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Preface to the Second Edition xiii Preface to the First Edition xv PART I: FUNDAMENTALS 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
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Chemical Reactors 3 Chemical Reaction Engineering What Do We Need To Know? Industrial Processes 7 Modeling 10 Sources 11 References 14 Problems 16
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Contents
2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 Reactor Mass Balances 37 The Batch Reactor 38 Variable Density 47 Chemical Reactors 51 Thermodynamics and Reactors 53 Adiabatic Reactor Temperature 54 Chemical Equilibrium 57 Petroleum Rening 59 Polyester from Renery Products and Natural Gas 68 What Should I Do When I Dont Have Reaction Rates? Reaction-Rate Data 74 Summary 80 References 80 Problems 80
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Contents
4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 Conversion, Selectivity, and Yield 155 Complex Reaction Networks 159 Series Reactions 160 Parallel Reactions 171 Multiple Reactions with Variable Density 180 Real Reaction Systems and Modeling 183 Approximate Rate Expressions for Multiple-Reaction Systems Simplied Reactions 185 Reaction Mechanisms 192 Collision Theory of Bimolecular Reactions 195 Activated Complex Theory 196 Designing Reactors for Multiple Reactions 198 Problems 199
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NONISOTHERMAL REACTORS
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5.1 Heat Generation and Removal 211 5.2 Energy Balance in a CSTR 214 5.3 Energy Balance in a PFTR 215 5.4 Equations to be Solved 217 5.5 Heat Removal or Addition to Maintain a Reactor Isothermal 5.6 Adiabatic Reactors 221 5.7 Trajectories and Phase-Plane Plots 232 5.8 Trajectories of Wall-Cooled Reactors 233 5.9 Exothermic Versus Endothermic Reactions 236 5.10 Other Tubular Reactor Congurations 236 5.11 Temperature Prole in a Packed Bed 240 Problems 242
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Contents
7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 Transport and Reaction 277 Mass Transfer Coefcients 280 External Mass Transfer 283 Pore Diffusion 285 Temperature Dependence of Catalytic Reaction Rates The Automotive Catalytic Converter 291 The Catalytic Wall Reactor 295 LangmuirHinshelwood Kinetics 298 Summary of Surface Reaction Kinetics 309 Designing Catalytic Reactors 310 Electrochemical Reactors 312 Real Catalytic Reactions 313 Bioreactors 314 The Human Reactor 315 References 317 Problems 318
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The Complete Equations 332 Reactor Mass and Energy Balances 335 Residence Time Distribution 337 Laminar Flow Tubular Reactors 341 Dispersion in a Tubular Reactor 344 Recycle Reactors 345 CSTRs in Series 348 Diagnosing Reactors 349 Summary 349 Problems 350
REACTIONS OF SOLIDS
9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.11 9.12
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Reactions Involving Solids 353 Chemical Vapor Deposition and Reactive Etching 354 Solids Reactors 357 Reaction Rates of Solids 358 Films, Spheres, and Cylinders 359 Macroscopic and Microscopic Solids 362 Dissolving and Growing Films 364 Dissolving and Growing Spheres 368 Diffusion Through Solid Films 371 Transformation of Spheres 375 Mass Balances in Solid and Continuous Phases 377 Electrical Analogy 380
Contents
9.13 9.14 Summary References Problems 381 382 382
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12.4 Origins and Changes in Living Systems 480 12.5 Bioenergy and Metabolic Pathways 484 12.6 Measurements in Biological Systems 489 12.7 Rates and Kinetics of Biological Processes 491 12.8 Biochemical Engineering 510 12.9 Chemically Synthesized Biological Molecules 515 12.10 Economics of Bioprocesses 518 12.11 Biological Reactors 519 12.12 Summary 521 12.13 References 521 Problems 522
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Only Chemical Engineers Can Solve Environmental Problems Green Chemistry 527 Renewable Chemical Resources 530 Regulations 534 Accidents 535 Waste Treatment 537 Modeling the Environment 537 Ecological Modeling 544 Summary 549 Problems 549
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MULTIPHASE REACTORS
14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 14.16 14.17 14.18 14.19
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Types of Multiphase Reactors 555 Mass Transfer Reactors 556 Mass Balance Equations 557 Interfacial Surface Area 560 Mass Transfer Between Phases 560 Multiphase Reactor Equations 562 Equilibrium Between Phases 563 Membrane Reactors 564 Falling Film Reactor 567 Bubble Column Reactors 572 Falling Film Catalytic Wall Reactor 578 Trickle Bed Reactor 580 Multiphase Reactors with Catalysts 581 Other Multiphase Reactors 582 Analysis of Multiphase Reactors 585 ReactorSeparation Integration 586 Catalytic Distillation 587 Chromatographic Reactors 588 Iron Ore Rening 591
Contents
14.20 14.21 The Petroleum Renery Summary 594 Problems 594 592
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Appendix A: Integrating Differential Equations Appendix B: Notation 607 611 Appendix C: Conversion Factors Index 613
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