Case 1 : Strength Analysis of Engine Mounting Bracket

ABSTRACT: The purpose of an engine mounting bracket is to safely support the power-train system in all conditions. Since it is very difcult to change the supporting locations and types of support after the engine is built, the mounting brackets must be veried in the design stage. The engine mounting connects the engine to the body. If the mounting bracket does not have appropriate stiffness,it can cause noise and vibration. This vibration is passed from the mounting to the body causing body vibration. A weak bracket can also lead to rolling vibration of the engine or shock from deceleration and accelleration. Due to these factors, it is very important that the engine mounting bracket have enough stiffness and strength. Strength analysis needs to be performed to verify the bracket properties early in the design stage. The strength analysis computes the magnitude of a load from the mass of the engine, including a factor of safety, and applies this load to each engine mounting bracket. The stress analysis is perfomed with these boundary conditions and the analyst veries that results are within an acceptable range. . Solution Type : SOL101 Linear Static Analysis

< Model Geometry >

58

Calculate the magnitude of loading before being applied. Even if the component of load in the vertical direction is already known as 450 Kgf, the direction of the actual force is not vertical direction of the cylinder but fteen degrees in right and left direction with respect to the vertical axis. Therefore, their components, F, should be calculated. 2 F cos 15o = 450 F = 450 / (2 cos 15 o) = 232.935 This F is not applied to one point but applied evenly to eleven nodes existing in the direction of length of the cylinder. Force per grid point : 232.935/11 = 21.176 Create the cylindrical coordinate in the origin to apply loads easily. Geometry | Create | Coord | Euler

Type : Cylindrical

The directrion of the coordinate is; X-axis : 90o

Y-axis : 0 o

Z-axis : 0 o.

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Post the cylindrical part only to apply loads easily. Group|Post... Select Groups to Post : select the circle only. Apply

Edit the load conditions. N Loads / BCs Create | Force | Nodal New Set Name : Force 1 Input Data....==> Click. Force < F1 F2 F3 > : < 21.176, , > Analysis Coordinate Frame : Coord 2 OK Select Application Region.... Geometry Filter N FEM Application Region Select Nodes Node 734 776 927:993:22 1023:1111:22 1142:1152 Add Ok Apply

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Check that loads are applied correctly. N Loads/BCs Plot Markets Assigned Load/BC Sets Force_Force1 Apply

115

The second step : Solution 1. Creating input le for MSC/NASTRAN Until now, the model was completed with elements and nodes and load and boundary conditions were dened. Therefore, all data necessary for the analysis are prepared. Input data necessary to perform MSC/ NASTRAN will be generated in this step. N Analysis Analyze | Entire Model | Analysis Deck Jobname : case1 Solution Type ===> Click Solution Type : N Linear Static Ok Apply===>Input le named case1.bdf is created in the current directory.

The extension of the le name named as case1.bdf, .bdf, means that the le is the bulk data le of MSC/NASTRAN. The created input le named case1.bdf can be performed by MSC/NASTRAN. However, it is desirable to check always whether the input le is created according to analysts intention.

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Editor, a general command, is used to check the input le. > vi case1.bdf <The summary of the content of case1.bdf le> SOL 101 TIME 600 CEND SUBCASE 1 SPC = 2 LOAD = 2 OLOAD=ALL DISP=ALL SPCF=ALL STRESS=ALL BEGIN BULK PARAM POST -1 RAN $ Direct Text Input for Bulk Data $ Elements and Element Properties for region : thick3.2 PSHELL 2 CQUAD4 1 CQUAD4 2 CQUAD4 3 CQUAD4 4 CQUAD4 5 CQUAD4 6 CQUAD4 7 CQUAD4 8 CQUAD4 9 CQUAD4 10 CQUAD4 11 . . . CQUAD4 1309 2 1332 990 968 1331 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3.2 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 15 15 16 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 12 29 28 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 9 10 11 29 =============> check the element property 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 13 12 15 ===============> request to create case1.op2 for post-processing with MSC/PAT===============> register the constraints ===============> register the load condition ===============> print the summation of applied loads (edit seperately) ===============> print displacements of all grid points ===============> print the reaction forces on constrained points ===============> print stresses of all elements =============> the type of a linear static structural analysis

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CQUAD4 1310 2 CQUAD4 1311 2 CQUAD4 1312 2 CQUAD4 1313 2 CQUAD4 1314 2 CQUAD4 1315 2 CQUAD4 1316 2

1333 1012 990 1332 1334 871 1012 1333 1335 1042 871 1334 1336 1064 1042 1335 1337 1086 1064 1336 1338 1108 1086 1337 1339 1130 1108 1338

$ Referenced Material Records $ Material Record : steel MAT1 GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID . . . GRID GRID GRID GRID GRID 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 -42.6229 4.30000-7.03834 -42.6229 9.80000-7.03834 -42.6229 15.3000-7.03834 -42.6229 20.8000-7.03834 -42.6228 26.0000-7.03834 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 20700. .3 =======================> check the material property $ Nodes of the Entire Model 8.30000 86.8000 87.0000 8.29999 86.8000 42.3951 8.30000 86.8000 81.4244 8.30000 86.8000 75.8488 8.30000 86.8000 70.2731 8.3 86.8000 64.6975 8.3 86.8000 59.1219 8.29999 86.8000 53.5463 8.29999 86.8000 47.9707 8.29999 66.7999 42.3951 8.29999 80.1333 42.3951

$ Loads for Load Case : Default SPCADD 2 LOAD 2 1 1. 3 1. 1 =========> the constraint registered in SUBCASE1 as SPC=2 =========> the load condition registered in SUBCASE1 as LOAD=2

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$ Displacement Constraints of Load Set : all_x SPC1 SPC1 1 3 123456 158 THRU 181 3 351 THRU 374 $ Displacement Constraints of Load Set : tz_x

$ Nodal Forces of Load Set : Force1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 FORCE 1 734 2 776 2 927 2 949 2 971 2 993 2 1023 2 1045 2 1067 2 1089 2 1111 2 1142 2 1143 2 1144 2 1145 2 1146 2 1147 2 1148 2 1149 2 1150 2 1151 2 1152 2 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 21.716 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

$ Referenced Coordinate Frames CORD2C 2 + N-4.37-8 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. + N =====> the coordinate to be used to apply the load

ENDDATA

==================================================> the end of input le

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2. Checking the result le after running and executing MSC/NASTRAN After checking the input le, perform MSC/NASTRAN. J nastran case1.bdf First of all, check whether there are fatal errors, and whether the value of epsilon is less than 10-6. If the value of epsilon is greater than 10-6, then analyst should check the model because there may be unstable factors. In other words, check up duplicate nodes, duplicate elements, a hinge due to the difference of DOF, etc. Also, after checking the external forces and the reaction forces, verify that magnitude of a displacement is in the linear region.

>vi case1.f06 < the summary of the content of case1.f06 le > SOL 101 TIME 600 $ DIRECT TEXT INPUT FOR EXECUTIVE CONTROL CEND 0 0 CARD COUNT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 SEALL = ALL SUPER = ALL TITLE = MSC/NASTRAN JOB CREATED ON 24-SEP-97 AT 17:45:10 ECHO = NONE MAXLINES = 999999999 $ DIRECT TEXT INPUT FOR GLOBAL CASE CONTROL DATA SUBCASE 1 $ SUBCASE NAME : DEFAULT SUBTITLE=DEFAULT SPC = 2 CASE CONTROL DECK ECHO

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11 12 13 14 15 16 0 0

LOAD = 2 OLOAD=ALL DISPLACEMENT(SORT1,REAL)=ALL SPCFORCES(SORT1,REAL)=ALL STRESS(SORT1,REAL,VONMISES,BILIN)=ALL BEGIN BULK INPUT BULK DATA CARD COUNT = 2651 TOTAL COUNT= 2640

0 0 0 1 T1 T2

OLOAD RESULTANT T3 R1 R2 R3 4.4601184E+02 -5.2275796E+00 0.0000000E+00 8.3786901E-04 -2.4100974E-02 -1.9632772E-13 EPSILON EXTERNAL WORK EPSILONS LARGER THAN .001 ARE FLAGGED WITH ASTERISKS 1.0322804E+02

LOAD SEQ. NO. 1

-2.6157543E-13

0 0 0 0 T1 1 T2

SPCFORCE RESULTANT T3 R1 R2 R3 -4.4601184E+02 5.2275796E+00 1.0044232E-10 -8.3787105E-04 2.4100967E-02 -1.2557186E-08

DISPLACEMENT VECTOR POINT ID. TYPE T1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 G T2 T3 R1 R2 R3 -9.692291E-05 -8.521343E-05 -1.257081E-03 5.270182E-04 -1.401420E-03 4.542482E-04 -1.249428E-03 3.532296E-04 -8.780626E-04 2.108079E-04 -4.982703E-04 1.010211E-04 -2.477344E-04 -1.501670E-06 -1.220527E-04 -6.036313E-05 -1.116166E-04 1.617573E-04 -5.197330E-05 -9.569000E-05

G -3.388117E-02 5.967543E-04 -3.476353E-04 -1.073203E-04 -8.464418E-04 5.435654E-04 1.705256E-03 -1.505788E-04 -2.252729E-04 .0 G -2.778594E-02 4.691521E-04 -3.199295E-04 .0 G -2.004636E-02 3.697563E-04 -3.162545E-04 .0 G -1.228214E-02 2.594843E-04 -3.140836E-04 .0 G -6.052270E-03 1.463794E-04 -2.931711E-04 .0 G -2.046922E-03 5.145672E-05 -2.621209E-04 .0 G G G G 6.992900E-05 -1.912706E-05 -2.384312E-04 .0 1.108005E-03 -8.286034E-05 -2.268947E-04 .0 7.732020E-04 -1.197503E-04 1.196657E-06 .0 1.064274E-03 -1.464049E-04 -1.380086E-04 .0

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12 0

4.626031E-04 -1.306775E-04 -5.964141E-05 .0 SUBCASE 1

-5.272346E-05 -3.611754E-05

LOAD VECTOR POINT ID. TYPE T1 734 G 776 927 949 971 993 1023 1045 1067 1089 1111 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G T2 T3 R1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 R2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 R3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0

1.936063E+01 -9.836187E+00 2.170703E+01 -6.242449E-01 1.843098E+01 -1.148406E+01 1.993994E+01 -8.601365E+00 2.097365E+01 -5.629444E+00 2.159627E+01 -2.277220E+00

2.160161E+01 2.226015E+00 .0 2.114079E+01 4.965018E+00 .0 2.038867E+01 7.475735E+00 .0 1.943528E+01 9.687855E+00 .0 1.843098E+01 1.148406E+01 .0 1.843103E+01 -1.148398E+01 1.936065E+01 -9.836150E+00 1.993995E+01 -8.601331E+00 2.097367E+01 -5.629372E+00 2.159627E+01 -2.277204E+00 2.170703E+01 -6.242368E-01 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0

2.160161E+01 2.226004E+00 .0 2.114080E+01 4.964996E+00 .0 2.038869E+01 7.475703E+00 .0 1.943530E+01 9.687818E+00 .0 1.843101E+01 1.148402E+01 .0

SUBCASE 1 FORCES OF SINGLE-POINT CONSTRAINT POINT ID. TYPE T1 T2 T3 R1 R2 R3

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7 8 14 16 17 27 28 30 34 39 0

G G G G G G G G G G

.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0

.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0

.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0

2.166371E-06 .0 -3.478547E-06 .0 2.914168E-05 .0 9.358940E-06 .0 -2.637488E-05 .0 3.833955E-06 .0 -2.963803E-06 .0 8.032917E-21 .0 -1.770970E-06 .0 3.382080E-05 .0 SUBCASE 1

.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0

STRESSES IN QUADRILATERAL ELEMENTS (QUAD4) ELEMENT ID FIBRE

OPTION = BILIN

STRESSES IN ELEMENT COORD SYSTEM PRINCIPAL STRESSES (ZERO SHEAR) VON MISES

GRID-ID DISTANCE NORMAL-X NORMAL-Y SHEAR-XY ANGLE MAJOR MINOR

0 1 CEN/4 -1.600000E+00 -3.718809E-01 -2.568718E+00 2.515556E-02 .6560 -3.715929E-01 -2.569006E+00 2.404839E+00 1.600000E+00 3.717893E-01 2.608708E+00 3.783849E-02 89.0312 2.609348E+00 3.711494E-01 2.444993E+00 3 -1.600000E+00 -4.847836E-01 -2.689847E+00 2.515556E-02 .6535 -4.844967E-01 -2.690134E+00 2.483586E+00

1.600000E+00 3.408120E-01 2.439261E+00 3.783849E-02 88.9673 2.439943E+00 3.401299E-01 2.288911E+00 23 -1.600000E+00 -4.291624E-01 -2.495634E+00 2.515556E-02 .6973 -4.288563E-01 -2.495940E+00 2.311544E+00

1.600000E+00 4.489827E-01 2.797545E+00 3.783849E-02 89.0772 2.798155E+00 4.483733E-01 2.603092E+00 22 -1.600000E+00 -2.626563E-01 -2.454165E+00 2.515556E-02 .6576 -2.623676E-01 -2.454453E+00 2.334354E+00

1.600000E+00 3.999416E-01 2.767264E+00 3.783849E-02 89.0845 2.767869E+00 3.993370E-01 2.591381E+00 1 -1.600000E+00 -3.145123E-01 -2.636364E+00 2.515556E-02 .6207 -3.142398E-01 -2.636637E+00 2.494406E+00

1.600000E+00 2.983108E-01 2.430919E+00 3.783849E-02 88.9838 2.431590E+00 2.976396E-01 2.297277E+00 0 2 CEN/4 -1.600000E+00 -8.626834E-02 -7.314132E-01 -1.397349E-01 -11.7109 -5.730297E-02 -7.603786E-01 7.334080E-01 1.600000E+00 4.526021E-02 7.575784E-01 1.414459E-01 79.1699 7.846376E-01 1.820105E-02 7.756972E-01 4 -1.600000E+00 -3.429305E-01 -9.712070E-01 -1.397349E-01 -11.9902 -3.132538E-01 -1.000884E+00 8.867725E-01 1.600000E+00 3.053080E-01 9.331093E-01 1.414459E-01 77.8717 9.635058E-01 2.749115E-01 8.596749E-01

123

24 -1.600000E+00 -2.279778E-01 -6.168498E-01 -1.397349E-01 -17.8518 -1.829744E-01 -6.618532E-01 5.919688E-01 1.600000E+00 2.314744E-01 7.193519E-01 1.414459E-01 74.9465 7.573937E-01 1.934326E-01 6.815841E-01 23 -1.600000E+00 1.702557E-01 -4.873516E-01 -1.397349E-01 -11.5123 1.987162E-01 -5.158121E-01 6.387883E-01 1.600000E+00 -2.138885E-01 5.797360E-01 1.414459E-01 80.1906 6.041919E-01 -2.383445E-01 7.522379E-01 3 -1.600000E+00 5.926153E-02 -8.511710E-01 -1.397349E-01 -8.5323 8.022559E-02 -8.721350E-01 9.148897E-01 1.600000E+00 -1.463379E-01 7.979878E-01 1.414459E-01 81.6617 8.187191E-01 -1.670692E-01 9.137811E-01

**** ANALYSIS SUMMARY TABLE **** SEID PEID PROJ VERS APRCH SEMG SEMR SEKR SELG SELR MODES DYNRED SOLLIN PVALID SOLNL LOOPID DESIGN CYCLE SENSITIVITY -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0 0 1 1' ' T T T T T F F T 0 F -1 0 F

SEID = SUPERELEMENT ID. PEID = PRIMARY SUPERELEMENT ID OF IMAGE SUPERELEMENT. PROJ = PROJECT ID NUMBER. VERS = VERSION ID. APRCH = BLANK FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS. HEAT FOR HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS. SEMG = STIFFNESS AND MASS MATRIX GENERATION STEP. SEMR = MASS MATRIX REDUCTION STEP (INCLUDES EIGENVALUE SOLUTION FOR MODES). SEKR = STIFFNESS MATRIX REDUCTION STEP. SELG = LOAD MATRIX GENERATION STEP. SELR = LOAD MATRIX REDUCTION STEP. MODES = T (TRUE) IF NORMAL MODES OR BUCKLING MODES CALCULATED. DYNRED = T (TRUE) MEANS GENERALIZED DYNAMIC AND/OR COMPONENT MODE REDUCTION PERFORMED. SOLLIN = T (TRUE) IF LINEAR SOLUTION EXISTS IN DATABASE. PVALID = P-DISTRIBUTION ID OF P-VALUE FOR P-ELEMENTS LOOPID = THE LAST LOOPID VALUE USED IN THE NONLINEAR ANALYSIS. USEFUL FOR RESTARTS. SOLNL = T (TRUE) IF NONLINEAR SOLUTION EXISTS IN DATABASE. DESIGN CYCLE = THE LAST DESIGN CYCLE (ONLY VALID IN OPTIMIZATION). SENSITIVITY = SENSITIVITY MATRIX GENERATION FLAG. 1 * * * END OF JOB * * *

************************************************************************************

124

The third step : Post-processing (Verifying the results) If verifying the text results is done, then read case1.op2 in PATRAN.

Analysis Read Output2 | Resulties | Translate Select Result File... ===> Click Select Result File : case1.op2 ===> select via clicking OK Apply Display the deformed shape. Group | Create... Since result post is in the current group, do group FEM only. New Group Name : all_fem Make Current Unpost All Other Groups Group Contents : Add All FEM Apply N Results | Basic

Select Fringe Result 1. 1_Displacement,Translational Result Quantity : Magnitude Select Deformation Result 2.1_Displacement, Translational Apply

No-show all message on the upper portion of viewport Display | Result... Erase Show Result Title.

Display only the deformed shape except the original model. Display | Results.... Show Undeformed Entities ===> set off

125

Display the contour of von Mises stresses.

Select Fringe Result

1. 1_Stress Tensor Result Quantity : Von Mises Select Deformation Result 1. 1_Displacement, Translational Apply

Display various analysis results. (For example, displacements, Ux, Uy, and Uz, stresses, Sx, Sy, and Sz,......)

126

< The steps of the Analysis Procedure >

The rst Step : Modeling
(Geometric Shapes, Material and Physical Property, Boundary and Load Conditions)

METHOD create a model with a drawings in Patran. import a CAD Model created already. (IGES, CATIA, Pro/Engineer, CADDS5, EUCLID-3, Unigraphics) 2nd Step : Solution Generate the input data for MSC/NASTRAN and perform NASTRAN for output le. 3rd Step : Post-processing (Verifying the results) Check the results printed as text le or verify graphically by using MSC/PATRAN. The First Step : Modeling Start Patran. % > p7

METHOD click Preferences | Analysis...in main menu. Analysis Preference

Decide Analysis Code and Type

lename.bdf for input data

lemane.op2 for output data

59

click File | New...

New Model Preference

In case of Based on Model, if the size model is maximum, the tolerance is 0.05% of its size.

Default value of the tolerance is 0.005.

File | New ...

New DataBase Name Ok New Model Preferences Use default value. | Ok Object : Model Source : IGES

case 1

Import IGES File. File | Import

conrm the directory that the le to be imported exists. Double click */.. to go back to the preceding directory. Click the le name on the list on the right side.

- Apply -

60

Displaying a table summarizing the imported IGES le.

OK Warning Trimming Loop is not closed for Trimmed Surface dened on Parameter Data Line number 3226 in the IGES le. The Trimmed surface was not processed. Reset and select OK button. A solid model built up by surfaces. Meshing shell elements on outside surface of the solid model.

(Iso 3) View

61

Meshing the model.

First, mesh the outside surface on the right of the quadrilateral shape of parts in the model

Group | Create

right New Group Name Click Select Box and when the cursor is blinking, Edit a group name. Make Current When this switch is on, the Group is current and all elements to be created belong to this group (right).

- Apply Cancel To maintain the view when translating, rotating, and zooming the model, work the following.

Preference | Graphics.. Switch off all toggles shown on the right . Apply
(By one click, toggle on or off.)

Cancel Geometry Curves to make surfaces are obtained from imported surfaces. Create | Curve |ExtractOption : Edge (generate curve on a surface boundary Edge)

Change to ( Top ) View.

Auto Execute Edge List : By dragging mouse select this area.

(For this, Preference|Picking.. Enclose Centroid is useful.)

-Apply-

62

Post only curve entities made. Group | Post ...

Select Group to Post right

Apply

Cancel

( Iso 3 )View Add curve to unconnected section. Create | Curve | Point Option : 2 Point Auto Execute Even though no points are included in the current Group and displayed, curve can be created. Starting Point List (select upper point) Curve 11.1 (means the position of vertex 1 of curve 11) Ending Point List (select lower point) Curve 1.1 (means the position of vertex 1 of curve 1)

Create edge curves on the inside surface of three pipe in total model. Group | Post... Select All Apply Cancel

63

1 3

5 4 2

Create | Curve | Extract

Option : Edge Auto Execute Edge List : select curve in the order of the number appeared on the above picture.
(Highlighted in orange color)

Surface23.1 24.1 25.1 26.1 27.1 28.1 Apply Group | Post... Select Groups to Post right Apply Cancel

Tool | List | Create... Geometry | Point | Association Association Curve Curve Curve 1:27 (select all curves in the right group) Target List A Apply

64

List A

When clicking, List Save Menu is displayed.

List Save Group Name right (Current group is listed up.)

(Select a group to save the contents of list A.)

Apply To nish, click cancel in target list. (Point Size ) Scale up points on screen.
Default size of the point is 9. Reduce this size to 5, which is appropriate for looking.

Display | Geometry

Point Size 5 Apply Cancel Move three small circles on the picture to the surface made by straight lines. Measure the distance between small and large circles. Points have nothing to do with circles. Show | Point | Distance Option : Point Auto Execute First Point List (Refer to label on the next page.) Point 51 (Select a point on the small circle.) Second Point List Point 27 (Select a point on the large circle)

Transform | Curve | Translate

Cancel Translation Vector < -5 0 0 >

65

Delete Original Curves Auto Execute Curve List Curve 22:27 Apply Do you wish to delete the original curves?

( Show Label ) on Display | Entity/Label.... Change Show Label Size to 8 and apply, then the label Size is reduced like the size on the picture on the left.

Before transform

After transfom

66

If meshing is done on trimmed surfaces made using curves shown on the above, meshes are not well-shaped. To make well-shaped mesh, divide curves and create surfaces as following picture.

If the surface is created like the above, a well-shaped mesh can be obtained. Break the circle in halves. Edit | Curve | Break Option : Parametric Parametric Value : 0.5 Auto Execute Select all circle curves on the curve list of right Group. By using Polygon Pick ofSelectMenu, Curve 5:10 28:33 select curves with ease. Apply

67

Do you wish to delete the original curves? Yes

Circles broken Edit | Curve | Break Option : Point Auto Execute Curve List Curve 3 (Upper curve) Break Point List Point 116 120 118 Apply Do you wish to delete the original curves? Yes

Curve List Curve 4 (Lower curve on the right) Break Point List Point 115 119 Apply Do you wish to delete the original curves? Yes

68

Curve List Curve 1 (Lower curve on the left) Break Point List Point 117 Apply Do you wish to delete the original curves? Yes

Create curves for surface. Create | Curve | Point

Option : 2 Point Auto Execute Starting Point List Point 129 Ending Point List Point 116 Create curves with referring to labels, hereafter. Point 115 131/ 128 120/ 119 130/ 127 118/ 117 132

69

Merge unconnected curves before creating surfaces. Edit | Curve | Merge Curve List Select with holding Shift Key. Curve 36 35 Apply Do you wish to delete the original curves? Yes * Merge coupled curves by two.

No show labels of points.

( Label Control )

(Click point only. Then, labels of unhighlighted elements are disappeared.)

Edit | Curve | Break

/37 34 / 44 43 / 45 42 / 40 39 / 41 38 / 62 66 Option : Point Auto Execute

Curve List Curve 65 Break Point Point 108 105 Apply Do you wish to delete the original curves? Yes

70

Click (Right Side View) to change the view. Viewing | Angles... Model Relative Angles -90, 0.0, 0.0 Apply (Auto Scale View ). Give a name to the current view and store it to reuse. Viewing | Named View Options... Create View... v1 Apply Close Creating a trimmed Surface. To make a surface which is composed of over 4 edges, create a outline curve by connecting curves with chain and use Create | Surface | Trimmed. Method to create a outline curve. .By using Auto Chain.. in Create | Curve | Chain, select curves to be connected one by one in the curve list.. .Auto Chain... in Create | Surface | Trimmed is also available. Create | Surface | Trimmed Option : Planar Auto Chain...

Auto Execute Select Start a Curve Curve 2 Blue points are generated on the curve selected next Choose Curve to Continue Curve 64 If curves for a surface are listed, then OK, or click Next to list up curves to be connected at the end point of

71

Curve 2. Next Curve List Curve 68 74 68 57

The following question is issued when the end point of the last selected curve is reached to the end point of a starting curve. Do you wish to delete the original curves?

No

* The next chain curve to be created Select Start a Curve Curve 67 Curve to Continue Curve 74 68 63 70 75 69 60 Do you wish to delete the original curves? No

Select Start a Curve Curve 69 Curve to Continue Curve 76 70 79 72 77 71 59 Do you wish to delete the original curves? No

72

Select Start a Curve Curve 71 Curve to Continue Curve 78 72 82 20 19 12 15 16 80 21 11 58 Do you wish to delete the original curves? No Cancel

Outer Loop List (select the curve generated previously by the chain.) Curve 83 - Apply Do you wish delete the original curves? No

(Display Line) on

Outer Loop List Curve 84 - Apply Do you wish delete the original curves? No

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Outer Loop List Curve 85 -ApplyDo you wish delete the original curves? No Outer Loop List Curve 86 -ApplyDo you wish delete the original curves? No Cancel

(Display Line) off The arrow indicates the point located in the boundary between the rectangular component in working and a large circle on the bottom. To coincide the element edges of both components, associate the point with the surface (by this step, the surface is meshed with creating nodes on associated points). Group | Post.. Select All Apply (Hide labels)

Associate | Point | Surface Auto Execute Point List Select Point 4 Surface List Indicating (created previously) Select Surface 58
The location of triangle points is the boundary that the upper and lower components are connected.
(if associated, then symbol is a triangular)

Group | Post ...

Select Groups to Post right

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Apply Cancel Finite Element Dene the number of elements around a circle is four in Mesh Seed. Create | Mesh Seed | Uniform Number 4 Auto Execute Curve List Curve 73:78 Apply

Create | Mesh | Surface

Global Edge Length

Paver Surface List : select all surface in right group. Surface 55:58 Apply Viewing | Named ViewOptions
Click V1 stored previously to change a view.

The meshed surfaces.

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For the rest of the space, do 2 Curve Mesh using two curves faced each other. Merge the curve of the small circle rst. Geometry Edit | Curve | Merge

Curve List : after clicking every two the paired curves,

/ 47 48 / 51 52 / 50 53 / 55 56 / 54 57 /

Apply

After having merged, mesh the circumference of the circle with two curves (for large and small circle) of circles facing each other and then mesh the left empty region shaped of rectangular too. Create | Mesh | 2 Curves Global Edge Length 6 Auto Execute Curve 1 List : Curve 2 List : Unpost elements for a convenient view. (Plot /Erase) Click Erase All FEM. Ok

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Meshing a circle part. / 73 87 / 74 88 / 75 89 / 76 90 /77 91 / 78 92 / Meshing the rectangular, empty region on the left. / 20 18 / 18 17 / 17 16 / Meshing by selecting every two the paired curves.

2 Curve Mesh

Coincide duplicated nodes by plot all elements. (Plot /Erase) Plot All Entities Ok Coincide duplicated nodes. Equivalence | All | Tolerance Cube

Apply

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Mesh is nished on this side, then mesh the opposite side. Create a new group. Group | Create ... New Group Name : left Make Current Apply Cancel Finite Elements Use Copy function to create elements on the opposite surface. Transform | Element | Translate Translation Vector (Tip ans base points) Click

2 1
Click Point 1 rst, and then click Point2.

Auto Execute Element List

Select all elements meshed on the right group.

Elm 1:156 Apply

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transformed elements.

Copied elements will be included in the left group. Creating elements on the left surface. Sweep | Element | Extrude Mesh Control Number Ok Direction Vector

( Tip and base Points ) Click

View is current.

In Select Menu, change to Node and select. And then change again to Point and select.

Base Entity List

(Elements Edge ) After picking the polygon, select the element edge.

Apply

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.shell elements created at element edge by the sweep command. After having meshed on surfaces faced each other, mesh the region to be connected by those surfaces. Sweep | Element | Extrude Mesh Control Number 6 Direction Vector (Tip and Base Points )

2 1

Click Point 1 rst, and then Point 2.

Base Entity List (Elements Edge )

select the element edge with Polygon Pick.

Apply

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Display | Plot /Erase ...

Erase All Geometry Ok (Hidden Plot )

(Wireframe) Display | Plot /Erase... Plot All Entities Ok Erase All FEM

(Plot / Erase)

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Create surfaces on the rest of spaces and mesh. Geometry Transform | Curve | Translate Translation Vector (Tip and Base Points)

Click Point 1 rst, and then Point 2.

Auto Execute Curve List :

Click the surface edge (Orange) on the back.

Surface 7.1 10.3 6.1 Apply

.Curves created on the front by copy Edit | Curve | Merge Curve List Select three curves created newly. Curve 93:95 (refer to the next picture) Apply Do you wish to delete the original curves?Yes

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Create | Surface | Curve

Option : 2 Curve

Auto Execute Starting Curve List Surface 29.4 Click upper surface edge and lower curve merged. Ending Curve LIst Curve 96

Create points on boundary nodes in order to mesh with respect to the element edge of left group which was already meshed, and associate them with surfaces. (Plot / Erase) Create | Point | XYZ Plot All Entities Auto Execute Point Coordinate List Change Select Menu to Node and select. Node 364:367 470 491 Apply

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Associate points with the surface. Associate | Point | Surface Auto Execute Point List Point 133:138
Select points created previously with dragging mouse.

Surface List Surface 60 Apply

.Associated points

Fit together the number of element edge to the upper surface by setting the mesh seed as 6 on the upper edge of surface 60. Finite Element Create | Mesh Seed | Uniform Number 6 Curve List Surface 60.4 Apply Create | Mesh | Surface Global Edge Length 6 Mesher .Paver

84

Auto Execute Surface List Select the surface created previously. Surface 60

.Hidden plot of right, left, and default groups whose meshing is completed. (If the geometry and elements are
plotted together, the hidden plot is not clear)

Display | Plot /Erase

Erase All Geometry OK

(Refresh Graphics)

.a distinct picture of hidden plot Display | Plot /Erase Plot All Entities Ok (Wireframe )

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Creating a pipe passing through a circle. Group | Create New Group Name pipe Make Current Apply Group | Post Select Group to Post default_group, right, pipe Apply Cancel Sweep | Element | Extrude Mesh Control

2 1 Number : 6 Ok Direction Vector (Tip and Base Points)

Dene a vector with two points

Base Entity (Element Edge)

Select element edges around the circle (Orange).

Apply

.elements making up Pipe.

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Group | Post

Equivalence | All | Tolerance Cube

Select All Apply Cancel Apply

Display | Plot/Erase...

Erase All FEM Ok (Front View)

Group | Create ...

New Group Name

support1

Entity Selection Select by dragging a mouse. Apply

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Group | Post ...

Select Group to Post support 1 Apply Cancel Option : Planar Auto Chain...

Geometry Create | Surface | Trimmed

Create new curves by connecting curves forming the lower surface and generate a new surface.

This surface is created by extruding the element boundary edges which are made from the surface. Auto Execute Select a Start Curve Surface 51.1 Choose Curve to Continue Surface 50.7 Then, OK. If the bellow surface edges and curves are shown, then OK, or do next to get them.
Surface 49.1 48.4 47.2 Curve 16

Do you wish to delete the original curves? No Cancel Outer Loop List Select curves created before by chain. Curve 97 Apply Do you wish to delete the original curves? No

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Lets check the weight of the structure before meshing the support1 group.

When assuming that there is a coordinate frame inside the circle on the picture, the load, 450Kgf, is applied to the portion, where the arrows are indicating on the picture, to the x-direction (by 15 degrees on both sides, total is 30 degrees). Therefore, nodes for element are created on those points better.

Group | Post ...

Select Group to Post default_group, support1 Apply Cancel

Create a temporary coordinate frame in order to generate a node on the loading positions. Create three points necessary to dene a coordinate frame. Create | Point | ArcCenter .Auto Execute

Curve List
Create the center point of the circle.

Select the surface sdge. Surface 3.1 a created point 139.

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Create a new point necessary to dene the z axis. Create | Point | Extract Parametric Position : 0.5 Auto Execute Curve List Click the surface edge selected just before. Surface 3.1 Then, two points are created. Create | Coord | 3 Point Type : Rectangular Auto Execute Origin : click the center point (139) of the circle. Point on Axis 3 : click the extracted point (140). Point on Plane 1-3 : click point 5 on the right side from the center
of the circle

140

139 5 Point 104

Transform | Point | Rotate

Axis (Coordinate System Direction 2) Click

click a new coordinate.

Coord 1.2

Rotation Angle : -30 Auto Execute Point List Point 104

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A copied point

Associate copied points with the surface Geometry Associate | Point | Surface

Auto Execute Point List Point 141 Surface List

Surface 61 Apply (Associate : When meshing a surface, create nodes on the positions where points and curves are associated, and mesh.

Surface 61

Associated point (A triangle mark means a successful association.)

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If meshing is started on the surface, then nodes are created on the associated points and meshing is done. Group | Post ... Select Group to Post support 1 Apply Cancel Finite Mesh Global Edge Length 6 Paver Surface List Surface 61 Apply

Click surface 61.

This surface copies the elements of the surface 61 meshed already.

Transform | Element | Translate

Translation Vector

Click
Clicking point 1, and then click point2 .

Element List Select via dragging mouse. Elm 683:712 Apply

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Elements on the side surface via transforming. Sweep | Element | Extrude Mesh Control... Number Ok Direction Vector

(Click) Click point 1 rst, and then click point 2. Base Entity List (Elements Edge) Click

Select fteen element edges. 2 1

Apply

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The completed extrusion

Group | Post...

Select Group to Post right, support1 Apply Cancel Apply

Equivalence | All | Tolerance Cube

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Creating a element directly. Create | Element | Edit

Shape : Quad Topology : Quad4 Pattern : Standard Auto Execute Node =1 : Node 875 Node =2 : Node 130 Node =3 : Node 128 Node =4 : Node 964

Create four elements with selecting nodes by referring to the node label on the picture.

(964 128 129 948) (948 129 127 932) (932 127 123 828) Next, mesh the support on the opposite side. Group | Post ... Select Group to Post default_groupApply Cancel

Do grouping the geometry data on the opposite side named as support2. Group | Create ... New Group Name support2

(Front View)

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Entity Selection Select via dragging mouse. Apply Cancel

Group | Post...

Select group to Post Select left, support2 with holding Ctrl Key. Apply Cancel To coincide with elements meshed already and the edge, change nodes into points and associated them with the surface. Geometry Create | Point | XYZ Auto Execute Point Coordinate List Click to change a view. Node 372:370:-1 368 471 492

Create points on the nodes.

Apply

Surface 35

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Associate | Point | Surface

Auto Execute Point List Click point created in the previous step. Point 142:147 Surface List Surface 35 Apply

Finite Element Create | Mesh | Surface Global Edge Length 8

Paver Surface List Surface 35

Apply Post the support2 group only and mesh. Group | Post ...

Select Group to Post Support2 Apply Cancel

Complete the other side of surface via copying the elements of surface 35 meshed already. Transform | Element | Translate Translation Vector Click

97

Dene vector with point

The copied elements. 2 1

Element List Elm 807:826 Apply Create | Mesh Seed | Uniform Number

Select elements via the surface mesh.

Curve List Surface 38.3 Apply

Create | Mesh | Surface

Global Edge Length

IsoMesh

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Surface 38

Surface List Surface 38 37 Apply Surface 37 The surface mesh

Group | Post ...

Equivalance | All | Tolerance Cube

Select Group to Post support2, left Apply Cancel Apply

Create a element by selecting node directly on the upper part of the support. Create | Element | Edit Shape : Quad Topology : Quad4 Pattern : Standard Auto Execute

Node 1 : 376 Node 2 : 1005 Node 3 : 1060 Node 4 : 374 ...Node.

Select the parenthesized node.

(374 1060 1052 375) (375 1052 1044 373) (373 1044 973 369)

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Do Hidden-Line-plot the meshed model. Group | Post

Select Groups To Post Select All Apply Cancel Erase All Geometry Ok Cancel (Iso 3 View) (Hidden Line)

Display | Plot /Erase...

The hidden line plot of the elements except geometry data.

Display | Plot/Erase...

Plot All Entities Ok Cancel (Wireframe)

Next, mesh the lower, large circle. (use Sweep | Extrude) Group | Create ... New Group Name Make Current Apply Cancel circle

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Sweep | Element | Extrude

Mesh Control... Number Ok Direction Vector 1

( Click ) Dene a vector with two points Click point 1 rst, and then click point 2.

Base Entity List

Select ten element boundary edges (Orange). (Element edges included in support1 group)

(Select four element edges in support2 group.) Apply

101

Elements extruded to negative Y direction.

Sweep | Element | Extrude

Mesh Control Number Direction Vector (Click) Click the point. Click the point 1

Base Entity List (Element Edge) Select nine element edges on this surface edge. Apply

102

Extruded elements

The circle group is created by extruding elements with checking with element edges meshed in the right group. Group | Post ... Select Groups to Post circle, right Apply Cancel (Post two groups only. The current group is the circle.) Sweep | Element | Extrude Mesh Control Number Direction Vector 1

(Click) Dene a vector with two points.

Click point 1 rst, and then click point

2.

Extrude Distance 3.2 is listed..

Base Entity List (Elements Edge) Select all element edges around the circle (orange).
Apply

103

Extruded elements

Sweep | Element | Extrude

Mesh Control Number 2 (the number of elements for the next is two.) Direction Vector (Click)

Extrude Distance 13.6 Offset 3.2

Input the magnitude of the extrusion used previously.

Base Entity List

Use the same element edge list selected before.

Apply

Sweep | Element | Extrude

Mesh Control Number 1 (the number of elements for the next is one.)

104

Direction Vector

(Click)

2
Click point 1 rst, and then click point

2.

Extrude Distance 3.2 Offset 16.8

Add the magnitude of the extrusion used before and input that number.

Base Entity List

Use the same element edge list selected before.

Apply

Sweep | Element | Extrude

Mesh Control Number 4 (the number of elements for the next is four.) Direction Vector (Click)

2 1

Click point 1 rst, and then click point 2.

Extrude Distance 22 Offset 20

Add the magnitude of the extrusion used before and input that number.

Base Entity List

Use the same element edge list selected before.

Apply

105

Sweep | Element | Extrude

Mesh Control Number4 (the number of elements for the next is four.) Direction Vector (Click)

Click point 1 rst, and then click point 2.

Extrude Distance 5.2 Offset 42

Add the magnitude of the extrusion used before and input that number.

Base Entity List

Use the same element edge list selected before.

Apply

Complete the circle group using the geometry of the default group (use Sweep | Arc). Group | Post ... Select Groups To Post circle, default_group Apply Cancel Sweep | Element | Arc Mesh Control... Number Axis 4

(Coordinate System direction 2) Coord 1.2 (Click the coordinate created before) Sweep Angle 30.0 (value that a loading location is considered) Base Entity List (Element Edge) Apply

106

(The color of elements may be changed, but no problem.)

Select element edges with

Polygon Pick.

Swept Elements

Complete the circle model with the element edges again. Sweep | Element | Arc Mesh Control... Number 16 Axis (Coordinate System Direction 2)

107

Coord 1.2 Sweep Angle 150.0 Base Entity List (Elements Edge)
Select the marked region in the previous page with Polygon Pick.

Apply

Swept Elements

Equivalence | All | Tolerance Cube

Apply

Meshing of the model is completed. Check the element boundaries via posting all group.

108

Group | Post..

Select All Apply Cancel Free Edges Apply

Verify | Element | Boundaries

Display | Plot/Erase

Reset Graphics Erase All Geometry OK

(Hidden Plot )

the completed full model

( Wireframe )

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Renumber | Node

Start ID or List of New IDs1 Node ListSelect the total model. Apply

Total nodes : 1339Total elements : 1316 Create table of a material properties used for components. Materials Create | Isotropic | Manual Input Material Name Input Properties... Elastic Modulus Poisson Ratio Apply | Cancel Input the thickness of each component. Properties Create | 2D | Shell Property Set Namethick Input Properties... 3.2 Steel 20700 0.3

Material m : steel Click steel on the material property sets. Thickness Ok Select Members Click the box, and then (2D element)Click Select all elements. Elm 1:1316 Add Listed up on the application region. Apply Create the boundary conditions. Load / BCs Group | Post 3.2

Select Group to Post right Apply | Cancel New Set Name all_x Input Data... Translations < T1 T2 T3 > <0 0 0>

Create | Displacement | Nodal

110

Rotations <R1 R2 R3> <0 0 0> Ok Select the application region ... FEM Select Nodes
Plot right and left groups, and then select nodes in around circle on the surface to the positive X axis.

Node 158:181 Add Ok Apply

Group | Post ...

Select Group to Post left Apply Cancel New Set Name tz_x Input Data... Translations < T1 T2 T3 > < , , 0> Rotations < R1 R2 R3 > < Ok >

Create | Displacement | Nodal

111

Geometry Filter FEM Select Nodes Select nodes on around circle. Node 351:374 Add Apply

112