman Andrews
    Eric Hass
    Enoch A. Holtwick

    Republican
    Democratic
    States Rights
    Socialist Labor
    Prohibition

    457
    473
    -

    35 590 472
    26 022 752
    111 178
    44 450
    41 937

    1952 ............................................................................

    48

    Dwight D. Eisenhower
    Adlai E. Stevenson
    Vincent Hallinan
    Stuart Hamblen
    Eric Hass
    Darlington Hoopes
    Douglas A. MacArthur
    Farrell Dobbs

    Republican
    Democratic
    Progressive
    Prohibition
    Socialist Labor
    Socialist
    Constitution
    Socialist Workers

    442
    89
    -

    33 936 234
    27 314 992
    140 023
    72 949
    30 267
    20 203
    17 205
    10 312

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Total vote for Gregory includes write-in votes as well as votes for the Freedom and Peace Party, the Peace Freedom Alternative, the Peace and Freedom Party and the
    2Total vote for McCarthy includes write-in votes as well as votes for the Alternative in November Party and the New Party.
    3Six Democratic electors in Alabama, all eight unpledged Democratic electors in Mississippi and one Republican elector in Oklahoma voted for Senator Harry F. Byrd.
    4One Democratic elector in Alabama voted for Walter Jones.

    - = Quantity zero.

    New Party.

    SECTION 28: POLITICS AND ELECTIONS

    433

    Table 28-1Series Y 79-83. Electoral and Popular Vote Cast for President, by Political Party, 17892000
    Continued
    (Excludes unpledged tickets and minor candidates polling under 10,000 votes; various party labels may have been used by a candidate in
    different states, the more important of which are listed below.)
    Vote cast
    Year

    Number of states

    Presidential candidate

    Political party
    Electoral

    Popular

    1948 ............................................................................

    48

    Harry S. Truman
    Thomas E. Dewey
    Strom Thurmond
    Henry Wallace
    Norman Thomas
    Claude A. Watson
    Edward A. Teichert
    Farrell Dobbs

    Democratic
    Republican
    States Rights
    Progressive
    Socialist
    Prohibition
    Socialist Labor
    Socialist Workers

    303
    189
    39
    -

    24 179 345
    21 991 291
    1 176 125
    1 157 326
    139 572
    103 900
    29 241
    13 614

    1944 ............................................................................

    48

    Franklin D. Roosevelt
    Thomas E. Dewey
    Norman Thomas
    Claude A. Watson
    Edward A. Teichert

    Democratic
    Republican
    Socialist
    Prohibition
    Socialist Labor

    432
    99
    -

    25 606 585
    22 014 745
    80 518
    74 758
    45 336

    1940 ............................................................................

    48

    Franklin D. Roosevelt
    Wendell L. Willkie
    Norman Thomas
    Roger Q. Babson
    Earl Browder
    John W. Aiken

    Democratic
    Republican
    Socialist
    Prohibition
    Communist
    Socialist Labor

    449
    82
    -

    27 307 819
    22 321 018
    99 557
    57 812
    46 251
    14 892

    1936 ............................................................................

    48

    Franklin D. Roosevelt
    Alfred M. Landon
    William Lemke
    Norman Thomas
    Earl Browder
    D. Leigh Colvin
    John W. Aiken

    Democratic
    Republican
    Union
    Socialist
    Communist
    Prohibition
    Socialist Labor

    523
    8
    -

    27 752 869
    16 674 665
    882 479
    187 720
    80 159
    37 847
    12 777

    1932 ............................................................................

    48

    Franklin D. Roosevelt
    Herbert C. Hoover
    Norman Thomas
    William Z. Foster
    William D. Upshaw
    Verne L. Reynolds
    William H. Harvey

    Democratic
    Republican
    Socialist
    Communist
    Prohibition
    Socialist Labor
    Liberty

    472
    59
    -

    22 809 638
    15 758 901
    881 951
    102 785
    81 869
    33 276
    53 425

    1928 ............................................................................

    48

    Herbert C. Hoover
    Alfred E. Smith
    Norman Thomas
    Verne L. Reynolds
    William Z. Foster
    William F. Varney

    Republican
    Democratic
    Socialist
    Socialist Labor
    Workers
    Prohibition

    444
    87
    -

    21 391 993
    15 016 169
    267 835
    21 603
    21 181
    20 106

    1924 ............................................................................

    48

    Calvin Coolidge
    John W. Davis
    Robert M. LaFollette
    Herman P. Faris
    Frank T. Johns
    William Z. Foster
    Gilbert O. Nations

    Republican
    Democratic
    Progressive
    Prohibition
    Socialist Labor
    Workers
    American

    382
    136
    13
    -

    15 718 211
    8 385 283
    4 831 289
    57 520
    36 428
    36 386
    23 967

    1920 ............................................................................

    48

    Warren G. Harding
    James M. Cox
    Eugene V. Debs
    P.P. Christensen
    Aaron S. Watkins
    James E. Ferguson
    W.W. Cox

    Republican
    Democratic
    Socialist
    Farmer-Labor
    Prohibition
    American
    Socialist Labor

    404
    127
    -

    16 143 407
    9 130 328
    919 799
    265 411
    189 408
    48 000
    31 715

    1916 ............................................................................

    48

    Woodrow Wilson
    Charles E. Hughes
    A.L. Benson
    J. Frank Hanly
    Arthur E. Reimer

    Democratic
    Republican
    Socialist
    Prohibition
    Socialist Labor

    277
    254
    -

    9 127 695
    8 533 507
    585 113
    220 506
    13 403

    1912 ............................................................................

    48

    Woodrow Wilson
    Theodore Roosevelt
    William H. Taft
    Eugene V. Debs
    Eugene W. Chafin
    Arthur E. Reimer

    Democratic
    Progressive
    Republican
    Socialist
    Prohibition
    Socialist Labor

    435
    88
    8
    -

    6 296 547
    4 118 571
    3 486 720
    900 672
    206 275
    28 750

    1908 ............................................................................

    46

    William H. Taft
    William J. Bryan
    Eugene V. Debs
    Eugene W. Chafin
    Thomas L Hisgen
    Thomas E. Watson
    August Gillhaus

    Republican
    Democratic
    Socialist
    Prohibition
    Independence
    Peoples
    Socialist Labor

    321
    162
    -

    7 675 320
    6 412 294
    420 793
    253 840
    82 872
    29 100
    14 021

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    - = Quantity zero.

    434

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 28-1Series Y 79-83. Electoral and Popular Vote Cast for President, by Political Party, 17892000
    Continued
    (Excludes unpledged tickets and minor candidates polling under 10,000 votes; various party labels may have been used by a candidate in
    different states, the more important of which are listed below.)
    Vote cast
    Year

    Number of states

    Presidential candidate

    Political party
    Electoral

    Popular

    1904 ............................................................................

    45

    Theodore Roosevelt
    Alton B. Parker
    Eugene V. Debs
    Silas C. Swallow
    Thomas E. Watson
    Charles H. Corregan

    Republican
    Democratic
    Socialist
    Prohibition
    Peoples
    Socialist Labor

    336
    140
    -

    7 628 461
    5 084 223
    402 283
    258 536
    117 183
    31 249

    1900 ............................................................................

    45

    William McKinley
    William J. Bryan
    John C. Wooley
    Eugene V. Debs
    Wharton Barker
    Joseph F. Malloney

    Republican
    Democratic 5
    Prohibition
    Socialist
    Peoples
    Socialist Labor

    292
    155
    -

    7 218 491
    6 356 734
    208 914
    87 814
    50 373
    39 739

    1896 ............................................................................

    45

    William McKinley
    William J. Bryan
    John M. Palmer
    Joshua Levering
    Charles H. Matchett
    Charles E. Bentley

    Republican
    Democratic 5
    National Democratic
    Prohibition
    Socialist Labor
    Nationalist

    271
    176
    -

    7 102 246
    6 492 559
    133 148
    132 007
    36 274
    13 969

    1892 ............................................................................

    44

    Grover Cleveland
    Benjamin Harrison
    James B. Weaver
    John Bidwell
    Simon Wing

    Democratic
    Republican
    Peoples
    Prohibition
    Socialist Labor

    277
    145
    22
    -

    5 555 426
    5 182 690
    1 029 846
    264 133
    21 164

    1888 ............................................................................

    38

    Benjamin Harrison
    Grover Cleveland
    Clinton B. Fisk
    Anson J. Streeter

    Republican
    Democratic
    Prohibition
    Union Labor

    233
    168
    -

    5 447 129
    5 537 857
    249 506
    146 935

    1884 ............................................................................

    38

    Grover Cleveland
    James G. Blaine
    Benjamin F. Butler
    John P. St. John

    Democratic
    Republican
    Greenback-Labor
    Prohibition

    219
    182
    -

    4 879 507
    4 850 293
    175 370
    150 369

    1880 ............................................................................

    38

    James A. Garfield
    Winfield S. Hancock
    James B. Weaver
    Neal Dow

    Republican
    Democratic
    Greenback-Labor
    Prohibition

    214
    155
    -

    4 453 295
    4 414 082
    308 578
    10 305

    1876 ............................................................................

    38

    Rutherford B. Hayes
    Samuel J. Tilden
    Peter Cooper

    Republican
    Democratic
    Greenback

    185
    184
    -

    4 036 572
    4 284 020
    81 737

    1872 ............................................................................

    37

    Ulysses S. Grant
    Horace Greeley
    Charles OConnor
    Thomas A. Hendricks
    B. Gratz Brown
    Charles J. Jenkins
    David Davis
    (Not voted)

    Republican
    Democratic
    Straight Democratic
    Independent Democratic
    Democratic
    Democratic
    Democratic

    286
    (6)
    42
    18
    2
    1
    7

    3 596 745
    2 843 446
    29 489
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1868 ............................................................................

    37

    Ulysses S. Grant
    Horatio Seymour
    (Not voted)

    Republican
    Democratic

    214
    80
    23

    3 013 421
    2 706 829
    ...

    1864 ............................................................................

    36

    Abraham Lincoln
    George B. McClellan
    (Not voted)

    Republican
    Democratic

    212
    21
    81

    2 206 938
    1 803 787
    ...

    1860 ............................................................................

    33

    Abraham Lincoln
    J.C. Breckinridge
    Stephen A. Douglas
    John Bell

    Republican
    Democratic (S)
    Democratic
    Constitutional Union

    180
    72
    12
    39

    1 865 593
    848 356
    1 382 713
    592 906

    1856 ............................................................................

    31

    James Buchanan
    John C. Fremont
    Millard Fillmore

    Democratic
    Republican
    American

    174
    114
    8

    1 832 955
    1 339 932
    871 731

    1852 ............................................................................

    31

    Franklin Pierce
    Winfield Scott
    John P. Hale

    Democratic
    Whig
    Free Soil

    254
    42
    -

    1 601 117
    1 385 453
    155 825

    1848 ............................................................................

    30

    Zachary Taylor
    Lewis Cass
    Martin Van Buren

    Whig
    Democratic
    Free Soil

    163
    127
    -

    1 360 967
    1 222 342
    291 263

    1844 ............................................................................

    26

    James K. Polk
    Henry Clay
    James G. Birney

    Democratic
    Whig
    Liberty

    170
    105
    -

    1 338 464
    1 300 097
    62 300

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    5Includes a variety of
    6Greeley died shortly

    . . . = Not available.
    - = Quantity zero.

    joint tickets with Peoples Party electors committed to Bryan.


    after the election and presidential electors supporting him cast their votes as indicated, including three for Greeley, which were not counted.

    SECTION 28: POLITICS AND ELECTIONS

    435

    Table 28-1Series Y 79-83. Electoral and Popular Vote Cast for President, by Political Party, 17892000
    Continued
    (Excludes unpledged tickets and minor candidates polling under 10,000 votes; various party labels may have been used by a candidate in
    different states, the more important of which are listed below.)
    Vote cast
    Year

    Number of states

    Presidential candidate

    Political party
    Electoral

    Popular

    1840 ............................................................................

    26

    William H. Harrison
    Martin Van Buren

    Whig
    Democratic

    234
    60

    1836 ............................................................................

    26

    Martin Van Buren


    William H. Harrison
    Hugh L. White
    Daniel Webster
    W.P. Mangum

    Democratic
    Whig
    Whig
    Whig
    Anti-Jackson

    170
    73
    26
    14
    11

    1 274 624
    1 127 781
    765 483
    ...
    795
    ...
    ...

    7739

    1832 ............................................................................

    24

    Andrew Jackson
    Henry Clay
    William Wirt
    John Floyd
    (Not voted)

    Democratic
    National Republican
    Anti-Masonic
    Nullifiers

    219
    49
    7
    11
    2

    687 502
    530 189
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1828 ............................................................................

    24

    Andrew Jackson
    John Q. Adams

    Democratic
    National Republican

    178
    83

    647 286
    508 064

    1824 ............................................................................

    24

    John Q. Adams
    Andrew Jackson
    Henry Clay
    W.H. Crawford

    No distinct party
    designations

    884
    899

    37
    41

    108 740
    153 544
    47 136
    46 618

    1820 ............................................................................

    24

    James Monroe
    John Q. Adams
    (Not voted)

    Republican
    Independent-Republican

    231
    1
    3

    ...
    ...
    ...

    1816 ............................................................................

    19

    James Monroe
    Rufus King
    (Not voted)

    Republican
    Federalist

    183
    34
    4

    ...
    ...
    ...

    1812 ............................................................................

    18

    James Madison
    DeWitt Clinton
    (Not voted)

    Democratic-Republican
    Fusion

    128
    89
    1

    ...
    ...
    ...

    1808 ............................................................................

    17

    James Madison
    C.C. Pinckney
    George Clinton
    (Not voted)

    Democratic-Republican
    Federalist
    IndependentRepublican

    122
    47
    6
    1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1804 ............................................................................

    17

    Thomas Jefferson
    C.C. Pinckney

    Democratic-Republican
    Federalist

    162
    14

    ...
    ...

    1800 9 .........................................................................

    16

    Thomas Jefferson
    Aaron Burr
    John Adams
    C.C. Pinckney
    John Jay

    Democratic-Republican
    Democratic-Republican
    Federalist
    Federalist
    Federalist

    73
    73
    65
    64
    1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1796 9 .........................................................................

    16

    John Adams
    Thomas Jefferson
    Thomas Pinckney
    Aaron Burr
    Samuel Adams
    Oliver Ellsworth
    George Clinton
    John Jay
    James Iredell
    George Washington
    John Henry
    S. Johnston
    C.C. Pinckney

    Federalist
    Democratic-Republican
    Federalist
    Anti-Federalist
    Democratic-Republican
    Federalist
    Democratic-Republican
    Independent-Federalist
    Federalist
    Federalist
    Independent
    Independent-Federalist
    Independent-Federalist

    71
    68
    59
    30
    15
    11
    7
    5
    3
    2
    2
    2
    1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1792 9 .........................................................................

    15

    George Washington
    John Adams
    George Clinton
    Thomas Jefferson
    Aaron Burr

    Federalist
    Federalist
    Democratic-Republican
    ...
    ...

    132
    77
    50
    4
    1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1789 9 .........................................................................

    10

    George Washington
    John Adams
    John Jay
    R.H. Harrison
    John Rutledge
    John Hancock
    George Clinton
    Samuel Huntington
    John Milton
    James Armstrong
    Benjamin Lincoln
    Edward Telfair
    (Not voted)

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    69
    34
    9
    6
    6
    4
    3
    2
    2
    1
    1
    1
    12

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    7Whig tickets were pledged to various candidates in various states.
    8No candidate having a majority in the electoral college, the election was decided
    9Prior to the election of 1804, each elector voted for two candidates for president;

    in the House of Representatives.


    the one receiving the highest number of votes, if a majority, was declared elected president, the next highest,
    vice president. This provision was modified by adoption of the 12th amendment, which was declared ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states in a proclamation of the Secretary
    of State, Sept. 25, 1804.
    . . . = Not available.

    436

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 28-2Series Y 135-186. Popular Vote Cast for President, by State and Political Party, 19602000
    (Thousands; Rep. = Republican; Dem. = Democratic; vote listed is normally that of the highest candidate for presidential elector for each party;
    party totals generally include votes cast for the presidential candidate under other designations than that of the party itself.)
    1960

    1964

    1968

    1972

    State
    Total

    Rep.

    Dem.

    Total

    Rep.

    Dem.

    Total

    Rep.

    Dem.

    Total

    Rep.

    Dem.

    United States ...................

    68 838

    34 108

    34 277

    70 645

    27 178

    43 130

    73 212

    31 785

    31 275

    77 719

    47 170

    29 170

    Alabama ...........................
    Alaska ..............................
    Arizona .............................
    Arkansas ..........................
    California ..........................
    Colorado ..........................
    Connecticut ......................
    Delaware ..........................
    District of Columbia ..........
    Florida ..............................

    570
    61
    398
    429
    6 507
    736
    1 223
    197
    X
    1 544

    238
    31
    221
    185
    3 260
    402
    566
    96
    X
    795

    324
    30
    177
    215
    3 224
    331
    657
    100
    X
    749

    690
    67
    481
    560
    7 058
    777
    1 219
    201
    199
    1 854

    479
    23
    243
    243
    2 879
    297
    391
    78
    29
    906

    ...
    44
    238
    314
    4 172
    476
    826
    123
    170
    949

    1 050
    83
    487
    620
    7 252
    811
    1 256
    214
    171
    2 188

    147
    38
    267
    191
    3 468
    409
    557
    97
    31
    887

    197
    35
    171
    188
    3 244
    335
    622
    89
    140
    677

    1 006
    95
    623
    651
    8 368
    954
    1 384
    236
    163
    2 583

    729
    55
    403
    449
    4 602
    597
    811
    140
    35
    1 858

    257
    33
    109
    200
    3 476
    330
    555
    92
    128
    718

    Georgia ............................
    Hawaii ..............................
    Idaho ................................
    Illinois ...............................
    Indiana .............................
    Iowa .................................
    Kansas .............................
    Kentucky ..........................
    Louisiana .........................
    Maine ...............................

    733
    185
    300
    4 757
    2 135
    1 274
    929
    1 124
    808
    422

    274
    92
    162
    2 369
    1 175
    722
    561
    603
    231
    241

    459
    92
    139
    2 378
    952
    551
    363
    522
    407
    181

    1 139
    207
    292
    4 703
    2 092
    1 185
    858
    1 046
    896
    381

    617
    44
    144
    1 906
    911
    449
    387
    373
    509
    119

    523
    163
    149
    2 797
    1 171
    733
    464
    670
    387
    262

    1 250
    236
    291
    4 620
    2 124
    1 168
    873
    1 056
    1 097
    393

    380
    91
    165
    2 175
    1 068
    619
    479
    462
    258
    169

    334
    141
    89
    2 040
    807
    477
    303
    398
    310
    217

    1 175
    270
    310
    4 723
    2 126
    1 226
    916
    1 067
    1 051
    417

    881
    169
    199
    2 788
    1 405
    706
    620
    676
    687
    256

    290
    101
    81
    1 913
    709
    496
    270
    371
    298
    161

    Maryland ..........................
    Massachusetts .................
    Michigan ..........................
    Minnesota ........................
    Mississippi .......................
    Missouri ...........................
    Montana ...........................
    Nebraska .........................
    Nevada ............................
    New Hampshire ...............

    1 055
    2 469
    3 318
    1 542
    298
    1 934
    278
    613
    107
    296

    490
    977
    1 620
    758
    74
    962
    142
    381
    52
    158

    566
    1 487
    1 687
    780
    108
    972
    135
    233
    55
    138

    1 116
    2 345
    3 203
    1 554
    409
    1 818
    279
    584
    135
    288

    385
    550
    1 060
    560
    357
    654
    113
    277
    56
    104

    731
    1 786
    2 137
    991
    53
    1 164
    164
    307
    79
    184

    1 235
    2 332
    3 306
    1 589
    655
    1 810
    274
    537
    154
    297

    518
    767
    1 371
    659
    89
    812
    139
    321
    73
    155

    538
    1 469
    1 593
    858
    151
    791
    114
    171
    61
    131

    1 354
    2 459
    3 490
    1 742
    646
    1 856
    318
    576
    182
    334

    829
    1 112
    1 962
    898
    505
    1 154
    184
    406
    116
    214

    506
    1 333
    1 459
    802
    127
    697
    120
    170
    66
    116

    New Jersey ......................


    New Mexico .....................
    New York .........................
    North Carolina ..................
    North Dakota ....................
    Ohio .................................
    Oklahoma ........................
    Oregon .............................
    Pennsylvania ...................
    Rhode Island ....................

    2 773
    311
    7 291
    1 369
    278
    4 162
    903
    776
    5 007
    406

    1 363
    154
    3 446
    655
    154
    2 218
    533
    408
    2 440
    148

    1 385
    156
    3 830
    713
    124
    1 944
    370
    367
    2 556
    258

    2 848
    329
    7 166
    1 425
    258
    3 969
    932
    786
    4 823
    390

    964
    133
    2 244
    625
    108
    1 471
    413
    283
    1 674
    75

    1 868
    194
    4 913
    800
    150
    2 498
    520
    501
    3 131
    315

    2 875
    327
    6 792
    1 587
    248
    3 960
    943
    820
    4 748
    385

    1 325
    170
    3 008
    627
    139
    1 791
    450
    408
    2 090
    122

    1 264
    130
    3 378
    464
    95
    1 701
    302
    359
    2 259
    247

    2 997
    386
    7 166
    1 519
    281
    4 095
    1 030
    928
    4 592
    416

    1 846
    236
    4 193
    1 055
    174
    2 442
    759
    487
    2 715
    220

    1 102
    141
    2 951
    439
    100
    1 559
    247
    393
    1 797
    195

    South Carolina .................


    South Dakota ...................
    Tennessee .......................
    Texas ...............................
    Utah .................................
    Vermont ...........................
    Virginia .............................
    Washington ......................
    West Virginia ....................
    Wisconsin ........................
    Wyoming ..........................

    387
    306
    1 052
    2 311
    375
    167
    771
    1 242
    838
    1 729
    141

    189
    178
    557
    1 121
    205
    98
    405
    629
    396
    895
    77

    198
    128
    481
    1 168
    169
    69
    362
    599
    442
    831
    63

    525
    293
    1 144
    2 627
    401
    163
    1 042
    1 259
    792
    1 692
    143

    309
    130
    509
    959
    182
    55
    481
    470
    254
    638
    62

    216
    163
    635
    1 663
    220
    108
    558
    780
    538
    1 050
    81

    667
    281
    1 249
    3 079
    423
    161
    1 361
    1 304
    754
    1 692
    127

    254
    150
    473
    1 228
    239
    85
    590
    589
    308
    810
    71

    197
    118
    351
    1 267
    157
    70
    442
    616
    374
    749
    45

    674
    307
    1 201
    3 471
    478
    187
    1 457
    1 471
    762
    1 853
    146

    477
    166
    813
    2 299
    324
    117
    988
    837
    485
    989
    100

    187
    140
    357
    1 154
    126
    68
    439
    568
    277
    810
    44

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    . . . = Not available.
    X = Not applicable.

    SECTION 28: POLITICS AND ELECTIONS

    437

    Table 28-2Series Y 135-186. Popular Vote Cast for President, by State and Political Party, 19602000
    Continued
    (Thousands; Rep. = Republican; Dem. = Democratic; vote listed is normally that of the highest candidate for presidential elector for each party;
    party totals generally include votes cast for the presidential candidate under other designations than that of the party itself.)
    1976

    1980

    1984

    1988

    State
    Total

    Rep.

    Dem.

    Total

    Rep.

    Dem.

    Total

    Rep.

    Dem.

    Total

    Rep.

    Dem.

    United States ...................

    81 556

    39 148

    40 831

    86 515

    43 904

    35 484

    92 653

    54 455

    37 577

    91 595

    48 886

    41 809

    Alabama ...........................
    Alaska ..............................
    Arizona .............................
    Arkansas ..........................
    California ..........................
    Colorado ..........................
    Connecticut ......................
    Delaware ..........................
    District of Columbia ..........
    Florida ..............................

    1 183
    124
    743
    768
    7 867
    1 082
    1 382
    236
    169
    3 151

    504
    72
    419
    268
    3 882
    584
    719
    110
    28
    1 470

    659
    44
    296
    499
    3 742
    460
    648
    123
    138
    1 636

    1 342
    158
    874
    838
    8 587
    1 184
    1 406
    236
    175
    3 687

    654
    86
    530
    403
    4 525
    652
    677
    111
    24
    2 047

    637
    42
    247
    398
    3 084
    368
    542
    106
    131
    1 419

    1 442
    208
    1 026
    884
    9 505
    1 295
    1 467
    255
    211
    4 180

    873
    138
    681
    535
    5 467
    822
    891
    152
    29
    2 730

    552
    62
    334
    339
    3 923
    455
    570
    102
    180
    1 449

    1 378
    200
    1 172
    828
    9 887
    1 372
    1 443
    250
    193
    4 302

    816
    119
    703
    467
    5 055
    728
    750
    140
    28
    2 619

    550
    73
    454
    349
    4 702
    621
    677
    109
    159
    1 657

    Georgia ............................
    Hawaii ..............................
    Idaho ................................
    Illinois ...............................
    Indiana .............................
    Iowa .................................
    Kansas .............................
    Kentucky ..........................
    Louisiana .........................
    Maine ...............................

    1 467
    291
    344
    4 719
    2 220
    1 279
    958
    1 167
    1 278
    483

    484
    140
    204
    2 364
    1 184
    633
    503
    532
    587
    236

    979
    147
    127
    2 271
    1 015
    620
    430
    616
    661
    232

    1 597
    303
    437
    4 750
    2 242
    1 318
    980
    1 295
    1 549
    523

    654
    130
    291
    1 981
    1 256
    676
    567
    635
    793
    239

    891
    136
    110
    2 358
    844
    509
    326
    616
    708
    221

    1 776
    336
    411
    4 819
    2 233
    1 320
    1 022
    1 369
    1 707
    553

    1 069
    185
    298
    2 707
    1 377
    703
    677
    822
    1 037
    337

    707
    147
    109
    2 086
    841
    606
    333
    540
    652
    215

    1 810
    354
    409
    4 559
    2 169
    1 226
    993
    1 323
    1 628
    555

    1 081
    159
    254
    2 311
    1 298
    545
    554
    734
    884
    307

    715
    192
    147
    2 216
    861
    671
    423
    580
    717
    244

    Maryland ..........................
    Massachusetts .................
    Michigan ..........................
    Minnesota ........................
    Mississippi .......................
    Missouri ...........................
    Montana ...........................
    Nebraska .........................
    Nevada ............................
    New Hampshire ...............

    1 440
    2 548
    3 654
    1 950
    769
    1 954
    329
    608
    202
    340

    673
    1 030
    1 894
    819
    367
    927
    174
    360
    101
    186

    760
    1 429
    1 697
    1 070
    381
    998
    149
    234
    92
    148

    1 540
    2 524
    3 910
    2 052
    893
    2 100
    364
    641
    248
    384

    681
    1 058
    1 915
    873
    441
    1 074
    207
    420
    155
    222

    726
    1 054
    1 662
    954
    429
    931
    118
    167
    67
    109

    1 676
    2 559
    3 802
    2 084
    941
    2 123
    384
    652
    287
    389

    880
    1 311
    2 252
    1 033
    852
    1 274
    232
    460
    189
    267

    788
    1 240
    1 530
    1 036
    352
    849
    147
    188
    92
    120

    1 714
    2 633
    3 669
    2 007
    932
    2 094
    366
    661
    350
    451

    876
    1 195
    1 965
    962
    558
    1 085
    190
    398
    206
    282

    826
    1 401
    1 676
    1 109
    364
    1 002
    169
    259
    133
    164

    New Jersey ......................


    New Mexico .....................
    New York .........................
    North Carolina ..................
    North Dakota ....................
    Ohio .................................
    Oklahoma ........................
    Oregon .............................
    Pennsylvania ...................
    Rhode Island ....................

    3 014
    418
    6 534
    1 679
    297
    4 112
    1 092
    1 030
    4 621
    411

    1 510
    211
    3 101
    742
    153
    2 001
    546
    492
    2 206
    181

    1 445
    201
    3 390
    927
    136
    2 012
    532
    490
    2 329
    228

    2 976
    457
    6 202
    1 856
    302
    4 284
    1 150
    1 182
    4 562
    416

    1 547
    251
    2 894
    915
    194
    2 207
    696
    571
    2 262
    155

    1 147
    168
    2 728
    876
    79
    1 752
    402
    457
    1 938
    198

    3 218
    514
    6 807
    2 175
    309
    4 548
    1 256
    1 227
    4 845
    410

    1 934
    307
    3 665
    1 346
    200
    2 679
    862
    686
    2 584
    212

    1 261
    202
    3 120
    824
    104
    1 825
    385
    536
    2 228
    197

    3 100
    521
    6 486
    2 134
    297
    4 394
    1 171
    1 202
    4 536
    405

    1 743
    270
    3 082
    1 237
    167
    2 417
    678
    560
    2 300
    178

    1 320
    244
    3 348
    890
    128
    1 940
    483
    616
    2 195
    225

    South Carolina .................


    South Dakota ...................
    Tennessee .......................
    Texas ...............................
    Utah .................................
    Vermont ...........................
    Virginia .............................
    Washington ......................
    West Virginia ....................
    Wisconsin ........................
    Wyoming ..........................

    803
    301
    1 476
    4 072
    541
    188
    1 697
    1 556
    751
    2 104
    156

    346
    152
    634
    1 953
    338
    102
    837
    778
    315
    1 005
    93

    451
    147
    826
    2 082
    182
    81
    814
    717
    436
    1 040
    62

    894
    328
    1 618
    4 542
    604
    213
    1 866
    1 742
    738
    2 273
    177

    442
    198
    788
    2 511
    440
    95
    990
    865
    334
    1 089
    111

    430
    104
    783
    1 881
    124
    82
    752
    650
    367
    982
    49

    969
    318
    1 712
    5 398
    630
    235
    2 147
    1 884
    736
    2 212
    189

    616
    200
    990
    3 433
    469
    136
    1 337
    1 052
    405
    1 199
    133

    344
    116
    712
    1 949
    155
    96
    796
    807
    328
    996
    53

    986
    313
    1 636
    5 427
    647
    243
    2 192
    1 865
    653
    2 192
    177

    606
    165
    947
    3 037
    428
    124
    1 309
    904
    341
    1 047
    107

    371
    146
    680
    2 353
    207
    116
    860
    934
    310
    1 127
    67

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    438

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 28-2Series Y 135-186. Popular Vote Cast for President, by State and Political Party, 19602000
    Continued
    (Thousands; Rep. = Republican; Dem. = Democratic; vote listed is normally that of the highest candidate for presidential elector for each party;
    party totals generally include votes cast for the presidential candidate under other designations than that of the party itself.)
    1992

    1996

    2000

    State
    Total

    Dem.

    Rep.

    Total

    Dem.

    Rep.

    Total

    Dem.

    Rep.

    United States ...................

    104 425

    44 909

    39 104

    96 278

    47 402

    39 199

    105 397

    50 992

    50 455

    Alabama ...........................
    Alaska ..............................
    Arizona .............................
    Arkansas ..........................
    California ..........................
    Colorado ..........................
    Connecticut ......................
    Delaware ..........................
    District of Columbia ..........
    Florida ..............................

    1 688
    259
    1 487
    951
    11 132
    1 569
    1 616
    290
    228
    5 314

    690
    78
    543
    506
    5 121
    630
    682
    126
    193
    2 073

    804
    102
    572
    337
    3 631
    563
    578
    102
    21
    2 173

    1 534
    242
    1 404
    884
    10 019
    1 511
    1 393
    271
    186
    5 304

    662
    80
    653
    475
    5 120
    671
    736
    140
    158
    2 547

    769
    123
    622
    325
    3 828
    692
    483
    99
    17
    2 245

    1 666
    286
    1 532
    922
    10 966
    1 741
    1 460
    328
    202
    5 963

    693
    79
    685
    423
    5 861
    738
    816
    180
    172
    2 912

    941
    167
    782
    473
    4 567
    884
    561
    137
    18
    2 913

    Georgia ............................
    Hawaii ..............................
    Idaho ................................
    Illinois ...............................
    Indiana .............................
    Iowa .................................
    Kansas .............................
    Kentucky ..........................
    Louisiana .........................
    Maine ...............................

    2 321
    373
    482
    5 050
    2 306
    1 355
    1 157
    1 493
    1 790
    679

    1 009
    179
    137
    2 453
    848
    586
    390
    665
    816
    263

    995
    137
    203
    1 734
    989
    505
    450
    617
    733
    207

    2 299
    360
    492
    4 311
    2 136
    1 234
    1 074
    1 389
    1 784
    606

    1 054
    205
    165
    2 342
    887
    620
    388
    637
    928
    313

    1 081
    114
    257
    1 587
    1 007
    493
    583
    623
    713
    186

    2 597
    368
    502
    4 742
    2 199
    1 316
    1 072
    1 544
    1 766
    652

    1 116
    205
    139
    2 589
    902
    639
    399
    639
    792
    320

    1 420
    138
    337
    2 019
    1 246
    634
    622
    872
    928
    287

    Maryland ..........................
    Massachusetts .................
    Michigan ..........................
    Minnesota ........................
    Mississippi .......................
    Missouri ...........................
    Montana ...........................
    Nebraska .........................
    Nevada ............................
    New Hampshire ...............

    1 985
    2 774
    4 275
    2 348
    982
    2 392
    411
    738
    506
    538

    989
    1 319
    1 871
    1 021
    400
    1 054
    155
    217
    189
    209

    707
    805
    1 555
    748
    488
    811
    144
    344
    176
    202

    1 781
    2 557
    3 849
    2 193
    894
    2 158
    407
    677
    464
    499

    966
    1 572
    1 990
    1 120
    394
    1 026
    168
    237
    204
    246

    682
    718
    1 481
    766
    440
    890
    180
    363
    199
    196

    2 020
    2 703
    4 233
    2 439
    994
    2 360
    411
    697
    609
    569

    1 141
    1 616
    2 170
    1 168
    405
    1 111
    137
    232
    280
    266

    814
    879
    1 953
    1 110
    573
    1 190
    240
    434
    302
    274

    New Jersey ......................


    New Mexico .....................
    New York .........................
    North Carolina ..................
    North Dakota ....................
    Ohio .................................
    Oklahoma ........................
    Oregon .............................
    Pennsylvania ...................
    Rhode Island ....................

    3 344
    570
    6 927
    2 612
    308
    4 940
    1 390
    1 463
    4 960
    453

    1 436
    262
    3 444
    1 114
    99
    1 985
    473
    621
    2 239
    213

    1 357
    213
    2 347
    1 135
    136
    1 894
    593
    476
    1 792
    132

    3 076
    556
    6 316
    2 516
    266
    4 534
    1 207
    1 378
    4 506
    390

    1 652
    273
    3 756
    1 108
    107
    2 148
    488
    650
    2 216
    233

    1 103
    233
    1 933
    1 226
    125
    1 860
    582
    538
    1 801
    105

    3 187
    599
    6 822
    2 911
    288
    4 702
    1 234
    1 534
    4 913
    409

    1 789
    287
    4 108
    1 258
    95
    2 184
    474
    720
    2 486
    250

    1 284
    286
    2 403
    1 631
    175
    2 350
    744
    714
    2 281
    131

    South Carolina .................


    South Dakota ...................
    Tennessee .......................
    Texas ...............................
    Utah .................................
    Vermont ...........................
    Virginia .............................
    Washington ......................
    West Virginia ....................
    Wisconsin ........................
    Wyoming ..........................

    1 203
    336
    1 983
    6 154
    744
    290
    2 559
    2 288
    684
    2 531
    201

    480
    125
    934
    2 282
    183
    134
    1 039
    993
    331
    1 041
    68

    578
    137
    841
    2 496
    323
    88
    1 151
    731
    242
    931
    79

    1 152
    324
    1 894
    5 612
    666
    258
    2 417
    2 254
    636
    2 196
    212

    506
    139
    909
    2 460
    222
    138
    1 091
    1 123
    328
    1 072
    78

    573
    151
    864
    2 736
    362
    80
    1 138
    841
    234
    845
    105

    1 383
    316
    2 076
    6 408
    771
    294
    2 739
    2 487
    648
    2 599
    218

    566
    119
    982
    2 434
    203
    149
    1 217
    1 248
    295
    1 243
    60

    786
    191
    1 062
    3 800
    515
    120
    1 437
    1 109
    336
    1 237
    148

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    SECTION 28: POLITICS AND ELECTIONS

    439

    Table 28-3. Voting-Age Population, Percent Reporting Registered, and Voted, 19802000
    (Millions, percent; as of November; covers civilian noninstitutional population 18 years old and over; includes aliens; figures are based on Current
    Population Survey.)
    Voting-age population (millions)
    Characteristic

    Percent reporting they registered


    Presidential election years

    1980

    1990

    1996

    Congressional election years

    Presidential election years

    Congressional election years

    2000
    1980

    Total 1 ............................ 157.1

    Percent reporting they voted

    1992

    1996

    2000

    1986

    1990

    1994

    1998

    1980

    1992

    1996

    2000

    1986

    1990

    1994

    1998

    182.1

    193.7

    202.6

    66.9

    68.2

    65.9

    63.9

    64.3

    62.2

    62.0

    62.1

    59.2

    61.3

    54.2

    54.7

    46.0

    45.0

    44.6

    41.9

    18 to 20 years old ...........


    21 to 24 years old ...........
    25 to 34 years old ...........
    35 to 44 years old ...........
    45 to 64 years old ...........
    65 years old and over .....

    12.3
    15.9
    35.7
    25.6
    43.6
    24.1

    10.8
    14.0
    42.7
    37.9
    46.9
    29.9

    10.8
    13.9
    40.1
    43.3
    53.7
    31.9

    11.9
    14.9
    37.3
    44.5
    61.4
    32.8

    44.7
    52.7
    62.0
    70.6
    75.8
    74.6

    48.3
    55.3
    60.6
    69.2
    75.3
    78.0

    45.6
    51.2
    56.9
    66.5
    73.5
    77.0

    40.5
    49.3
    54.7
    63.8
    71.2
    76.1

    35.4
    46.6
    55.8
    67.9
    74.8
    76.9

    35.4
    43.3
    52.0
    65.5
    71.4
    76.5

    37.2
    45.5
    51.5
    63.3
    71.0
    75.6

    32.1
    35.0
    52.4
    62.4
    71.1
    75.4

    35.7
    43.1
    54.6
    64.4
    69.3
    65.1

    38.5
    45.7
    53.2
    63.6
    70.0
    70.1

    31.2
    33.4
    43.1
    54.9
    64.4
    67.0

    28.4
    35.4
    43.7
    55.0
    64.1
    67.6

    18.6
    24.2
    35.1
    49.3
    58.7
    60.9

    18.4
    22.0
    33.8
    48.4
    55.8
    60.3

    16.5
    22.3
    32.2
    46.0
    56.0
    60.7

    13.5
    19.2
    28.0
    40.7
    53.6
    59.5

    Male ................................
    Female ...........................

    74.1
    83.0

    86.6
    95.5

    92.6
    101.0

    97.1
    105.5

    66.6
    67.1

    66.9
    69.3

    64.4
    67.3

    62.2
    65.6

    63.4
    65.0

    61.2
    63.1

    60.8
    63.2

    60.6
    63.5

    59.1
    59.4

    60.2
    62.3

    52.8
    55.5

    53.1
    56.2

    45.8
    46.1

    44.6
    45.4

    44.4
    44.9

    41.4
    42.4

    White .............................. 137.7


    Black ............................... 16.4

    155.6
    20.4

    162.8
    22.5

    168.7
    24.1

    68.4
    60.0

    70.1
    63.9

    67.7
    63.5

    65.6
    63.6

    65.3
    64.0

    63.8
    58.8

    64.2
    58.3

    63.9
    60.2

    60.9
    50.5

    63.6
    54.0

    56.0
    50.6

    56.4
    53.5

    47.0
    43.2

    46.7
    39.2

    46.9
    37.0

    43.3
    39.6

    Hispanic 2 .......................

    8.2

    13.8

    18.4

    21.6

    36.3

    35.0

    35.7

    34.9

    35.9

    32.3

    30.0

    33.7

    29.9

    28.9

    26.7

    27.5

    24.2

    21.0

    19.1

    20.0

    Region
    Northeast ...................
    Midwest ......................
    South .........................
    West ...........................

    35.5
    41.5
    50.6
    29.5

    38.1
    43.9
    62.4
    37.7

    38.3
    45.2
    68.1
    42.1

    38.9
    46.4
    71.8
    45.5

    64.8
    73.8
    64.8
    63.3

    67.0
    74.6
    67.2
    63.6

    64.7
    71.6
    65.9
    60.8

    63.7
    70.2
    64.5
    56.9

    62.0
    70.7
    63.0
    60.8

    61.0
    68.2
    61.3
    57.7

    60.9
    68.7
    60.7
    58.1

    60.8
    68.2
    62.7
    56.0

    58.5
    65.8
    55.6
    57.2

    61.2
    67.2
    59.0
    58.5

    54.5
    59.3
    52.2
    51.8

    55.2
    60.9
    53.5
    49.9

    44.4
    49.5
    43.0
    48.4

    45.2
    48.6
    42.4
    45.0

    45.2
    48.8
    40.5
    46.4

    41.2
    47.3
    38.6
    42.3

    22.7

    17.7

    14.1

    12.9

    53.0

    43.9

    40.7

    36.1

    50.5

    44.0

    40.1

    40.2

    42.6

    35.1

    28.1

    26.8

    32.7

    27.7

    23.2

    24.6

    22.5
    61.2

    21.0
    71.5

    21.0
    65.2

    20.1
    66.3

    54.6
    66.4

    50.4
    64.9

    47.9
    62.2

    45.9
    60.1

    52.4
    62.9

    47.9
    60.0

    44.7
    58.9

    43.4
    58.6

    45.6
    58.9

    41.2
    57.5

    33.8
    49.1

    33.6
    49.4

    33.8
    44.1

    30.9
    42.2

    27.0
    40.5

    25.0
    37.1

    26.7
    24.0

    36.3
    35.6

    50.9
    42.5

    55.3
    48.0

    74.4
    84.3

    75.4
    84.8

    72.9
    80.4

    70.0
    77.3

    70.0
    77.8

    68.7
    77.3

    68.4
    76.3

    68.3
    75.1

    67.2
    79.9

    68.7
    81.0

    60.5
    73.0

    60.3
    72.0

    49.9
    62.5

    50.0
    62.5

    49.1
    63.1

    46.2
    57.2

    95.0
    6.9
    55.2

    115.5
    6.7
    59.9

    125.6
    6.4
    61.6

    133.4
    4.9
    64.2

    68.7
    50.3
    65.8

    69.9
    53.7
    66.8

    67.0
    52.5
    65.1

    64.7
    46.1
    63.8

    64.4
    50.6
    65.4

    62.6
    44.6
    63.4

    62.9
    46.4
    61.9

    62.6
    48.5
    62.1

    61.8
    41.2
    57.0

    63.8
    46.2
    58.7

    55.2
    37.2
    54.1

    55.5
    35.1
    54.5

    45.7
    31.2
    48.2

    45.1
    27.9
    46.7

    45.2
    28.3
    45.3

    41.2
    28.4
    44.5

    School
    8 years or less ............
    High school:
    1 to 3 years 3 ..........
    4 years 4 .................
    College:
    1 to 3 years 5 ..........
    4 years or more 6 ....
    Employed .......................
    Unemployed ...................
    Not in labor force ............

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes other races not shown separately.
    2Hispanic persons may be of any race.
    3Beginning in 1992, high school graduate.
    4Beginning in 1992, represents those who completed 9th
    5Beginning in 1992, some college or associate degree.
    6Beginning in 1992, bachelors or advanced degree.

    to 12th grade, but have no high school diploma.

    440

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 28-4Series Y 204-210. Political Party Affiliation in Congress and the Presidency, 17892004
    (Figures are for the beginning of the first session of each Congress; letter symbols for political parties: Ad = "Administration;" AM = Anti-Masonic;
    C = Coalition; D = Democratic; DR = Democratic-Republican; F = Federalist; J = Jacksonian; NR = National Republican; Op = "Opposition;"
    R = Republican; U = Unionist; W = Whig.)
    House of Representatives
    Year

    Senate

    Congress

    President
    Majority party

    20032004 1 .............................
    20012002 ...............................
    19992000 ...............................
    19971998 ...............................
    19951996 ...............................
    19931994 ...............................
    19911992 ...............................
    19891990 ...............................
    19871988 ...............................
    19851986 ...............................

    Principal minority party

    Majority party

    Principal minority party

    108
    107
    106
    105
    104
    103
    102
    101
    100
    99

    R-228
    R-221
    R-222
    R-226
    R-230
    D-258
    D-267
    D-259
    D-258
    D-252

    D-205
    D-211
    D-212
    D-207
    D-204
    R-176
    R-167
    R-174
    R-177
    R-182

    R-51
    D-50
    R-55
    R-55
    R-52
    D-57
    D-56
    D-55
    D-55
    R-53

    D-48
    R-50
    D-45
    D-45
    D-48
    R-43
    R-44
    R-45
    R-45
    D-47

    R-George W. Bush
    R-George W. Bush
    D-Clinton
    D-Clinton
    D-Clinton
    D-Clinton
    R-George Bush
    R-George Bush
    R-Reagan
    R-Reagan

    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................

    98
    97
    96
    95
    94
    93
    92
    91
    90
    89

    D-269
    D-243
    D-276
    D-292
    D-291
    D-239
    D-254
    D-245
    D-246
    D-295

    R-165
    R-192
    R-157
    R-143
    R-144
    R-192
    R-180
    R-189
    R-187
    R-140

    R-54
    R-53
    D-58
    D-61
    D-60
    D-56
    D-54
    D-57
    D-64
    D-68

    D-46
    D-46
    R-41
    R-38
    R-37
    R-42
    R-44
    R-43
    R-36
    R-32

    R-Reagan
    R-Reagan
    D-Carter
    D-Carter
    R-Ford
    R-Nixon
    R-Nixon
    R-Nixon
    D-L. Johnson
    D-L. Johnson

    19631964 ...............................

    88

    D-258

    R-177

    D-67

    R-33

    19611962 ...............................
    19591960 2 .............................
    19571958 ...............................
    19551956 ...............................
    19531954 ...............................
    19511952 ...............................
    19491950 ...............................
    19471948 ...............................
    19451946 ...............................

    87
    86
    85
    84
    83
    82
    81
    80
    79

    D-263
    D-283
    D-233
    D-232
    R-221
    D-234
    D-263
    R-245
    D-242

    R-174
    R-153
    R-200
    R-203
    D-211
    R-199
    R-171
    D-188
    R-190

    D-65
    D-64
    D-49
    D-48
    R-48
    D-49
    D-54
    R-51
    D-56

    R-35
    R-34
    R-47
    R-47
    D-47
    R-47
    R-42
    D-45
    R-38

    D-L. Johnson
    D-Kennedy
    D-Kennedy
    R-Eisenhower
    R-Eisenhower
    R-Eisenhower
    R-Eisenhower
    D-Truman
    D-Truman
    D-Truman
    D-Truman

    19431944
    19411942
    19391940
    19371938
    19351936
    19331934
    19311933
    19291931
    19271929
    19251927

    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................

    78
    77
    76
    75
    74
    73
    72
    71
    70
    69

    D-218
    D-268
    D-261
    D-331
    D-319
    D-310
    D-220
    R-267
    R-237
    R-247

    R-208
    R-162
    R-164
    R-89
    R-103
    R-117
    R-214
    D-167
    D-195
    D-183

    D-58
    D-66
    D-69
    D-76
    D-69
    D-60
    R-48
    R-56
    R-49
    R-56

    R-37
    R-28
    R-23
    R-16
    R-25
    R-35
    D-47
    D-39
    D-46
    D-39

    D-F. Roosevelt
    D-F. Roosevelt
    D-F. Roosevelt
    D-F. Roosevelt
    D-F. Roosevelt
    D-F. Roosevelt
    R-Hoover
    R-Hoover
    R-Coolidge
    R-Coolidge

    19231925
    19211923
    19191921
    19171919
    19151917
    19131915
    19111913
    19091911
    19071909
    19051907

    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................

    68
    67
    66
    65
    64
    63
    62
    61
    60
    59

    R-225
    R-301
    R-240
    D-216
    D-230
    D-291
    D-228
    R-219
    R-222
    R-250

    D-205
    D-131
    D-190
    R-210
    R-196
    R-127
    R-161
    D-172
    D-164
    D-136

    R-51
    R-59
    R-49
    D-53
    D-56
    D-51
    R-51
    R-61
    R-61
    R-57

    D-43
    D-37
    D-47
    R-42
    R-40
    R-44
    D-41
    D-32
    D-31
    D-33

    R-Coolidge
    R-Harding
    D-Wilson
    D-Wilson
    D-Wilson
    D-Wilson
    R-Taft
    R-Taft
    R-T. Roosevelt
    R-T. Roosevelt

    19031905 ...............................
    19011903 ...............................

    58
    57

    R-208
    R-197

    D-178
    D-151

    R-57
    R-55

    D-33
    D-31

    18991901
    18971899
    18951897
    18931895
    18911893
    18891891
    18871889
    18851887

    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................

    56
    55
    54
    53
    52
    51
    50
    49

    R-185
    R-204
    R-244
    D-218
    D-235
    R-166
    D-169
    D-183

    D-163
    D-113
    D-105
    R-127
    R-88
    D-159
    R-152
    R-140

    R-53
    R-47
    R-43
    D-44
    R-47
    R-39
    R-39
    R-43

    D-26
    D-34
    D-39
    R-38
    D-39
    D-37
    D-37
    D-34

    R-T. Roosevelt
    R-T. Roosevelt
    R-McKinley
    R-McKinley
    R-McKinley
    D-Cleveland
    D-Cleveland
    R-B. Harrison
    R-B. Harrison
    D-Cleveland
    D-Cleveland

    18831885 ...............................
    18811883 ...............................

    48
    47

    D-197
    R-147

    R-118
    D-135

    R-38
    R-37

    D-36
    D-37

    18791881
    18771879
    18751877
    18731875
    18711873
    18691871
    18671869
    18651867

    46
    45
    44
    43
    42
    41
    40
    39

    D-149
    D-153
    D-169
    R-194
    R-134
    R-149
    R-143
    U-149

    R-130
    R-140
    R-109
    D-92
    D-104
    D-63
    D-49
    D-42

    D-42
    R-39
    R-45
    R-49
    R-52
    R-56
    R-42
    U-42

    R-33
    D-36
    D-29
    D-19
    D-17
    D-11
    D-11
    D-10

    19831984
    19811982
    19791980
    19771978
    19751976
    19731974
    19711972
    19691970
    19671968
    19651966

    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1As of February 2004; one vacancy in the House.
    2Excludes Hawaii; two senators (1-R, 1-D) and one

    representative (D) seated August 1959.

    R-Arthur
    R-Arthur
    R-Garfield
    R-Hayes
    R-Hayes
    R-Grant
    R-Grant
    R-Grant
    R-Grant
    R-A. Johnson
    R-A. Johnson
    R-Lincoln

    SECTION 28: POLITICS AND ELECTIONS

    441

    Table 28-4Series Y 204-210. Political Party Affiliation in Congress and the Presidency, 17892004
    Continued
    (Figures are for the beginning of the first session of each Congress; letter symbols for political parties: Ad = "Administration;" AM = Anti-Masonic;
    C = Coalition; D = Democratic; DR = Democratic-Republican; F = Federalist; J = Jacksonian; NR = National Republican; Op = "Opposition;"
    R = Republican; U = Unionist; W = Whig.)
    House of Representatives
    Year

    President
    Majority party

    18631865
    18611863
    18591861
    18571859
    18551857
    18531855
    18511853
    18491851

    Senate

    Congress
    Principal minority party

    Majority party

    Principal minority party

    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................

    38
    37
    36
    35
    34
    33
    32
    31

    R-102
    R-105
    R-114
    D-118
    R-108
    D-159
    D-140
    D-112

    D-75
    D-43
    D-92
    R-92
    D-83
    W-71
    W-88
    W-109

    R-36
    R-31
    D-36
    D-36
    D-40
    D-38
    D-35
    D-35

    D-9
    D-10
    R-26
    R-20
    R-15
    W-22
    W-24
    W-25

    18471849 ...............................
    18451847 ...............................

    30
    29

    W-115
    D-143

    D-108
    W-77

    D-36
    D-31

    W-21
    W-25

    18431845 ...............................
    18411843 ...............................

    28
    27

    D-142
    W-133

    W-79
    D-102

    W-28
    W-28

    D-25
    D-22

    18391841
    18371839
    18351837
    18331835
    18311833
    18291831
    18271829
    18251827

    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................

    26
    25
    24
    23
    22
    21
    20
    19

    D-124
    D-108
    D-145
    D-147
    D-141
    D-139
    J-119
    Ad-105

    W-118
    W-107
    W-98
    AM-53
    NR-58
    NR-74
    Ad-94
    J-97

    D-28
    D-30
    D-27
    D-20
    D-25
    D-26
    J-28
    Ad-26

    W-22
    W-18
    W-25
    NR-20
    NR-21
    NR-22
    Ad-20
    J-20

    18231825
    18211823
    18191821
    18171819
    18151817
    18131815
    18111813
    18091811
    18071809
    18051807

    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................

    18
    17
    16
    15
    14
    13
    12
    11
    10
    9

    DR-187
    DR-158
    DR-156
    DR-141
    DR-117
    DR-112
    DR-108
    DR-94
    DR-118
    DR-116

    F-26
    F-25
    F-27
    F-42
    F-65
    F-68
    F-36
    F-48
    F-24
    F-25

    DR-44
    DR-44
    DR-35
    DR-34
    DR-25
    DR-27
    DR-30
    DR-28
    DR-28
    DR-27

    F-4
    F-4
    F-7
    F-10
    F-11
    F-9
    F-6
    F-6
    F-6
    F-7

    18031805
    18011803
    17991801
    17971799
    17951797
    17931795
    17911793
    17891791

    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................
    ...............................

    8
    7
    6
    5
    4
    3
    2
    1

    DR-102
    DR-69
    F-64
    F-58
    F-54
    DR-57
    F-37
    Ad-38

    F-39
    F-36
    DR-42
    DR-48
    DR-52
    F-48
    DR-33
    Op-26

    DR-25
    DR-18
    F-19
    F-20
    F-19
    F-17
    F-16
    Ad-17

    F-9
    F-13
    DR-13
    DR-12
    DR-13
    DR-13
    DR-13
    Op-9

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    R-Lincoln
    R-Lincoln
    D-Buchanan
    D-Buchanan
    D-Pierce
    D-Pierce
    W-Fillmore
    W-Fillmore
    W-Taylor
    D-Polk
    D-Polk
    W-Tyler
    W-Tyler
    W-W. H. Harrison
    D-Van Buren
    D-Van Buren
    D-Jackson
    D-Jackson
    D-Jackson
    D-Jackson
    C-J. Q. Adams
    C-J. Q. Adams
    DR-Monroe
    DR-Monroe
    DR-Monroe
    DR-Monroe
    DR-Madison
    DR-Madison
    DR-Madison
    DR-Madison
    DR-Jefferson
    DR-Jefferson
    DR-Jefferson
    DR-Jefferson
    F-John Adams
    F-John Adams
    F-Washington
    F-Washington
    F-Washington
    F-Washington

    442

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 28-5. Political Party Control of State Legislatures, by Party, 19792003


    (As of beginning of year; until 1972 there were two nonpartisan legislatures in Minnesota and Nebraska; since
    then only Nebraska has had a nonpartisan legislature.)
    Legislatures under
    Year
    Democratic control

    Split control or tie

    Republican control

    2003 ............................................................................
    2002 ............................................................................
    2001 ............................................................................

    16
    17
    16

    12
    15
    15

    21
    17
    18

    2000
    1999
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    16
    20
    20
    16
    18
    24
    25
    29

    15
    12
    11
    15
    12
    17
    16
    14

    18
    17
    18
    18
    19
    8
    8
    6

    1990 ............................................................................
    1989 1 .........................................................................
    1987 ............................................................................
    1985 ............................................................................
    1983 2 .........................................................................
    1981 ............................................................................

    29
    28
    28
    27
    34
    28

    11
    13
    12
    11
    4
    6

    9
    8
    9
    11
    11
    15

    1979 ............................................................................

    30

    12

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1A

    party change during the year by a Democratic representative broke the tie in the Indiana House of Representatives, giving the Republicans control of
    both chambers.
    1984 midterm recall elections resulted in a change in control of the Michigan State Senate. At the time of the 1984 election, therefore, Democrats
    controlled 33 legislatures.

    2Two

    Table 28-6. Political Party Financial Activity, by Major Political Party, 19812000
    (Millions of dollars; minus sign (-) indicates refunds for expenditures; covers financial activity during 2-year calendar period indicated; some
    political party financial activities, such as building funds and state and local election spending, are not reported to the source; also excludes
    contributions earmarked to federal candidates through the party organizations, since some of those funds never passed through the committees
    accounts.)
    Democratic
    Year and type of committee
    Receipts, net 1

    Republican

    Disbursements,
    net 1

    Contributions to
    candidates

    Monies spent on
    behalf of partys
    nominees 2

    Receipts, net 1

    Disbursements,
    net 1

    Contributions to
    candidates

    Monies spent on
    behalf of partys
    nominees 2

    19992000, total 3 .................................


    National committee ............................
    Senatorial committee .........................
    Congressional committee ..................
    State and local ...................................

    275.2
    124.0
    40.5
    48.4
    149.3

    265.8
    122.0
    41.5
    49.3
    140.0

    1.4
    0.0
    0.3
    0.6
    0.5

    21.0
    13.5
    0.1
    2.6
    4.7

    465.8
    212.8
    51.5
    97.3
    176.6

    427.0
    187.4
    50.7
    95.4
    165.9

    2.3
    0.4
    0.4
    0.7
    0.8

    29.6
    23.7
    0.0
    3.7
    2.2

    19971998, total ....................................


    19951996, total ....................................
    19931994, total ....................................
    19911992 ............................................
    19891990 ............................................
    19871988 ............................................
    19851986 ............................................
    19831984 ............................................
    19811982 ............................................

    160.0
    221.6
    151.1
    187.5
    85.8
    125.7
    64.8
    98.5
    39.3

    155.3
    214.3
    149.9
    180.5
    90.9
    119.6
    65.9
    97.4
    40.1

    1.2
    2.2
    2.2
    1.9
    1.5
    1.8
    1.7
    2.6
    1.7

    18.6
    22.6
    21.2
    28.1
    8.7
    17.9
    9.0
    9.0
    3.3

    285.0
    416.5
    254.4
    267.3
    206.3
    257.5
    255.2
    297.9
    215.0

    275.9
    408.5
    243.7
    256.1
    213.5
    251.4
    258.9
    300.8
    214.0

    2.6
    3.7
    3.0
    3.0
    2.9
    3.4
    3.4
    4.9
    5.6

    15.7
    31.0
    20.6
    33.9
    10.7
    22.7
    14.3
    20.1
    14.3

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Excludes monies transferred between
    2Monies spent in the general election.
    3Excludes "Other national" activity.

    affiliated committees.

    SECTION 28: POLITICS AND ELECTIONS

    443

    Table 28-7. Political Action Committees (PAC)Number, by Committee Type, 19802002


    (As of December 31.)
    Year

    Total

    Corporate

    Trade/membership/
    health

    Labor

    Nonconnected

    Corporation without
    stock

    Cooperative

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    4 027
    3 907

    1 528
    1 545

    320
    317

    975
    860

    1 055
    1 026

    39
    41

    110
    118

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    3 706
    3 835
    3 798
    3 844
    4 079
    4 016
    3 954
    4 210

    1 523
    1 548
    1 567
    1 597
    1 642
    1 674
    1 660
    1 789

    316
    318
    321
    332
    332
    334
    333
    337

    812
    844
    821
    825
    838
    815
    792
    761

    902
    972
    935
    931
    1 103
    1 020
    980
    1 121

    39
    38
    39
    42
    41
    44
    53
    56

    114
    115
    115
    117
    123
    129
    136
    146

    1990 ......................................................
    1985 ......................................................

    4 172
    3 992

    1 795
    1 710

    346
    388

    774
    695

    1 062
    1 003

    59
    54

    136
    142

    1980 ......................................................

    2 551

    1 206

    297

    576

    374

    42

    56

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    Table 28-8. Contributions to Congressional Campaigns by Political Action Committees (PAC), by Type of
    Committee, 19932002
    (Millions of dollars; covers amounts given to candidates in primary, general, run-off, and special elections during the 2-year calendar period
    indicated.)
    Year and type of committee

    Total 1

    Democrats

    Republicans

    Incumbents

    Open seats 2

    Challengers

    House of Representatives
    20012002, total 3 .................................
    Corporate ..........................................
    Trade association 4 ...........................
    Labor .................................................
    Nonconnected 5 .................................
    19992000 ............................................
    19971998 ............................................
    19951996 ............................................
    19931994 ............................................

    206.9
    68.2
    57.2
    44.4
    32.2
    193.4
    158.7
    155.8
    132.4

    102.6
    23.6
    23.0
    39.9
    14.0
    98.2
    77.6
    77.3
    88.2

    104.2
    44.6
    34.2
    4.3
    18.1
    94.7
    80.9
    77.7
    43.9

    161.0
    59.7
    47.1
    31.5
    18.5
    150.5
    124.0
    113.9
    101.4

    13.8
    1.6
    2.1
    5.2
    4.8
    19.9
    14.9
    21.4
    12.7

    32.1
    6.9
    8.0
    7.7
    8.9
    23.0
    19.8
    20.5
    18.3

    Senate
    20012002, total 3 .................................
    Corporate ..........................................
    Trade association 4 ...........................
    Labor .................................................
    Nonconnected 5 .................................
    19992000 ............................................
    19971998 ............................................
    19951996 ............................................
    19931994 ............................................

    59.2
    23.4
    14.3
    7.5
    12.5
    51.9
    48.1
    45.6
    47.2

    25.4
    7.0
    4.9
    7.0
    5.8
    18.7
    20.7
    16.6
    24.0

    33.8
    16.4
    9.3
    0.5
    6.6
    33.2
    27.3
    29.0
    23.2

    37.0
    15.8
    9.5
    4.1
    6.6
    33.5
    34.3
    19.4
    26.3

    14.2
    4.3
    3.1
    2.4
    4.1
    7.1
    6.6
    6.9
    5.7

    8.1
    3.4
    1.7
    1.1
    1.8
    11.3
    7.2
    19.3
    15.1

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes other parties not shown separately.
    2Elections in which an incumbent did not seek re-election.
    3Includes other types of political action committees not shown separately.
    4Includes membership organizations and health organizations.
    5Represents "ideological" groups as well as other issue groups not necessarily

    ideological in nature.

    444

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 28-9. Congressional Campaign FinancesReceipts and Disbursements, 19952000


    (Millions of dollars, percent; covers all campaign finance activity during 2-year calendar period indicated for primary, general, run-off, and special
    elections, for 19992000 relates to 2,083 House of Representatives candidates and 333 Senate candidates; data have been adjusted to eliminate
    transfers between all committees within a campaign; for further information on legal limits of contributions, see Federal Election Campaign Act of
    1971, as amended.)
    House of Representatives
    Item

    Amount (million dollars)

    Senate

    Percent distribution

    Amount (million dollars)

    Percent distribution

    19951996 19971998 19992000 19951996 19971998 19992000 19951996 19971998 19992000 19951996 19971998 19992000
    Total Receipts 1 ...........................

    505.4

    493.7

    610.4

    100

    100

    100

    285.1

    287.5

    437.0

    100

    100

    100

    Individual contributions .................


    Other committees .........................
    Candidate loans ............................
    Candidate contributions ................

    272.9
    155.0
    42.0
    7.0

    253.2
    158.5
    46.8
    5.3

    315.6
    193.4
    61.9
    6.3

    55
    31
    8
    1

    52
    32
    10
    1

    52
    32
    10
    1

    166.9
    45.6
    40.3
    16.4

    166.5
    48.1
    52.2
    1.3

    252.1
    52.0
    89.0
    18.7

    59
    16
    14
    6

    58
    17
    18
    (Z)

    58
    12
    20
    4

    Democrats ....................................
    Republicans ..................................
    Others ...........................................

    233.1
    266.9
    5.4

    233.4
    255.8
    4.5

    286.7
    317.7
    6.0

    46
    53
    1

    47
    52
    1

    47
    52
    1

    126.5
    157.7
    0.9

    134.1
    153.0
    0.4

    230.4
    203.8
    2.8

    44
    55
    (Z)

    47
    53
    (Z)

    53
    47
    1

    Incumbents ...................................
    Challengers ..................................
    Open seats 2 .................................

    279.8
    119.1
    101.1

    293.6
    92.8
    102.7

    361.8
    127.4
    121.1

    56
    24
    14

    60
    19
    21

    59
    21
    20

    81.8
    79.2
    124.1

    135.5
    113.9
    37.7

    130.6
    99.6
    206.7

    29
    28
    44

    47
    40
    13

    30
    23
    47

    Total Disbursements ..................

    477.8

    452.5

    572.3

    95

    100

    100

    287.4

    287.9

    434.7

    100

    100

    100

    Democrats ....................................
    Republicans ..................................
    Others ...........................................

    221.1
    251.4
    5.3

    211.1
    237.2
    4.2

    266.8
    299.7
    5.7

    44
    50
    1

    47
    52
    1

    47
    52
    1

    127.4
    159.1
    0.9

    134.6
    152.9
    0.4

    226.3
    205.7
    2.7

    44
    55
    (Z)

    47
    53
    (Z)

    52
    47
    1

    Incumbents ...................................
    Challengers ..................................
    Open seats 2 .................................

    258.1
    119.6
    100.2

    257.2
    94.7
    100.6

    327.0
    125.6
    119.7

    51
    24
    20

    57
    21
    22

    57
    22
    21

    85.4
    78.9
    123.1

    137.3
    112.5
    38.1

    130.2
    99.3
    205.1

    30
    27
    43

    48
    39
    13

    30
    23
    47

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes other types of receipts, not shown separately.
    2Elections in which an incumbent did not seek re-election.

    Z = Less than $50,000 or 0.5 percent.

    SECTION

    29

    GOVERNMENT
    FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL

    446

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 29

    GOVERNMENT
    FEDERAL, STATE,
    AND LOCAL
    Highlights
    Congressional Measures Introduced and Percent of
    Measures which Passed, 18232001
    100

    50,000

    40,000

    80

    30,000

    60

    20,000

    40

    10,000

    20

    Percent

    Number

    Measures introduced
    Percent of measures which
    passed

    0
    1823

    1843

    1863

    1883

    1903

    1923

    1943

    1963

    1983

    2001

    Year (by start of session)

    In any given place, an American lives under at least


    five governments: federal, state, county, township, and
    school district. In addition, there are many offshoots,
    such as single-function and multiple-function districts,
    authorities, and commissions and boards with varying
    degrees of autonomy and budgetary powers. When
    William Andersons monograph, The Units of
    Government in the United States, was published in 1934,
    there were 175,418 governments in the country. The
    number declined to 155,116 in 1942 and to 87,576 by
    2002. This decrease was mainly a result of mergers or
    eliminations of school districts, which shrank in number
    from 108,579 in 1942 to 13,506 in 2002. Complete censuses of governments, covering structure, personnel,
    expenditure, revenues, and debt were conducted in

    1932, 1942, and 1957, and at five-year intervals thereafter. Earlier censuses were held decennially, from 1850
    to 1890, and for 1902, 1912, and 1922, but were much
    narrower in scope. These censuses differ not only in
    scope but also in basic concepts and classifications, thus
    affecting their comparability. Statistics on government
    employment and payroll have been published by the
    Bureau of Labor Statistics since 1955; from 1940 to
    1955, they were published by the Bureau of the Census.
    Data for municipalities are for city, borough, village, and
    (except in New England, New York, and Wisconsin)
    town governments. Data for school districts are restricted to independent districts and do not include school
    systems operated by state, city, county, or township governments.

    SECTION 29: GOVERNMENTFEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL

    447

    Under George Washington, the entire executive


    staff consisted of two people. In 1815, the number of
    federal employees rose to 4,837, of whom 535 worked in
    Washington, D.C.

    1985 to 5,205 in 2001. The number of women elected


    officials at the state level grew to 1,682 in 2002, from
    1,375 in 1990.

    3 In 1975, Republicans controlled only five state legislatures and Democrats controlled 37. In 2003, control

    The number of measures enacted by Congress has


    declined since 1972, primarily because many private
    bills are being bundled together as omnibus bills. The
    number of measures enacted in the 20012002 term was
    only 337, compared with 736 in 19791980. On average,
    in 20012002, a representative worked for 1,694 hours
    annually, or 6.4 hours per day, and a senator for 2,279
    hours annually, or 7.1 hours per day.

    was fairly even, with Democrats controlling 16 and


    Republicans 21, with 12 states divided.

    The number of Black elected officials nationwide


    grew from 1,469 in 1970 to 9,061 in 2001, and the number of Hispanic public officials also grew from 3,147 in

    448

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 29-1Series Y 189-198. Congressional Bills, Acts, and Resolutions, 17892002


    (Excludes simple and concurrent resolutions.)
    Measures introduced
    Period of session

    Measures passed

    Congress
    Total

    Bills

    Joint resolutions

    Total

    Total public

    Total private

    Jan. 2001Nov. 2002 ..................................................

    107

    9 130

    8 953

    177

    337

    331

    Jan. 1999Dec. 2000 ..................................................


    Jan. 1997Dec. 1998 ..................................................
    Jan. 1995Oct. 1996 ...................................................
    Jan. 1993Dec. 1994 ..................................................
    Jan. 1991Oct. 1992 ...................................................

    106
    105
    104
    103
    102

    9 158
    7 732
    6 808
    8 544
    6 775

    8 968
    7 532
    6 545
    7 883
    6 212

    190
    200
    263
    661
    563

    604
    404
    337
    473
    609

    580
    394
    333
    465
    589

    24
    10
    4
    8
    20

    Jan. 1989Oct. 1990 ...................................................


    Jan. 1987Oct. 1988 ...................................................
    Jan. 1985Oct. 1986 ...................................................
    Jan. 1983Oct. 1984 ...................................................
    Jan. 1981Dec. 1982 ..................................................

    101
    100
    99
    98
    97

    6 664
    9 588
    9 885
    11 156
    11 490

    5 977
    8 515
    8 697
    10 134
    10 582

    687
    1 073
    1 188
    1 022
    908

    666
    761
    483
    677
    529

    650
    713
    466
    623
    473

    16
    48
    17
    54
    56

    Jan. 1979Dec. 1980 ..................................................


    Jan. 1977Oct. 1978 ...................................................
    Jan. 1975Oct. 1976 ...................................................
    Jan. 1973Dec. 1974 ..................................................
    Jan. 1971Oct. 1972 ...................................................

    96
    95
    94
    93
    92

    12 583
    19 387
    21 096
    23 296
    22 969

    11 722
    18 045
    19 762
    21 950
    21 363

    861
    1 342
    1 334
    1 446
    1 606

    736
    803
    729
    774
    768

    613
    633
    588
    651
    607

    123
    170
    141
    123
    161

    Jan. 1969Jan. 1971 ..................................................


    Jan. 1967Oct. 1968 ...................................................
    Jan. 1965Oct. 1966 ...................................................
    Jan. 1963Oct. 1964 ...................................................
    Jan. 1961Oct. 1962 ...................................................

    91
    90
    89
    88
    87

    26 303
    26 460
    24 003
    17 480
    18 376

    24 631
    24 786
    22 483
    16 079
    17 230

    1 672
    1 674
    1 520
    1 401
    1 146

    941
    1 002
    1 283
    1 026
    1 569

    695
    640
    810
    666
    885

    246
    362
    473
    360
    684

    Jan. 1959Sept. 1960 .................................................


    Jan. 1957Aug. 1958 ..................................................
    Jan. 1955July 1956 ...................................................
    Jan. 1953Dec. 1954 ..................................................
    Jan. 1951July 1952 ...................................................
    Jan. 1949Jan. 1951 ..................................................

    86
    85
    84
    83
    82
    81

    18 261
    19 112
    17 687
    14 952
    12 730
    14 988

    17 230
    18 205
    16 782
    14 181
    12 062
    14 219

    1 031
    907
    905
    771
    668
    769

    1 292
    1 720
    1 921
    1 783
    1 617
    2 024

    800
    936
    1 028
    781
    594
    921

    492
    784
    893
    1 002
    1 023
    1 103

    Jan. 1947Dec. 1948


    Jan. 1945Aug. 1946
    Jan. 1943Dec. 1944
    Jan. 1941Dec. 1942
    Jan. 1939Jan. 1941

    ..................................................
    ..................................................
    ..................................................
    ..................................................
    ..................................................

    80
    79
    78
    77
    76

    10 797
    10 330
    8 334
    11 334
    16 105

    10 108
    9 748
    7 845
    10 793
    15 174

    689
    582
    489
    541
    931

    1 363
    1 625
    1 157
    1 485
    1 662

    906
    733
    568
    850
    1 005

    457
    892
    589
    635
    657

    Jan. 1937June 1938 .................................................


    Jan. 1935June 1936 .................................................
    March 1933June 1934 ..............................................
    Dec. 1931March 1933 ...............................................
    April 1929March 1931 ...............................................

    75
    74
    73
    72
    71

    16 156
    18 754
    14 370
    21 382
    24 453

    15 120
    17 819
    13 774
    20 501
    23 652

    1 036
    935
    596
    881
    801

    1 759
    1 724
    975
    843
    1 522

    919
    987
    539
    516
    1 009

    840
    737
    436
    327
    513

    Dec. 1927March 1929 ...............................................


    Dec. 1925March 1927 ...............................................
    Dec. 1923March 1925 ...............................................
    April 1921March 1923 ...............................................
    May 1919March 1921 ...............................................

    70
    69
    68
    67
    66

    23 897
    23 799
    17 462
    19 889
    21 967

    23 238
    23 250
    16 884
    19 133
    21 222

    659
    549
    578
    756
    745

    1 722
    1 423
    996
    930
    594

    1 145
    879
    707
    654
    470

    577
    544
    289
    276
    124

    May 1917Dec. 1919 ..................................................


    Dec. 1915March 1917 ...............................................
    March 1913March 1915 ............................................
    April 1911March 1913 ...............................................
    March 1909March 1911 ............................................

    65
    64
    63
    62
    61

    22 594
    30 052
    30 053
    38 032
    44 363

    21 919
    29 438
    29 367
    37 459
    43 921

    675
    614
    686
    573
    442

    453
    684
    700
    716
    884

    405
    458
    417
    530
    595

    48
    226
    283
    186
    289

    Dec. 1907March 1909 ...............................................


    March 1905March 1907 ............................................
    March 1903March 1905 ............................................
    March 1901March 1903 ............................................
    Dec. 1899March 1901 ...............................................

    60
    59
    58
    57
    56

    38 388
    34 879
    26 851
    25 460
    20 893

    37 981
    34 524
    26 504
    25 007
    20 409

    407
    355
    347
    453
    484

    646
    7 024
    4 041
    2 790
    1 942

    411
    775
    575
    480
    443

    235
    6 249
    3 466
    2 310
    1 499

    March 1897March 1899 ............................................


    Dec. 1895March 1897 ...............................................
    March 1893March 1895 ............................................
    Dec. 1891March 1893 ...............................................
    March 1889March 1891 ............................................

    55
    54
    53
    52
    51

    18 463
    14 585
    12 226
    14 893
    19 630

    17 817
    14 114
    11 796
    14 518
    19 163

    646
    471
    430
    375
    467

    1 437
    948
    711
    722
    2 251

    552
    434
    463
    398
    611

    885
    514
    248
    324
    1 640

    Dec. 1887March 1889 ...............................................


    March 1885March 1887 ............................................
    Dec. 1883March 1885 ...............................................
    March 1881March 1883 ............................................
    March 1879March 1881 ............................................

    50
    49
    48
    47
    46

    17 078
    15 002
    11 443
    10 704
    10 067

    16 664
    14 618
    10 961
    10 194
    9 481

    414
    384
    482
    510
    586

    1 824
    1 452
    969
    761
    650

    570
    424
    284
    419
    372

    1 254
    1 028
    685
    342
    278

    March 1877March 1879


    March 1875March 1877
    March 1873March 1875
    March 1871March 1873
    March 1869March 1871

    ............................................
    ............................................
    ............................................
    ............................................
    ............................................

    45
    44
    43
    42
    41

    8 735
    6 230
    6 434
    5 943
    5 314

    8 413
    6 001
    6 252
    5 725
    4 466

    322
    229
    182
    218
    848

    746
    580
    859
    1 012
    769

    303
    278
    415
    531
    470

    443
    302
    444
    481
    299

    April 1867March 1869 ...............................................


    March 1865March 1867 ............................................
    March 1863March 1865 ............................................
    March 1861March 1863 ............................................
    March 1859March 1861 ............................................

    40
    39
    38
    37
    36

    3 723
    2 348
    1 708
    1 661
    1 746

    3 003
    1 864
    1 402
    1 370
    1 595

    720
    484
    306
    291
    151

    765
    714
    515
    521
    370

    354
    427
    411
    428
    157

    411
    287
    104
    93
    213

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.

    SECTION 29: GOVERNMENTFEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL

    449

    Table 29-1Series Y 189-198. Congressional Bills, Acts, and Resolutions, 17892002Continued


    (Excludes simple and concurrent resolutions.)
    Measures introduced
    Period of session

    Measures passed

    Congress
    Total

    Bills

    Joint resolutions

    Total

    Total public

    Total private

    March 1857March 1859 ............................................


    Dec. 1855March 1857 ...............................................
    March 1853March 1855 ............................................
    March 1851March 1853 ............................................
    March 1849March 1851 ............................................

    35
    34
    33
    32
    31

    1 686
    1 608
    1 660
    1 167
    1 080

    1 544
    1 515
    1 552
    1 011
    978

    142
    93
    108
    156
    102

    312
    433
    540
    306
    167

    129
    157
    188
    137
    109

    183
    276
    352
    169
    58

    Dec. 1847March 1849 ...............................................


    March 1845March 1847 ............................................
    Dec. 1843March 1845 ...............................................
    March 1841March 1843 ............................................
    Dec. 1839March 1841 ...............................................

    30
    29
    28
    27
    26

    1 433
    1 051
    1 085
    1 210
    1 122

    1 305
    956
    979
    1 146
    1 081

    128
    95
    106
    64
    41

    446
    303
    279
    524
    147

    176
    142
    142
    201
    55

    270
    161
    137
    323
    92

    March 1837March 1839 ............................................


    Dec. 1835March 1837 ...............................................
    Dec. 1833March 1835 ...............................................
    Dec. 1831March 1833 ...............................................
    March 1829March 1831 ............................................

    25
    24
    23
    22
    21

    1 631
    1 107
    993
    1 000
    856

    1 566
    1 055
    946
    976
    842

    65
    52
    47
    24
    14

    532
    459
    390
    462
    369

    150
    144
    128
    191
    152

    382
    315
    262
    271
    217

    Dec. 1827March 1829 ...............................................


    March 1825March 1827 ............................................
    Dec. 1823March 1825 ...............................................
    Dec. 1821March 1823 ...............................................
    Dec. 1819March 1821 ...............................................

    20
    19
    18
    17
    16

    632
    622
    498
    ...
    ...

    612
    609
    481
    492
    480

    20
    13
    17
    ...
    ...

    235
    266
    335
    238
    208

    134
    153
    141
    136
    117

    101
    113
    194
    102
    91

    March 1817March 1819 ............................................


    Dec. 1815March 1817 ...............................................
    March 1813March 1815 ............................................
    March 1811March 1813 ............................................
    March 1809March 1811 ............................................

    15
    14
    13
    12
    11

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    507
    465
    400
    406
    348

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    257
    298
    273
    209
    119

    156
    173
    185
    170
    94

    101
    125
    88
    39
    25

    Oct. 1807March 1809 ...............................................


    March 1805March 1807 ............................................
    Oct. 1803March 1805 ...............................................
    March 1801March 1803 ............................................
    Dec. 1799March 1801 ...............................................

    10
    9
    8
    7
    6

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    266
    219
    217
    161
    157

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    105
    106
    111
    95
    112

    88
    90
    93
    80
    100

    17
    16
    18
    15
    12

    March 1797March 1799 ............................................


    June 1795March 1797 ..............................................
    March 1793March 1795 ............................................
    March 1791March 1793 ............................................
    March 1789March 1791 ............................................

    5
    4
    3
    2
    1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    234
    132
    122
    105
    144

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    155
    85
    127
    77
    118

    137
    75
    103
    65
    108

    18
    10
    24
    12
    10

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    . . . = Not available.

    450

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 29-2Series Y 199-203. Congressional Bills Vetoed, 17892002


    Vetoed bills
    Period and president

    Vetoes sustained
    Total

    Regular

    Bills passed over veto

    Pocket

    20012002
    19932001
    19891992
    19811989
    19771981
    19741977
    19691970
    19631969
    19611963
    19531961

    (George W. Bush) 1 ................................


    (Clinton) ..................................................
    (George Bush) ........................................
    (Reagan) .................................................
    (Carter) ....................................................
    (Ford) ......................................................
    (Nixon) ....................................................
    (L. Johnson) ............................................
    (Kennedy) ...............................................
    (Eisenhower) ...........................................

    0
    38
    44
    78
    31
    72
    11
    30
    21
    181

    0
    37
    29
    39
    13
    53
    7
    16
    12
    73

    0
    1
    15
    39
    18
    19
    4
    14
    9
    108

    0
    36
    43
    69
    29
    60
    9
    30
    21
    179

    0
    2
    1
    9
    2
    12
    2
    0
    0
    2

    19451953
    19331945
    19291933
    19231929
    19211923
    19131921
    19091913
    19011909
    18971901
    18931897

    (Truman) .................................................
    (F. Roosevelt) .........................................
    (Hoover) ..................................................
    (Coolidge) ...............................................
    (Harding) .................................................
    (Wilson) ...................................................
    (Taft) .......................................................
    (T. Roosevelt) .........................................
    (McKinley) ...............................................
    (Cleveland) ..............................................

    250
    635
    37
    50
    6
    44
    39
    82
    42
    170

    180
    372
    21
    20
    5
    33
    30
    42
    6
    42

    70
    263
    16
    30
    1
    11
    9
    40
    36
    128

    238
    626
    34
    46
    6
    38
    38
    81
    42
    165

    12
    9
    3
    4
    0
    6
    1
    1
    0
    5

    18891893 (B. Harrison) ............................................


    18851889 (Cleveland) ..............................................
    18811885 (Arthur) ....................................................
    1881 (Garfield) ...........................................................
    18771881 (Hayes) ...................................................
    18691877 (Grant) .....................................................
    18681869 (A. Johnson) ............................................
    18611865 (Lincoln) ..................................................
    18571861 (Buchanan) .............................................
    18531857 (Pierce) ...................................................

    44
    414
    12
    0
    13
    93
    29
    6
    7
    9

    19
    304
    4
    0
    12
    45
    21
    2
    4
    9

    25
    110
    8
    0
    1
    48
    8
    4
    3
    0

    43
    412
    11
    0
    12
    89
    14
    6
    7
    4

    1
    2
    1
    0
    1
    4
    15
    0
    0
    5

    18501853 (Filmore) ..................................................


    18491850 (Taylor) ....................................................
    18451849 (Polk) .......................................................
    18411845 (Tyler) ......................................................
    1841 (W. H. Harrison) ................................................
    18371841 (Van Buren) .............................................
    18291837 (Jackson) ................................................
    18251829 (John Q. Adams) .....................................
    18171825 (Monroe) .................................................
    18091817 (Madison) ................................................

    0
    0
    3
    10
    0
    1
    12
    0
    1
    7

    0
    0
    2
    6
    0
    0
    5
    0
    1
    5

    0
    0
    1
    4
    0
    1
    7
    0
    0
    2

    0
    0
    3
    9
    0
    1
    12
    0
    1
    7

    0
    0
    0
    1
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    18011809 (Jefferson) ...............................................


    17971801 (John Adams) ..........................................
    17891797 (Washington) ...........................................

    0
    0
    2

    0
    0
    2

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    2

    0
    0
    0

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Through

    December 31, 2002.

    SECTION 29: GOVERNMENTFEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL

    451

    Table 29-3. Apportionment of Membership in House of Representatives, by State, 17902000


    (Total membership includes Representatives assigned to newly admitted states after the apportionment acts; population figures used for
    apportionment purposes are those determined for states by each decennial census; no reapportionment based on 1920 population census; for
    method of calculating apportionment and a short history of apportionment, see House Report 91-1314, 91st Congress, 2nd session, the decennial
    population census, and Congressional Apportionment.)
    Membership based on census of
    State

    United States .............

    1790

    1800

    1810

    1820

    1830

    1840

    1850

    1860

    1870

    1880

    1890

    1900

    1910

    1930

    1940

    1950

    1960

    1970

    1980

    1990

    2000

    106

    142

    186

    213

    242

    232

    237

    243

    293

    332

    357

    391

    435

    435

    435

    437

    435

    435

    435

    435

    435

    8
    X
    X
    5
    6
    1
    4
    1
    2
    10

    9
    X
    X
    6
    7
    2
    4
    1
    2
    11

    9
    X
    X
    7
    8
    3
    5
    1
    3
    11

    10
    X
    21
    7
    11
    4
    5
    1
    4
    12

    9
    X
    1
    7
    20
    4
    6
    1
    5
    10

    9
    X
    2
    7
    23
    4
    6
    1
    6
    10

    8
    1
    3
    4
    38
    4
    6
    1
    12
    10

    7
    1
    4
    4
    43
    5
    6
    1
    15
    10

    7
    1
    5
    4
    45
    6
    6
    1
    19
    10

    7
    1
    6
    4
    52
    6
    6
    1
    23
    11

    7
    1
    8
    4
    53
    7
    5
    1
    25
    13

    X
    1
    25
    13
    11
    8
    11
    7
    4
    6

    X
    2
    27
    13
    11
    8
    11
    8
    4
    6

    X
    2
    27
    12
    9
    7
    9
    8
    3
    6

    X
    2
    26
    11
    8
    6
    9
    8
    3
    6

    2
    25
    11
    8
    6
    8
    8
    3
    7

    2
    2
    24
    11
    7
    5
    7
    8
    2
    8

    2
    2
    24
    11
    6
    5
    7
    8
    2
    8

    2
    2
    22
    10
    6
    5
    7
    8
    2
    8

    2
    2
    20
    10
    5
    4
    6
    7
    2
    8

    2
    2
    19
    9
    5
    4
    6
    7
    2
    8

    Alabama .....................
    Alaska ........................
    Arizona .......................
    Arkansas ....................
    California ....................
    Colorado ....................
    Connecticut ................
    Delaware ....................
    Florida ........................
    Georgia ......................

    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    7
    1
    X
    2

    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    7
    1
    X
    4

    11

    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    7
    2
    X
    6

    3
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    6
    1
    X
    7

    5
    X
    X
    11
    X
    X
    6
    1
    X
    9

    7
    X
    X
    1
    12
    X
    4
    1
    11
    8

    7
    X
    X
    2
    2
    X
    4
    1
    1
    8

    6
    X
    X
    3
    3
    X
    4
    1
    1
    7

    8
    X
    X
    4
    4
    11
    4
    1
    2
    9

    Hawaii ........................
    Idaho ..........................
    Illinois .........................
    Indiana .......................
    Iowa ...........................
    Kansas .......................
    Kentucky ....................
    Louisiana ....................
    Maine .........................
    Maryland ....................

    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    2
    X
    X
    8

    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    6
    X
    X
    9

    X
    X
    11
    11
    X
    X
    10
    11
    X
    9

    X
    X
    1
    3
    X
    X
    12
    3
    7
    9

    X
    X
    3
    7
    X
    X
    13
    3
    8
    8

    X
    X
    7
    10
    12
    X
    10
    4
    7
    6

    X
    X
    9
    11
    2
    X
    10
    4
    6
    6

    X
    X
    14
    11
    6
    1
    9
    5
    5
    5

    X
    X
    19
    13
    9
    3
    10
    6
    5
    6

    20
    13
    11
    7
    11
    6
    4
    6

    X
    1
    22
    13
    11
    8
    11
    6
    4
    6

    Massachusetts ...........
    Michigan .....................
    Minnesota ..................
    Mississippi ..................
    Missouri ......................
    Montana .....................
    Nebraska ....................
    Nevada .......................
    New Hampshire .........
    New Jersey ................

    14
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    4
    5

    17
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    5
    6

    20
    X
    X
    11
    X
    X
    X
    X
    6
    6

    13
    X
    X
    1
    1
    X
    X
    X
    6
    6

    12
    11
    X
    2
    2
    X
    X
    X
    5
    6

    10
    3
    X
    4
    5
    X
    X
    X
    4
    5

    11
    4
    12
    5
    7
    X
    X
    X
    3
    5

    10
    6
    2
    5
    9
    X
    11
    11
    3
    5

    11
    9
    3
    6
    13
    X
    1
    1
    3
    7

    12
    11
    5
    7
    14
    11
    3
    1
    2
    7

    13
    12
    7
    7
    15
    1
    6
    1
    2
    8

    14
    12
    9
    8
    16
    1
    6
    1
    2
    10

    16
    13
    10
    8
    16
    2
    6
    1
    2
    12

    15
    17
    9
    7
    13
    2
    5
    1
    2
    14

    14
    17
    9
    7
    13
    2
    4
    1
    2
    14

    14
    18
    9
    6
    11
    2
    4
    1
    2
    14

    12
    19
    8
    5
    10
    2
    3
    1
    2
    15

    12
    19
    8
    5
    10
    2
    3
    1
    2
    15

    11
    18
    8
    5
    9
    2
    3
    2
    2
    14

    10
    16
    8
    5
    9
    1
    3
    2
    2
    13

    10
    15
    8
    4
    9
    1
    3
    3
    2
    13

    New Mexico ...............


    New York ...................
    North Carolina ............
    North Dakota ..............
    Ohio ...........................
    Oklahoma ...................
    Oregon .......................
    Pennsylvania ..............
    Rhode Island ..............
    South Carolina ...........

    X
    10
    10
    X
    X
    X
    X
    13
    2
    6

    X
    17
    12
    X
    11
    X
    X
    18
    2
    8

    X
    27
    13
    X
    6
    X
    X
    23
    2
    9

    X
    34
    13
    X
    14
    X
    X
    26
    2
    9

    X
    40
    13
    X
    19
    X
    X
    28
    2
    9

    X
    34
    9
    X
    21
    X
    X
    24
    2
    7

    X
    33
    8
    X
    21
    X
    11
    25
    2
    6

    X
    31
    7
    X
    19
    X
    1
    24
    2
    4

    X
    33
    8
    X
    20
    X
    1
    27
    2
    5

    X
    34
    9
    11
    21
    X
    1
    28
    2
    7

    X
    34
    9
    1
    21
    X
    2
    30
    2
    7

    X
    37
    10
    2
    21
    15
    2
    32
    2
    7

    21
    43
    10
    3
    22
    8
    3
    36
    3
    7

    1
    45
    11
    2
    24
    9
    3
    34
    2
    6

    2
    45
    12
    2
    23
    8
    4
    33
    2
    6

    2
    43
    12
    2
    23
    6
    4
    30
    2
    6

    2
    41
    11
    2
    24
    6
    4
    27
    2
    6

    2
    39
    11
    1
    23
    6
    4
    25
    2
    6

    3
    34
    11
    1
    21
    6
    5
    23
    2
    6

    3
    31
    12
    1
    19
    6
    5
    21
    2
    6

    3
    29
    13
    1
    18
    5
    5
    19
    2
    6

    X
    3
    X
    X
    4
    22
    X
    X
    X
    X

    X
    6
    X
    X
    6
    23
    X
    X
    X
    X

    X
    9
    X
    X
    5
    22
    X
    X
    X
    X

    X
    13
    X
    X
    5
    21
    X
    X
    X
    X

    X
    11
    12
    X
    4
    15
    X
    X
    12
    X

    X
    10
    2
    X
    3
    13
    X
    X
    3
    X

    X
    8
    4
    X
    3
    11
    X
    X
    6
    X

    X
    10
    6
    X
    3
    9
    X
    3
    8
    X

    12
    10
    1
    X
    2
    10
    11
    4
    9
    11

    2
    10
    13
    11
    2
    10
    2
    4
    10
    1

    2
    10
    16
    1
    2
    10
    3
    5
    11
    1

    3
    10
    18
    2
    2
    10
    5
    6
    11
    1

    2
    9
    21
    2
    1
    9
    6
    6
    10
    1

    2
    10
    21
    2
    1
    9
    6
    6
    10
    1

    2
    9
    22
    2
    1
    10
    7
    6
    10
    1

    2
    9
    23
    2
    1
    10
    7
    5
    10
    1

    2
    8
    24
    2
    1
    10
    7
    4
    9
    1

    1
    9
    27
    3
    1
    10
    8
    4
    9
    1

    1
    9
    30
    3
    1
    11
    9
    3
    9
    1

    1
    9
    32
    3
    1
    11
    9
    3
    8
    1

    South Dakota .............


    Tennessee .................
    Texas .........................
    Utah ...........................
    Vermont .....................
    Virginia .......................
    Washington ................
    West Virginia ..............
    Wisconsin ...................
    Wyoming ....................

    11

    X
    X
    2
    19
    X
    X
    X
    X

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Assigned after apportionment.
    2Included in apportionment in anticipation

    X = Not applicable.

    of statehood.

    11

    11

    2
    6
    30
    4
    6
    1
    8
    10
    11

    452

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 29-4. Composition of Congress by Political Party Affiliation, by State, 19972003


    (Figures are for the beginning of the first session [as of January 3], except as noted; Dem.= Democratic; Rep.= Republican.)
    Representatives
    State

    105th Congress 1,2


    1997
    Dem.

    Rep.

    106th Congress 1
    1999
    Dem.

    Rep.

    Senators

    107th Congress 1,3,4


    2001
    Dem.

    Rep.

    108th Congress 1
    2003
    Dem.

    Rep.

    105th Congress
    1997

    106th Congress
    1999

    Dem.

    Dem.

    Rep.

    107th Congress 5,6


    2001

    Rep.

    Dem.

    Rep.

    108th Congress 6
    2003
    Dem.

    Rep.

    United States ..........

    207

    226

    212

    222

    211

    221

    205

    229

    45

    55

    45

    55

    50

    50

    48

    51

    Alabama ..................
    Alaska .....................
    Arizona ....................
    Arkansas .................
    California .................
    Colorado .................
    Connecticut .............
    Delaware .................
    Florida .....................
    Georgia ...................

    2
    0
    1
    2
    29
    2
    4
    0
    8
    3

    5
    1
    5
    2
    23
    4
    2
    1
    15
    8

    2
    0
    1
    2
    28
    2
    4
    0
    8
    3

    5
    1
    5
    2
    24
    4
    2
    1
    15
    8

    2
    0
    1
    3
    31
    2
    3
    0
    8
    3

    5
    1
    5
    1
    20
    4
    3
    1
    15
    8

    2
    0
    2
    3
    33
    2
    2
    0
    7
    5

    5
    1
    6
    1
    20
    5
    3
    1
    18
    8

    0
    0
    0
    1
    2
    0
    2
    1
    1
    1

    2
    2
    2
    1
    0
    2
    0
    1
    1
    1

    0
    0
    0
    1
    2
    0
    2
    1
    1
    1

    2
    2
    2
    1
    0
    2
    0
    1
    1
    1

    0
    0
    0
    1
    2
    0
    2
    2
    2
    2

    2
    2
    2
    1
    0
    2
    0
    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0
    2
    2
    0
    2
    2
    2
    1

    2
    2
    2
    0
    0
    2
    0
    0
    0
    1

    Hawaii .....................
    Idaho .......................
    Illinois ......................
    Indiana ....................
    Iowa ........................
    Kansas ....................
    Kentucky .................
    Louisiana .................
    Maine ......................
    Maryland .................

    2
    0
    10
    4
    1
    0
    1
    2
    2
    4

    0
    2
    10
    6
    4
    4
    5
    5
    0
    4

    2
    0
    10
    4
    1
    1
    1
    2
    2
    4

    0
    2
    10
    6
    4
    3
    5
    5
    0
    4

    2
    0
    10
    4
    1
    1
    1
    2
    2
    4

    0
    2
    10
    6
    4
    3
    5
    5
    0
    4

    2
    0
    9
    3
    1
    1
    1
    3
    2
    6

    0
    2
    10
    6
    4
    3
    5
    4
    0
    2

    2
    0
    2
    0
    1
    0
    1
    2
    0
    2

    0
    2
    0
    2
    1
    2
    1
    0
    2
    0

    2
    0
    1
    1
    1
    0
    0
    2
    0
    2

    0
    2
    1
    1
    1
    2
    2
    0
    2
    0

    2
    0
    1
    1
    1
    0
    0
    2
    0
    2

    0
    2
    1
    1
    1
    2
    2
    0
    2
    0

    2
    0
    1
    1
    1
    0
    0
    2
    0
    2

    0
    2
    1
    1
    1
    2
    2
    0
    2
    0

    Massachusetts ........
    Michigan ..................
    Minnesota ...............
    Mississippi ...............
    Missouri ...................
    Montana ..................
    Nebraska .................
    Nevada ....................
    New Hampshire ......
    New Jersey .............

    10
    10
    6
    2
    5
    0
    0
    0
    0
    6

    0
    6
    2
    3
    3
    1
    3
    2
    2
    7

    10
    10
    6
    3
    5
    0
    0
    1
    0
    7

    0
    6
    2
    2
    4
    1
    3
    1
    2
    6

    10
    9
    5
    3
    4
    0
    0
    1
    0
    7

    0
    7
    3
    2
    5
    1
    3
    1
    2
    6

    10
    6
    4
    2
    4
    0
    0
    1
    0
    7

    0
    9
    4
    2
    5
    1
    3
    2
    2
    6

    2
    1
    1
    0
    0
    1
    1
    2
    0
    2

    0
    1
    1
    2
    2
    1
    1
    0
    2
    0

    2
    1
    1
    0
    0
    1
    1
    2
    0
    2

    0
    1
    1
    2
    2
    1
    1
    0
    2
    0

    2
    2
    2
    0
    1
    1
    1
    1
    0
    2

    0
    0
    0
    2
    1
    1
    1
    1
    2
    0

    2
    2
    1
    0
    0
    1
    1
    1
    0
    2

    0
    0
    1
    2
    2
    1
    1
    1
    2
    0

    New Mexico ............


    New York ................
    North Carolina .........
    North Dakota ...........
    Ohio ........................
    Oklahoma ................
    Oregon ....................
    Pennsylvania ...........
    Rhode Island ...........
    South Carolina ........

    1
    18
    6
    1
    8
    0
    4
    11
    2
    2

    2
    13
    6
    0
    11
    6
    1
    10
    0
    4

    1
    19
    5
    1
    8
    0
    4
    11
    2
    2

    2
    12
    7
    0
    11
    6
    1
    10
    0
    4

    1
    19
    5
    1
    8
    1
    4
    10
    2
    2

    2
    12
    7
    0
    11
    5
    1
    11
    0
    4

    1
    19
    6
    1
    6
    1
    4
    7
    2
    2

    2
    10
    7
    0
    12
    4
    1
    12
    0
    4

    1
    1
    0
    2
    1
    0
    1
    0
    1
    1

    1
    1
    2
    0
    1
    2
    1
    2
    1
    1

    1
    2
    1
    2
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1
    1

    1
    0
    1
    0
    2
    2
    1
    2
    1
    1

    1
    2
    1
    2
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1
    1

    1
    0
    1
    0
    2
    2
    1
    2
    1
    1

    1
    2
    1
    2
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1
    1

    1
    0
    1
    0
    2
    2
    1
    2
    1
    1

    South Dakota ..........


    Tennessee ..............
    Texas ......................
    Utah ........................
    Vermont ..................
    Virginia ....................
    Washington .............
    West Virginia ...........
    Wisconsin ................
    Wyoming .................

    0
    4
    17
    0
    0
    6
    3
    3
    5
    0

    1
    5
    13
    3
    0
    5
    6
    0
    4
    1

    0
    4
    17
    0
    0
    6
    5
    3
    5
    0

    1
    5
    13
    3
    0
    5
    4
    0
    4
    1

    0
    4
    17
    1
    0
    4
    6
    2
    5
    0

    1
    5
    13
    2
    0
    6
    3
    1
    4
    1

    0
    5
    17
    1
    0
    3
    6
    2
    4
    0

    1
    4
    15
    2
    0
    8
    3
    1
    4
    1

    2
    0
    0
    0
    1
    1
    1
    2
    2
    0

    0
    2
    2
    2
    1
    1
    1
    0
    0
    2

    2
    0
    0
    0
    1
    1
    1
    2
    2
    0

    0
    2
    2
    2
    1
    1
    1
    0
    0
    2

    2
    0
    0
    0
    1
    0
    2
    2
    2
    0

    0
    2
    2
    2
    1
    2
    0
    0
    0
    2

    2
    0
    0
    0
    1
    0
    2
    2
    2
    0

    0
    2
    2
    2
    0
    2
    0
    0
    0
    2

    Source: U. S. Congress, Joint Committee on Printing, Congressional Directory, biennial; and unpublished data.
    1Vermont had one Independent Representative.
    2Missouri had one Independent.
    3As of beginning of second session.
    4Virginia had one Independent Representative.
    5California had one vacancy.
    6Vermont had one Independent Senator.

    SECTION 29: GOVERNMENTFEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL

    453

    Table 29-5. Members of CongressSelected Characteristics, 19812001


    (As of beginning of first session of each Congress [January 3], figures for Representatives exclude vacancies.)

    Members of congress and year

    Male

    Female

    Black 3

    Age (in years) 1


    Asian
    and
    Hispanic
    Pacific
    Under 40 40 to 49 50 to 59 60 to 69
    Islanders

    Seniority 2
    70 and
    over

    Less
    than 2
    years

    2 to 9
    years

    10 to 19
    years

    20 to 29 30 years
    years
    or more

    Representatives
    107th Congress, 2001 ..................
    106th Congress, 1999 ..................
    104th Congress, 1995 ..................
    103rd Congress, 1993 4 ................
    102nd Congress, 1991 .................
    101st Congress, 1989 ..................
    100th Congress, 1987 ..................
    99th Congress, 1985 ....................
    98th Congress, 1983 ....................
    97th Congress, 1981 ....................

    381
    379
    388
    388
    407
    408
    412
    412
    413
    416

    62
    56
    47
    47
    28
    25
    23
    22
    21
    19

    39
    39
    40
    38
    26
    24
    23
    21
    21
    17

    ...
    ...
    4
    4
    3
    5
    4
    3
    3
    3

    19
    19
    17
    17
    11
    10
    11
    10
    8
    6

    14
    23
    53
    47
    39
    41
    63
    71
    86
    94

    97
    116
    155
    151
    152
    163
    153
    154
    145
    142

    167
    173
    135
    128
    134
    133
    137
    131
    132
    132

    117
    87
    79
    89
    86
    74
    56
    59
    57
    54

    35
    35
    13
    15
    24
    22
    26
    19
    14
    13

    44
    41
    92
    118
    55
    39
    51
    49
    83
    77

    155
    236
    188
    141
    178
    207
    221
    237
    224
    231

    158
    104
    110
    132
    147
    139
    114
    104
    88
    96

    63
    46
    36
    32
    44
    35
    37
    34
    28
    23

    14
    7
    9
    12
    11
    13
    12
    10
    11
    8

    Senators
    107th Congress, 2001 ..................
    106th Congress, 1999 ..................
    104th Congress, 1995 ..................
    103rd Congress, 1993 4 ................
    102nd Congress, 1991 .................
    101st Congress, 1989 ..................
    100th Congress, 1987 ..................
    99th Congress, 1985 ....................
    98th Congress, 1983 ....................
    97th Congress, 1981 ....................

    87
    91
    92
    93
    98
    98
    98
    98
    98
    98

    13
    9
    8
    7
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2

    0
    0
    1
    1
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    ...
    ...
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    3

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    1
    1
    0
    0
    5
    4
    7
    9

    8
    14
    14
    16
    23
    30
    30
    27
    28
    35

    39
    38
    41
    48
    46
    40
    36
    38
    39
    36

    33
    35
    27
    22
    24
    22
    22
    25
    20
    14

    18
    13
    17
    12
    7
    8
    7
    6
    6
    6

    11
    8
    12
    15
    5
    23
    14
    8
    5
    19

    34
    39
    38
    30
    34
    22
    41
    56
    61
    51

    30
    33
    30
    39
    47
    43
    36
    27
    21
    17

    14
    14
    15
    11
    10
    10
    7
    7
    10
    11

    9
    6
    5
    5
    4
    2
    2
    2
    3
    2

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Some members do not provide date of birth.
    2Represents consecutive years of service. Some members do not provide years of service.
    3For Representatives through 103d Congress, includes District of Columbia delegate but not

    Virigin Islands delegate; after 103d Congress, includes District of Columbia and Virgin Islands

    delegate.
    4Includes members elected to fill vacant seats through June 14, 1993.
    . . . = Not available.

    Table 29-6. Number of Governmental Units, by Type, 19422002


    Local governments
    Year

    2002 ......................................................
    1997 ......................................................
    1992 ......................................................
    1987 ......................................................
    1982 ......................................................
    1977 ......................................................
    1972 ......................................................
    1967 ......................................................
    1962 ......................................................
    1952 1 ....................................................
    1942 ......................................................

    Total

    87 576
    87 504
    85 006
    83 237
    81 831
    79 913
    78 269
    81 299
    91 237
    116 807
    155 116

    U.S.
    government

    State
    government

    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Adjusted

    to include units in Alaska and Hawaii, which adopted statehood in 1959.

    50
    50
    50
    50
    50
    50
    50
    50
    50
    50
    48

    Total
    87 525
    87 453
    84 955
    83 186
    81 780
    79 862
    78 218
    81 248
    91 186
    116 756
    155 067

    County
    3 034
    3 043
    3 043
    3 042
    3 041
    3 042
    3 044
    3 049
    3 043
    3 052
    3 050

    Municipal
    19 429
    19 372
    19 279
    19 200
    19 076
    18 862
    18 517
    18 048
    18 000
    16 807
    16 220

    Township and
    town

    School district

    Special district

    16 504
    16 629
    16 656
    16 691
    16 734
    16 822
    16 991
    17 105
    17 142
    17 202
    18 919

    13 506
    13 726
    14 422
    14 721
    14 851
    15 174
    15 781
    21 782
    34 678
    67 355
    108 579

    35 052
    34 683
    31 555
    29 532
    28 078
    25 962
    23 885
    21 264
    18 323
    12 340
    8 299

    454

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 29-7. Governmental Employment, 19462001


    (Thousands of employees, covers full-time and part-time employees, local government data are estimates subject to sampling variation.)
    State and local
    Year

    Federal (civilian) 1

    Total

    Total

    State

    Local

    2001 ............................................................................

    20 970

    2 698

    18 272

    4 985

    13 288

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    20 876
    20 306
    19 854
    19 540
    ...
    19 521
    19 420
    18 823
    18 164
    18 554

    2 899
    2 799
    2 765
    2 807
    ...
    2 895
    2 952
    2 999
    3 047
    3 103

    17 976
    17 506
    17 089
    16 733
    ...
    16 626
    16 468
    15 824
    15 117
    15 452

    4 877
    4 818
    4 758
    4 733
    ...
    4 719
    4 694
    4 673
    4 587
    4 521

    13 099
    12 565
    12 331
    12 000
    ...
    11 906
    11 775
    11 151
    10 531
    10 390

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    18 369
    17 897
    17 588
    17 212
    16 933
    16 690
    16 436
    16 033
    15 841
    15 968

    3 105
    3 114
    3 112
    3 091
    3 019
    3 021
    2 942
    2 874
    2 848
    2 865

    15 263
    14 765
    14 476
    14 121
    13 913
    13 669
    13 494
    13 159
    12 993
    13 103

    4 503
    4 365
    4 236
    4 116
    4 068
    3 984
    3 898
    3 816
    3 744
    3 726

    10 760
    10 400
    10 240
    10 005
    9 846
    9 685
    9 595
    9 344
    9 249
    9 377

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    16 213
    15 971
    15 628
    15 459
    15 012
    14 973
    14 628
    14 139
    13 759
    13 316

    2 898
    2 869
    2 885
    2 848
    2 843
    2 890
    2 874
    2 786
    2 795
    2 872

    13 315
    13 102
    12 743
    12 611
    12 169
    12 084
    11 754
    11 353
    10 964
    10 444

    3 753
    3 699
    3 539
    3 491
    3 343
    3 271
    3 155
    3 013
    2 957
    2 832

    9 562
    9 403
    9 204
    9 120
    8 826
    8 813
    8 599
    8 339
    8 007
    7 612

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    13 028
    12 685
    12 342
    11 867
    11 388
    10 589
    10 064
    9 736
    9 388
    9 100

    2 881
    2 969
    2 984
    2 993
    2 861
    2 588
    2 528
    2 548
    2 539
    2 484

    10 147
    9 716
    9 358
    8 874
    8 527
    8 001
    7 536
    7 188
    6 849
    6 616

    2 755
    2 614
    2 495
    2 335
    2 211
    2 028
    1 873
    1 775
    1 680
    1 625

    7 392
    7 102
    6 864
    6 539
    6 316
    5 973
    5 663
    5 413
    5 169
    4 992

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    8 808
    8 487
    8 297
    8 047
    7 685
    7 432
    7 232
    7 048
    7 105
    6 802

    2 421
    2 399
    2 405
    2 439
    2 410
    2 378
    2 373
    2 385
    2 583
    2 515

    6 387
    6 088
    5 892
    5 608
    5 275
    5 054
    4 859
    4 663
    4 522
    4 287

    1 527
    1 454
    1 408
    1 300
    1 268
    1 199
    1 149
    1 082
    1 060
    1 070

    4 860
    4 634
    4 484
    4 307
    4 007
    3 855
    3 710
    3 580
    3 461
    3 218

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    6 402
    6 203
    6 042
    5 791
    6 001

    2 117
    2 047
    2 076
    2 002
    2 434

    4 285
    4 156
    3 966
    3 789
    3 567

    1 057
    1 037
    963
    909
    804

    3 228
    3 119
    3 002
    2 880
    2 762

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States, <http://www.census.gov/statab/www/minihs.html> (accessed March 26, 2004).
    1Includes

    employees outside the United States.


    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 29: GOVERNMENTFEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL

    Table 29-8. Treaties and Executive Agreements Concluded by the United


    States, 17892000
    Year

    Treaties

    Executive agreements

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................

    12
    26
    25
    40
    48
    17
    24
    17
    21
    11

    177
    199
    259
    257
    260
    300
    338
    257
    303
    286

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................

    20
    15
    21
    12
    17
    8
    15
    23
    17
    12

    398
    363
    387
    434
    400
    336
    336
    282
    343
    322

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................

    26
    28
    15
    17
    13
    13
    13
    17
    20
    17

    321
    378
    417
    424
    402
    264
    229
    241
    287
    214

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................

    20
    6
    18
    18
    14
    14
    3
    17
    10
    9

    183
    162
    197
    223
    237
    204
    222
    234
    319
    260

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................

    5
    12
    10
    9
    15
    7
    17
    14
    22
    21

    266
    250
    197
    222
    233
    297
    206
    163
    291
    213

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................

    11
    22
    16
    15
    19
    6
    1
    4
    6
    15

    157
    148
    178
    144
    139
    54
    74
    71
    52
    39

    1940 ...............................................................

    12

    20

    18891939 .....................................................

    524

    917

    18391889 .....................................................

    215

    238

    17891839 .....................................................

    60

    27

    Source: Treaties and Other International Agreements: The Role of the United States Senate: A Study, 2001.

    455

    456

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 29-9. Caseload of the U.S. Supreme Court, 19702001


    (Statutory term of court begins first Monday in October.)
    Action

    1970

    1975

    1980

    1985

    1990

    1995

    1996

    1997

    1998

    1999

    2000

    2001

    Total Cases on Docket .............................................

    4 212

    4 761

    5 144

    5 158

    6 316

    7 565

    7 602

    7 692

    8 083

    8 445

    8 965

    9 176

    Appellate cases on docket ..........................................


    From prior term .......................................................
    Docketed during present term .................................
    Cases acted upon 1 ................................................
    Granted review ....................................................
    Denied, dismissed, or withdrawn ........................
    Summarily decided .............................................
    Cases not acted upon .............................................

    1 903
    325
    1 578
    1 613
    214
    1 285
    114
    290

    2 352
    431
    1 921
    1 900
    244
    1 538
    118
    452

    2 749
    527
    2 222
    2 324
    167
    1 999
    90
    425

    2 571
    400
    2 171
    2 185
    166
    1 863
    78
    386

    2 351
    365
    1 986
    2 042
    114
    1 802
    81
    309

    2 456
    361
    2 095
    2 130
    92
    1 945
    62
    326

    2 430
    375
    2 055
    2 124
    74
    1 955
    66
    306

    2 432
    347
    2 085
    2 142
    75
    1 990
    36
    290

    2 387
    326
    2 061
    2 092
    72
    1 940
    44
    295

    2 413
    321
    2 092
    2 096
    78
    1 958
    34
    317

    2 305
    351
    1 954
    2 024
    85
    1 842
    63
    281

    2 210
    324
    1 886
    1 932
    82
    1 751
    57
    278

    Pauper cases on docket .............................................


    Cases acted upon ...................................................
    Granted review ....................................................
    Denied, dismissed, or withdrawn ........................
    Summarily decided .............................................
    Cases not acted upon .............................................

    2 289
    1 802
    41
    1 683
    48
    487

    2 395
    1 997
    28
    1 903
    66
    398

    2 371
    2 027
    17
    1 968
    32
    344

    2 577
    2 189
    20
    2 136
    24
    388

    3 951
    3 436
    27
    3 369
    28
    515

    5 098
    4 514
    13
    4 439
    55
    584

    5 165
    4 613
    13
    4 582
    15
    552

    5 253
    4 616
    14
    4 581
    14
    637

    5 689
    4 951
    9
    4 926
    11
    738

    6 024
    5 273
    14
    5 239
    16
    751

    6 651
    5 736
    14
    5 658
    61
    915

    6 958
    6 139
    6
    6 114
    13
    819

    Original cases on docket .............................................


    Cases disposed of during term ...............................

    20
    7

    14
    7

    24
    7

    10
    2

    14
    3

    11
    5

    7
    2

    7
    1

    7
    2

    8
    0

    9
    2

    8
    1

    Total Cases Available for Argument .......................

    267

    280

    264

    276

    201

    145

    140

    138

    124

    124

    138

    137

    Cases disposed of ......................................................


    Cases argued ..........................................................
    Cases dismissed or remanded without argument ...

    160
    151
    9

    181
    179
    2

    162
    154
    8

    175
    171
    4

    131
    125
    6

    93
    90
    3

    92
    90
    2

    97
    96
    1

    94
    90
    4

    87
    83
    4

    89
    86
    3

    90
    88
    2

    Cases remaining .........................................................


    Cases decided by signed opinion ...............................
    Cases decided by per curiam opinion .........................
    Number of signed opinions .........................................

    107
    126
    22
    109

    99
    160
    16
    138

    102
    144
    8
    123

    101
    161
    10
    146

    70
    121
    4
    112

    52
    87
    3
    75

    48
    87
    3
    80

    41
    93
    1
    91

    30
    84
    4
    75

    37
    79
    2
    74

    49
    83
    4
    77

    47
    85
    3
    76

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes

    cases granted review and carried over to next term, not shown separately.

    SECTION

    30

    PUBLIC FINANCE

    458

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 30

    PUBLIC FINANCE
    Highlights

    Federal Budget Summary, 19402002


    7

    Dollars (in trillions)

    6
    Receipts
    Outlays
    Total gross federal debt

    0
    1940

    1950

    1960

    1970

    1980

    1990

    2002

    Year

    The first federal budget of 17891791 showed net


    revenues of $4.399 million, of which all but $20,000
    were derived from customs duties. The budget remained
    under $100 million until 1863 when, under the financial
    strains of the Civil War, it rose to $112 million. It
    crossed the $1 billion mark in 1917, again during
    wartime; the $100 billion mark in 1963, as the Vietnam
    War was escalating; and the $2 trillion mark in 2000. As
    a percentage of GDP, it inched up from 16 percent in
    1950 to 18.4 percent in 2000. In 1998 through 2001, it
    showed a surplus for the first time since 1960, but by
    2002, budget deficits had returned. The Unified Federal
    Budget concept was introduced in 1968 to incorporate
    reforms recommended by the Presidential Commission
    on Budget Concepts. Under the Unified Budget, trust
    funds were included in the federal budget to show the
    total impact of government spending on the economy.

    2
    When income tax was introduced in 1913, the
    effective rate was 0.4 percent for a family in the $5,000
    annual earnings range and only 6 percent for a family
    earning over $1 million (in 1912 dollars). The total number of returns in 1913 was 357,598. Before the introduction of income tax, 54 percent of internal revenue collections was from alcohol and 20 percent from tobacco.

    For a number of years there were two categories of


    public debt: public debt and the debt subject to the debt
    limit. The public debt originates from the Treasury
    Department, but excludes debt incurred by public agencies, such as the Tennessee Valley Authority. Gross
    Public Debt (GPD) is a new concept that includes both
    public and agency debt. Approximately three-fourths of
    the GPD is owed to the public; the rest is a paper debt

    SECTION 30: PUBLIC FINANCE


    consisting of surpluses of trust funds invested by the
    government in public debt securities. Interest payments
    on this part of the debt are paid from one account within the budget to another account also within the budget,
    and therefore, do not affect the budget surplus or
    deficit. Because the Federal Reserve System is an independent body outside the federal budget, the U.S. government pays the Federal Reserve interest on money
    borrowed from it for budgetary purposes. Debt held by
    the system is shown as debt held by the public, and
    interest paid to the system affects budget surplus or
    deficit. In years of heavy borrowing, the government
    has to pay billions of dollars in interest, thus adding to
    the deficit, and vice versa. However, since 1947, the
    Federal Reserve has made annual payments to the
    Treasury from its surplus, which, in turn, arises primarily
    as a result of interest payments made by the Treasury.
    The public debt in 1791 was $75.463 million or $19.21
    per capita. By the time of the Civil War, it had been
    reduced to $2.85 per capita. The Civil War and the half
    century following saw growth in public debt, but it
    decreased to the very low level of $11.99 per capita by
    the start of World War I. Thereafter it rose steadily,
    crossing the $1,000 per capita mark in 1944. In 2002, the
    GPD was $6.198 trillion, or $21,885 per capita.

    Seven states do not have state individual income


    tax: Alaska, Florida, Nevada, South Dakota, Texas,
    Washington, and Wyoming. Six states have flat rates:
    Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan,
    and Pennsylvania. Rhode Island has taxes calculated as
    a percentage of federal tax liability.

    Total lottery ticket sales reached $50.0 billion in


    2001. Only 12 states do not have lotteries: Alabama,
    Alaska, Arkansas, Hawaii, Mississippi, Nevada, North
    Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Utah,
    and Wyoming.

    State and local governments generate almost as


    much revenue as the federal government: $1.513 trillion
    for the former compared with $1.572 trillion for the latter in 1996. State and local revenues rely more on sales
    taxes and less on direct income taxes than the federal
    government. Patterns of expenditure are also different,
    with state and local governments spending more on

    459

    education, highways, and similar services, and less on


    national defense, environment, and general interest on
    public debt than the federal government. State and
    local governments spend $447 billion on salaries and
    wages compared with $162 billion for the federal government.

    Total federal grants in aid to state and local governments increased from $24.065 billion in 1970 to
    $351.550 billion in 2002. This figure represents 18.0 percent of federal outlays and 3.4 percent of the GDP. The
    two largest components of federal aid are Medicaid
    ($147.650 billion) and highways ($29.833 billion).

    In 2000, Americans paid $249.178 billion in property taxes and $309,290 billion in sales taxes. State and
    local expenditures reached $1.503 trillion ($5,340 per
    capita), of which education was the largest component
    with $521,612 billion. Total state and local debt was
    $1.452 trillion, or $5,159 per capita.

    Honolulu, Hawaii is the lowest taxed city in the


    nation, with an effective property tax rate per $100 of
    0.37. Bridgeport, Connecticut is the highest, with an
    effective property tax rate per $100 of 4.55.

    10
    New York City has the largest city budget in the
    United States, with revenues of $63.471 billion and
    expenditures of $59.181 billion in 2000. Los Angeles
    county has the largest county budget, with revenues of
    $17.782 billion and expenditures of $14.365 billion.

    11
    Americans paid a total of $858.345 billion in
    individual income taxes to the federal government in
    2002, making up nearly half of all revenues. Social insurance and retirement receipts made up another $700.760
    billion.

    12
    By agencies and units of administration, the
    largest segment of the federal budget was the $502.0
    billion spent by Health and Human Services, followed
    by $368.8 billion by the Treasury and $358.2 billion by
    the Department of Defense.

    460

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 30-1Series Y 335-338. Summary of Federal Government FinancesAdministrative Budget,


    17891939
    (Thousands of dollars; for 17891842, years ending December 31; 18441939, June 30; 1843 figures are for January 1June 30.)
    Year

    Budget receipts 1

    Budget expenditures 2

    Surplus or deficit (-) 3

    Total public debt 4

    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    4 979 066
    5 588 012
    4 955 613
    3 997 059
    3 705 956
    3 014 970
    1 996 844
    1 923 892
    3 115 557

    8 841 224
    6 764 628
    7 733 033
    8 421 608
    6 497 008
    6 644 602
    4 958 496
    4 659 182
    3 577 434

    -3 862 158
    -1 176 617
    -2 777 421
    -4 424 549
    -2 791 052
    -3 629 632
    -2 601 652
    -2 735 290
    -461 877

    40 439 532
    37 164 740
    36 424 614
    33 778 543
    28 700 893
    27 053 141
    22 538 673
    19 487 002
    16 801 281

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    4 057 884
    3 861 589
    3 900 329
    4 012 794
    3 795 108
    3 640 805
    3 871 214
    3 852 795
    4 025 901
    5 570 790

    3 320 211
    3 127 199
    2 961 245
    2 857 429
    2 929 964
    2 923 762
    2 907 847
    3 140 287
    3 289 404
    5 061 785

    737 673
    734 391
    939 083
    1 155 365
    865 144
    717 043
    963 367
    712 508
    736 496
    509 005

    16 185 310
    16 931 088
    17 604 293
    18 511 907
    19 643 216
    20 516 194
    21 250 813
    22 349 707
    22 963 382
    23 977 451

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    6 648 898
    5 130 042
    3 645 240
    1 100 500
    761 445
    683 417
    725 117
    714 463
    692 609
    701 833

    6 357 677
    18 492 665
    12 677 359
    1 953 857
    712 967
    746 093
    725 525
    714 864
    689 881
    691 202

    291 222
    -13 362 623
    -9 032 120
    -853 357
    48 478
    -62 676
    -408
    -401
    2 728
    10 631

    24 299 321
    25 484 506
    12 455 225
    2 975 619
    1 225 146
    1 191 264
    1 188 235
    1 193 048
    1 193 839
    1 153 985

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    675 512
    604 320
    601 862
    665 860
    594 984
    544 275
    541 087
    561 881
    562 478
    587 685

    693 617
    693 744
    659 196
    579 129
    570 202
    567 279
    583 660
    517 006
    485 234
    524 617

    -18 105
    -89 423
    -57 334
    86 732
    24 782
    -23 004
    -42 573
    44 875
    77 244
    63 068

    1 146 940
    1 148 315
    1 177 690
    1 147 178
    1 142 523
    1 132 357
    1 136 259
    1 159 406
    1 178 031
    1 221 572

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    567 241
    515 961
    405 321
    347 722
    338 142
    324 729
    306 355
    385 820
    354 938
    392 612

    520 861
    605 072
    443 369
    365 774
    352 179
    356 195
    367 525
    383 478
    345 023
    365 774

    46 380
    -89 112
    -38 047
    -18 052
    -14 037
    -31 466
    -61 170
    2 342
    9 914
    26 839

    1 263 417
    1 436 701
    1 232 743
    1 226 794
    1 222 729
    1 096 913
    1 016 898
    961 432
    968 219
    1 005 807

    1890
    1889
    1888
    1887
    1886
    1885
    1884
    1883
    1882
    1881

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    403 081
    387 050
    379 266
    371 403
    336 440
    323 691
    348 520
    398 288
    403 525
    360 782

    318 041
    299 289
    267 925
    267 932
    242 483
    260 227
    244 126
    265 408
    257 981
    260 713

    85 040
    87 761
    111 341
    103 471
    93 957
    63 464
    104 394
    132 879
    145 544
    100 069

    1 122 397
    1 249 471
    1 384 632
    1 465 485
    1 555 660
    1 578 551
    1 625 307
    1 721 959
    1 856 916
    2 019 286

    1880
    1879
    1878
    1877
    1876
    1875
    1874
    1873
    1872
    1871

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    333 527
    273 827
    257 764
    281 406
    294 096
    288 000
    304 979
    333 738
    374 107
    383 324

    267 643
    266 948
    236 964
    241 334
    265 101
    274 623
    302 634
    290 345
    277 518
    292 177

    65 884
    6 879
    20 800
    40 072
    28 995
    13 377
    2 345
    43 393
    96 589
    91 147

    2 090 909
    2 298 913
    2 159 418
    2 107 760
    2 130 846
    2 156 277
    2 159 933
    2 151 210
    2 209 991
    2 322 052

    1870
    1869
    1868
    1867
    1866
    1865
    1864
    1863
    1862
    1861

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    411 255
    370 944
    405 638
    490 634
    558 033
    333 715
    264 627
    112 697
    51 987
    41 510

    309 654
    322 865
    377 640
    357 543
    520 809
    1 297 555
    865 323
    714 741
    474 762
    66 547

    101 602
    48 078
    28 298
    133 091
    37 223
    -963 841
    -600 696
    -602 043
    -422 774
    -25 037

    2 436 453
    2 545 111
    2 583 446
    2 650 168
    2 755 764
    2 677 929
    1 815 831
    1 119 774
    524 178
    90 582

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Excludes receipts from borrowing. Prior to 1913, total receipts; thereafter, net receipts.
    2Excludes debt repayment. Prior to 1913, total expenditures; thereafter, net expenditures.
    3Receipts compared with expenditures.
    4As of end of period.

    SECTION 30: PUBLIC FINANCE

    461

    Table 30-1Series Y 335-338. Summary of Federal Government FinancesAdministrative Budget,


    17891939Continued
    (Thousands of dollars; for 17891842, years ending December 31; 18441939, June 30; 1843 figures are for January 1June 30.)
    Year

    Budget receipts 1

    Budget expenditures 2

    Surplus or deficit (-) 3

    Total public debt 4

    1860
    1859
    1858
    1857
    1856
    1855
    1854
    1853
    1852
    1851

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    56 065
    53 486
    46 655
    68 965
    74 057
    65 351
    73 800
    61 587
    49 847
    52 559

    63 131
    69 071
    74 185
    67 796
    69 571
    59 743
    58 045
    48 184
    44 195
    47 709

    -7 066
    -15 585
    -27 530
    1 170
    4 486
    5 608
    15 755
    13 403
    5 652
    4 850

    64 844
    58 498
    44 913
    28 701
    31 974
    35 588
    42 244
    59 805
    66 199
    68 305

    1850
    1849
    1848
    1847
    1846
    1845
    1844
    1843
    1842
    1841

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    43 603
    31 208
    35 736
    26 496
    29 700
    29 970
    29 321
    8 303
    19 976
    16 860

    39 543
    45 052
    45 377
    57 281
    27 767
    22 937
    22 338
    11 858
    25 206
    26 522

    4 060
    -13 844
    -9 641
    -30 786
    1 933
    7 033
    6 984
    -3 555
    -5 230
    -9 706

    63 453
    63 062
    47 045
    38 827
    15 550
    15 925
    23 462
    32 743
    20 201
    13 594

    1840
    1839
    1838
    1837
    1836
    1835
    1834
    1833
    1832
    1831

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    19 480
    31 483
    26 303
    24 954
    50 827
    35 430
    21 792
    33 948
    31 866
    28 527

    24 318
    26 899
    33 865
    37 243
    30 868
    17 573
    18 628
    23 018
    17 289
    15 248

    -4 837
    4 584
    -7 562
    -12 289
    -19 959
    17 857
    3 164
    10 931
    14 577
    13 279

    5 351
    3 573
    10 434
    3 308
    337
    38
    38
    4 760
    7 012
    24 322

    1830
    1829
    1828
    1827
    1826
    1825
    1824
    1823
    1822
    1821

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    24 844
    24 828
    24 764
    22 966
    25 260
    21 841
    19 381
    20 541
    20 232
    14 573

    15 143
    15 203
    16 395
    16 139
    17 036
    15 857
    20 327
    14 707
    15 000
    15 811

    9 701
    9 624
    8 369
    6 827
    8 225
    5 984
    -945
    5 834
    5 232
    -1 237

    39 123
    48 565
    58 421
    67 475
    73 987
    81 054
    83 788
    90 270
    90 876
    93 547

    1820
    1819
    1818
    1817
    1816
    1815
    1814
    1813
    1812
    1811

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    17 881
    24 603
    21 585
    33 099
    47 678
    15 729
    11 182
    14 340
    9 801
    14 424

    18 261
    21 464
    19 825
    21 844
    30 587
    32 709
    34 721
    31 682
    20 281
    8 058

    -380
    3 140
    1 760
    11 255
    17 091
    -16 979
    -23 539
    -17 341
    -10 480
    6 365

    89 987
    91 016
    95 530
    103 467
    123 492
    127 335
    99 834
    81 488
    55 963
    45 210

    1810
    1809
    1808
    1807
    1806
    1805
    1804
    1803
    1802
    1801

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    9 384
    7 773
    17 061
    16 398
    15 560
    13 561
    11 826
    11 064
    14 996
    12 935

    8 157
    10 281
    9 932
    8 354
    9 804
    10 506
    8 719
    7 852
    7 862
    9 395

    1 228
    -2 507
    7 128
    8 044
    5 756
    3 054
    3 107
    3 212
    7 134
    3 541

    48 006
    53 173
    57 023
    65 196
    69 218
    75 723
    82 312
    86 427
    77 055
    80 713

    1800 ............................................................................
    1799 ............................................................................
    1798 ............................................................................
    1797 ............................................................................
    1796 ............................................................................
    1795 ............................................................................
    1794 ............................................................................
    1793 ............................................................................
    1792 ............................................................................
    17891791 ..................................................................

    10 849
    7 547
    7 900
    5 689
    8 378
    6 115
    5 432
    4 653
    3 670
    4 419

    10 786
    9 666
    7 677
    6 134
    5 727
    7 540
    6 991
    4 482
    5 080
    4 269

    63
    -2 120
    224
    2 555
    2 651
    -1 425
    -1 559
    171
    -1 410
    150

    83 038
    82 976
    78 409
    79 229
    82 064
    83 762
    80 748
    78 427
    80 359
    77 228

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Excludes receipts from borrowing. Prior to 1913, total receipts; thereafter, net receipts.
    2Excludes debt repayment. Prior to 1913, total expenditures; thereafter, net expenditures.
    3Receipts compared with expenditures.
    4As of end of period.

    462

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 30-2Series Y 339-342. Summary of Federal Government Finances, 19402004


    (In millions of dollars; the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 put all the previously off-budget federal entities into the
    budget and moved Social Security off-budget; minus sign (-) indicates deficit or decrease.)
    Year

    Receipts

    Outlays

    Surplus or deficit (-)

    Total gross federal debt

    2004, est. ....................................................................


    2003 ............................................................................
    2002 ............................................................................
    2001 ............................................................................

    1 798 093
    1 782 342
    1 853 173
    1 991 194

    2 318 834
    2 157 637
    2 010 970
    1 863 770

    -520 741
    -375 295
    -157 797
    127 424

    7 486 447
    6 760 014
    6 198 401
    5 769 881

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    2 025 218
    1 827 454
    1 721 798
    1 579 292
    1 453 062
    1 351 830
    1 258 627
    1 154 401
    1 091 279
    1 055 041

    1 788 773
    1 701 891
    1 652 585
    1 601 250
    1 560 535
    1 515 802
    1 461 877
    1 409 489
    1 381 655
    1 324 369

    236 445
    125 563
    69 213
    -21 958
    -107 473
    -163 972
    -203 250
    -255 087
    -290 376
    -269 328

    5 628 700
    5 605 523
    5 478 189
    5 369 206
    5 181 465
    4 920 586
    4 643 307
    4 351 044
    4 001 787
    3 598 178

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    1 031 969
    991 190
    909 303
    854 353
    769 215
    734 088
    666 486
    600 562
    617 766
    599 272

    1 253 165
    1 143 646
    1 064 455
    1 004 082
    990 430
    946 396
    851 853
    808 364
    745 743
    678 241

    -221 195
    -152 456
    -155 152
    -149 728
    -221 215
    -212 308
    -185 367
    -207 802
    -127 977
    -78 968

    3 206 290
    2 867 800
    2 601 104
    2 345 956
    2 120 501
    1 817 423
    1 564 586
    1 371 660
    1 137 315
    994 828

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    TQ 1
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    517 112
    463 302
    399 561
    355 559
    81 232
    298 060
    279 090
    263 224
    230 799
    207 309
    187 139

    590 941
    504 028
    458 746
    409 218
    95 975
    371 792
    332 332
    269 359
    245 707
    230 681
    210 172

    -73 830
    -40 726
    -59 185
    -53 659
    -14 744
    -73 732
    -53 242
    -6 135
    -14 908
    -23 373
    -23 033

    909 041
    829 467
    776 602
    706 398
    643 561
    628 970
    541 925
    483 893
    466 291
    435 936
    408 176

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    192 807
    186 882
    152 973
    148 822
    130 835
    116 817
    112 613
    106 560
    99 676
    94 388

    195 649
    183 640
    178 134
    157 464
    134 532
    118 228
    118 528
    111 316
    106 821
    97 723

    -2 842
    3 242
    -25 161
    -8 643
    -3 698
    -1 411
    -5 915
    -4 756
    -7 146
    -3 335

    380 921
    365 769
    368 685
    340 445
    328 498
    322 318
    316 059
    310 324
    302 928
    292 648

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    92 492
    79 249
    79 636
    79 990
    74 587
    65 451
    69 701
    69 608
    66 167
    51 616

    92 191
    92 098
    82 405
    76 578
    70 640
    68 444
    70 855
    76 101
    67 686
    45 514

    301
    -12 849
    -2 769
    3 412
    3 947
    -2 993
    -1 154
    -6 493
    -1 519
    6 102

    290 525
    287 465
    279 666
    272 252
    272 693
    274 366
    270 812
    265 963
    259 097
    255 288

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    39 443
    39 415
    41 560
    38 514
    39 296
    45 159
    43 747
    24 001
    14 634
    8 712

    42 562
    38 835
    29 764
    34 496
    55 232
    92 712
    91 304
    78 555
    35 137
    13 653

    -3 119
    580
    11 796
    4 018
    -15 936
    -47 553
    -47 557
    -54 554
    -20 503
    -4 941

    256 853
    252 610
    252 031
    257 149
    270 991
    260 123
    204 079
    142 648
    79 200
    57 531

    1940 ............................................................................

    6 548

    9 468

    -2 920

    50 696

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Fiscal

    years through 1976 are from July 1 through June 30. Beginning with October 1976 (fiscal year 1977), fiscal years are from October 1 through September 30. The period from July 1
    through September 30, 1976 is a separate fiscal period known as the transition quarter (TQ) and not included in any fiscal year.

    SECTION 30: PUBLIC FINANCE

    Table 30-3Series Y 402-411. Individual Income


    Tax Returns, 19131943
    Total number of returns with net income 1

    Income year
    1943 ...............................................................
    1942 ...............................................................
    1941 ...............................................................

    43 506 553
    36 456 110
    26 770 089

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................

    14 598 074
    7 570 320
    6 150 776
    6 301 833
    5 418 499
    4 575 012
    4 049 420
    3 723 558
    3 877 430
    3 225 924

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................
    ...............................................................

    3 707 509
    4 044 327
    4 070 851
    4 101 547
    4 138 092
    4 171 051
    7 369 788
    7 698 321
    6 787 481
    6 662 176

    1920 ...............................................................
    1919 ...............................................................
    1918 ...............................................................
    1917 ...............................................................
    1916 ...............................................................
    1915 ...............................................................
    1914 ...............................................................
    1913 2 ............................................................

    7 259 944
    5 332 760
    4 425 114
    3 472 890
    437 036
    336 652
    357 515
    357 598

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes fiduciary returns with net income
    2Data pertain to last 10 months of year.

    filed on Form 1040, 19131936.

    463

    464

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 30-4Series Y 393-401. Individual Income Tax Returns, 19442000


    (Thousands of dollars, except number of returns.)
    Returns with adjusted gross income
    Income year

    Total number of returns


    Taxable income

    Income tax (after credits)

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    129 374 000


    127 075 000
    124 772 000
    122 422 000
    120 351 000
    118 218 000
    115 943 000
    114 602 000
    113 605 000
    114 730 000

    4 544 242 000


    4 136 120 000
    3 780 838 000
    3 429 109 000
    3 089 667 000
    2 813 826 000
    2 597 980 000
    2 453 543 000
    2 395 696 000
    2 284 088 000

    980 497 000


    870 919 000
    783 513 000
    727 303 000
    655 420 000
    588 419 000
    534 856 000
    502 788 000
    476 239 000
    448 430 000

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    113 717 000


    112 136 000
    109 708 000
    106 996 000
    103 045 000
    101 660 000
    99 400 000
    96 300 000
    95 300 000
    95 400 000

    2 263 661 000


    2 173 346 000
    2 069 967 000
    1 850 597 000
    1 947 025 000
    1 820 741 000
    1 701 400 000
    1 544 900 000
    1 473 300 000
    1 410 900 000

    446 296 000


    432 940 000
    412 870 000
    369 203 000
    367 287 000
    325 710 000
    301 900 000
    274 200 000
    277 600 000
    284 100 000

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    93 902 000
    92 700 000
    89 800 000
    86 600 000
    84 700 000
    82 200 000
    83 300 000
    80 700 000
    77 570 000
    74 573 000

    1 279 985 000


    1 157 200 000
    1 062 200 000
    939 000 000
    674 900 000
    595 500 000
    573 600 000
    511 900 000
    444 600 000
    413 400 000

    250 341 000


    213 300 000
    186 700 000
    158 500 000
    140 800 000
    124 500 000
    123 500 000
    107 900 000
    93 354 000
    85 253 000

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    74 279 831
    75 834 388
    73 728 708
    71 651 909
    70 160 425
    67 596 300
    65 375 601
    63 943 236
    62 712 386
    61 499 420

    400 859 064


    388 153 971
    352 799 662
    315 108 212
    286 296 994
    255 082 124
    229 875 078
    209 090 323
    195 320 479
    181 779 732

    83 909 314
    86 568 215
    76 637 902
    62 919 958
    56 087 084
    49 529 695
    47 152 855
    48 203 580
    44 902 840
    42 224 498

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    61 027 931
    60 271 297
    59 085 182
    59 825 121
    59 197 004
    58 250 188
    56 747 008
    57 838 184
    56 528 817
    55 447 009

    171 627 771


    166 540 616
    149 337 414
    149 363 077
    141 532 061
    128 020 111
    115 331 301
    ...
    ...
    ...

    39 464 156
    38 645 299
    34 335 652
    34 393 639
    32 732 132
    29 613 722
    26 665 753
    29 430 659
    27 802 831
    24 227 780

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    53 060 098
    51 814 124
    52 072 006
    55 099 008
    52 816 547
    49 932 783
    47 111 495

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    18 374 922
    14 538 141
    15 441 529
    18 076 281
    16 075 913
    17 050 378
    16 216 401

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 30: PUBLIC FINANCE

    465

    Table 30-5Series Y 493-504. Interest-Bearing Public Debt of the Federal Government, 18531939
    (Millions of dollars, at end of fiscal year.)
    Year

    Interest-bearing principal of
    public debt outstanding 1

    Bonds 2

    Treasury bills 3

    Notes 4

    Special issues 5

    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    39 886.0
    36 575.9
    35 800.1
    32 988.8
    27 645.2
    26 480.5
    22 157.6
    19 161.3
    16 519.6

    27 566
    23 599
    21 322
    18 628
    14 936
    16 510
    14 223
    14 250
    13 531

    1 308
    1 154
    2 303
    2 354
    2 053
    2 921
    3 063
    3 341
    2 246

    7 243
    9 147
    10 617
    11 381
    10 023
    6 653
    4 548
    1 261
    452

    3 770
    2 676
    1 558
    626
    633
    396
    323
    309
    291

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    15 921.9
    16 638.9
    17 317.7
    18 252.7
    19 383.8
    20 210.9
    20 981.2
    22 007.0
    22 710.3
    23 738.9

    12 111
    12 125
    13 021
    15 222
    16 928
    16 842
    16 025
    16 535
    15 965
    16 119

    1 420
    1 640
    1 252
    686
    453
    533
    808
    1 031
    1 829
    2 700

    1 626
    2 267
    2 582
    1 986
    1 799
    2 740
    4 148
    4 441
    4 916
    4 920

    764
    607
    462
    359
    204
    95
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    24 062.5
    25 236.9
    12 197.5
    2 712.5
    971.6
    969.8
    968.0
    965.7
    963.8
    915.4

    16 218
    17 188
    9 911
    2 412
    967
    970
    968
    966
    964
    915

    2 769
    3 625
    1 706
    273
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    5 075
    4 422
    369
    27
    4
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    913.3
    913.3
    897.5
    894.8
    895.2
    895.2
    895.2
    914.5
    931.1
    987.1

    913
    913
    883
    895
    895
    895
    895
    915
    913
    987

    ...
    ...
    14
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1900
    1899
    1898
    1897
    1896
    1895
    1894
    1893
    1892
    1891

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 023.5
    1 046.0
    847.4
    847.4
    847.4
    716.2
    635.0
    585.0
    585.0
    610.5

    1 023
    1 046
    847
    847
    847
    716
    635
    585
    610
    711

    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1890
    1889
    1888
    1887
    1886
    1885
    1884
    1883
    1882
    1881

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    711.3
    815.9
    936.5
    1 007.7
    1 132.0
    1 182.2
    1 212.6
    1 324.2
    1 449.8
    1 625.6

    816
    936
    1 008
    1 132
    1 182
    1 212
    1 324
    1 449
    1 625
    1 709

    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)
    (Z)
    1
    1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1880
    1879
    1878
    1877
    1876
    1875
    1874
    1873
    1872
    1871

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 710.0
    1 887.7
    1 780.7
    1 697.9
    1 696.7
    1 708.7
    1 724.9
    1 696.5
    1 800.8
    1 920.7

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970.
    1Exclusive

    of bonds issued to Pacific Railways (provision was made by law to secure the Treasury against both principal and interest) and the Navy pension fund (which was not a debt, the
    principal being the property of the United States). The Statement of the Public Debt included the railroad bonds from issuance and the Navy fund from Sept. 1, 1896, until the statement of June
    30, 1890.
    2Includes U.S. Savings, Treasury, Panama Canal, Depositary, and U.S. retirement plan bonds.
    3Includes certificates of indebtedness. Also includes refunding certificates of deposit, 18801907, inclusive.
    4Includes old Treasury (War) savings securities from 1918 through 1929.
    5Comprises special issues to government agencies and trust funds.
    . . . = Not available.
    Z = Less than $500,000.

    466

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 30-5Series Y 493-504. Interest-Bearing Public Debt of the Federal Government, 18531939
    Continued
    (Millions of dollars, at end of fiscal year.)
    Year

    Interest-bearing principal of
    public debt outstanding 1

    Bonds 2

    Treasury bills 3

    Notes 4

    Special issues 5

    1870
    1869
    1868
    1867
    1866
    1865
    1864
    1863
    1862
    1861

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    2 035.9
    2 151.5
    2 191.3
    2 239.0
    2 322.1
    2 217.7
    1 360.0
    707.8
    365.4
    90.4

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1860
    1859
    1858
    1857
    1856
    1855
    1854
    1853

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    64.7
    58.3
    44.7
    28.5
    31.8
    35.4
    42.0
    59.6

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970.
    1Exclusive

    of bonds issued to Pacific Railways (provision was made by law to secure the Treasury against both principal and interest) and the Navy pension fund (which was not a debt, the
    principal being the property of the United States). The Statement of the Public Debt included the railroad bonds from issuance and the Navy fund from Sept. 1, 1896, until the statement of June
    30, 1890.
    2Includes U.S. Savings, Treasury, Panama Canal, Depositary, and U.S. retirement plan bonds.
    3Includes certificates of indebtedness. Also includes refunding certificates of deposit, 18801907, inclusive.
    4Includes old Treasury (War) savings securities from 1918 through 1929.
    5Comprises special issues to government agencies and trust funds.
    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 30: PUBLIC FINANCE

    467

    Table 30-6Series Y 488-492. Gross Federal Debt Outstanding, 19402009


    (Millions of dollars, percent; at end of fiscal year.)
    Millions of dollars
    Year

    2009 est. ...................................


    2008 est. ...................................
    2007 est. ...................................
    2006 est. ...................................
    2005 est. ...................................
    2004 est. ...................................
    2003 .........................................
    2002 .........................................
    2001 .........................................

    Percent of Gross Domestic Product

    Equals: Held by the public

    Gross federal
    debt

    Less: Held by
    federal
    government
    accounts

    10 564 099
    9 931 061
    9 317 866
    8 726 359
    8 132 945
    7 486 447
    6 760 014
    6 198 401
    5 769 881

    4 719 666
    4 341 622
    3 984 837
    3 652 245
    3 341 083
    3 065 659
    2 846 407
    2 658 006
    2 450 266

    5 844 433
    5 589 439
    5 333 029
    5 074 114
    4 791 862
    4 420 788
    3 913 607
    3 540 395
    3 319 615

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    656 116
    604 191
    534 135

    Total

    Federal
    Reserve
    System

    Equals: Held by the public

    Gross federal
    debt

    Less: Held by
    federal
    government
    accounts

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    3 257 491
    2 936 203
    2 785 480

    71.9
    71.1
    70.2
    69.0
    67.5
    65.3
    62.4
    59.8
    57.5

    32.1
    31.1
    30.0
    28.9
    27.7
    26.7
    26.3
    25.6
    24.4

    39.8
    40.0
    40.2
    40.1
    39.8
    38.6
    36.1
    34.1
    33.1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    6.1
    5.8
    5.3

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    30.1
    28.3
    27.7

    Other

    Total

    Federal
    Reserve
    System

    Other

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    5 628 700
    5 605 523
    5 478 189
    5 369 206
    5 181 465
    4 920 586
    4 643 307
    4 351 044
    4 001 787
    3 598 178

    2 218 896
    1 973 160
    1 757 090
    1 596 862
    1 447 392
    1 316 208
    1 210 242
    1 102 647
    1 002 050
    909 179

    3 409 804
    3 632 363
    3 721 099
    3 772 344
    3 734 073
    3 604 378
    3 433 065
    3 248 396
    2 999 737
    2 688 999

    511 413
    496 644
    458 182
    424 518
    390 924
    374 114
    355 150
    325 653
    296 397
    258 591

    2 898 391
    3 135 719
    3 262 917
    3 347 826
    3 343 149
    3 230 264
    3 077 915
    2 922 744
    2 703 341
    2 430 408

    58.0
    61.4
    63.5
    65.6
    67.3
    67.2
    66.7
    66.1
    64.1
    60.6

    22.9
    21.6
    20.4
    19.5
    18.8
    18.0
    17.4
    16.8
    16.1
    15.3

    35.1
    39.8
    43.1
    46.1
    48.5
    49.2
    49.3
    49.4
    48.1
    45.3

    5.3
    5.4
    5.3
    5.2
    5.1
    5.1
    5.1
    5.0
    4.7
    4.4

    29.9
    34.4
    37.8
    40.9
    43.4
    44.1
    44.2
    44.4
    43.3
    41.0

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    3 206 290
    2 867 800
    2 601 104
    2 345 956
    2 120 501
    1 817 423
    1 564 586
    1 371 660
    1 137 315
    994 828

    794 733
    677 084
    549 487
    456 203
    379 878
    310 163
    257 611
    234 392
    212 740
    205 418

    2 411 558
    2 190 716
    2 051 616
    1 889 753
    1 740 623
    1 507 260
    1 306 975
    1 137 268
    924 575
    789 410

    234 410
    220 088
    229 218
    212 040
    190 855
    169 806
    155 122
    155 527
    134 497
    124 466

    2 177 147
    1 970 628
    1 822 398
    1 677 713
    1 549 767
    1 337 454
    1 151 853
    981 741
    790 078
    664 944

    55.9
    53.1
    51.9
    50.4
    48.1
    43.8
    40.7
    39.8
    35.3
    32.5

    13.9
    12.5
    11.0
    9.8
    8.6
    7.5
    6.7
    6.8
    6.6
    6.7

    42.0
    40.6
    40.9
    40.6
    39.5
    36.3
    34.0
    33.0
    28.7
    25.8

    4.1
    4.1
    4.6
    4.6
    4.3
    4.1
    4.0
    4.5
    4.2
    4.1

    37.9
    36.5
    36.4
    36.0
    35.2
    32.2
    29.9
    28.5
    24.5
    21.7

    1980 .........................................
    1979 .........................................
    1978 .........................................
    1977 .........................................
    TQ 1 ..........................................
    1976 .........................................
    1975 .........................................
    1974 .........................................
    1973 .........................................
    1972 .........................................
    1971 .........................................

    909 041
    829 467
    776 602
    706 398
    643 561
    628 970
    541 925
    483 893
    466 291
    435 936
    408 176

    197 118
    189 161
    169 476
    157 294
    148 052
    151 566
    147 225
    140 194
    125 381
    113 559
    105 140

    711 923
    640 306
    607 126
    549 104
    495 509
    477 404
    394 700
    343 699
    340 910
    322 377
    303 037

    120 846
    115 594
    115 480
    105 004
    96 702
    94 714
    84 993
    80 648
    75 181
    71 426
    65 518

    591 077
    524 712
    491 646
    444 100
    398 807
    382 690
    309 707
    263 051
    265 729
    250 951
    237 519

    33.4
    33.1
    35.0
    35.8
    35.0
    36.2
    34.7
    33.6
    35.6
    37.0
    37.8

    7.2
    7.6
    7.6
    8.0
    8.1
    8.7
    9.4
    9.7
    9.6
    9.6
    9.7

    26.1
    25.6
    27.4
    27.8
    27.0
    27.5
    25.3
    23.9
    26.0
    27.4
    28.1

    4.4
    4.6
    5.2
    5.3
    5.3
    5.4
    5.4
    5.6
    5.7
    6.1
    6.1

    21.7
    21.0
    22.2
    22.5
    21.7
    22.0
    19.8
    18.3
    20.3
    21.3
    22.0

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    380 921
    365 769
    368 685
    340 445
    328 498
    322 318
    316 059
    310 324
    302 928
    292 648

    97 723
    87 661
    79 140
    73 819
    64 784
    61 540
    59 210
    56 345
    54 918
    54 291

    283 198
    278 108
    289 545
    266 626
    263 714
    260 778
    256 849
    253 978
    248 010
    238 357

    57 714
    54 095
    52 230
    46 719
    42 169
    39 100
    34 794
    32 027
    29 663
    27 253

    225 484
    224 013
    237 315
    219 907
    221 545
    221 678
    222 055
    221 951
    218 347
    211 104

    37.6
    38.6
    42.5
    42.0
    43.5
    46.9
    49.3
    51.8
    53.4
    55.2

    9.6
    9.2
    9.1
    9.1
    8.6
    9.0
    9.2
    9.4
    9.7
    10.2

    28.0
    29.3
    33.3
    32.9
    34.9
    37.9
    40.0
    42.4
    43.7
    45.0

    5.7
    5.7
    6.0
    5.8
    5.6
    5.7
    5.4
    5.3
    5.2
    5.1

    22.3
    23.6
    27.3
    27.1
    29.3
    32.2
    34.6
    37.0
    38.5
    39.8

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    290 525
    287 465
    279 666
    272 252
    272 693
    274 366
    270 812
    265 963
    259 097
    255 288

    53 686
    52 764
    53 329
    52 931
    50 537
    47 751
    46 313
    47 580
    44 339
    40 962

    236 840
    234 701
    226 336
    219 320
    222 156
    226 616
    224 499
    218 383
    214 758
    214 326

    26 523
    26 044
    25 438
    23 035
    23 758
    23 607
    25 037
    24 746
    22 906
    22 982

    210 317
    208 657
    200 898
    196 285
    198 398
    203 009
    199 462
    193 637
    191 852
    191 344

    56.0
    58.6
    60.8
    60.4
    63.9
    69.3
    71.8
    71.4
    74.3
    79.7

    10.3
    10.8
    11.6
    11.7
    11.8
    12.1
    12.3
    12.8
    12.7
    12.8

    45.6
    47.9
    49.2
    48.6
    52.0
    57.2
    59.5
    58.6
    61.6
    66.9

    5.1
    5.3
    5.5
    5.1
    5.6
    6.0
    6.6
    6.6
    6.6
    7.2

    40.5
    42.6
    43.7
    43.5
    46.5
    51.3
    52.9
    52.0
    55.0
    59.7

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    256 853
    252 610
    252 031
    257 149
    270 991
    260 123
    204 079
    142 648
    79 200
    57 531

    37 830
    38 288
    35 761
    32 810
    29 130
    24 941
    19 283
    14 882
    11 447
    9 308

    219 023
    214 322
    216 270
    224 339
    241 861
    235 182
    184 796
    127 766
    67 753
    48 223

    18 331
    19 343
    21 366
    21 872
    23 783
    21 792
    14 899
    7 149
    2 640
    2 180

    200 692
    194 979
    194 904
    202 467
    218 078
    213 390
    169 897
    120 617
    65 113
    46 043

    94.0
    93.1
    98.2
    110.3
    121.7
    117.5
    97.6
    79.1
    54.9
    50.4

    13.8
    14.1
    13.9
    14.1
    13.1
    11.3
    9.2
    8.3
    7.9
    8.2

    80.2
    79.0
    84.3
    96.2
    108.6
    106.2
    88.3
    70.9
    47.0
    42.3

    6.7
    7.1
    8.3
    9.4
    10.7
    9.8
    7.1
    4.0
    1.8
    1.9

    73.5
    71.9
    75.9
    86.8
    97.9
    96.4
    81.2
    66.9
    45.1
    40.4

    1940 .........................................

    50 696

    7 924

    42 772

    2 458

    40 314

    52.4

    8.2

    44.2

    2.5

    41.6

    Source: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. Budget of the United States Government: Fiscal Year 2005.
    1Fiscal

    years through 1976 are from July 1


    through June 30. Beginning with October 1976 (fiscal year 1977), fiscal years are from October 1 through September 30. The period from July 1 through September 30, 1976 is a separate fiscal
    period known as the transition quarter (TQ) and not included in any fiscal year.
    . . . = Not available.

    468

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 30-7. Government Consumption Expenditures and Investment, by Type, 19462002


    (Billions of dollars, calendar years, quarterly data are at seasonally adjusted annual rates.)
    Federal
    National defense
    Gross investment 1

    Consumption expenditures
    Year

    Total
    government

    Services
    Total
    Total
    Total

    Durable
    goods 2

    Nondura- CompensaConsumpble goods


    tion of
    tion of fixed
    employcapital 4
    ees 3

    Other
    services

    Total

    Structures

    Net
    Equipment
    investment
    and
    software

    2002 .................................
    2001 .................................

    1 972.9
    1 858.0

    693.7
    628.1

    447.4
    399.9

    386.6
    344.5

    25.3
    24.2

    11.5
    10.5

    154.4
    143.7

    64.2
    63.5

    131.3
    102.5

    60.8
    55.5

    5.3
    5.4

    55.5
    50.0

    -3.4
    -8.0

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    1 751.0
    1 641.0
    1 538.5
    1 487.9
    1 421.9
    1 372.0
    1 327.9
    1 293.0
    1 270.5
    1 235.5

    589.2
    565.0
    539.2
    538.2
    531.6
    521.5
    521.1
    527.3
    534.5
    527.4

    374.9
    364.3
    349.1
    352.6
    357.0
    350.6
    355.1
    364.9
    378.5
    384.5

    321.4
    312.0
    299.7
    304.2
    302.4
    297.5
    301.1
    309.2
    316.9
    321.1

    22.5
    22.4
    21.1
    21.1
    21.0
    21.0
    23.3
    27.1
    29.0
    31.2

    10.4
    8.1
    6.9
    7.5
    7.7
    6.3
    7.6
    8.4
    9.5
    10.7

    138.3
    133.1
    131.2
    132.5
    133.1
    130.4
    134.2
    138.1
    142.5
    141.3

    63.6
    62.5
    62.3
    62.8
    63.0
    63.0
    61.8
    60.2
    57.9
    56.3

    86.7
    85.9
    78.2
    80.2
    77.7
    76.8
    74.2
    75.3
    78.1
    81.6

    53.5
    52.3
    49.4
    48.4
    54.6
    53.1
    54.0
    55.7
    61.6
    63.4

    5.3
    5.3
    5.4
    5.7
    6.7
    6.3
    5.7
    5.1
    5.2
    4.6

    48.2
    47.0
    44.0
    42.7
    47.9
    46.9
    48.3
    50.7
    56.3
    58.8

    -10.1
    -10.2
    -12.9
    -14.4
    -8.4
    -9.9
    -7.8
    -4.5
    3.7
    7.1

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    1 181.4
    1 100.2
    1 036.9
    997.9
    942.3
    878.3
    800.8
    735.9
    684.4
    631.4

    508.4
    482.6
    462.6
    460.4
    438.7
    413.4
    376.4
    344.4
    312.8
    281.8

    374.9
    363.2
    355.9
    351.2
    332.2
    312.4
    283.5
    252.5
    228.3
    197.8

    308.9
    300.5
    294.6
    284.8
    269.3
    254.9
    234.9
    210.6
    193.6
    168.9

    30.9
    32.0
    33.5
    33.6
    31.9
    29.2
    26.9
    25.0
    19.2
    16.1

    11.0
    10.8
    10.6
    10.3
    10.3
    10.0
    10.5
    11.3
    11.6
    12.0

    134.0
    131.2
    126.5
    123.2
    118.4
    115.0
    107.3
    92.2
    87.2
    78.6

    53.2
    50.1
    47.0
    44.1
    41.5
    38.6
    36.6
    33.4
    31.0
    27.2

    79.8
    76.4
    77.1
    73.6
    67.3
    62.0
    53.6
    48.6
    44.6
    35.1

    65.9
    62.7
    61.3
    66.4
    62.9
    57.5
    48.7
    41.9
    34.7
    28.9

    6.1
    6.4
    7.4
    7.7
    6.8
    6.2
    4.9
    4.8
    4.0
    3.2

    59.8
    56.3
    53.9
    58.8
    56.1
    51.3
    43.8
    37.1
    30.8
    25.7

    12.7
    12.6
    14.3
    22.3
    21.4
    18.9
    12.1
    8.5
    3.7
    1.7

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    569.7
    503.5
    455.6
    415.3
    384.5
    361.1
    322.4
    287.9
    270.1
    251.0

    245.3
    211.6
    191.9
    176.0
    160.6
    152.1
    138.2
    127.8
    125.6
    117.6

    169.6
    146.7
    132.0
    122.6
    113.2
    107.9
    99.7
    93.9
    93.5
    89.0

    145.3
    125.3
    114.2
    105.8
    97.9
    93.4
    87.5
    82.6
    82.3
    79.3

    12.8
    11.5
    9.6
    7.9
    5.9
    6.5
    4.6
    5.3
    5.9
    5.8

    10.1
    6.3
    4.9
    4.6
    4.5
    5.1
    5.3
    4.4
    4.8
    4.4

    68.4
    61.5
    57.4
    53.5
    50.2
    47.8
    44.0
    41.4
    40.5
    38.2

    24.4
    22.3
    21.2
    19.9
    18.8
    17.5
    16.7
    16.4
    15.8
    14.6

    29.6
    23.6
    21.1
    20.0
    18.5
    16.5
    16.8
    15.3
    15.4
    16.2

    24.3
    21.4
    17.8
    16.7
    15.3
    14.5
    12.3
    11.3
    11.2
    9.7

    3.2
    2.5
    2.5
    2.4
    2.1
    2.3
    2.2
    2.1
    1.8
    1.8

    21.1
    18.9
    15.3
    14.4
    13.2
    12.1
    10.1
    9.2
    9.4
    7.9

    -0.1
    -0.9
    -3.4
    -3.2
    -3.5
    -3.0
    -4.4
    -5.1
    -4.6
    -4.9

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    237.1
    224.6
    212.8
    195.3
    174.3
    153.7
    145.1
    138.5
    132.2
    121.5

    116.4
    116.1
    114.0
    106.8
    94.4
    82.1
    79.8
    78.5
    76.9
    69.5

    90.9
    92.6
    92.2
    85.8
    73.8
    62.4
    61.8
    62.7
    62.8
    58.1

    78.7
    80.1
    79.0
    71.5
    61.4
    52.4
    50.3
    50.1
    48.3
    44.3

    7.5
    7.8
    8.9
    7.2
    6.8
    4.9
    4.1
    5.0
    4.9
    3.9

    5.3
    7.6
    8.4
    7.3
    4.7
    3.4
    3.6
    3.3
    3.6
    2.9

    36.6
    34.7
    32.4
    29.3
    26.2
    22.5
    21.5
    20.0
    19.3
    18.2

    14.2
    13.7
    13.1
    12.3
    11.7
    11.4
    11.3
    11.2
    10.7
    10.2

    15.0
    16.4
    16.3
    15.4
    12.0
    10.1
    9.8
    10.5
    9.7
    9.0

    12.3
    12.5
    13.2
    14.3
    12.3
    10.1
    11.5
    12.6
    14.5
    13.9

    1.3
    1.5
    1.2
    1.2
    1.3
    1.1
    1.3
    1.6
    2.0
    2.4

    10.9
    11.0
    11.9
    13.1
    11.1
    8.9
    10.2
    11.0
    12.5
    11.5

    -1.9
    -1.2
    0.1
    2.0
    0.6
    -1.3
    0.2
    1.4
    3.8
    3.7

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    113.8
    112.5
    106.5
    100.1
    91.8
    86.8
    86.5
    90.8
    83.9
    68.3

    65.9
    67.4
    63.9
    61.3
    56.7
    54.9
    57.3
    64.4
    59.2
    45.0

    55.2
    56.0
    55.5
    53.7
    49.3
    47.0
    49.3
    56.0
    52.4
    39.3

    42.8
    42.2
    44.2
    43.2
    38.8
    36.9
    37.1
    41.3
    38.9
    30.1

    4.8
    5.8
    6.9
    6.6
    6.0
    5.9
    6.8
    9.1
    8.0
    4.2

    2.5
    2.3
    2.1
    2.1
    1.7
    1.6
    3.2
    4.2
    2.7
    2.3

    17.6
    17.2
    16.9
    16.4
    16.0
    15.7
    15.3
    15.9
    16.0
    13.4

    9.9
    9.6
    9.2
    9.1
    8.6
    8.0
    7.6
    7.0
    6.2
    5.5

    8.1
    7.3
    9.1
    9.0
    6.5
    5.7
    4.2
    5.1
    6.1
    4.8

    12.3
    13.7
    11.3
    10.5
    10.5
    10.1
    12.1
    14.7
    13.4
    9.1

    2.2
    2.5
    2.6
    2.3
    2.1
    2.1
    2.7
    3.3
    3.3
    2.0

    10.1
    11.2
    8.7
    8.2
    8.4
    8.0
    9.4
    11.4
    10.1
    7.1

    2.4
    4.1
    2.1
    1.4
    1.9
    2.1
    4.5
    7.7
    7.2
    3.6

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    46.9
    46.8
    40.6
    36.4
    39.8

    26.0
    27.6
    24.2
    22.6
    29.0

    19.6
    19.9
    18.4
    18.2
    25.3

    17.2
    16.9
    16.4
    17.3
    23.8

    1.7
    0.9
    0.7
    0.3
    -0.4

    0.9
    0.8
    0.7
    0.3
    0.7

    7.9
    7.8
    6.9
    7.8
    14.1

    5.2
    6.0
    7.0
    8.3
    8.9

    1.5
    1.4
    1.0
    0.7
    0.5

    2.4
    2.9
    2.0
    0.9
    1.5

    0.5
    0.4
    0.4
    0.2
    0.3

    1.9
    2.6
    1.6
    0.8
    1.2

    -2.8
    -3.1
    -5.0
    -7.4
    -7.4

    Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. National Income and Product Accounts.
    1Gross

    government investment consists of general government and government enterprise expenditures for fixed assets; inventory investment is included in government consumption
    expenditures.

    2Consumption expenditures for durable goods excludes expenditures classified as investment, except for goods transferred to foreign countries by the federal government.
    3Compensation of government employees engaged in new own-account investment and related expenditures for goods and services are classified as investment in structures and in software.
    4Consumption of fixed capital, or depreciation, is included in government consumption expenditures as a partial measure of the value of the services of general government fixed assets; use of

    depreciation assumes a zero net return on these assets.

    SECTION 30: PUBLIC FINANCE

    469

    Table 30-7. Government Consumption Expenditures and Investment, by Type, 19462002Continued


    (Billions of dollars, calendar years, quarterly data are at seasonally adjusted annual rates.)
    FederalContinued
    Nondefense
    Gross investment 1

    Consumption expenditures
    Nondurable goods

    Year
    Total
    Total

    Durable
    goods 2

    Total

    Services

    Commodity
    Credit
    Corporation
    inventory
    charge

    Other
    nondurables

    CompensaConsumption of
    tion of fixed
    employcapital 4
    ees 3

    Other
    services

    Total

    Structures

    Net
    Equipment
    investment
    and
    software

    2002 .................................
    2001 .................................

    246.3
    228.2

    199.9
    184.0

    1.4
    1.3

    9.4
    8.7

    -0.2
    0.8

    9.6
    7.9

    104.3
    95.2

    30.8
    28.7

    54.0
    50.1

    46.4
    44.2

    12.3
    10.4

    34.1
    33.8

    15.6
    15.5

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    214.3
    200.7
    190.1
    185.6
    174.6
    170.9
    165.9
    162.4
    156.0
    142.9

    171.9
    159.6
    153.4
    152.7
    142.9
    141.8
    138.6
    133.4
    128.8
    118.1

    1.2
    1.0
    -0.4
    1.2
    1.1
    0.9
    1.0
    0.5
    0.3
    0.0

    6.4
    6.3
    8.1
    7.9
    6.1
    6.5
    6.6
    6.6
    6.1
    5.2

    0.8
    0.2
    0.1
    -0.1
    -0.4
    -0.2
    -0.5
    -0.3
    -0.6
    0.2

    5.6
    6.1
    8.0
    8.0
    6.5
    6.8
    7.2
    6.9
    6.8
    5.0

    93.6
    86.9
    82.4
    79.1
    76.4
    75.0
    74.3
    72.4
    66.8
    63.2

    26.4
    23.6
    21.0
    19.4
    18.0
    16.8
    15.7
    14.9
    14.2
    13.7

    44.4
    41.9
    42.2
    45.1
    41.3
    42.5
    41.0
    39.0
    41.4
    35.9

    42.4
    41.1
    36.7
    32.9
    31.7
    29.2
    27.3
    28.9
    27.2
    24.8

    10.8
    11.6
    11.2
    9.7
    11.1
    10.8
    10.5
    11.2
    10.3
    9.2

    31.6
    29.4
    25.5
    23.2
    20.5
    18.4
    16.8
    17.7
    16.9
    15.7

    16.0
    17.5
    15.7
    13.5
    13.7
    12.4
    11.6
    14.0
    13.0
    11.1

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    133.6
    119.3
    106.8
    109.3
    106.5
    101.0
    92.8
    92.0
    84.5
    84.0

    111.0
    99.1
    88.2
    89.9
    89.0
    84.1
    77.1
    77.4
    71.7
    71.0

    -0.1
    -0.4
    -0.5
    -0.2
    -0.2
    0.0
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    -0.2

    4.6
    4.8
    -0.9
    6.0
    11.7
    8.2
    5.0
    8.8
    7.3
    9.4

    -1.5
    -0.8
    -7.1
    -0.2
    6.4
    2.2
    -1.8
    2.5
    1.7
    0.9

    6.1
    5.6
    6.2
    6.2
    5.3
    5.9
    6.8
    6.3
    5.7
    8.5

    58.6
    53.3
    50.5
    46.3
    43.9
    43.2
    41.4
    39.5
    37.5
    36.0

    12.7
    11.8
    10.9
    10.1
    9.4
    8.7
    8.0
    7.3
    6.8
    6.1

    35.1
    29.5
    28.1
    27.7
    24.2
    24.1
    22.6
    21.7
    20.0
    19.8

    22.6
    20.3
    18.6
    19.4
    17.5
    16.9
    15.7
    14.5
    12.7
    13.0

    8.0
    6.9
    6.8
    9.0
    8.0
    7.3
    7.0
    6.7
    6.8
    7.7

    14.6
    13.4
    11.7
    10.4
    9.5
    9.6
    8.7
    7.8
    6.0
    5.3

    9.9
    8.5
    7.7
    9.3
    8.1
    8.2
    7.7
    7.2
    5.9
    6.9

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    75.6
    65.0
    59.8
    53.5
    47.4
    44.2
    38.5
    33.9
    32.2
    28.6

    63.6
    54.7
    50.1
    45.5
    40.1
    37.7
    32.9
    29.0
    27.6
    24.4

    -0.4
    -1.0
    -0.8
    -0.7
    -0.6
    -0.4
    -0.5
    -0.5
    -0.3
    -0.2

    5.6
    3.9
    3.9
    3.8
    3.3
    2.7
    2.5
    1.8
    2.3
    2.0

    1.5
    0.0
    0.0
    0.4
    0.2
    0.3
    -0.5
    -0.7
    -0.4
    -0.3

    4.1
    4.0
    3.8
    3.4
    3.1
    2.4
    3.0
    2.5
    2.7
    2.3

    33.7
    29.9
    28.1
    26.1
    22.9
    20.3
    17.8
    15.8
    14.6
    13.2

    5.2
    4.6
    4.0
    3.7
    3.5
    3.3
    2.9
    2.6
    2.4
    2.3

    19.5
    17.4
    14.9
    12.5
    11.0
    11.9
    10.3
    9.3
    8.6
    7.1

    12.0
    10.2
    9.8
    8.0
    7.3
    6.5
    5.6
    4.9
    4.5
    4.2

    7.1
    6.3
    6.1
    5.0
    4.6
    4.1
    3.4
    3.1
    2.7
    2.5

    4.9
    4.0
    3.7
    3.0
    2.7
    2.4
    2.2
    1.8
    1.8
    1.7

    6.8
    5.6
    5.8
    4.3
    3.8
    3.2
    2.7
    2.3
    2.1
    1.9

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    25.5
    23.5
    21.8
    21.0
    20.7
    19.7
    18.0
    15.8
    14.1
    11.3

    21.7
    19.9
    18.0
    16.9
    15.8
    15.0
    13.9
    12.3
    11.2
    8.9

    -0.2
    -0.2
    -0.1
    0.1
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.1
    0.0
    -0.1

    1.9
    2.9
    1.8
    1.1
    0.3
    1.1
    1.0
    1.1
    1.4
    0.3

    -0.4
    0.7
    0.2
    -0.9
    -1.5
    -0.4
    -0.4
    -0.2
    0.3
    -0.8

    2.3
    2.2
    1.7
    2.0
    1.8
    1.5
    1.4
    1.3
    1.1
    1.1

    11.5
    10.0
    9.3
    8.4
    7.8
    7.3
    6.8
    6.3
    5.6
    5.2

    2.1
    1.9
    1.8
    1.6
    1.4
    1.2
    1.0
    0.9
    0.8
    0.7

    6.3
    5.3
    5.1
    5.7
    6.0
    5.3
    4.9
    4.1
    3.4
    2.7

    3.8
    3.6
    3.8
    4.2
    4.9
    4.7
    4.2
    3.5
    2.9
    2.4

    2.1
    1.9
    2.1
    2.2
    2.8
    2.8
    2.5
    2.3
    2.1
    1.9

    1.7
    1.7
    1.7
    1.9
    2.1
    1.9
    1.6
    1.2
    0.8
    0.6

    1.7
    1.7
    2.0
    2.6
    3.5
    3.5
    3.2
    2.6
    2.1
    1.7

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    10.7
    11.4
    8.4
    7.6
    7.4
    7.9
    8.0
    8.4
    6.8
    5.8

    8.7
    9.8
    6.8
    6.2
    6.2
    7.0
    6.8
    7.1
    5.2
    4.2

    -0.1
    -0.1
    -0.1
    -0.1
    -0.1
    -0.1
    -0.1
    -0.1
    0.0
    0.0

    1.0
    3.2
    0.6
    0.7
    0.7
    2.4
    2.2
    2.3
    0.4
    0.1

    0.2
    2.1
    0.3
    -0.1
    0.2
    2.0
    1.9
    2.0
    0.2
    -0.4

    0.9
    1.1
    0.4
    0.8
    0.6
    0.4
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.5

    4.8
    4.3
    4.2
    3.7
    3.4
    3.1
    2.8
    3.0
    3.1
    3.0

    0.7
    0.7
    0.7
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6

    2.3
    1.7
    1.3
    1.4
    1.5
    1.0
    1.3
    1.2
    1.1
    0.5

    2.0
    1.7
    1.6
    1.4
    1.2
    0.9
    1.2
    1.4
    1.6
    1.5

    1.7
    1.5
    1.4
    1.1
    0.9
    0.6
    0.9
    1.1
    1.1
    1.1

    0.3
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.3
    0.2
    0.3
    0.3
    0.5
    0.4

    1.3
    1.0
    0.9
    0.8
    0.6
    0.3
    0.6
    0.8
    1.0
    0.9

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    6.4
    7.8
    5.8
    4.3
    3.6

    4.8
    6.3
    4.8
    3.5
    3.2

    0.0
    0.0
    -0.1
    -0.2
    -0.4

    0.5
    2.1
    0.8
    0.3
    0.3

    0.3
    1.5
    0.3
    0.1
    -0.5

    0.3
    0.6
    0.5
    0.2
    0.8

    3.1
    2.9
    2.6
    2.5
    2.1

    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.5

    0.7
    0.8
    0.9
    0.4
    0.8

    1.6
    1.4
    1.0
    0.8
    0.4

    1.2
    1.1
    0.7
    0.3
    0.0

    0.4
    0.3
    0.4
    0.5
    0.4

    1.0
    0.8
    0.4
    0.2
    -0.1

    Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. National Income and Product Accounts.
    1Gross

    government investment consists of general government and government enterprise expenditures for fixed assets; inventory investment is included in government consumption
    expenditures.

    2Consumption expenditures for durable goods excludes expenditures classified as investment, except for goods transferred to foreign countries by the federal government.
    3Compensation of government employees engaged in new own-account investment and related expenditures for goods and services are classified as investment in structures and in software.
    4Consumption of fixed capital, or depreciation, is included in government consumption expenditures as a partial measure of the value of the services of general government fixed assets; use of

    depreciation assumes a zero net return on these assets.

    470

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 30-7. Government Consumption Expenditures and Investment, by Type, 19462002Continued


    (Billions of dollars, calendar years, quarterly data are at seasonally adjusted annual rates.)
    State and local
    Gross investment 1

    Consumption expenditures
    Services
    Year
    Total
    Total

    Durable
    goods 2

    Nondurable
    goods

    Total

    Compensa- Consumption of
    tion of fixed
    employees 3
    capital 4

    Other
    services

    Total

    Structures

    Equipment
    and
    software

    Net
    investment

    2002 .................................
    2001 .................................

    1 279.2
    1 229.9

    1 034.5
    993.7

    19.4
    18.3

    121.1
    118.7

    894.0
    856.7

    733.8
    700.4

    100.0
    95.4

    60.3
    60.9

    244.7
    236.2

    188.2
    177.6

    56.5
    58.6

    144.7
    140.8

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    1 161.8
    1 076.0
    999.3
    949.7
    890.4
    850.5
    806.8
    765.7
    736.0
    708.1

    937.9
    864.7
    808.3
    766.4
    726.5
    694.7
    662.6
    629.5
    601.6
    576.1

    17.1
    15.9
    14.8
    13.8
    13.1
    12.7
    12.2
    12.1
    11.9
    11.3

    114.0
    94.0
    83.4
    81.7
    79.9
    72.9
    66.7
    62.5
    59.0
    55.9

    806.8
    754.7
    710.1
    670.9
    633.6
    609.0
    583.7
    554.9
    530.8
    508.9

    660.8
    625.2
    597.0
    569.8
    542.3
    523.1
    501.7
    478.9
    456.3
    434.6

    89.5
    82.6
    76.8
    72.4
    68.2
    64.4
    60.0
    56.4
    53.4
    51.2

    56.5
    46.9
    36.2
    28.7
    23.0
    21.5
    22.1
    19.6
    21.0
    23.1

    223.9
    211.3
    191.0
    183.3
    163.8
    155.8
    144.2
    136.2
    134.3
    132.1

    167.4
    158.3
    142.4
    139.3
    122.5
    117.3
    108.7
    104.5
    104.2
    103.2

    56.5
    53.0
    48.6
    44.0
    41.3
    38.6
    35.5
    31.7
    30.1
    28.9

    134.4
    128.7
    114.2
    110.9
    95.6
    91.4
    84.2
    79.8
    80.9
    80.9

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    673.0
    617.7
    574.3
    537.5
    503.6
    464.9
    424.4
    391.5
    371.6
    349.6

    545.8
    503.0
    467.9
    439.0
    410.8
    380.5
    349.5
    325.1
    306.8
    284.6

    10.6
    10.0
    9.2
    8.7
    8.2
    7.4
    6.9
    6.3
    5.9
    5.3

    53.6
    48.0
    42.8
    40.8
    37.6
    38.1
    35.5
    33.2
    32.0
    31.2

    481.5
    444.9
    415.9
    389.5
    365.0
    335.0
    307.1
    285.6
    268.9
    248.1

    411.2
    377.7
    351.3
    326.6
    305.2
    282.7
    259.4
    241.5
    225.9
    208.6

    48.1
    44.4
    41.6
    39.0
    36.2
    33.7
    32.0
    31.2
    30.3
    27.8

    22.2
    22.8
    23.0
    23.9
    23.6
    18.6
    15.7
    12.9
    12.7
    11.7

    127.2
    114.7
    106.3
    98.4
    92.8
    84.4
    75.0
    66.4
    64.8
    65.0

    98.5
    88.7
    84.8
    78.8
    74.2
    67.6
    60.5
    54.2
    54.2
    55.4

    28.7
    26.0
    21.5
    19.6
    18.6
    16.8
    14.4
    12.2
    10.6
    9.5

    79.1
    70.3
    64.7
    59.4
    56.6
    50.7
    43.0
    35.2
    34.5
    37.2

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    324.4
    291.8
    263.8
    239.3
    223.9
    209.0
    184.2
    160.1
    144.4
    133.5

    260.5
    235.0
    214.3
    196.5
    180.1
    165.4
    144.5
    126.9
    113.8
    103.4

    4.7
    4.3
    3.9
    3.6
    3.1
    2.7
    2.2
    1.8
    1.5
    1.3

    28.3
    25.0
    21.8
    20.1
    17.6
    15.4
    12.3
    9.5
    8.4
    7.7

    227.5
    205.7
    188.6
    172.8
    159.3
    147.3
    130.0
    115.5
    104.0
    94.4

    191.5
    173.0
    157.9
    144.1
    132.1
    120.2
    106.7
    97.1
    86.9
    78.4

    24.3
    21.0
    18.8
    17.5
    16.6
    16.0
    14.1
    11.3
    10.2
    9.4

    11.7
    11.6
    11.9
    11.1
    10.6
    11.1
    9.2
    7.1
    6.9
    6.5

    64.0
    56.8
    49.5
    42.8
    43.8
    43.6
    39.6
    33.2
    30.6
    30.1

    55.1
    49.0
    42.8
    36.9
    38.1
    38.1
    34.7
    29.1
    27.1
    27.0

    8.9
    7.8
    6.6
    5.9
    5.7
    5.5
    4.9
    4.1
    3.5
    3.1

    39.7
    35.8
    30.7
    25.3
    27.2
    27.6
    25.5
    21.9
    20.4
    20.7

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    120.7
    108.5
    98.8
    88.6
    79.9
    71.6
    65.3
    59.9
    55.3
    52.0

    92.0
    80.2
    71.1
    63.2
    56.8
    50.8
    46.3
    42.4
    39.4
    37.0

    1.1
    1.0
    0.9
    0.8
    0.7
    0.6
    0.6
    0.5
    0.5
    0.4

    6.5
    5.5
    4.7
    4.2
    3.9
    3.6
    3.3
    3.1
    3.0
    3.0

    84.3
    73.7
    65.5
    58.3
    52.1
    46.5
    42.4
    38.8
    36.0
    33.6

    70.3
    61.9
    55.2
    48.9
    43.5
    38.8
    35.4
    32.3
    29.8
    27.5

    8.4
    7.4
    6.6
    6.0
    5.5
    4.9
    4.5
    4.2
    3.9
    3.7

    5.6
    4.4
    3.7
    3.4
    3.2
    2.8
    2.5
    2.3
    2.2
    2.4

    28.7
    28.3
    27.7
    25.3
    23.1
    20.8
    19.0
    17.5
    15.9
    15.0

    25.8
    25.6
    25.2
    23.0
    21.0
    19.0
    17.2
    16.0
    14.5
    13.8

    3.0
    2.7
    2.4
    2.3
    2.1
    1.9
    1.8
    1.5
    1.3
    1.3

    20.3
    20.9
    21.1
    19.3
    17.6
    15.9
    14.5
    13.3
    12.0
    11.3

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    47.9
    45.1
    42.6
    38.8
    35.1
    31.9
    29.2
    26.4
    24.7
    23.3

    34.0
    31.1
    29.0
    26.2
    23.8
    21.9
    20.0
    18.5
    17.4
    16.3

    0.4
    0.4
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2

    2.8
    2.6
    2.2
    1.8
    1.7
    1.8
    1.6
    1.5
    1.5
    1.6

    30.8
    28.2
    26.5
    24.1
    21.8
    19.8
    18.2
    16.8
    15.6
    14.5

    25.1
    22.7
    21.3
    19.3
    17.4
    15.6
    14.5
    13.1
    12.1
    11.0

    3.5
    3.3
    3.1
    3.0
    2.8
    2.4
    2.2
    2.2
    2.2
    2.0

    2.3
    2.1
    2.1
    1.8
    1.7
    1.8
    1.5
    1.4
    1.4
    1.5

    13.9
    13.9
    13.5
    12.5
    11.3
    10.0
    9.2
    7.9
    7.3
    7.0

    12.7
    12.8
    12.5
    11.5
    10.4
    9.3
    8.5
    7.3
    6.7
    6.4

    1.2
    1.1
    1.1
    1.1
    0.9
    0.8
    0.7
    0.6
    0.6
    0.5

    10.4
    10.6
    10.4
    9.5
    8.5
    7.6
    7.0
    5.7
    5.1
    5.0

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946

    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................

    20.9
    19.2
    16.5
    13.9
    10.8

    15.1
    13.8
    12.5
    11.0
    9.3

    0.2
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1

    1.7
    1.4
    1.2
    1.2
    1.0

    13.2
    12.2
    11.1
    9.7
    8.2

    10.0
    9.3
    8.4
    7.3
    6.2

    1.7
    1.7
    1.7
    1.4
    1.2

    1.6
    1.2
    1.0
    1.0
    0.9

    5.9
    5.3
    4.0
    2.8
    1.6

    5.4
    4.9
    3.6
    2.5
    1.4

    0.5
    0.5
    0.4
    0.3
    0.2

    4.2
    3.6
    2.3
    1.4
    0.4

    Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. National Income and Product Accounts.
    1Gross

    government investment consists of general government and government enterprise expenditures for fixed assets; inventory investment is included in government consumption
    expenditures.

    2Consumption expenditures for durable goods excludes expenditures classified as investment, except for goods transferred to foreign countries by the federal government.
    3Compensation of government employees engaged in new own-account investment and related expenditures for goods and services are classified as investment in structures and in software.
    4Consumption of fixed capital, or depreciation, is included in government consumption expenditures as a partial measure of the value of the services of general government fixed assets; use of

    depreciation assumes a zero net return on these assets.

    SECTION 30: PUBLIC FINANCE

    471

    Table 30-8Series Y 652-670. State and Local Government Revenue, by Source, 19022000
    (Millions of dollars.)
    Revenue from state and local sources, general revenue
    Year

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    Total revenue
    from all sources

    Taxes
    Total general
    revenue

    Total

    Individual income

    Corporation
    income

    Sales and gross


    receipts

    Property

    Charges and
    miscellaneous

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    1 942 328
    1 794 557
    1 720 889
    1 616 495
    1 513 633
    1 417 925
    1 331 442
    1 270 748
    1 185 191
    1 080 862

    1 249 373
    1 163 836
    1 110 714
    1 044 391
    987 930
    940 733
    884 996
    842 977
    793 399
    748 108

    872 351
    815 777
    773 963
    728 304
    689 038
    660 577
    625 527
    594 300
    555 610
    525 355

    211 661
    189 309
    175 630
    159 042
    146 844
    137 931
    128 810
    123 235
    115 170
    109 341

    36 059
    33 922
    34 412
    33 820
    32 009
    31 406
    28 320
    26 417
    23 595
    22 242

    309 290
    290 993
    274 883
    261 418
    248 993
    237 268
    223 628
    209 649
    196 112
    185 570

    249 178
    240 107
    230 150
    218 877
    209 440
    203 451
    197 140
    189 743
    178 536
    167 999

    377 022
    348 060
    336 751
    316 087
    298 892
    280 156
    259 469
    248 677
    237 789
    222 753

    1990 ......................................................

    1 032 115

    712 700

    501 619

    105 640

    23 566

    177 885

    155 613

    211 081

    1980 ......................................................
    1975 ......................................................

    451 537
    264 013

    299 293
    191 137

    223 463
    141 465

    42 080
    21 454

    13 321
    6 642

    79 927
    49 815

    68 499
    51 494

    75 830
    39 668

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    150 106
    132 153
    117 581
    106 581
    97 619
    87 777
    81 455
    74 408
    69 492
    64 531

    108 898
    95 397
    84 083
    75 827
    69 822
    62 971
    58 440
    53 606
    50 381
    46 907

    86 795
    76 712
    67 572
    61 000
    56 647
    51 243
    47 785
    44 014
    41 554
    38 861

    10 812
    8 908
    7 308
    5 826
    4 760
    4 090
    3 791
    3 267
    3 037
    2 613

    3 738
    3 180
    2 518
    2 227
    2 038
    1 929
    1 695
    1 505
    1 308
    1 266

    30 322
    26 519
    22 911
    20 530
    19 085
    17 118
    15 762
    14 446
    13 494
    12 463

    34 054
    30 673
    27 747
    26 047
    24 670
    22 583
    21 241
    19 833
    19 054
    18 002

    22 103
    18 686
    16 511
    14 827
    13 175
    11 729
    10 655
    9 593
    8 827
    8 045

    1960 * ....................................................
    1959 1 ....................................................
    1958 ......................................................
    1957 ......................................................
    1956 ......................................................
    1955 ......................................................
    1954 ......................................................
    1953 ......................................................
    1952 ......................................................

    60 277
    53 972
    49 262
    45 929
    41 692
    37 619
    35 386
    33 411
    31 013

    43 530
    38 929
    36 354
    34 320
    31 332
    27 942
    26 046
    24 437
    22 615

    36 117
    32 379
    30 380
    28 817
    26 368
    23 483
    22 067
    20 908
    19 323

    2 463
    1 994
    1 759
    1 754
    1 538
    1 237
    1 127
    1 065
    998

    1 180
    1 001
    1 018
    984
    890
    744
    778
    817
    846

    11 849
    10 437
    9 829
    9 467
    8 691
    7 643
    7 276
    6 927
    6 357

    16 405
    14 983
    14 047
    12 864
    11 749
    10 735
    9 967
    9 375
    8 652

    7 414
    6 550
    5 974
    5 503
    4 964
    4 459
    3 979
    3 529
    3 292

    1950
    1948
    1946
    1944
    1942

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    25 639
    21 613
    15 983
    14 333
    13 148

    18 425
    15 389
    11 501
    9 954
    9 560

    15 914
    13 342
    10 094
    8 774
    8 528

    788
    543
    422
    342
    276

    593
    592
    447
    451
    272

    5 154
    4 442
    2 986
    2 289
    2 351

    7 349
    6 126
    4 986
    4 604
    4 537

    2 511
    2 047
    1 407
    1 180
    1 031

    1940
    1938
    1936
    1934
    1932

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    11 749
    11 058
    9 360
    8 430
    7 887

    8 664
    8 428
    7 447
    6 662
    7 035

    7 810
    7 605
    6 701
    5 912
    6 164

    224
    218
    153
    80
    74

    156
    165
    113
    49
    79

    1 982
    1 794
    1 484
    1 008
    752

    4 430
    4 440
    4 093
    4 076
    4 487

    854
    823
    746
    750
    871

    1927
    1922
    1913
    1902

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    7 383
    5 169
    2 030
    1 048

    7 155
    4 673
    1 900
    979

    6 087
    4 016
    1 609
    860

    70
    43
    ...
    ...

    92
    58
    ...
    ...

    470
    154
    58
    28

    4 730
    3 321
    1 332
    706

    1 068
    657
    291
    119

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes Alaska.
    *First year for which

    . . . = Not available.

    figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    472

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 30-9Series Y 736-782. State Government Expenditure, by Character and Object and by Function,
    19022000
    (Millions of dollars.)
    Direct expenditure by character and object
    Capital outlay
    Year
    Total

    Current operation
    Total

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    Construction

    Assistance and
    subsidies

    Interest on debt

    Insurance benefits
    and repayments

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    757 027
    693 432
    651 098
    629 620
    607 856
    595 916
    554 293
    528 999
    499 580
    442 264

    523 114
    476 958
    446 440
    425 898
    405 416
    396 035
    370 409
    345 397
    323 830
    287 079

    76 233
    68 509
    64 441
    59 658
    58 915
    57 829
    52 929
    49 776
    50 126
    47 937

    59 681
    53 857
    50 542
    46 991
    46 924
    48 113
    39 604
    39 220
    39 001
    37 647

    22 136
    22 229
    21 515
    21 867
    23 313
    23 511
    23 012
    21 976
    20 784
    18 876

    30 089
    28 582
    27 590
    27 025
    26 167
    25 259
    24 494
    24 800
    25 482
    24 189

    1990 .........................................

    397 291

    258 046

    45 524

    34 803

    16 902

    22 367

    54 452

    318 254

    1980 .........................................
    1975 .........................................

    173 307
    106 905

    108 131
    60 793

    23 325
    17 307

    19 736
    14 443

    9 818
    6 673

    7 052
    3 272

    24 981
    18 860

    121 958
    72 127

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    56 163
    49 448
    44 304
    39 704
    34 195
    31 465
    29 616
    27 698
    25 495
    24 578

    30 971
    27 052
    23 379
    20 201
    16 855
    14 930
    13 492
    12 449
    11 290
    10 384

    13 295
    12 701
    12 210
    11 544
    10 193
    9 307
    8 820
    8 110
    7 214
    6 865

    11 185
    10 610
    10 053
    9 550
    8 287
    7 600
    7 263
    6 717
    5 960
    5 699

    4 387
    3 509
    2 960
    2 665
    2 301
    2 236
    2 175
    2 112
    2 118
    2 044

    1 499
    1 275
    1 128
    1 026
    894
    822
    765
    721
    635
    584

    6 010
    4 911
    4 626
    4 268
    3 952
    4 170
    4 364
    4 306
    4 238
    4 701

    42 008
    39 553
    35 666
    32 472
    29 564
    27 034
    25 041
    23 176
    22 023
    19 993

    1960 * .......................................
    1959 1 .......................................
    1958 .........................................
    1957 .........................................
    1956 .........................................
    1955 .........................................
    1954 .........................................
    1953 .........................................
    1952 .........................................

    22 152
    22 436
    19 991
    16 796
    15 148
    14 371
    13 008
    11 466
    10 790

    9 534
    8 775
    8 161
    7 330
    6 758
    6 234
    5 886
    5 540
    5 173

    6 607
    7 059
    5 946
    5 163
    4 564
    3 992
    3 347
    2 847
    2 658

    5 509
    5 937
    5 022
    4 318
    3 872
    3 404
    2 831
    2 472
    2 323

    2 015
    1 891
    1 813
    1 639
    1 531
    1 482
    1 486
    1 501
    1 402

    536
    453
    396
    351
    311
    251
    193
    162
    144

    3 461
    4 259
    3 675
    2 313
    1 984
    2 411
    2 096
    1 416
    1 413

    18 543
    16 930
    15 394
    13 738
    12 890
    11 198
    9 600
    7 824
    6 874

    1950
    1948
    1946
    1944
    1942

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    10 864
    7 897
    4 974
    3 319
    3 563

    4 450
    3 837
    2 701
    2 134
    1 827

    2 237
    1 456
    368
    330
    642

    1 966
    1 268
    292
    288
    560

    1 891
    1 499
    663
    527
    466

    109
    86
    84
    101
    122

    2 177
    1 020
    1 158
    226
    505

    5 285
    3 676
    2 353
    2 776
    3 257

    1940
    1938
    1936
    1934
    1932

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    3 555
    3 082
    2 445
    2 143
    2 028

    1 570
    1 503
    1 192
    985
    982

    737
    701
    634
    619
    786

    643
    612
    553
    540
    686

    517
    448
    416
    356
    83

    130
    128
    124
    119
    114

    601
    302
    79
    64
    63

    3 590
    3 343
    3 413
    2 248
    2 832

    1927
    1922
    1913
    1902

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    1 451
    1 085
    297
    136

    762
    562
    218
    114

    492
    302
    48
    2

    430
    263
    42
    2

    43
    122
    17
    10

    83
    45
    14
    10

    71
    54
    ...
    ...

    1 971
    1 131
    379
    230

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes Alaska.
    *First year for which

    . . . = Not available.

    figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    105 456
    97 144
    91 113
    95 171
    94 045
    93 282
    83 450
    87 050
    79 359
    64 182

    Outstanding debt
    at end of fiscal
    year

    547 876
    510 486
    483 117
    455 698
    447 339
    427 239
    410 998
    389 721
    371 901
    345 554

    SECTION 30: PUBLIC FINANCE

    473

    Table 30-9Series Y 736-782. State Government Expenditure, by Character and Object and by Function,
    19022000Continued
    (Millions of dollars.)
    Direct expenditure by function
    General expenditure 2
    Year
    Total
    education

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    Total public
    welfare

    Highways

    Hospitals

    Health

    Natural
    resources

    Police

    Financial
    administration and
    general
    control

    Interest on
    general debt

    Utility and
    liquor stores
    expenditure

    Total
    insurance
    expenditure

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    346 465
    318 602
    294 814
    275 821
    263 519
    249 670
    230 791
    221 342
    211 570
    196 648

    74 415
    68 317
    63 620
    60 204
    58 255
    57 374
    53 849
    51 268
    48 747
    47 038

    238 890
    221 167
    207 926
    203 204
    195 731
    194 854
    185 186
    168 421
    156 364
    124 456

    32 578
    29 994
    28 928
    29 313
    29 421
    60 003
    56 577
    53 202
    48 123
    45 878

    42 066
    38 008
    35 067
    33 880
    32 612
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)
    (3)

    9 788
    8 794
    8 038
    7 501
    7 173
    6 451
    6 000
    5 600
    5 489
    5 506

    15 967
    14 482
    13 541
    12 909
    12 862
    12 534
    11 878
    11 212
    10 521
    10 256

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    19 771
    18 456

    30 089
    28 582
    27 590
    27 025
    26 167
    25 259
    24 494
    24 800
    25 482
    24 189

    3 195
    2 967
    2 820
    2 697
    2 593
    2 522
    2 495
    2 558
    2 577
    2 504

    105 456
    97 144
    91 113
    95 172
    94 045
    93 282
    83 450
    87 050
    79 359
    64 182

    1990 .........................................

    187 935

    44 249

    104 971

    22 637

    20 029

    5 166

    9 909

    17 000

    22 367

    2 452

    54 452

    1980 .........................................
    1975 .........................................

    87 939
    54 012

    25 044
    17 483

    44 219
    25 559

    11 015
    6 891

    6 840
    3 267

    2 263
    1 423

    4 346
    3 554

    6 263
    3 288

    7 052
    3 272

    2 206
    1 719

    24 981
    18 860

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    13 780
    12 304
    10 957
    9 384
    7 572
    6 181
    5 465
    4 718
    4 270
    3 792

    11 044
    10 414
    9 819
    9 423
    8 624
    8 214
    7 850
    7 425
    6 635
    6 230

    8 203
    6 464
    5 122
    4 291
    3 138
    2 998
    2 796
    2 712
    2 509
    2 311

    4 002
    3 582
    3 233
    2 857
    2 533
    2 317
    2 127
    2 006
    1 878
    1 799

    786
    676
    599
    501
    433
    384
    337
    324
    283
    260

    688
    585
    516
    441
    385
    348
    315
    297
    276
    261

    2 158
    2 035
    1 954
    1 801
    1 532
    1 343
    1 185
    1 097
    973
    906

    1 720
    1 496
    1 310
    1 175
    1 024
    948
    871
    830
    763
    726

    1 499
    1 275
    1 128
    1 026
    894
    822
    765
    721
    635
    584

    1 404
    1 293
    1 233
    1 187
    1 081
    1 022
    977
    900
    882
    873

    8 010
    4 911
    4 626
    4 268
    3 952
    4 170
    4 364
    4 306
    4 238
    4 701

    1960 * .......................................
    1959 1 .......................................
    1958 .........................................
    1957 .........................................
    1956 .........................................
    1955 .........................................
    1954 .........................................
    1953 .........................................
    1952 .........................................

    3 396
    3 093
    2 728
    2 342
    2 138
    1 905
    1 715
    1 634
    1 494

    6 070
    6 414
    5 507
    4 875
    4 367
    3 899
    3 254
    2 781
    2 556

    2 221
    2 124
    1 944
    1 826
    1 603
    1 600
    1 548
    1 534
    1 410

    1 664
    1 627
    1 549
    1 373
    1 268
    1 145
    1 089
    1 014
    968

    232
    223
    211
    198
    202
    193
    187
    170
    164

    245
    228
    214
    179
    159
    139
    130
    119
    106

    842
    813
    753
    688
    670
    597
    563
    531
    539

    654
    619
    569
    531
    477
    447
    419
    399
    361

    536
    453
    396
    351
    311
    251
    193
    162
    144

    907
    860
    869
    836
    845
    770
    803
    757
    723

    3 461
    4 259
    3 675
    2 313
    1 984
    2 411
    2 096
    1 416
    1 413

    1950
    1948
    1946
    1944
    1942

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    1 358
    1 081
    518
    489
    391

    2 058
    1 510
    613
    540
    790

    1 566
    962
    680
    577
    523

    788
    533
    308
    253
    235

    159
    130
    116
    78
    64

    85
    65
    45
    41
    40

    468
    344
    207
    164
    159

    317
    266
    192
    162
    164

    109
    86
    84
    101
    122

    654
    691
    663
    426
    288

    2 177
    1 020
    1 158
    226
    505

    1940
    1938
    1936
    1934
    1932

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    375
    347
    297
    228
    278

    793
    815
    754
    738
    843

    527
    453
    422
    363
    74

    236
    209
    180
    167
    181

    64
    59
    41
    36
    34

    34
    30
    19
    15
    15

    144
    128
    93
    85
    119

    151
    146
    130
    108
    114

    130
    128
    124
    119
    114

    224
    204
    143
    70
    ...

    601
    302
    97
    64
    63

    1927
    1922
    1913
    1902

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    218
    164
    55
    17

    514
    303
    26
    4

    40
    38
    16
    10

    146
    105
    47
    28

    24
    20
    6
    4

    7
    4
    1
    ...

    94
    61
    14
    9

    96
    69
    38
    23

    83
    45
    14
    10

    ...
    ...
    ...
    2

    71
    54
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Includes Alaska.
    2Through 1970, includes direct expenditure only; after 1970,
    3Health is included with hospitals.
    *First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

    . . . = Not available.

    includes intergovernmental and direct.

    474

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 30-10. Governmental Payrolls, 19462001


    (Millions of dollars, covers full-time and part-time employees, local government data are estimates subject to sampling variation.)
    State and local
    Year

    Federal (civilian) 1

    Total

    Total

    State

    Local

    2001 ............................................................................

    60 632.2

    11 369.8

    49 262.4

    14 136.3

    35 126.1

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    58 166.0
    54 363.0
    51 568.0
    49 406.2
    ...
    47 457.8
    46 236.4
    ...
    ...
    41 237.3

    11 485.0
    10 477.6
    10 115.0
    9 994.5
    ...
    9 744.1
    9 691.8
    ...
    ...
    9 686.8

    46 681.4
    43 886.0
    41 453.0
    39 411.7
    ...
    37 713.6
    36 544.6
    34 539.7
    32 437.1
    31 550.5

    13 279.1
    12 564.7
    11 845.0
    11 413.1
    ...
    10 926.5
    10 666.1
    10 288.2
    9 750.4
    9 437.0

    33 402.3
    31 321.0
    29 608.0
    27 998.6
    ...
    26 787.1
    25 878.4
    24 251.5
    22 686.7
    22 113.4

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    39 228.1
    36 762.9
    34 202.8
    32 668.7
    30 669.6
    28 945.0
    26 904.2
    24 524.4
    23 173.3
    21 192.9

    8 998.8
    8 635.8
    7 975.8
    7 924.2
    7 560.8
    7 580.3
    7 137.3
    6 301.5
    5 959.0
    5 238.6

    30 229.2
    28 127.2
    26 227.0
    24 744.5
    23 108.8
    21 364.7
    19 766.8
    18 222.9
    17 214.3
    15 954.3

    9 083.0
    8 443.0
    7 842.0
    7 262.9
    6 810.4
    6 328.6
    5 814.9
    5 345.5
    5 022.1
    4 667.5

    22 146.2
    19 684.1
    18 384.6
    17 481.6
    16 298.4
    15 036.1
    13 951.9
    12 877.4
    12 192.2
    11 286.8

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    19 935.2
    18 077.0
    16 483.0
    15 338.4
    13 923.7
    13 223.8
    12 085.8
    11 026.9
    9 949.6
    8 910.9

    5 205.1
    4 727.7
    4 343.9
    3 918.4
    3 564.6
    3 583.8
    3 294.3
    3 012.0
    2 709.6
    2 528.7

    14 730.1
    13 349.3
    12 139.1
    11 420.0
    10 359.1
    9 640.1
    8 791.5
    8 014.9
    7 240.0
    6 382.2

    4 284.7
    3 869.3
    3 483.0
    3 194.6
    2 893.7
    2 652.7
    2 409.5
    2 158.2
    1 936.6
    1 741.7

    10 445.4
    9 480.0
    8 656.1
    8 225.4
    7 465.4
    6 987.4
    6 382.0
    5 856.8
    5 303.4
    4 640.5

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    8 334.2
    7 587.6
    6 889.2
    6 055.5
    5 463.0
    4 884.0
    4 572.4
    4 263.5
    3 966.2
    3 633.5

    2 427.9
    2 335.3
    2 137.3
    1 842.3
    1 664.8
    1 483.7
    1 475.2
    1 423.2
    1 346.9
    1 213.6

    5 906.4
    5 252.3
    4 751.9
    4 213.2
    3 798.2
    3 400.3
    3 097.2
    2 840.3
    2 619.3
    2 419.9

    1 612.2
    1 430.5
    1 256.6
    1 105.5
    975.2
    849.2
    761.1
    696.4
    634.6
    586.2

    4 294.2
    3 821.7
    3 495.2
    3 107.7
    2 823.0
    2 551.1
    2 336.1
    2 143.9
    1 984.7
    1 833.7

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    3 332.8
    3 114.4
    2 977.2
    2 533.1
    2 509.4
    2 264.5
    2 103.1
    2 013.6
    1 979.6
    1 865.4

    1 117.8
    1 072.7
    1 091.4
    918.6
    943.7
    845.7
    784.8
    793.1
    855.9
    857.4

    2 215.0
    2 041.7
    1 885.8
    1 614.5
    1 565.7
    1 418.8
    1 318.3
    1 220.5
    1 123.7
    1 008.0

    524.1
    485.4
    446.5
    372.5
    366.5
    325.9
    300.7
    278.6
    260.3
    245.8

    1 690.9
    1 556.3
    1 439.3
    1 242.0
    1 199.2
    1 092.9
    1 017.5
    941.9
    863.4
    762.3

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    1 527.9
    1 406.0
    1 329.0
    1 183.7
    1 155.5

    613.4
    539.2
    533.9
    481.4
    571.5

    914.6
    866.7
    795.1
    702.3
    584.0

    218.4
    209.8
    184.9
    160.8
    128.0

    696.2
    656.9
    610.1
    541.5
    456.0

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States, <http://www.census.gov/statab/www/minihs.html> (accessed March 26, 2004).
    1Includes

    employees outside the United States.


    . . . = Not available.

    SECTION 30: PUBLIC FINANCE

    475

    Table 30-11. State and Local GovernmentsIndebtedness, 19802000


    (Billions of dollars, except as noted; for fiscal year ending in year shown; local government amounts are estimates subject to sampling variation.)
    Debt outstanding
    Total

    2000
    Total
    State
    Local
    1999
    Total
    State
    Local
    1998
    Total
    State
    Local
    1997
    Total
    State
    Local
    1996
    Total
    State
    Local
    1995
    Total
    State
    Local
    1994
    Total
    State
    Local
    1993
    Total
    State
    Local
    1990
    Total
    State
    Local
    1985
    Total
    State
    Local
    1980
    Total
    State
    Local

    Per capita
    (dollars) 1

    Long-term debt

    Long-term
    Short-term
    Local schools 2

    Utilities

    Net long-term

    Debt issued

    Debt retired

    All other

    ..................................................
    ..................................................
    ..................................................

    1 451.8
    547.9
    903.9

    5 159
    1 951
    3 212

    197.7
    18.7
    179.0

    200.1
    17.9
    182.2

    1 029.8
    505.0
    524.8

    24.3
    6.4
    17.9

    959.6
    266.9
    692.7

    184.8
    75.0
    109.8

    121.9
    44.4
    77.5

    ..................................................
    ..................................................
    ..................................................

    1 369.3
    510.5
    858.8

    5 021
    1 876
    3 149

    180.7
    15.4
    165.3

    194.9
    16.7
    178.3

    975.7
    475.8
    500.0

    17.8
    2.7
    15.2

    907.3
    249.4
    657.9

    229.4
    83.2
    146.2

    153.1
    55.6
    97.5

    ..................................................
    ..................................................
    ..................................................

    1 283.6
    483.1
    800.4

    4 750
    1 791
    2 962

    159.2
    13.6
    145.5

    182.8
    16.7
    166.1

    924.3
    450.6
    473.8

    17.3
    2.2
    15.1

    842.6
    237.2
    605.4

    204.4
    83.4
    120.9

    144.6
    58.1
    86.5

    ..................................................
    ..................................................
    ..................................................

    1 224.5
    456.7
    767.9

    4 573
    1 709
    2 867

    139.0
    11.7
    127.3

    179.1
    16.0
    163.1

    889.8
    426.8
    463.0

    16.6
    2.1
    14.5

    797.7
    222.7
    575.1

    151.3
    54.4
    96.8

    109.3
    41.1
    68.2

    ..................................................
    ..................................................
    ..................................................

    1 169.7
    452.4
    717.3

    4 411
    1 709
    2 705

    130.7
    11.2
    119.5

    170.3
    16.3
    154.0

    868.8
    424.9
    443.8

    24.0
    5.8
    18.2

    890.2
    224.4
    665.7

    141.1
    60.2
    80.9

    106.5
    42.4
    64.1

    ..................................................
    ..................................................
    ..................................................

    1 115.3
    427.2
    688.1

    4 244
    1 629
    2 619

    118.2
    11.3
    107.0

    163.9
    17.0
    146.9

    756.0
    345.0
    411.0

    27.0
    6.1
    20.9

    835.3
    205.3
    629.9

    129.3
    52.6
    76.8

    95.1
    37.5
    57.6

    ..................................................
    ..................................................
    ..................................................

    1 074.7
    411.0
    663.7

    4 129
    1 582
    2 550

    143.5
    10.4
    86.2

    164.9
    16.7
    148.2

    438.0
    162.0
    276.0

    26.7
    4.9
    21.8

    672.8
    200.8
    472.0

    207.8
    78.5
    129.3

    166.6
    61.3
    105.3

    ..................................................
    ..................................................
    ..................................................

    1 016.2
    389.7
    628.0

    3 943
    1 515
    2 437

    89.2
    9.4
    79.8

    157.6
    14.8
    142.7

    746.8
    361.7
    385.2

    22.6
    3.9
    18.9

    617.1
    176.9
    440.2

    195.0
    77.1
    118.4

    146.3
    60.7
    86.3

    ..................................................
    ..................................................
    ..................................................

    860.6
    318.3
    542.3

    3 459
    1 282
    2 180

    60.4
    4.4
    56.0

    134.8
    12.3
    122.4

    646.1
    298.8
    347.4

    19.3
    2.8
    16.5

    477.0
    125.5
    351.5

    108.5
    43.5
    65.0

    64.8
    22.9
    42.0

    ..................................................
    ..................................................
    ..................................................

    568.6
    211.9
    356.7

    2 390
    893
    1 499

    43.8
    6.7
    37.1

    90.8
    8.6
    82.2

    414.5
    193.8
    220.6

    19.6
    2.8
    16.8

    430.5
    110.4
    320.1

    101.2
    41.7
    59.5

    43.5
    16.4
    27.2

    ..................................................
    ..................................................
    ..................................................

    335.6
    122.0
    213.6

    1 481
    540
    943

    32.3
    3.8
    28.5

    55.2
    4.6
    50.6

    235.0
    111.5
    123.5

    13.1
    2.1
    11.0

    262.9
    79.8
    183.1

    42.4
    16.4
    25.9

    17.4
    5.7
    11.7

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 19801990, State and Local Government Finance Estimates, annual; thereafter, <http://www.census.gov/govs/www/estimate.html> (accessed March 26, 2004).
    11980 and 1990 based on enumerated resident population as of April
    2Includes debt for education activities other than higher education.

    1; other years based on estimated resident population as of July 1.

    476

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 30-12. Federal Grants-in-Aid to State and Local Governments, 19802003


    (Percent, except as noted; for fiscal year ending in year shown; minus sign (-) indicates decrease.)
    Current dollars

    Constant (1996) dollars

    Grants to individuals
    Year

    Grants, total Annual percent


    (million dollars)
    change 1

    Total (million
    dollars)

    Grants as percent of

    Percent of total
    grants

    Total grants
    Annual percent
    State/local
    Federal outlays Gross domestic (billion dollars)
    change 1
    government
    product
    expenditures 2

    2003, est. ...............................................


    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    384 245
    351 550
    317 211

    9.3
    10.8
    11.4

    247 182
    227 373
    203 920

    64.3
    64.7
    64.3

    ...
    33.8
    31.7

    18.0
    17.5
    17.0

    3.6
    3.4
    3.2

    333.7
    312.2
    284.9

    6.9
    9.6
    8.5

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    284 659
    267 081
    246 128
    234 160
    227 811
    224 991
    210 596
    193 612
    178 065

    6.6
    8.5
    5.1
    2.8
    1.3
    6.8
    8.8
    8.7
    15.2

    182 592
    172 384
    160 305
    148 236
    146 493
    144 427
    134 153
    124 155
    112 522

    64.1
    64.5
    65.1
    63.3
    64.3
    64.2
    63.7
    64.1
    63.2

    30.6
    31.2
    30.3
    30.2
    30.8
    31.5
    30.9
    29.6
    28.7

    15.9
    15.7
    14.9
    14.6
    14.6
    14.8
    14.4
    13.7
    12.9

    2.9
    2.9
    2.8
    2.9
    3.0
    3.1
    3.0
    3.0
    2.9

    262.5
    253.4
    237.6
    229.2
    227.8
    229.8
    220.7
    207.3
    195.4

    3.6
    6.6
    3.7
    0.6
    -0.9
    4.1
    6.5
    6.1
    12.6

    1990 ......................................................
    1985 ......................................................

    135 325
    105 852

    11.0
    8.5

    77 264
    50 059

    57.1
    47.3

    25.2
    29.6

    10.8
    11.2

    2.4
    2.6

    157.9
    147.0

    6.6
    4.9

    1980 ......................................................

    91 385

    9.6

    32 619

    35.7

    39.9

    15.5

    3.3

    168.5

    -1.3

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Average annual percent change from prior year shown. For 1980, change from 1979, for
    2Expenditures from own sources as defined in the national income and product accounts.

    1985, from 1984, and 1990, from 1989.

    . . . = Not available.

    Table 30-13. Income and Apportionment of State-Administered Lottery Funds, 19922002


    (Thousands of dollars, for fiscal years.)
    Year

    Income 1

    Prizes

    Administration

    Proceeds available from ticket


    sales

    2002 ............................................................................
    2001 ............................................................................

    39 440 744
    35 889 344

    23 988 946
    21 607 061

    2 756 926
    2 343 391

    12 694 872
    11 938 892

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992

    35 018 114
    33 857 944
    33 298 952
    33 521 207
    31 713 277
    29 799 014
    26 588 320
    23 452 977
    19 733 008

    20 701 436
    19 581 326
    19 207 486
    19 300 270
    18 692 622
    17 368 295
    15 296 376
    13 274 023
    10 744 035

    2 235 452
    2 010 455
    1 927 327
    1 877 276
    1 767 188
    1 690 050
    1 542 857
    1 403 977
    1 192 076

    12 081 226
    12 266 163
    12 164 139
    12 343 661
    11 253 467
    10 740 669
    9 749 087
    8 774 977
    7 796 897

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. State Government Finances, <http://www.census.gov/govs/www/state.html> (accessed March 26, 2004).
    1Ticket

    sales excluding commissions.

    SECTION

    31

    NATIONAL DEFENSE

    478

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SECTION 31

    NATIONAL DEFENSE
    Highlights
    Defense Spending as a Percent of GDP, 19452002
    40

    Percent

    30

    20

    10

    0
    1945

    1950

    1955

    1960

    1965

    1970

    1975

    1980

    1985

    1990

    1995

    2002

    Year

    The Department of War (now the Department of


    Defense) was established in 1789. The Navy started
    functioning in 1794, and a separate Navy Department
    was authorized and organized in 1798. The Department
    of the Air Force was set up in 1947 under the National
    Security Act. The Marine Corps was founded in 1775,
    disbanded in 1783, and reactivated in 1794. In 1794,
    under George Washington, the defense force of the new
    republic consisted of an army of 3,813 persons (including 235 officers) and a Navy of 1,856 persons (including
    150 officers). The total military budget was $2.639 million for the Army and $61,000 for the Navy.

    The federal defense budget reached $348.6 billion


    in 2002, up from $48.1 billion in 1960. As a percentage
    of GDP, the defense budget declined from 9.3 percent
    in 1960 to 3.4 percent in 2002. Military downsizing led
    to a substantial reduction in personnel, from 3,693,000

    in 1990 to 2,811,000 in 2002. As of 1999, the United


    States accounts for 33 percent of military expenditures
    throughout the world.

    The United States is a major arms exporter. In


    2001, it sold $29.2 billion worth of arms to various countries, more than half of all sales worldwide.

    In 2001, 254,788 U.S. military personnel were on


    active military duty abroad, including 11,704 in Italy,
    37,605 in Korea, 70,998 in Germany, and 40,217 in
    Japan.

    The number of veterans in 2002 was 25.346 million,


    of which war veterans numbered 20.153 million.

    SECTION 31: NATIONAL DEFENSE

    479

    Table 31-1Series Y 856-903. Selected Characteristics of the Armed Forces, by War


    (Thousands, except as noted; for Revolutionary War, number of personnel serving not known, but estimates range from 184,000 to 250,000; for
    War of 1812, 286,730 served; for Mexican War, 78,718 served. Dates of the major conflicts may differ from those specified in various laws
    providing benefits for veterans.)
    Item

    Spanish-American
    War

    Civil War 1

    Personnel serving 2 ............................................


    Average duration of service (months) ................
    Service abroad: Personnel serving (percent) .....
    Average duration (months) 8 ..............................
    Casualties: 9
    Battle deaths 2 ................................................
    Wounds not mortal 2 .......................................
    Draftees:
    Classified ........................................................
    Examined .......................................................
    Rejected .........................................................
    Inducted .........................................................

    World War I

    World War II
    316

    Korean
    45

    113
    33
    73
    16

    Vietnam

    2 213
    20
    ...
    ...

    307
    8
    629
    2

    4 735
    12
    53
    6

    140
    282

    (Z)
    2

    53
    204

    292
    671

    34
    103

    777
    522
    160
    46

    X
    X
    X
    X

    24 234
    3 764
    803
    2 820

    36 677
    17 955
    6 420
    10 022

    9 123
    3 685
    1 189
    1 560

    58

    720
    19
    756
    13

    Persian Gulf War


    744
    23
    ...
    ...

    2 233
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1047
    10153

    (Z)
    (Z)

    575
    58
    53
    51

    717
    611
    880
    759

    X
    X
    X
    X

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003.
    1Union forces only. Estimates of the number serving in Confederate forces range from 600,000 to
    2Source U.S. Department of Defense, Selected Manpower Statistics, FY 1988, annual.
    3Covers Dec. 1, 1941 to Dec. 31, 1946.
    4Covers June 25, 1950 to July 27, 1953.
    5Covers Aug. 4, 1964 to Jan. 27, 1973.
    6Army and Marines only.
    7Excludes Navy. Covers July 1950 through Jan. 1955. Far East area only.
    8During hostilities only.
    9For periods covered, see footnotes 3, 4, and 5.
    10Covers Jan. 1, 1961 to Jan. 27, 1973. Includes known military service personnel who have died

    1.5 million.

    from combat-related wounds.

    . . . = Not available.
    X = Not applicable.
    Z = Fewer than 500.

    Table 31-2. Military Personnel on Active Duty, by Location, 19802002


    (Thousands, as of September 30.)
    Item

    Shore-based 1

    Total

    Afloat 2

    United States 3

    Foreign countries

    2002 ............................................................................
    2001 ............................................................................

    1 412
    1 385

    1 262
    1 244

    150
    141

    1 182
    1 130

    230
    255

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................
    ............................................................................

    1 384
    1 386
    1 407
    1 439
    1 472
    1 518
    1 611
    1 705
    1 807
    1 986

    1 237
    1 241
    1 267
    1 294
    1 317
    1 351
    1 431
    1 505
    1 589
    1 743

    147
    145
    140
    145
    155
    167
    180
    200
    218
    243

    1 127
    1 133
    1 147
    1 211
    1 231
    1 280
    1 324
    1 397
    1 463
    1 539

    258
    253
    260
    227
    240
    238
    287
    308
    344
    448

    1990 ............................................................................
    1989 ............................................................................
    1985 ............................................................................

    2 044
    2 130
    2 151

    1 794
    1 884
    1 920

    252
    246
    231

    1 437
    1 620
    1 636

    609
    510
    516

    1980 ............................................................................

    2 051

    1 840

    211

    1 562

    488

    Source: U.S. Department of Defense, Selected Manpower Statistics, annual.


    1Includes
    2Includes
    3Includes

    Navy personnel temporarily on shore.


    Marine Corps.
    outlying areas.

    480

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 31-3. Department of Defense Manpower, 19502002


    (Thousands; for the year ending September 30; includes National Guard, Reserve, and retired regular personnel on extended or continuous
    active duty; excludes Coast Guard; other officer candidates are included under enlisted personnel.)
    Navy 3

    Army
    Year

    Marine corps

    Air Force

    Total 1,2
    Total

    White

    Black Officers Enlisted Total

    White

    Black Officers Enlisted Total

    White

    Black Officers Enlisted Total

    White

    Black Officers Enlisted

    2002 .........
    2001 .........

    1 414
    1 385

    487
    481

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    78
    76

    404
    400

    385
    378

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    55
    54

    326
    320

    174
    173

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    18
    18

    155
    155

    368
    354

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    72
    69

    292
    280

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........

    1 384
    1 386
    1 407
    1 439
    1 472
    1 518
    1 610
    1 705
    1 807
    1 986

    482
    479
    484
    492
    491
    509
    541
    572
    610
    711

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    322
    344
    365
    388
    452

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    137
    147
    158
    173
    204

    77
    77
    78
    79
    81
    83
    85
    88
    95
    104

    401
    398
    401
    408
    407
    422
    452
    480
    511
    603

    373
    373
    382
    396
    417
    435
    469
    510
    542
    570

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    326
    355
    390
    415
    439

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    75
    78
    84
    88
    92

    54
    54
    55
    56
    57
    59
    62
    66
    69
    71

    315
    315
    323
    335
    355
    372
    403
    439
    468
    495

    173
    173
    173
    174
    175
    175
    174
    178
    185
    194

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    130
    131
    134
    138
    144

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    28
    28
    30
    32
    36

    18
    18
    18
    18
    18
    18
    18
    18
    19
    20

    155
    155
    155
    156
    157
    157
    156
    160
    165
    174

    356
    361
    368
    377
    389
    400
    426
    444
    470
    510

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    318
    341
    357
    377
    409

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    58
    62
    65
    70
    77

    69
    70
    72
    74
    76
    78
    81
    84
    90
    97

    282
    286
    292
    299
    309
    318
    341
    356
    376
    409

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........

    2 044
    2 130
    2 138
    2 174
    2 169
    2 151
    2 138
    2 123
    2 109
    2 083

    732
    770
    772
    781
    781
    781
    780
    780
    780
    781

    466
    497
    507
    519
    524
    523
    520
    512
    504
    502

    213
    218
    213
    212
    210
    211
    215
    220
    230
    232

    104
    107
    107
    108
    110
    110
    108
    106
    103
    102

    624
    658
    660
    668
    667
    667
    668
    669
    673
    675

    579
    593
    593
    587
    581
    571
    565
    558
    553
    540

    446
    461
    466
    467
    464
    459
    455
    462
    450
    443

    93
    91
    85
    81
    75
    70
    67
    66
    62
    58

    72
    72
    72
    72
    72
    71
    69
    68
    67
    65

    503
    516
    516
    510
    504
    495
    491
    485
    481
    470

    197
    197
    197
    200
    199
    198
    196
    194
    192
    191

    145
    146
    147
    150
    151
    152
    153
    152
    149
    145

    38
    38
    38
    38
    38
    37
    36
    37
    38
    39

    20
    20
    20
    20
    20
    20
    20
    20
    19
    18

    177
    177
    177
    179
    179
    178
    176
    174
    173
    172

    535
    571
    576
    607
    608
    602
    597
    592
    583
    570

    428
    458
    462
    489
    491
    488
    486
    483
    476
    468

    82
    87
    88
    92
    92
    90
    89
    88
    87
    83

    100
    104
    105
    107
    109
    108
    106
    105
    102
    99

    431
    463
    467
    495
    495
    489
    486
    483
    476
    467

    1980
    1979
    1978
    1977
    1976
    1975
    1974
    1973
    1972
    1971

    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........

    2 051
    2 027
    2 062
    2 075
    2 082
    2 128
    2 162
    2 252
    2 322
    2 713

    777
    759
    772
    782
    779
    784
    783
    801
    811
    1 124

    503
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    229
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    99
    97
    98
    98
    99
    103
    106
    116
    121
    149

    674
    657
    670
    680
    678
    678
    674
    682
    687
    972

    527
    523
    530
    530
    525
    535
    546
    564
    587
    622

    436
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    55
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    63
    62
    63
    63
    64
    66
    67
    71
    73
    75

    460
    457
    463
    462
    458
    466
    475
    490
    511
    542

    188
    185
    191
    192
    192
    196
    189
    196
    198
    212

    142
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    39
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    18
    18
    18
    19
    19
    19
    19
    19
    20
    22

    170
    167
    172
    173
    174
    177
    170
    177
    178
    191

    558
    559
    570
    571
    585
    613
    644
    691
    726
    755

    460
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    80
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    98
    96
    95
    96
    100
    105
    110
    115
    122
    126

    456
    459
    470
    470
    481
    503
    529
    572
    600
    625

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965

    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........
    .........

    3 065
    3 458
    3 546
    3 375
    3 092
    2 654

    1 323
    1 512
    1 570
    1 442
    1 200
    969

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    167
    173
    166
    144
    118
    112

    1 153
    1 337
    1 402
    1 297
    1 080
    855

    691
    774
    764
    750
    743
    670

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    81
    85
    85
    82
    80
    78

    606
    684
    674
    664
    659
    588

    260
    310
    307
    285
    262
    190

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    25
    26
    25
    24
    21
    17

    235
    284
    283
    262
    241
    173

    791
    862
    905
    897
    887
    825

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    130
    135
    140
    135
    131
    132

    657
    723
    762
    759
    753
    690

    1960 .........
    1955 .........

    2 475
    2 935

    873
    1 109

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    101
    122

    770
    986

    617
    661

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    70
    75

    545
    583

    171
    205

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    16
    18

    154
    187

    815
    960

    ...
    ...

    ...
    ...

    130
    137

    683
    823

    1950 .........

    1 459

    593

    ...

    ...

    73

    519

    381

    ...

    ...

    45

    333

    74

    ...

    ...

    67

    411

    ...

    ...

    57

    354

    Source: U.S. Department of Defense, Selected Manpower Statistics, annual.


    1Beginning 1980, excludes Navy Reserve personnel on active duty for Training and Administration of Reserves (TARS).
    2Includes Cadets and other not shown separately.
    3Prior to 1980, includes Navy Reserve personnel on active duty for Training and Administration of Reserves (TARS).

    . . . = Not available.

    From 1969, the full-time Guard and Reserve.

    SECTION 31: NATIONAL DEFENSE

    481

    Table 31-4. Veterans and Active Duty Military Personnel, 19002002


    (Thousands, for fiscal year ending in year shown.)
    Active duty military personnel
    Year

    Veterans
    Total

    Army

    Navy

    Marine Corps

    Air Force

    2002 ......................................................
    2001 ......................................................

    25 618
    25 349

    1 414.0
    1 385.0

    487.0
    481.0

    385.0
    378.0

    174.0
    173.0

    368.0
    354.0

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    25 752
    24 803
    25 188
    25 551
    25 881
    26 198
    26 503
    26 789
    26 980
    27 152

    1 384.3
    1 385.7
    1 406.8
    1 438.6
    1 471.7
    1 518.0
    1 610.0
    1 705.0
    1 807.0
    1 986.0

    482.2
    479.4
    483.8
    491.7
    491.1
    509.0
    541.0
    572.0
    610.0
    711.0

    373.2
    373.0
    382.3
    395.6
    416.7
    435.0
    469.0
    510.0
    542.0
    570.0

    173.3
    172.6
    173.1
    173.9
    174.9
    175.0
    174.0
    178.0
    185.0
    194.0

    355.7
    360.6
    367.5
    377.4
    389.0
    400.0
    426.0
    444.0
    470.0
    510.0

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    27 320
    27 497
    27 650
    27 803
    27 946
    28 075
    28 207
    28 316
    28 432
    28 519

    2 044.0
    2 130.2
    2 138.2
    2 174.2
    2 169.1
    2 151.0
    2 138.2
    2 123.3
    2 108.6
    2 082.6

    732.0
    769.7
    771.8
    780.8
    781.0
    780.8
    780.2
    779.6
    780.4
    781.4

    579.0
    592.7
    592.6
    586.8
    581.1
    570.7
    564.6
    557.6
    553.0
    540.2

    197.0
    197.0
    197.4
    199.5
    198.8
    198.0
    196.2
    194.1
    192.4
    190.6

    535.0
    570.9
    576.4
    607.0
    608.2
    301.5
    597.1
    592.0
    582.8
    570.3

    1980 ......................................................
    1979 ......................................................
    1978 ......................................................
    1977 ......................................................
    TQ 1 .......................................................
    1976 ......................................................
    1975 ......................................................
    1974 ......................................................
    1973 ......................................................
    1972 ......................................................
    1971 ......................................................

    28 640
    28 605
    28 546
    28 526
    28 447
    28 405
    28 281
    28 218
    28 125
    27 956
    27 523

    2 050.6
    2 026.9
    2 061.7
    2 074.5
    ...
    2 081.9
    2 128.1
    2 162.0
    2 251.9
    2 322.0
    2 713.0

    777.0
    758.9
    771.6
    782.2
    ...
    779.4
    784.3
    783.3
    801.0
    811.0
    1 123.8

    527.2
    523.3
    529.6
    529.9
    ...
    524.7
    535.1
    545.9
    563.7
    586.9
    621.6

    188.5
    185.2
    190.8
    191.7
    ...
    192.4
    196.0
    188.8
    196.1
    198.2
    212.4

    558.0
    559.5
    569.7
    570.7
    ...
    585.4
    612.8
    644.0
    691.2
    725.8
    755.3

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    26 976
    26 925
    26 273
    25 805
    25 534
    21 834
    22 013
    22 166
    22 275
    22 403

    3 064.8
    3 458.1
    3 546.1
    3 375.5
    3 092.2
    2 653.9
    2 685.8
    2 698.9
    2 805.6
    2 482.9

    1 322.5
    1 512.2
    1 570.3
    1 442.5
    1 199.8
    969.1
    973.2
    975.9
    1 066.4
    858.6

    691.1
    773.8
    763.6
    750.2
    743.3
    670.0
    666.0
    663.9
    664.2
    626.2

    259.7
    309.8
    307.3
    285.3
    261.3
    190.2
    189.8
    189.7
    191.0
    176.9

    791.3
    862.4
    904.8
    897.5
    887.4
    824.7
    856.8
    869.4
    884.0
    821.2

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    22 534
    22 666
    22 727
    22 634
    22 372
    21 861
    20 951
    20 196
    19 338
    18 919

    2 475.4
    2 503.6
    2 599.5
    2 794.8
    2 806.4
    2 935.1
    3 302.1
    3 555.1
    3 635.9
    3 249.4

    873.1
    862.0
    898.9
    998.0
    1 025.8
    1 109.3
    1 404.6
    1 533.8
    1 596.4
    1 531.8

    617.0
    625.7
    639.9
    676.1
    669.9
    660.7
    725.7
    794.4
    824.3
    736.6

    170.6
    175.6
    189.5
    200.9
    200.8
    205.2
    223.9
    249.2
    232.0
    192.6

    814.8
    840.4
    871.2
    919.8
    910.0
    959.9
    947.9
    977.6
    983.3
    788.4

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    19 077
    18 945
    18 745
    18 262
    16 655
    6 498
    5 689
    5 002
    4 485
    4 337

    1 459.5
    1 613.7
    1 444.3
    1 582.1
    3 024.9
    12 055.9
    11 451.7
    9 044.7
    3 858.8
    1 801.1

    593.2
    660.5
    554.0
    685.5
    1 435.5
    8 266.4
    7 994.8
    6 994.5
    3 075.6
    1 462.3

    380.7
    447.9
    417.5
    497.8
    978.2
    3 319.6
    2 981.4
    1 741.8
    640.6
    284.4

    74.3
    86.0
    85.0
    93.1
    155.7
    469.9
    475.6
    308.5
    142.6
    54.4

    411.3
    419.3
    387.7
    305.8
    455.5
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4 286
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    4 494
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    458.4
    334.5
    322.9
    311.8
    291.4
    251.8
    247.1
    243.8
    244.9
    252.6

    269.0
    189.8
    185.5
    180.0
    167.8
    139.5
    138.5
    136.5
    135.0
    140.5

    161.0
    152.2
    119.1
    113.6
    106.3
    95.1
    92.3
    91.2
    93.4
    93.3

    28.3
    19.4
    18.4
    18.2
    17.2
    17.3
    16.4
    16.1
    16.6
    18.8

    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States, <http://www.census.gov/statab/www/minihs.html> (accessed March 26, 2004).
    1Fiscal years through 1976 are from July 1 through June 30. Beginning with October 1976 (fiscal year 1977), fiscal years are from October 1 through September 30. The period from July 1
    through September 30, 1976 is a separate fiscal period known as the transition quarter (TQ) and not included in any fiscal year.
    . . . = Not available.
    X = Not applicable.

    482

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 31-4. Veterans and Active Duty Military Personnel, 19002002Continued


    (Thousands, for fiscal year ending in year shown.)
    Active duty military personnel
    Year

    Veterans
    Total

    Army

    Navy

    Marine Corps

    Air Force

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    4 680
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    4 894
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    255.6
    255.0
    250.9
    248.9
    247.4
    251.8
    261.2
    247.0
    270.2
    386.5

    139.4
    139.1
    136.1
    134.8
    134.9
    137.0
    142.7
    133.2
    148.8
    230.7

    96.9
    97.1
    95.8
    94.9
    93.3
    95.2
    98.2
    94.1
    100.2
    132.8

    19.4
    18.8
    19.0
    19.2
    19.2
    19.5
    20.3
    19.7
    21.2
    23.0

    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    5 146
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    773
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    343.3
    1 172.6
    2 897.2
    643.8
    179.4
    174.1
    165.9
    154.9
    153.2
    144.8

    204.3
    851.6
    2 395.7
    421.5
    108.4
    106.8
    98.5
    92.8
    92.1
    84.0

    121.8
    272.1
    448.6
    194.6
    60.4
    57.1
    57.0
    52.2
    51.4
    51.2

    17.2
    48.8
    52.8
    27.7
    10.6
    10.3
    10.4
    10.0
    9.7
    9.6

    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................
    ......................................................

    977
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    1 192
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    139.3
    142.2
    128.5
    108.4
    112.2
    108.3
    110.1
    106.0
    111.1
    112.3

    81.3
    85.0
    76.9
    64.2
    68.9
    67.5
    70.4
    69.6
    81.3
    85.6

    48.5
    47.5
    42.3
    36.1
    35.1
    33.8
    32.2
    29.8
    23.6
    20.9

    9.6
    9.7
    9.2
    8.1
    8.2
    7.0
    7.6
    6.7
    6.2
    5.9

    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X
    X

    1900 ......................................................

    1 224

    125.9

    101.7

    18.8

    5.4

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States, <http://www.census.gov/statab/www/minihs.html> (accessed March 26, 2004).
    . . . = Not available.
    X = Not applicable.

    SECTION 31: NATIONAL DEFENSE

    483

    Table 31-5. National Defense Outlays and Veterans Benefits, 19002002


    (For year ending September 30; includes outlays of Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, and other agencies for activities
    primarily related to national defense and veterans programs; minus sign (-) indicates decline.)
    Annual percent change 1

    National defense and veterans outlays (billion dollars)

    Defense outlays, percent of

    Defense outlays

    Year
    Total outlays

    Current dollars

    Constant (1996)
    dollars

    Veterans
    outlays

    Total outlays

    Defense outlays

    Veterans
    outlays

    Federal outlays

    Gross domestic
    product 2

    2002 .........................................
    2001 .........................................

    399.5
    354.4

    348.6
    308.5

    307.6
    275.9

    51.0
    45.8

    12.7
    3.7

    13.0
    4.8

    11.4
    -2.8

    17.3
    16.4

    3.4
    3.0

    2000
    1999
    1998
    1997
    1996
    1995
    1994
    1993
    1992
    1991

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    341.6
    320.2
    310.2
    309.8
    302.7
    310.0
    319.2
    326.8
    332.4
    304.6

    294.5
    274.9
    268.5
    270.5
    265.8
    272.1
    281.6
    291.1
    298.4
    273.3

    270.9
    260.5
    259.9
    265.3
    265.8
    281.8
    297.9
    314.1
    327.0
    309.3

    47.1
    43.2
    41.8
    39.3
    37.0
    37.9
    37.6
    35.7
    34.1
    31.3

    6.7
    3.2
    0.1
    2.3
    -2.3
    -2.9
    -2.3
    -1.7
    9.1
    -7.2

    7.1
    2.4
    -0.8
    1.8
    -2.3
    -3.4
    -3.2
    -2.4
    9.2
    -8.7

    9.0
    3.4
    6.3
    6.3
    -2.4
    0.8
    5.4
    4.7
    8.8
    7.7

    16.6
    16.1
    16.2
    16.9
    17.0
    17.9
    19.3
    20.7
    21.6
    20.6

    3.0
    3.0
    3.1
    3.3
    3.5
    3.7
    4.1
    4.4
    4.8
    4.6

    1990
    1989
    1988
    1987
    1986
    1985
    1984
    1983
    1982
    1981

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    328.4
    333.6
    319.7
    308.7
    299.7
    279.0
    253.0
    234.7
    209.2
    180.5

    299.3
    303.6
    290.4
    282.0
    273.4
    252.7
    227.4
    209.9
    185.3
    157.5

    354.3
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    329.9
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    29.1
    30.0
    29.4
    26.8
    26.3
    26.3
    25.6
    24.8
    23.9
    23.0

    -1.6
    4.3
    3.6
    3.0
    7.4
    10.3
    7.8
    12.2
    15.9
    16.3

    -1.4
    4.5
    3.0
    3.2
    8.2
    11.1
    8.3
    13.3
    17.6
    17.6

    -3.2
    2.2
    9.9
    1.6
    0.2
    2.6
    3.1
    3.7
    4.2
    8.5

    23.9
    26.5
    27.3
    28.1
    27.6
    26.7
    26.7
    26.0
    24.8
    23.2

    5.2
    5.6
    5.8
    6.1
    6.2
    6.2
    6.0
    6.1
    5.8
    5.2

    1980 .........................................
    1979 .........................................
    1978 .........................................
    1977 .........................................
    TQ 3 ..........................................
    1976 .........................................
    1975 .........................................
    1974 .........................................
    1973 .........................................
    1972 .........................................
    1971 .........................................

    155.2
    136.3
    123.5
    115.3
    26.2
    108.0
    103.1
    92.7
    88.7
    89.9
    88.6

    134.0
    116.3
    104.5
    97.2
    22.3
    89.6
    86.5
    79.3
    76.7
    79.2
    78.9

    244.7
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    239.5
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    21.2
    19.9
    19.0
    18.0
    4.0
    18.4
    16.6
    13.4
    12.0
    10.7
    9.8

    13.9
    10.4
    7.1
    339.4
    -75.7
    4.8
    11.2
    4.6
    -1.3
    1.4
    -1.9

    15.2
    11.3
    7.5
    336.7
    -75.2
    3.6
    9.0
    3.5
    -3.1
    0.4
    -3.5

    6.3
    5.0
    5.2
    355.1
    -78.5
    11.1
    24.0
    11.4
    12.0
    9.7
    12.7

    22.7
    23.1
    22.8
    23.8
    23.2
    24.1
    26.0
    29.5
    31.2
    34.3
    37.5

    4.9
    4.7
    4.7
    4.9
    4.9
    5.2
    5.5
    5.5
    5.9
    6.7
    7.3

    1970
    1969
    1968
    1967
    1966
    1965
    1964
    1963
    1962
    1961

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    90.4
    90.1
    89.0
    78.2
    64.0
    56.3
    60.4
    58.9
    58.0
    55.3

    81.7
    82.5
    81.9
    71.4
    58.1
    50.6
    54.8
    53.4
    52.3
    49.6

    336.6
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    267.7
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    8.7
    7.6
    7.0
    6.7
    5.9
    5.7
    5.7
    5.5
    5.6
    5.7

    0.3
    1.3
    13.8
    22.1
    13.7
    -6.8
    2.6
    1.6
    4.8
    3.2

    -1.0
    0.7
    14.7
    22.9
    14.8
    -7.6
    2.5
    2.0
    5.5
    3.1

    13.6
    8.5
    4.4
    13.8
    3.5
    0.7
    2.9
    -1.9
    -1.5
    4.9

    41.8
    44.9
    46.0
    45.4
    43.2
    42.8
    46.2
    48.0
    49.0
    50.8

    8.1
    8.7
    9.4
    8.8
    7.7
    7.4
    8.6
    8.9
    9.2
    9.3

    1960
    1959
    1958
    1957
    1956
    1955
    1954
    1953
    1952
    1951

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    53.6
    54.5
    52.2
    50.4
    47.4
    47.4
    53.9
    57.3
    51.4
    29.1

    48.1
    49.0
    46.8
    45.4
    42.5
    42.7
    49.3
    52.8
    46.1
    23.6

    280.3
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    5.4
    5.4
    5.4
    5.0
    4.9
    4.7
    4.6
    4.5
    5.3
    5.5

    -1.6
    4.4
    3.4
    6.4
    0.0
    -12.0
    -6.0
    11.5
    76.8
    29.0

    -1.8
    4.7
    3.0
    6.8
    -0.5
    -13.3
    -6.7
    14.6
    95.6
    71.7

    0.0
    1.7
    6.9
    2.3
    4.6
    1.3
    2.1
    -15.4
    -3.3
    -37.4

    52.2
    53.2
    56.8
    59.3
    60.2
    62.4
    69.5
    69.4
    68.1
    51.8

    9.3
    10.0
    10.2
    10.1
    9.9
    10.8
    13.0
    14.2
    13.2
    7.3

    1950
    1949
    1948
    1947
    1946
    1945
    1944
    1943
    1942
    1941

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    22.6
    19.7
    15.6
    19.2
    45.1
    83.1
    79.0
    67.0
    26.2
    7.0

    13.7
    13.2
    9.1
    12.8
    42.7
    83.0
    79.1
    66.7
    25.7
    6.4

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    8.8
    6.6
    6.5
    6.3
    2.5
    0.1
    -0.1
    0.3
    0.5
    0.6

    14.2
    26.9
    -18.7
    -57.6
    -45.7
    5.1
    18.0
    156.0
    274.0
    213.7

    4.4
    44.4
    -28.9
    -70.0
    -48.6
    4.8
    18.7
    160.0
    298.7
    287.7

    33.9
    2.2
    1.8
    157.4
    2 140.9
    -187.3
    -145.7
    -44.9
    -10.5
    -1.8

    32.2
    33.9
    30.6
    37.1
    77.3
    89.5
    86.7
    84.9
    73.0
    47.1

    5.0
    4.8
    3.5
    5.5
    19.1
    37.5
    37.9
    37.1
    17.8
    5.6

    1940
    1939
    1938
    1937
    1936
    1935
    1934
    1933
    1932
    1931

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    2.2
    1.9
    1.8
    1.8
    1.7
    1.5
    1.2
    1.6
    1.6
    1.6

    1.7
    1.4
    1.2
    1.2
    1.1
    0.9
    0.7
    0.8
    0.8
    0.8

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.5
    0.8
    0.8
    0.7

    16.0
    5.5
    3.3
    2.1
    16.6
    23.2
    -23.2
    -3.6
    4.4
    5.1

    21.3
    10.3
    4.7
    3.3
    24.1
    31.0
    -10.0
    -6.0
    -0.7
    0.1

    2.7
    -4.6
    0.4
    -0.2
    4.2
    12.2
    -36.4
    -1.1
    10.5
    11.7

    17.5
    15.5
    18.3
    15.3
    13.6
    14.2
    10.6
    17.0
    17.9
    23.5

    1.7
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States, <http://www.census.gov/statab/www/minihs.html> (accessed March 26, 2004).
    1Change from prior year shown; for 1960, change from 1955.
    2Represents fiscal year GDP.
    3Fiscal years through 1976 are from July 1 through June 30. Beginning

    with October 1976 (fiscal year 1977), fiscal years are from October 1 through September 30. The period from July 1
    through September 30, 1976 is a separate fiscal period known as the transition quarter (TQ) and not included in any fiscal year.
    . . . = Not available.

    484

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Table 31-5. National Defense Outlays and Veterans Benefits, 19002002Continued


    (For year ending September 30; includes outlays of Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, and other agencies for activities
    primarily related to national defense and veterans programs; minus sign (-) indicates decline.)
    Annual percent change 1

    National defense and veterans outlays (billion dollars)

    Defense outlays, percent of

    Defense outlays

    Year
    Total outlays

    Current dollars

    Constant (1996)
    dollars

    Veterans
    outlays

    Total outlays

    Defense outlays

    Veterans
    outlays

    Federal outlays

    Gross domestic
    product 2

    1930
    1929
    1928
    1927
    1926
    1925
    1924
    1923
    1922
    1921

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    1.5
    1.4
    1.4
    1.3
    1.3
    1.3
    1.3
    1.5
    1.7
    2.4

    0.8
    0.8
    0.7
    0.7
    0.7
    0.7
    0.7
    0.7
    0.9
    1.8

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.6
    0.7
    0.7
    0.7

    4.0
    4.7
    3.9
    0.1
    -1.5
    -0.9
    -8.9
    -12.2
    -31.0
    -15.1

    6.1
    7.9
    6.4
    1.7
    -5.6
    4.0
    -5.6
    -21.9
    -47.2
    -25.0

    1.3
    1.0
    1.0
    -1.5
    3.5
    -6.2
    -12.2
    0.0
    13.0
    32.0

    25.3
    25.3
    24.7
    24.1
    23.1
    24.5
    23.7
    23.3
    28.4
    34.9

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1920
    1919
    1918
    1917
    1916
    1915
    1914
    1913
    1912
    1911

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    2.9
    11.5
    6.4
    0.8
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5

    2.4
    11.0
    6.1
    0.6
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.3

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    0.5
    0.5
    0.3
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2

    -75.2
    79.6
    714.6
    56.0
    -2.6
    -2.1
    2.0
    7.6
    -0.4
    0.2

    -78.6
    79.1
    895.6
    83.2
    -2.0
    -1.2
    3.8
    4.9
    0.8
    1.3

    -1.0
    91.4
    54.1
    1.1
    -3.6
    -3.9
    -1.2
    13.0
    -2.6
    -1.8

    37.1
    59.5
    48.5
    31.6
    47.3
    46.1
    48.0
    46.9
    46.3
    45.9

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1910
    1909
    1908
    1907
    1906
    1905
    1904
    1903
    1902
    1901

    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................
    .........................................

    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.4
    0.3
    0.3
    0.4

    0.3
    0.3
    0.3
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.3
    0.2
    0.2
    0.2

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    0.2
    0.2
    0.2
    0.1
    0.1
    0.2
    0.2
    0.1
    0.1
    0.1

    0.6
    5.1
    15.7
    -0.5
    0.4
    -5.8
    20.3
    6.6
    -7.3
    4.4

    1.6
    4.8
    19.0
    -0.4
    1.7
    -9.1
    33.2
    11.8
    -12.2
    7.5

    -1.1
    5.6
    10.1
    -0.6
    -1.6
    0.1
    2.5
    0.3
    -0.5
    0.3

    45.1
    44.4
    44.6
    42.6
    43.5
    42.9
    45.9
    38.9
    37.1
    39.1

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    1900 .........................................

    0.3

    0.2

    ...

    0.1

    ...

    ...

    ...

    36.6

    ...

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States, <http://www.census.gov/statab/www/minihs.html> (accessed March 26, 2004).
    1Change from prior year shown;
    2Represents fiscal year GDP.

    . . . = Not available.

    for 1960, change from 1955.

    INDEX

    INDEX
    AIRCRAFT
    Airports, aircraft, pilots, and miles flown, 320
    Manufacturing
    shipments of aircraft, 295
    AIRLINES
    Accidents, 319
    U.S. scheduled airline industry, 318
    AIR POLLUTION
    National air pollutant emissions, 2, 11
    AIRPORTS
    Aircraft, pilots, and miles flown, 320
    Top 40 airports, passengers enplaned, 321
    ALABAMA
    Gross State Product, 144
    Personal income, 152
    Population, by race, 32
    ALASKA
    Gross State Product, 144
    Personal income, 152
    Population, by race, 32
    ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
    Consumption of selected beverages, 106
    Electronic shopping and mail-order houses, 367
    Wholesale trade, 365
    ALIENS
    Deportation
    formal removals and voluntary departures of aliens,
    59
    AMUSEMENT PARKS
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    APPAREL
    Wholesale trade, 365
    APPLIANCE STORES
    Sales by kind of business, 364
    ARIZONA
    Gross State Product, 144
    Personal income, 152
    Population, by race, 32
    ARKANSAS
    Gross State Product, 144
    Personal income, 152
    Population, by race, 32
    ARMED FORCES
    Active duty military personnel, 481
    Defense spending as a percent of GDP, 478
    Department of Defense manpower, 480
    Military personnel on active duty, by war, 479
    Outlays and veterans benefits, 483
    Selected characteristics of the armed forces, by war,
    479
    Veterans, number of, 481
    Veterans benefits and outlays, 483
    ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT, RECREATION, AND
    TRAVEL
    Highlights, 220

    A
    ABORTIONS
    Number and rate by race, 101
    ACCIDENTS
    Airlines, 319
    Motor vehicle accidents, number of deaths, 311
    Railroads, 304
    Transportation accidents, deaths, and injuries, 304
    ACQUISITIONS
    Corporate mergers and acquisitions, 391
    ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT
    Service-related industries, 366
    AGE
    AIDS cases reported by patient characteristic, 100
    Birth rates of unmarried women ages 15-44, by age of
    mother, 69
    Death rates
    number of deaths and age-adjusted death rates, by
    race and sex, 74
    Drug use by type of drug and age, 99
    Homeownership rates, by age of householder, 280
    Marriage and divorce
    history for people 15 years and over, by age and sex,
    80
    Population
    annual estimates of the population, by age, 24
    marital status of the population, by age and sex, 28
    median age of population, by race and sex, 27
    Smoking by sex, age, and race, 97
    AGENTS, BROKERS, AND COMMISSION
    MERCHANTS
    Wholesale trade, 365
    AGRICULTURE
    Acreages of harvested crops by use, 242
    Balance sheet of the farming sector business, 235
    Consumer expenditures
    farm food products, 240
    Cooperatives, 234
    Exports
    value of agricultural exports and imports, 246
    Farm income and expenses, 236
    Farms and land in farms, by size of farms, 230, 233
    Gross farm product summary, 244
    Highlights, 230
    Imports
    value of agricultural exports and imports, 246
    Marketing and purchasing cooperatives
    memberships and business, 234
    Value added to the economy by the agricultural
    sector, 245
    Value of agricultural exports and imports, 246
    AIDS
    Cases reported by patient characteristic, 100
    Number of cases, reported by sex, 84

    487

    488

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    National parks, monuments, and allied areas


    areas in acres and visits, 223
    Personal consumption expenditures for recreation,
    226
    Service-related industries, 366
    State parks
    acreage, expenditures, and attendance, 225
    Travel to and from foreign countries, 220, 227
    ASSAULT
    Crimes and rates by type, 205
    ASSETS
    Corporations, 393
    Household assets, 413
    Money stock, 415
    Mutual funds, 422
    AUDIO AND VIDEO
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    AUTOMOBILE REPAIR
    Persons engaged in selected services, 362
    AUTO THEFT
    Crimes and rates by type, 205

    B
    BANKS AND BANKING
    Financial markets and institutions generally, 410
    Money stock
    currency, deposits, bank vault cash and gold, 415
    BEER AND WINE
    Consumption of selected beverages, 106
    Electronic shopping and mail-order houses, 367
    Wholesale trade, 365
    BENEFITS
    Government transfer payments to individuals, 180
    Private pension plans, 184
    Summary of payments, 182
    Veterans benefits, 180, 483
    BEVERAGES
    Food and nutrition
    consumption of beverages by type and per capita,
    104, 106
    BIRTHS
    Birth rates
    total and fertility rate for women 15-44, by race, 66
    unmarried women ages 15-44, by age of mother, 69
    Expectation of life at birth, by race and sex, 70
    Fertility rates, by race, 66, 68
    Fetal deaths
    neonatal, infant, and maternal mortality rates, by
    race, 72
    Highlights, 62
    Live births and deaths, 64
    Population
    components of population change, 47
    BOATS AND BOATING
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    BONDS AND STOCKS
    Interest-bearing public debt of the federal
    government, 465
    Market value and volume of sales, 421
    Yields, 419

    BONE GRAFTS
    Number of procedures and centers, 102
    BOOKS AND MAPS
    Electronic shopping and mail-order houses, 367
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    Revenues, printing expenses, and inventories, 343
    BOTTLED WATER
    Consumption of selected beverages, 106
    BUDGETS
    Federal budget summary, 458
    BUILDING MATERIALS
    Sales by kind of business, 364
    BURGLARY
    Crimes and rates by type, 205
    BUSES
    Class I intercity carriers of passengers, 316
    Public transit equipment, 317
    BUSINESS CYCLES
    Expansions and contractions, 394
    BUSINESS ENTERPRISE
    Business cycle expansions and contractions, 394
    Composite indexes of leading, coincident, and lagging
    economic indicators, 394
    Corporations
    asset, liability, income, deduction, tax and profit
    items, 393
    dividends paid, 393
    number, receipts, and profit, 389
    Establishments, employees, and payroll by
    employment-size class, 395
    Firm births and deaths by employment size of
    enterprise, 390
    Highlights, 386
    Net income by type of business, 388
    Partnerships
    number, receipts, and profit, 389
    Patents filed and issued, 386, 402
    Proprietorships
    number, receipts, and profit, 389
    Recorded mergers and acquisitions, 391
    Returns and receipts, 388
    Small Business Administration loans, 395
    BUSINESS SERVICES
    Persons engaged in selected services, 362
    BUTTER
    Per capita consumption of foods, 171

    C
    CALCIUM
    Consumption of selected nutrients, 105
    CALIFORNIA
    Gross State Product, 144
    Personal income, 152
    Population, by race, 33
    CALORIES
    Consumption of selected nutrients, 105
    CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
    Prisoners executed under civil authority, by race, 216
    CARBOHYDRATES
    Consumption of selected nutrients, 105

    INDEX
    CASSETTES
    Recording media
    manufacturers shipments and value, 337
    CD-ROMs
    Electronic shopping and mail-order houses, 367
    Recording media
    manufacturers shipments and value, 337
    CENSUS
    Population, 14
    CHEESE
    Per capita consumption of foods, 172
    CHEMICAL SUPPLY
    Wholesale trade, 365
    CHICKENS
    Farming balance sheet, 235
    Per capita consumption of foods, 172
    CHOLESTEROL
    Consumption of selected nutrients, 105
    CIGARETTES
    Smoking by sex, age, and race, 97
    CITIES
    Population of major U.S. cities, 48
    CLASSROOMS
    Student/teacher ratios, 193
    CLOTHING AND SHOES
    Electronic shopping and mail-order houses, 367
    Personal consumption expenditures, 170
    Sales, net profit, and profit per dollar, 363
    Sales by kind of business, 364
    Wholesale trade, 365
    COAL
    Consumption by electric utilities, 349
    Energy supply and disposition, 353
    COCAINE
    Drug use by type of drug and age, 99
    Federal drug seizures, 207
    COFFEE
    Consumption of selected beverages, 106
    Per capita consumption of foods, 172
    COINCIDENT ECONOMIC INDICATORS
    Composite indexes, 394
    COLLEGES
    Board rates, 200
    Degrees conferred by sex, 198
    Dormitory fees, 200
    Enrollment by sex, 186, 191
    Enrollment generally, 190
    Expenditures, 191
    Fees and charges, 200
    Student/teacher ratios, 193
    Summary of higher education, 197
    Tuition fees, 200
    COLORADO
    Gross State Product, 144
    Personal income, 152
    Population, by race, 33
    COMMUNICATIONS
    Book publishing revenues, expenses, and inventories,
    343

    489

    Computers
    households with computers and Internet access,
    332, 344
    Database revenues, 342
    Directory publisher revenues, 342
    Highlights, 332
    Newspaper revenues, 342
    Periodical revenues, 342
    Postal Service
    post offices, revenues, expenditures, and pieces of
    mail handled, 338
    rates for first-class mail, letters, and postal cards, 342
    volume of mail and employees, 341
    Printing expenses, 342
    Publishing revenues, expenses, and inventories, 342
    Radio and television
    sets produced and households with sets, 335
    Recording media
    manufacturers shipments and value, 337
    Telephone systems, 343
    COMPOSITE INDEXES
    Leading, coincident, and lagging economic indicators,
    394
    COMPUTERS AND EQUIPMENT
    Electronic shopping and mail-order houses, 367
    Percentage of households with computers and
    Internet access, 332, 344
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES
    Bills, acts, and resolutions
    measures introduced and passed, 446, 448
    vetoed bills, 450
    Campaign finances
    PAC contributions, 443
    receipts and disbursements, 444
    Composition of Congress by political party affiliation
    by state, 452
    House of Representatives
    apportionment of membership by state, 451
    Members of Congress, selected characteristics, 453
    Political party affiliation in Congress, 440
    Treaties concluded by the United States, 455
    CONNECTICUT
    Gross State Product, 144
    Personal income, 152
    Population, by race, 33
    CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING
    Contracts
    value of construction contracts awarded, 277
    Cost indexes, 279
    Highlights, 272
    Homeownership rates, by age of householder, 280
    Inventories
    total housing inventory, 274
    Low-rent public housing units, 281
    Mean age of stocks of residential structures, 283
    Median sales price of new privately-owned one-family
    houses sold, 279
    Mobile home shipments, 281

    490

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Mortgages
    residential nonfarm mortgage debt outstanding, 286
    Occupied housing units and tenure of home, 284
    Price indexes, 279
    Residential structures
    mean age, 283
    value of gross and net stocks, 282
    Total housing inventory, 274
    Vacancy rates for housing units, 285
    Value of construction contracts awarded, 277
    Value of construction put in place, 272, 275
    Value of gross and net stocks of residential structures,
    282
    CONSUMER CREDIT
    Debt outstanding and finance rates, 424
    CONSUMER DURABLE GOODS
    Chain-type quantity indexes, 164
    Current-cost net stock, 163
    CONSUMER INCOME AND EXPENDITURES
    Consumer Price Indexes
    major groups, 178
    Consumption
    apparent civilian per capita consumption of foods,
    171
    personal consumption expenditures by major type
    of product, 170
    Families
    number and median money income, 169
    shares of aggregate income received by households,
    176
    total money income, 175
    Farm products, 240
    Food consumption
    apparent civilian per capita consumption of foods,
    171
    per capita food consumption by selected products,
    168
    Highlights, 166
    Median income, 167
    Purchasing power of the dollar, 177
    Unrelated individuals
    number and median money income, 169
    CONSUMER PRICE INDEXES
    Annual change in the CPI, 137
    Major groups, 178
    Purchasing power of the dollar, 177
    CONSUMPTION
    Apparent civilian per capita consumption of foods,
    171
    Government consumption expenditures and
    investment by type, 468
    Metal and mineral imports as percent of apparent
    consumption, 265
    Personal consumption expenditures by major type of
    product, 170
    Personal consumption expenditures for recreation,
    226
    CONTRACTS
    Construction and housing
    value of construction contracts awarded, 277

    CONTRIBUTION RATES
    Social Security, 182
    CONVENIENCE STORES
    Number and sales by type, 369
    Sales, net profit, and profit per dollar, 363
    Sales by type of business, 364
    Wholesale trade, 365
    COOPERATIVES
    Agricultural cooperatives, 234
    Farming balance sheet, 235
    COPYRIGHTS
    Registrations, by type, 400
    CORPORATIONS
    Assets, 393
    Business cycles, 394
    Deductions, 393
    Dividends, 393
    Firm births and deaths, 390
    Income, 393
    Liabilities, 393
    Manufacturing
    sales, profits, and stockbrokers equity, 293
    Mergers and acquisitions, 391
    National income, 149
    Number, receipts, and profit, 389
    Retail trade corporations, 363
    Returns, receipts, and net income, 388
    Taxation, 393
    CORRUPTION
    Federal prosecutions of public corruption, 217
    COST INDEXES
    Construction and housing, 279
    COSTS
    Motor vehicles
    average cost of owning and operating an
    automobile, 313
    COUNTRIES
    Immigration
    immigrants, by country, 52
    COURTS
    Juvenile courts
    cases handled, 213
    U.S. District Courts
    civil and criminal cases, 212
    U.S. Supreme Court
    cases filed and disposed of, 211, 456
    CRACK
    Drug use by type of drug and age, 99
    Federal drug seizures, 207
    CREDIT
    Consumer credit outstanding and finance rates, 424
    CRIME RATES
    Crimes and crime rates by type, 202, 205
    CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
    Expenditures
    public expenditures, by level of government, 210
    CROPS
    Acreages of harvested crops by use, 242
    Farm income and expenses, 236
    Farming balance sheet, 235

    INDEX
    Gross farm product summary, 244
    CRUDE PETROLEUM
    Energy supply and disposition, 353
    Exports, 356
    Imports, 356
    Prices, 266, 355
    Production, value, and proved reserves, 262, 267
    Wholesale trade, 365
    CURRENCY
    Deposits, bank vault cash and gold, 415
    CYCLONES
    Tornadoes, floods, and tropical cyclones, 8

    D
    DATABASES
    Revenues, printing expenses, and inventories, 342
    DEATH PENALTY
    Prisoners executed under civil authority, by race, 216
    DEATHS
    Death rates
    number of deaths and age-adjusted death rates, by
    race and sex, 74
    Live births and deaths, 64
    Motor vehicle deaths and death rates, 310
    Population
    components of population change, 47
    Transportation
    motor vehicle deaths and death rates, 310
    transportation accidents, deaths, and injuries, 304
    DEBT
    Consumer credit outstanding, 424
    Gross federal debt outstanding, 467
    Household financial obligations and delinquency
    rates, 413
    Interest-bearing public debt of the federal
    government, 465
    Mortgage debt outstanding, 423
    State and local government indebtedness, 475
    DEDUCTIONS
    Corporations, 393
    DEFENSE
    Active duty military personnel, 481
    Department of Defense manpower, 480
    Military personnel on active duty, by location, 479
    Outlays and veterans benefits, 483
    Selected characteristics of the armed forces, by war,
    479
    Spending as a percent of GDP, 478
    Veterans, number of, 481
    Veterans benefits and outlays, 483
    DEGREES
    Institutions of higher education, degrees conferred by
    sex, 198
    DELAWARE
    Gross State Product, 144
    Personal income, 152
    Population, by race, 33
    DENTAL SCHOOLS
    Number, 89

    491

    DENTISTS
    Health expenditures, 87
    Number, 89
    DEPARTMENT STORES
    Sales, net profit, and profit per dollar, 363
    Sales by kind of business, 364
    DEPORTATION
    Aliens
    formal removals and voluntary departures of aliens,
    59
    DEPOSITS
    Money stock, 415
    DIESEL FUEL
    Domestic motor fuel consumption, by type of vehicle,
    313
    Motor fuel usage consumption, 307
    DIRECTORY PUBLISHERS
    Revenues, printing expenses, and inventories, 342
    DISABILITY BENEFITS
    Government transfer payments to individuals, 180
    Trust funds, 183
    DISTILLED SPIRITS
    Consumption of selected beverages, 106
    Wholesale trade, 365
    DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICES
    Electronic shopping
    total and e-commerce sales by merchandise line, 367
    Highlights, 360
    Mail-order houses
    total and e-commerce sales by merchandise line, 367
    Persons engaged in distribution and selected service
    industries, 362
    Persons engaged in wholesale and retail trade
    industries, 360
    Retail food stores
    number and sales by type, 369
    Retail trade and food services
    estimated per capita sales by selected kinds of
    business, 368
    sales by kind of business, 364
    Retail trade corporations
    sales, net profit, and profit per dollar of sales, 363
    Service-related industries
    establishments, employees, and payroll by industry,
    366
    Wholesale trade
    establishments, sales, payroll, and employees by
    kind of business, 365
    DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
    Gross State Product, 144
    Personal income, 152
    Population, by race, 34
    DIVIDENDS
    Corporations, 393
    DIVORCE
    Highlights, 76
    Marital history for people 15 years and over, by age
    and sex, 80
    Numbers, 77

    492

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Percent reaching stated anniversary by marriage


    cohort and sex
    first and second marriages, 81
    Rate, 76, 79
    DROPOUTS
    High school dropout rate, 196
    DRUGS AND DRUGGISTS
    Wholesale trade, 365
    DRUG USE
    Federal drug seizures, by type of drug, 207
    Rate of use by type of drug and age, 99
    DURABLE GOODS
    Chain-type quantity indexes, 164
    Current-cost net stock, 163
    Gross Domestic Product in manufacturing, 290
    Personal consumption expenditures, 170
    DVD-ROMs
    Electronic shopping and mail-order houses, 367
    Recording media
    manufacturers shipments and value, 337

    E
    EARNINGS
    Average annual earnings of employees, 121
    Mineral industries workers, 269
    Minimum wage rates, 126
    Production workers in manufacturing, 122, 294
    Social Security, 182
    Transportation
    employee employment and earnings, 303
    ECONOMIC INDICATORS
    Leading, coincident, and lagging economic indicators,
    394
    EDUCATION AND LEARNING
    Board rates, 200
    Charges and fees for institutions of higher education,
    200
    College enrollment by sex, 186
    Degrees conferred by sex, 198
    Dormitory charges, 200
    Dropouts by race and Hispanic origin, 196
    Educational attainment by race, Hispanic origin, and
    sex, 192
    Enrollment by sex and level, 191
    Enrollment generally, 190
    Expenditures by type of control and level of
    instruction, 191
    Higher education summary, 197
    Highlights, 186
    High school graduates, 194
    Preprimary school enrollment, 192
    Student/teacher ratios, 193
    Summary of higher education, 197
    Teachers
    numbers of teachers, 193
    Tuition fees, 200
    EDUCATION LOANS AND ASSISTANCE
    Government transfer payments to individuals, 180
    EGGS
    Per capita consumption of foods, 172

    ELECTIONS
    Congress
    political party affiliation, 440
    Congressional campaign finances
    receipts and disbursements, 444
    Electoral and popular vote cast for President, by
    political party, 432
    Financial activities
    political party financial activity, by major political
    party, 442
    Highlights, 430
    Political action committees
    contributions to Congressional campaigns, 443
    number, by committee type, 443
    Popular vote cast for president, by state and political
    party, 436
    Presidency
    political party affiliation, 440
    State legislatures
    political party control, 442
    Voting-age population
    percent reporting registered, and voted, 430, 439
    ELECTRIC UTILITIES
    Consumption of fuel, 349, 350
    Prices, 357
    Sales and average prices, by end-use sector, 357
    ELECTRONIC SHOPPING
    Total and e-commerce sales by merchandise line, 367
    ELECTRONICS STORES
    Sales by kind of business, 364
    ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
    Enrollment by sex and level, 191
    Enrollment generally, 190
    Expenditures, 191
    Student/teacher ratios, 193
    EMPLOYMENT
    Average annual earnings of employees, 121
    Earnings and hours of production workers in
    manufacturing, 122
    Employment status of the civilian population by sex
    and race, 129
    Federal minimum wages rates, 126
    Governmental employment, 454
    Highlights, 110
    Labor force and employment by super sector, 119
    Labor force status of the population, 113
    Labor union membership as a percent of total
    employment, 123
    Marital status of women in the civilian labor force,
    128
    Mineral industries, 269
    Productivity-output per hour, 134
    Self-employed workers, by industry and occupation,
    127
    Social Security
    covered employment, earnings, and contribution
    rates, 182
    Transportation
    employee employment and earnings, 303
    Unemployment, 114

    INDEX
    Unemployment rates by industry, NAICS based, 117
    Unemployment rates by industry, SIC based, 118
    Unemployment rates by sex and race in the civilian
    labor force, 116
    Work injury frequency rates in manufacturing and
    mining, 125
    Work stoppages, workers involved, and days idle, 124
    ENERGY
    Consumption by end-use sector, 354
    Consumption of fuels by electric utilities, 349, 350
    Crude oil and refined products
    summary, 356
    Electric utility sales and average prices, by end-use
    sector, 357
    Estimated renewable energy consumption, end-use
    sectors, 346, 351
    Gas utility industry
    customers, sales, and revenues, by type of service,
    352
    Highlights, 346
    Nuclear power plants
    number, capacity, and generation, 354
    Overview, 348
    Personal consumption expenditures, 170
    Prices, 355
    Renewable energy consumption, 351
    Supply and disposition, by type of fuel, 353
    EXECUTIONS
    Prisoners executed under civil authority, by race, 216
    EXPENDITURES
    Colleges, 191
    Congressional campaign finances, 444
    Criminal justice system
    public expenditures, by level of government, 210
    Defense outlays and veterans benefits, 483
    Elementary schools, 191
    Farms
    consumer expenditures, 240
    farm expenditures, 236
    Federal budget summary, 458-462
    Government consumption expenditures and
    investment by type, 468
    Health
    hospital expenses and personnel, 95
    hospital expenses per patient day, 94
    national expenditures, by source of funds, 88
    personal expenditures, by source of funds, 88
    total expenditures, by type of service, 87
    High schools, 191
    Law enforcement, courts, and prisons
    public expenditures, by level of government, 210
    Middle schools, 191
    National defense outlays and veterans benefits, 483
    Political action committees, 443
    Postal Service, 338
    Publishers, 342, 343
    Recreation
    personal consumption expenditures, 226
    Research and development, 398, 407
    Science and technology, 406

    493

    State government expenditure, by character and


    object, 472
    State parks, 225
    EXPORTS
    Agriculture
    value of agricultural exports and imports, 246
    Crude petroleum, 356
    Fish and fisheries, 258
    U.S. exports of goods and services, 375
    U.S. income receipts and payments, 375
    Value of exports, 380
    EYEGLASSES
    Health expenditures, 87

    F
    FAMILIES
    Income
    number and median money income, 169
    shares of aggregate income received by households,
    176
    total money income, 175
    FARMS
    Acreages of harvested crops by use, 242
    Balance sheet of the farming sector business, 235
    Consumer expenditures on farm food products, 240
    Cooperatives, 234
    Gross farm product summary, 244
    Highlights, 230
    Income and expenses, 236
    Size and number of farms, 230, 233
    Taxation, 239
    Value added to the economy by agricultural sector,
    245
    Value of agricultural exports and imports, 246
    FARM SUPPLY
    Wholesale trade, 365
    FATS
    Consumption of selected nutrients, 105
    Per capita consumption of foods, 171
    FERTILITY RATES
    Total and fertility rate for women 15-44, by race, 66
    FETAL DEATHS
    Neonatal, infant, and maternal mortality rates, by
    race, 72
    FINANCE RATES
    Consumer credit outstanding and finance rates, 424
    FINANCIAL MARKETS AND INSTITUTIONS
    Bond and stock yields, 419
    Consumer credit
    debt outstanding and finance rates, 424
    Household assets, financial obligations, and
    delinquency rates, 413
    Life insurance
    companies and insurance in force, by type, 425
    Money market rates, 417
    Money stock
    currency, deposits, bank vault cash and gold, 415
    Mortgage debt outstanding, 423
    Mutual funds
    net assets, sales, and redemptions, 422

    494

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Savings accounts of U.S. households, 410


    Stocks and bonds
    market value and volume of sales,, 421
    FIREWOOD
    Per capita consumption, 254
    FISH AND FISHERIES
    Exports, 258
    Imports, 258
    Per capita consumption of foods, 171
    Yield and value of domestic fisheries, 258
    FIXED ASSETS
    Chain-type quantity indexes, 164
    Current-cost net stock, 163
    FLOODS
    Tornadoes, floods, and tropical cyclones, 8
    FLORIDA
    Gross State Product, 144
    Personal income, 152
    Population, by race, 34
    FLOWERS, SEEDS, AND POTTED PLANTS
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    FOOD AND BEVERAGE STORES
    Number and sales by type, 369
    Sales, net profit, and profit per dollar, 363
    Sales by kind of business, 364
    Wholesale trade, 365
    FOOD AND NUTRITION
    Beverages
    consumption of beverages by type and per capita,
    104, 106
    Consumption
    apparent civilian per capita consumption of foods,
    171
    personal consumption expenditures, 170
    Federal food programs, 183
    Highlights, 104
    Nutrients
    availability in foods for civilian consumption, 107
    consumption of selected nutrients, 105
    Per capita food consumption by selected products, 168
    FOOD SERVICES
    Estimated per capita sales by selected kinds of
    business, 368
    Service-related industries, 366
    FOOD STAMPS
    Federal food programs, 183
    FOREIGN AID
    U.S. foreign economic and military aid programs, 383
    FOREIGN COUNTRIES
    International investment position of the United
    States, 376
    Travel to and from foreign countries, 220, 227
    Value of direct investment in foreign countries, 377
    Value of foreign direct investment in the U.S., 378
    FORESTS AND FORESTRY
    Consumption of industrial products, 252
    Domestic production, 252
    Highlights, 248
    Imports
    net imports, 252

    National forest system areas and purchases, 248, 250


    Paper and board domestic production and
    consumption, 256
    Per capita consumption of timber products, 254
    Waste paper consumption, 256
    Yield and value of domestic fisheries, 258
    FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    FREIGHT
    Railroads, 303, 324
    Ships and shipping, 329
    Volume of domestic intercity freight traffic, 303
    FRUIT JUICE
    Consumption of selected beverages, 106
    FRUITS
    Per capita consumption of foods, 171
    FURNITURE
    Electronic shopping and mail-order houses, 367
    Personal consumption expenditures, 170
    Sales by kind of business, 364

    G
    GARDEN CENTERS
    Sales by kind of business, 364
    GASOLINE
    Domestic motor fuel consumption, by type of vehicle,
    313
    Motor fuel usage consumption, 307
    Personal consumption expenditures, 170
    Prices, 355
    Wholesale trade, 365
    GAS UTILITIES
    Customers, sales, and revenues, by type of service, 352
    GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
    Sales, net profit, and profit per dollar, 363
    Sales by kind of business, 364
    GEORGIA
    Gross State Product, 144
    Personal income, 152
    Population, by race, 34
    GEOTHERMAL
    Renewable energy, 351
    GOLD
    Currency, deposits, bank vault cash and gold, 415
    GOVERNMENT
    Congress
    bills, acts, and resolutions, 448
    bills vetoed, 450
    composition of Congress by party affiliation by
    state, 452
    measures introduced and percent of measures
    passed, 446
    members of Congress, selected characteristics, 453
    Consumption expenditures and investment by type,
    468
    Employment in government, 454
    Federal budget summary, 458-462
    Federal grants-in-aid to state and local governments,
    476
    Gross federal debt outstanding, 467

    INDEX
    Highlights, 446
    House of Representatives
    apportionment of members by state, 451
    Interest-bearing public debt of the federal
    government, 465
    Number of governmental units, by type, 453
    Payrolls, 474
    State and local government indebtedness, 475
    State and local government revenue, by source, 471
    State government expenditure, by character and
    object, 472
    Supreme Court
    caseload, 456
    Treaties and executive agreements concluded by the
    U.S., 455
    GRANTS-IN-AID
    Federal grants-in-aid to state and local governments,
    476
    GROCERY STORES
    Number and sales by type, 369
    Sales, net profit, and profit per dollar, 363
    Sales by kind of business, 364
    Wholesale trade, 365
    GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
    Annual change in the GDP, 139
    Components in current and chained dollars, 142
    Defense spending as a percent of the GDP, 478
    Growth rate, total and per capita, in current and
    chained dollars, 141
    Manufacturing
    current and real dollars, by industry, 290
    Transportation
    transportation-related components of the GDP, 302
    GROSS STATE PRODUCT
    Components in current and chained dollars, 144

    H
    HAWAII
    Gross State Product, 144
    Personal income, 152
    Population, by race, 34
    HEALTH
    Abortions
    number and rate by race, 101
    AIDS
    cases reported by patient characteristic, 100
    number of cases, reported by sex, 84
    Cigarette smoking by sex, age, and race, 97
    Drug use by type of drug and age, 99
    Expenditures
    hospital expenses and personnel, 95
    hospital expenses per patient day, 94
    national expenditures, by source of funds, 88
    personal expenditures, by source of funds, 88
    total expenditures by type of service, 87
    Highlights, 84
    Hospital admissions
    average daily census and admissions, 93
    Hospital expenses and personnel, 95
    Hospital expenses per patient day, 94
    Medical insurance

    495

    number of persons without coverage, 92


    Medicare enrollees, 91
    Medicare trusts funds, 91
    Mental health facilities, by type of facility, 96
    Number of medical, dental, and nursing schools, 89
    Number of physicians, dentists, and nurses, 89
    Organ transplants and grafts, 102
    HEALTH CARE
    Service-related industries, 366
    HEART TRANSPLANTS
    Number of procedures and centers, 102
    HEROIN
    Drug use by type of drug and age, 99
    Federal drug seizures, 207
    HIGH SCHOOLS
    Dropouts by race and Hispanic origin, 196
    Enrollment by sex and level, 191
    Enrollment generally, 190
    Expenditures, 191
    Graduates, 194
    Student/teacher ratios, 193
    HIGHWAYS
    Mileage of roads, 305
    Public highway debt, 306
    HISPANIC ORIGIN
    Computers
    percentage of households with computers and
    Internet access, 332
    Educational attainment, 192
    High school dropouts, 196
    HISTORY OF STATISTICS
    Generally, xv
    HIV
    Cases reported by patient characteristic, 100
    Number of cases, reported by sex, 84
    HOME FURNISHINGS
    Sales by kind of business, 364
    HOMICIDE
    Crimes and rates by type, 205
    Police officers killed, 209
    HOSPITAL CARE
    Average daily census and admissions, 93
    Expenses and personnel, 95
    Expenses per patient day, 94
    Health expenditures, 87
    Personal consumption expenditures, 170
    HOTELS AND LODGING
    Persons engaged in selected industries, 362
    Service-related industries, 366
    HOURS OF EMPLOYMENT
    Earnings and hours of employment of mineral
    industries workers, 269
    Earnings and hours of employment of production
    workers, 122, 294
    HOUSEHOLDS
    Income
    shares of aggregate income received by households,
    176
    Population
    households, by number of persons, 45

    496

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    HOUSING
    Homeownership rates, by age of householder, 280
    Mobile home shipments, 281
    Mortgages
    residential nonfarm mortgage debt outstanding, 286
    Occupied housing units and tenure of home, 284
    Personal consumption expenditures, 170
    Price and cost indexes for construction, 279
    Public housing
    low-rent public housing units, 281
    Residential structures
    mean age of stocks, 283
    value of gross and net stocks, 282
    Sales prices
    median sales prices on new privately-owned
    one-family houses, 279
    Total housing inventory, 274
    Vacancy rates, by region, 285
    Value of construction contracts awarded, 277
    Value of construction put in place, 275
    HURRICANES
    Tornadoes, floods, and tropical cyclones, 8
    HYDROELECTRIC POWER
    Energy supply and disposition, 353
    Renewable energy, 351

    I
    ICE CREAM
    Per capita consumption of foods, 172
    IDAHO
    Gross State Product, 145
    Personal income, 152
    Population, by race, 35
    ILLINOIS
    Gross State Product, 145
    Personal income, 154
    Population, by race, 35
    IMMIGRATION
    Countries
    immigrants, by country, 52
    Foreign-stock population, by nativity and parentage,
    60
    Formal removals and voluntary departures of aliens,
    59
    Highlights, 50
    Population
    components of population change, 47
    Regions
    immigrants, by region, 58
    Total number of immigrants, 51
    IMPORTS
    Agriculture
    value of agricultural exports and imports, 246
    Crude petroleum, 356
    Fish and fisheries, 258
    Forests and forestry
    net imports, 252
    Minerals and metals, 265
    U.S. imports of goods and services, 375
    U.S. income receipts and payments, 375
    Value of imports, 380

    INCOME AND WEALTH


    Average annual earnings of employees, 121
    Chain-type quantity indexes, 164
    Consumer Price Index
    annual change, 137
    Corporations, 393
    Durable goods
    chain-type quantity indexes, 164
    current-cost net stock, 163
    Families
    total money income, 175
    Farms, 236
    Fixed assets
    chain-type quantity indexes, 164
    current-cost net stock, 163
    Gross Domestic Product
    annual change, 139
    components in current and chained dollars, 142
    growth rate, total and per capita, in current and
    chained dollars, 141
    Gross State Product
    components in current and chained dollars, 144
    Highlights, 136
    Households
    shares of aggregate income received by households,
    176
    Income by state, 152
    Minimum wage rates, 126
    National income by sector, legal form of organization,
    and type of income, 149
    National income without capital consumption
    adjustment by industry, 151
    Per capita income and product series for selected
    items, 148
    Personal income by state, 152
    Poverty
    children below poverty level, 162
    persons below poverty level, 161
    Production workers in manufacturing, 122
    Race
    families by total money income, 175
    Savings
    sources and uses of savings, 160
    INCOME MAINTENANCE
    Government transfer payments to individuals, 180
    INCOME TAXES
    Individual income tax returns, 463, 464
    INDIANA
    Gross State Product, 145
    Personal income, 154
    Population, by race, 35
    INDUSTRY
    Estimated water use, 7
    National air pollution estimates, 2, 11
    National income without capital consumption
    adjustment by industry, 151
    Self-employed workers by industry and occupation,
    127
    Unemployment rates by industry, NAICS based, 117
    Unemployment rates by industry, SIC based, 118

    INDEX
    INFLATION
    Purchasing power of the dollar, 177
    INJURIES
    Transportation accidents, deaths, and injuries, 304
    Work injury frequency rates in manufacturing and
    mining, 125
    INSURANCE
    Disability insurance, 183
    Life insurance, 425
    Medical insurance
    number of persons without coverage, 92
    Old-age and survivors insurance, 183
    Unemployment insurance, 180, 184
    INTEREST RATES
    Consumer credit and finance rates, 424
    Money markets, 417
    INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS AND
    FOREIGN COMMERCE
    Highlights, 372
    Investment position of the United States, 373, 376
    U.S. exports and imports of goods and services, 375
    U.S. foreign economic and military aid programs, 383
    U.S. income receipts and payments, 375
    Value of direct investment in foreign countries, 377
    Value of exports and imports, 380
    Value of foreign direct investment in the United
    States, 378
    INTERNET
    Percentage of households with computers and
    Internet access, 332, 344
    INVENTORIES
    Construction and housing
    total housing inventory, 274
    Manufacturing
    value of inventories, 292
    Motor vehicles, 314
    Publishers, 342, 343
    IOWA
    Gross State Product, 145
    Personal income, 154
    Population, by race, 35
    IRON
    Consumption of selected nutrients, 105
    IRRIGATION
    Estimated water use, 7

    J
    JEWELRY STORES
    Sales by kind of business, 364
    JUVENILE COURTS
    Cases handled, 213

    K
    KANSAS
    Gross State Product, 145
    Personal income, 154
    Population, by race, 36
    KENTUCKY
    Gross State Product, 145
    Personal income, 154

    497

    Population, by race, 36
    KINDERGARTENS
    Enrollment generally, 192

    L
    LABOR
    Average annual earnings of employees, 121
    Earnings and hours of production workers in
    manufacturing, 122
    Employment status of the civilian population by sex
    and race, 129
    Federal minimum wage rates, 126
    Highlights, 110
    Labor force and employment by super sector, 119
    Labor force status of the population, 113
    Labor union membership as a percent of total
    employment, 123
    Marital status of women in the civilian labor force,
    128
    Productivity-output per hour, 134
    Self-employed workers, by industry and occupation,
    127
    Unemployment, 114
    Unemployment rates by industry, NAICS based, 117
    Unemployment rates by industry, SIC based, 118
    Unemployment rates by sex and race in the civilian
    labor force, 116
    Work injury frequency rates in manufacturing and
    mining, 125
    Work stoppages, workers involved, and days idle, 124
    LABOR UNIONS
    Membership as a percent of total employment, 123
    Work stoppages, workers involved, and days idle, 124
    LAGGING ECONOMIC INDICATORS
    Composite indicators, 394
    LAND, WATER, AND CLIMATE
    Estimated water use, 7
    Highlights, 2
    Land area of the United States, 5
    Municipal solid waste generation, recovery, and
    disposal, 10
    National air pollutant emissions, 2, 11
    Territorial expansion of the United States, 6
    Tornadoes, floods, and tropical cyclones, 8
    LANDFILLS
    Municipal solid waste generation, recovery, and
    disposal, 10
    LAW ENFORCEMENT, COURTS, AND PRISONS
    Adults on probation, in jail or prison, or on parole,
    215
    Crimes and crime rates by type, 202, 205
    Expenditures
    public expenditures, by level of government, 210
    Federal and state prisoners by jurisdiction and sex,
    214
    Federal drug seizures, by type of drug, 207
    Federal prosecutions of public corruption, 217
    Highlights, 202
    Juvenile courts
    cases handled, 213

    498

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Police officers killed, 209


    Prisoners executed under civil authority, by race, 216
    Suicides, 208
    U.S. District Courts
    civil and criminal cases, 212
    U.S. Supreme Court
    cases filed and disposed of, 211, 456
    LEADING ECONOMIC INDICATORS
    Composite indexes, 394
    LIFE INSURANCE
    Insurance in force, by type, 425
    Number of companies, 425
    LIVER TRANSPLANTS
    Number of procedures and centers, 102
    LIVESTOCK
    Farm income and expenses, 236
    Farming balance sheet, 235
    LOTTERIES
    State-administered lotteries
    income and apportionment of funds, 476
    LOUISIANA
    Gross State Product, 145
    Personal income, 154
    Population, by race, 36
    LUMBER AND WOOD
    Consumption of products, 252
    Domestic production, 252
    Net imports, 252
    Per capita consumption of timber products, 254
    Renewable energy, 351

    M
    MAGAZINES
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    Revenues, printing expenses, and inventories, 342
    MAIL
    Post offices, revenues, expenditures, and pieces of mail
    handled, 338
    Rates for first-class mail, letters, and postal cards, 342
    Volume of mail, 341
    MAIL-ORDER HOUSES
    Total and e-commerce sales by merchandise line, 367
    MAINE
    Gross State Product, 145
    Personal income, 154
    Population, by race, 36
    MANAGEMENT SERVICES
    Service-related industries, 366
    MANSLAUGHTER
    Crimes and rates by type, 205
    MANUFACTURING
    Aircraft
    shipments of aircraft, 295
    Corporations
    sales, profits, and stockbrokers equity, 293
    Earnings and hours of employment of production
    workers, 122, 294
    Gross Domestic Product
    current and real dollars, by industry, 290
    Highlights, 288

    Inventories
    value of inventories, 292
    Orders
    value of orders, 292
    Profits
    corporate sales and profits, 293
    Sales
    corporate sales and profits, 293
    Shipments
    number of shipments, 289
    value of shipments, 292
    Summary, 291
    Wholesale trade, 365
    Work injury frequency rates in manufacturing, 125
    MARGARINE
    Per capita consumption of foods, 171
    MARIJUANA
    Drug use by type of drug and age, 99
    Federal drug seizures, 207
    MARITAL STATUS
    Employment
    women in the civilian work force, 128
    Population
    marital status of the population, by age and sex, 28
    MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE
    Highlights, 76
    Marital history for people 15 years and over, by age
    and sex, 80
    Numbers, 77
    Percent reaching stated anniversary by marriage
    cohort and sex
    first and second marriages, 81
    Rate, 76, 78, 79
    MARYLAND
    Gross State Product, 145
    Personal income, 154
    Population, by race, 37
    MASSACHUSETTS
    Gross State Product, 145
    Personal income, 154
    Population, by race, 37
    MEATS
    Per capita consumption of foods, 171
    MEDICAL CARE
    Personal consumption expenditures, 170
    MEDICAL INSURANCE
    Number of persons without coverage, 92
    MEDICAL PAYMENTS
    Government transfer payments to individuals, 180
    MEDICAL SCHOOLS
    Number, 89
    MEDICARE
    Number of enrollees, 91
    Trust funds, 91
    MENTAL HEALTH CARE
    Facilities by type of facility, 96
    MERCHANT FLEETS
    Number of vessels, 328
    MERGERS
    Corporate mergers and acquisitions, 391

    INDEX
    METALS
    Imports, 265
    Mineral production, 264
    Prices, 266
    MICHIGAN
    Gross State Product, 145
    Personal income, 154
    Population, by race, 37
    MIDDLE SCHOOLS
    Enrollment by sex and level, 191
    Enrollment generally, 190
    Expenditures, 191
    Student/teacher ratios, 193
    MIGRATION
    Countries
    immigrants, by country, 52
    Foreign-stock population, by nativity and parentage,
    60
    Formal removals and voluntary departures of aliens,
    59
    Highlights, 50
    Population
    components of population change, 47
    Regions
    immigrants, by region, 58
    Total number of immigrants, 51
    MILITARY
    Active duty military personnel, 481
    Defense spending as a percent of GDP, 478
    Department of Defense manpower, 480
    Outlays and veterans benefits, 483
    Personnel on active duty, 479
    Selected characteristics of the armed forces, by war,
    479
    Veterans, number of, 481
    Veterans benefits and outlays, 483
    MILITARY AID
    U.S. foreign economic and military aid programs, 383
    MILK
    Consumption of selected beverages, 106
    Per capita consumption of foods, 172
    MINERALS
    Crude petroleum
    production, value, and proved reserves, 262, 267
    Employment, hours, and earnings in industries, 269
    Highlights, 262
    Imports of selected minerals and metals, 265
    Prices of selected products, 266
    Production of minerals, 264
    MINIMUM WAGE
    Federal minimum wage rates, 126
    MINING
    Work injury frequency rates in mining, 125
    MINNESOTA
    Gross State Product, 145
    Personal income, 154
    Population, by race, 37
    MISSISSIPPI
    Gross State Product, 145
    Personal income, 154
    Population, by race, 38

    499

    MISSOURI
    Gross State Product, 146
    Personal income, 154
    Population, by race, 38
    MOBILE HOMES
    Number of shipments of mobile homes, 281
    MONEY MARKETS
    Rates, 417
    MONEY STOCK
    Currency, deposits, bank vault cash and gold, 415
    MONTANA
    Gross State Product, 146
    Personal income, 156
    Population, by race, 38
    MONUMENTS
    National parks and monuments, 223
    MORTGAGES
    Debt outstanding, 423
    Housing
    residential nonfarm mortgage debt outstanding, 286
    MOTHERS
    Birth rates of unmarried women ages 15-44, by age of
    mother, 69
    MOTION PICTURES
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    MOTOR VEHICLES
    Accidents
    number and deaths, by type of accident, 311
    Costs
    average cost of owning and operating an
    automobile, 313
    Deaths and death rates, 310
    Farming balance sheet, 235
    Fuel consumption, by type of vehicle, 313
    Inventories, 314
    Miles of travel, 309
    Personal consumption expenditures, 170, 226
    Registrations, 298, 307
    Repair services, 362
    Sales by kind of business, 364
    Sales from U.S. factories, 307
    Sales generally, 314
    Travel, by type of vehicle and speed, 316
    MURDER
    Crimes and rates by type, 205
    Police officers killed, 209
    MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    MUSIC VIDEOS
    Electronic shopping and mail-order houses, 367
    Recording media
    manufacturers shipments and value, 337
    MUTUAL FUNDS
    Net assets, sales, and redemptions, 422

    N
    NATIONAL DEFENSE
    Active duty military personnel, 481
    Armed forces
    selected characteristics of the armed forces, by war,
    479

    500

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Department of Defense manpower, 480


    Highlights, 478
    Military personnel on active duty, by location, 479
    Outlays and veterans benefits, 483
    Spending as a percent of GDP, 478
    Veterans, number of, 481
    Veterans benefits and outlays, 483
    NATIONAL FORESTS
    System areas and purchases, 248, 250
    NATIONAL PARKS AND MONUMENTS
    Area in acres and visits, 223
    NATURAL GAS
    Consumption for electricity generation, 350
    Energy supply and disposition, 353
    Prices, 355
    NEBRASKA
    Gross State Product, 146
    Personal income, 156
    Population, by race, 38
    NEVADA
    Gross State Product, 146
    Personal income, 156
    Population, by race, 39
    NEW HAMPSHIRE
    Gross State Product, 146
    Personal income, 156
    Population, by race, 39
    NEW JERSEY
    Gross State Product, 146
    Personal income, 156
    Population, by race, 39
    NEW MEXICO
    Gross State Product, 146
    Personal income, 156
    Population, by race, 39
    NEWSPAPERS
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    Revenues, printing expenses, and inventories, 342
    NEW TO THE THIRD EDITION, xv
    NEW YORK
    Gross State Product, 146
    Personal income, 156
    Population, by race, 40
    NOBEL LAUREATES
    Selected sciences, 408
    NONDURABLE GOODS
    Gross Domestic Product in manufacturing, 290
    Personal consumption expenditures, 170
    NORTH CAROLINA
    Gross State Product, 146
    Personal income, 156
    Population, by race, 40
    NORTH DAKOTA
    Gross State Product, 146
    Personal income, 156
    Population, by race, 40
    NUCLEAR POWER
    Consumption for electricity generation, 350
    Energy supply and disposition, 353

    Plants
    number, capacity, and generation, 354
    NURSERY SCHOOLS
    Enrollment generally, 192
    NURSES
    Number, 89
    NURSING HOME CARE
    Health expenditures, 87
    NURSING SCHOOLS
    Number, 89
    NUTRIENTS
    Availability in foods for civilian consumption, 107
    Index of per capita consumption of selected nutrients,
    105

    O
    OFFICE EQUIPMENT
    Electronic shopping and mail-order houses, 367
    OIL
    Imports and exports, 356
    Personal consumption expenditures, 170
    Prices, 266, 355
    Production, value, and proved reserves, 262, 267
    Wholesale trade, 365
    OKLAHOMA
    Gross State Product, 146
    Personal income, 156
    Population, by race, 41
    OLD-AGE AND SURVIVORS INSURANCE
    Trust funds, 183
    ORDERS
    Manufacturing
    value of orders, 292
    OREGON
    Gross State Product, 146
    Personal income, 156
    Population, by race, 41
    ORGAN TRANSPLANTS AND GRAFTS
    Number of procedures and centers, 102
    OUTPUT
    Productivity-output per hour, 134

    P
    PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS
    Domestic production of paper and board, 256
    Waste paper consumption, 256
    Wholesale trade, 365
    PARI-MUTUEL BETTING
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    PARKING SERVICES
    Persons engaged in selected services, 362
    PARKS
    National parks and monuments, 223
    State parks, 225
    PARTNERSHIPS
    Firm births and deaths, 390
    National income, 149
    Number, receipts, and profit, 389
    Returns, receipts, and net income, 388

    INDEX
    PASSENGERS
    Class I intercity carriers of passengers, 316
    Public transit equipment, passengers, and passenger
    revenue, 317
    Volume of intercity passenger traffic, 303
    PATENTS
    Patents filed and issued, 386, 402
    PAYROLLS
    Governmental payrolls, 474
    PEANUTS
    Per capita consumption of foods, 172
    PENNSYLVANIA
    Gross State Product, 147
    Personal income, 156
    Population, by race, 41
    PENSIONS
    Private pension plans, 184
    PERIODICALS
    Revenues, printing expenses, and inventories, 342
    PERSONAL SERVICES
    Persons engaged in selected industries, 362
    PETROLEUM
    Consumption by electric utilities, 349
    Imports and exports, 356
    Prices, 266, 355
    Production, value, and proved reserves, 262, 267
    Wholesale trade, 365
    PHOTOGRAPHY
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    PHYSICIANS
    Health expenditures, 87
    Number, 89
    PLYWOOD AND VENEER
    Per capita consumption, 254
    POLICE OFFICERS
    Officers killed, 209
    POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEES
    Contributions to Congressional campaigns, 443
    Number, by committee type, 443
    POLITICS AND ELECTIONS
    Congress
    political party affiliation, 440
    Congressional campaign finances
    receipts and disbursements, 444
    Electoral and popular vote cast for President, by
    political party, 432
    Financial activities
    political party financial activity, by major political
    party, 442
    Highlights, 430
    Political action committees
    contributions to Congressional campaigns, 443
    number, by committee type, 443
    Popular vote cast for President, by state and political
    party, 436
    Presidency
    political party affiliation, 44
    State legislatures
    political party control, 442
    Voting-age population
    percent reporting registered, and voted, 430, 439

    501

    POLLUTION
    National air pollutant emissions, 2, 11
    POPULATION
    Annual estimates of the population, by age, 24
    Annual estimates of the population, by sex, 22
    Annual population estimates for the United States, 19
    Area and population of the United States, 15
    Cities, population by, 48
    Components of population change, 47
    Highlights, 14
    Households, by number of persons, 45
    Marital status of the population, by age and sex, 28
    Median age of population, by race and sex, 27
    Projections of the population, by age, 24
    Projections of the population, by sex, 22
    Regions, by race and residence, 30
    Resident population, by sex, 26
    States, by race, 32
    POSTAL SERVICE
    Post offices, revenues, expenditures, and pieces of mail
    handled, 338
    Rates for first-class mail, letters, and postal cards, 342
    Volume of mail and employees, 341
    POTATOES
    Per capita consumption of foods, 172
    POULTRY
    Farm income and expenses, 236
    Farming balance sheet, 235
    POVERTY
    Children below poverty level, 162
    Persons below poverty level and below 125 percent of
    poverty level, 161
    PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
    Electronic shopping and mail-order houses, 367
    Health expenditures, 87
    PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
    Bills vetoed, 450
    Electoral and popular vote cast for President, 432
    Popular vote cast for President, 436
    Treaties and executive agreements concluded by the
    U.S., 455
    PRICE INDEXES
    Construction and housing, 279
    PRICES
    Electric utilities, 357
    Energy, 355
    PRISONS AND PRISONERS
    Adults on probation, in jail or prison, or on parole,
    215
    Federal and state prisoners by jurisdiction and sex,
    214
    PROBATION AND PAROLE
    Adults on probation, in jail or prison, or on parole,
    215
    PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL
    DEVELOPMENT
    Basic research funds expended, 405
    Copyright registrations, by type, 400
    Highlights, 398
    Nobel Laureates in selected sciences, 408
    Output-productivity per hour, 134

    502

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Patent applications filed and patents issued, 386, 402


    Research and development
    expenditures, 398, 407
    performance of research, 405
    Science, space, and other technology
    federal outlays, 406
    Space launches
    worldwide successful space launches, 406
    Trademarks registered and renewed, 404
    PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
    Service-related industries, 366
    PROFITS
    Corporations, 389
    Manufacturing
    corporate sales and profits, 293
    Partnerships, 389
    Proprietorships, 389
    Retail trade corporations, 363
    PROPRIETORSHIPS
    Firm births and deaths, 390
    National income, 149
    Number, receipts, and profit, 389
    Returns, receipts, and net income, 388
    PROTEIN
    Consumption of selected nutrients, 105
    PUBLICATION FEATURES, xv
    PUBLIC FINANCE
    Federal government finances, 458-462
    Federal grants-in-aid to state and local governments,
    476
    Governmental payrolls, 474
    Government consumption expenditures and
    investment by type, 468
    Gross federal debt outstanding, 467
    Highlights, 458
    Individual income tax returns, 463, 464
    Interest-bearing public debt of the federal
    government, 465
    Lottery funds, income and apportionment, 476
    State and local government indebtedness, 475
    State and local government revenue, by source, 471
    State government expenditure, by character and
    object, 472
    PUBLIC HOUSING
    Low-rent public housing units by year, 281
    PUBLIC UTILITIES
    Electric utilities, 349
    Estimated water use, 7
    Gas utilities, 352
    PUBLISHING
    Revenues, printing expenses, and inventories, 342, 343
    Service-related industries, 366
    PULP PRODUCTS
    Per capita consumption, 254

    R
    RACE
    Abortions
    number and rate by race, 101
    AIDS cases reported by patient characteristic, 100

    Birth rates
    expectation of life at birth, by race and sex, 70
    total and fertility rate for women 15-44, by race, 66
    Computers
    percentage of households with computers and
    Internet access, by race, 332
    Death penalty
    prisoners executed under civil authority, by race, 216
    Death rates
    number of deaths and age-adjusted death rates, by
    race and sex, 74
    Educational attainment by race, 192
    Employment status by race, 129
    Fertility rates, by race, 66, 68
    Fetal deaths
    neonatal, infant, and maternal mother mortality
    rates, by race, 72
    High school dropouts by race, 196
    Income
    families by total money income, 175
    Population
    median age of population, by race and sex, 27
    regions, by race and residence, 30
    states, by race, 32
    Smoking by sex, age, and race, 97
    Unemployment rates by race, 116
    RADIO AND TELEVISION
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    Stations, sets produced, and households with sets, 335
    RAILROADS
    Freight traffic, 303, 324
    Passenger-train cars in service, 322
    Transportation accidents, deaths, and injuries, 304
    RAPE
    Crimes and rates by type, 205
    REAL ESTATE
    Service-related industries, 366
    RECORDING MEDIA
    Manufacturers shipments and value, 337
    RECREATION
    Personal consumption expenditures, 170
    Service-related industries, 366
    RECYCLING
    Municipal solid waste generation, recovery, and
    disposal, 10
    REGIONS OF THE UNITED STATES
    Population of regions, by race and residence, 39
    REGISTRATIONS
    Motor vehicles and parts, 298, 307
    RENEWABLE ENERGY
    Estimated renewable energy consumption, 351
    REPAIR SERVICES
    Persons engaged in selected services, 362
    RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
    Expenditures, 398, 407
    Health expenditures, 87
    Performance of research, 405
    RESTAURANTS
    Sales, net profit, and profit per dollar, 363
    Sales by kind of business, 364

    INDEX
    RETAIL TRADE
    Corporations
    sales, net profit, and profit per dollar, 363
    Estimated per capita sales by selected kinds of
    business, 368
    Persons engaged in retail trade industries, 360
    Persons engaged in selected industries, 362
    Sales by kind of business, 364
    RETIREMENT BENEFITS
    Government transfer payments to individuals, 180
    RHODE ISLAND
    Gross State Product, 147
    Personal income, 158
    Population, by race, 41
    ROADS
    Mileage of rural roads, 305
    ROBBERY
    Crimes and rates by type, 205

    S
    SALARIES
    Average annual earnings of employees, 121
    Production workers in manufacturing, 122
    SALES
    Manufacturing
    corporate sales and profits, 293
    Motor vehicles, 314
    Mutual funds, 422
    Retail food stores, 369
    Retail trade and food services, 368
    Retail trade corporations, 363
    Stocks and bonds, 421
    Wholesale trade, 365
    SAVINGS
    Sources and uses of savings, 160
    SAVINGS ACCOUNTS
    Total savings accounts of U.S. households, 410
    SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAMS
    Federal food programs, 183
    SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
    Expenditures, 406
    Nobel Laureates, 408
    SCIENTIFIC SERVICES
    Service-related industries, 366
    SEARCHES AND SEIZURES
    Federal drug seizures, by type of drug, 207
    SELF-EMPLOYED WORKERS
    Employment by industry and occupation, 127
    SERVICE-RELATED INDUSTRIES
    Establishments, employees, and payroll by industry,
    366
    Personal consumption expenditures, 170
    Persons engaged in selected service industries, 362
    SEX
    AIDS
    cases reported by patient characteristic, 100
    number of cases reported, by sex, 84
    Birth rates
    expectation of life at birth, by race and sex, 70
    College enrollment by sex, 186, 191

    503

    Death rates
    number of deaths and age-adjusted death rates, by
    race and sex, 74
    Degrees conferred by sex, 198
    Educational attainment by sex, 192
    Employment status by sex, 129
    Marriage and divorce
    history for people 15 years and over, by age and sex,
    80
    percent reaching stated anniversary by marriage
    cohort, 81
    Population
    annual estimates and projections of population, by
    sex, 22
    marital status of the population, by age and sex, 28
    median age of population, by race and sex, 27
    resident population, by sex, 26
    Prisoners by sex, 214
    School enrollment by sex and level, 191
    Smoking by sex, age, and race, 97
    Unemployment rates by sex, 116
    SHIPMENTS
    Manufacturing
    number of shipments, 289
    value of shipments, 292
    SHIPS AND SHIPPING
    Cargo-carrying U.S.-flag fleet, by area of operation,
    326
    Freight carried on major U.S. waterways, 329
    Merchant fleets of the world, 328
    Waterborne commerce, by type of commodity, 327
    SIZE OF THE UNITED STATES
    Area and population of the United States, 18
    Land area of the United States, 5
    Territorial expansion of the United States, 6
    SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
    Loans to small businesses, 395
    SOCIAL SECURITY
    Covered employment, earnings, and contribution
    rates, 182
    Trust funds, 183
    SOCIAL SERVICES
    Service-related industries, 366
    SOCIAL WELFARE
    Benefits
    government transfer payments to individuals, 180
    summary of payments, 182
    Federal food programs, 183
    Highlights, 180
    Private pension plans, 184
    Social Security
    covered employment, earnings, and contribution
    rates, 182
    trust funds, 183
    Unemployment insurance, 180, 184
    SOFT DRINKS
    Consumption of selected beverages, 106
    SOFTWARE
    Electronic shopping and mail-order houses, 367

    504

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    SOLAR POWER
    Energy supply and disposition, 353
    Renewable energy, 351
    SOLE PROPRIETORSHIPS
    Firm births and deaths, 390
    National income, 149
    Number, receipts, and profit, 389
    Returns, receipts, and net income, 388
    SOLID WASTE
    Municipal solid waste generation, recovery, and
    disposal, 10
    SOUTH CAROLINA
    Gross State Product, 147
    Personal income, 158
    Population, by race, 42
    SOUTH DAKOTA
    Gross State Product, 147
    Personal income, 158
    Population, by race, 42
    SPACE LAUNCHES
    Federal outlays for technology, 406
    Worldwide successful space launches, 406
    SPORTING GOODS
    Electronic shopping and mail-order houses, 367
    Sales by kind of business, 364
    SPORTS
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    STATE LEGISLATURES
    Political party control, 442
    STATE PARKS
    Acreage, expenditures, and attendance, 225
    STATES
    Federal grants-in-aid to state and local governments,
    476
    Governmental payrolls, 474
    Government expenditure, by character and object, 472
    Government revenue, by source, 471
    Gross State Products, 147
    Indebtedness, 475
    Lottery funds
    income and apportionment of funds, 476
    Personal income by state, 152
    Population
    annual population estimates for the United States,
    19
    area and population of the United States, 18
    generally, 14
    migration, 47
    race generally, 32
    regions, by race and residence, 30
    STOCKS AND BONDS
    Market value and volume of sales, 421
    Yields, 419
    STREETS
    Mileage of municipal streets, 305
    STRIKES
    Work stoppages, workers involved, and days idle, 124
    STUDENTS
    Student/teacher ratios, 193
    SUICIDES
    Number and rate, 208

    SUPERMARKETS
    Number and sales by type, 369
    Sales, net profit, and profit per dollar, 363
    Sales by kind of business, 364
    Wholesale trade, 365
    SURVEYS AND SURVEYING
    Land area of the United States, 5

    T
    TAXATION
    Corporations, 393
    Farms, 239
    Individual income tax returns, 463, 464
    TEA
    Consumption of selected beverages, 106
    TEACHERS
    Numbers of teachers, 193
    Student/teacher ratios, 193
    TECHNICAL SERVICES
    Service-related industries, 366
    TECHNOLOGY
    Productivity and technological development, 398
    TELEPHONE SYSTEMS
    Number of carriers and revenues, 343
    TELEVISION
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    Stations, sets produced, and households with sets, 335
    TENNESSEE
    Gross State Product, 147
    Personal income, 158
    Population, by race, 42
    TERRITORY OF THE UNITED STATES
    Area and population of the United States, 18
    Land area of the United States, 5
    Territorial expansion of the United States, 6
    TEXAS
    Gross State Product, 147
    Personal income, 158
    Population, by race, 42
    THEATERS
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    THEFT
    Crimes and rates by type, 205
    TIMBER PRODUCTS
    Production and consumption, 252, 254
    TOBACCO PRODUCTS
    Smoking by sex, age, and race, 97
    TORNADOES
    Floods, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones, 8
    TOYS
    Electronic shopping and mail-order houses, 367
    Recreational expenditures, 226
    TRADEMARKS
    Registrations and renewals, 404
    TRANSPORTATION
    Accidents
    motor vehicle accidents, number and deaths, 311
    transportation accidents, deaths, and injuries, 304
    Airline industry, 318
    Airports, aircraft, pilots, and miles flown, 320
    Airports - top 40 airports, passengers enplaned, 321

    INDEX
    Air transportation accidents, 319
    Average cost of owning and operating an automobile,
    313
    Class I intercity motor carriers of passengers, 316
    Deaths
    motor vehicle deaths and death rates, 310
    transportation accidents, deaths, and injuries, 304
    Domestic motor fuel consumption, by type of vehicle,
    313
    Earnings
    employee employment and earnings, 303
    Employment
    employee employment and earnings, 303
    Freight traffic
    railroads, 324
    shipping on U.S. waterways, 329
    volume of domestic intercity traffic, 303
    Gross Domestic Product
    transportation-related components of the GDP, 302
    Highlights, 298
    Injuries
    transportation accidents, deaths, and injuries, 304
    Mileage of rural roads and municipal streets, 305
    Miles of travel by motor vehicles, 309
    Motor fuel usage consumption, 307
    Motor vehicle registrations, 298, 307
    Motor vehicle sales, 307
    Motor vehicle sales and inventories, 314
    Motor vehicle travel, by type of vehicle and speed,
    316
    Passenger traffic
    volume of intercity passenger traffic, 303
    Personal consumption expenditures, 170
    Public highway debt, state and local governments, 306
    Public transit equipment, passengers, and passenger
    revenue, 317
    Railroad freight traffic, 324
    Service-related industries, 366
    Shipping
    cargo-carrying U.S.-flag fleet, by are of operation,
    326
    freight carried on major U.S. waterways, 329
    merchant fleets of the world, 328
    waterborne commerce, by type of commodity, 327
    TRASH
    Municipal solid waste generation, recovery, and
    disposal, 10
    TRAVEL
    Foreign countries
    travelers and expenditures, 220, 227
    TREASURY BILLS
    Interest-bearing public debt of the federal
    government, 465
    TREATIES
    Territorial expansion of the United States, 6
    TRUST FUNDS
    Medicare trust funds, 91
    Social Security trust funds, 183
    TURKEYS
    Farming balance sheet, 235
    Per capita consumption of foods, 172

    505

    U
    UNEMPLOYMENT
    Percent of the civilian labor force, 114
    Rates by industry, NAICS based, 117
    Rates by industry, SIC based, 118
    Rates by sex and race in the civilian labor force, 116
    UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE
    Government transfer payments to individuals, 180
    State unemployment insurance, 184
    UNIONS
    Membership as a percent of total employment, 123
    Work stoppages, workers involved, and days idle, 124
    UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTS
    Civil and criminal cases, 212
    UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT
    Cases filed and disposed of, 211, 456
    UTAH
    Gross State Product, 147
    Personal income, 158
    Population, by race, 43
    UTILITIES
    Electric utilities, 349
    Gas utilities, 352
    Water use, 7

    V
    VACATIONS
    Foreign travel
    travelers and expenditures, 220, 227
    VEGETABLE JUICE
    Consumption of selected beverages, 106
    VEGETABLES
    Per capita consumption of foods, 172
    VERMONT
    Gross State Product, 147
    Personal income, 158
    Population, by race, 43
    VETERANS
    Benefits, 180, 483
    Number of veterans, 481
    VIDEOS
    Electronic shopping and mail-order houses, 367
    Recording media
    manufacturers shipments and value, 337
    VIRGINIA
    Gross State Product, 147
    Personal income, 158
    Population, by race, 43

    W
    WAGES
    Average annual earnings of employees, 121
    Minimum wage rates, 126
    Production workers in manufacturing, 122, 294
    WAREHOUSING
    Employment and earnings in warehousing, by
    industry, 303
    Service-related industries, 366
    WASHINGTON
    Gross State Product, 147
    Personal income, 158

    506

    DATAPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES

    Population, by race, 43
    WATER USE
    Estimated water use, 7
    WEATHER
    Tornadoes, floods, and tropical cyclones, 8
    WEST VIRGINIA
    Gross State Product, 147
    Personal income, 158
    Population, by race, 44
    WHEAT FLOUR
    Per capita consumption of foods, 172
    WHITE-COLLAR CRIME
    Federal prosecutions of public corruption, 217
    WHOLESALE TRADE
    Establishments, sales, payroll, and employees by kind
    of business, 365
    Persons engaged in selected industries, 362
    Persons engaged in wholesale trade industries, 360

    WINE
    Consumption of selected beverages, 106
    Electronic shopping and mail-order houses, 367
    Wholesale trade, 365
    WISCONSIN
    Gross State Product, 147
    Personal income, 158
    Population, by race, 44
    WORK STOPPAGES
    Workers involved and days idle, 124
    WYOMING
    Gross State Product, 147
    Personal income, 158
    Population, by race, 44

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