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Coverage Problem Analysis

ISSUE 1.0
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Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: Learn how to analyze coverage problem and solve it Learn how to Improve coverage capability

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Chapter 1 Coverage problem types Chapter 2 Coverage analysis steps Chapter 3 Coverage improvement Chapter 4 Typical cases analysis

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Coverage problem types

Dead zone

Coverage hole

Coverage overshoot

Pilot pollution

Uplink/Downlink unbalance

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Coverage problem types

Dead zone
The zone in which pilot signal is lower than the minimum access level, e.g., valley, lift, tunnel, indoor zone of high buildings Solutions Adjust antenna for increasing coverage (using high gain antenna, increasing the height of the antenna, etc.) Add RRU (Radio Remote Unit) or repeater Add a new site (macro site or mini site) Use loss cable

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Coverage problem types

Coverage hole
The zone in which pilot signal is higher than the minimum access level but lower than the request of the services (voice, video phone PS64 etc.) Solutions Adjust antenna for increasing coverage (using high gain antenna, increasing the height of the antenna, etc.) Use RRU (Radio Remote Unit), repeater or mini site

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Coverage problem types

Coverage overshoot
The coverage of a site is more than the range of our plan Solutions Adjust the down tilt or azimuth of antenna Avoid the beam of antenna straight to the road Use the buildings around the site Reduce the power of CPICH channel to decrease coverage

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Coverage problem types

Pilot pollution
In some place, UE can receive so many pilots, but there is no one main pilot we can judge pilot pollution exist or not through following method: There are more than 3 cells which pilot signal level
CPICH _ RSCP > 95dBm

and (CPICH_ RSCP 1st CPICH_ RSCP 4th ) < 5dB

Solutions Adjust the position of sites or adjust antenna Reduce the power of CPICH channel Combine some sector or delete some sector if capacity is enough
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Coverage problem types

Uplink/Downlink unbalance
Interference of uplink can cause unbalance of uplink/downlink When downlink cell loading is too large, it can cause unbalance of uplink/downlink (cell breath)

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Chapter 1 Coverage problem types Chapter 2 Coverage analysis steps Chapter 3 Coverage improvement Chapter 4 Typical cases analysis

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Coverage analysis steps

Step 1: Preparation

Step 2: Drive test data analysis

Step3: Performance analysis

Step4: Signaling analysis

Step5: Consumer complaint analysis

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Step 1: Preparation
Coverage planning
Before coverage analysis, you must know some basic information, it include: The position of the sites The configuration of the sites The configuration of antenna (gain, direction, downtilt, etc.) The coverage planning of CPICH The loading distribution of different services

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Step 1: Preparation
Analysis tools
Drive test data analysis software: Genex Assistant Performance analysis tool: RNC traffic statistics console UL RTWP (Received Total Wideband Power) alarm console Test log

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Step 1: Preparation
Parameters related to coverage
CPICH TX Power MaxFACHPower Sintrasearch

SintersearchSsearchrat

PreambleRetransMax

FILTERCOEF IntraCellIndividualOffset RLMaxDLPwrRLMinDLPwr

Intra
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Step 2: Drive test data analysis

Downlink coverage analysis - Ec
Coverage hole

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Step 2: Drive test data analysis

Downlink coverage analysis - main cell

No main cell

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Step 2: Drive test data analysis

Drive test data comparison between UE and scanner

SHQ position

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Step 2: Drive test data analysis

Downlink coverage analysis - soft handover proportion

Pilot pollution

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Step 2: Drive test data analysis

Uplink coverage analysis uplink interference

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Step 2: Drive test data analysis

Uplink coverage analysis uplink power distribution

Uplink coverage limitation

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Step 3: Performance analysis

KPI Coverage problem can affect the following index: access successful rate congestion rate call drop rate HO successful rate Traffic distribution Too heavy traffic can cause coverage decrease (cell breath)

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Step 4: Signaling analysis

When call is dropped or handover is failure during drive test, we can use signaling tracing function to analyze the causes If the causes is Ec too low, it is coverage problem

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Step 5: Consumer complaint analysis

When some VIP consumer complain that they can not take a call in their room, maybe we need to go to their house to test if the receive signal is too weaker, it is coverage problem and we need to increase the signal strength level.

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Chapter 1 Coverage problem types Chapter 2 Coverage analysis steps Chapter 3 Coverage improvement Chapter 4 Typical cases analysis

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Coverage improvement
Site configuration adjustment

Sector adjustment

Diversity technologies

RRU, Repeater

TMA (Tower Mounted Amplifier)

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Site configuration adjustment

Different kinds of site can support different output and different capacity Site configuration Huawei NodeB can support Macro site: BTS3812E (indoor), BTS3812A (outdoor) Maximum output: 30W (support TD)/40W (not support TD) Support 11, 31, 32, 34, 62, etc Mini site: BTS3802C Maximum output: 20W (support TD) /30W (not support TD) Support 11, 12, 21 Distributed site: BBU & RRU

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RRU, Repeater
RRU (Radio Remote Unit): typical feeder loss is 2 3 dB. RRU makes RF part as close as possible to the antenna to reduce the feeder lost to the least
Fiber

Repeater: it is mainly used in areas where it is difficult to extend the coverage, or used as a lowcost solution for network construction

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TMA (Tower Mounted Amplifier)

TMA is recommended to be used under the conditions below A large coverage area, e.g. rural, suburban or highway, because UL coverage is limited for the most of time but DL coverage is usually not limited An area, e.g. dense urban or urban, according to RNP, DL capacity is not limited. UL sensitivity and coverage area can be increased by using TMA

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Chapter 1 Coverage problem types Chapter 2 Coverage analysis steps Chapter 3 Coverage improvement Chapter 4 Typical cases analysis

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Case 1: coverage hole

Case description
Through drive test map, it was found that Ec was less than -90dBm in some area

The area in which Ec<-90dBm

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Case 1: coverage hole

Case analysis
The area in which Ec<-90dBm

According to RNP, the coverage was also discontinuous

The distance between sites was too far

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Case 1: coverage hole

Case solution
The reason of this case was that the site position was unreasonable But in this area, the operator didnt want to build new site room, all of WCDMA sites should be installed in GSM site room, so we just could use some coverage improvement technologies Increasing output of site Increasing the height of antenna Adjust tilt angle A good network planning is the basis of coverage!

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Case 2: coverage overshoot

Case description
Through drive test map, it was found that the coverage of a site was too far Red color
showed the coverage of the site was too far

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Case 2: coverage overshoot

Case solution
Decreasing output of site Decreasing tilt angle Changing the direction of antenna Decreasing the height of antenna if possible

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Case 3: coverage limitation

Case description
It was found that the quality of Video Phone was very bad in a special position

Qos of VP badly in this position

WCDMA antenna

GSM antenna

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Case 3: coverage limitation

Case analysis
In this site, WCDMA and GSM site were installed in the same room. We tested GSM network signal and found it was very good. But the position of GSM antenna was near to the edge of the wall, and the position of WCDMA antenna was far from the edge of the wall Because the position of WCDMA antenna was far from the edge of the wall, the wall would affect the signal heavily

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Case 3: coverage limitation

Case solution
If possible, change the position of antenna If the antenna installation platform is too small, we must confirm one antenna is near to the edge of the wall

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Summary

Summary

Coverage problem types Coverage analysis steps: five steps Coverage improvement technologies Typical cases analysis

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Thank You
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