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MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATIC VEHICLE OVER SPEED INDICATION AND CONTROLLING SYSTEM
Submitted In Partial Fulfillment ForMinor Project of
Bachelor of Technology
In
Mechanical Engineering
Submitted to: Er. Ajay Sidana (HOD, ME) Er. Dinesh Mittal
Submitted by: Kundan Kumar Dutta (1137917) Ankit Raj (1137888) Md. NaeemAlam (1137920) Dravit Kumar (1137897)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me immense pleasure to present my minor project report before you. I thankfully acknowledge Er. Dinesh Mittal and Er. NAVDEEP MITTAL for giving me so many cooperations and thought lot of new things for me which will surely help in my future. A successful teaching can never be completed the efforts of single person but also demands the help and guardianship of some person who help the undersigned actively or passively in completion of successful training. I would like to convey my sincere thank to him. I extend my thanks to my college for giving me such an opportunity under the supervision of Er. Dinesh Mittal(ATPO) who is also an experienced person and Er. Ajay Sidana(H.O.D. of Mechanical Department).
ANKIT RAJ (1137888) DRAVIT ROY (1137897) KUNDAN K.RDUTTA(1137917) MD. NAEEM ALAM (1137920)
Contents
Title Page No.
Cover page Acknowledgement Contents Literature Survey Problem formulation Assessment for viability of project Objective and Methodology
1 2 3 4- 8 9 10 10- 12
LITERATURE SURVEY
Automatic braking is a technology for automobiles to sense an imminent collision with another vehicle, person or obstacle; or a danger such as a high brakes or by applying the brakes to slow the vehicle without any driver input. Sensors to detect other vehicles or obstacles can include radar, video, infrared, ultrasonic or other technologies. GPS sensors can detect fixed dangers such as approaching stop signs through a location database.
OPERATION
Automatic braking by the system after sensing an obstacle can be executed in two modes. In collision avoidance, the collision is avoided by the automatic braking, but the driver will not be warned in this type of system. There is a very good chance of wrongly interpreting the signals, especially in the case of radars or lasers. So this is not so effective method of automatic braking .In collision mitigation system, the sensors detect the possibility of collision but will not take immediate action. A warning will be sent to the driver in the form of a signal or a voice message. There is a threshold safe distance calculated by the system and if the driver fails to respond even when the vehicle crosses that region, then only brakes will be applied automatically. Even if there is a miss-interpretation of signals, there is no problem because, the decision to apply brakes is left with the driver and the brakes are applied automatically only in the most emergency situations. Many vehicles are provided with the option of turning on or off the automatic system based on their surroundings. In some automobiles even though they cannot be completely disabled, they can be limited to warning the driver about coming obstacle. Even this emergency braking initiates ABS which help the driver to retain the control over vehicle without any skidding. Automatic braking system is only effective if the mode of sensing the obstacles is reliable, or else any kind of false interpretation may cause a lot of damage.
New Collision Warning with Auto Brake helps prevent rear-end collisions
29 August 2007
Collision Warning with Auto Brake - including automatic braking when a rear-end collision is imminent Adaptive Cruise Control and Distance Alert - to help the driver keep a proper distance to the vehicle in front
Volvo Cars continues to address the problem of rear-end collisions by introducing Collision Warning with Auto Brake - a refined warning system that makes the car brake by itself if the driver doesn't act when a rear-end collision with a moving or stationary vehicle is imminent. "This can mean the difference between a serious injury and minor consequences for the occupants of both vehicles," says Ingrid Skogsmo, Director of the Volvo Cars Safety Centre. The new system will be available in the Volvo S80, V70 and XC70 at the end of 2007. Rear impacts represent a third of all reported accidents - and in more than 50 percent of these accidents, the driver doesn't brake at all. The new Collision Warning with Auto Brake (CWAB) initially warns the driver and pre-charges the brakes. The brakes are automatically activated if the driver doesn't act when a rear-end collision with a moving or stationary vehicle is imminent. Collision Warning with Auto Brake has an elevated technology level compared to the Collision Warning with Brake Support that was introduced in 2006.
light flashes in the head-up display on the windscreen. At the same time, an audible signal can be heard. This helps the driver react and an accident can be avoided in most cases. "The head-up display gives a clear and very efficient warning. The red light appearing on the windscreen in front of the driver produces the same gut-reaction effect as when you see a brake light in front of you", says Jonas Tisell. If the risk of a collision increases despite the warning, the brake support is activated. To shorten the reaction time the brakes are prepared by the brake pads being placed against the discs. The brake pressure is also reinforced hydraulically, ensuring effective braking even if the driver does not press the brake pedal particularly hard.
PROBLEM FORMULATION
As for Indian road transport scenario is concerned, accidents are becoming a day to day cause an attempt has been made in this project to reduce such mishaps. In our project a high speed indication is given and automatic braking is applied by cutting off the fuel supply to the engine when the setup speed is exceeded. In our project, we have used solenoid valve and a microcontroller unit. The alternations to be made to implement this project in the vehicles are also discussed. In this fast moving world accidents are becoming proportional to high speed. In this project we are dealing with the speed limit taking into consideration, the wheel speed. A speed limit, the electronic gets closed. This makes the solenoid valve to close, which is placed between the carburetor and the engine. The fuel supply is cutoff due to the action of solenoid valve that in turn decreases the speed. As soon as speed decreases the timer circuit disables the supply to the solenoid valve, which makes it to open and allows the fuel flow in a regular manner to the engine.
The rider while in action may drive in different speeds depending on his needs and his substance of mind. This may lead to negligence of visual indication of the speed that he is driving which in many incidents have proven to be a disaster. In our AUTOMATIC BREAKING SYSTEM the audible alarm is given to the rider against the high speed sop that he is brought to his senses from the deviation, the AUTOMATIC BREAKING SYSTEM enables the control limit and brings the vehicle to the safety limit. To prevent high speed in automobiles, To reduce the accidents caused be over speed, To provide smooth/steady drive throughout the ride, To provide additional brake in addition to the conventional breaking system, To reduce the fuel intake of the Engine, To reduce the deviation of the rider by the usage of alarm facility.
APPLICATIONS
Automatic braking system can be used in both light moving vehicles such as two wheelers as well as in heavy moving vehicles such as buses and trucks etc. Automatic breaking system is flexible enough to be used in any type of breaking system such as mechanical, hydraulic, vacuum and air brakes. Automatic breaking system can be implemented in institutional vehicles, taxis, driving school vehicles, etc.
ENGINE SPEED
BLOCK DIAGRAM
8 5 6 7
3 4
COMPONENTS
1. ENGINE 2. WHEEL 3. CARBURETOR 4. SOLENOID VALVE 5. SPEEDO METER 6. INDICATION LIGHT 7. CIRCUIT 8. FUEL TANK
COMPONENTS
1) Fuel tank 2) Fuel inlet tube 3) Exhaust tube 4) Engine 5) Wheel 6) Indication Panel 7) Connecting wire 8) Stand