Women and man are commonly seen as having different strengths and weaknesses

Women and man are commonly seen as having different strengths and weaknesses. Is it right to exclude males or females from certain professions because of their gender? Model answer: There have always been differences in the types of work men and women have done. However. The trend in modern times has been for both men and women to have greater freedom of choice in terms of employment. Some people might say that there is no need to go further. However. In my view, wherever possible, gender equality should be encouraged. There may indeed be good arguments for allowing certain posts to remain predominantly male or female. Where all-male or all-female groups exist, there may be a need for related posts to be held by men and women respectively. Patients in all-female hospital wards, for example. Would probably appreciate having female nurses to look after them. It could also be argued that certain jobs requiring a great deal of physical strength, coal mining or logging for example. Should continue to be done mainly by men. However, in the vast majority of situations, making occupations more open to both genders has distinct advantages. Men and women can bring slightly different perspectives and approaches to a job. Female police officers, for example. May have a greater understanding of domestic violence and a better range of strategies for dealing with this problem. Male primary school teachers probably have a better understanding of the needs of young boys and can serve as good role models for them. The changes that result from allowing men into female-dominated occupations and vice versa may be subtle. But they are far-reaching. However, to benefit the most from this development, it is important not to expect males and females to approach work in identical ways. New technologies and ways of buying and selling are transforming to the lives of consumers New technologies and ways of buying and selling are transforming to the lives of consumers. To what extend do you agree or disagree with this opinion? My essay: The internet has undoubtedly changed the way people shop. In some countries, buying and selling products online has become commonplace. Enthusiasts claim that the internet offers consumers greater choice and flexibility. However, those who say that the internet is transforming the lives of consumers are going too far. Firstly, although online shopping appears to offer greater convenience, it is often rather risky and cumbersome in practice. Consumers can not evaluate the quality of online products by handing them directly. Instead, they must rely on sellers to describe goods accurately in word and/or pictures. Mistakes can easily be

made, leading to the inconvenience of having to exchange goods or seek a refund. Products bought online also normally need to be delivered by post. The convenience of online shopping thus hinges in part on the efficiency of the postal service. Secondly, in spite of the promise of lower prices, internet shopping seldom offers substantial savings. A competitive marketplace ensures that large price differentials rapidly disappear as suppliers align themselves with one another. Also, the cost of postage is normally borne by the buyer. A product that appears to be a bargain on screen often turns out to be no cheaper than the same product bought in a shop. Not surprisingly, only one in ten purchases in the UK are made online. For these reasons, internet shopping is likely to remain a minority pursuit. The continuing popularity of shopping in the traditional way suggests that consumers continue to value its advantages: the opportunity to sample, compare and buy products in a real as opposed to a virtual space. Sample ielts writing #7 What can be done to maintain biodiversity?

The importance of biodiversity is being more widely recognized as increasing numbers of species come under threat. What can be done to maintain biodiversity? My essay: In recent years there has been growing awareness of the importance of preserving the worlds biological diversity. As increasing numbers of unique, and potentially useful, plants and animals come under threat, people are beginning to ask whether more can be done to reserve this trend. One possible approach is to regulate agricultural and industrial activity so that pollution and disruption to natural habitats is kept to a minimum. People argue that economic prosperity must be curtailed if it comes at the expense of the environment. However, businesses affected are unlikely to comply with such a strategy. It may even generate hostility to conservation efforts generally if the economic costs are perceived to be too high.

An alternative approach would be to protect and expand nature reserves so that complete ecosystems can be kept intact. This would ensure that a minimum number of wild plants and animals would survive. However, although such places are indeed valuable, experience shows that it is difficult to protect rare plants and animals from exploitation. In fact, as some species, like the tiger, become rarer, the more valuable they become to poachers and others who seek to benefit from their trade. A more effective approach is to educate the public about the benefits of biodiversity. Money should be invested in the research and development of the world's biological resources. Once people understand that there are real benefits to exploiting natural resources in a sustainable way, they are more likely to make the short-term sacrifices necessary to preserve natural habitats. Sample IELTS writing #6
Convenience foods replace traditional method of food preparation.

Convenience foods will become increasingly prevalent and eventually replace traditional method of food preparation. To what extend do you agree or disagree with this opinion? My essay: One of the most significant advances of civilization is the development of modern methods of food production and preparation. Convenience foods have now become the norm in many societies. Although some people idealize traditional cooking practices and believe they will prevail indefinitely, demographic trends suggest that this is unlikely to be the case. In fact, there are a number of reasons for believing that convenience foods are unlikely to grow in popularity. The first reason is the decline in family size and the increase in single-adult households. In more traditional societies, where families tended to be large, it made economic sense for one person to devote

him/herself to time-consuming domestic tasks such as growing and preparing foods. Nowadays, people tend to live in ever smaller families units. If each family were to spend large amounts of time growing and processing food, this would be a poor use of societys human resource. Another reason convenience foods are likely to become more popular is the increase in the number of adults, especially women with children, who work in full-time employment. In the UK, for example, working mothers significantly outnumber stay-at-home mothers. There is evidence that consumption of convenience foods rises with numbers of hours worked. As modern life increasingly demands that people are economically active, this trend is likely to continue. Although many people still value traditional foods and methods of cooking, the trend towards smaller, dual-income households suggests that convenience foods are likely to continue to grow in popularity and may very well eventually replace traditional methods of food production and preparation. Sample IELTS writing #5
How to reduce stress (2)

How to reduce stress Stress is now a major problem in many countries around the world. However, we can reduce stress if we know its roots clearly. First of all, high pressure can lead to stress especially time pressure. Fortunately, better time management is often regarded to be the key dealing with time pressure. Time management include setting priorities which needs to be done firstly and setting real goals. In addition, better time management helps people to have more time to relax, which enhance their mood and health. Secondly, stress can came from low health. Solution to people in this case is taking more daily exercises which can make them feel better and release stress. However, if they have a vulnerable body, they should ask doctor before doing

anything. Obviously, well-nourished body is better to cope with stress so we should eat a healthy diet and get away from caffeine, sugar, alcohol and nicotine. Thirdly, people may become stressed if they do not share their problems and keep these inside. Simply changing the viewpoint may help them to see it from a more positive way. Moreover, they should share their feelings with close friends. Their friends can encourage and help them more than they expected. In some case, if they cannot talk their friends, the best way they can do is smiling. Recent researches show that smile can reduce the stress considerably. There are many solutions for stress. However, people should choose the best way for themselves. They should start thinking in a positive way and enjoy their life from now. Sample IELTS writing #4
ou should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The chart below shows the percentage change in the share of international students among university graduates in different Canadian provinces between 2001 and 2006. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

Source: Statistics Canada, Postsecondary Student Information System

Test Tip
In Task 1 of the IELTS Writing modules, you may be asked to describe a graph which shows changes over a period of time. To do this you need to use language expressing change and appropriate tenses. In the exam, make sure you leave time to edit your written answer. You will lose marks if you make too many mistakes in grammar and vocabulary.

Model answer
The chart shows changes in the share of international students who graduated from universities in different Canadian provinces over a period of 5 years. In 2001, this share had a relatively narrow range, from 3% in Ontario to 7.0% in New Brunswick. Nova Scotia had the second highest proportion at 6.5%. Five years later, the figures for most provinces had risen, with the exception of Alberta. There, the figures fell by 1% to just over 4%. By 2006, some parts of Canada experienced a considerable increase in their share of international graduates. Growth in this share was especially strong in the case of New Brunswick, where the figures rose from 7% to 12%. The largest growth occurred in British Columbia, where it more than doubled to 11%. Over this five-year period, changes in the proportion of international graduates have been very uneven across the provinces of Canada. However, New Brunswick remained the province with the highest percentage overall. (158 words)
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The diagrams show a structure that is used to generate electricity from wave power. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

Generating electricity from sea waves

Test Tip
1) Describe key stages in the process in a logical order, making comparisons where appropriate. 2) Use suitable words and phrases to structure and link the process clearly. 3) Remember to include an overview summarising the main features of the process. 4) Vary your vocabulary and use your own words as far as possible.

Model answer
The two diagrams show how electricity can be generated from the rise and fall of water caused by sea waves. The process involves a structure which is mounted on the side of a cliff or sea wall. This structure consists of a large chamber. One end is open to the sea, and the other leads into a vertical column, which is open to the atmosphere. A turbine is installed inside this column and this is used to generate the electricity in two phases. The first diagram indicates that when a wave approaches the device, water is forced into the chamber, applying pressure on the air within the column. This air escapes to atmosphere through the turbine, thereby producing electricity. The second diagram illustrates the next part of the process when wave retreats. As the water level falls, the air from outside the column is sucked back in through the turbine. As a result, electricity continues to be generated. The turbine rotates only in one direction, regardless of the direction of the air flow. In conclusion, we can see that this structure is useful as electricity is generated in both phases: entering and retreating of water.(195 words)

IELTS essay, topic: the development of technology causes traditional skills to die out, agree or disagree?
When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? Nowadays, technological advances and their rapid and wide applications are having a significant impact on a nations traditional skills and ways of life. Some argue that such impact is so extraordinary that it would make conventional skills and life styles obsolete. However, I believe they would continue to thrive by providing alternatives to modern ways of life, and innovative ideas for modern technologies. First of all, traditional skills and ways of life are becoming an alternative solution to the problems caused by mainstreamed ways of life which are greatly influenced by modern technologies. For instance, a cosy restaurant where traditional, home-brewed beer is served, offers another experience to people who are bored with branded beers that have the same flavour and come out of mass production with new technologies. It is in such a venue where traditional skills are preserved, people become relaxed and educated. Providing diversity and thus enriching modern ways of life, such traditional skills and ways of life would continue to have their place. Furthermore, conventional skills provide innovative ideas to the development of modern technologies. For example, sparkled by how the word Love is traditionally knitted into a sweater by some ethnic minority women in some parts of Asia, some business managers from textile industry have developed some production lines by applying the traditional skills to Computer-Aided Designs (CAD). The products have boosted the companies sales which in turn have increased their investment in preserving traditional skills for further developing their technologies. To conclude, traditional skills and life styles are increasingly becoming a useful alternative to the homogeneity brought by global applications of modern technologies. However, the evolution of technologies is a selection process, whereby some would become obsolete, but there is no doubt that some would thrive when their roles are appreciated. This is a good essay. The requirements of the task statement are covered, the arguments make sense and are presented in a coherent, easy to follow way, the range of vocabulary is wide enough and the writer shows fluency and flexibility. There are only a few errors (mouse over the words underlined in blue shows suggested corrections). Overall this looks like an IELTS Band 8 essay.

IELTS essay, topic: Why do criminals commit another offence after being punished? !
Many offenders commit more crimes after serving the first punishment. Why is this happening, and what measures can be taken to tackle this problem? It is true that some criminals commit crimes again after they have been punished. While there are several reasons for this alarming trend, some effective measures can be taken by governments to tackle this problem. There are two main reasons for re-offenders. Firstly, the prison system can make the situation worse. Criminals put together in prison and they make friends with other offenders. While they are locked up in prison, they do not have much to do there, and they would exchange information about what they have done before they came to the prison or they may plan crimes with other inmates. Secondly, offenders often do not have any other means of earning money. They are poor, uneducated and lacking skills needed to maintain a job. Also, a criminal record makes finding a job difficult as people usually avoid hiring ex-convict.

To solve this problem, governments should focus on rehabilitation of criminals rather than punishment. Above all, prisons need vocational training which makes inmates to prepare for life outside the prison. They can learn practical skills such as computer programming, car maintenance and graphic design. In this way, they can be hired for a position that requires this certain knowledge and skills. Community service is another way to reform offenders. Rather than being locked up in prison with other inmates, offenders can help society and become useful to their local community, and these activities would eliminate the negative influence that prisons can have. In conclusion, it is true the re-offenders are one of the problems incur community; it can be solved by focusing rehabilitation rather than punishment itself.

IELTS essay, topic: Schools should select students by their academic abilities, agree or disagree?
Some people think that schools should select students according to their academic abilities, while others believe that it is better to have students with different abilities studying together. Discuss both views and state your own opinion. Some people contend that mixed ability classes are more beneficial for childrens development than streaming them on the basis of judgement about their academic abilities. However, from my perspective, I disagree with this contention. Admittedly, mixed ability classes provide a better environment for childrens all -round development. In such classes, children with different abilities study together and in turn they can learn from one another. From example, a student, who is good at academic study but weak in dancing or painting, can learn how to dance or paint form his peers. In this sense, mixed ability classes allow students to develop their abilities in different subjects instead of only academic abilities. Despite the argument above, I believe streaming students brings more benefits to teachers and students. As for teachers, separating children with better academic abilities from others facilitates effective teaching. This practice helps teachers to control their students more conveniently and easily. Compared with mixed ability in which teacher should consider students differences when they are using teaching methodologies, streaming makes this situation simpler. To be more specific, students are at the same level of academic ability in a class, and in turn teachers can use the same methodologies for them all. In this way, the narrower the spread of ability in the class, the more convenient the teaching can be. On top of this, steaming enables students to learn in an effective way. According to students different abilities, they are taught in different ways that are more suitable for them. In the top streams, students use more difficult materials, therefore, they can learn more. In sharp contrast, teachers can explain the material more slowly to those in bottom streams. Under this circumstance, students with different academic abilities can study effectively and efficiently. In the final analysis, mixed ability classes are beneficial for students versatile development, but in my opinion, segregating students based on different academic ability is better for both teachers and students.

IELTS essay, topic: Children these days are suffering from obesity, why and how can it be solved?
Modern children are suffering from the diseases that were once considered to be meant for adults only. Obesity is a major disease prevalent among children. What are its causes and what solutions can be offered?

Nowadays, the increasing rate of overweight children and adults is a worldwide health issue. Obesity is a major problem which is increasing day by day in school going children. There are various reasons behind it. This essay will discuss the causes of obesity and offer some solutions. The first cause of obesity is junk food. It is often seen that mostly children are fond of burgers, pizzas, noodles and coke. These types of foods are easily available to them in school canteens. Children love to purchase chips, chocolates, - ice-cream for lunch. Moreover, in this modern era, parents are working and they do not have time to cook at home. Parents often buy dinner for their children instead of preparing food at home. This calorie-rich diet is making children obese. This problem can be solved by teaching children to cook healthy foods for themselves and banning junk foods and fizzy drinks in schools. This diet can be replaced by milk, juice and fruits for lunch. The second cause of obesity is sedentary life style. It is true that the use of computers and television is increasing in children. They spend most of their time watching television or playing video games on a computer. This technological advancement has reduced the level of physical activity in this specific age group. This issue can be resolved by encouraging children to do physical exercises. Parents can take their children to park to encourage playing with friends. Furthermore, schools can add sports in their curriculum to maintain physical fitness in their students. To sum up, it is clear that main causes of obesity are unhealthy eating and not enough physical activities. This ailment can be prevented and treated by healthy eating habits and physical exercises.

IELTS essay, topic: Public libraries should only provide books, not videos or DVD, agree or disagree?
Public libraries should only provide books and should not waste their limited resources on expensive high-tech media such as software, videos or DVDs. Do you agree or disagree? With the proliferation of high-tech media, some people hold that the public libraries would be rendered obsolete if they do not offer software, videos or DVDs to their users while other assert its only a waste of limited resources and the libraries should offer books only. High-tech media is, in many ways, indeed superior to the books in terms of entertainment, attraction, and functionality. For instance, videos and DVDs function as a visual means to assist people to have a first-hand experience even though those people have not physically visited or seen the objects which are introduced in the books. Also, despite the audio-visual equipment would be prohibitive to install, the capital cost would be lowered by appealing to a sizable number of users. More importantly, software could assist the library goers to access the Internet to update their knowledge on a daily basis; in contrast, books typically take multiple months to be published, which in turn render their contents outdated to some extent. In addition, upon learning that the computer literacy has become an essential skill recently, public libraries should take on the responsibility to educate its users how to operate a computer. Furthermore, it is a common practice for most public libraries to share their resources via the Internet. In this way, even if one book of interest cannot be found in one library, the borrower still could locate the book from other libraries and then request the librarians to transfer the book to that particular library. In conclusion, public libraries would benefit in multiple ways if they are equipped with the hightech media.

IELTS essay, topic: Children should be engaged in paid work, agree or disagree?
In many countries children are engaged in different kinds of paid work. Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it a valuable work experience, important for learning and taking responsibility. What is your opinion? The issue of whether or not children should be engaged in some paid work has sparked a heated debate. While some argue that having some employment experience is conducive to a childs learning and development, I contend that it would bring harm to the childs heath and learning. First of all, a workplace designed for adults is normally shortage of child-friendly facilities. Desks and chairs are too high for a child; the light switches are installed on the walls unreachable by children; also emergency training and facilities such as phones are only provided to adults. Furthermore, various hazards such as polluted air and chemical fumes are still produced in factories and farms. Undoubtedly young people would suffer in such workplaces. Also, children would find it frustrating when they are not properly inducted before starting a job. A child working in a cement factory would feel a setback when he could not get immediate support while struggling with the procedures of recording different raw materials that is required by the job. Further, without sufficient support, a childs misunderstanding or inappropriately communicating with adults would only disappoint him and prevents him from active learning and interacting with other people. To conclude, a childs paid employment experience would lead to a negative impact on their health and active learning. However, recognizing the importance of childrens learning and their awareness of responsibility, it is advisable to encourage them to be involved in some volunteering opportunities where they can meaningfully learn and interact with other people with sufficient care and support in place for such jobs.

IELTS essay, topic: Should people spend a lot on weddings and birthday parties?
Some people think that spending a lot on holding wedding parties, birthday parties and other celebrations is just a waste of money. Others, however, think that these are necessary for individuals and the society. Discuss both views and give your opinion. Throwing parties can be expensive. While some people do not find these fancy parties worth what they cost, others believe parties are important to both individuals and the society. People choose to throw parties for a number of reasons. For starters, parties can make better teams. Project kick-off parties are good opportunities to break the ice and help team members to know each other better. Victory parties create a sense of success and belonging. Companies do not see parties as wastes of money and allocate budget to support such events. Moreover, parties often leave good memories. From our own experiences, we all have happy memories of our birthday parties when we were little. Every family has great photos took on family parties in their album. In addition, contrary to what some people believe that spending on parties is a waste of social resources, parties actually create value, either by employing people in the party planning business or by offering people better party experiences.

The popularity of parties, however, causes some tension in the society. Parties are hard on introverted people who find themselves uncomfortable in parties. This is a clinic symptom which psychologists call it social anxiety disorder. There are other ways to celebrate important events that may have greater value for their cost. For instance, companies could send out gifts after successful projects and parents could take their children on family trips to celebrate birthdays. In my opinion, while a party is a form of social event that brings many benefits to individuals and the society, other choices should also be considered, either to cut spending or to relieve the stress of those who are not fond of parties.

IELTS Essay, topic: the positive and the negative sides of globalization
Even though globalization affects the worlds economies in a positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten. Discuss. In the present age, globalization is playing an increasingly important role in our lives. But in the meantime whether it is a blessing or a curse has sparked a heated debate. Some people argue that globalization has a fundamentally beneficial influence on our lives, while many others contend that it has a detrimental effect as well. A convincing argument can be made about globalization not only playing a pivotal role in the development of technology and economy, but also promoting the cultural exchange between different countries. To start with, it is the globalization that impelled many corporate to become international groups, thereby making a contribution to the local technology and employment. Specifically, when a multinational group establish a factory in a developing country, the new equipment, the new management skills and the job vacancies are all in the best interest of the local society. Moreover, people worldwide can get to know each other better through globalization. It is easy to see that more and more Hollywood blockbusters show cultures different from American, some recent examples are Kungfu
Describe an artist or entertainer you admire. You should say:

Who they are and what they do How they became successful How you found out about them And explain why you admire them

Describe a subject you enjoyed studying at school. You should say:

When and where you started studying it What lessons were like What made the subject different from other subjects

And explain why you enjoyed the subject Describe an important choice you had to make in your life. You should say: When you had this choice What you had to choose between Whether you made a good choice

And explain how you felt when you were making this choice Describe a job you have done. You should say: How you got doing the job What the job involved How long the job lasted Describe how well you did the job

Panda

and

The

Mummy.

Admittedly, the profit driven side of globalization has severely affected young people. Today, in the metropolises in different countries, it is very common to see teenagers wearing NIKE T-shirts and

Adidas footwear, playing Hip-Hop music on Apple iPods and eating at KFC. The culture that took a thousand years to form just seems similar in these cities; it seems as though you can only distinguish them by their language. Meanwhile, in some developing countries, sweat workshops are always a concerning issue. For instance, reports show that some teenagers employed by NIKEs contractors work in smelly factories over 14 hours a day, but are only paid fifty cents per hour. To sum up, I would concede that globalization does come with some adverse effects. Despite that fact, benefits created by it far outweigh the disadvantages. Overall, I am convinced that we should further promote globalization and meanwhile the local government should take measures to combat culture assimilation and sweat workshops.

IELTS Essay, topic: children and rules

In some countries children have very strict rules of behaviour, in other countries they are allowed to do almost anything they like. To what extent should children have to follow rules? The extent to which children have to follow rules is in itself a very complex issue, since children across the world grow up in very different cultures. In India for example, children are expected to be very submissive to their parents as well as other adults around them. This, however, is not the case with the Western countries of the world where children follow t he motto Thou shalt do what thou wilt as promoted by celebrities and rock stars. I believe that following strict rules has both advantages as well as serious drawbacks as discussed below. Firstly, strict rules of behaviour create responsible and respectful children who in turn mature into respectful adults. This forms a stable society which is virtually free from negative trends such as prostitution and drug abuse. Secondly, if children do not follow strict rules of behaviour, they may get out of hand and become work-shy and indolent. This may then create a burden on the society since the government has to find ways to cater for these social ills.

However, forcing children to follow strict rules of behaviour doesnt always yield positive results as discussed above, most of the time it backfires and works against society. For example, teenagers are more likely to do the opposite of what theyre told to do simply because they want to be independent. Children should also have rights to exercise their free will and develop their own pattern of behaviours. Imposing strict rules may simply destroy the individuality of children. At the end of the day, it is clear that children should be guided by rules, but these rules should not be imposed on them because as human beings, they need to have room to develop their own traits of character and adopt a behavioural pattern of their own.

IELTS Essay, topic: Computers instead of teachers

As computers are being used more and more in education, there will be soon no role for teachers in the classroom. There is no doubt that education and the learning process has changed since the introduction of computers: The search for information has become easier and amusing, and connectivity has expedited the data availability. Though experts systems have made computers more intelligent, they have not yet become a substitute of the human interaction in the learning process. In my opinion what can be expected is a change of the teachers role, but not their disappearance from the classroom. Nobody can argue that the acquisition of knowledge is more fun and easier with computers. The mere activity of touching and exploring this device constitutes an enjoyable task for a child. This, accompanied by the relaxing attitude and software interactivity, usually contributes to a better grasping of new knowledge. At a higher educational level the availability of digital books,

simulators and other academic materials provide the student with an ever accessible source of information, that otherwise would not be at hand. But, besides the increasing complexity and behaviour of intelligent software, which is usually embedded in the academic digital material, the need for human interaction in the learning process will always be present, at least in the foreseeable future. There is the necessity for a human being to be able to determine what the specifics needs of each individual are. The expertise of a teacher in how to explain and adapt complex concepts to different individuals can hardly be mimicked by a computer, no matter how sophisticated its software is. As computers are becoming a common tool for teaching, teachers should be more aware of their role as guides in the acquisition of knowledge rather than transmitters of facts. They have to be open minded to the changes that are taking places, keep updated and serve as problem solvers in the learning process, thus allowing students to discover the fact for themselves. To summarize, in my personal view, teachers play and will continue to play an important role in the classroom, especially at the primary level. No matter how complex computers become, there will be no replacement for the human interaction, but in the way haw this interaction takes place.

IELTS Essay, topic: Events bringing people together

Popular events like the Football World Cup and other international sporting occasions are essential in easing international tension and releasing patriotic emotions in a safe way. Every four years, the whole world stops to watch international sporting events such as the Olympics and the Football World Cup in which athletes show their best performance to make their country proud. These sporting occasions have proved to be helpful in easing international tension in difficult times when powerful leaders were trying to control the worlds economy and other governments were fighting over the land.

The Olympic Games are one of the best examples which prove how sporting events can bring nations together, at least temporarily. From the ancient History, when Greeks and Romans would interrupt battles to participate in the games, to the more recent international disputes, when athletes from Palestine and Israel would forget their differences, compete peacefully and even embrace each other after an event. Moreover, these popular events have called the worlds attention to the terrible consequences of wars; thus some leaders have tried to reach agreements to end their disputes and live peacefully. Similarly, international sporting events show benefits in some developing countries which live in a daily internal civil war. For example, Brazil has a high rate of unemployment, lack of education, hunger, crime, poverty and corruption which leads to an immense embarrassment of being Brazilian and a low self-esteem. However, when the Football World Cup starts, the Brazilian squad, which is considered the best team in the world, provokes an amazing feeling of pride in their country. Most people seem to forget all their problems and even the criminal activity decreases. They paint roads with the national colors, wear the Brazilian team shirts and buy national flags. Moreover, the competition brings families and neighbors together and even rival gangs watch the games and celebrate peacefully. In conclusion, popular sporting events play an important role in decreasing international tensions and liberating patriotic feelings as history has shown.

IELTS Essay, topic: Rich countries should help the poor

Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas. Todays world has been divided into developing and industrialised countries which the main difference between them is the amount of money that governments apply in important sectors such as education, health and commerce. Most of the poorer nations are buried in debts as a result of their unbalanced finances which are reflect in a failed health care, an unstructured education system and a weak international trade. This vicious cycle will continue indefinitely unless wealthier nations show interest in minimizing the worldwide economic differences, as well as taking more responsibility for assisting less fortunate countries.

Most of the African countries live in sub-human conditions because of the extreme poverty, upheaval, hunger, disease, unemployment, lack of education and both inexperienced and corrupt administrations. The devastating consequences of the AIDS epidemic in those countries could improve if the infected population were to receive free drugs to control the disease, have access to health professionals and get information on how to prevent its spread. But this can only be achieved through international help programs in which leaders of the worlds richest countries donate medicine and also send doctors and nurses to treat and educate those in need. Moreover, most of the poor countries rely on selling agricultural products and raw materials to rich nations and buying industrialized products from them resulting in a huge financial deficit. Consequently, they borrow a significant amount of money from the World Bank to try to improve their broken economies, but sometimes the money disappears with no significant changes and they cannot even pay the interest to the bank. Regarding this issue, last year the G8, which is comprised of leaders of the eight richest nations, decided to forgive billions of dollars worth of debt owed by the worlds poorest nations. In addition, they developed adequate loan programs to financially assist those countries. In conclusion, leaders of the industrialised countries play an indispensable role in assisting developing nations in dealing with essential areas such as health, education and trade. Also, their aid is the key to breaking the vicious cycle, which results in poverty and death.

IELTS Essay, topic: Computers replacing teachers

As computers are being used more and more in education, there will be soon no role for teachers in the classroom. There have been immense advances in technology in most aspects of peoples lives, especially in the field of education. Nowadays, an increasing number of students rely on computers for research and to produce a perfect paper for school purposes. Others have decided to leave the original way of learning and to get knowledge through online schools. These changes in the learning process have brought a special concern regarding the possible decrease of importance of teachers in the classroom. Some people believe the role of teachers started to fade because computers have been helping some students to progress in their studies quicker compared to studies in an original classroom. For example, in the same classroom, students have different intellectual capacities, thus some would be tied to a slow advance in their studies because of others incapability of understanding. In this way, pupils could progress in their acquisition of knowledge at their own pace using computers instead of learning from teachers.

However, the presence of a teacher is essential for students because the human contact influences them in positive ways. Firstly, students realize that they are not dealing with a machine but with a human being who deserves attention and respect. They also learn the importance of studying in a group and respect for other students, which helps them improve their social skills. Moreover, teachers are required in the learning process because they acknowledge some students deficiencies and help them to solve their problems by repeating the same explanation, giving extra exercises or even suggesting a private tutor. Hence, students can have a better chance of avoiding a failure in a subject. In conclusion, the role for teachers in the learning process is still very important and it will continue to be such in the future because no machine can replace the human interaction and its consequences.

IELTS Essay, topic: Financial education

Financial education should be a mandatory component of the school program. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? It is an obvious fact that financial aspects are a major part of the daily life, as an adult and even as a young individual. Each and every one of us has to make financial decisions concerning recreation, health, education and more. The question is whether to start with financial education as part of school program or to postpone it for a later stage in life. To begin with, being able to understand the value of money, the way the economic system works and to interpret financial news and its implications is a virtue. Without this virtue, an individual, even a young one, might suffer to some extent. For an example, a child who doesnt understand the concept of money might find it more difficult to except choosing only one present out of more possible ones. In addition, many adults are lacking capability of financial analysis. Quite often, the reason can be the lack of sound foundations or insecurity when it comes to financial terms and concepts. Starting from an early age, building a strong background, can very likely prevent such situation. However, financial education necessarily involves quantifying and setting prices and value for services and goods. It can easily turn young people into cynical human beings who lack emotion. Furthermore, a tendency to self-concentration and egoism might rise when one start measuring everything from a profit-making perspective. In conclusion, financial education has both pros and cons. In my opinion, the advantages are more significant than the disadvantages, making financial education an advisable component of the school program. The disadvantages should be thought of as a certain price that young people have to pay due to the characteristics of the world that we live in.

IELTS Essay, topic: The advantages and disadvantages of globalization

Even though globalization affects the worlds economies in a very positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten. Discuss. Globalization is such a commonly used term in the twentieth century. It simply means that the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through the advances of technology, transportation and communication. It is undeniable that globalization has resulted in both positive and negative effects which must be addressed accordingly.

To begin with, globalization has contributed to the worlds economies in many beneficial ways. The advances in science and technology have allowed businesses to easily cross over territorial boundary lines. Consequently, companies tend to become more productive and competitive thereby raising the quality of goods, services and the worlds living standard.

Secondly, several companies from the more developed countries have already ventured to establish foreign operations or branches to take advantage of the low cost of labour in the poorer countries. This kind of business activity will provide more influx of cash or investment funds into the less developed countries. However, one cannot deny the negative effects which have derived from globalization. One crucial social aspect is the risk and danger of epidemic diseases which can easily be spread as the transportation becomes easier and faster in todays advanced society. This is evidenced in the recent birds flu disease which has infected most Asian countries over a short period of time. As large corporations invest or take over many offshore businesses, a modern form of colonization will also evolve which may pose certain power pressure on the local governments of the less developed countries. Unemployment rates in the more developed regions such as Europe may also escalate as corporations choose to outsource to the cheaper work force from Asian countries. In conclusion. I like to reiterate that globalization is inevitable and we must urge individuals, companies and governments to use a more balanced approach by taking the appropriate steps to deal with matters relating to the financial or economical gains verses the social, political or ecological concerns of the world.

IELTS Essay, topic: The advantages and disadvantages of globalization

Even though globalization affects the worlds economies in a very positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten. Discuss. Globalization is such a commonly used term in the twentieth century. It simply means that the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through the advances of technology, transportation and communication. It is undeniable that globalization has resulted in both positive and negative effects which must be addressed accordingly. To begin with, globalization has contributed to the worlds economies in many beneficial ways. The advances in science and technology have allowed businesses to easily cross over territorial boundary lines. Consequently, companies tend to become more productive and competitive thereby raising the quality of goods, services and the worlds living standard.

Secondly, several companies from the more developed countries have already ventured to establish foreign operations or branches to take advantage of the low cost of labour in the poorer countries. This kind of business activity will provide more influx of cash or investment funds into the less developed countries. However, one cannot deny the negative effects which have derived from globalization. One crucial social aspect is the risk and danger of epidemic diseases which can easily be spread as the transportation becomes easier and faster in todays advanced society. This is evidenced in the recent birds flu disease which has infected most Asian countries over a short period of time. As large corporations invest or take over many offshore businesses, a modern form of colonization will also evolve which may pose certain power pressure on the local governments of the less developed countries. Unemployment rates in the more developed regions such as Europe may also escalate as corporations choose to outsource to the cheaper work force from Asian countries.

In conclusion. I like to reiterate that globalization is inevitable and we must urge individuals, companies and governments to use a more balanced approach by taking the appropriate steps to deal with matters relating to the financial or economical gains verses the social, political or ecological concerns of the world.

IELTS Essay, topic: The advantages and disadvantages of globalization

Even though globalization affects the worlds economies in a very positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten. Discuss. Globalization is such a commonly used term in the twentieth century. It simply means that the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through the advances of technology, transportation and communication. It is undeniable that globalization has resulted in both positive and negative effects which must be addressed accordingly. To begin with, globalization has contributed to the worlds economies in many beneficial ways. The advances in science and technology have allowed businesses to easily cross over territorial boundary lines. Consequently, companies tend to become more productive and competitive thereby raising the quality of goods, services and the worlds living standard.

Secondly, several companies from the more developed countries have already ventured to establish foreign operations or branches to take advantage of the low cost of labour in the poorer countries. This kind of business activity will provide more influx of cash or investment funds into the less developed countries. However, one cannot deny the negative effects which have derived from globalization. One crucial social aspect is the risk and danger of epidemic diseases which can easily be spread as the transportation becomes easier and faster in todays advanced society. This is evidenced in the recent birds flu disease which has infected most Asian countries over a short period of time. As large corporations invest or take over many offshore businesses, a modern form of colonization will also evolve which may pose certain power pressure on the local governments of the less developed countries. Unemployment rates in the more developed regions such as Europe may also escalate as corporations choose to outsource to the cheaper work force from Asian countries. In conclusion. I like to reiterate that globalization is inevitable and we must urge individuals, companies and governments to use a more balanced approach by taking the appropriate steps to deal with matters relating to the financial or economical gains verses the social, political or ecological concerns of the world. Foreign language instruction should begin in kindergarten. Discuss. Write at least 250 words. According to a famous saying, The limits of my language are the limits of my world. Indeed, the ability to speak several languages is considered one of the hallmarks of a cultured person. From this perspective, foreign language instruction should begin as early as possible in order to achieve near-native fluency. The reasons behind this approach are intellectual, social and professional. Intellectually, learning a foreign language at a young age enables children to develop their brain. At this age, childrens minds are like sponges and their capacities are limitless. They have less inhibition or biases against learning different subjects. They can learn one, two or three languages without confusion; it would only serve to expand their minds. Therefore, it is ideal to start teaching a foreign language in kindergarten. Socially, learning a foreign language enables the young child to enter a wider cultural world. By learning to speak, think and understand a different language, the child develops greater crosscultural awareness. This critical ability enables the child to make friends with, identify with and empathize with others who speak the additional language. Professionally, by learning a foreign language in kindergarten, the child expands his/her future career horizons. In todays increasingly globalized world, bilingual and multilingual individuals are

in high demand. The child who achieves this fluency naturally and easily at a young age already has an edge over others in the job market. In summary, numerous benefits flow from teaching a foreign language from kindergarten. The child will most likely grow up to thank those who made such a learning experience possible.

What factors are related to academic success in high school students? Write at least 250 words. High school is a critical time in the life of young people. On the one hand, teenagers are eager to enjoy their freedom and independence. On the other hand, they must be disciplined enough to keep their priorities straight. In my opinion, three social institutions impact high school students the most at this vulnerable time the family, peer group and school. First, the family plays the central role by providing the backdrop in a young persons life. A positive family environment provides love, support and encouragement for the student to do his/her best. Simultaneously, the family aims to instill discipline and ambition in the child. The influence and expectations of family members remain paramount at this time and throughout a young person's life. Second, as a child turns into a teenager, the peer group begins to play an increasingly important role in his/her life. The friendships one develops at this highly sensitive stage can affect ones attitude to studies, authority, society and the world. In the right company, young people can get involved in positive activities that support their academic performance. With the wrong crowd, teenagers could develop a host of unhealthy and dangerous habits which impact not only their grades but all aspects of their lives. Lastly, the school itself is a deciding factor in the student's academic success. A variety of elements determine how the students feel about school: the teachers, the staff, the facilities, the subjects, the text books, the method of instruction and more. All of these have a significant impact on the young persons motivation to excel. In conclusion, high school success is the product of various influences. We are all fortunate that, aside from a few unfortunate exceptions, the majority of students worldwide aspire to do well and grow up to become active and healthy participants in the world around them.

Many people believe that women make better parents than men and that this is why they have a greater role in raising children in most societies. Others claim that men are just as good as women at parenting. Write an essay expressing your point of view. Give reasons for your answer. To what extent do you agree with this statement? You should write at least 250 words. A child is born to two parents a man and a woman. Both sexes play a crucial role in raising the child. Although fathers can make excellent parents, in my opinion, mothers are in reality better parents based on their natural intuition and compassionate tendencies. Firstly, for a wide variety of socio-cultural reasons, women tend to have more intuitive intelligence than men. It is this intuition that enables the mother to know when her child needs her. In addition, women often know how to read non-verbal signals in human behaviour, which can alert them to issues and problems in the childs life. All of these perceptive skills play a major role in making the mother a close, responsible and responsive parent. Secondly, most mothers share an inimitable bond with their children. Perhaps this bond arises during the nine months of pregnancy; perhaps it is reinforced through the act of breastfeeding. Whatever the cause, there often appears to be a lifelong silver chord or psychic connection between mother and child. As a result, the mother is able to evaluate the childs actions from the viewpoint of his/her intentions, and not just results. This empathy is priceless and cannot easily be replicated. Although fathers may form deep loving bonds with their children, they may not be able to match the depth of closeness shared by mother and child. In conclusion, although both parents are certainly capable of caring for the child, the mother often makes a better parent. Anyone who has experienced the unconditional acceptance of a mothers love can bear witness to this reality.

The rising levels of congestion and air pollution found in most of the world cities can be attributed directly to the rapidly increasing number of private cars in use. In order to

reverse this decline in the quality of life in cities, attempts must be made to encourage people to use their cars less and public transport more. Discuss possible ways to encourage the use of public transport. To what extent do you agree with this statement? You should write at least 250 words. In a world of increasing environmental awareness improved public transport represents the way of the future. Although people do enjoy the convenience and privacy of travelling in their own private vehicles, in my opinion they may choose public transport if it fulfils certain conditions. These conditions fall into three broad categories: attitudinal, financial and logistical. From an attitudinal perspective, people must first be convinced of the benefits of public transportation. An educational or public relations campaign must be launched to sensitize those who might have disregarded this possibility before. People should be familiarized with the environmental, social and personal benefits for present and future generations. This is one step. From a financial perspective, public transportation must be a clear and viable benefit to consumers. In other words, it must be more affordable than driving to work every day. For example, if people know that by using bus and subway, they can save enough money to take a free holiday each year, many more individuals would be persuaded to travel in this way. This is another critical step. From a logistical perspective, public transportation should be convenient for commuters. City planners and transport officials must ensure that frequent and reliable public transportation is available for each citizen. For people to make the habit of travelling by bus or subway, they must know that they will be able to get to various places on time. Transport vehicles must be well maintained, subway and bus drivers should be customer-oriented and service must be punctual and efficient. This is an additional important step. In conclusion, through a multi-pronged approach, it is possible to increase the use of public transportation. City officials and politicians can lead the way by utilizing these forms of transport themselves and bringing about change through personal example. Then, more citizens will follow suit and we may all hope to live in a cleaner, less polluted environment.

Universities should accept equal numbers of men and women in every subject. To what extent do you agree with this statement? You should write at least 250 words. Gender issues have been increasing in importance through the centuries. In almost every sphere of human activity, there has been a movement towards greater equality between men and women. Although I agree that universities should open their doors to all students alike, in my view, they need not set a fixed limit on the number of men and women they accept in each subject. The bases for my views are psychological and personal. Psychologically-speaking, men and women are simply different, though they have the same potential for greatness. For example, women tend to be more intuitive, sensitive to others and caring. This means they may feel drawn, on the basis of their personalities, to certain kinds of professions such as teaching, nursing, or psychology, even if all fields are open to them. In such a context, it is best for universities to choose the best applicants, regardless of gender. Personally, students need to discover their true calling. This is an individual matter and is not influenced by the universities reserving seats for men or women. For example, if the majority of women shy away from math or engineering, perhaps it has to do with their upbringing, which has influenced their interests. The universities will not be able to reverse this trend, though they should always look out for the most qualified candidates. In conclusion, equality cannot be forced upon people not in the area of education, employment or family life. Equality is about having choices and those who prove themselves capable will qualify for university, regardless of gender. It is only right that universities reflect and respect these free and natural choices being exercised by their students.

In some countries, young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words. Taking a gap year off between high school and university has become a popular option among many young people. This time off provides a break after many years of formal

study. Some students use this time to travel around the world, others volunteer and still others begin working. The idea behind each of these activities is to do something handson and refreshing, which enables young people to learn more about themselves and their place in the world around them. The benefits of taking a year off are plentiful. On a personal level, students who travel away from home develop their independence and self-confidence. On a cultural level, they learn about viewpoints, traditions and perspectives different from their own. Professionally, students get a taste of diverse workplaces, which might inspire a possible career interest. Intellectually, they examine their own beliefs and ideas in relation to those of others in a new environment. All these advantages combine to make a strong case for taking the one-year break. Nevertheless, there are also dangers involved in taking such a long break. Academically, the main drawback is that students can get sidetracked from their studies. A year is a long time and students could lose the good study habits and sense of discipline they had when they were in a formal academic structure. If they begin working, they could also be deluded into thinking that theyre maki ng a lot of money. They could lose the benefit of college or university education and the chance to earn a higher income all their lives. In conclusion, whether to take a year-long break or not is an individual decision. Each young person should consider his or her motivations carefully and decide on whats most desirable. Time is a precious resource and people of all ages, including young people, should treat it with respect.
Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair. Discuss both these views and give your opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words. The world of sports is a multimillion dollar industry. Around the globe, people flock to sporting events or watch their favourite teams faithfully each week on television. As a result, professional sports athletes receive huge salaries well above, for example, those of doctors, lawyers, teachers or social workers. There is some debate about whether such outrageously high salaries are justified. On the one hand, sport is viewed as a professional career, in which the top players should rightly earn high salaries. Athletes train rigorously from an early age to become peak performers in their field. They face tremendous pressure in each and every game, match or competition. Their personal lives are compromised and they lose all privacy. At the same time, their strong achievements bring honour and attention, not only to themselves, but also to their teams, schools, cities or countries. On the other hand, various professions contribute to making our world run smoothly. Doctors put in at least ten years of gruelling study and internship; their work saves lives. Teachers educate and inspire young people to be responsible citizens: their efforts produce the citizens of tomorrow. Social workers rescue individuals facing physical, mental and psychological challenges: their intervention creates safer societies. Yet, professionals in the fields above usually struggle to get by, despite their meaningful and critical contribution to the world. In my view, paying enormous salaries to sportspeople is unnecessary. We need to reconsider our social priorities and eliminate the great disparity in income received by diverse professionals. By doing so, we can build societies in which each one feels valued, appreciated and appropriately compensated for their own vocation or specialization.

Using a computer every day can have more negative than positive effects on children. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Essay 1 High Score Band 8-9 In today's modern world, computers are an essential part of everyday life. Around the globe, children often use computers from a very young age. Although it is important for children to participate in various well-balanced activities, in my opinion, children who use the computer daily

are actually developing a critical skill for future success. The bases for my views are personal, academic, and professional. From a personal point of view, computers are an invaluable resource to help young people explore the world around them. For example, children who use Internet to satisfy their curiosity about diverse topics are already becoming independent learners. No child with a computer is ever bored! By starting early in their lives, children feel totally at ease around computers; they are also able to take advantage of the wide range of services computers provide. From an academic viewpoint, children have no choice but to master this technological invention. For instance, when I was in university, students brought their laptops to class to take notes, do research and exchange information. They wrote assignments, created presentations and developed databases. Children who build early confidence and experience in these abilities are at a distinct advantage over those who have not. From a professional perspective, the computer has found a permanent place in the workplace. Today, employers still pay to provide computer training to their employees. Tomorrow, corporations will expect prospective job applicants to already possess these critical job skills. Consequently, parents who encourage their child to use the computer for a reasonable period of time daily are in fact investing in the child's future career. In conclusion, there is no doubt that the computer as a technological tool is here to stay. The sooner children become computer-literate, the better for many aspects of their future lives.

Describe a game or sport you enjoy playing. You should say: What kind of sport it is Who you play it with Where you play it and explain why you enjoy playing it Sample IELTS Speaking Response: I enjoy playing various kinds of brain games online. There are a number of different websites I visit on a regular basis in order to play these games by myself. The objective of the games is to exercise different areas of your brain so that you preserve and enhance your memory and also expand and develop your brain capacity. The games are of various kinds. Some enable you to practice your verbal skills. Others test logical reasoning, spatial skills and visual memory. I can keep track of my scores, so that each time I play, my goal is to do better than in the past to outdo myself, so to speak. In addition, if I want, I can compare my scores to others who play online. This aspect is intriguing, but frankly it doesn't interest me much. I dont regard this as a competition with anyone else. It is something I do simply to sharpen my mental abilities and improve myself. In fact, one of my favourite games is supposed to be the best for brain fitness. It involves solving a number of simple math problems using addition, subtraction, multiplication and division as quickly as possible. I really hope these games will enable me to preserve my intellect and my memory into old age.
YOU Describe yourself. FAMILY

WORK

Describe your family? Do you have a large or small family? How much time do you spend with your family? What do you like to do together as a family? Do you get along well with your family? Are people in your country generally close to their families? What do you do? What are your responsibilities? How many hours do you work each day? Do you enjoy your work? Is there some other kind of work you would rather do? If you could change your job or profession, what would you do? Describe the process of getting a job in your country. Describe the company or organization you work for. What is your position? What do you like about your job?

 What do you dislike about your job? EDUCATION

Describe your education. What kind of school did you go to as a child? Did you go to a co-educational school? What was your favourite subject as a child? Who was your favourite teacher? What is the education system like in your country?

Do you think your country has an effective education system? STUDIES

What are you studying now?

What is your area of specialization? HOMETOWN

What are some environmental problems faced by your hometown? WEATHER

Describe your hometown. Whats special about it? Where is your hometown located? Is it easy to travel around your hometown? What is it known for? What do people in your town do? What are the main industries in your hometown? What problems face your hometown? What languages are spoken in your hometown? What are the advantages of living in your hometown? What are some problems faced by your hometown? Compare your hometown with another city.

Whats the weather like in your country? Does the weather affect your mood? How do rainy days make you feel? Whats your favourite season of the year? What do you like to do when its hot? What do you usually do in the winter? How many seasons does your country have? Describe your home. What kind of building do you live in?

HOME

How long have you lived there? WEDDING Have you ever been to a wedding? Whose wedding was it? Where was it held? What clothes do people wear? Describe the wedding ceremony. What sort if gifts do people buy for the bridal couple? What kind of clothes did the bride and groom wear? Do you like to travel? What kind of places have you visited in your life? Which place would you really like to visit? Why?

TRAVEL

Whats the best place youve ever visited? COMPUTERS Do you think computers help society? Do you think computers are bad for health?

How do you think computers have changed the world? INTERNET Do you use the Internet much during the day? What do you usually do on the Internet? What are some advantages of the Internet? What are some disadvantages? Do people in your country use the Internet a lot? Do you do any shopping on the Internet?

EMAIL

FRIEND

Do you send and receive email regularly? Who do you usually communicate with? How often do you check your email? Do you think writing email has strengthened or weakened peoples writing skills? What are some disadvantages of email? Describe a friend. How long have you known each other? What do usually do together? What do you like the most about him / her? How often do you see each other? Describe a place you like to go. Why is this place special to you? When did you first visit this place? Where is this place located?

PLACE

What language is spoken here? Do you speak this language? SMOKING What do you feel about smoking in public places? Do you think smoking should be banned in peoples homes? MARRIAGE What is the attitude toward marriage in your country? Do most young people plan on getting married in your country? What are some of the advantages of marriage? What are some of the disadvantages? Is the divorce rate high in your country?

Do you think people should be allowed to get divorced? HOBBIES Do you have any hobbies? What are some of your hobbies? When did you first develop this hobby? What are some of the advantages of having a hobby? How much time do you spend on your hobby? Do you enjoy watching movies? Whats your favourite film? Who are your favourite actors?

FILMS

How often do you watch films? SHOPPING Do you enjoy shopping? How do you feel about shopping? Do you like shopping on the Internet? Do you have any favourite stores? What dont you like about shopping? Which is the most popular place to shop in your hometown? Do you like sports? Do you enjoy watching sports? Do you enjoy participating in any sports? Which sports are most popular in your country? Whats your favourite sport/ When did you first become interested in sports? How often do you participate in sports? What equipment do you need for your favourite sport? What are some of your favourite foods? What foods are popular in your country? What are some of the famous dishes of your country?

SPORTS

FOOD

Do you enjoy cooking? FESTIVAL Whats the most important festival in your country? How do people celebrate this festival? What special food is associated with this festival?

Do you think festivals are important for a society? TELEVISION

What special activities are associated with this festival? What do you enjoy most about this festival?

Do you watch television a lot? What do you usually watch on television? How many hours of television do you usually watch? What are the most popular shows in your country? What kind of shows do you like to watch? What are some advantages of television? What are some of the disadvantages of television? What did you last watch on television?

Why do you think certain TV shows are so popular? TOURISM Which places would you recommend to a visitor to your country? Do a lot of tourists visit your country? What do they usually do there? How has tourism changed your country? Is your country expensive for most tourists?

What are some famous landmarks in your country? DAILY ROUTINE Describe your daily routine. What do you usually do? What do you do on the weekend? What is you typical weekday like? Does your life change much from week to week?

Do you have any free time during the week? YOURE COUNTRY Which country are you from? Where is this country located? Which part of the country do most people live in? What are the main industries in your country?

Is it easy to travel around your country? CLOTHES What type of clothes do you like to wear? What kind of clothes do people in your country usually wear? How important is fashion to you? What kind of clothes do you dislike? Do you think people behave differently in different kinds of clothes? What kind of clothes do people wear to work in your country?

Are clothes expensive in your country? GOING OUT Do you like going out or staying at home? What do you like to do when you go out? How often do you go out? Do people in your country go out a lot? How and where do people in your country usually socialize? What kind of entertainment is popular in your country? Do you enjoy playing any games? What kind of games do you play? Do you think adults should play games? What do children learn from games? What kind of games did you play when you were a child? What games are popular in your country today? What kind of games were popular when you were young? Do you think mental games like chess are good for you? Do you have a favourite colour? What are your countrys colours? Do you think colours affect our moods? Can you learn anything about a person from the colours he / she likes?

GAMES

COLOURS

MUSIC

Do you like the same colours now as you did when you were a child? Do you like music? What kind of music do you like? When do you usually listen to music? What kind of music did you like when you were younger? What kind of music is popular in your country? Do you play any musical instruments? Do you wish you could play any musical instruments? Which is your favourite instrument?

IELTS Writing - Academic Task 1 Vocabulary

The following words and phrases will help you describe trends: a rise an increase a surge a growth a peak a fluctuation a variation a period of stability a plateau a a a a fall decrease decline dip

Nouns

to to to to to to Verbs

rise increase surge grow peak skyrocket

to fluctuate to vary to to to to to to fall decrease decline dip dive plunge

Phrases

to to to to to to to to to to to to to

show an upward trend show a downward trend hit the highest point hit the lowest point reach a peak show some fluctuation fluctuate wildly remain stable remain static remain unchanged stay constant reach a plateau level off

to flatten out the highest the lowest the second highest the third highest compared to compared with relative to

Adverbs

sharply suddenly rapidly abruptly dramatically significantly steadily considerably markedly slightly gently gradually wildly

Adjectives

sharp sudden rapid abrupt dramatic steep significant steady considerable marked slight gentle gradual

SAMPLE SENTENCES

There was a substantial increase in the value of stocks on March 15th. House prices rose dramatically in July. The number of tourists visiting New York fell sharply in October. The percentage of students walking to school continued to rise gradually over the ten year period from 2000-2010. There was a sharp increase in employee turnover after the strike. Interest in environmental issues has risen steadily over the last 10 years. Percent the word percent comes after a number Examples: More than 25% of the students are from Brazil. More than 25 percent of the students come from Brazil. Percentage - The word percentage comes after words like the, a, this and that. Often, it is preceded by an adjective. Examples: A small percentage of residents have lived in the building for more than 20 years. The percentage of students who live on campus has fallen sharply since the fire. For numbers up to ten, write the numbers in words. For numbers over 10, you can write the numbers in numbers. Examples: Five percent of the employees were late this month. More than 50 percent of the students handed in their assignments late after the long weekend. If the sentence starts with a number, always write it in words. Examples: Wrong: 25 students were from China. Right: Twenty-five students were from China.

MORE USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES

1.

2.

3.

4.

GRAMMAR
Take note of the following prepositions which you will need to describe dates, numbers and comparisons: Dates In December,

In From By Between 1965-1969 Numbers Increase Decreased Fell from 200 in July to 150 in August Comparison Compared Compared Relative to

2005, 2001-2010, 1998, of by 25% 10% to with

IELTS Writing IELTS Essays Writing Samples for 9 Bands July 1, 2011 by Nitin Bhradwaj 28 Comments This section covers the IELTS Essays Writing Samples and shows how to create a rough draft before writing the essay in IELTS Writing Tests. Essay Writing Rough Draft to make before you start Writing (Takes no more than 2 minutes and makes your ideas clear) Writing Topic 1: Do you think that Private Institutions Should be Banned? Discuss your options in 250 words. Quick notes

I am not in agreement with this statement Reasons why not in agreement

Equality issues Education quality issues

Possibilities if banned

Inexpensive as compared to private institution if banned Multicultural environments increment if banned

Disabled Children issues Conclusion

OK so by looking the Quick notes (rough draft), you can write an essay in a logical way and the writing will flow smoothly. Sample IELTS Essay 1 below uses the Quick note that I made above. -

Essay Writing Sample Essay 1 Do you think that Private Institutions Should be Banned? Discuss your options in 250 words. Apropos of this statement, I am in consummate discord with it. Private institutions should not be banned. Because it will mean, abating the choices made by parents for the future of their children. They may not get best education and quality of studies in Government institution. Hence, life for bright students may be downsized. Furthermore, consequences could be devastating for the future of individual and perhaps for the whole nation. On the other hand, there will be huge positive impact on the way our Government Schools work if the private institutions are banned. Once government institutions realize their problems and shortcomings, quality of teaching and code of practice will improve. As the code for conduct improve in the Government institutions, their way of teaching will be more pragmatic. Also there will definitely be profits from schools which will go in Government Treasury once the private institutes are banned; hence the school conditions will improve. These schools will then retrospect the multi-religious culture and will teach students to be respectful towards other religions. Parents will definitely benefit from this decision by paying less tuition fees in Government institutions as compared to private institutions. Furthermore, there will be sense of equality between students and there will be exhibit of nor rich or poor in schools. Absence of private schools may become a source of anguish in middle and high income people. It may be misunderstood as a loss in freedom of choice as Government has taken the right of choice form parents for their children education. Some of the children who need special education or attention need private education. For instance, people with disabilities will be cared more in private institutions for their needs as compared with Government Institutions. Similarly, blind or deaf students also need special attention and care which in my option is impossible to provide in Government institutions. In nutshell, I would like to assert the importance of private institutes in our community. Private institutions cater needs for all type of students. They always change their teaching styles and skills in accord to the demand of students, providing them with high stands of education. So I strongly feel that private education should not be banned. Essay Writing Sample Essay 2 As our nations are becoming stronger and more powerful economically, the quality of life seems to be improved. However, that is not actually true. We may think that we are healthy individuals and our off springs will be same, unfortunately that is just a mirage. As we look around us we find the poisons which will be polluting our generations to come. For instance alcohol and drugs are affecting our wellbeing. In accord to the statistics the percentage of smokers has risen to almost 17% in five years and that is a major cause of concern. And it is not unusual to understand that majority of lung and heart diseases are consequences of smoking. In addition to that, people who do not smoke actually are also smoking it is called as Passive Smoking. Recently Australia has implemented some regulations for smokers which is a relief to non -smokers. Choice of smoking is made freely and with cognition of a smoker. However, since smoker is commensurately addicted to smoking, providing warning on the cigarette pack is not enough. Furthermore, Government should impose high taxes on cigarettes, so that smoking addiction could be controlled in youngsters. But it is also a fact that most of the Governments revenue comes from cigarettes and alcohol. If smoking is controlled then it is questionable, what will be happening to the strong economy of that country? I believe there must be equilibrium for this crisis. Smokers can be considered as the high risk people because of vulnerability of disease. Majority of people are smokers with complications in lungs and heart. So it should be kept in mind that these people will be expected to pay more for their treatment. But there is actually a fine line between smokers and non-smokers. For instance, non smokers may have to pay enormous amount of money for medical treatment, if the disease is serious.

I am in partial accord with this statement. It is a possibility that smokers may have high medical treatment bills, but it doesnt necessary means non smokers bound to have less complications and hence less medical expenses. The scenario depends upon person to person and it may even vary from one nation to another. Essay Writing Sample Essay 3 I am not in consummate accord with the statement. Smoking is bad for health. But it is only on case to case basis. Some of the people have been observed immune to the bad effects of smoking. In accord to one research, some people can sustain the bad effects of smoking and can live longer. However, some people can not sustain the bad effects of smoking and therefore, the results can be devastating. People who could be severely effected by smoking are more prone to heart and lung diseases. Paying for the medical treatment should not be biased. Because it doesnt matter if the person is smoker or non -smoker, the problem in non-smoker could be similar to a smoker. For example, a non-smoker could be passive smoker. Also, even though the chances of getting heart and lung diseases in smokers are high, it doesnt mean that a non -smoker can not have the similar disease. Reasons may vary from high cholesterol level to lungs infection in non-smokers. Research has showed that a non-smoker could also exhibit the same complications as a smoker reason being non-smoker could be inhaling the smoke fumes from smokers. In conclusion, I would like to state that even though, majority of smokers are having complications because of smoking but it does not necessarily mean that the non-smokers cannot have the same problems. On this basis, I would assert that the medical treatment should not be biased; it should be fair to anyone who needs it. If the medical treatment is not fair, it could lead to more casualties in smokers. As a consequence, it will leave a bad taste in our community and then the riots will be inevitable. Essay Writing Sample Essay 4 I am in consummate accord with this statement. Apropos of the statement, I strongly believe that medical professionals and engineers must be paid more as compared to film actors. By pragmatic cognizance, one can understand that doctors and engineers are buttress of our society and economy. Doctors and nurses are individuals who not only work for a living, but also contribute to our society. They are the people who can be regarded as hands of God. Reason being them save our lives, hence make this planet better for living. If one really wants to understand what it means to be a doctor, ask them, they will tell that you must have a heart of a lion and hands of a weaver in order to be a doctor. It is so true. Doctors and nurses improve our quality of lives. They contribute t o the community in ways different to any other professions. Similarly, teachers are also building blocks of our society. They educate us in order to make us successful in our professional and personal lives. Mentors make us realize our true potential and our responsibilities as an individual. Personally speaking, they are the messengers of angels who teach us how our life should be. They give us sense of direction in life. They show us the way to success. Doctors, teachers and nurses are undoubtedly the pillar of any nation. Therefore, it becomes imperative to understand that they must be paid well in order to help build our community not just for themselves but for the whole society. Doctors and nurses should be paid according to their rank and their department. Higher the precision required, higher should be the pay. Similarly, teachers should be paid according to their rank and qualifications. And one most important thing is to increment their salary every year to keep them motivated.

On the contrary to these professions, actors should not be paid huge amounts for their acting. Main reason being apart of showing their sexuality, emotions and their violent nature, they exhibit wrong ideas in our society. I feel they have a limited contribution to our community as compared to any other profession. In a nutshell, I would like to assert that doctors, teachers and nurses should be paid well as compared to actors. The main reason is because doctors, teachers and nurses contribute to our society constructively. On the other hand, film industries actually contribute destructively in our community. Essay Writing Sample Essay 5 I am in consummate accord with this statement. There is too much attention on keeping a pet even though people throughout the world are starving. However, one cannot negate the benefits of keeping pets. Pets are known to being harmony in families and lives of people. Pets are source of happiness and recreation for people of all ages. Pets especially dogs may keep a person fit, as it is important to take dogs for a walk. As we walk with dogs we help ourselves to be fit. So, pets could be one reason to become fit. Guide dogs are helpful to our community. Everyone knows the significance of these specially trained dogs in lives of blind people. Guide dogs act as eyes through which they see. Dogs are also known to save lives, in some cases. At night dogs act like guards on patrol, saving our houses from burglars. Although there are benefits to keep pets, but they could also be source of diseases. Viruses are known to be present in animals and birds. By their droppings, these viruses can travel places, infecting people which could lead to deaths in worst case scenario. Some pets, like cats and parrots can be aggressive and impulsive and it can result in instant attacks in people and can show way to the hospital. Loss of a pet can be devastating to family members especially children. Pets have tendency to blend as a family member, so loss of who can create the same effect as a loss of a family member. As a consequence, it can lead to depression in young children. Having a pet could also mean that lots of money will be spent on them. It is up to a person weather to keep a pet or negate the idea of having one. Once it is decided to get a pet, foremost things to do is to manage finances well in advance. In the end, I would like to say that it actually depends upon a person either to adopt a pet or give up the idea of having one. Personally speaking, I would like to have a dog in future, as I like myself to keep fit and I think it will enhance my lifestyle. Essay Writing Sample Essay 6 Computers, televisions, internet, these are the must have assets in our contemporary world. It seems that world without media sources would come to halt instantaneously. However, if this is the case I imagine how our ancestors would have survived all those years without these information sources? Computers nowadays are the major buttress in any market, be it in financial sector, like offices or businesses or stocks. It has definitely changed the world we live in. With invent of this magnificent device, people have realized the benefits of technology, which is to make lives easier and comfortable, in this technological era. Even if you ask a 3 year old child how to operate a computer, answer will definitely be positive. Generally speaking, computers are helping our communities in numerous ways. People have become more aware of technology, resulting in increased cognizance. Computers are assisting us in factories where operations are completely autonomous. In offices, computers help us to manage our data and information. Thus, computers have actually changed our world.

Having said that, in accord to some researches done in America, there have been reports that using computers are harmful to our wellbeing. According to annals published back in 2006, working on computers for long hours continuously, can lead to stress and depression. In addition to that, people tend to gain weight as they work on computers all day long. Further more, working on computers for more than four hours can lead to decrease in eyesight. But this is not all, by invent of internet; minors have easy excess to explicit materials online. In addition to that, Email frauds are all time high. In my option, every technology has some benefits and some drawbacks, just like the medical pills have side effects. The power is ours because choice is ours, it depends upon us which side to choose from, constructive side of technology or the destructive side. Essay Writing Sample Essay 7 All people glorify and enthusiastically talk about human virtues and morality yet few people actually live up to them. What is your opinion? Do you agree or disagree? Apropos to the above parable about conversation and following human virtues and ethics I would like to quote a proverb Early to bed , early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise which people say but dont follow. Do they really represent what we called human nature, undoubtedly they are? The answer is disparaging, depreciating and moribund in true sense/pragmatic way. These garrulous, so called high profiled people, lack principles themselves. They can be considered as the quintessence of incorrigible liars .The examples of these people can be found everywhere, take for instance, out esteemed politicians , they know how to convince people at the time of voting, but after elections where are those promises, moralities and merits. Their talk is really egregious but do they really apply all to themselves. Another example can be had of those people who talk about banning fashion shows as its is not up to intrinsic worth, but in reality they are the one who watch these with full spread, question arises where is the morality then, only in words? Exceptions are always there, no qualms in it but exceptions are rare. Stats indicate the out of 100 people approx 85 are not following what they are saying to others. So where is morality, only in lectures? This tradition simply indicates that we are camouflaging our weaknesses over our sins. In the nutshell, we can say that if forgiveness is divine why people are giving capital punishment to others? People talk about human merits and principles but still they dont practice what they preach, isnt it disgusting. They live on the rules that, rules are for others not for themselves. In my opinion these people are disgrace/stigma to society. Essay Writing Sample Essay 8 Should foreign languages be encouraged from kindergarten? Nothing concrete can be had without aspiration, inspiration, and perspiration. Language is a mode of communication by which we can express our ideas, emotions etc. on a piece of paper or otherwise. Apart from the native languages taught in school and allied institutions I strongly feel that the foreign languages should be encouraged from the kindergarten itself. To illustrate my above mentioned viewpoint, I would like to quote some examples. As we often know that childrens are the backbone for any developing nation. So if they are strong the nation will progress. If they know foreign languages they wont face any difficulty when ever they go abroad, and hence will understand their culture and technology well. Secondly, we often talk about global village of world, which is we consider the world as a global village bonded by one single theme, love, so encouraging foreign languages from the kindergarten itself will promote this theme as the students/professionals wont have any misconception regarding other language.

To support my viewpoint further, I would like to add that promoting foreign languages from the beginning will help student learn new things, they will develop themselves into well defined professionals and citizens. Even society will acknowledge them as urbane elites. This will bring an ingenious attitude in them. They wont be feeling guilty if they come to face such a situation called language barrier. Moreover this boosting of foreign language at the kindergarten stage will generate a feeling of oneness and may simulate foreign currency growth. In the nutshell I can say that language (written ,oral or symbolic) is the sole way to express yourself so encouraging foreign language will not bring additional burden to children or kindergartens but this will really help in proliferating their carrier and undoubtedly strengthen a nations stronghold apart from generating feelin g of oneness. Essay Writing Sample Essay 9 Smoking in public places should be banned, what is your viewpoint, do you agree or disagree. Ban on smoking in places is not only justified but also imperative. Many countries are realizing the dangers of passive smoking and are coming up with measures to curb the problems popping up with the passive smoking. Medical science has fully supported the dangers of potential passive smoking. To illustrate my point I will like to cite the fact that most of the people die due to cigarette smoking which contains nicotine. Inveterate smokers pack up themselves with lung and oral cancer rather than from natural causes. Government is squandering astronomical sums for the treatment of pulmonary cancers and educating the populace from the dangers of smoking .The imposition of high taxes on nicotine based products has already been done to restrain this habit. The debatable point is that to what extent these steps have been succeeded to dissuade the smokers. Cigarette smoking not only pollutes the air but also make non-smokers inhale the stale smoke imperilling their health too. Ingrained smokers are not destroying their own health but also of others. The main critical issue in this respect is that is anyone (child or adult) safe from passive smoking. The doom of asthmatics, pregnant women can we well imagined too. Some smokers argue that banning smoking in public places is direct impingement of their human rights but this line is futile because right to smoking is not absolute, but right to life is. Many persons unintentionally take up smoking by watching others; thereby unleash the smoke in public places. This is what they call fashion. Thus it is imperative to impose appropriate laws as it will not only prevent non-smokers from falling victim to the dangers of passive smoking, but also directly benefit the diehard smokers who would then have no choice but to curtail their smoking habit. Essay Writing Sample Essay 10 Societies that dont respect and honour their women can never make progress. To what extent do you agree or disagree on this statement. Behind every successful man there is a woman. In fact this statement can be generalized for a state, country or a nation also that a country can never make progress if it didnt respect their women counterparts. The prologue of this statement can be attributed to simple questions: how will you distinguish between a civilized and uncivilized person or in fact a developed or an underdeveloped nation? Can one answer this question this by saying or referring to his economic status or his rank. Well, unfortunately it is no. The answer reclines in the reverence of their better halves. The society which commits atrocities on their weaker members is not only uncivilized but also underdeveloped as referred to developed and civilized.

The brutalities done on women by men are not their sign of strength by they are construed as the sign of their weakness which they are camouflaging. Is the valour of men lies in committing crimes on the weak hapless women? The question is still debatable. So why cant the societies who dont respect the women progress, because the intelligence and wisdom of women is unique in every respect. By not acknowledging the efforts of women and depriving them of their rights means improper motherhood for future generations which hence weakens the society. Margaret Thatcher, Mother Teresa, Florence Nightingale, Indira Gandhi, etc. these names dont need any words to prove themselves, they were the torch bearers and had enlightene d the lives of many. They represent the sublime face of self-service and sacrifice. To conclude, I would like to say that women are the best gift ever gifted to man by the God. Dishonouring and demonizing the women folks will not only invite the wrath of God, but also disfigure him too. It is the women who give birth to man, so how can he think of disrespecting the same and progress simultaneously. Essay Writing Sample Essay 11 Today in this modern contemporary world, people are striving hard to earn their living and to have two square meals a day. In this so called high profiled technological growth, people are suffering from many problems and diseases. As the growth is proliferating so is the problem of maligning image. Today the juveniles are suffering from what is called eve-teasing. Eve teasing is scaling rapidly now-a-days. As per the dictionary meaning of eve-teasing it means commenting on someone in order to make fun, or abashing him or her. This problem has elevated now as compared to past. Question arises what is the main cause of eve- teasing? Is it that we want to show that we are superior to others? Or we just want to make fun of others. Well what ever may be the reasons; this is really a bad aspect of human life that we are treating others as inhumane. The problem of eve teasing may be attributed to the bad education scenario, because it is what the education makes the human as humane. Todays education scenario is such like we have some hesitation in talking to people of other gender. We are not taught how to behave with the members of other gender. Another main factor which is contributing towards growing this menace is the fashion of today. Today fashion is such that we are in volubly compelled toward teasing. Last, but not least, as far as I am concerned I think is the cinema which is responsible for some part of eve teasing. Movies are not what they used to be, they are hampering the minds of people, affecting their mentality and growth. People are becoming stoical, not convivial. They are not of placating nature now. In the nutshell we can say that eve teasing is a becoming a serious problem now as population or penury. People who undergo eve teasing may end up their life due to abashment. Government should behave like a martinet and should imprison or impose monetary implications on those who are responsible because everyone in this world has the right to live without trepidations and tensions. Essay Writing Sample Essay 12 The human mind tries to find complex solutions to the simple problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree Apropos to the above statement, I consider this as human nature. We are connotation westernization to such extent that we feel shame if we look simple, this may be attributed to what is called fashion. Why we have tied ourselves into so many kinks? Arent we have increased the complexities ourselves? In the retrospect it was not so. People were simple and their lifestyle matching to them so the problems were simple. The mind thought accordingly. Insight of this statement reveals the fact that we are addicted to make mountain out of mole. The human nature is so

complex that it makes complex solutions even to fairly easy problems. Even if there are no problems the mind tries to generate one and then visualizes it making it complex. An old saying that empty vessels make much noise is quite in this situation. To exemplify I would like to give some examples. Suppose your food is not tasty, then mind will think why it is not tasty and then it starts pondering over it making it complex problem. Another instance can be had of overweight, overweight no doubt is problem, but still mind make it more complex and you switch to weight loss, dieting techniques and taking pills instead of simple exercising. Furthermore going on the same track, I would like to add the examples of looks which are supermall but for looks people are going to cosmetic or plastic surgeons for getting their face lifted and for removing wrinkles. Question arises why they or (human mind in particular) dont understand the simple problem of ageing which is universal. Isnt it the complex solution to a fairly simple problem? Other examples may include weathering, insomnia etc which are natural phenomenon but mind tries to find complex solutions to even these natural and simple phenomenons and problems In the nutshell, I can say that if you want to get rid of all the problems, count youre blessing not your sins daily.

IELTS 9 Band Essays (Writing Tasks 2)

32 IELTS ESSAYS (9 Band Standard) 1. You

should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Children are facing more pressures nowadays from academic, social and commercial perspectives. What are the causes of these pressures and what measures should be taken to reduce these pressures?

Model Answer: It is commonly said that todays children are pressurized as were yesterdays adults. Thats true in the sense that children are facing harder and harder academic, social and commercial challenges. It is happening simply because of the ever increasing demands of life, from the same perspectives, on humans in general. While it is important that children excel in their age to become successful as adults, they must be shielded from the mounting pressure by maintaining a balance between material and psychological growth. As the global village becomes more and more competitive everyday, it becomes important for us to prepare for the fight, so to speak, earlier and earlier. This is realized by all, which triggers societies to push their juveniles during their learning stage. The other thing that is contributing to this ever rising pressure on children is the lack institutional opportunities, especially in developing countries. Now, more than ever, children have to race each other for reaching the privilege of higher education.

While healthy competition is helpful for the psycho-social development of young ones, it is rather unhealthy when the race becomes more prominent than the objective. Of course the objective of children competing against each other ideally is brining the best out of themselves. But, very frequently, a child is compelled to compete for becoming better than the other. In other words, the competition becomes a brawl rather than being a sprint. To stop such spiteful struggle among our young, we must first establish a sense of camaraderie within all our developmental institutions, such as schools and colleges. Students must contest for academic betterment, not social supremacy. Also, parents should get proactively involved in promoting sportsmanship among learners. They must not allow vile aggressiveness and their own vengefulness in the lives of their children. To sustain such social reformation the government must establish ample alternatives to the traditional route to success. The conclusion here is simple. The children today are being put into a survival-of-thefittest situation much earlier than they must be when they should really be trying to do their best. Such untimely loss of innocence is only going to make civilization more antagonistic. Therefore we must ensure that personal development may be ushered in harmony and not in vile rivalry.

2. You

should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Mothers play key roles in the upbringing of children. But in the recent times both parents are getting busy with professional life. Who in your opinion should take the responsibility of child care now?" Give your opinion in no less than 250 words.

Model Answer:

Theres no denying how important a role the mother plays in the upbringing of her children. But torn by modern economics, mothers are leaving home for professional practice, rising the question who now takes care of the children? In my belief, though, all efforts to replace the proverbial mother are destined to be futile. Observing Nature, scientifically or other wise, tells us that being a mother, if it were a social role, is ideally possible by the child bearing female and others may only be nurses or patrons. The physiological and psychological exclusiveness of the mother means all the other social entities and all the greatness of science and civilization can only supplement, and never replace, her part in the upbringing of children. Any one else trying to don her role is simply unnatural. But of course there is opinion in the contrary also. Modern science flaunts its age old practice of replicating nature and natural processes. Now more than ever humans and their society are evolving frequently against the tide of Nature, and civilization sustains this evolution. Such evolution has also affected the socio-economic distinction of men and women. Now in the industry women are producing as much as men do. So women are better off in the house is no longer true. While such human evolution is true and should morally be supported, going against Mother Nature, when were clearly not in a position to, is immoral. Science has not yet found a biological and psycho-social alternative for the natural mother. And while gender equality is great, it never means fusion of the two poles of our species. I dont believe science never has strived to eliminate sex because it is simply impracticable. So men and women, as uniformly productive as they recently are, dont have to utilize their worth in the same end of civilization. If one person, or sex, is naturally gifted to play a special and vital role in the society, it is her duty to thrive in it. I therefore conclude that in a childs life its mother is irreplaceable, and, hence, it is she who should rear her child.

3.You

should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "By investing in tourism we can earn a lot of revenue and growth in national economy. At the same time it destroys the local culture. What is your opinion?" Give your opinion in no less than 250 words. Model Answer: Tourism is one of the biggest industries worldwide. It has grown, especially over the last few decades, by leaps and bounds. This is happening because the global citizen now takes even the slightest of chances to visit uncharted territory. So, all the countries are eager to invest more and more in tourism. It has its rich rewards, but there are drawbacks too. At the forefront of all demerits of tourism is the impact on local culture. Still, in my opinion, such demerits cannot outweigh the benefits of the tourism industry.

In the modern age the culture of one country or society is open for all to observe and take part in. When in coming tourists get in touch of a local culture they do not necessarily destroy it. It is understandable that they leave a bit of their own cultural identity in the place they have visited. But that is not destruction rather a healthy demonstration of cultural mixing that is happening incessantly all over the world in other ways too, e.g. international media. On the other hand, if we miss out on the far reaching benefits of the tourism industry being foolishly bogged down by the illusionary ghouls of cultural destruction, we are only loosing. In reality tourism does not taint a local culture, rather it fortifies it. Tourist visiting places do not only sight-see but want to experience the diverse heritage and customs also. So, since destroying or transforming the local culture only makes a locality less attractive to spectators, tourism provides ample motivation to preserve our cultural identity. To conclude, we must declare tourism as a boon that encourages the peoples of the world to be themselves, not like the others, while rewarding those who have valued and glorified their culture in terms of much needed revenue.

4.You

should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "In light of the current socio-economic situation of the world, do you think this the right time for wild life preservation? If yes, what are the ways and means you suggest for this?" Give your opinion in no less than 250 words. Model Answer:

The present day is the age of contradictions of opinions, inventions, and actions. As if to exemplify, the civilized man pampers the wilderness while devouring it. But this paradox is practically inevitable since we exploit the wild for sustenance and, hence, we must sustain it for our continued future. So, regardless of economics or societal factors, wild life must be preserved at any and all times. We must conserve, and cohabit with, the wild which, in fact, will preserve it in the long run. It is true that for us to survive we must exploit the environment and all life in it. So preservationist campaigns that suggest leaving the wilderness alone or becoming a part of it has not been so popular and viable. A wiser approach is conservation, using the God sent resources sparingly like fiscal savings. Being wasteful, in any facet of life, is reproachable, and same goes for wild life. If we exploit nature only so economically that we obtain our nourishment while keeping her so sound that she continues bearing fruit, we will be best off, as not only us, but also generations to come will have sustained this way. Being wasteful and destructive will only usurp the natural resources catastrophically faster which may cause the untimely demise of all humans. Also, if we keep the spirit of harmony and learn to cohabit with wild life, all may live. This planet is in fact big enough for sustaining all life. So, being destructive to that which does not fight back is foolish, especially when the non-aggressor is our sole source. To conclude, here, we should never be scrutinizing whether it is the right time for preserving wild life because any time is a good time, and, practically, the only time, for guaranteeing that nature sustains so that she withholds us and others with nurturing care.

5.You

should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Advertisements of toys and fast foods are obstacles to childrens physical and mental development, and, at the same time, cause loss of time and money of parents." Give your opinion in no less than 250 words.

Model Answer:

Todays TV is full of commercials both for adults and children. These adverts are supposed to attract peoples attention toward the target product. Its certain that they work, but, perhaps, they work a little too much on the younger viewers. I believe toy and fast food adverts profusely affect the overall development of young ones, and, also, harm parents in many ways. It is known that children are not matured enough to always distinguish fiction from reality, especially when the imaginary images are so colourful and vividly projected like it is done in todays media. It has been noticed and identified that fast food adverts are making todays children more and more inclined to adopting low-nutritional value snacks as main food items. As result, their health has been deteriorating over all. Toy commercials, on the other hand, affect the children on a more subtle ground. While it is acceptable that young ones play with toys for intellectual development and for indulging into the colourful world of imagination, it is undeniable that the over-blown adverts tend to fuse reality and fiction. As a result, in the real world, when actual challenges of society and academia are to be dealt with, children may lack rational responsibility. This is of course solely the effect of toy commercials. Also, it must not be forgotten that deserting the play ground for the playpen will and does have dire consequences on the children physiological growth. With children not being parallel to the established line of development, parents have to pay for their disarraying. Because of the negative effect of toy and fast food advertisements, parents lose substantial amounts of money simply buying objects and food items of no concrete or nutritional value. Less obviously, because of being lesser healthy, children these days have higher possibility of falling ill, which is a matter of massive expenses, of money, time and serenity. To conclude, it must be said that while commercials of toys and fast foods cannot be stopped, they must be properly graded for ensuring harmlessness to our children and their parents.

6.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Adult youths are often called up for working for the development of communities. Do you think they should work voluntarily or should they get paid? Give your opinion in no less than 250 words." Model Answer: The development of communities requires the vibrant energy of young blood. There are many volunteer programs, in most communities, where the young utilize their vigour for the good of men. But, to ascertain the involvement of the young adult in community development, I believe monetary incentives should be there. It is true that one should not wait for material advantages before trying to contribute to his society. The drive for helping others should be an integral part of ones moral integrity. But too often the modern man is compelled to shun that which is moral and embrace what is beneficial materially, directly, and to himself. Aside from the weakness of character shown in such cases, by man, often his morality succumbs to the rising need for sustaining oneself independently. Ages ago the youth was spared from such desperation, by the cooperative social structure of then. But now, every adult is out on his own. So, to neutralize the economic pressure blocking the adult young from participating in community development, the people should arrange for them monetary incentives. That way they can sustain themselves and the community at the same time. A more practical perspective may tell us that todays age is really not so much compatible with volunteering. In many developed countries, even the police force is run profitably. And CSR of profit motivated enterprises has started replacing non-profit philanthropy. So to expect adults, young or not, to volunteer for community development is only cacophony amidst the modern melody of social building and maintenance. In the end, though, a conclusion to this argument

relies on circumstantial judgement, and balancing of individual and social interests. While money will motivate a permanent source of energy for developing communities, youths should not wait for a cost benefit analysis before saving a community in dire straits.

7.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Due to so many young people dropping out from school, rate of unemployment is going up and it affects our society in different ways. In your opinion, how can this situation be improved?" Model Answer: It has long been noticed worldwide that young people, at the age of being in academic schooling, often drop out, sometimes to get involved in wage earning, other times for reasons not so fruitful. The blame is not of the context here. But the effect, which is relevant to this discussion, is most often perilous to society. Such a situation should, and can, be improved by training, employing and re-schooling those disarrayed young. Firstly, Government should take steps to train the out of school juveniles in skills that can easily be utilized in industrial or farming environment. That way the drop-outs will contribute to their own and countrys development and not become menaces to their society. Secondly, public and private enterprises should take concerted measures to embed the unschooled youths in the national, even international, workforce. Everybody, regardless of his or her academic rapport, must be good for something, ranging from clerical desk jobs to technical handy work. But, most importantly, in my opinion, the droppedout juveniles must be given opportunities to get back on track. This may include free to access entrance exams in to different levels of institutional education. In the United States, the GED examinations offer high school drop-outs, beyond the age of 17, entrance in to university, basing on their aptitude scores in the GED, disregarding their otherwise track record. Even prison inmates there get this opportunity. A young person dropping out of school is a big enough tragedy in itself, considering the untimely loss of a

potential scholar. But this tragedy turns in to being the horror of all lest steps are not taken to rehabilitate this youth. We may, therefore, conclude here that the only way of improving the situation created by high school drop outs is practical rehabilitation by industry and sympathetic consideration by institutions.

8.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Should Government be responsible for providing pure drinking water to all or should the people obtain their own water?" Model Answer: Water is life. Purity of it may sustain and impurity may perish all. In that all consuming concept, it is necessary, and, it is commonly said that all necessities should be provided by the government. While such popular opinion is ideally justifiable, I believe that, with the exception of those of desert and disaster areas, governments should not be burdened with the duty of providing drinking water, as it can very easily be done by individuals in most areas. Speaking generally, modern society has progressed far enough not to consider thirst as a threat. We get bottled water delivered to our doors in many places. And tap water is clean enough to just boil at home and drink. Small servings of drinking water are also cheaply bought at convenience stores almost anywhere. In terms of Bangladesh, for example, water is one of the cheapest of all home utilities. So, now, water is no problem! There are of course those areas where all provisions for sustenance are scarce, may be due to war or other disasters, natural or not. Those cases must be held as exceptions, which they really are, and call for government sponsored supply of all general means for living, e.g. food, shelter, education, clothing, pure drinking water, even portable air conditioners, like often are supplied in USA and some wealthy middle eastern countries. So as said, there are exceptionalities, and they should not be used to argue against rationale, that is, distributing drinking water

in times of peace is too trivial a matter for the government, or a bureau of it, to be occupied with. We can, therefore, conclude that drinking water, in the contemporary perspective, is available enough to be left as responsibility on the shoulder of the governed, not the government, except the situations that go beyond all generalities.

9.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Some people think that hard work and determination are the keys to success in life. Some, on the other hand, think that there are other factors behind a successful life. Give your opinion." Model Answer: To succeed in life the need for hard work and determination is undeniable. Of course the definition of success there is substantial improvement of ones professional, financial, intellectual, or spiritual status. Often it appears that there had been other catalysts for success, like opportunity and guidance. But my belief is that, with enough perseverance and diligence all variables in the way of becoming successful may be neutralized. A person, in education, career or soul searching, faces many hurdles, some barely discomforting and others disarming. That is surely beyond argument. Hence there should not be disagreements in saying, hurdles are called such because they require us to put in more effort than usual. The greater the hurdle is, the more effort we must put in. Drawing from this, success and the hard work determination factor are positively related to each other. It is as irrefutable as mathematics. A contradictory point of view may project that the formulaic relationship between hard work determination and achievement may be engineered by the opportunity and/or guidance one might get. That is reasonably agreeable. But such secondary factors can never become the primary. For example, it is commonly said that George W. Bush, the Senior, has been far more prolific, than his son is, in his military, bureaucratic, and political career, while it is evident that he had to diligently work his way up the ladder,

from being a soldier to the fabled US White House. Mr. Bush Junior, on the other hand, had most of his way to the oval office already paved by the grace of his patron. Then it may be said that Bush Sr. worked harder than Bush Jr. did, and we all are spectators of their discriminated rapport, as humans and as leaders. Therefore, I conclude here that, though some secondary factors sometimes may influence the dynamics of success, achievement of it solely depends on hard work and determination.

10.You should spend about 40 minutes on this

task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Countries become more developed due to mix of different people and their culture. Do you agree or disagree?" Model Answer: In this era of globalization, few countries are left from extensive mixing of people and their cultures. Countries are becoming mere political regions and nations, reminder of bygone traditions. I believe this is happening clearly for the better. The most beneficial contribution of population mixing is perhaps the complimenting of peoples, which encounter and fuse with each other, for mutual development. When people cross borders, they carry their ideas, knowledge and skills and let them blend with those of others. The compound is ideally beneficial because people generally take up and sustain what is good for them. For this blending of knowledge and ideas, todays world is much more convenient and harmonious than it was less than a century ago. Enhancement of society, which is done easiest through blending of people, also has to be stated. A country may be conservative and grow financially, but today development is a socio-economic affair. This means that societies and countries do not develop merely by increasing monetary wealth but must also grow through the improvement of their people, which is done through curing people by people. Detractors of such opinion say that were losing our

cultural and national identities as more and more exotic ideas, values and customs are being domesticated. This perhaps does have a factual base since blending of cultures definitely modifies customs. But such modification can hardly be called loss. Identities are made of long time traditions, which were grown somewhere back in time, so the loss that some may blame population mixing for may not be a loss at all, but possibly be the process of taking up newer identities or augmenting the already cherished ones. It is foolish, therefore, to be critical of mixing of people and culture, at least in this way. Hence, I conclude that mixing of people and their cultures, despite its critics and occasional blemishes, is taking the whole world to a better place.

11.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "It is noticeable that fast food consumption has increased substantially during the last 10 years. Discuss its impact on environment and health." Model Answer: Fast food has grown in the last decade thick and fast. A good part of moms kitchen has already succumbed to it. But this is taken sportingly as the fast food revolution has both advantages and disadvantages effective on personal and environmental health as do all other changes brought by industrialization and, more recently, globalization. As said before, fast food is growing thick and fast. It has been embraced by people all around the world fast, but it is thick in grease and artificial additives which already have been proven to have occasionally terminal effects. Fast food is a profit earning consumer product produced by the impersonal professionalism of the industry and not the personal favour of mothers or other traditionally familial culinary experts. This means fast food concerns itself primarily on how it will bring in more kudos, frequently bartering health and safety in exchange of financial prospects. There are environmentally harmful implications also resulting from the mass production of fowl and cattle, which are the staple

items in most fast foods. On the other hand, fast food has helped lubricating the quick winding cogs of todays industrial civilization. It provides nourishment to the innumerable contributors of modern economy who have little time to cease for the more time consuming domestic dining. Also, it has done so staying within the affordability of most men. Considering that, fast food is, at least, cost-effective, which is quite a complement in the contemporary perspective. Yes, again, this amenity has its draw backs too, mostly related to health of individuals, but the price to pay for this urban convenience has not yet been proven to be dear. Hence the unstopped growth of the fast food industry as we speak! There are few in this world that do not have a twofaced implication of chance. It is, therefore, acceptable that the use of fast food has substantial benefits while the abuse of it may be harmful. One must then conclude that fast foods are here to stay, but we should indulge in it with caution and concern for health.

12.You should spend about 40 minutes on this

task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "When there is a rise in the standard of living, people in the cities are more benefited than those in the rural areas. Please give your opinion on the problems arising from this discrimination." Model Answer: Villages and cities have been the two complementary components of human civilization since the beginning of it. In simple terms, villages are the basis of habitat. Everything from commerce to culture in villages is basic. Whereas, urbanity is all about progression. All things advanced, of life and living, are standard in urban areas. Some say such discrepancies are unfair; others justify the difference of living standards. I equivocate with the latter. It is important that one understands the economic motivation of having geographically separate cities and villages. As said before, villages are basics, and cities are the advanced options of habitat, like product

lines of a shoe brand. Such artificial diversification is necessary to keep up with the diverse tastes and needs of people. Cities are costly, but come with many amenities. Villages are not well-ornate but comfortably within the affordability of most people. Also, if there was only one mode of living all over, then people would have no higher option to look up to, which in effect acts as motivation for personal economic development, or no safer and more affordable choice that we can resort to in troubled times. Aside from the economic formulae, there are social reasons for having distinct cities and villages. Rural and urban people have identifiably different cultural identities. True that there often are bilateral transitions of socio-cultural traits and behaviours between villages and cities, but for thousands of years, they have never been identical. This proves the existence of peoples choice to have urban and rural areas in their geographically and socio-economically separated spaces. Living standards are raising everyday and it is felt in cities first. That is because cities are the places of development, unlike the rural niches, which we cannot afford to experiment with. It is true that advanced amenities are almost solely urban properties, but it is alright, in my judgment, as long as the basic necessities are available in the villages.

13.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "People attend both work and personal calls through mobile phone anytime of the day. What are the positive and negative effects on social and individual life?" Model Answer: The citizens of the global village are expected to be mobile, freely transient over space, and always connected, wired to the world-wide communication chain anywhere anytime. Thence, mobile phones have become part and parcel of our everyday life. Many consider cellular phones as perfectly proper, if not essential, as a round the clock business and personal

tool, others question such unrestricted usage. All have their justifications. The basis of mobile phones popularity, surely, has always been the uninterrupted scope for being connected. What cell phones have given us is freedom to roam while being within the secure bond of modern communication. The manufacturers and service providers of mobile communication devices have enhanced the portability of communiqu to the degree of virtual extremity. And, we, the users, have embraced this advancement and have magnified our professional and social life to freely reach both sides of the meridiem. Unrestricted mobile communication has enabled us to live life to the practically fullest. The flip side of the coin presents a different picture. While cell phones keep us connected, they remain as the autonomous usher of intrusion, to privacy and solidarity of individuals. It is also common, everyday, to see the decorum of distinguished environments being violated by ringing cell phones and people talking over them. So, mobile communication devices, which are meant to be ideally personal communication devices, are often the means of public disturbance. The unavoidable human tragedy is all our endeavours end in toxic by-products. The best innovations have all too frequently caused the worst incidents. Mobile phones are beneficial, no doubt, but have been inarticulately used, if not abused, to the point of attrition. Thus, the reasonable conclusion, of the argument for and against the unrestricted usage of mobile phones, to be made is that the goodness of it is subjective and is reflective of the likeness of the users intentions.

14.You should spend about 40 minutes on this

task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Some people prefer to help by making donations to local charities while some prefer to donate to national & international organizations. Discuss both measures and give your opinion."

Model Answer: In the modern society charity has been institutionalized both locally and internationally. Through such organizations, helping our fellow citizens has become more convenient. Some make donations to local welfare bureaus and others to international organizations, like Red Cross. Both may be effective, but appeal to donors in varied ways. Locally originated charities always have the regional advantage. Being founded and usually run by native patrons and administrators, these charities relate to the local needs and hardships easily. So, for those who want to help the needy and distressed within their immediate surroundings, local aid groups may seem to be the more nimble option. But this inseparably has drawbacks also. Occurrences and accusations of irregularities have long plagued regional aid agencies. Also, they are limited in outreach. Anyone wanting to be more globally philanthropic will not be helped much by them. International aid agencies, like Red Cross, UNICEF, et al, on the other hand, have the universal edge. They operate in the war fields of Africa and shanties of India alike. So, they have the ability to transgress the goodwill of a local patron to world wide frontiers. But, being peregrine bodies themselves, sometimes international charities fail to relate and appeal to local people. Also, they may fail to perceive the intricate socio-economic ailments of a particularly exotic territory. This is no secret and often makes patrons uncomfortable. I have always believed that charities, both local and international, are effective and essential, and, thence, should coexist as viable options for all who care for humanity. Afflictions and catastrophes happen in different likes, and no single organization can be suitable to encounter all always. Situation, at times, demands the familial empathy of native charities, and, other times, wants the global expertise of international organizations. It is, therefore, wise to conclude that choosing the basis of charities while making donations is a subject that must be understood in context and will always vary according to the unfathomable turn of time.

15.You should spend about 40 minutes on this

task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "City Planners' new designs include setting up schools, markets, and commercial places (offices) in different areas of the city. Do you think it will help the city dwellers?" Model Answer: Cities all around the world are similar in terms of the cosmopolitan hum-bum, the abundant machinery, and the constant reshaping of landscapes. Planners, in recent times, have started setting up and relocating common places of public gathering, e.g. schools, shopping malls, and offices, out of the inner-city spheres for cascading the citizens over a wider and uncongested territory. I believe this, despite some inconvenience, is ultimately beneficial for city dwellers. Traffic, of humans and automobiles alike, haunt us in an otherwise unnatural urbanity, day and night. Cities, ailing of congestion, are hard up for air. We venture out every day, in the city streets, schools, offices, stores amidst millions others, on the prowl for sustenance, prosperity and indulgence. So we bump along, with or without harmony, like workers do in a termite colony, and thats ok! But the problems rather are the clogs that halt our lives, in office going traffic and school going ques. But urban socio-economic does not allow us to stall, yet stall we must. This paradox is born of the centripetal convergence of establishments in cities and will remain until and unless cities are decentralized. Some recoil from the prospects of relocation of city establishments looking closed-minded at only the geographical distance. But reality moves over space that must be measured in respect to travel time also. Due to relocation of schools, shops, and so on, we may have to travel further, but, thanks to the evolution of modern transports, for shorter periods of time. Hence, relegation of places of communion to more strategically poised vicinities actually reduces the time-distance that the modern man is more concerned about. No development comes without compensation, and if sacrifice we must to see better days, then accept we

should the extra mile that we have to stride on, for becoming a faster and more agile citizenry.

16.You should spend about 40 minutes on this

task. You have been asked to write about the following topic: "Some people prefer to go to health clubs and gyms for health care, but some say that walking and climbing stairs are more effective. Discuss both and give your opinion." Give reasons for your answers and include any relevant examples from your experience. Write at least 250 words. Model Answer: These days people are becoming more and more health conscious, more inclined to develop health through physical exercise. Many go to gymnasiums to work out using machineries, while others just maintain a physically active lifestyle walking and climbing stairs. Both ways are effective. Going to health clubs and gyms have become very popular lately. We, as humans, like to make occasions out of every prominent activity and distinguish physically locatable settings to observe such rituals. For example, we go to mosques, temples, churches to pray, highly decorated departmental stores for groceries, community centres to celebrate unions, restaurants to eat and lounges and cafs to hang out. And there are the overwhelmingly equipped bureaus for work. Going to gymnasiums to work out is, thus, a very consistent behaviour. Apart from its spatial identity a health club has its intrinsic benefits also. The equipments and the guided environment there make exercising easier, and, hence, the recent popularity. Some, on the other hand, find it impractical to make the time and go to a separate place to have physical exercise, and are bent on maintaining health by being physically active, not being conveniently lazy. They walk over to shortly distant places, rather than hiring transports, and briskly climb the staircase sometimes avoiding the elevator. This, in itself, has great advantages too. It, firstly, saves the additional time

and expenditure needed to go to gyms. And, since this, once habituated, is barely distinguishable as a separate activity, we persevere at it even without knowing. In my opinion, physical activity, integrated within the regular lifestyle is better than making a separate occasion out of it. Obviously, I am encouraged by the financial advantage of it. But, moreover, I believe in maintaining my health and hygiene in private, on my own, and within my everyday happenings. In sum, going to health clubs and having physical activities in regular life, are both popular and have their own effectiveness. I believe the choice between the two is a matter of personal taste and affordability rather than comparative advantage.

17.You should spend about 40 minutes on this

task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Nowadays it is noticed that cultural mixing is reflected within local cultural practices. Do you think it is good for our society?" Model Answer: In this era of globalization, boundaries political, geographical, and cultural are being removed as peoples blend and persons share, with each other, the very values that once segregated them. Cultural mixing has begun tearing down all the ethnical and racial pigeonholes and move us closer, by the day, towards one universal race of humans. Like all else, even this has its occasional downsides, which, when put in comparison with the upsides, are negligible. Firstly, we have to consider that cultural mixing is perhaps the only non-coercive way to move global humanity towards ideal equality, a belief sought for by all the great persons, and political and religious ideologies. While many have struggled throughout human history to uproot tyranny, oppression, bigotry and segregation, their paths have been tainted by the blood of the bold and tears of the beautiful. True that we, through our ravaging revolutions, have progressed, but at a cost that undoubtedly has been dear. Cultural mixing, on the other hand, is the

benedictory prophet, who ushers the great communion of all men in empathy, leaving behind all ethoses, and he comes only in peace. Yet, some conservatives argue that free-mixing of cultural values degrade peoples sense of morality. They must be conveniently forgetful of all the immoralities, in the name of conservation, that evidently have tarnished human history. Although, it is undeniable that cultural mixing, like any other progressive enterprise, has coincided with social unpleasantries, for example declining stability among families in the third world countries, the blame has not yet been rationally put. And, of course, there are many other socio-economic controllers such as wageearning, and individualism that may very well be responsible for todays social ills. In sum, we must not be closed-minded to the global brethren cultures, because, only by doing this we may, one day, realize the ever-cherished dreamland of universal humanity, where all the people, sharing the world in peace will not be only a thing of imagination.

Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Changing jobs and residences frequently is a very common scenario nowadays. Do you believe that this is good for one's future?" You should write at least 250 words. Model Answer: Change seems to be the mode these days, in politics, economics, society, even personal lives. Conforming to the global tide of change, we shift our residences, preferably moving from worse to better domiciles, and, more importantly, switch jobs for better pay and benefits. Some argue that keeping a volatile lifestyle endangers our personal safety and social stability. I also believe that, despite the need for it only whenever the end result is fruitful, frequently forced change ails us more rather than helping. It is important that the idea of development is carefully distinguished from all arbitrary change. What is noticeable recently that the craze for

18.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

abolishing all that is old for any that is new is rampant. In the job market, also, employees seem to be more restless, less patient of the due process of career progression. They fail, commonly, to appreciate the bureaucratic inertia that serves as a professionals 9 lives and misunderstand it as obstacle toward promotion. As a result employers are also becoming cynical of employees commitment. This, as a whole, destabilizes the job market, which is favourable neither for the enterprise nor for the entrepreneurs and staffs. We are also facing this lack of commitment in residential communities. Before, a family would move in to a neighbourhood, socialize and localize themselves intimately for years, sometimes generations, and develop a sense of mutual belongingness with the locale. Now, because of rampant migration, from one locality to another, people are becoming strangers in their own alley. As a result, community support is diminishing every day, especially in urban areas, and families are transforming to estranged groups of people in an otherwise crowded landscape. Change is good, as long as it is circumspect. Change is bad, whenever it is done just for the sake of it. Therefore, we must check the frequency of change, while keeping our minds open, and remember that all that we may perceive as old and used are also all that we have to lose, which may very well be all that we have.

19.You should spend about 40 minutes on this

task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "World history suggests that violence and conflict were more evident under male leadership that under female leadership. So. for peace to prevail, female leadership can be considered as a better option that male leadership." What are your opinions on the above topic? You should write at least 250 words.

Model Answer: The history of humans has been violence and conflict stricken since the beginning of time. As far as we can look back in time we see wars, power struggles and revolutions. We also see that society has always been predominantly male dominated, with leaders and rulers mainly being men. It is, hence, easy to blame the ruler and put the responsibility of atrocities on the shoulders of men. But a deeper perspective always reveals to historians that conflict is a generic tendency of humans. So peace being disturbed is not the liability of men only, but humans in general, and a power shift, from men to women, is destined to be futile in prevailing peace. Most of the women who are known to be great till date, e.g. Queen Isabella of Spain, Queens Marry, a.k.a. Bloody Marry, Victoria, and Elizabeth of Britain, all have ruled over vast spectrums of power. And they often have done so ruthlessly, achieving goals with an iron hand. They have waged wars that are barely comparable to only few of those devised by men. These women are not anomalies of history, but examples from numerous others, who went beyond the boundaries of gender in the path of prevailing in power while expending peace whenever they deemed it to be expendable. The two greatest wars of modern history, World Wars I & II, have taught us that wars are impersonal. Race, religion, nationality, sex are only preteens to the universally human lust for power. It is true that during both the global conflicts men were in the rulers thrones. But it will be foolish to say that Margaret Thatcher, the famed Iron Lady who spared no rod against a minnow enemy in the war of Falkland, would be more peacefully diplomatic than how the greats Winston Churchill and Franklyn D. Roosevelt had been tackling the Axis of Hitler. The gender issue is only a determinant in the battle of the sexes, not the battles among nations and peoples. It is therefore impertinent, if not irrational, to conclude that world conflicts result from the rule of a particular gender and the finer sex would do a better job at prevailing peace if selectively put at the helm of human nations

20.You should spend about 40 minutes on this

"Cricket has become more popular than the national sports in the sub-continental countries ." What do you think are the reasons behind this? You should write at least 250 words.

task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic:

Model Answer: Cricket, traditionally an English sport, is becoming increasingly popular in other parts of the world. But the popularity of Willow-n-cherry is evidently the highest among the countries of the Indo-Pak subcontinent, for reasons that are historical, anthropological, geographical, and even commercial. The game of Cricket came to South-Asia in the hands of the English colonists centuries ago and has seeped into the hearts of the people here while the cricketers of here have won over the hearts of the English. This inter-continental love-affair perhaps has made the south-Asians elope with the Bat and Ball from their national and ethnical sports. Also, World Cup wins in the 80s and 90s, and phenomenal performers like Hanif Mohammed of the 50s and Sachem Tendulkar of late, all have made Cricket more psychologically ethnical than the native sports of this region. Mother Nature had her hand in it too. Some say south-Asians are natural cricketers. It has indeed been proven that the sub-continent players are more adaptive to the physiological demands of Cricket compared to how they get naturalized to other international sports e.g. Football, Basketball etc. Also, the climatic conditions here are relatively more suitable for playing cricket compared to the climates of many other parts of the globe. Not to forget, the virtually uncountable population of this region that continually fuels the ever-sprouting 11-member teams needed to stage only half of a Cricket game and supplies the hundreds of millions of spectators to cheer the players. Altogether, it is like a match made in heaven, divine enough to surpass any hereditary bond. Commerce plays its own amazingly profitable part too.

Cricket enthusiasts of here have become the primary consumer base of many global enterprises who masscharm the sub-continent customers through extravagantly sponsored tournaments. ICC, the governing body of world Cricket, also cajoles the people here because of their financial utility and cossets them from their sporting heredity. Regardless of where it came from, the most certain conclusion to be made here is that Cricket is to stay and sustain in the nourishment of the South-Asian pandemonium and will indefinitely reign over the people here like the God-sent hero who conquers not only the matter but also the nativity.

21.You should spend about 40 minutes on this

task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Use of Machinery has increased and physical labour dropped at large." What are the positive and negative effects of the above phenomenon? You should write at least 250 words Model Answer: With the advent of the 21st century, technology has leaped to a level that was unimaginable only even 50 years ago. It was not too long ago that computers took up the size of an entire room; now, however, we have PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant) that we can fit comfortably in our pockets! This dramatic progress of technology has meant that many aspects of our lives are becoming automated and the necessity of physical labor is rapidly dwindling. This phenomenon has diverse effects, including both positive and negative ones. The increased use of machinery has many beneficial effects. Firstly, if a job is performed by any random person, the possibility of human error is quite high; whereas, all jobs performed by machines are going to be flawless assuming that they are programmed properly. Next, comes the differences of time- our most valuable asset. Naturally the same job performed by a particular person will not always take the same amount of time. Depending on his stamina, a person

can complete a job quickly or move at a snails pace. On the other hand, the same job performed by a machine will always take the same amount of time and no inconsistencies will be seen. The decrease of usage of physical labor has some downsides as well. As machines take over tasks previously carried out by humans, unemployment rate will increase giving rise to poverty and even starvation for many families. Also, usage of machines for complicated jobs will mean that large sums of money will be required to setup these machines in the first place. This will undoubtedly create a strain on the overall economy of a particular country and this may lead to a decrease in the standard of living in the short run. Clearly, the increased use of machinery has some positive effects. However, we must remember where to draw the line so as to ensure that we do not have to suffer from its detrimental effects.

22.You should spend about 40 minutes on this

task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "To solve the ever-increasing environmental hazards throughout the world, the best way is to increase the price of fuel." What is your opinion on the above assumption? You should write at least 250 words Model Answer: Environmental or natural hazards are the result of physical processes that affect humans every day. As the use of fuel increases to keep up with modern demands, the world is becoming more vulnerable to environmental hazards and disasters. Floods, earthquakes, severe thunderstorms, toxic or oil spills immediately come to mind when comprehending this issue, implying that all these things are inherently hazardous. One of the most effective solutions to these environmental hazards is to raise the price of fuel. The use of petroleum and gasoline can release toxic chemicals into our atmosphere. These chemicals escape into the air during refilling, from the gasoline

tank and carburettor during normal operation, and from engine exhaust. Transportation sources account for about 30-50% of all harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Smog is another environmental hazard. It causes human respiratory stress, and damages many plants, significantly reducing farm crop yields and the health of trees and other vegetation. Burning gasoline emits significant quantities of a wide range of harmful gases into the atmosphere. For example, carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas produced by incomplete combustion. Carbon dioxide, a normal product of burning fuel, is non-toxic, but contributes to the greenhouse effect, which is also known as global warming. Raising the price of fuel would mean that people would use less petroleum and gasoline. They would find other alternative means of transport to save money, which would mean using less high-priced fuel for everyday purposes. For example, cycling is a healthy activity and it saves the earth too. Also, for a long journey, people could try to find friends together for car-pooling. Car-pooling saves a lot of fuel and would save a lot of money too. Many environmental hazards like smog and global warming are increasing around the world due to the excessive use of petroleum and gasoline in our daily lives. Raising the price of fuel could make all the difference to the environment. It would force people to use petrol in a more responsible way and use it less, and therefore be the most effective solution to the problem of ever-increasing environmental hazards.

23.You should spend about 40 minutes on this

task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: Over-fishing has become a very common practice in Bangladesh. What do you think are the effects of over-fishing? You should write at least 250 words Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Model Answer: Fish population in the seas and rivers are falling

sharply due to over fishing this fact worries many Asian and European countries. Governments should have controlling policies so that the fish population may have chance to replenish. More importantly fish are killed early so they dont live long enough to reproduce, as a result the stock it comes from doesnt get chance to recover. Scientists have been warning politicians about the disastrous effect of over fishing for years. Many of the popular species that were abundant in our rivers and seas several decades ago, have slowly become rarity, if not extinct. Fishermen have a tendency to over fish for economic reasons. There are not enough adult fished to meet the demand so fishermen are catching the baby ones and government doesnt have a strong surveillance to stop baby fish killing. Many market popular species of fish are victim of over fishing and under-aged fishing. For instance, Hilsha, the national fish of Bangladesh is facing acute threat of over fishing and the availability of adult hilsha has felled dramatically. The average size of hilsha caught has also been reduced by almost 40% in last two decades. Hilsa population has been reduced significantly due to over fishing. Most of the Hilsha fish is killed under-aged, before they become adult and many are killed before spawning. Due to exhaustive and indiscriminate fishing, our rivers and canals are already void of fishes and many common fish species has become a rarity. As an effort to stop this, government is trying to enforce a fishing policy that rivers and canals will be declared as reserved areas and commercial fishing will be banned in rivers and canals for next two years so that the young fishes can breed and replenish the stock. Meantime the affected fishermen will be offered alternate means to earn livelihood. To make any difference in the current practice, government must take decisions to make radical changes.

24.You should spend about 40 minutes on this

task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic:

Safety standards are important when building peoples homes. Who should be responsible for enforcing strict building codes the government or the people who build the homes? You should write at least 250 words Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Model Answer: People or commercial constructors build homes for private dwelling or for commercial use- in all cases safety of dwelling is important. It is home makers or contractors responsibility to build houses complying with standard engineering requirements and building codes set by the respective governments. I believe that the government should always be there to strictly enforce building codes, and in case of non-compliance authorities should take punitive measures. Enforcement of law is governments responsibility. Since non-compliance can not only cause hazards to the home-owners, but also to tenants and if in a cooperative or apartment, many co-owners may suffer. The building codes are regulatory requirements concerning safety and quality of the construction, use of space and others. For example, in an earthquakeprone area the buildings should not be very high and the design and structure must have higher earthquake resistance. Big houses and long buildings (i.e. academic departments, hotels and hostels) require dilatations every 15-20 meters so that in a heavy earthquake, only part of a building collapses, not the whole. More over the quality of the materials used in construction and electric wiring, and gas connection should pass minimum safety standards. Adequate entry-exit facilities, and emergency exists, fire extinguisher are also very important is establishments like factories, hall rooms, discos, party centres. In cases of wooden house, wood must be coated with fire-resistant paint. In large apartments, office buildings, hall rooms and lobbies of hotels, firebarriers made of rubber and steel are used to prevent spreading of fire. Similarly, in areas of frequent hailstorm, skylights must not be used, and if so, must

be protected by steel shutters. Many constructors often tend to ignore the minimum safety requirements to minimize costs which jeopardize peoples life. Many private homemakers do not know details of these standards and precautions. It is the responsibility of the government to disseminate such essential knowledge and monitor the compliance of builders, developers and makers of houses. However, the builders cannot avoid their responsibility anyway. In conclusion, as in modern world, the government is ultimately responsible for its entire citizens safely and good life, its governments responsibility to enforce strict building code. If the negligence of the governments agencies jeopardize peoples life, government will be held responsible.

25.You should spend about 40 minutes on this

task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: Should criminals be punished with lengthy jail terms of re-educated and rehabilitated using, for instance, community service programs. You should write at least 250 words Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Model Answer: Crime is a social vice yet societies have been dealing with this throughout the history of societies. The ways in which legal system deals with those that break the law has long been a contentious programs, as well as notions of just and adequate punishment. There are many people who question both the principles behind, and the effectiveness of programs that seek to reeducate criminals before they are re-introduced to society. It is my opinion that even assuming limited effectiveness, these programs are socially and practically valuable. Criminologists, based on criminal profiling, broadly categorize two types of offenders. The first category

offenders are those who have repeated causes of breaking the law. So releasing this type of criminals is in a sense releasing the identified social dangers with high propensity to relapse-back to their old habits. Rehabilitation efforts have a high rate of frailer in case of this type of criminals. The second category is circumstantial offenders where the offender is mentally healthy and not prone to crime, yet the crime happens due to circumstantial influences. In the second cases, rehabilitation programs work better and many argue that longer jail terms are not a good idea at all for this group of offender. Arguments against rehabilitation are often based on two points. Firstly, opponents question the effectiveness of such program. Given the great expense rehabilitation programmer incur on the taxpayers, they are not effective enough in preventing repeat offences. Secondly, it is unfair and against social justice that criminals receive expensive education programs at public money. The opponents maintain that the offenders should be given exemplary punishment with long jail sentences instead. However, neither of the opinions has absolute suitability over other. Though it is true that rehabilitation programs are often not effective and that upon release some inmates quickly re-offend and it does seem unfair that criminals receive taxpayer financed education programs, it is societys best interests to gradually reintegrate offenders safely to society. Moreover, punishing criminals with long jail terms creates a them and us society by establishing and reinforcing a criminal community within prisons. However, it cannot be denied that having a rehabilitation program is more effective than not having one at all, and that at least it offers prisoners more options when they are released. More importantly, long time inmates often report that they repeat offence from the above discussion that crime should really be seen as a social problem and criminals as members of society who need help to fit in. As such, locking these members of society up in jails for long periods of time is not the best way to help make these adjustments, and moreover neither is it a cost efficient way of dealing with these members of society up in jails for long periods of time is not the best way to help make these adjustments, and this was the recent construction, in Western Australia, of the Biblemum Trail, a 600km hiking rack with facilities all along the way. During

this construction project inmates received instruction in various different areas of the building trade, including workplace integration and deadline responsibilities. Finally, though rehabilitation programs use up public money, longer jail terms would entail even greater costs. However, now a day many rehabilitation programs use up public money, longer jail terms would entail even greater costs. However, now a day many rehabilitation programs offer opportunity to make up some of these costs. Prisoners can be put to work in community service projects, which both provide the prisoners with valuable training, public with much needed services.

26.You should spend about 40 minutes on this

task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: Many office authorities impose restriction on smoking within the offices premises. Some governments have even banned smoking in all public places. This is a good idea but it takes away some of our freedom. What are your opinions on this? You should write at least 250 words Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Model Answer: There is no denial that cigarette smoking is harmful and smoking as a habit has been on a decline all over the world, particularly among the aware and health conscious populace. Cigarette smoking has two major effects on non-smokers-injurious passive smoking and smoking display that has an invitational or persuasive effect on non-smokers. I believe banning smoking in public places and offices not only will discourage smoking, but will also keep the smoking practice out of site, though it might apparently look like transgress into smokers freedom. There are several reasons that government and private authorities are being strict5 on smoking in offices and

even public places. Firstly, this is an accepted fact that smoking is injurious to health. Secondly, smoking causes health hazard to non-smokers who inhale smoke passively from the smokers. Thirdly, smoking has a strong psychologically influence on others, particularly on children and young who learns form their elderly. Fourthly, in many countries the cost of health care and insurance has gone up due to smoking related illnesses. So health authorities and governments are trying to have been seen that due to the restrictions, the habit of smoking is on a decline among office goers. Though non-smokers think that restricting smoking in offices and public places is a good idea, smokers often view it as an intervention into their right. Smokers argue that cigarette smoking has direct relation to their workplace performance, though passive smoking can cause objections from colleagues. Though pressure groups such as tobacco companies may discourage restrictions on smoking, since the advantages of ban outweigh the disadvantages, mass public support such bans. Moreover offices have the right to regulate staff behaviour and activities and governments too can ban smoking in public places for greater societal benefit. In conclusion, restricting smoking in workplaces and in public is a good idea. I can also understand the opinion of smokers that banning smoking in such places limits their freedom. However, if the negative effects of smoking were limited only to smokers, I would oppose bans, but as smoking affects the health of others, I support them.

27.You should spend about 40 minutes on this

task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: Nowadays, more and more foreign students are going to English-Speaking countries to learn the international language English. It is undoubtedly true that studying English in an English-speaking country is the best way, but it is not the only way to learn it. You should write at least 250 words.

Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Model Answer: There is no denial that being in a real English language environment will help any one to master the language in the fastest and most effective way and many international students prefer to go to English speaking countries to study and lean the international language. I agree that this is the best way, yet students can learn English in order useful ways. Being in an English speaking country helps students learn English in many ways. Firstly, the surroundings and environment influence our learning. we are forced to speak, read write, and slowly we start even thinking in English since we have to. Secondly, quick learning of the language can become a strong motivation because in turn, we will get quick feedback that lets us find what we learn really benefits us in life and education. This inspires us to continue to learn more. Its a positive reinforcement Learning builds on progressively. The initial earning serves as the basis for further learning. Thirdly, in an English-speaking country, you will be learning from the life and culture which is not present outside that land. However, in this age of cross-culture communication and Internet, learning English in an English-speaking country is not the only way. The English language learning opportunities are available in many countries. Now a days people are able to find various ways of learning English language in their home country that are highly effective and productive. Watching movies, television, and browsing Internet can open up vast plethora of English materials. For instance, one can make use of the vast storage of materials (video, sound, graphics, etc.) on the Internet to facilitate language study. Some times non-English speaking students may need different approach in learning English. The principle of different students, different teaching, by the famous saying by Chinese guru Confucius, maintains that different teaching approaches are useful for different segment of students. The way a foreign student learns a language is quite different from those of an English native speaker. For example, a foreign student higher level; however, it is unnecessary for a native speaker. Last but not the least, on some occasions, students may find teachers in their own countries do a better job in

figuring out their exact weak points and the remedies for them. In conclusion, we believe studying English in Englishspeaking country can be the best; however we have a great variety of other good choices as well.

28.You should spend about 40 minutes on this

task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: Many animals loss their life in merciless wilderness unnoticed. Why cant we use some of them for research and testing? You should write at least 250 words Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Model Answer: Most people dislike unnecessary Killing of animals. Every creature on this earth feed on some other plant or animal. Life in the wilderness is cruel and merciless. Many animals die of starvation due to draught, winter, and carnivorous animals kill smaller animals for meal. Many hatchlings and baby animals give their life to predators. Only a minuscule fraction of baby animals survive in wilderness escaping the hands of predators. Again killing and farm animals and fish is a way of life all over the world. Human race is continuing to develop medicine, food and knowledge to help animals survive and grow. There are a many life saving drugs, vaccines and improved food items are now available for animals developed by biological scientists. Cattle herds and poultry are taken good care because of their economic value. Many organizations and activists strive to save wildlife and protect their habitat from human disturbance. There is a worldwide awareness about the conservation of animals and their habitat. Special programs are being taken for endangered animals. So we can say that its no that we are only interested to cause harm to animals, we also are quite aware of their interest. In conclusion, we can say that If we want to introduce

new food items, drugs, or any such thing, we have to get them tested, preferably on test animals, before you apply them on human beings. We dont have any other option other than testing the developments in the biological sciences on animals. If there is any life-less alternative available, presumably scientist will prefer to test on inanimate things, given that both alternatives are producing same reliable results. We should bear in mind that not all the test animals suffer from effects; often the outcome is harmless to the animal.

29.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: The development of science and technology has been accompanied by a decline in traditional culture. Do you think that this has a negative impact on our life? You should write at least 250 words Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Model Answer: Technology has progressed very rapidly over the years. Modern technology has definitely made our life convenient with its amenities. Technology has had a profound effect on our lifestyle and culture. Modern technology has changed many things in our lives. Modern technology has changed our way of thinking about what to expect from life. Technology has a profound effect on our culture, values, beliefs and lifestyle. Modern technology has changed the way we think, move, live and enjoy. Development of science and technology has been accompanied by a decline in traditional culture. In my opinion, this is not necessarily a negative change, because societies change over time and so do cultural practices. Its the technology that helped the society to change fast and for the better in most cases. In the first place, science and technology have cleared up many phenomena that were mysterious to us in the past. As a result, large number of harmful superstitions have disappeared, and nobody regrets their passing. For instance, we now know that thunder and lightning are not caused by gods being angry, but are normal natural phenomena. In the second place, our everyday lives have been made more convenient by scientific and technological inventions such as trains, airplanes and computers. Nowadays electric lights have replaced the traditional oil lamps, and computers enable us to make quicker and more accurate calculations. The television brings the family together in the evening.

In third place, science and technology actually help to preserve the useful and pleasant parts of traditional culture. Technology has enabled us to invent many new techniques to preserve historical artefacts. Therefore, for the above reasons, I welcome the development of science and technology. Advances in science and technology have brought us many benefits. At the same time, they have eliminated the bad parts of traditional culture while preserving the good parts.

30.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: Men do most high level jobs. Should the government encourage a certain percentage of to be reserved for women? You should write at least 250 words Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Model Answer: Equality for both man and women is the accepted underpinning philosophy of modern society that we live in. Most constitutions maintain equal right for men and women. Most public institutions and formal organizations hold equal view in treating either sex. Despite the fact that male high officials outnumber female high officials by a great margin, in most countries there is no legal or statutory bar against women going up in the ladder. I am against any kind of positive bias towards women in the form of reserving percentage of higher positions for women. That will only encourage anomaly, imperfection in practices and most importantly it is not going to serve the ultimate goal of escalating womens positions in society of economy, unless they earn that by themselves rightfully. In the bygone days women were primarily engaged in household responsibilities. Womens

involvement in economic, organizational and public activities is not a very old practice. But in the recent decades things have changed dramatically and many women in the west are going to the top in career and profession. Even in the third world countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America, presence of working women are every where, competing with the male counterparts and even surpassing them in many aspects. They are acquiring the necessary education, gaining proper knowledge abut their rights and are in the process of being recognized as organizationally as valuable contributors. In Bangladesh, in many instances girls toppled in open public examinations, and their success rate is generally higher than man. Women are earning professional reputation in their job places as well. Against this backdrop, there is no reason that government should go for reserving positions for women. Instead government should take initiatives to eradicate any bias against women and make favourable work environment for women. Firstly, governments can ensure womens access to education and thus empower them and make them prepared for life as in many societies women lack education and empowerment. Secondly, women suffer from gender discrimination, chauvinistic behaviour and worse even, sexual harassment in work places. Governments should have clear and strict policies to ensure an environment where workers from both sexes coexist with ease. Thirdly, women should be entitled to have special conduct during motherhood. Due to the very role of a woman in family, supports form the workplace are important for working women. Women and man both should be viewed as equally capable. If we look over our shoulder, we can see that the number of eligible, skilled and executive-class working women is actually increasing quickly in recent years. Govt. should no go for reserving a certain percentage of high level jobs to be for women. That will only undermine womens ability and women will grossly find that their self-respect is on decline. They can find their own way towards the prosperous carriers by the dints of their own virtue and efforts.

31.You should spend about 40 minutes on this

task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: Do you support the use of nuclear technology to be used for constructive purposes? You should write at least 250 words Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Model Answer: Many people are afraid of nuclear technology because of the dangers associated with its use. And belligerent leaders and terrorists may cause great human disaster by the use of nuclear weapons of mass-destruction. Though it is true that nuclear weapons pose the greatest threat to life, I personally support the use of nuclear technology for constructive purposes can bring human benefit.

The most worrying aspect of nuclear technology is its use for military purposes by many high and mighty countries. Enough atomic bombs have already been made which are capable of completely destroying the planet. An increasing number of countries now have nuclear weapon or have the technology required to make such bombs, and there is an ongoing debate about how to control the threat of nuclear weapon. After the fall of Russia, many Russian scientists have found their nuclear technology expertise is in high demand in countries that have an ambition with nuclear technology. Many believe that, at that time, technology has been secretly made available to many aspiring countries like, Iraq, North Korea, India, Pakistan and others. Experts believe that now a days, many confrontational countries and terrorist organizations have nuclear know how which they could use for terrorism and mass destruction. However, it would have been better if it had never been used to create nuclear weapons. If life on earth is to continue, we must control nuclear weapons of mass destruction. To eliminate the threat of nuclear war, all the nuclear power nations of the world should agree to disarm as soon as possible. Nuclear power stations provide an important source of cheap power in many industrialized nations and some developing countries. However, like most sophisticated technology, there are dangers associated with it. Even though very high safety precautions are taken, there have been few cases of disasters, two or three were major human disasters. Yet many experts believe that in the coming days, nuclear power will be the most efficient source of energy for the mankind. Nuclear technology has been widely used in medical science. X-rays are widely used technology that medical diagnosis. Radiotherapy is widely used to help cure some diseases such as cancer. Controlled and measured radiation is applied on malignant cancerous cells to kill them or stop their spreading. In conclusion, nuclear technology certainly has many positive uses and offers lots of promise. But we have to bear in mind that it is dangerous if not handled properly or goes in the wrong hands. Nuclear technology should be only used for the true benefit of the mankind. If we forget this, we have to take the responsibility of our own destiny. (Total 442 Words)

32.You should spend about 40 mi8nutes on this task.

Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: Youth drug abuse is a serous problem. What are the possible causes of this behaviour? Do you have any suggestion to control that? You should write at least 250 words Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.

Model Answer: Model

Answer

In recent years, Youth drug abuse has become a serious problem in many countries, both rich and poor, across the world. Not only the illegal drug use is no the rise, but children as young as 10 years old are also experimenting with alcohol and tobacco and other forms of available drugs. The effects of drug abuse are well known. Many young talents are wasted, and prolonged addiction to hard drugs can cost a user his or her life. Suggesting remedies for youth drug abuse requires a clear understanding of the underlying reasons. The reasons for this irrevocable behaviour among the youth are unclear, but many sociologists blame the examples set by their elders. Firstly, parents who drink and smoke are, in effect, telling their children that it is a socially acceptable behaviour. Consequently, children may have a similar view towards illegal drugs, even if their parents are against their use. In addition, drug use shown on television, films, magazines and public displays can only attract children, if not confuse them about the serious health-hazards that are associated with drug abuse. From another perspective, the pressure on young people to perform well at schools and other competitive platforms is a possible cause of the problem. Many believe they cannot live up to their parents expectations, and feel a sense of hopelessness and frustration. Scientists have established a relation between drug use and stress, frustration, lack of clear goal. Drugs are used as a means of expressing dissatisfaction with the pressures that they face in society. Also, the widespread availability of drugs means teenagers are often encountered by the temptation to experiment. To suggest, I recommend to educate young people about the dangers of drug use, and to take steps to reduce the pressure of competition placed upon them. Any tempting public display of smoking or drug use shown on television, films, magazines, and displays should be banned. Moreover restricting drug availability by guarding illegal drug-trafficking and retailing will also bring positive result. In the conclusion it can be said that solution to youth drug abuse problems actually lie in the root causes and identifying the causes would make it convenient to control the use.

Prepositions-01
aboard adverb , preposition
used when talking about getting onto a ship, aircraft, bus or train The flight attendant welcomed us aboard. Welcome aboard flight BA345 to Tokyo. The train's about to leave. All aboard! We spent two months aboard ship (= on the ship) .

about preposition CONNECTED WITH

1. on the subject of; connected with What's that book about? a film about the Spanish Civil War We were talking/laughing about Sophie. He's always (going) on about what a great job he's got. I'm worried about David. I really don't know what all the fuss is about. I wish you'd do something about (= take action to solve the problem of)your bedroom - it's a real mess. UK INFORMAL Could you make me a coffee too while you're about it (= while you are making one for yourself) ? What didn't you like about the play? There's something about (= in the character of) her attitude that worries me. There's something special about him (= in his character) . "Is that your car?" "Yes, what about it (= why are you asking me) ?" This is sometimes said in an angry or threatening way.

about preposition NO ORDER

2. ( US around ) positioned around a place, often without a clear purpose or order Their belongings were flung about the room.

about preposition POSITION

3. UK SLIGHTLY FORMAL in a particular place Do you have such a thing as a pen about you/your person (= Have you got a pen) ? above adverb , preposition HIGHER POSITION 1. in or to a higher position than something else There's a mirror above the washbasin. He waved the letter excitedly above his head. She's rented a room above a shop. Her name comes above mine on the list. The helicopter was hovering above the building. It's on the shelf just above your head. A crack had started to appear just above the light fitting. above adverb , preposition MORE 2. more than an amount or level It says on the box it's for children aged three and above. Rates of pay are above average . Temperatures rarely rise above zero in winter. She values her job above her family. They value their freedom above (and beyond) all else . above adverb , preposition RANK 4. in a more important or advanced position than someone else Sally's a grade above me. above adverb , preposition TOO IMPORTANT 5. too good or important for something No one is above suspicion in this matter. He's not above ly ing (= he sometimes lies) to protect himself. absent preposition US without Absent a detailed plan, the project was doomed from the start. across adverb , preposition from one side to the other of something with clear limits, such as an area of land, a road or river She walked across the field/road. They're building a new bridge across the river. When I reached the river, I simply swam across.

across preposition across preposition

1. on the opposite side of The library is just across the road.

2. in every part of a particular place or country Voting took place peacefully across most of the country. afore adverb , preposition , conjunction OLD USE before (EARLIER)

after preposition

1. following in time, place or order Shall we go for a walk after breakfast? Some people believe in life after death . Her name came after mine on the list. There's a good film on the day after tomorrow. She waited until well after midnight. US It's a quarter after four. She just keeps on working, day after day , week after week (= continuously) . We've had meeting after meeting (= many meetings) to discuss this point. Jessie seemed very small after (= in comparison with) Michael's children. After (= Despite) everything I've done for you, is this the way you treat me? After (= Because of) what she did to me, I'll never trust her again. The children have to learn to tidy up after themselves (= after they have made things untidy) . She slammed the door after (= behind) her. We ran after (= followed) him, but he escaped. Could you lock up after you (= when you leave) , please?

after preposition
4. typical of or similar to the style of a painting after Titian a concerto after Mozart 1. in opposition to She spoke against the decision to close the college. Fifty people voted against the new proposal. I'm very much against the idea that it is the woman's job to bring up the child. Germany are playing against Brazil in the cup final tonight. She's always rebelled against authority. She sold the house even though it was against his wishes. They called a demonstration to protest against proposed job cuts. Are you for or against my proposal? Sanctions against the country should be lifted. Stricter controls will help in the fight against inflation. Criminal charges will be brought against the driver. They decided not to take legal action against him. They were up against a powerful pressure group. We came up against a lot of problems in the course of building our extension. The chances/odds against you winning such a competition are enormous. It's against the law (= illegal) to leave children under a certain age alone in the house. It's against my beliefs/principles to be nice to someone I dislike just because they're in a senior position. Against all probability (= although it was extremely unlikely) we found ourselves in the same hotel. I wouldn't dare say anything against him (= criticize him) to his mother! 4. next to and touching or being supported by (something) Why don't we put the bed against the wall? He loved the feel of her soft hair against his skin. The rain beat against her face as she struggled through the wind. The police officer had him up against the wall, both arms behind his back. She leant against the door.

against preposition OPPOSING

against preposition TOUCHING

against preposition TOUCHING

5. in front of or compared to Paintings look best against a simple white wall.

against preposition OPPOSITE DIRECTION

6. in the opposite direction to The last part of the course was hard because I was running against the wind. Commuting is not so bad when you are travelling against the traffic.

against preposition PROTECTION

7. as a protection or defence from the bad effects of We've insured the car against fire, theft and accident. The police have to arm themselves against attack. agin preposition NORTHERN ENGLISH against The whole world seemed agin him.

alias preposition

along preposition DIRECTION along preposition NEXT TO

used when giving the name that a person is generally known by, after giving their real name Grace Kelly, alias Princess Grace of Monaco 1. from one part of a road, river, etc. to another a romantic walk along the beach/river 2. in a line next to something long a row of houses along the river

Cars were parked all along the road.

along preposition PARTICULAR PLACE

3. at a particular place on a road, river, etc. Somewhere along this road there's a garage. alongside preposition , adverb next to, or together with A car pulled up alongside (ours). The new pill will be used alongside existing medicines. Most of the staff refused to work alongside the new team. Britain fought alongside France, Turkey and Sardinia during the Crimean War. amid preposition ( ALSO amidst ) FORMAL in the middle of or surrounded by; among On the floor, amid mounds of books, were two small envelopes. The new perfume was launched amidst a fanfare of publicity. among preposition ( ALSO amongst ) 1. in the middle of or surrounded by other things I saw a few familiar faces among the crowd. Rescue teams searched among the wreckage for survivors. among preposition ( ALSO amongst ) 2. happening as part of a group of people or things a decision that has caused a lot of anger among women Relax, you're amongst friends. Talk about it among yourselves (= Talk to each other about it without me)for a while. She has worked as an estate agent among other things (= as well as other things) . anti adjective , preposition INFORMAL opposed to or against a particular thing or person We've received a lot of anti letters about that newspaper article. Just because I won't join you, it doesn't mean that I'm anti you. apropos adverb , preposition FORMAL used to introduce something which is related to or connected with something that has just been said I had a letter from Sally yesterday - apropos (of) which, did you send her that article? Apropos what you said yesterday, I think you made the right decision. around preposition , adverb ( MAINLY UK round ) IN THIS DIRECTION 1. in a position or direction surrounding, or in a direction going along the edge of or from one part to another (of) We sat around the table. He put his arm around her. A crowd had gathered around the scene of the accident. She had a woollen scarf around her neck. The moon goes around the Earth. I walked around the side of the building. As the bus left, she turned around (= so that she was facing in the opposite direction) and waved goodbye to us. He put the wheel on the right/wrong way around (= facing the right/wrong way) . The children were dancing around the room. I spent a year travelling around Africa and the Middle East. The museum's collection includes works of art from all around the world. She passed a plate of biscuits around (= from one person to another) . This virus has been going around (= from one person to another) . around preposition , adverb ( MAINLY UK round ) IN THIS PLACE 2. positioned or moving in or near a place, often without a clear direction, purpose or order He always leaves his clothes lying around (on the floor). She went into town and spent two hours just walking around. Let's take the children to the park so they can run around for a bit. I used to live around (= near) here. She's never around (= near here) when you need her. Will you be around next week? There's a lot of flu around (= a lot of people have it) at the moment. Mobile phones have been around (= existed) for quite a while.

as preposition
used to describe the purpose or quality of someone or something She works as a waitress. It could be used as evidence against him. The news came as quite a shock to us. I meant it as a joke.

astride preposition
with a leg on each side of something She sat proudly astride her new motorbike. FIGURATIVE The town lies astride (= on either side of) the River Havel.

at preposition PLACE
1. used to show an exact position or particular place We'll meet you at the entrance. That bit at the beginning of the film was brilliant.

at preposition TIME

She's sitting at the table in the corner. She was standing at the top of the stairs. The dog came and lay down at (= next to) my feet. There's someone at the door (= someone is outside the door and wants to come in) . We spent the afternoon at a football match. I'll give you my number at work/home/the office. I enjoyed my three years at university. I rang her but she was at lunch (= away from here, eating her lunch) . 2. used to show an exact or a particular time There's a meeting at 2.30 this afternoon. Are you free at lunchtime? In theory, women can still have children at the age of 50. The bells ring at regular intervals through the day. At no time/point did the company do anything illegal. I'm busy at the moment (= now) - can you call back later? It's a shame I wasn't here to meet you - I was in London at the time (= then) . 3. towards; in the direction of She smiled at me. They waved at us as we drove by. She aimed at the target. "Look at me! Look at me!" called the little girl. He's always shouting at the children.

at preposition DIRECTION

at preposition CAUSE
4. used to show the cause of something, especially a feeling We were surprised at the news. I was quite excited at the prospect. Why does no one ever laugh at my jokes? 5. used to show the activity in which someone's ability is being judged I was never very good at sports. He's very good at getting on with people. She's hopeless at organizing things.

at preposition JUDGMENT

at preposition EMAIL ADDRESS

6. the @ symbol that joins the name of a person or a department in an organization to a domain name to make an email address You can email dictionary@cambridge.org to find out more about this dictionary. "What's your email address?" "It's dictionary at cambridge dot org."

at preposition AMOUNT
7. used to show a price, temperature, rate, speed, etc. I'm not going to buy those shoes at $150! Inflation is running at 5%. He was driving at 120 mph when the police spotted him.

at preposition AMOUNT

8. ( USUALLY @ ) used in financial records to show the price, rate, etc. of a particular thing or of each of a number of things on a list

at preposition CONDITION

9. used to show a state, condition or continuous activity a country at war children at play atop preposition MAINLY US on or at the top of She sat atop a two-metre high wall.

bar preposition SLIGHTLY FORMAL

except Everyone is leaving the village, bar the very old and ill. They're the best songwriters of this century, bar none (= no one else is better) .

barring preposition
except or unless a particular thing happens We should arrive at ten o'clock, barring any (= if there are no) unexpected delays. before preposition , adverb , conjunction 1. at or during a time earlier than (the thing mentioned) You should always wash your hands before meals. Before leav ing he said goodbye to each of them. She's always up before dawn. Before he could reach the door, she quickly closed it. Before we make a decision, does anyone want to say anything else? She had to give the doorman a tip before (= in order that) he would help her with her suitcases. before preposition , adverb , conjunction 2. until (the event mentioned)

It was an hour before the police arrived.

before preposition , adverb , conjunction

3. in the past He said he had never seen her before. I feel as though I've been here before. 1. in front of The letter K comes before L in the English alphabet. Many mothers put their children's needs before their own. We have the whole weekend before us - what shall we do? He stood up before a whole roomful of people, and asked her to marry him. 2. If a place is before another place, you will arrive at it first when you are travelling towards the second place The bus stop is just before the school.

before preposition

before preposition before preposition

3. To be before someone or a group of people, is to be formally considered or examined by that person or group The proposal before the committee is that we try and reduce our spending by 10%. The men appeared before the judge yesterday. behind preposition , adverb at the back (of) Look behind you! I hung my coat behind the door. Alex led, and I followed along behind. MAINLY UK As hard as she tried, she always fell behind the other swimmers in the races. FIGURATIVE I knew that behind (= hidden by) her smile was sadness.

behind preposition
responsible for or the cause of He wondered what was behind his neighbour's sudden friendliness. Marie Curie was the woman behind enormous changes in the science of chemistry. below adverb , preposition POSITION 1. in a lower position (than), under From the top of the skyscraper the cars below us looked like insects. The author's name was printed below the title. For further information on this subject, see below (= lower on the page or later in the book) . The ship's captain went below (= to the lower, covered part of the ship) . Do you usually wear your skirts above or below the knee? She has three people working below her (= people to whom she gives orders) . below adverb , preposition LESS 2. less than a particular amount or level They have three children below the age of (= younger than) four. His marks in English have been below average for some time now. The temperature has fallen below zero/freezing (= cooled to less than zero)recently. Last night it was eight degrees below (= eight degrees less than zero) .

beneath preposition BELOW

1. in or to a lower position than, under Jeremy hid the letter beneath a pile of papers. We huddled together for warmth beneath the blankets. After weeks at sea, it was wonderful to feel firm ground beneath our feet once more. Emma was so tired and hungry that her legs were beginning to give waybeneath her (= she was about to fall over) .

beneath preposition NOT GOOD ENOUGH beside preposition

1. at the side of, next to Come and sit here beside me. Our school was built right beside a river.

beside preposition
2. compared to another person or thing Those books seem rather dull beside this one. besides adverb , preposition in addition to; also Do you play any other sports besides football and basketball? She won't mind your being late - besides, it's hardly your fault. between preposition , adverb SPACE 1. in or into the space which separates two places, people or objects The town lies halfway between Rome and Florence. Standing between the two adults was a small child. She squeezed between the parked cars and ran out into the road. A narrow path ran in between the two houses. between preposition , adverb AMOUNT 2. If something is between two amounts, it is greater than the first amount but smaller than the second She weighs between 55 and 60 kilograms. The competition is open to children between six and twelve years of age.

The room was either extremely cold or hot, never anything in between (= in the middle) .

between preposition , adverb TIME

3. ( ALSO in between ) in the period of time which separates two different times or events You shouldn't eat between meals. There is a break of ten minutes between classes. The shop is closed for lunch between 12.30 and 1.30. In between sobs, he managed to tell them what had happened.

between preposition AMONG

1. among two or more people or things The money was divided equally between several worthy causes. We drank two bottles of wine between four of us. Trade between the two countries (= Their trade with each other) has increased sharply in the past year. There is a great deal of similarity between Caroline and her mother (= They are very similar) . You'll have to choose between (= choose either) a holiday or a new washing machine. She was torn between loyalty to her father and love for her husband (= She could not decide which one to support) .

between preposition AMONG

2. A discussion, argument or game between two or more people or groups of people involves both people or groups The negotiations between the union and management have broken down. There has always been a fierce rivalry between the two clubs. Tonight's game is between the New Orleans Saints and the Los Angeles Rams. 3. connecting two or more places, things or people There is a regular train service between Glasgow and Edinburgh. The survey shows a link between asthma and air pollution.

between preposition CONNECTING

between preposition CONNECTING

4. from one place to another He commutes daily between Leeds and Manchester.

between preposition SEPARATING

5. separating two places or things The wall between East and West Berlin came down in 1989. The report states that the gap between the rich and the poor has increased dramatically over the past decade. beyond preposition , adverb FURTHER AWAY 1. further away in the distance (than something) In the distance, beyond the river, was a small town. From the top of the hill we could see our house and the woods beyond. beyond preposition , adverb OUTSIDE A LIMIT 2. outside or after (a stated limit) Few people live beyond the age of a hundred. We cannot allow the work to continue beyond the end of the year. I've got nothing to tell you beyond (= in addition to) what I told you earlier. The repercussions will be felt throughout the industry and beyond (= in other areas) . Tonight's performance has been cancelled due to circumstances beyondour control (= events which we are unable to deal with) . She has always lived beyond her means (= spent more than she has earned) . beyond preposition , adverb NOT UNDERSTAND 5. INFORMAL If something is beyond you, you are unable to understand it I'm afraid physics is completely beyond me. but preposition , conjunction except Eventually, all but one of them promised to come to his leaving party. He's anything but violent (= not violent in any way) . I'd have crashed the car but for your warning. This is the last episode but one (= one before the last) of this drama serial. She's one of those guests who does nothing but complain. This car has been nothing but trouble - it's always breaking down!

by preposition CAUSE
1. used to show the person or thing that does something The motorcycle was driven by a tiny bald man. We were amazed by what she told us. I'm reading some short stories (written) by Chekhov. The book was translated by a well-known author. I felt frightened by the anger in his voice. 2. used to show how something is done They travelled across Europe by train/car. She did the decorating (all) by herself (= alone, without help from anyone) . We went in by (= through) the front door. Do you wish to be paid in cash or by cheque? He learned English by listen ing to the radio. Suddenly, she grabbed him by the arm (= took hold of this part of his body). I refuse to live by (= following) their rules.

by preposition METHOD

by preposition NOT LATER THAN

3. not later than; at or before She had promised to be back by five o'clock. The application must be in by the 31st to be accepted. By the time I got to the station the train had already gone. 4. used to show measurements or amounts Our office floor space measured twelve metres by ten (= was twelve metres in one direction and ten in the other) . Their wages were increased by 12%. Freelance workers are paid by the hour (= for every hour they work) . These telephones have sold by the thousand. 5. during We travelled by night and rested by day.

by preposition MEASUREMENT

by preposition DURING by preposition by preposition by preposition , adverb

near, at the side of or (in distance or time) past A small child stood sullenly by her side. He wanted to keep her close by him always. The policewoman walked by (= past) them without saying a word. The years flew by. c preposition ( ALSO ca ) WRITTEN ABBREVIATION FOR circa circa preposition ( WRITTEN ABBREVIATION c , ALSO ca ) FORMAL (used especially with years) approximately He was born circa 1600.

concerning preposition SLIGHTLY FORMAL

about I've had a letter from the tax authorities concerning my tax payments. considering preposition , conjunction , adverb used to mention a particular condition or fact about something, usually a disadvantage Considering the weather, we got here quite quickly. She did well to find the way, considering she'd only been there once before.

-cum- preposition
used to join two nouns, showing that a person or thing does two things or has two purposes; combined with This is my bedroom-cum-study.

despite preposition
1. without taking any notice of or being influenced by; not prevented by I still enjoyed the week despite the weather. Despite repeated assurances that the product is safe, many people have stopped buying it. [ + -ing verb ] He managed to eat a big lunch despite hav ing eaten an enormous breakfast.

despite preposition down preposition LOWER POSITION

1. in or towards a low or lower position, from a higher one I slid down the hill. Aikiko fell down some stairs and broke her wrist. 2. along We drove down the motorway as far as Bristol. Her office is down the corridor on the right. They sailed the boat down the river (= towards the sea) .

down preposition ALONG

down preposition TO
3. UK NOT STANDARD to I went down the pub with my mates.

during preposition THROUGH

1. from the beginning to the end of a particular period; throughout They work during the night and sleep by day. There were huge advances in aviation technology during World War Two.

during preposition AT SOME TIME IN

2. at some time between the beginning and the end of a period I woke up several times during the night. The programme will be shown on television during the weekend. ere preposition , conjunction LITERARY OR OLD USE before I shall be back ere nightfall. except preposition , conjunction not including; but not The museum is open daily except Monday(s). The government has few options except to keep interest rates high. It's cool and quiet everywhere except in the kitchen.

Everyone was there except for Sally. There is nothing to indicate the building's past, except (for) the fireplace. They look very similar except that one is a little taller. excepting preposition , conjunction FORMAL not including All the people who were on the aircraft have now been identified, excepting one.

excluding preposition
not including The aircraft carries 461 people excluding the crew and cabin staff.

failing preposition
if that is not possible Give her a book, or failing that , buy her something to wear. Appointments are available on the 2nd and the 6th of this month but failing either of those, we could fit you in on the 15th.

following preposition
after The weeks following the riots were extremely tense. Following the dinner, there will be a dance.

for preposition INTENDED FOR

1. intended to be given to There's a phone message for you. I'd better buy something for the new baby. There's a prize for the fastest three runners in each category. 2. having the purpose of There's a sign there saying 'boats for hire'. This pool is for the use of hotel residents only. I'm sorry, the books are not for sale. They've invited us round for dinner on Saturday. Everyone in the office is contributing money for his leaving present. I need some money for tonight. Which vitamins should you take for (= in order to cure) skin problems? Put those clothes in a pile for wash ing (= so that they can be washed) .

for preposition PURPOSE

for preposition BECAUSE OF

3. because of or as a result of something I'm feeling all the better for my holiday. "How are you?" "Fine, and all the better for see ing you!" She did fifteen years in prison for murder. I don't eat meat for various reasons. I couldn't see for the tears in my eyes. The things you do for love! He's widely disliked in the company for his arrogance. She couldn't talk for cough ing (= she was coughing too much to talk) . Scotland is famous for its spectacular countryside. He's best remembered for his novels. I didn't dare say anything for fear of (= because I was frightened of)offending him.

for preposition TIME/DISTANCE

5. used to show an amount of time or distance We walked for miles. She's out of the office for a few days next week. I'm just going to bed for an hour or so. I haven't played tennis for years.

for preposition OCCASION

6. on the occasion of or at the time of What did you buy him for Christmas? I'd like an appointment with the doctor for some time this week. We're having a party for Jim's 60th birthday. I've booked a table at the restaurant for nine o'clock.

for preposition COMPARING

7. used for comparing one thing with others of the same type She's very mature for her age. For every two people in favour of the law there are three against. The summer has been quite hot for England. It was a difficult decision, especially for a child. For a man of his wealth he's not exactly generous. 8. in support of or in agreement with I voted for the Greens at the last election. Those voting for the motion, 96, and those voting against, 54. So let's hear some applause for these talented young performers. Who's for (= Who wants to play) tennis?

for preposition SUPPORT

for preposition IN RELATION TO

10. in relation to someone or something Her feelings for him had changed. He felt nothing but contempt for her. I've got a lot of admiration for people who do that sort of work. He's quite good-looking but he's a bit too short for me. The ice-cream was a little bit sweet for me. That jacket looks a bit big for you. Jackie's already left and, as for me, I'm going at the end of the month. Luckily for me (= I was lucky) , I already had another job when the redundancies were announced. How are you doing for money/time (= have you got enough money/time) ? 12. (getting) in exchange How much did you pay for your glasses? I've sponsored her 1 for every mile that she runs. She sold the house for quite a lot of money. They've said they'll repair my car for 300. 13. being employed by or representing a company, country, etc She works for a charity. He used to swim for his country when he was younger.

for preposition PAYMENT

for preposition REPRESENTING

for preposition TOWARDS

14. towards; in the direction of They looked as if they were heading for the train station. Just follow signs for the town centre. This time tomorrow we'll be setting off for the States. It says this train is for (= going to stop at) Birmingham and Coventry only.

for preposition MEANING

15. showing meaning What's the Spanish word for 'vegetarian'? What does the 'M.J.' stand for? Maria Jose?

for preposition TO GET

16. in order to get or achieve I hate waiting for public transport. I had to run for the bus. Did you send off for details of the competition? I've applied for a job with another computer company.

for preposition DUTY

17. the duty or responsibility of As to whether you should marry him - that's for you to decide. It's not for me to tell her what she should do with her life. As to how many she invites, it's not really for me to say.

for preposition IN TROUBLE