CHAPTER XIV THE PROBLEMS OF PAKISTAN I [Problems of border deline !ion nd "o"#l !ion !r nsfer m#s!

be ddressed$ Amon% !&e m n' "roblems !o (&i)& !&e " r!i!ion of Indi in!o P *is! n nd Hind#s! n m#s! %i+e rise (ill be !&e follo(in% !&ree "roblems,./0 T&e "roblem of !&e llo) !ion of !&e fin n)i l sse!s nd li bili!ies of !&e "resen! 1o+ernmen! of Indi 2 .30 T&e "roblem of !&e delimi! !ion of !&e re s2 nd .40 T&e "roblem of !&e !r nsfer of "o"#l !ion from P *is! n !o Hind#s! n nd vice versa5 Of !&ese "roblems !&e firs! is )onse6#en!i l [7)on!in%en!$2 in !&e sense !& ! i! (o#ld be (or!&(&ile !o )onsider i! onl' (&en !&e " r!i!ion of Indi & s been %reed !o b' !&e " r!ies )on)erned5 T&e !(o o!&er "roblems s! nd on differen! foo!in%5 T&e' re )ondi!ions "re)eden! !o P *is! n in !&e sense !& ! !&ere re m n' "eo"le (&o (ill no! m *e #" !&eir mind on P *is! n #nless !&e' re s !isfied !& ! some re son ble nd 8#s! sol#!ion of !&em is "ossible5 I (ill2 !&erefore2 )onfine m'self !o !&e )onsider !ion onl' of !&e l s! !(o "roblems of P *is! n5 II [9& ! mi%&! (e ss#me !o be !&e borders of 9es! nd E s! P *is! n:$ On !&e 6#es!ion of !&e bo#nd ries of P *is! n (e & +e & d so f r no )le r nd #!&ori! !i+e s! !emen! from !&e M#slim Le %#e5 In f )! i! is one of !&e )om"l in!s m de b' !&e Hind#s !& ! (&ile Mr5 ;inn & & s been ) rr'in% on (&irl(ind ) m" i%n in f +o#r of P *is! n2 (&i)& & s res#l!ed in fo#lin% !&e "oli!i) l !mos"&ere in !&e )o#n!r'2 Mr5 ;inn & & s no! !&o#%&! fi! !o inform &is )ri!i)s of !&e de! ils re% rdin% !&e bo#nd ries of &is "ro"osed P *is! n5 Mr5 ;inn &<s r%#men! & s ll lon% been !& ! n' dis)#ssion re% rdin% !&e bo#nd ries of P *is! n is "rem !#re nd !& ! !&e bo#nd ries of P *is! n (ill be m !!er for dis)#ssion (&en !&e "rin)i"le of P *is! n & s been dmi!!ed5 I! m ' be %ood r&e!ori) l ns(er2 b#! i! )er! inl' does no! &el" !&ose (&o (is& !o ""l' !&eir mind (i!&o#! ! *in% sides !o offer (& !e+er &el" !&e' ) n !o brin% bo#! "e )ef#l sol#!ion of !&is "roblem5 Mr5 ;inn & seems !o be #nder !&e im"ression !& ! if "erson is )ommi!!ed !o !&e "rin)i"le of P *is! n2 &e (ill be bo#nd !o ))e"! Mr5 ;inn &<s "l n of P *is! n5 T&ere ) nno! be %re !er mis! *e !& n !&is5 A "erson m ' ))e"! !&e "rin)i"le of P *is! n2 (&i)& onl' me ns !&e " r!i!ion of Indi 5 B#! i! is diffi)#l! !o #nders! nd &o( !&e ))e"! n)e of !&is "rin)i"le ) n )ommi! &im !o Mr5 ;inn &<s "l n of P *is! n5 Indeed if no "l n of P *is! n is s !isf )!or' !o &im &e (ill be 6#i!e free !o o""ose n' form of P *is! n2 l!&o#%& &e m ' be in f +o#r of !&e "rin)i"le of P *is! n5 T&e "l n of P *is! n nd !&e "rin)i"le of P *is! n re !&erefore !(o 6#i!e dis!in)! "ro"osi!ions5 T&ere is no!&in% (ron% in !&is +ie(5 B' ( ' of ill#s!r !ion i! m ' be s id !& ! !&e "rin)i"le of self=de!ermin !ion is li*e n e>"losi+e s#bs! n)e5 One m ' %ree in "rin)i"le !o i!s #se (&en !&e ne)essi!' nd #r%en)' of !&e o)) sion is "ro+ed5 B#! no one ) n )onsen! !o !&e #se of !&e d'n mi!e (i!&o#! firs! *no(in% !&e re !& ! is in!ended !o be blo(n #"5 If !&e d'n mi!e is %oin% !o blo( #" !&e (&ole s!r#)!#re or if i! is no! "ossible !o lo) li?e i!s ""li) !ion !o " r!i)#l r " r!2 &e m ' (ell ref#se !o

""l' !&e d'n mi!e nd "refer !o #se some o!&er me ns of sol+in% !&e "roblem5 S"e)ifi) !ions of bo#nd r' lines seem !&erefore !o be n essen!i l "relimin r' for (or*in% o#! in )on)re!e s& "e !&e "rin)i"le of P *is! n5 E6# ll' essen!i l i! is for bon fide "ro! %onis! of P *is! n no! !o &ide from !&e "#bli) !&e ne)ess r' " r!i)#l rs of !&e s)&eme of P *is! n5 S#)& )on!#m )' nd obs!in )' s [!& !$ s&o(n b' Mr5 ;inn & in ref#sin% !o de)l re !&e bo#nd ries of &is P *is! n is #nfor%i+ ble in s! !esm n5 Ne+er!&eless2 !&ose (&o re in!eres!ed in sol+in% !&e 6#es!ion of P *is! n need no! ( i! !o resol+e !&e "roblems of P *is! n #n!il Mr5 ;inn & )ondes)ends !o %i+e f#ll de! ils5 Onl'2 one & s !o ) rr' on !&e r%#men! on !&e b sis of )er! in ss#m"!ions5 In !&is dis)#ssion I (ill ss#me !& ! (& ! !&e M#slim Le %#e desires is !& ! !&e bo#nd ries of !&e 9es!ern P *is! n s&o#ld be !&e "resen! bo#nd ries of !&e Pro+in)es of !&e Nor!&=9es! Fron!ier2 !&e P#n8 b2 Sind nd B l#)&is! n2 nd !& ! !&e bo#nd ries of E s!ern P *is! n s&o#ld be !&e bo#nd ries of !&e "resen! Pro+in)e of Ben% l (i!& fe( dis!ri)!s of Ass m !&ro(n in5 III [Bo!& M#slims nd Hind#s i%nore !&e need for %en#ine self=de!ermin !ion$ T&e 6#es!ion for )onsider !ion !&erefore is, Is !&is 8#s! )l im: T&e )l im is s id !o be fo#nded on !&e "rin)i"le of self=de!ermin !ion5 To be ble !o ssess !&e 8#s!i)e of !&is )l im i! is ne)ess r' !o & +e )le r #nders! ndin% of !&e s)o"e nd limi! !ions of !&e "rin)i"le of self=de!ermin !ion5 @nfor!#n !el'2 !&ere seems !o be )om"le!e l )* of s#)& n #nders! ndin%5 I! is !&erefore ne)ess r' !o be%in (i!& !&e 6#es!ion, 9& ! is !&e de facto nd de jure )onno! !ion of !&is "rin)i"le of self=de!ermin !ion: T&e !erm self= de!ermin !ion & s be)ome )#rren! sin)e !&e l s! fe( 'e rs5 B#! i! des)ribes some!&in% (&i)& is m#)& older5 T&e ide #nderl'in% self=de!ermin !ion & s de+elo"ed lon% !(o differen! lines5 A#rin% !&e /B!& )en!#r' self=de!ermin !ion me n! !&e ri%&! !o es! blis& form of %o+ernmen! in ))ord n)e (i!& !&e (is&es of !&e "eo"le5 Se)ondl'2 self= de!ermin !ion & s me n! !&e ri%&! !o ob! in n !ion l inde"enden)e from n lien r )e irres"e)!i+e of !&e form of %o+ernmen!5 T&e %i! !ion for P *is! n & s referen)e !o self= de!ermin !ion in i!s se)ond s"e)!5 Confinin% !&e dis)#ssion !o !&is s"e)! of P *is! n2 i! seems !o me essen!i l !& ! !&e follo(in% "oin!s re% rdin% !&e iss#e of self=de!ermin !ion s&o#ld be borne in mind5 In !&e firs! "l )e2 self=de!ermin !ion m#s! be b' !&e "eo"le5 T&is "oin! is !oo sim"le e+en !o need men!ion5 B#! i! & s be)ome ne)ess r' !o em"& si?e i!5 Bo!& !&e M#slim Le %#e nd !&e Hind# M & S b& seem !o be "l 'in% f s! nd loose (i!& !&e ide of self=de!ermin !ion5 An re is )l imed b' !&e M#slim Le %#e for in)l#sion in P *is! n be) #se !&e "eo"le of !&e re re M#slims5 An re is lso )l imed for bein% in)l#ded in P *is! n be) #se !&e r#ler of !&e re is M#slim2 !&o#%& !&e m 8ori!' of !&e "eo"le of !& ! re re non=M#slims5 T&e M#slim Le %#e is )l imin% !&e benefi! of self= de!ermin !ion in Indi 5 A! !&e s me !ime !&e Le %#e is o""osed !o self=de!ermin !ion bein% ""lied !o P les!ine5 T&e Le %#e )l ims K s&mir s M#slim S! !e be) #se !&e m 8ori!' of "eo"le re M#slims2 nd lso H'der b d be) #se !&e r#ler is M#slim5 In li*e m nner !&e Hind# M & S b& )l ims n re !o be in)l#ded in Hind#s! n be) #se !&e "eo"le of !&e re re non=M#slims5 I! lso )omes for( rd !o )l im n re !o be " r! of Hind#s! n be) #se !&e r#ler is Hind# !&o#%& !&e m 8ori!' of !&e "eo"le re M#slims5 S#)& s!r n%e nd )onfli)!in% )l ims re en!irel' d#e !o !&e f )! !& ! ei!&er !&e " r!ies !o P *is! n2 n mel'2 !&e Hind#s nd !&e M#slims2 do no! #nders! nd (& ! self=

de!ermin !ion me ns2 or re b#s' in "er+er!in% !&e "rin)i"le of self=de!ermin !ion !o en ble !&em !o 8#s!if' !&emsel+es in ) rr'in% o#! !&e or% ni?ed !erri!ori l loo! in (&i)& !&e' no( seem !o be en% %ed5 Indi (ill be !&ro(n in!o s! !e of #!!er )onf#sion (&ene+er !&e 6#es!ion of reor% ni? !ion of i!s !erri!ories )omes #" for )onsider !ion2 if "eo"le & +e no e> )! no!ions s !o (& ! self=de!ermin !ion in+ol+es nd & +e no! !&e &ones!' !o s! nd b' !&e "rin)i"le nd ! *e !&e )onse6#en)es (& !e+er !&e' be5 I! is2 !&erefore2 (ell !o em"& si?e (& ! mi%&! be re% rded s !oo sim"le !o re6#ire men!ion2 n mel'2 !& ! self=de!ermin !ion is de!ermin !ion b' !&e "eo"le nd b' nobod' else5 T&e se)ond "oin! !o no!e is !&e de%ree of im"er !i+e )& r )!er (i!& (&i)& !&e "rin)i"le of self=de!ermin !ion ) n be s id !o be in+es!ed5 As & s been s id b' Mr5 O< ConnorC/C, DT&e do)!rine of self=de!ermin !ion is no! #ni+ers l "rin)i"le ! ll5 T&e mos! !& ! ) n be s id bo#! i! is !& ! %ener ll' s"e *in%2 i! is so#nd (or*in% r#le2 fo#nded #"on 8#s!i)e2 m *in% for & rmon' nd "e )e nd for !&e de+elo"men! of "eo"le in !&eir o(n f s&ion2 (&i)&2 % in %ener ll' s"e *in%2 is !&e bes! f s&ion5 B#! i! m#s! 'ield !o )ir)#ms! n)es2 of (&i)& si?e nd %eo%r "&i) l si!# !ion re some of !&e mos! im"or! n!5 9&e!&er !&e r#le s&o#ld "re+ il % ins! !&e )ir)#ms! n)es or !&e )ir)#ms! n)es % ins! !&e r#le ) n be de!ermined onl' b' !&e ""li) !ion of one<s )ommon sense or sense of 8#s!i)e2 or2 s Ben!& mi!e (o#ld "refer !o "#! i!2 b' referen)e !o !&e %re !es! %ood of !&e %re !es! n#mber- ll !&ese !&ree2 if "ro"erl' #nders!ood2 re re ll' differen! me!&ods of e>"ressin% !&e s me !&in%5 In sol+in% " r!i)#l r ) se +er' %re ! diffi)#l!ies m ' rise5 T&ere re f )!s one ( ' nd f )!s no!&er ( '5 F )!s of one *ind m ' m *e s"e)i l ""e l !o some minds2 li!!le or none !o o!&ers5 T&e "roblem m ' be of !&e *ind !& ! is ) lled im"onder ble2 !& ! is !o s '2 no defini!e )on)l#sion !& ! (ill be ))e"!ed b' !&e %ener li!' of !&e m n*ind m ' be "ossible5 T&ere re ) ses in (&i)& i! is no more "ossible !o s ' !& ! n !ion is ri%&! in i!s )l im !o in!erfere (i!& !&e self=de!ermin !ion of no!&er n !ion !& n !& ! i! is !o s ' !& ! i! is (ron%5 I! is m !!er of o"inion2 #"on (&i)& &ones! nd im" r!i l minds m ' differ5D T&ere re !(o re sons (&' !&is m#s! be so5 Firs!l'2 n !ion li!' is no! s#)& s )ros n)! nd bsol#!e "rin)i"le s !o %i+e i! !&e )& r )!er of ) !e%ori) l im"er !i+e2 o+erridin% e+er' o!&er )onsider !ion5 Se)ondl'2 se" r !ion is no! 6#i!e so essen!i l for !&e m in!en n)e nd "reser+ !ion of dis!in)! n !ion li!'5 T&ere is !&ird "oin! !o be borne in mind in )onne)!ion (i!& !&e iss#e of self= de!ermin !ion5 Self=de!ermin !ion for n !ion li!' m ' ! *e !&e form of )#l!#r l inde"enden)e or m ' ! *e !&e form of !erri!ori l inde"enden)e5 9&i)& form i! ) n ! *e m#s! de"end #"on !&e !erri!ori l l 'o#! of !&e "o"#l !ion5 If n !ion li!' li+es in e sil' se+er ble nd )on!i%#o#s re s2 o!&er !&in%s bein% e6# l2 ) se ) n be m de o#! for !erri!ori l inde"enden)e5 B#! (&ere o(in% !o n ine>!ri) ble in!ermin%lin% !&e n !ion li!ies re so mi>ed #" !& ! !&e re s !&e' o))#"' re no! e sil' se+er ble2 !&en ll !& ! !&e' ) n be en!i!led !o is )#l!#r l inde"enden)e5 Terri!ori l se" r !ion in ) se li*e !&is is n im"ossibili!'5 T&e' re doomed !o li+e !o%e!&er5 T&e onl' o!&er l!ern !i+e !&e' & +e is !o mi%r !e5 IV [P#n8 b nd Ben% l (o#ld !&#s ne)ess ril' be s#b8e)! !o di+ision$

H +in% defined !&e s)o"e nd limi! !ions of !&e ide of self=de!ermin !ion2 (e ) n no( "ro)eed !o de l (i!& !&e 6#es!ion of [!&e$ bo#nd ries of P *is! n5 Ho( does !&e )l im of !&e M#slim Le %#e for !&e "resen! bo#nd r' !o rem in !&e bo#nd ries of P *is! n s! nd in !&e li%&! of !&ese )onsider !ions: T&e ns(er !o !&is 6#es!ion seems !o me 6#i!e )le r5 T&e %eo%r "&i) l l 'o#! seems !o de)ide !&e iss#e5 No s"e)i l "le din% of n' *ind is re6#ired5 In !&e ) se of !&e Nor!&=9es! Fron!ier Pro+in)e2 B l#)&is! n nd Sind2 !&e Hind#s nd !&e M#slims re in!ermi>ed5 In !&ese Pro+in)es ) se for !erri!ori l se" r !ion for !&e Hind#s seems !o be im"ossible5 T&e' m#s! rem in )on!en! (i!& )#l!#r l inde"enden)e nd s#)& "oli!i) l s fe%# rds s m ' be de+ised for !&eir s fe!'5 T&e ) se of !&e P#n8 b nd Ben% l s! nds on differen! foo!in%5 A %l n)e ! !&e m " s&o(s !& ! !&e l 'o#! of !&e "o"#l !ion of !&e Hind#s nd !&e M#slims in !&ese !(o Pro+in)es is !o! ll' differen! from (& ! one finds in !&e o!&er !&ree Pro+in)es5 T&e non=M#slims in !&e P#n8 b nd Ben% l re no! fo#nd li+in% in sm ll isl nds in !&e mids! of nd s#rro#nded b' + s! M#slim "o"#l !ion s"re d o+er !&e en!ire s#rf )e s is !&e ) se (i!& !&e Nor!&=9es! Fron!ier Pro+in)e2 B l#)&is! n nd Sind5 In Ben% l nd !&e P#n8 b !&e Hind#s o))#"' !(o differen! re s )on!i%#o#s nd se+er ble5 In !&ese )ir)#ms! n)es2 !&ere is no re son for )on)edin% (& ! !&e M#slim Le %#e seems !o dem nd2 n mel'2 !& ! !&e "resen! bo#nd ries of !&e P#n8 b nd Ben% l s& ll )on!in#e !o be !&e bo#nd ries of 9es!ern P *is! n nd E s!ern P *is! n5 T(o )on)l#sions ne)ess ril' follo( from !&e fore%oin% dis)#ssion5 One is !& ! !&e non=M#slims of !&e P#n8 b nd Ben% l & +e ) se for e>)l#sion from P *is! n b' !erri!ori l se+er n)e of !&e re s !&e' o))#"'5 T&e o!&er is !& ! !&e non=M#slims of Nor!&=9es! Fron!ier Pro+in)e2 B l#)&is! n nd Sind & +e no ) se for e>)l#sion nd re onl' en!i!led !o )#l!#r l inde"enden)e nd "oli!i) l s fe%# rds5 To "#! !&e s me !&in% in differen! ( ' i! m ' be s id !& ! !&e M#slim Le %#e )l im for dem ndin% !& ! !&e bo#nd ries of Sind2 Nor!&=9es! Fron!ier nd B l#)&is! n s& ll rem in s !&e' re ) nno! be o""osed5 B#! !& ! in !&e ) se of !&e P#n8 b nd Ben% l s#)& )l im is #n!en ble nd !& ! !&e non=M#slims of !&ese Pro+in)es2 if !&e' desire2 ) n )l im !& ! !&e !erri!or' !&e' o))#"' s&o#ld be e>)l#ded b' redr (in% of !&e bo#nd ries of !&ese !(o Pro+in)es5 V [A dem nd for re%ion l self=de!ermin !ion m#s! l( 's be !(o=ed%ed s(ord$ One s&o#ld & +e !&o#%&! !& ! s#)& )l im b' !&e non=M#slim minori!ies of !&e P#n8 b nd Ben% l for !&e redr (in% of !&e bo#nd ries (o#ld be re% rded b' !&e M#slim Le %#e s 8#s! nd re son ble )l im5 T&e "ossibili!' of !&e redr (in% of bo#nd ries ( s dmi!!ed in !&e L &ore Resol#!ion of !&e M#slim Le %#e " ssed in M r)& /BEF5 T&e Resol#!ion /3C3C s id,DT&e es! blis&men! of )om"le!el' inde"enden! S! !es formed b' dem r) !in% %eo%r "&i) ll' )on!i%#o#s #ni!s in!o re%ions (&i)& s& ll be so )ons!i!#!ed2 with such territorial readjustments as may be necessary, !& ! !&e re s in (&i)& !&e M#s lm ns re n#meri) ll' in m 8ori!'2 s in !&e nor!&=(es!ern nd e s!ern ?ones of Indi 2 s& ll be %ro#"ed !o%e!&er !o )ons!i!#!e inde"enden! S! !es s M#slim free n !ion l &omel nds in (&i)& !&e )ons!i!#en! #ni!s s& ll be #!onomo#s nd so+erei%n5D T& ! !&is )on!in#ed !o be !&e "osi!ion of !&e M#slim Le %#e is )le r from !&e resol#!ion " ssed b' !&e M#slim Le %#e on !&e Cri""s Pro"os ls2 s n'one (&o ) res !o re d i! (ill *no(5 B#! !&ere re indi) !ions !& ! Mr5 ;inn & & s )& n%ed &is +ie(5 A!

"#bli) mee!in% &eld on /G!& No+ember /BE3 in ;#ll#nder2 Mr5 ;inn & is re"or!ed !o & +e e>"ressed &imself in !&e follo(in% !ermsC4C,DT&e l !es! !ri)*-/ ) ll i! no!&in% b#! !ri)*-!o "#??le nd !o misle d !&e i%nor n! m sses "#r"osel'2 nd !&ose "l 'in% !&e % me #nders! nd i!2 is2 (&' s&o#ld !&e ri%&! of self=de!ermin !ion be )onfined !o M#slims onl' nd (&' no! e>!end i! !o o!&er )omm#ni!ies: H +in% s id !& ! ll & +e !&e ri%&! of self=de!ermin !ion2 !&e' s ' !&e P#n8 b m#s! be di+ided in!o so m n' bi!sH li*e(ise !&e Nor!&=9es! Fron!ier Pro+in)e nd Sind5 T&#s !&ere (ill be &#ndreds of P *is! ns5 S@B=NATIONAL 1RO@PS D9&o is !&e #!&or of !&is ne( form#l !& ! e+er' )omm#ni!' & s !&e ri%&! of self= de!ermin !ion ll o+er Indi : Ei!&er i! is )oloss l i%nor n)e or mis)&ief nd !ri)*5 Le! me %i+e !&em re"l'2 !& ! !&e M#s lm ns )l im !&e ri%&! of self=de!ermin !ion be) #se !&e' re n !ion l %ro#" on %i+en !erri!or' (&i)& is !&eir &omel nd nd in !&e ?ones (&ere !&e' re in m 8ori!'5 H +e 'o# *no(n n'(&ere in &is!or' !& ! n !ion l %ro#"s s) !!ered ll o+er & +e been %i+en S! !e: 9&ere re 'o# %oin% !o %e! S! !e for !&em: In !& ! ) se 'o# & +e %o! /E "er )en!5 M#slims in !&e @ni!ed Pro+in)es5 9&' no! & +e S! !e for !&em: M#slims in !&e @ni!ed Pro+in)es re no! n !ion l %ro#"H !&e' re s) !!ered5 T&erefore in )ons!i!#!ion l l n%# %e !&e' re )& r )!eri?ed s s#b= n !ion l %ro#" (&o ) nno! e>"e)! n'!&in% more !& n (& ! is d#e from n' )i+ili?ed 1o+ernmen! !o minori!'5 I &o"e I & +e m de !&e "osi!ion )le r5 T&e M#slims re no! s#b=n !ion l %ro#"H i! is !&eir bir!&ri%&! !o )l im nd e>er)ise !&e ri%&! of self= de!ermin !ion5D Mr5 ;inn & & s )om"le!el' missed !&e "oin!5 T&e "oin! r ised b' &is )ri!i)s ( s no! (i!& re% rd !o !&e non=M#slim minori!ies in %ener l5 I! & d referen)e !o !&e non=M#slim minori!ies in !&e P#n8 b nd Ben% l5 Aoes Mr5 ;inn & "ro"ose !o dis"ose of !&e ) se of non=M#slim minori!ies (&o o))#"' )om" )! nd n e sil' se+er ble !erri!or' b' &is !&eor' of s#b=n !ion: If !& ! is so2 !&en one is bo#nd !o s ' !& ! "ro"osi!ion )r#der !& n &is i! (o#ld be diffi)#l! !o find in n' "oli!i) l li!er !#re5 T&e )on)e"! of s#b= n !ion is #n&e rd of5 I! is no! onl' n in%enio#s )on)e"! b#! i! is lso "re"os!ero#s )on)e"!5 9& ! does !&e !&eor' of s#bn !ion )onno!e: If I #nders! nd i!s im"li) !ions )orre)!l'2 i! me ns s#b=n !ion m#s! no! be se+ered from !&e n !ion !o (&i)& i! belon%s e+en (&en se+er n)e is "ossibleH i! me ns !& ! !&e rel !ions be!(een n !ion nd s#b=n !ion re no &i%&er !& n !&e rel !ions (&i)& s#bsis! be!(een m n nd &is )& !!els2 or be!(een "ro"er!' nd i!s in)iden!s5 C& !!els %o (i!& !&e o(ner2 in)iden!s %o (i!& "ro"er!'2 so s#b=n !ion %oes (i!& n !ion5 S#)& is !&e )& in of re sonin% in Mr5 ;inn &<s r%#men!5 B#! does Mr5 ;inn & serio#sl' (is& !o r%#e !& ! !&e Hind#s of !&e P#n8 b nd Ben% l re onl' )& !!els2 so !& ! !&e' m#s! l( 's %o (&ere+er !&e M#slims of !&e P#n8 b nd !&e M#slims of Ben% l )&oose !o dri+e !&em: S#)& n r%#men! (ill be !oo bs#rd !o be en!er! ined b' n' re son ble m n5 I! is lso !&e mos! illo%i) l r%#men!2 nd )er! inl' i! s&o#ld no! be diffi)#l! for so m !#re l ('er s Mr5 ;inn & !o see !&e illo%i) li!' of i!5 If n#meri) ll' sm ller n !ion is onl' s#b=n !ion in rel !ion !o n#meri) ll' l r%er n !ion nd & s no ri%&! !o !erri!ori l se" r !ion2 (&' ) n i! no! be s id !& ! ! *in% Indi s (&ole !&e Hind#s re n !ion nd !&e M#slims s#b=n !ion nd s s#b=n !ion !&e' & +e no ri%&! !o self=de!ermin !ion or !erri!ori l se" r !ion:

Alre d' !&ere e>is!s )er! in mo#n! of s#s"i)ion (i!& re% rd !o !&e bona fides of P *is! n5 Ri%&!l' or (ron%l'2 mos! "eo"le s#s"e)! !& ! P *is! n is "re%n n! (i!& mis)&ief5 T&e' !&in* !& ! i! & s !(o mo!i+es2 one immedi !e2 !&e o!&er #l!im !e5 T&e immedi !e mo!i+e2 i! is s id2 is !o 8oin (i!& !&e nei%&bo#rin% M#slim )o#n!ries nd form M#slim Feder !ion5 T&e #l!im !e mo!i+e is for !&e M#slim Feder !ion !o in+ de Hind#s! n nd )on6#er2 or r !&er re)on6#er2 !&e Hind# nd re=es! blis& [ $ M#slim Em"ire in Indi 5 O!&ers !&in* !& ! P *is! n is !&e )#lmin !ion of !&e s)&eme of &os! %es (&i)& l ' be&ind !&e dem nd "#! for!& b' Mr5 ;inn & in &is fo#r!een "oin!s2 for !&e )re !ion of se" r !e M#slim Pro+in)es5 Nobod' ) n f !&om !&e mind of !&e M#slims nd re )& !&e re l mo!i+es !& ! lie be&ind !&eir dem nd for P *is! n5 T&e Hind# o""onen!s of P *is! n2 if !&e' s#s"e)! !& ! !&e re l mo!i+es of !&e M#slims re differen! from !&e "" ren! ones2 m ' ! *e no!e of !&em nd "l n ))ordin%l'5 T&e' ) nno! o""ose P *is! n be) #se !&e mo!i+es be&ind i! re b d5 B#! !&e' re en!i!led !o s* Mr5 ;inn &2 9&' does &e ( n! !o & +e )omm#n l "roblem (i!&in P *is! n: Ho(e+er +i)io#s m ' be !&e mo!i+es be&ind P *is! n2 i! s&o#ld "ossess ! le s! one +ir!#e5 T&e ide l of P *is! n s&o#ld be no! !o & +e )omm#n l "roblem inside i!5 T&is is !&e le s! of +ir!#es one ) n e>"e)! from P *is! n5 If P *is! n is !o be "l %#ed b' )omm#n l "roblem in !&e s me ( ' s Indi & s been2 (&' & +e P *is! n ! ll: I! ) n be (el)omed onl' if i! "ro+ides n es) "e from !&e )omm#n l "roblem5 T&e ( ' !o +oid i! is !o rr n%e !&e bo#nd ries in s#)& ( ' !& ! i! (ill be n e!&ni) S! !e (i!&o#! minori!' nd m 8ori!' "i!)&ed % ins! e )& o!&er5 For!#n !el' i! ) n be m de in!o n e!&ni) S! !e2 if onl' Mr5 ;inn & (ill llo( i!5 @nfor!#n !el' Mr5 ;inn & ob8e)!s !o i!5 T&erein lies !&e )&ief ) #se for s#s"i)ion2 nd Mr5 ;inn &2 ins!e d of remo+in% i!2 is dee"enin% i! b' s#)& bs#rd2 illo%i) l nd r!ifi)i l dis!in)!ions s n !ions nd s#b= n !ions5 R !&er !& n resor! !o s#)& bs#rd nd illo%i) l "ro"osi!ions nd defend (& ! is indefensible nd o""ose (& ! is 8#s!2 (o#ld i! no! be be!!er for Mr5 ;inn & !o do (& ! Sir Ed( rd C rson did in !&e m !!er of !&e delimi! !ion of !&e bo#nd ries of @ls!er: As ll !&ose (&o *no( !&e +i)issi!#des !&ro#%& (&i)& !&e Iris& Home R#le 6#es!ion " ssed *no( !& ! i! ( s ! !&e Cr i% +on mee!in% &eld on 34rd Se"!ember /B// !& ! Sir Ed( rd C rson form#l !ed &is "oli)' !& ! in @ls!er !&ere (ill be %o+ernmen! of Im"eri l P rli men! or 1o+ernmen! of @ls!er2 b#! ne+er Home R#le 1o+ernmen!5 As !&e Im"eri l P rli men! ( s "ro"osin% !o (i!&dr ( i!s %o+ernmen!2 !&is "oli)' me n! !&e es! blis&men! of "ro+ision l %o+ernmen! for @ls!er5 T&is "oli)' ( s embodied in resol#!ion " ssed ! 8oin! mee!in% of dele% !es re"resen!in% !&e @ls!er @nionis! Co#n)il2 !&e Co#n!' 1r nd Or n%e Lod%es nd @nionis! Cl#bs &eld in Belf s! on 3I!& Se"!ember /B//5 T&e Pro+ision l 1o+ernmen! of @ls!er ( s !o )ome in!o for)e on !&e d ' of !&e " ssin% of !&e Home R#le Bill5 An im"or! n! fe !#re of !&is "oli)' ( s !o in+es! !&e Pro+ision l 1o+ernmen! (i!& 8#risdi)!ion o+er ll "those districts which they (Ulsterites) could control." T&e "&r se D!&ose dis!ri)!s (&i)& !&e' )o#ld )on!rolD ( s no do#b! me n! !o in)l#de !&e (&ole of !&e dminis!r !i+e di+ision of @ls!er5 No( !&is dminis!r !i+e di+ision of @ls!er in)l#ded nine )o#n!ies5 Of !&ese !&ree (ere o+er(&elmin%l' C !&oli)5 T&is me n! !&e )om"#lsor' re!en!ion of !&e !&ree C !&oli) )o#n!ies #nder @ls!er % ins! !&eir (is&es5 B#! (& ! did Sir Ed( rd C rson do in !&e end : I! did no! ! *e lon% for Sir Ed( rd C rson !o dis)o+er !& ! @ls!er (i!& !&ree o+er(&elmin%l' C !&oli) dis!ri)!s

(o#ld be li bili!'2 nd (i!& ll !&e )o#r %e of !r#e le der &e ) me o#! (i!& de)l r !ion !& ! &e "ro"osed !o )#! do(n &is losses nd m *e @ls!er s fe5 In &is s"ee)& in !&e Ho#se of Commons on !&e /J!& of M ' /B3F &e nno#n)ed !& ! &e ( s )on!en! (i!& si> )o#n!ies onl'5 T&e s"ee)& !& ! &e m de on !& ! o)) sion %i+in% &is re sons (&' &e ( s )on!en! onl' (i!& si> )o#n!ies is (or!& 6#o!in%5 T&is is (& ! &e s idCEC,DT&e !r#!& is !& ! (e ) me !o !&e )on)l#sion f!er m n' n>io#s &o#rs nd n>io#s d 's of %oin% in!o !&e (&ole m !!er2 lmos! " ris& b' " ris& nd !o(nl nd b' !o(nl nd2 !& ! we would have no chance of successfully starting a Parliament in Belfast which would be responsible for the government of onegal, !aven and "onaghan. I! (o#ld be "erfe)!l' idle for #s !o )ome &ere nd "re!end !& ! (e s&o#ld be in "osi!ion !o do so5 9e s&o#ld li*e !o & +e !&e +er' l r%es! re s "ossible2 n !#r ll'5 T& ! is s's!em of l nd %r bbin% !& ! "re+ ils in ll )o#n!ries for (idenin% !&e 8#risdi)!ion of !&e + rio#s %o+ernmen!s !& ! re se! # H b#! !&ere is no #se in o#r #nder! *in% %o+ernmen! (&i)& (e *no( (o#ld be f il#re if (e (ere s ddled (i!& !&ese !&ree )o#n!ies5D T&ese re (ise2 s % )io#s nd mos! )o#r %eo#s (ords5 T&e si!# !ion in (&i)& !&e' (ere #!!ered & s )lose " r llel (i!& !&e si!# !ion !& ! is li*el' !o be )re !ed in !&e P#n8 b nd Ben% l b' !&e ""li) !ion of !&e "rin)i"le of P *is! n5 T&e M#slim Le %#e nd Mr5 ;inn &2 if !&e' ( n! "e )ef#l P *is! n2 s&o#ld no! for%e! !o ! *e no!e of !&em5 I! is no #se s*in% !&e non=M#slim minori!ies in !&e P#n8 b nd Ben% l !o be s !isfied (i!& s fe%# rds5 If !&e M#s lm ns re no! "re" red !o be )on!en! (i!& s fe%# rds % ins! !&e !'r nn' of Hind# m 8ori!'2 (&' s&o#ld !&e Hind# minori!ies be s*ed !o be s !isfied (i!& !&e s fe%# rds % ins! !&e !'r nn' of !&e M#slim m 8ori!': If !&e M#s lm ns ) n s ' !o !&e Hind#s DA mn 'o#r s fe%# rds2 (e don<! ( n! !o be r#led b' 'o#D- n r%#men! (&i)& C rson #sed % ins! Redmond-!&e s me r%#men! ) n be re!#rned b' !&e Hind#s of !&e P#n8 b nd Ben% l % ins! !&e M#slim offer !o be )on!en! (i!& s fe%# rds5 T&e "oin! is !& ! !&is !!i!#de is no! ) l)#l !ed !o le d !o "e )ef#l sol#!ion of !&e "roblem of P *is! n5 S bre=r !!lin% or s&o( of for)e (ill no! do5 In !&e firs! "l )e2 !&is is % me (&i)& !(o ) n "l '5 In !&e se)ond "l )e2 rms m ' be n elemen! of s!ren%!&5 B#! !o & +e rms is no! eno#%&5 As Ro#sse # s id, DT&e s!ron%es! is ne+er s!ron% eno#%& !o be l( 's m s!er2 #nless &e !r nsforms &is mi%&! in!o ri%&!2 nd obedien)e in!o d#!'5D Onl' e!&i)s ) n )on+er! mi%&! in!o ri%&! nd obedien)e in!o d#!'5 T&e Le %#e m#s! see !& ! i!s )l im for P *is! n is fo#nded on e!&i)s5 VI [T&e "roblems of "o"#l !ion !r nsfer re sol+ ble nd need no! de! in #s$ So m#)& for !&e "roblem of bo#nd ries5 I (ill no( !#rn !o !&e "roblem of !&e minori!ies (&i)& m#s! rem in (i!&in P *is! n e+en f!er bo#nd ries re redr (n5 T&ere re !(o me!&ods of "ro!e)!in% !&eir in!eres!s5 Firs! is !o "ro+ide s fe%# rds in !&e )ons!i!#!ion for !&e "ro!e)!ion of !&e "oli!i) l nd )#l!#r l ri%&!s of !&e minori!ies5 To Indi ns !&is is f mili r m !!er nd i! is #nne)ess r' !o enl r%e #"on i!5 Se)ond is !o "ro+ide for !&eir !r nsfer from P *is! n !o Hind#s! n5 M n' "eo"le "refer !&is sol#!ion nd (o#ld be re d' nd (illin% !o )onsen! !o P *is! n if i! ) n be s&o(n !& ! n e>)& n%e of "o"#l !ion is "ossible5 B#! !&e' re% rd !&is s s! %%erin% nd b fflin% "roblem5 T&is no do#b! is !&e si%n of " ni)=s!ri)*en mind5 If !&e m !!er

is )onsidered in )ool nd ) lm !em"er2 i! (ill be fo#nd !& ! !&e "roblem is nei!&er s! %%erin% nor b fflin%5 To be%in (i!&2 )onsider !&e dimensions of !&e "roblem5 On (& ! s) le is !&is !r nsfer %oin% !o be: In de!erminin% !&e s) le one is bo#nd !o ! *e in!o ))o#n! !&ree )onsider !ions5 In !&e firs! "l )e2 if !&e bo#nd ries of !&e P#n8 b nd Ben% l re redr (n2 !&ere (ill be no 6#es!ion of !r nsfer of "o"#l !ion so f r s !&ese !(o Pro+in)es re )on)erned5 In !&e se)ond "l )e2 !&e M#s lm ns residin% in Hind#s! n do no! "ro"ose !o mi%r !e !o P *is! n2 nor does !&e Le %#e ( n! !&eir !r nsfer5 In !&e !&ird "l )e2 !&e Hind#s in !&e Nor!&=9es! Fron!ier Pro+in)e2 Sind nd B l#)&is! n do no! ( n! !o mi%r !e5 If !&ese ss#m"!ions re )orre)!2 !&e "roblem of !r nsfer of "o"#l !ion is f r from bein% s! %%erin% "roblem5 Indeed i! is so sm ll !& ! !&ere is no need !o re% rd i! s "roblem ! ll5 Ass#min% i! does be)ome "roblem2 (ill i! be b fflin% "roblem: E>"erien)e s&o(s !& ! i! is no! "roblem (&i)& i! is im"ossible !o sol+e5 To de+ise sol#!ion for s#)& "roblem i! mi%&! be (ell !o be%in b' s*in% (& ! re !&e "ossible diffi)#l!ies !& ! re li*el' !o rise in !&e ( ' of "erson mi%r !in% from one re !o no!&er on ))o#n! of "oli!i) l )& n%es5 T&e follo(in% re ob+io#s eno#%&, ./0 T&e m )&iner' for effe)!in% nd f )ili! !in% !&e !r nsfer of "o"#l !ion5 .30 Pro&ibi!ion b' 1o+ernmen! % ins! mi%r !ion5 .40 Le+' b' 1o+ernmen! of &e +' ! > !ion on !&e !r nsfer of %oods b' !&e mi%r !in% f mil'5 .E0 T&e im"ossibili!' for mi%r !in% f mil' !o ) rr' (i!& i! !o i!s ne( &ome i!s immo+ ble "ro"er!'5 .I0 T&e diffi)#l!' of ob+i !in% resor! !o #nf ir "r )!i)es (i!& +ie( !o de"ress #nd#l' !&e + l#e of !&e "ro"er!' of !&e mi%r !in% f mil'5 .G0 T&e fe r of & +in% !o m *e %ood !&e loss b' no! bein% ble !o re li?e !&e f#ll + l#e of !&e "ro"er!' b' s le in !&e m r*e!5 .K0 T&e diffi)#l!' of re li?in% "ension r' nd o!&er )& r%es d#e !o !&e mi%r !in% f mil' from !&e )o#n!r' of de" r!#re5 .J0 T&e diffi)#l!' of fi>in% !&e )#rren)' in (&i)& " 'men! is !o be m de5 If !&ese diffi)#l!ies re remo+ed2 !&e ( ' !o !&e !r nsfer of "o"#l !ion be)omes )le r5 T&e firs! !&ree diffi)#l!ies ) n be e sil' remo+ed b' !&e !(o S! !es of P *is! n nd Hind#s! n %reein% !o !re !' embod'in% n r!i)le in some s#)& !erms s follo(s ,DT&e 1o+ernmen!s of P *is! n nd Hind#s! n %ree !o ""oin! Commission )onsis!in% of e6# l n#mber of re"resen! !i+es nd "resided o+er b' "erson (&o is ""ro+ed b' bo!& nd (&o is no! n !ion l of ei!&er5 DT&e e>"ense of !&e Commission nd of i!s Commi!!ees bo!& on ))o#n! of i!s m in!en n)e nd i!s o"er !ion s& ll be borne b' !&e !(o 1o+ernmen!s in e6# l "ro"or!ion5 DT&e 1o+ernmen! of P *is! n nd !&e 1o+ernmen! of Hind#s! n &ereb' %ree !o %r n! !o ll !&eir n !ion ls (i!&in !&eir !erri!ories (&o belon% !o e!&ni) minori!ies !&e ri%&! !o e>"ress !&eir desire !o emi%r !e5 DT&e 1o+ernmen!s of !&e S! !es bo+e men!ioned #nder! *e !o f )ili! !e in e+er' ( ' !&e e>er)ise of !&is ri%&! nd !o in!er"ose no obs! )les2 dire)!l' or indire)!l'2 !o freedom of emi%r !ion5 All l (s nd re%#l !ions (& !soe+er (&i)& )onfli)! (i!& freedom of emi%r !ion s& ll be )onsidered s n#ll nd +oid5D T&e fo#r!& nd !&e fif!& diffi)#l!ies (&i)& rel !e !o !r nsfer of "ro"er!' ) n be effe)!# ll' me! b' in)l#din% in !&e !re !' r!i)les !&e follo(in% !erms,

DT&ose (&o2 in "#rs# n)e of !&ese r!i)les2 de!ermine !o ! *e d+ n! %e of !&e ri%&! !o mi%r !e s& ll & +e !&e ri%&! !o ) rr' (i!& !&em or !o & +e !r ns"or!ed !&eir mo+ ble "ro"er!' of n' *ind (i!&o#! n' d#!' bein% im"osed #"on !&em on !&is ))o#n!5 DSo f r s immo+ ble "ro"er!' is )on)erned i! s& ll be li6#id !ed b' !&e Commission in ))ord n)e (i!& !&e follo(in% "ro+isions, ./0 T&e Commission s& ll ""oin! Commi!!ee of E>"er!s !o es!im !e !&e + l#e of !&e immo+ ble "ro"er!' of !&e emi%r n!5 T&e emi%r n! in!eres!ed s& ll & +e re"resen! !i+e )&osen b' &im on !&e Commi!!ee5 .30 T&e Commission s& ll ! *e ne)ess r' me s#res (i!& +ie( !o !&e s le of immo+ ble "ro"er!' of !&e emi%r n!5D As for !&e res! of !&e diffi)#l!ies rel !in% !o reimb#rsemen! for loss2 for " 'men! of "ension r' nd )& r%es for s"e)if'in% !&e )#rren)' in (&i)& " 'men!s re !o be m de2 !&e follo(in% r!i)les in !&e !re !' s&o#ld be s#ffi)ien! !o mee! !&em, D./0 T&e differen)e in !&e es!im !ed + l#e nd !&e s le "ri)e of !&e immo+ ble "ro"er!' of !&e emi%r n! s& ll be " id in !o !&e Commission b' !&e 1o+ernmen! of !&e )o#n!r' of de" r!#re s soon s !&e former & s no!ified i! of !&e res#l!in% defi)ien)'5 One=fo#r!& of !&is " 'men! m ' be m de in !&e mone' of !&e )o#n!r' of de" r!#re nd !&ree= fo#r!&s in %old or s&or! !erm %old bonds5 D.30 T&e Commission s& ll d+ n)e !o !&e emi%r n!s !&e + l#e of !&eir immo+ ble "ro"er!' de!ermined s bo+e5 D.40 All )i+il or mili! r' "ensions )6#ired b' n emi%r n! ! !&e d le of !&e si%n !#re of !&e "resen! !re !' s& ll be ) "i! li?ed ! !&e )& r%e of !&e deb!or 1o+ernmen!2 (&i)& m#s! " ' !&e mo#n! !o !&e Commission for !&e ))o#n! of i!s o(ners5 D.E0 T&e f#nds ne)ess r' !o f )ili! !e emi%r !ion s& ll be d+ n)ed b' !&e S! !es in!eres!ed in !&e Commission5D Are no! !&ese "ro+isions s#ffi)ien! !o o+er)ome !&e diffi)#l!ies re% rdin% !r nsfer of "o"#l !ion: T&ere re of )o#rse o!&er diffi)#l!ies5 B#! e+en !&ose re no! ins#"er ble5 T&e' in+ol+e 6#es!ions of "oli)'5 T&e firs! 6#es!ion is, is !&e !r nsfer of "o"#l !ion !o be )om"#lsor'2 or is i! !o be +ol#n! r': T&e se)ond is, is !&is ri%&! !o S! !e= ided !r nsfer !o be o"en !o ll2 or is i! !o be res!ri)!ed !o n' " r!i)#l r )l ss of "ersons: T&e !&ird is, &o( lon% is 1o+ernmen! %oin% !o rem in li ble !o be bo#nd b' !&ese "ro+isions2 " r!i)#l rl' !&e "ro+ision for m *in% %ood !&e loss on !&e s le of immo+ ble "ro"er!': S&o#ld !&e "ro+isions be m de s#b8e)! !o !ime limi! or s&o#ld !&e li bili!' be )on!in#ed indefini!el': 9i!& re% rd !o !&e firs! "oin!2 bo!& re "ossible2 nd !&ere re ins! n)es of bo!& & +in% been "#! in!o effe)!5 T&e !r nsfer of "o"#l !ion be!(een 1ree)e nd B#l% ri ( s on +ol#n! r' b sis2 (&ile !& ! be!(een 1ree)e nd T#r*e' ( s on )om"#lsor' b sis5 Com"#lsor' !r nsfer s!ri*es one s bein% prima facie (ron%5 I! (o#ld no! be f ir !o )om"el m n !o )& n%e &is n)es!r l & bi! ! if &e does no! (is& !o2 #nless !&e "e )e nd !r n6#illi!' of !&e S! !e is li*el' !o be "#! in 8eo" rd' b' &is )on!in#in% !o li+e (&ere &e is or s#)& !r nsfer be)omes ne)ess r' in &is o(n in!eres!5 9& ! is re6#ired is !& ! !&ose (&o ( n! !o !r nsfer s&o#ld be ble !o do so (i!&o#! im"edimen! nd (i!&o#! loss5 I m !&erefore of [!&e$ o"inion !& ! !r nsfer s&o#ld no! be for)ed2 b#! s&o#ld be lef! o"en for !&ose (&o de)l re !&eir in!en!ion !o !r nsfer5

As !o !&e se)ond "oin!2 i! is ob+io#s !& ! onl' members of minori!' ) n be llo(ed !o ! *e d+ n! %e of !&e s)&eme of S! !e= ided !r nsfer5 B#! e+en !&is res!ri)!ion m ' no! be s#ffi)ien! !o e>)l#de ll !&ose (&o o#%&! no! !o %e! !&e benefi! of !&is s)&eme5 I! m#s! be )onfined !o )er! in (ell=defined minori!ies (&o on ))o#n! of e!&ni) or reli%io#s differen)es re s#re !o be s#b8e)!ed !o dis)rimin !ion or +i)!imi? !ion5 T&e !&ird "oin! is im"or! n! nd is li*el' !o %i+e rise !o serio#s differen)e of o"inion5 On f ir +ie( of !&e m !!er i! ) n be s id !& ! i! is 6#i!e #nre son ble !o )om"el 1o+ernmen! !o *ee" o"en for n indefini!e "eriod !&e o"!ion !o mi%r !e ! 1o+ernmen! )os! 5T&ere is no!&in% #nf ir in !ellin% "erson !& ! if &e ( n!s !o ! *e d+ n! %e of !&e "ro+isions of !&e s)&eme of S! !e= ided mi%r !ion )on! ined in !&e for%oin% r!i)les2 &e m#s! e>er)ise &is o"!ion !o mi%r !e (i!&in s! !ed "eriod2 nd !& ! if &e de)ides !o mi%r !e f!er !&e "eriod & s el "sed &e (ill be free !o mi%r !e2 b#! i! (ill & +e !o be ! &is o(n )os! nd (i!&o#! !&e id of !&e S! !e T&ere is no ine6#i!' in !&#s limi!in% !&e ri%&! !o S! !e id5 S! !e id be)omes ne)ess r' " r! of !&e s)&eme be) #se !&e mi%r !ion is res#l! n! )onse6#en)e of "oli!i) l )& n%es o+er (&i)& indi+id# l )i!i?ens & +e no )on!rol5 B#! mi%r !ion m ' no! be !&e res#l! of "oli!i) l )& n%e5 I! m ' be for o!&er ) #ses2 nd (&en i! is for o!&er ) #ses2 id !o !&e emi%r n! ) nno! be n obli% !ion on !&e S! !e5 T&e onl' ( ' !o de!ermine (&e!&er mi%r !ion is for "oli!i) l re sons or for "ri+ !e re sons is !o rel !e i! !o defini!e "oin! of !ime5 9&en i! ! *es "l )e (i!& in defined "eriod from !&e & ""enin% of "oli!i) l )& n%e2 i! m ' be "res#med !o be "oli!i) l5 9&en i! o))#rs f!er !&e "eriod2 i! m ' be "res#med !o be for "ri+ !e re sons5 T&ere is no!&in% #n8#s! in !&is5 T&e s me r#le of "res#m"!ion %o+erns !&e ) ses of )i+il ser+ n!s (&o2 (&en "oli!i) l )& n%e ! *es "l )e2 re llo(ed !o re!ire on "ro"or!ion !e "ensions if !&e' re!ire (i!&in %i+en "eriod2 b#! no! if !&e' re!ire f!er i! & s l "sed5 If !&e "oli)' in !&ese m !!ers is s I s#%%es! i! s&o#ld be2 i! m ' be %i+en effe)! !o b' !&e in)l#sion of !&e follo(in% r!i)les in !&e !re !', DT&e ri%&! !o +ol#n! r' emi%r !ion m ' be e>er)ised #nder !&is !re !' b' n' "erson belon%in% !o n e!&ni) minori!' (&o is o+er /J 'e rs of %e5 DA de)l r !ion m de before !&e Commission s& ll be s#ffi)ien! e+iden)e of in!en!ion !o e>er)ise !&e ri%&!5 DT&e )&oi)e of !&e &#sb nd s& ll ) rr' (i!& i! !& ! of !&e (ife2 !&e o"!ion of " ren!s or %# rdi ns !& ! of !&eir )&ildren or ( rds %ed less !& n /J 'e rs5 DT&e ri%&! !o !&e benefi! "ro+ided b' !&is !re !' s& ll l "se if !&e o"!ion !o mi%r !e is no! e>er)ised (i!&in "eriod of I 'e rs from !&e d !e of si%nin% !&e !re !'5 DT&e d#!ies of !&e Commission s& ll be !ermin !ed (i!&in si> mon!&s f!er !&e e>"ir !ion of !&e "eriod of fi+e 'e rs from !&e d !e (&en !&e Commission s! r!s !o f#n)!ion5D 9& ! bo#! !&e )os!: T&e 6#es!ion of )os! (ill be im"or! n! onl' if !&e !r nsfer is !o be )om"#lsor'5 A s)&eme of +ol#n! r' !r nsfer ) nno! "l )e +er' &e +' fin n)i l b#rden on !&e S! !e5 Men lo+e "ro"er!' more !& n liber!'5 M n' (ill "refer !o end#re !'r nn' ! !&e & nds of !&eir "oli!i) l m s!ers [r !&er$ !& n )& n%e !&e & bi! ! in (&i)& !&e' re roo!ed5 As Ad m Smi!& s id2 of ll !&e !&in%s m n is !&e mos! diffi)#l! ) r%o !o !r ns"or!5 Cos! !&erefore need no! fri%&!en n'bod'5 9& ! bo#! i!s (or* bili!': T&e s)&eme is no! ne(5 I! & s been !ried nd fo#nd (or* ble5 I! ( s "#! in!o effe)! f!er !&e l s! E#ro"e n 9 r2 !o brin% bo#!

!r nsferCIC of "o"#l !ion be!(een 1ree)e nd B#l% ri nd T#r*e' nd 1ree)e5 Nobod' ) n den' !& ! i! & s (or*ed2 & s been !ried nd fo#nd (or* ble5 T&e s)&eme I & +e o#!lined is )o"' of !&e s me s)&eme5 I! & d !&e effe)! of brin%in% bo#! !r nsfer of "o"#l !ion be!(een 1ree)e nd B#l% ri nd T#r*e' nd 1ree)e5 Nobod' ) n den' !& ! i! ( s [7& s$ (or*ed (i!& si%n l s#))ess5 9& ! s#))eeded else(&ere m ' (ell be e>"e)!ed !o s#))eed in Indi 5 T&e iss#e of P *is! n is f r from sim"le5 B#! i! is no! so diffi)#l! s i! is m de o#! !o be2 "ro+ided !&e "rin)i"le nd !&e e!&i)s of i! re %reed #"on5 If i! is diffi)#l! i! is onl' be) #se i! is &e r!=rendin%2 nd nobod' (is&es !o !&in* of i!s "roblems nd !&eir sol#!ions2 s !&e +er' ide of i! is so " inf#l5 B#! on)e sen!imen! is b nis&ed nd i! is de)ided !& ! !&ere s& ll be P *is! n2 !&e "roblems risin% o#! of i! re nei!&er s! %%erin% nor b fflin%5 7777777777777777777777 C/C His!or' of Irel nd 2 +ol5 II5 C3C I! li)s re mine5 C4C E s!ern Times .L &ore0 of /K!& No+ember /BE35 CEC H ns rd .Ho#se of Commons02 /B3F2 Vol5 /3B2 "5 /4/I5 I! li)s re mine5 CIC T&ose (&o ( n! more inform !ion on !&e 6#es!ion of !r nsfer of "o"#l !ion m ' )ons#l! (i!& %re ! d+ n! %e T&e E>)& n%e of Minori!ies2 B#l% ri 2 1ree)e nd T#r*e' b' S!e"&en P5 L d s .M )02 /B432 (&ere !&e s)&eme for !&e !r nsfer of "o"#l !ion be!(een 1ree)e nd B#l% ri nd 1ree)e nd T#r*e' & s been f#ll' se! o#!5

EPILO1@E
[9e need be!!er s! !esm ns&i" !& n Mr5 1 nd&i nd Mr5 ;inn & & +e s&o(n$
Here I "ro"ose !o s!o"5 For I feel !& ! I & +e s id ll !& ! I ) n s ' bo#! !&e s#b8e)!5 To #se le% l l n%# %e2 I & +e dr (n !&e "le din%s5 T&is I m ' )l im !o & +e done ! s#ffi)ien! len%!&5 In doin% so2 I & +e do"!ed !& ! "roli> s!'le so de r !o !&e Vi)!ori n l ('ers2 #nder (&i)& !&e !(o sides "lied one no!&er (i!& "le nd re"li) !ion2 re8oinder nd reb#!!er [7reb#!! l$2 s#rre8oinder nd s#rreb#!!er2 nd so on5 I & +e done !&is deliber !el'2 (i!& !&e ob8e)! !& ! f#ll s! !emen! of !&e ) se for nd % ins! P *is! n m ' be m de5 T&e fore%oin% " %es )on! in !&e "le din%s5 T&e f )!s )on! ined !&erein re !r#e !o !&e bes! of m' *no(led%e nd belief5 I & +e lso %i+en m' findin%s5 I! is no( for Hind#s nd M#slims !o %i+e !&eirs5 To &el" !&em in !&eir ! s* i! mi%&! be (ell !o se! o#! !&e iss#es5 On !&e "le din%s !&e follo(in% iss#es seem !o be ne)ess r' iss#es, ./0 Is Hind#=M#slim #ni!' ne)ess r' for Indi <s "oli!i) l d+ n)emen!: If ne)ess r'2 is i! s!ill "ossible of re li? !ion2 no!(i!&s! ndin% !&e ne( ideolo%' of !&e Hind#s nd !&e M#slims bein% !(o differen! n !ions: .30 If Hind#=M#slim #ni!' is "ossible2 s&o#ld i! be re )&ed b' ""e semen! or b' se!!lemen!:

.40 If i! is !o be )&ie+ed b' ""e semen!2 (& ! re !&e ne( )on)essions !& ! ) n be offered !o !&e M#slims !o ob! in !&eir (illin% )o=o"er !ion2 (i!&o#! "re8#di)e !o o!&er in!eres!s: .E0 If i! is !o be )&ie+ed b' se!!lemen!2 (& ! re !&e !erms of !& ! se!!lemen!: If !&ere re onl' !(o l!ern !i+es2 .i0 Ai+ision of Indi in!o P *is! n nd Hind#s! n2 or .ii0 Fif!'=fif!' s& re in Le%isl !#re2 E>e)#!i+e2 nd !&e Ser+i)es2 (&i)& l!ern !i+e is "refer ble: .I0 9&e!&er Indi 2 if s&e rem ined [7rem ins$ one in!e%r l (&ole2 ) n rel' #"on bo!& Hind#s nd M#s lm ns !o defend &er inde"enden)e2 ss#min% i! is (on from !&e Bri!is&: .G0 H +in% re% rd !o !&e "re+ ilin% n! %onism be!(een Hind#s nd M#s lm ns2 nd & +in% re% rd !o !&e ne( ideolo%' dem r) !in% !&em s !(o dis!in)! n !ions nd "os!#l !in% n o""osi!ion in !&eir #l!im !e des!inies2 (&e!&er sin%le )ons!i!#!ion for !&ese !(o n !ions ) n be b#il!2 in !&e &o"e !& ! !&e' (ill s&o( n in!en!ion !o (or* i! nd no! !o s!o" i!5 .K0 On !&e ss#m"!ion !& ! !&e !(o=n !ion !&eor' & s )ome !o s! '2 (ill no! Indi s one sin%le #ni! be)ome n in)o&eren! bod' (i!&o#! or% ni) #ni!'2 in) " ble of de+elo"in% in!o s!ron% #ni!ed n !ion bo#nd b' )ommon f i!& in )ommon des!in'2 nd !&erefore li*el' !o rem in feebler nd si)*l' )o#n!r'2 e s' !o be *e"! in "er"e!# l s#b8e)!ion ei!&er of [7!o$ !&e Bri!is& or of [7!o$ n' o!&er forei%n "o(er: .J0 If Indi ) nno! be one #ni!ed )o#n!r'2 is i! no! be!!er !& ! Indi ns s&o#ld &el" Indi in !&e "e )ef#l dissol#!ion of !&is in)o&eren! (&ole in!o i!s n !#r l " r!s2 n mel'2 P *is! n nd Hind#s! n: .B0 9&e!&er i! is no! be!!er !o "ro+ide for !&e %ro(!& of !(o inde"enden! nd se" r !e n !ions2 M#slim n !ion in& bi!in% P *is! n nd Hind# n !ion in& bi!in% Hind#s! n2 !& n [!o$ "#rs#e !&e + in !!em"! !o *ee" Indi s one #ndi+ided )o#n!r' in !&e f lse &o"e !& ! Hind#s nd M#slims (ill some d ' be one nd o))#"' i! s !&e members of one n !ion nd sons of one mo!&erl nd: No!&in% ) n )ome in !&e ( ' of n Indi n %e!!in% !o %ri"s (i!& !&ese iss#es nd re )&in% &is o(n )on)l#sions (i!& !&e &el" of !&e m !eri l )on! ined in !&e fore%oin% " %es e>)e"! !&ree !&in%s, ./0 A f lse sen!imen! of &is!ori) l " !rio!ism2 .30 f lse )on)e"!ion of !&e e>)l#si+e o(ners&i" of !erri!or'2 nd .40 bsen)e of (illin%ness !o !&in* for oneself5 Of !&ese obs! )les2 !&e l s! is !&e mos! diffi)#l! !o %e! o+er5 @nfor!#n !el' !&o#%&! in Indi is r re2 nd free !&o#%&! is r rer s!ill5 T&is is " r!i)#l rl' !r#e of Hind#s5 T& ! is (&' l r%e " r! of !&e r%#men! of !&is boo* & s been ddressed !o !&em5 T&e re sons for !&is re ob+io#s5 T&e Hind#s re in m 8ori!'5 Bein% in m 8ori!'2 !&eir +ie( "oin! m#s! )o#n!L T&ere is no! m#)& "ossibili!' of [ $ "e )ef#l sol#!ion if no !!em"! is m de !o mee! !&eir ob8e)!ions2 r !ion l or sen!imen! l5 B#! !&ere re s"e)i l re sons (&i)& & +e led me !o ddress so l r%e " r! of !&e r%#men! !o !&em2 nd (&i)& m ' no! be 6#i!e so ob+io#s !o o!&ers5 I feel !& ! !&ose Hind#s (&o re %#idin% !&e des!inies of !&eir fello(s & +e los! (& ! C rl'le ) lls D!&e Seein% E'eD nd re ( l*in% in !&e %l mo#r of )er! in + in ill#sions2 !&e )onse6#en)es of (&i)& m#s!2 I fe r2 be !errible for !&e Hind#s5 T&e Hind#s re in !&e %ri" of !&e Con%ress nd !&e Con%ress is in !&e %ri" of Mr5 1 nd&i5 I! ) nno! be s id !& ! Mr5 1 nd&i & s %i+en !&e Con%ress !&e ri%&! le d5 Mr5 1 nd&i firs! so#%&! !o +oid f )in% !&e iss#e b' ! *in% ref#%e in !(o !&in%s5 He s! r!ed b' s 'in% !& ! !o " r!i!ion Indi is mor l (ron% nd

sin !o (&i)& &e (ill ne+er be " r!'5 T&is is s!r n%e r%#men!5 Indi is no! !&e onl' )o#n!r' f )ed (i!& !&e iss#e of " r!i!ion2 or s&if!in% of fron!iers b sed on n !#r l nd &is!ori) l f )!ors !o !&ose b sed on !&e n !ion l f )!ors5 Pol nd & s been " r!i!ioned !&ree !ime2s nd no one ) n be s#re !& ! !&ere (ill be no more " r!i!ion of Pol nd5 T&ere re +er' fe( )o#n!ries in E#ro"e (&i)& & +e no! #nder%one " r!i!ion d#rin% !&e l s! /IF 'e rs5 T&is s&o(s !& ! !&e " r!i!ion of )o#n!r' is nei!&er mor l nor immor l5 I! is #nmor l5 I! is so)i l2 "oli!i) l or mili! r' 6#es!ion5 Sin & s no "l )e in i!5 As se)ond ref#%e Mr5 1 nd&i s! r!ed b' "ro!es!in% !& ! !&e M#slim Le %#e did no! re"resen! !&e M#slims2 nd !& ! P *is! n ( s onl' f n)' of Mr5 ;inn &5 I! is diffi)#l! !o #nders! nd &o( Mr5 1 nd&i )o#ld be so blind s no! !o see &o( Mr5 ;inn &<s infl#en)e o+er !&e M#slim m sses & s been %ro(in% d ' b' d '2 nd &o( &e & s en% %ed &imself in mobili?in% ll &is for)es for b !!le5 Ne+er before ( s Mr5 ;inn & m n for !&e m sses5 He dis!r#s!ed !&em5C/C To e>)l#de !&em from "oli!i) l "o(er &e ( s l( 's for &i%& fr n)&ise5 Mr5 ;inn & ( s ne+er *no(n !o be +er' de+o#!2 "io#s2 or "rofessin% M#slim5 Besides *issin% !&e Hol' Kor n s nd (&en &e ( s s(orn in s n M5L5A52 &e does no! ""e r !o & +e bo!&ered m#)& bo#! i!s )on!en!s or i!s s"e)i l !ene!s5 I! is do#b!f#l if &e fre6#en!ed n' mos6#e ei!&er o#! of )#riosi!' or reli%io#s fer+o#r5 Mr5 ;inn & ( s ne+er fo#nd in !&e mids! of M#slim m ss )on%re% !ions2 reli%io#s or "oli!i) l5 Tod ' one finds )om"le!e )& n%e in Mr5 ;inn &5 He & s be)ome m n of !&e m sses5 He is no lon%er bo+e !&em5 He is mon% !&em5 No( !&e' & +e r ised &im bo+e !&emsel+es nd ) ll &im !&eir M id=e=A? m5 He & s no! onl' be)ome belie+er in Isl m2 b#! is "re" red !o die for Isl m5 Tod '2 &e *no(s more of Isl m !& n mere #alama5 Tod '2 &e %oes !o !&e mos6#e !o &e r #hutba nd ! *es deli%&! in 8oinin% !&e $d )on%re% !ion l "r 'ers5 Aon%ri nd N#ll B ? r on)e *ne( Mr5 ;inn & b' n me5 Tod ' !&e' *no( &im b' &is "resen)e5 No M#slim mee!in% in Bomb ' be%ins or ends (i!&o#! All &=&o=A*b r nd Lon% Li+e M id=e=A? m5 In !&is Mr5 ;inn & & s merel' follo(ed Kin% Henr' IV of Fr n)e-!&e #n& ""' f !&er=in=l ( of !&e En%lis& Kin% C& rles I5 Henr' IV ( s H#%#eno! b' f i!&5 B#! &e did no! &esi! !e !o !!end m ss in C !&oli) C&#r)& in P ris5 He belie+ed !& ! !o )& n%e &is H#%#eno! f i!& nd %o !o m ss ( s n e s' "ri)e !o " ' for !&e "o(erf#l s#""or! of P ris5 As P ris be) me (or!& m ss !o Henr' IV2 so & +e Aon%ri nd N#ll B ? r be)ome (or!& m ss !o Mr5 ;inn &2 nd for simil r re son5 I! is s!r !e%'H i! is mobili? !ion5 B#! e+en if i! is +ie(ed s !&e sin*in% of Mr5 ;inn & from re son !o s#"ers!i!ion2 &e is sin*in% (i!& &is ideolo%'2 (&i)& b' &is +er' sin*in% is s"re din% in!o ll !&e differen! s!r ! of M#slim so)ie!' nd is be)omin% " r! nd " r)el of i!s men! l m *e=#"5 T&is is s )le r s n'!&in% )o#ld be5 T&e onl' b sis for Mr5 1 nd&i<s e>!r ordin r' +ie( is !&e e>is!en)e of (& ! re ) lled N !ion lis! M#s lm ns5 I! is diffi)#l! !o see n' re l differen)e be!(een !&e )omm#n l M#slims (&o form !&e M#slim Le %#e nd !&e N !ion lis! M#slims5 I! is e>!remel' do#b!f#l (&e!&er !&e N !ion lis! M#s lm ns & +e n' re l )omm#ni!' of sen!imen!2 im2 nd "oli)' (i!& !&e Con%ress (&i)& m r*s !&em off from !&e M#slim Le %#e5 Indeed m n' Con%ressmen re lle%ed !o &old !&e +ie( !& ! !&ere is no differen! [7differen)e$ be!(een !&e !(o2 nd !& ! !&e N !ion lis! M#slim[s$ inside !&e Con%ress re onl' n o#!"os! of !&e )omm#n l M#slims5 T&is +ie( does no! seem !o be 6#i!e de+oid of !r#!& (&en one re) lls !& ! !&e l !e Ar5 Ans ri2 !&e le der of !&e N !ion lis! M#s lm ns2 ref#sed !o o""ose !&e Comm#n l A( rd l!&o#%& i! % +e !&e M#slims se" r !e ele)!or !es in [!&e$

!ee!& of !&e resol#!ion " ssed b' !&e Con%ress nd !&e N !ion lis! M#s lm ns5 N '2 so %re ! & s been !&e in)re se in !&e infl#en)e of !&e Le %#e mon% !&e M#s lm ns !& ! m n' M#s lm ns (&o (ere o""osed !o !&e Le %#e & +e been )om"elled !o see* for "l )e in !&e Le %#e or m *e "e )e (i!& i!5 An'one (&o ! *es ))o#n! of !&e !#rns nd !(is!s of !&e l !e Sir Si* nd r H' ! K& n nd Mr5 F ?l#l H#62 !&e l !e Premier of Ben% l2 m#s! dmi! !&e !r#!& of !&is f )!5 Bo!& Sir Si* nd r nd Mr5 F ?l#l H#6 (ere o""osed !o !&e form !ion of br n)&es of !&e M#slim Le %#e in !&eir Pro+in)es (&en Mr5 ;inn & !ried !o re+i+e i! in /B4K5 No!(i!&s! ndin% !&eir o""osi!ion2 (&en !&e br n)&es of !&e Le %#e (ere formed in !&e P#n8 b nd in Ben% l2 (i!&in one 'e r bo!& (ere )om"elled !o 8oin !&em5 I! is ) se of !&ose )omin% !o s)off rem inin% !o "r '5 No more )o%en! "roof seems !o be ne)ess r' !o "ro+e !&e +i)!or' of !&e Le %#e5 No!(i!&s! ndin% !&is Mr5 1 nd&i2 ins!e d of ne%o!i !in% (i!& Mr5 ;inn & nd !&e M#slim Le %#e (i!& +ie( !o se!!lemen!2 !oo* differen! !#rn5 He %o! !&e Con%ress !o " ss !&e f mo#s M#i! Indi Resol#!ion on !&e J!& A#%#s! /BE35 T&is M#i! Indi Resol#!ion ( s "rim ril' )& llen%e !o !&e Bri!is& 1o+ernmen!5 B#! i! ( s lso n !!em"! !o do ( ' (i!& !&e in!er+en!ion of !&e Bri!is& 1o+ernmen! in !&e dis)#ssion of !&e Minori!' 6#es!ion2 nd !&ereb' se)#rin% [7se)#re$ for !&e Con%ress free & nd !o se!!le i! on i!s o(n !erms nd ))ordin% !o i!s o(n li%&!s5 I! ( s in effe)!2 if no! in in!en!ion2 n !!em"! !o (in inde"enden)e b' b'" ssin% !&e M#slims nd !&e o!&er minori!ies5 T&e M#i! Indi C m" i%n !#rned o#! !o be )om"le!e f il#re5 I! ( s m d +en!#re nd !oo* !&e mos! di boli) l form5 I! ( s s)or)&[ed$=e r!& ) m" i%n in (&i)& !&e +i)!ims of loo!in%2 rson nd m#rder (ere Indi ns2 nd !&e "er"e!r !ors (ere Con%ressmen5 Be !en2 &e s! r!ed f s! for !(en!'=one d 's in M r)& /BE4 (&ile &e ( s in % ol2 (i!& !&e ob8e)! of %e!!in% o#! of i!5 He f iled5 T&ere f!er &e fell ill5 As &e ( s re"or!ed !o be sin*in%2 !&e Bri!is& 1o+ernmen! rele sed &im for fe r !& ! &e mi%&! die on !&eir & nd[s$ nd brin% !&em i%nomin'5 On )omin% o#! of % ol2 &e fo#nd !& ! &e nd !&e Con%ress & d no! onl' missed !&e b#s2 b#! & d lso los! !&e ro d5 To re!rie+e !&e "osi!ion nd (in for !&e Con%ress !&e res"e)! of !&e Bri!is& 1o+ernmen! s "remier " r!' in !&e )o#n!r'2 (&i)& i! & d los! b' re son of !&e f il#re of !&e ) m" i%n !& ! follo(ed #" !&e M#i! Indi Resol#!ion nd !&e +iolen)e (&i)& ))om" nied i!2 &e s! r!ed ne%o!i !in% (i!& !&e Vi)ero'5 T&( r!ed in !& ! !!em"!2 Mr5 1 nd&i !#rned !o Mr5 ;inn &5 On !&e /K!& ;#l' /BEE Mr5 1 nd&i (ro!e !o Mr5 ;inn & e>"ressin% &is desire !o mee! &im nd dis)#ss (i!& &im !&e )omm#n l 6#es!ion5 Mr5 ;inn & %reed !o re)ei+e Mr5 1 nd&i in &is &o#se in Bomb '5 T&e' me! on !&e B!& Se"!ember /BEE5 I! ( s %ood !& ! ! lon% l s! (isdom d (ned on Mr5 1 nd&i2 nd &e %reed !o see !&e li%&! (&i)& ( s s! rin% &im in !&e f )e nd (&i)& &e & d so f r ref#sed !o see5 T&e b sis of !&eir ! l*s ( s !&e offer m de b' Mr5 R 8 %o" l )& ri r !o Mr5 ;inn & in A"ril /BEE (&i)&2 ))ordin% !o !&e some(& ! in)redibleC3C s!or' !old b' Mr5 R 8 %o" l )& ri r2 ( s dis)#ssed b' &im (i!& Mr5 1 nd&i in M r)& /BE4 (&en &e .Mr5 1 nd&i0 ( s f s!in% in % ol2 nd !o (&i)& Mr5 1 nd&i & d %i+en &is f#ll ""ro+ l5 T&e follo(in% is !&e !e>! of Mr5 R 8 %o" l )& ri r<s form#l 2 "o"#l rl' s"o*en of s !&e C5 R5 Form#l ,(%) &ubject to the terms set out below as regards the constitution for 'ree $ndia, the "uslim (eague endorses the $ndian demand for $ndependence and will co)operate with the !ongress in the formation of a provisional interim government for the transitional period.

(*) +fter the termination of the war, a commission shall be appointed for demarcating contiguous districts in the north)west and east of $ndia, wherein the "uslim population is in absolute majority. $n the areas thus demarcated, a plebiscite of all the inhabitants held on the basis of adult suffrage or other practicable franchise shall ultimately decide the issue of separation from ,industan. $f the majority decide in favour of forming a sovereign &tate separate from ,industan, such decision shall be given effect to, without prejudice to the right of districts on the border to choose to join either &tate. (-) $t will be open to all parties to advocate their points of view before the plebiscite is held. (.) $n the event of separation, mutual agreements shall be entered into for safeguarding defence, and commerce and communications and for other essential purposes. (/) +ny transfer of population shall only be on an absolutely voluntary basis. (0) 1hese terms shall be binding only in case of transfer by Britain of full power and responsibility for the governance of $ndia.

T&e ! l*s (&i)& be% n on !&e B!& Se"!ember (ere ) rried on o+er "eriod of /J d 's !ill 3K!& Se"!ember2 (&en i! ( s nno#n)ed !& ! !&e ! l*s & d f iled5 T&e f il#re of !&e ! l*s "rod#)ed differen! re )!ions in !&e minds of differen! "eo"le5 Some (ere %l d2 o!&ers (ere sorr'5 B#! s bo!& & d been2 8#s! "re+io#s !o !&e ! l*s2 (ors!ed b' !&eir o""onen!s in !&eir s!r#%%le for s#"rem )'2 1 nd&i b' !&e Bri!is& nd ;inn & b' !&e @nionis! P r!' in !&e P#n8 b2 nd & d los! %ood de l of !&eir )redi!2 !&e m 8ori!' of "eo"le e>"e)!ed !& ! !&e' (o#ld "#! for!& some )ons!r#)!i+e effor! !o brin% bo#! sol#!ion5 T&e f il#re m ' & +e been d#e !o !&e defe)!s of "erson li!ies5 B#! i! m#s! &o(e+er be s id !& ! f il#re ( s ine+i! ble2 & +in% re% rd !o )er! in f#nd men! l f #l!s in !&e C5 R5 Form#l 5 In !&e firs! "l )e2 i! !ied #" !&e )omm#n l 6#es!ion (i!& !&e "oli!i) l 6#es!ion in n indissol#ble *no!5 No "oli!i) l se!!lemen!2 no )omm#n l se!!lemen!2 is !&e s!r !e%' on (&i)& !&e form#l "ro)eeds5 T&e form#l did no! offer sol#!ion5 I! in+i!ed Mr5 ;inn & !o en!er in!o de l5 I! ( s b r% in-DIf 'o# &el" #s in %e!!in% inde"enden)e2 (e s& ll be %l d !o )onsider 'o#r "ro"os l for P *is! n5D I don<! *no( from (&ere Mr5 R 8 %o" l )& ri r %o! !&e ide !& ! !&is ( s !&e bes! me ns of %e!!in% inde"enden)e5 I! is "ossible !& ! &e borro(ed i! from !&e old Hind# *in%s of Indi (&o b#il! #" lli n)e for "ro!e)!in% !&eir inde"enden)e % ins! forei%n enemies b' %i+in% !&eir d #%&!ers !o nei%&bo#rin% "rin)es5 Mr5 R 8 %o" l )& ri r for%o! !& ! s#)& lli n)es bro#%&! nei!&er %ood &#sb nd nor "erm nen! ll'5 To m *e )omm#n l se!!lemen! de"end #"on &el" rendered in (innin% freedom is +er' #n(ise ( ' of "ro)eedin% in m !!er of !&is *ind5 I! is ( ' of one " r!' dr (in% no!&er " r!' in!o i!s ne! b' offerin% )omm#n l "ri+ile%es s b i!5 T&e C5 R5 Form#l m de )omm#n l se!!lemen! n r!i)le for s le5 T&e se)ond f #l! in !&e C5 R5 Form#l rel !es !o !&e m )&iner' for %i+in% effe)! !o n' %reemen! !& ! m ' be rri+ed !5 T&e %en)' s#%%es!ed in !&e C5 R5 Form#l is !&e Pro+ision l 1o+ernmen!5 In s#%%es!in% !&is Mr5 R 8 %o" l )& ri r ob+io#sl' o+erloo*ed !(o diffi)#l!ies5 T&e firs! !&in% &e o+erloo*ed is !& ! on)e !&e Pro+ision l 1o+ernmen! ( s es! blis&ed2 !&e "romises of !&e )on!r )!in% " r!ies2 !o #se le% l "&r seolo%'2 did no! [7(o#ld no!$ rem in )on)#rren! "romises5 T&e ) se be) me [7(o#ld be)ome$ one of !&e e>e)#!ed "romise % ins! n e>e)#!or' [7'e! !o be e>e)#!ed$ "romise5 B' )onsen!in% !o !&e es! blis&men! of Pro+ision l 1o+ernmen!2 !&e Le %#e (o#ld & +e e>e)#!ed i!s "romise !o &el" !&e Con%ress !o (in inde"enden)e5 B#! !&e "romise of !&e Con%ress !o brin% bo#! P *is! n (o#ld rem in e>e)#!or'5 Mr5 ;inn &2 (&o insis!s2 nd 6#i!e ri%&!l'2 !& ! !&e "romises s&o#ld be )on)#rren!2 )o#ld ne+er be e>"e)!ed !o %ree !o "l )e &imself in s#)& "osi!ion5 T&e se)ond diffi)#l!' (&i)& Mr5 R 8 %o" l )& ri r

& s o+erloo*ed is (& ! (o#ld & ""en if !&e Pro+ision l 1o+ernmen! f iled !o %i+e effe)! !o !&e Con%ress " r! of !&e %reemen!5 9&o is !o enfor)e i!: T&e Pro+ision l 1o+ernmen! is !o be so+erei%n %o+ernmen!2 no! s#b8e)! !o s#"erior #!&ori!'5 If i! ( s #n(illin% !o %i+e effe)! !o !&e %reemen!2 !&e onl' s n)!ion o"en !o !&e M#slims (o#ld be rebellion5 To m *e !&e Pro+ision l 1o+ernmen! !&e %en)' for for%in% ne( Cons!i!#!ion2 for brin%in% bo#! P *is! n2 nobod' (ill ))e"!5 I! is sn re nd no! sol#!ion5 T&e onl' ( ' of brin%in% bo#! !&e )ons!i!#!ion l )& n%es (ill be !&ro#%& n A)! of P rli men! embod'in% "ro+isions %reed #"on b' !&e im"or! n! elemen!s in !&e n !ion l life of Bri!is& Indi 5 T&ere is no o!&er ( '5 T&ere is !&ird f #l! in !&e C5 R5 Form#l 5 I! rel !es !o !&e "ro+ision for !re !' be!(een P *is! n nd Hind#s! n !o s fe%# rd (& ! re ) lled m !!ers of )ommon in!eres!s s#)& s Aefen)e2 Forei%n Aff irs2 C#s!oms2 e!)5 Here % in Mr5 R 8 %o" l )& ri r does no! seem !o be ( re of ob+io#s diffi)#l!ies5 Ho( re m !!ers of )ommon in!eres! !o be s fe%# rded: I see onl' !(o ( 's5 One is !o & +e Cen!r l 1o+ernmen! +es!ed (i!& E>e)#!i+e nd Le%isl !i+e #!&ori!' in res"e)! of !&ese m !!ers5 T&is me ns P *is! n nd Hind#s! n (ill no! be so+erei%n S! !es5 9ill Mr5 ;inn & %ree !o !&is: Ob+io#sl' &e does no!5 T&e o!&er ( ' is !o m *e P *is! n nd Hind#s! n so+erei%n S! !es nd !o bind !&em b' !re !' rel !in% !o m !!ers of )ommon in!eres!s5 B#! (& ! is !&ere !o ens#re !& ! !&e !erms of !&e !re !' (ill be obser+ed: As so+erei%n S! !e P *is! n ) n l( 's re"#di !e i!2 e+en if i! ( s [7(ere !o be$ Aominion5 Mr5 R 8 %o" l )& ri r ob+io#sl' dre( &is ins"ir !ion in dr f!in% !&is )l #se from !&e An%lo= Iris& Tre !' of /B335 B#! &e for%o! !&e f )! !& ! !&e !re !' l s!ed so lon% s Irel nd ( s no! Aominion2 nd !& ! s soon s i! be) me Aominion i! re"#di !ed !&e !re !'2 nd !&e Bri!is& P rli men! s!ood silen! nd %rinned2 for i! *ne( !& ! i! )o#ld do no!&in%5 One does no! mind +er' m#)& !& ! !&e ! l*s f iled5 9& ! one feels sorr' for is !& ! !&e ! l*s f iled [ !$ %i+in% #s )le r ide of some of !&e 6#es!ions bo#! (&i)& Mr5 ;inn & & s been obser+in% dis)ree! silen)e in &is "#bli) #!!er n)es2 !&o#%& &e & s been 6#i!e o#!s"o*en bo#! !&em in &is "ri+ !e ! l*s5 T&ese 6#es!ions re- ./0 Is P *is! n !o be )on)eded be) #se of !&e Resol#!ion of !&e M#slim Le %#e: .30 Are !&e M#slims2 s dis!in%#is&ed from !&e M#slim Le %#e2 !o & +e no s ' in !&e m !!er: .40 9& ! (ill be !&e bo#nd ries of P *is! n: 9&e!&er !&e bo#nd ries (ill be !&e "resen! dminis!r !i+e bo#nd ries of !&e P#n8 b nd Ben% l or (&e!&er !&e bo#nd ries of P *is! n (ill be e!&nolo%i) l bo#nd ries: .E0 9& ! do !&e (ords Ds#b8e)! !o s#)& !erri!ori l d8#s!men!s s m ' be ne)ess r'D (&i)& o))#r in !&e L &ore Resol#!ion me n: 9& ! (ere !&e !erri!ori l d8#s!men!s !&e Le %#e & d in mind: .I0 9& ! does !&e (ord Dfin ll'D (&i)& o))#rs in !&e l s! " r! of !&e L &ore Resol#!ion me n: Aid !&e Le %#e )on!em"l !e !r nsi!ion "eriod in (&i)& P *is! n (ill no! be n inde"enden! nd so+erei%n S! !e: .G0 If Mr5 ;inn &<s "ro"os l !& ! !&e bo#nd ries of E s!ern nd 9es!ern P *is! n re !o be !&e "resen! dminis!r !i+e bo#nd ries2 (ill &e llo( !&e S)&ed#led C s!es2 or2 if I m ' s ' so2 !&e non=M#slims in !&e P#n8 b nd Ben% l !o de!ermine b' "lebis)i!e (&e!&er !&e' (is& !o be in)l#ded in Mr5 ;inn &<s P *is! n2 nd (&e!&er Mr5 ;inn & (o#ld be "re" red !o bide b' !&e res#l!s of !&e "lebis)i!e of !&e non=M#slim elemen!s in !&e P#n8 b nd Ben% l: .K0 Aoes Mr5 ;inn & ( n! )orridor r#nnin% !&ro#%& @5 P5 nd Bi& r !o )onne)! #" E s!ern P *is! n !o 9es!ern P *is! n: I! (o#ld & +e been %re ! % in if s!r i%&! 6#es!ions & d been "#! !o Mr5 ;inn & nd #ne6#i+o) l ns(ers ob! ined5 B#!

ins!e d of )omin% !o %ri"s (i!& Mr5 ;inn & on !&ese 6#es!ions2 Mr5 1 nd&i s"en! &is (&ole !ime "ro+in% !& ! !&e C5 R5 Form#l is s#bs! n!i ll' !&e s me s !&e Le %#e<s L &ore Resol#!ion-(&i)& ( s in%enio#s if no! nonsensi) l2 nd !&ereb' los! !&e bes! o""or!#ni!' &e & d of & +in% !&ese 6#es!ions )l rified5 Af!er !&ese ! l*s Mr5 1 nd&i nd Mr5 ;inn & & +e re!ired !o !&eir " +ilions s "l 'ers in )ri)*e! m !)& do f!er !&eir % me is o+er2 s !&o#%& !&ere is no!&in% f#r!&er !o be done5 T&ere is no indi) !ion (&e!&er !&e' (ill mee! % in2 nd if so (&en5 9& ! ne>!: is no! 6#es!ion (&i)& seems !o (orr' !&em5 Ne! i! is diffi)#l! !o see &o( Indi ) n m *e n' "oli!i) l d+ n)e (i!&o#! sol#!ion of !&e 6#es!ion (&i)& one m ' ref#se !o dis)#ss5 I! does no! belon% !o !& ! )l ss of 6#es!ions bo#! (&i)& "eo"le ) n %ree !o differ5 I! is 6#es!ion for (&i)& sol#!ion (ill & +e !o be fo#nd5 Ho(: I! m#s! be b' %reemen! or b' rbi!r !ion5 If i! is !o be b' %reemen!2 i! m#s! be !&e res#l! of ne%o!i !ions-of %i+e nd ! *e2 nd no! of s#rrender b' one side !o !&e o!&er5 T& ! [7s#rrender$ is no! %reemen!5 I! is di)! !ion5 1ood sense m ' in !&e end "re+ il2 nd " r!ies m ' )ome !o n %reemen!5 B#! %reemen! m ' !#rn o#! !o be +er' dil !or' ( '5 I! m ' ! *e lon% before %ood sense "re+ ils5 Ho( lon% one ) nno! s '5 T&e "oli!i) l freedom of Indi is mos! #r%en! ne)essi!'5 I! ) nno! be "os!"oned2 nd 'e! (i!&o#! sol#!ion of !&e )omm#n l "roblem i! ) nno! be & s!ened5 To m *e i! de"enden! on %reemen! is !o "os!"one i!s sol#!ion indefini!el'5 Ano!&er e>"edi!io#s me!&od m#s! be fo#nd5 I! seems !o me !& ! rbi!r !ion b' n In!ern !ion l Bo rd is !&e bes! ( ' o#!5 T&e dis"#!ed "oin!s in !&e minori!ies "roblem2 in)l#din% !& ! of P *is! n2 s&o#ld be remi!!ed !o s#)& Bo rd5 T&e Bo rd s&o#ld be )ons!i!#!ed of "ersons dr (n from )o#n!ries o#!side !&e Bri!is& Em"ire5 E )& s! !#!or' minori!' in Indi -M#slims2 S)&ed#led C s!es2 Si*&s2 Indi n C&ris!i ns-s&o#ld be s*ed !o sele)! i!s nominee !o !&is Bo rd of Arbi!r !ion5 T&ese minori!ies2 s lso !&e Hind#s2 s&o#ld ""e r before !&e Bo rd in s#""or! of !&eir dem nds2 nd s&o#ld %ree !o bide b' !&e de)ision %i+en b' !&e Bo rd5 T&e Bri!is& s&o#ld %i+e !&e follo(in% #nder! *in%s ,./0 T& ! !&e' (ill & +e no!&in% !o do (i!& !&e )omm#n l se!!lemen!5 I! (ill be lef! !o %reemen! or !o Bo rd of Arbi!r !ion5 .30 T&e' (ill im"lemen! !&e de)ision of !&e Bo rd of Arbi!r !ion on !&e )omm#n l 6#es!ion b' embod'in% i! in !&e 1o+ernmen! of Indi A)!5 .40 T& ! !&e ( rd of !&e In!ern !ion l Bo rd of Arbi!r !ion (o#ld be re% rded b' !&em s s#ffi)ien! dis)& r%e of !&eir obli% !ions !o !&e minori!ies in Indi 2 nd [!&e'$ (o#ld %ree !o %i+e Indi Aominion S! !#s5 T&e "ro)ed#re & s m n' d+ n! %es5 I! elimin !es !&e fe r of Bri!is& in!erferen)e in !&e )omm#n l se!!lemen!2 (&i)& & s been offered b' !&e Con%ress s n e>)#se for i!s no! bein% ble !o se!!le !&e )omm#n l "roblem5 I! is lle%ed !& !2 s !&ere is l( 's !&e "ossibili!' of !&e minori!ies %e!!in% from !&e Bri!is& some!&in% more !& n (& ! !&e Con%ress !&in*s i! "ro"er !o %i+e2 !&e minori!ies do no! (is& !o )ome !o !erms (i!& !&e Con%ress5 T&e "ro"os l & s se)ond d+ n! %e5 I! remo+es !&e ob8e)!ion of !&e Con%ress !& ! b' m *in% !&e )ons!i!#!ion s#b8e)! !o !&e )onsen! of !&e minori!ies2 !&e Bri!is& 1o+ernmen! & s "l )ed +e!o in !&e & nds of !&e minori!ies o+er !&e )ons!i!#!ion l "ro%ress of Indi 5 I! is )om"l ined !& ! !&e minori!ies ) n #nre son bl' (i!&&old !&eir )onsen!2 or !&e' ) n be "re+ iled #"on b' !&e Bri!is& 1o+ernmen! !o (i!&&old !&eir )onsen!2 s !&e minori!ies re s#s"e)!ed b' !&e Con%ress !o be mere !ools in !&e & nds of !&e Bri!is& 1o+ernmen!5 in!ern !ion l rbi!r !ion remo+es

)om"le!el' e+er' %ro#nd of )om"l in! on !&is ))o#n!5 T&ere s&o#ld be no ob8e)!ion on !&e " r! of !&e minori!ies5 If !&eir dem nds re f ir nd 8#s!2 no minori!' need & +e n' fe r from Bo rd of In!ern !ion l Arbi!r !ion5 T&ere is no!&in% #nf ir in !&e re6#iremen! of s#bmission !o rbi!r !ion5 I! follo(s !&e (ell=*no(n r#le of l (2 n mel'2 !& ! no m n s&o#ld be llo(ed !o be 8#d%e in &is o(n ) se5 T&ere is no re son !o m *e n' e>)e"!ion in !&e ) se of minori!'5 Li*e n indi+id# l2 i! ) nno! )l im !o si! in 8#d%emen! o+er i!s o(n ) se5 9& ! bo#! !&e Bri!is& 1o+ernmen!: I ) nno! see n' re son (&' !&e Bri!is& 1o+ernmen! s&o#ld ob8e)! !o n' " r! of !&is s)&eme5 T&e Comm#n l A( rd & s bro#%&! %re ! odi#m on !&e Bri!is&5 I! & s been !& n*less ! s* nd !&e Bri!is& s&o#ld be %l d !o be relie+ed of i!5 On !&e 6#es!ion of !&e dis)& r%e of !&eir res"onsibili!ies for m *in% de6# !e "ro+ision for !&e s fe!' nd se)#ri!' of )er! in )omm#ni!ies2 in res"e)! of (&i)& !&e' & +e re% rded !&emsel+es s !r#s!ees2 before !&e' relin6#is& !&eir so+erei%n!'2 (& ! more ) n s#)& )omm#ni!ies s* !& n !&e im"l n! !ion in !&e )ons!i!#!ion of s fe%# rds in !erms of !&e ( rd of n In!ern !ion l Bo rd of Arbi!r !ion: T&ere is onl' one )on!in%en)' (&i)& m ' ""e r !o )re !e some diffi)#l!' for !&e Bri!is& 1o+ernmen! in !&e m !!er of enfor)in% !&e ( rd of !&e Bo rd of Arbi!r !ion5 S#)& )on!in%en)' ) n rise if n' one of !&e " r!ies !o !&e dis"#!e is no! "re" red !o s#bmi! i!s ) se !o rbi!r !ion5 In !& ! ) se !&e 6#es!ion (ill be, (ill !&e Bri!is& 1o+ernmen! be 8#s!ified in enfor)in% !&e ( rd % ins! s#)& " r!': I see no diffi)#l!' in s 'in% !& ! !&e Bri!is& 1o+ernmen! ) n (i!& "erfe)! 8#s!i)e "ro)eed !o enfor)e !&e ( rd % ins! s#)& " r!'5 Af!er ll2 (& ! is !&e s! !#s of " r!' (&i)& ref#ses !o s#bmi! i!s ) se !o rbi!r !ion: T&e ns(er is !& ! s#)& " r!' is n %%ressor5 Ho( is n %%ressor de l! (i!&: B' s#b8e)!in% &im !o s n)!ions5 Im"lemen!in% !&e ( rd of !&e Bo rd of Arbi!r !ion in )ons!i!#!ion % ins! " r!' (&i)& ref#ses !o %o !o rbi!r !ion is sim"l' no!&er n me for !&e "ro)ess of ""l'in% s n)!ions % ins! n %%ressor5 T&e Bri!is& 1o+ernmen! need no! feel emb rr ssed in follo(in% !&is "ro)ess if !&e )on!in%en)' s&o#ld rise5 For i! is (ell= re)o%ni?ed "ro)ess of de lin% (i!& s#)& ) ses nd & s !&e im"rim !#r of !&e Le %#e of N !ions2 (&i)& e+ol+ed !&is form#l (&en M#ssolini ref#sed !o s#bmi! !o rbi!r !ion &is dis"#!e (i!& Ab'ssini 5 9& ! I & +e "ro"osed m ' no! be !&e ns(er !o !&e 6#es!ion, 9& ! ne>!: I don<! *no( (& ! else ) n be5 All I *no( is !& ! !&ere (ill be no freedom for Indi (i!&o#! n ns(er5 I! m#s! be de)isi+e2 i! m#s! be "rom"!2 nd i! m#s! be s !isf )!or' !o !&e " r!ies )on)erned5 7777777777777777777777 C/C P ndi! ; ( & rl l Ne&r# in &is #!obio%r "&' s 's !& ! Mr5 ;inn & ( n!ed !&e Con%ress !o res!ri)! i!s members&i" !o m !ri)#l !es5 C3C T&e form#l ( s dis)#ssed (i!& Mr5 1 nd&i in M r)& /BE42 b#! ( s no! )omm#ni) !ed !o Mr5 ;inn & !ill A"ril /BEE5