L O G I S T I C R E G R E S SI O N

LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL

L I N E A R A P P R OX I M A T I O N I N T E R P R E TA T I O N

L I N E A R A P P R OX I M A T I O N I N T E R P R E TA T I O N

O D D S R A T I O I N T E R P R E TA T I O N

EXAMPLE # 1

EXAMPLE # 1

EXAMPLE # 1

O T H E R I N T E R P R E TA T I O N S

O T H E R I N T E R P R E TA T I O N S

C O N F I D E N C E I N T E R VA L F O R EFFECTS

SIGNIFICANCE TESTING

SIGNIFICANCE TESTING

C O N F I D E N C E I N T E R VA L F O R PROBABILITIES

S TA N D A R D E R R O R S O F M O D E L PA R A M E T E R E S T I M A T E S

EXAMPLE # 2

EXAMPLE # 2

LOGISTIC REGRESSION WITH CATEGORICAL PREDICTORS

LOGISTIC REGRESSION WITH CATEGORICAL PREDICTORS Assuming an absence of interaction, the effect of one factor is the same at each category of the other factor, i.e. the following are implications of the indicator variables in the model:

EXAMPLE # 3

EXAMPLE # 3

EXAMPLE # 3

A N OVA - T Y P E M O D E L R E P R E S E N TA T I O N

A N OVA - T Y P E M O D E L R E P R E S E N TA T I O N

MULTIPLE LOGISTIC REGRESSION

EXAMPLE # 4
We continue the analysis of the horseshoe crab data by using both the female crabs shell width and color as predictors. Color has five categories: light, medium light, medium, medium dark, dark. Color is a surrogate for age, older crabs tending to have darker shells. The sample contained no light crabs, so we use only the other four categories.

EXAMPLE # 4

EXAMPLE # 4

M O D E L C O M PA R I S O N (FOR TERM-CHECKING)

Q UA N T I TA T I V E T R E A T M E N T O F ORDINAL PREDICTORS It is advantageous to treat ordinal predictors in a quantitative manner, when such models fit well. The model is simpler and easier to interpret, and tests of the effect of the ordinal predictor are generally more powerful when it has a single parameter rather than several parameters.

EXAMPLE # 5

EXAMPLE # 5

ALLOWING INTERACTION
Similarly, one can fit a model allowing interaction between two or more predictors. This is contingent on the sensibility (and interpretability) of the resulting model. Note: For the horseshoe crab example, fitting the interaction model is equivalent to fitting the logistic regression model with width as the predictor separately for the crabs of each color. The reduced model has the advantage of simpler interpretations.

SUMMARIZING EFFECTS: P R O B A B I L I T Y- B A S E D

SUMMARIZING EFFECTS: P R O B A B I L I T Y- B A S E D To summarize the effect of an indicator explanatory variable, it makes sense to report the estimated probabilities at its two values rather than at quartiles, which could be identical.

EXAMPLE # 6

SUMMARIZING EFFECTS: S TA N DA R D I Z E D