Steps to be followed during Synopsis writing (3000 words/25-30 pages)

(Yours study 90% itations/referen es s!ould be post 2000" #se $a%i$u$ &ournal referen es" Your wor' s!ould be in your own wordings( you are allowed only )5% plagiaris$) *!apter + ) ()0-)5 pages) (,rite t!is !apter in present tense) -ntrodu tion )") .a 'ground (pages /-5) Introduction of study along with its origin, history and background, Introduce the topic with the support of references in ascending order. Also write the introduction of company, organization, sector or industry, where you are going to conduct the research. But your main focus should be on the topic. Describe each variable in this part. )"2 0roble$ -dentifi ation/ .road 0roble$ 1rea/2eed of t!e Study (2-3 pages) You have to identify the problem, where the actual problem is e isting theoretically as well as practically, as we have discussed in the class how to identify the problem, I mean build a story by three different ways !" #ind the gap from literature with proper references $future directions% limitations of updated papers specially from &''()!')!!)!& papers"* &" build the local scenario of your target sector or companies by comparing the theory%literature and practice%actual situation and +" compare the current situation of your particular sector or company with globe and then write situation of ,akistan. 3!is is t!e 4ery i$portant part of your study" )"3 0roble$ State$ent -rite the actual problem%cru in one or two sentence%s drive it from the problem identification. )"/ 5esear ! 6uestion/s Derive from problem statement )"5 7b8e ti4es of t!e Study -rite the ob.ective%s of your study which start from / to0 and the mostly useable words are $1o e plore, to determine, to find out, to measure, to highlight, to e amine, to .udge"

)"9 Signifi an e of t!e Study ()"5 -2 pages) Discuss the importance%worth%rationale of the study, what kind of benefit and who will be the beneficiary%ies of this work, what will be the practical implications, how this study will contribute in your particular area or sector2 -hat kind of policy will be given by this study2 )": S ope of t!e study () page) -hat will be the scope of your research in future2 3ow much your study will cover the scenario2 3ow much the study results are generalized2

*!apter + 2 ()0-)5 pages) ;iterature 5e4iew (,rite t!is !apter in past tense( al$ost use se ond for$) In this part e plain your study variables by the support of citations%references, I mean bombard this part with references. 4iterature review should be written as i.e. the significant relationship was found among the dependent and independent variables $Aurther, &''(5 &+ page"* or 6ing $&'!'" conducted a research on7777. page numbers if feel convenient. Also put you voice among the different scholars ideas%finds $I mean commentary". 1he appropriate words could be $8laborated, declared, discussed, highlighted, e amined,

e plored, agued, found, focused on, determined, revealed, investigated, described, showed, used, predicted, studied, developed, follow the approach used by, documented, favored this, noticed that, studied the determinants, 8arlier researches relied on, suggested, reinforced etc."

At the end of the literature review before theoretical framework you have to write the summery of the literature how many variables are used and what relationship is found in the literature2

2") 3!eoreti al fra$ewor' (7nly for pri$ary data) Draw a figure which shows the independent%s mediating%moderating% intervening and dependent variables relationship and put the sign $9 or )" on arrows on the bases of literature review. 75 2") 5esear ! <odel (only for se ondary data) Draw an e:uation and tell about abbreviation%s or alphabetic%s 2"2 =ypot!eses State$ents Draw the hypothesis%es on the bases of literature review. -hat relationship was found in previous researches and yours; study assumptions%hypotheses will be in line of previous studies.

*!apter + 3 (5-)0 pages) <et!odology of pri$ary >ata olle tion (1t proposal writing stage write t!is !apter in future tense( al$ost use will( and s!all and students at pro8e t/t!esis writing stage use past tense i"e" was( were) 5esear ! <et!odology 3") 5esear ! >esign 8 plain what is research design2 and what will be the design of this study2 3"2 0opulation of t!e Study 8 plain what is population2 and what will be the population of this study2 3"3 Sa$pling 3e !ni?ues 8 plain the techni:ues of sampling and what will be sampling techni:ue of this study2 3"/ Sa$ple Si@e -hat is sample2 And what will be sample size of your study2 3"5 -nstru$ent and <easures/ 5esear ! 3ools (4ery i$portant part of t!e !apter) -rite about the research instrument, how many variables are used2 3ow many are independents and dependents2 -rite their names. Is scale%instrument%:uestionnaire self developed or adopted or adapted from previous studies2 If adopted%adapted from past studies give their references. Also write how many items%statements%:uestions are used to measure the each variable. -hich software will be used for analysis2 3"9 0ro edure/ data olle tion 8 plain what will be the procedure of data collection 3": >ata 1nalysis

-hat will be the appropriate tests for your study and write the assumptions%applications of those tests2

*!apter + 3 (5-)0 pages) <et!odology of Se ondary >ata olle tion 3") resear ! >esign 3"2 <et!odologi al ;iterature -rite the different techni:ues of data analysis which have been used in previous studies i.e. 6mith $&'!!" conducted research%analyzed on777777. And used%apply the techni:ue towards data analysis 777777. 3"3 >ata #rom where the data of each variable was taken and what was the time span2 3"/ Statisti s -rite about the variables, their formulas%e:uations etc. dependent, and independent variables 3"5 3e !ni?ues -hat will be the most appropriate techni:ue for data analysis and introduction of that techni:ue2 Backgrounds of those techni:ue, assumptions etc.

5eferen es (S!ould be in 101 style( w!i ! is gi4e in t!e 1-7# $anual at page + 52) 3!e itations/referen es w!i ! are used in te%t $ust be in lude in referen e list and s!ould be written in proper referen ing style"

Questionnaire should be designed as following 7nly for pri$ary >ata olle tion 100A2>-B 6uestionnaireC 3itle of t!e Study 1he study is being conducted by )))))* ))) <niversity Islamabad =ampus. 1he primary ob.ective of this study is to )))))))))). I wish to assure you that any response you make will be strictly confidential. If you have any :uery, you can contact at 8)mail5 )))))))) or =ell5 )))))))))). Section: 1 (Demographic Variables) You can add or adjust these variables as per our stud !. &. >ender?ale $ Age !@)+!, " +&)AA, AB)BC, #emale B@)C' $ "

Section: ! (research variables) 0lease 3i ' ( ) your responses using t!e following s aleC ()D Strongly >isagree( 2D >isagree( 3D 2eutral( /D 1greed( 5D Strongly 1gree)
5ating 6r. D Eariables Strongly >isagree ()) ! & + A -"ame of second Variable "ame of Variable 1 >isagree (2) 2eutral (3) 1gree (/) Strongly 1gree (5)

---

"ame of third Variable

-E

"ame of fourth Variable

"ame of fifth Variable

If any point you are not understanding then read the AIE< manual each part is e plained