Reg.No:0002804 .

Title Of Project :Specific

Gravity
Group.No: S2 .
Date-Day: 28/10/2001 Sunday.

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A H M 531 Specific Gravity By: Mu'men Al-Otoom
The Civil Engineering Center 1 Visit www.AHM531.com for more lecture notes and E-books!

Objective:
How we can find specific gravity (Gs) .
By (Gs) of soil we can refer to (Gs) of mineral.
Theory:


Definition:
w (Gs) is unit weight of solids only over unit weight of
water.
Uses:
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To divided between the soil (its properties).
A H M 531 Specific Gravity By: Mu'men Al-Otoom
The Civil Engineering Center 2 Visit www.AHM531.com for more lecture notes and E-books!
To know the porosity of the soil.
To take good statement when we state to built or to
establish foundation.
Sample Identification:
. We need in this experiment amount of soil =~( 50 g)
. We need two container with same size.
Equipment:
Ovolumetric flask (500 mL).
Othermometer.
Obalance sensitive up to (0.1) g .
Odistilled water.
OBunsen burner and a stand.
Ospatula.
Oevaporating dishes.
Oplastic squeeze bottle.
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Odrying oven.
A H M 531 Specific Gravity By: Mu'men Al-Otoom
The Civil Engineering Center 3 Visit www.AHM531.com for more lecture notes and E-books!
_ Procedure:
clean the volumetric flask well and dry it.
carefully fill the flask with de-aired, distilled water up
to the (500 mL mark)( bottom of the meniscus should be
at the 500mL mark).
determine the weight of the flask and the water filled
to the 500mL mark (W1).
insert the thermometer into the flask with the water
and determine their temperature of the water T=T
1

C.
put approximately 100 g of air dry soil into an
evaporating dish.
If the soil is cohesive ,add water to the soil and mix it
to the form of a smooth paste. Keep it soaked for about
one-half to one hour in the evaporating dish.
transfer the soil (if granular) or the soil paste
(cohesive) into the volumetric flask .
add distilled water to the volumetric flask containing
the soil (or the soil paste) to make it about two-thirds full.
Remove the air from the soil-water mixture. This can
be done by :1) gently boiling 2) apply vacuum.
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bring the temperature of the soil water mixture in
the volumetric flask down to room temperature.
A H M 531 Specific Gravity By: Mu'men Al-Otoom
The Civil Engineering Center 4 Visit www.AHM531.com for more lecture notes and E-books!
add de-aired, distilled water to the volumetric flask
until the bottom of the meniscus touches the 500mL mark.
Also dry the outside of the flask and inside of the neck
above the meniscus.
determine the combined weight of the bottle plus soil
plus water (W
2
).
just as a precaution, check the ( T ) of the soil and
water in the flask.
Pour the soil and water into an evaporating dish
using the plastic squeeze bottle, wash the inside of the
flask and make sure that no soil is left inside.
Put the evaporating dish in an oven to dry to a
constant weight. Determine the weight of the dry soil in the
evaporation dish (W
3
).

Result & analysis:
Calculation:

if : W1 = W(task+water)
W2= W(task+water+soil)
W3=Ws = ~ 50g.

Gs =
weight of soil .
weight of equile volume of water

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Gs=(W3) / ((W1+W3) (W2))
A H M 531 Specific Gravity By: Mu'men Al-Otoom
The Civil Engineering Center 5 Visit www.AHM531.com for more lecture notes and E-books!
Ws,W3 ) (
....

W(water+bottle)= Ww+b
W(solid)=Ws
W(w+b)+Ws = W(total)=Wt
Wt W(bws) = W(bw)+Ws W(bws) .

W(w+b) = 134.51 g
W(bws) = 153.25 g
W(2container) = 65.37 g

W(container+drysolid) = W(c+ds) = 95.43 g
Ws = 95.43 65.37 = 30.06 g

Gs= (Ws / Ww) = / ((Wcw+Ws) (Wcws))

=(30.06)/ (11.32) = 2.655 .



wDiscussion & Conclusion:
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Discuss the result:
A H M 531 Specific Gravity By: Mu'men Al-Otoom
The Civil Engineering Center 6 Visit www.AHM531.com for more lecture notes and E-books!
After this experiment we observe many things ex:
1) The role of error in experment.
2) There are many situation can error happends in it.
3) The experiment is very easy but it need to accuracy.




Errors :
We can see error in weight.
Wecan see error in drying when ( T ) made very
high then the organic material decrese.
We can see error in weight of cotainer when it not
clean & dry.
importment:
this experiment is very important but its need accuracy &
prision. Because it has many factor ( T, Air, pump & S ).





.
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A H M 531 Specific Gravity By: Mu'men Al-Otoom
The Civil Engineering Center 7 Visit www.AHM531.com for more lecture notes and E-books!

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A H M 531 Specific Gravity By: Mu'men Al-Otoom
The Civil Engineering Center 8 Visit www.AHM531.com for more lecture notes and E-books!