Sowing Guide 2013

Barley variety sowing guide 2013

by Rob Wheeler, Senior Scientist, New Variety Agronomy Group, SARDI
Variety BassA Max. Grade malting BulokeA malting his sowing guide provides data and guidance on the most CommanderA malting suitable barley varieties for sowing in South Australia in 2013. During the FlagshipA malting past 12 to 18 months, many new varieties have been registered with potential to be GairdnerA malting grown in SA. NavigatorA malting These include, Bass, Fathom, Henley, G r a n g e , S k i p p e r, N a v i g a t o r a n d Schooner malting Wimmera. Most of these varieties are potential malt quality varieties yet to be Sloop SAA malting accredited by industry but some may be available for contracted and limited HindmarshA food production in 2013. National Variety Trial BarqueA feed (NVT) data gathered across seasons for CapstanA feed many of these varieties is limited and due to limited seed release for 2012 they may FinnissA feed - hull-less not have been included in the list below, but are included within notes on new FleetA feed varieties. Due to limited market demand Keel feed and outclassed agronomic characteristics, Baudin, Mundah and Yarra have been OxfordA feed removed from the list. Net form net blotch remains a ScopeA feed significant disease threat to barley production across South Australia and growers should malting varietal storage refrain from growing barley on segregations in bulk storage barley, or planting the variety facilities; Maritime, unless a vigilant disease resistance and fungicide strategy is planned. agronomic considerations Varieties have been listed ( Ta b l e 2 a n d Ta b l e 3 below according to quality respectively). classification grade and in alphabetical order and not in For long term stability in farm order of preference. Rob Wheeler returns and market supply The decision to grow either and demand, farmers now growing only a malting or feed variety may depend on feed varieties should consider including one or more factors, including; some malting varieties in their cropping. the difference in payments between However, it is important that growers malting and feed grades as related to contact their grain marketers of choice yield differences (Table 1). Furthermore, to discuss market demand prior to sowing differential pricing of varieties will a malting variety. Malting barley is grown, continue and growers need to consider stored and sold on a variety-specific basis market premiums and discounts in and it is important to ascertain if the variety addition to agronomic performance to chosen is able to be stored and marketed in maximize profitability; your area. the probability of producing a malting Cereal cyst nematode levels should be grade barley; 16 > SARDI Sowing Guide

Suitability and significant features Medium to high rainfall areas (>400 mm), new variety with malt markets yet to establish All areas except where leaf rust is a problem. Has low domestic and established export brewing demand All areas, except prone to net form net blotch. Established domestic and increasing export brewing demand All areas, with timely harvest a priority. High export but low domestic brewing demand Medium to high rainfall areas (>400 mm), now agronomically outclassed South East region but prone to leaf rust, new variety with high domestic brewing demand All areas, and suitable for the Shochu market, moderate but declining industry demand All areas, with timely harvest or windrowing a priority. Avoid areas prone to spot form net blotch. Low industry demand, now agronomically outclassed All areas All areas, except where high risk of leaf scald or net form net blotch Medium to high rainfall areas where very high yields are targeted and test weight is easily achieved. Specialised variety for on-farm animal feed use in all areas. High powdery mildew risk All areas, particularly for districts with lower rainfall and light soils All areas except deep sandy soils of lower fertility and avoid areas prone to leaf rust Medium to high rainfall areas (>400mm) especially where leaf rust is prevalent All areas except where leaf rust is a problem. Imizadoline tolerant, pending malt accreditation

carefully monitored when susceptible varieties such as Schooner, Scope, Sloop, Buloke, Baudin, Oxford and Gairdner are grown. Seed dressings having activity on powdery mildew should be applied to all varieties susceptible to powdery mildew, particularly when sown before June. Notes on older varieties Buloke A . Buloke is a high yielding, export quality profile malting variety developed by VicDPI and released in 2005. It is a tall, midseason variety, with a flowering time similar to or slightly later than Schooner. Buloke offers high yield potential, typically exhibiting a 10% yield advantage over Schooner. It has good levels of resistance to net form net blotch, better head retention than Schooner, but is susceptible to CCN and

2013

Sowing Guide 2013

has shown increased susceptibility to leaf rust. Buloke has averaged similar grain plumpness and screenings but slightly inferior test weight to Schooner and is moderately susceptible to black point. Buloke has a moderately short coleoptile and moderately slow early growth and seed is available through SeedNet. CommanderA. Commander is a malting quality variety developed by the University of Adelaide and suitable for domestic and some export brewing markets. Commander has mid to late season maturity and across many seasons, demonstrates wide adaptation and very high yield relative to other malting varieties, particularly in seasons with favourable spring finishes. Commander has excellent grain plumpness, but has generally lower test weight relative to Schooner and Flagship. Commander is resistant to CCN but has modest foliar disease resistance, being moderately susceptible to most foliar diseases including net form net blotch and therefore should not be grown on barley stubble and areas prone to net form net blotch. Commander is moderately

resistant to powdery mildew. Seed is available through Viterra. FlagshipA. Flagship was developed and released from the University of Adelaide Barley Program in 2005 and has an export malt quality profile. Flagship is a tall, midseason maturity variety, similar in plant type to Schooner and Sloop, but typically exhibits a 5% yield advantage over Schooner. Flagship has good early vigour and weed competitiveness, but modest straw strength with lodging resistance similar to Schooner. Flagship can show high levels of soil boron toxicity symptoms which may reduce grain size but otherwise has slightly lower retention and higher screening than Sloop types. Flagship is susceptible to sprouting and timely harvest is recommended. Flagship is available through Viterra and Heritage Seeds. Finniss A . Finniss is a hulless variety released from the University of Adelaide Barley Breeding Program and targeted at food and animal feed markets. Finniss has good straw strength and head retention, and resistance to CCN, leaf

rust and to common strains of leaf scald. Finniss is susceptible to powdery mildew. It is a semi dwarf type with mid season maturity like Schooner. Grain yield is similar to Schooner and well above other hulless types such as Torrens. Seed is available through Viterra FleetA. Fleet is a midseason maturing, CCN resistant feed barley, developed by the University of Adelaide as a replacement option for Barque and Mundah. Fleet has a long coleoptile, and combines the plant type of Barque with the yield potential of Keel, and the adaptation to deep sandy soils of Mundah. Fleet exhibits an excellent disease resistance profile, although variable resistance to leaf rust. Fleet has plump grain but slightly lower test weights than other feed types. Its strong awn can reduce threshability and attention to concave and thresher adjustment is important, especially in maintaining test weight. Seed is available through Viterra. Hindmarsh A . Hindmarsh is an early maturing (similar to Barque), semi-

Table 1: Yield of barley varieties in South Australian agricultural districts expressed as a percentage of trial site average yield (SARDI and NVT data 2005 - 2011 inclusive, with number of observations in italics). Region Yorke Peninsula Murray Mallee Mid North Lower Eyre Central Eyre South East Peninsula Peninsula Yield Obs No Yield Obs No Yield Obs No Yield Obs No Yield Obs No Yield Obs No MALTING (SA) Bass 103 23 98 10 101 15 102 12 98 12 102 11 Baudin 95 32 93 19 95 21 97 20 92 21 96 13 Buloke 102 32 104 19 103 21 103 20 101 25 103 13 Commander 107 32 108 19 106 21 104 20 104 25 107 13 Flagship 99 32 101 19 99 21 99 20 98 25 101 13 Gairdner 96 32 97 13 96 21 95 17 93 9 97 13 Navigator 92 18 95 15 95 6 94 9 Schooner 92 32 90 19 94 21 94 20 90 25 94 13 Sloop SA 95 32 97 19 97 21 96 20 94 25 98 13 FOOD Hindmarsh 111 27 110 16 110 18 109 17 109 21 108 11 FEED Barque 103 32 103 19 101 21 100 18 103 25 102 8 Capstan 107 30 106 21 105 10 108 13 Fathom 110 9 111 6 109 6 109 6 111 8 109 3 Fleet 111 32 110 19 109 21 107 20 111 25 108 13 Keel 103 32 101 19 104 21 101 20 105 23 102 13 Maritime 101 32 98 19 99 21 100 20 97 25 99 12 Oxford 111 17 113 9 108 12 110 10 110 12 109 7 PENDING MALT ACCREDITATION Scope 100 12 101 9 100 9 99 8 97 12 101 5 Skipper 106 12 106 9 105 9 105 8 105 12 106 5 Henley 107 12 106 9 104 9 105 8 104 12 105 5 Grange 111 9 112 6 108 6 109 6 111 8 109 3 Westminster 101 17 102 13 101 3 102 4 101 7 Wimmera 109 12 107 9 106 6 108 7 region av. yield (t/ha) 2.91 2.08 3.65 3.36 2.24 3.64 SARDI Sowing Guide < 17

2013

Sowing Guide 2013

dwarf, food quality variety developed by VicDPI, and released in 2006. Hindmarsh offers excellent yield potential, typically similar to Keel, and grain quality at least equivalent to Keel with resistance to CCN, variable resistance to leaf rust and leaf scald and susceptibility to spot form net blotch. Hindmarsh has slow early growth and a short coleoptile and attention to seeding depth is important in stubble systems. Where triadimenol seed dressing and pre-emergent herbicide is used, research has shown shallow sowing to be more advantageous than deeper sowing to avoid potential damage. Seed is available from SeedNet. Keel . Keel, an early flowering, high yielding, feed quality variety was released in 1999 and is now generally outclassed by Hindmarsh and Fleet in SA. High susceptibility to leaf rust and in recent years, development of susceptibility to net form net blotch, have further detracted from this once very popular variety. Maritime A . Maritime is a tall, early maturing feed variety with CCN resistance released by the University of Adelaide in 2004. Maritime was developed specifically for manganese deficient soils where it exhibits good adaptation. Maritime has a yield

potential between Barque and Keel on other soil types, and offered a good disease resistance profile but is now very susceptible to the net form net blotch. Maritime has excellent physical grain quality and early vigour, and is a good option for lower rainfall environments where tall straw and high test weights are sought but areas of low risk of net form net blotch. Seed is available through Viterra Oxford A . Oxford is a feed quality variety which has shown very high yield potential in seasons with high spring rainfall. Oxford has late maturity similar, to Franklin, good straw strength and head retention. While Oxford is susceptible to CCN, leaf scald and spot form net blotch, it has good resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew. Oxford is a useful option for SE high rainfall districts and has good black point resistance. Seed is available through Heritage Seeds. Scope . Scope is a tall, early to mid season maturing, imidazolinone tolerant barley with moderate to high yield potential across a range of medium rainfall environments. Its disease resistance profile is very similar to Buloke with the main concern being susceptibility to some leaf rust strains. It

has been released as a feed variety but also commenced Barley Australia malting accreditation with scheduled completion in March 2013. Scope has registration for use with an appropriate BASF Clearfield herbicide and this herbicide tolerance makes Scope an attractive option for brome and other grass control, particularly in mallee type soils. Seed is available through SeedNet. SloopSA A . SloopSA, once a widely grown malting variety developed by the University of Adelaide, is now generally outclassed by newer varieties, Buloke, Commander and Flagship. Relative to these varieties, SloopSA generally shows at least 5% lower yield and is susceptible to all foliar diseases other than net form net blotch. It is also susceptible to head loss under some conditions and has limited malting and brewing market demand. SloopSA is commercialised by Viterra and Heritage Seeds. Notes on New Varieties B a s s A ( WA B A R 2 3 1 5 ) h a s b e e n developed and recently released from Intergrain as an export quality barley, which has recently passed Barley Australia malt accreditation. It is a mid to late maturing variety targeted to Baudin

Table 2: Disease reaction of selected barley varieties Variety CCN CCN Powdery Leaf Leaf Net blotch Net blotch resistance tolerance mildew scald rust (spot form) (net form) Barque R T MR S/VS MR/MS-S R/MR MS/S Bass S T MS MR-S R - MS MS/S MS/S Baudin S T S/VS MS/S MS-S/VS S MS Buloke S T MR MS MS-S/VS MS MR Capstan R T MR MR-S MS MS/S MS Commander R T MR S MS-S MS MS Fathom R T MR MR MR-S/VS MR MS/S Flagship R T MR/MS MS MR/MS-S MR/MS MR Fleet R T MR/MS MR/MS MR/MS-S R/MR MR Gairdner S T MR R-S MS-S S MR/MS Grange T R MS/S MR MS/S MR Henley T R R-S/VS MR-MR/MS MS/S MR Hindmarsh R T MS R-S MR/MS-S S MR Keel R T MR/MS MS VS R/MR MS Maritime R T S MS/S MS-S MR/MS VS Navigator R T R R VS MR MR Oxford S T R MS-S R-MR/MS MS/S MR Schooner VS T S MS/S S/VS MS MR Scope S T MR MS/S MS-S/VS MS MR Skipper R T MR S MS/S-S/VS MR MR Sloop SA R T S S S/VS S/VS MR Wimmera S T MR MS/S R-MR/MS MS MR Yarra R T S S/VS R-S MS MS Disease rating codes: R = resistant; MR = moderately resistant; MS = moderately susceptible; S = susceptible; VS = very susceptible; T = tolerant Information on disease reaction was supplied by the Field Crop Pathology Unit (SARDI). Contact Dr Hugh Wallwork (08) 8303 9382 18 > SARDI Sowing Guide

Black point S MS MS MS S S MS/S MS MR MS MS MS/S S/VS MS/S MS/S MR MS MS/S MS S MR S/VS

2013

Sowing Guide 2013

Table 3: Agronomic characteristics of selected barley varieties Variety coleoptile Early Tillering Standing Height Earliness Head Ease of Boron tox Manganese length vigour ability ability to head to flower retention threshing symptoms efficiency Barque 6 9 6 7 6 5 3 6 3 Bass 7 4 4 6 Baudin 4 5 8 6 4 4 7 7 7 Buloke 4 5 7 5 7 5 5 8 3 Capstan 4 9 8 3 3 8 7 6 Commander 6 6 7 5 6 5 5 7 6 Fathom 8 7 6 6 6 4 5 Flagship 5 5 7 5 6 5 7 7 8 Fleet 8 6 8 6 7 6 5 4 5 Gairdner 5 4 9 6 5 4 8 6 7 3 Henley 8 4 Hindmarsh 3 3 8 7 5 6 7 7 8 Keel 6 8 5 6 8 5 6 6 4 Maritime 7 8 7 4 6 6 7 7 8 7 Navigator 6 4 9 7 4 4 7 8 2 Oxford 8 9 8 4 3 8 7 7 Schooner 6 6 7 6 7 5 4 7 7 5 Scope 5 7 5 7 5 4 8 3 Skipper 6 6 7 5 6 6 6 7 3 Sloop SA 6 6 7 5 7 5 3 7 7 6 Wimmera 5 4 9 8 4 3 8 6 7 Yarra 3 8 7 4 5 8 Relative values based on a 0-9 scale, a high figure indicating the variety expresses the character to a high degree. These values are only a guide; growing conditions greatly influence differences. * A high boron toxicity symptom score relates to high presence of leaf symptoms.

production areas in WA. Bass offers variable resistance to scald and leaf rust, resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus but has no CCN resistance and is susceptible to both net and spot form net blotch and not recommended for growing in SA where these diseases occur. Seed is available from Intergrain for the 2013 season. Fathom A (WI4483) is a feed quality variety developed using wild barley to improve stress tolerance and water use efficiency. Widespread yield data from SA NVT is limited to 2010 and 2011 where Fathom has averaged yields similar to Hindmarsh. Fathom has good levels of resistance to CCN, scald, powdery mildew and spot form net blotch. Fathom has shown susceptibility to NFNB and is not recommended for growing in high risk situations unless an appropriate fungicide strategy is applied. Seed will be available for 2013 from Viterra GrangeA is a high yielding European malting barley licensed to Heritage Seeds under evaluation in Australia. It is mid to late maturing and targeted for areas with more than 400mm rainfall. Grange has good levels of resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust and net form net blotch but susceptibility to spot form net blotch

and leaf scald. Malting accreditation is expected to be completed in 2013. HenleyA is a European malting barley licensed to Heritage Seeds under evaluation in Australia. It is mid to late maturing and targeted for areas with more than 400mm rainfall. Henley has good levels of resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust and net form net blotch, susceptibility to spot form net blotch and variable scald resistance. Malting accreditation will not be completed before March 2013 NavigatorA (WI4262) has been developed by the University of Adelaide and is a recently released and accredited, domestic malt quality variety. Navigator is mid to late maturing, similar to Gairdner but offering 2-3% higher yield potential, significantly improved physical grain quality and a good disease resistance profile with the exception of extreme susceptibility to leaf rust. Production will be targeted for the South East region of SA. Seed is available for 2013 and for further information contact Viterra. SkipperA (WI4446) has been developed by the University of Adelaide as an early maturing, potential malting

quality variety similar in phenology to Hindmarsh and Barque. Data from across NVT in SA since 2009 has shown Skipper to yield similar to Commander. Skipper is expected to complete Barley Australia malt accreditation in 2014. Skipper has good resistance to both forms of net blotch, powdery mildew and CCN but high susceptibility to some strains of leaf rust and is susceptible to leaf scald. Seed is expected to be available for commercial production in 2014 from Viterra. WimmeraA (VB0432) was developed by the Victorian DPI and the University of Adelaide as a potential malting quality, mid to late maturing variety. Wimmera is undergoing malt accreditation trials with completion expected by March 2014. It has similar plant architecture to Gairdner however it has significantly higher yield potential as shown in SA NVT since 2009. During the past three seasons Wimmera has averaged more than 10% higher yield than Gairdner. Wimmera has good resistance to leaf rust, powdery mildew, net form net blotch and black point but is susceptible to leaf scald and CCN. Seed will not be available for commercial production until 2014.
2013

SARDI Sowing Guide < 19