aus;Zl;wifvm$

“vl&iS o f csKd if;rsm;ta}umif;” trnf&dS usaemf@.axmifwiG ;f Edik if aH &;tusO;f orm;b0

tawG@t}uHK rsm;ta}umif; a&;om;xm;onfh pmtkyt f m; pDpOfxw k af 0ay;aom Edik if jH cm;
a&;&maumfrwD/ ArmEdik if v H ;Hk qdik &f m ausmif;om;or*~rsm;tzGcJh sKyftm; vnf;aumif;/
,if;pmtkyt f wGuf rtm;vyfonf}h um;rS trSmpma&;om; ay;onfh q&mOD;wifah Zmftm;
vnf;aumif;/ ,ckpmtkyt f wGi;f Youfqikd o f nfh tcef;u¾rsm;Y ‚if;wdk@. axmiftawGt
}uHK rsm;tm; 0ifa&mufun l aD &;om;ay;=uonfh udo k m;nGe@f O;D / udak X;atmif/ udb k ek ;f jrifx
h eG ;f
ESifh udpk nfox l ÉG f tm;vnf;aumif;/ pmtkyt f m;jyifqifwnf;jzwfay;onfh
udak rmifarmifaxG;tm; vnf;aumif;/ pmtkyt f wGuf vdt k yfonfh yef;csyD rHk sm; a&;qGo J nfh
udak usm0f if;tm; vnf;aumif;/ rsuEf mS zH;k 'DZikd ;f tm; a&;qGaJ y;onfh udt k rd af 'gi;f eDtm;
vnf;aumif;/ Tpmtkyf a&;om;xkwaf 0Edik &f eftwGuf tzufzufrS 0dik ;f 0ef;ulnyD yhH ;kd =uolrsm;
tm;vH;k tm; aus;Zl; txl;wif&ySd gonf?
aevif; (t²u²o)

q&m@ Oa,smZOf
1988ckEpS f &Spaf v;vH;k ta&;awmfyu kH mvESihf &Spaf v;vH;k udk aoG;acsmif;pD; owfjzwf+zdKcGJ
tm%modr;f vdu k af om e0wppftpd;k & qef@usiaf &;vSyk &f mS ;rSk wav#mufv;kH wGif tajccH
ausmif;om;rsm;or*~/ twdak umuftm;jzifh tuoonf twufºuGq;Hk aom tzG@t J pnf;
jzpfonf?xdk@a=umifv h nf; e0w/ etz ppftpd;k &vufxufY zrf;qD;ESyd pf ufjcif;/ ESp&f n S af xmif
'%fcsrw S jf cif;cH&olrsm;xJwiG f tuoESiyhf wfouforl sm;rSm trsm;tjym;yg0ifaeonf?
ausmif;om;or*~rsm;onf jrefrmEdik if w H iG f wuUov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*~rS pwif
ay:aygucf jJh cif; jzpfonf? odk@aomf or*~emrnfucdk x H m;aomfvnf; vlrKS @a&;vkyif ef;rsm;/
taysmt f yg;tpDpOfrsm;udo k m tm&Hpk ;l pdu
k cf o hJ jzifh 1923ckEpS rf S pwifzGJ@pnf;cJah om &efuek f
wuUov dk o f r*~udk vlrKS @a&;toif;tzG@J tjzpfom rSww f rf;wifxm;=uonf?
Edik if aH &;&nfreS ;f csu&f oSd nfh &efuek w f uUov kd f ausmif;om;rsm;or*~udk 1931ckEpS f
wGipf wifzGJ@pnf;cJo h nf/ ausmif;om;xkxw J iG f or*~onf Edik if aH &;ESifh yufoufoif/h roifh
jiif;cHrk _ ESpt f wef=umjzpfymG ;cJ+h yD;rS jAdwed Ef ikd if /H jyifopfEikd if /H tdE, Nd Edik if w
H dk@ yg0ifaomEdik if H
trsm;tjym;&Sd ausmif;om;or*~rsm;udk avhvm+yD;rS ausmif;om;or*~onf Edik if aH &;ESifh ywf
oufzdk@vt dk yfonf/ odk@ro S m wdik ;f jynftusKd ;udk aqmif&u G af om tzGJ@jzpfrnfq+dk yD; wuUov dk f
ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ (wuo) Rangoon University Students Union (
RASU ) z@pGJ nf;yHu k adk &;qGu
J m ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;rS twnfjyK+yD;rS
wuoudpk wif zGJ@pnf;cJjh cif;jzpfonf?
1935-36 ckEpS w f iG f wuo OuUX udEk Ek iS fh td;k a0r*~Zif;t,f'w D m udak tmifqef; wdk@udk
wuUov dk f tm%mydik rf sm;u ta&;,lonfh udpEP iS fh ywfoufI 'kw, d t=udraf jrmuf
ausmif;om;oydwf jzpfymG ;cJo h nf? (1920 ckEpS f ausmif;om;oydwu f dk yxrt=udrf
ausmif;om;oydw[ f k ac:onf?)
'kw, d t}udraf usmif;om;oydww f iG f oydwpf cef;udk a&$w*d b Hk &k m; tv,fypP,H wpfae
&mwGix f m;cJ. h ? wuUov dk af usmif;om;oydwjf zpfaomfvnf; oydwpf cef;wGif vkyu f idk pf &m
rsm;udk txufwef;ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;uom vma&mufaqmif&u G =f u&onf?
txufwef;ausmif;om;rsm;om ryg0ifygu oydwaf umfrwD. vkyif ef;aqmifwmrsm;
tcufawG@bdk@aocsmonf? oydwu f kd vlxak xmufcrH &_ atmif pnf;&H;k v_H@aqmf&mwGiv f nf;
txufwef;ausmif;om;rsm;. yg0ifru _ t"du jzpfco hJ nf?
'kw, d t}udraf usmif;om;oydw. f tawG@t}uHKud, k +l yD; wpfEidk if v
H ;Hk wGif txufwef;
ausmif;om; or*~rsm;zGpJh nf;zdk@vt dk yfonf[k oabmwlq;kH jzwfum txufwef;ausmif;rsm;Y
ausmif;om;or*~rsm; zGJ@pnf;=uonf? +Adwo d # tpd;k &uvnf; cGijfh yKxm;cJo h nf? 1936-
37ckEpS x f w J iG f txufwef;ausmif;om; or*~rsm;. ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; tpnf;a0;udk usi;f y+yD;
ArmEdik if q H idk &f mausmif;om;or*~ (Auo)udpk wifz@JG pnf; vdu k }f uonf? yxrqH;k OuUXtjzpf
udvk aS rmifudk a&G;aumufwifajrSmuf}uonf? aemufwESpw f iG f udak tmifqef; OuUX jzpfvm
onf?
tzGcJ sKyfudk ArmEdik if v H ;Hk qdik &f mausmif;om;or*~(Auo) All Burma Stu-
dents'Union [kac:onf? ausmif;wausmif;csi;f tvdu k /f +rdK@e,for*~/ c&dik o f r*~ponfjzifh
tqifq h ifzh GJ@pnf;onf? or*~emrnfrsm;udk Oyrmtm;jzifh Adv k w f axmiftxufwef; ausmif;
om;rsm;or*~[k ausmif;trnfwyfI ac:jcif;rStpjyK+yD; +rdK@e,ftrnf/ c&dik w f yfI tqifq h ifh
ac:qd=k uonf? xdo k r*~rsm;onf tajccHynm txufwef; ausmif;om;rsm; or*~jzpf
aomfvnf; xdpk Ofu tajccH[al om trnfukd toH;k jyKjcif;r&Scd ?Jh
AuowGif wuUov dk Ef iS fh aumvdyo f r*~rsm;onf tzGJ@0ifr[kw=f u? Auoonf
wpfEidk if v H ;Hk &Sd ausmif;om;rsm;udk ud, k pf m;jyKonfh tzGJ@jzpf&rnf? xdk@a=umifh wuUov dk /f
aumvdyo f r*~rsm; yg0ifvmEdik f atmif zG@J pnf;yHOk ya'jyifqifr&_ &Sd rnf[k qH;k jzwf+yD; 1951-52
ckEpS w
f iG f ArmEdik if v H ;Hk qdik &f mausmif;om; or*~rsm;tzG@J csKyf(Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf) All Burma
Federation of Students' Unions (ABFSU)[ktrnfajymif;cJ=h uonf?
odk@aomf wuUov dk o f r*~rsm;onf Auorsm;tzG@J csKyf. w&m;0iftzGJ@jzpfzdk@twGuf
oufqidk &f m or*~rsm;. zGJ@pnf;yHOk ya'udk ajymif;&OD;rnfjzpf&m vufawG@wiG jf yifqif&
cufco J jzifh zJ@pG nf;yHk pnf;rsO;f jyifqifrr_ sm; ,aehwikd +f yD;qH;k jcif;r&Sad o;yg? AuowGif 1962
ckEpS u
f acgi;f aqmifjzpfc=Jh uaom OuUXudo k uf/ taxGaxG twGi;f a&;r_;udw k ifxeG ;f wdk@rmS
wuUov dk af usmif;om;rsm; jzpf=uaomfvnf; wuoud, k pf m;r[kwyf J wpfO;D csi;f tae wif
ajrSmufc=H u&jcif;jzpfonf?
txufwef;ausmif;rsm;. ynma&;udk wuUov kd yf nma&;[kac:aom txufwef;
ynmESifh a&maxG;r_jzpfavh&jSd cif;a=umifh tajccHynmtxufwef;[k toH;k jyK&ef t}uHOm%fudk
ausmif;om;rsm;u pwifay;cJ=h ujcif; jzpfonf/ 1958ckEpS f =o*kwv f twGi;f u oef@&iS ;f
zqyvtpd;k &vufxuf wuo taqmuftOD;tpnf;ta0;cef;rwGif usi;f ycJah om “
jrefrmEdik if v H ;Hk qdik &f m ausmif;om;rsm; ynma&; ES;D aESmzvS,yf GJ ”wGif pwift}uHay;cJ=h ujcif;
jzpfonf? xdEk ;SD aESmzvS,yf rGJ S xGuaf y:vmaom pmwrf;rsm;onf 0ef}uD;csKyf OD;Ek.tpd;k &
tzGJ@uyif cs;D usL;pum; ajymcJ&h onftxd jynfph ckH o hJ nf? tqifjh rifch o Jh nf? odk@aomfausmif;
om;rsm; ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG +y;Dq;Hk Iwpfvausmt f =umwGif Adv k cf sKyf ae0if;acgiaf qmif
aomppfwyfu OD;Ekut dk =uyfuikd +f yD; tdraf pmift h pk;d &zGJ@coJh jzifh xdyk nma&;ES;D aESmzvS,f
yGrJ cS srwS af om pmwrf;rsm;rSm vspv f #LjyKjcif; cHomG ;&onf? xdpk mwrf;xJrmS
tcsut f vufwcsKd @udk rqvvufxufwiG f ynma&;0ef}uD; a'guw f mnDnu D
1964ckEpS Yf pwifaom ynma&; pepfopfwiG f ,lo;Hk cJ&h mrS tajccHynma&;/
tajccHynmtxufwef; ponfh toH;k tES;Hk rsm; acwfpm;vmcJjh cif;jzpfonf?
1988ckEpS f =o*kwv f 28&ufae@u Auorsm;tzG@J udk wuotaqmuftOD;a[mif;
ae&mwGizf GJ@pnf;cJ+h yD;aemuf txufwef;ausmif;om;rsm;u rdrw d dk@ausmif;tvdu k /f +rdK@e,ft
vdu k of r*~zGJ@pnf;vdu k af omtcg tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm; or*~(tuo)trnfudk oH;k cJh
=u&mrS ,ae@ tuotzGJ@rsm; ay:ayguaf ejcif; jzpfonf?
u|eaf wmfwifjyvdak om ordik ;f twdck sKyfu=kd unfjh cif;tm;jzifh tuo tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;
onf 1936-37ckEpS u f wnf;u ay:aygucf ahJ =umif; Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;wdk@u, dk wf idk Of ;D pD;zGJ@
pnf;cJ=h ujcif;jzpfa=umif; odEidk =f uygvrd rfh nf? tuoonf eHrnfom topfwckjzpf aeaomf
vnf; pwifzGJ@pnf;cJo h nfrmS =umjrifv h yS g+yD? vGwv f yfa&;wdu k yf GJ tqifq h ifw
h iG f wufºuGyg
0ifc=Jh uaom tzGJ@jzpfco Jh nf?
1941ckEpS u f ArmvGwv f yfa&;wyfrawmf (BIA) udk Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef; OD;aqmif
zf GJ@pnf;pOfu &Jabmfo;Hk usw d 0f iftcsKd @EiS f@ t&m&Srd sm; trsm;pkw@kd rmS tuo acgi;f aqmifrsm;
tuotzGJ@0ifrsm;jzpf=uonf? BIAordik ;f tpydik ;f udk aoaocsmcsm avhvmcGi&hf olrsm;tzdk@
Ttcsuyf I dk xif&mS ;vmygvrd rfh nf? tuoonf jrefrmEdik if . H Edik if aH &;ordik ;f wGif ta&;
ygaom tzGJ@jzpfonf? wyfrawmfayguzf mG ;&mwGif tajccHZpfjrpfvnf;jzpfonf?
1988ckEpS f tm%modr;f r_jzpfymG ;+yD;aemuf e0wvufxufwiG f tuorsm;zGJ@pnf;jcif;/
vSyk &f mS ;jcif;rsm;udk =um;&od&aomtcg u|eaf wmft h zdk@ jrefrmordik ;f a=umif;twdik ;f qufvuf
jzpfymG ;jcif; wcktjzpf em;vnfygonf? ordik ;f ay;wm0efudk vli,fav;rsm; pGe@f peG @f pm;pm;
xrf;aqmif=ujcif;[k jrifygonf// tajccH ynmausmif;om;rsm;jzpfI Edik if aH &;todawmh
tm;enf;r_&rSd nf? xdak =umifh vkyif ef;rsm;wGif tcuftcJ&rSd nf[v k nf; ar#mrf eS ;f xm;cJ@onf?
tuo pnf;&H;k a&;vkyaf qmiforl sm;ESihf vufawG@}uHKqH&k aomtcg tcsKd @rmS u|eaf wmf
ar#mv f ifxh m;onfxuf Edik if aH &;tm;aumif;onf/ cH,cl sujf ywfom;onf? ZG/J owWd jyif;xef
onf?
tuoacgi;f aqmiftjzpf Auorsm;tzG@J csKyfo@kd wifajrSmufjcif;cH&+yD; wm0ef,cl J@aom
ausmif;om;rsm;xJrS wpfa,mufjzpfaom udak evif;udk u|eaf wmf 1998 ckEpS f Ed0k ifbmv
twGi;f u pwifawG@qcHk J@onf? oltzrf;cH&+yD; ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rsm;/ axmifr;_ axmif=uyf
axmif0g'grsm;. !Si;f yrf;yHrk sm;udk =um;&aomtcg u|eaf wmf&h ifwiG ;f rSm yljyif;pGmcHpm;&onf?
u|eaf wmfO;D aESmufa=umrsm; jywfxu G rf wwf wif;rmoGm;onf? u|eaf wmf. ud, k af wG@
cHpm;csuEf iS fh E_id ;f pm=unf&h if; qwfqwfcg emusn;f rdonf?
u|eaf wmfonf 1956-57 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov dk af usmif;om;rsm; or*~acgi;f aqmif jzpf
cJ+h yD; 1958ckEpS f rSpI wuUov dk qf &mtjzpf ig;ESpw f ikd af tmif trSx k rf;cJ+h yD;rS ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh
eD;pyfveG ;f onfq+dk yD; rqvu zrf;qD;cJo h nf? axmif'%ftjypfay;jcif;awmhrvkyyf J axmifxJ
rSm 9ESpef ;D yg;xm;onf? !Si;f yrf;ESyd pf ufonf? udu k ;kd u|e;f odk@ydk@onf?
tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif;om;t&G,w f iG f tzrf;cH&ojzifh udak evif; tzrf;cH&
onfh t&G,rf mS i,fveG ;f vSonf? od@k aomf ol@!iS ;f yrf;ESyd pf ufr_@rsm;rSm u|eaf wmfw@kd xufq;dk
onf? 'gujdk ynfoal wG odapcsio f nf? urBmuodapcsio f nf?
yg;uGut f m%mom;wdk@. nSi;f yef;ESu d pf ufru _ okd mru vli,fav; udak evif;ESifh
ol@vyk af zmf udik zf ufrsm; &ifqidk =f uyH/k awG;ac:=uyH/k cdik rf mjywfom;=uyH/k pnf;vH;k =uyH/k cHEidk &f nf/
ZG/J owW&d dSyEHk iS fh cufc=J urf;wrf;vSaom tcuftcJrsm;&ifqikd &f yHrk sm;udk jrefrmjynforl sm;ESifh
urBmrS ydI k odapcsio f nf?
Tpmtkyw f iG f udak evif;. wifjyxm;csurf sm;onf jrefrmjynforl sm;ESiu fh rBmrS
pdwyf g0ifpm;olrsm;twGuf omru ppftm%m&Sipf epf. csKyfuikd t f oH;k csru _ dk cHae=u&aom
&d;k om;onfh wyfrawm/f wyfrKS ;/ wyfom;taejzifv h nf; jrefrmEdik . f tem*gwt f wGi;f
rSeu f efaom vrf;a=umif;udk &Sm}uHawG;awm=u&mY rsm;pGmtusKd ;jyKEdik rf nf[k u|eaf wmf
,H=k unfygonf?

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u|eaf wmfaxmifuxGuv f muwnf;u e0wvufxufrmS axmifusc&H cJw h Jh Edik if aH &;

tusO;f orm;awGta=umif;/ e0wvufxuftusO;f axmifrsm;ta=umif;awGudk jyifyurBm
&Sw d Jh jrefrmjynfojl ynfom;awGudk ajymjycsicf ahJ yr,fh tajctaeray;cJyh g?
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k af 0zdk@ tqifrajyjzpfcyJh gw,f?
1996-97 0ef;usiaf vmufrmS e0w vufxuftusO;f axmifrsm; ta=umif;eJ@
yufouf+yD; ud0k if;Edik Of ;D a&;om;cJw h hJ Cries from Insein pmtkyx f u
G af y:vmcJI h zwf&Sk
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h a=umif;awG xkwaf zmfziG [ hf zd@k yd+k yD;pdwtf m;
xufoefvmcJw h ,f?
usaemfaxmifuvGwaf jrmufvm+yD;aemufyikd ;f e0wvufxuf tusO;f axmifawGxu J
Edik if aH &; tusO;f orm;awG&J@ qd;k 0g;jyif;xefvw S hJ b0awGta=umif; *Ce%od&o Sd al wG/ em;
vnfoal wGrawG@&ygb;l ? ppftpd;k &tusO;f axmifuae vGwaf jrmufvmwJo h l awmfawmf
rsm;rsm;yif olwdk@&ifqidk }f uHKcJw h mawG zGichf sz@kd twGuf rsm;pGmtcuftcJ &Scd yJh gonf?
Edik if aH &;tusO;f orm;qd&k if axmifxrJ mS aumif;aumif;rGerf eG af e&w,f/ pm;&w,fvdk@
oabmaygux f m;=uwJh jynfoal wGukd ,H=k unfcsuaf =umifh tusO;f axmifawGxrJ mS Eke,f
vSwb Jh 0awGu&dk if;+yD; wdu k yf 0GJ ifae=uwJh Edik if aH &;tusO;f orm;awGta=umif;/ qd;k &Gm;vSwJh
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xm;jcif;jzpfI jynfph rHk nf[rk cH,yl g? tm;enf;csurf sm;&Srd nfqo dk nfuv dk nf; &d;k &d;k om;om;
0efcaH =umif; ajymcsiyf gw,f?
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tusO;f axmifrsm;wGif usaemf=um;cJ&h pOf jrefrmjynf 'Dru dk a&pDa&;twGuf tm;tifrsm;
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ta=umif;t&m pmrsuEf mS
aus;Zl;wifvm$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5)
q&mh&Jh Oa,smZOf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (7)
pma&;olajymcsiw f pJh um; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (13)
tcef;(1)
(u) ausmif;om;xk nDvmcH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (15)
(c) tuo wdk@&Jh qdik ;f bkwjf zKwfyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16)
(*)wdr;f a&Smif+yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (17)
(C)rzrf;rcH&cif wpf&uftvdk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (19)
tcef;(2)
(u) oajyrSm tzrf;cH&+yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(22)
(c) ppfa=uma&;udk jzwfoef;pOf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (24)
(*) eH&aH wGay:u aºuG;a=umfoaH wG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (29)
(C) tdro f mxJu aomufa& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (32)
(i)a,mufzudk =uufOwdu k jf cif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(34)
(p) tr_waGJ wGeJ@ twltcsKyfodk@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (39)
tcef;(3)
(u) tcsKyfaxmifrmS vlp+Hk yD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (42)
(c) pwD;0yfrmS &H;k xkww f aJh e@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (44)
(*) 5(n)awGudk cd;k r_y'k rf wyfawmh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (47)
(C) jcifaxmifawG/ arG@,mawG&wJah xmif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(49)
(i)b0oHo&meJ@ 5(n)awGb0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(50)
(p) &ref,+l yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(52)
(q) ppfc&Hk ;Hk rSm wdik ;f jynfucdk spw f o Jh al wG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(53)
tcef;(4)
(u) tyfxnftvkycf &H jcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(55)
(c) us;D uef;rsKd ;awG&Jh awmif,mavbm tefwyk JG . . . . . . . . . . . . .(57)
(*) ppfacG;wdu k u f i&Jcef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (59)
(C) ppfacG;wdu k rf mS ae@pOf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (63)
(i)ppfacG;wdu k u f tjyef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (66)

ta=umif;t&m pmrsuEf mS
tcef;(5)
(u) rpm;oifw h Jh toD;pm;rdvdk@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (68)
(c) axmifwiG ;f edp"P 0l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (69)
(*) tm;vH;k aumif;ygw,f q&m}uD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(72)
(C) td;k pm;ta=umif;/ +*dKvfta=umif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (73)
(i)+*dKvfzrf;enf; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(75)
(p) +*dKvfjzpfatmifvyk jf cif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(77)
tcef;(6)
(u) axmifwiG ;f Adv k v f yk GJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (80)
(c) oGm;emaevdk@ vlowfwm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (82)
(*) }udK;rdef@eJ@raoyJ aygujf ym;eJ@ ao&ol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(85)
tcef;(7)
(u) axmifaq;&Hq k o dk nfrmS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (90)
(c) vlowfq&m0ef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(93)
tcef;(8)
(u) tdwcf st f idk Af aGD &m*g yd;k ysH@ESH@yHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(96)
(c) &efuek +f rdK@ &Jb
h ed ;f pcef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(98)
tcef;(9)
(u) uGypf yd q f &m r[mbkwf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(101)
(c)axmiftwGi;f bk&m;wnf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(103)
(*) a&'D,0dk ,fay;rdvdk@ axmifusvmwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(105)
(C) axmifwiG ;f aiGa=u; vJv, S pf epf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (106)
(i)axmifpm&if;awGc;dk xkwaf wmh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (108)
tcef;(10)
(u) axmifajymif;+yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(115)
(c) o&ufaxmiftoGm; vrf;c&D;rSm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(122)
(*) [if;aumif;vdk@xrif;awmif;wm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(126)
(C) axmifw&m;pD&ifcef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(129)
tcef;(11)
(u)axmif0ifpmwdu k yf GJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(131)
(c) axmif0ifpmyHpk w H u dk yf GJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(137)
ta=umif;t&m pmrsuEf mS
tcef;(12)
(u) o&ufaxmifwiG ;f oufaoxGuq f ckd suf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(142)
(c) tnmc&D;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(155)
tcef;(13)
(u) axmifwiG ;f owif;pm/ twdt k xGm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(167)
(c) udtk u dk u
f dk aoqH;k r_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(169)
tcef;(14)
(u) &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; acgi;f jzwfowfr_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(174)
(c) trsKd ;om;nDvmcHeJ@ wdu k yf w
d 'f %f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(176)
tcef;(15)
wGzJ ufaxmifow H idk =f um;u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (184)
tcef;(16)
a'geawmifrmS aewJh awmifay:om;awG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(191)
tcef;(17)
ydËud wfuzdk suw f Jh ºuGupf wk f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(201)
tcef;(18)
usaemfocd zJh ;l wJh olawGxu J trSww f &rdwaf qGrsm;
(u) OD;tke;f jrifh (ocifO;D tke;f jrif/h wd;k wufa&; ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(213)
(c) OD;pdev
f (S Adv
k pf ed of rH %d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(215)
(*) q&mawmfO;D a&0w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (216)
(C) &Jausmpf mG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(224)
tcef;(19)
(u) o&ufaxmifu vGww f aJh e@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(226)
(c) xGuaf wmfrl eef;ucGm+yD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(227)

rSwwf rf;"mwfyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (230)

o&uftusO;f axmifyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(231)
o&uftusO;f axmifwiG f a&qGaJ vbm yef;csyD kH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(232)
o&uftusO;f axmif. taqmifyef;csyD kH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(233)
wdu
k yf pHk rH sm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(234)s
tcef;(1)

ausmif;om;xknv
D mcH
(u)
tcsed u f mvu 1990 ckEpS xf rJ mS ayg@? arvu ppftpd;k &u
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tav;omaecsed yf J jzpfygw,f? usaemfw@kd jrefrmEdik if &H J@ &moDOwkawGxu J rd;k wGi;f umv[m
'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkawG&J@ oauFwvuQ%mwpfcv k dk@ qd&k rvdyk gy?J
rd;k wGi;f umveJ@ jrefrmEdik if H 'Dru kd a&pDvykS &f mS ;rS[ k m qufpyfaeygw,f? e0wppftpd;k &&Jh
nSi;f yrf;/ ESyd pf uf/ zrf;qD;rSak =umifh rif;udEk ikd t f ygt0if ausmif;om;trsm;tjym;
zrf;qD;cHae&ovd/k ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&; &J@ nSi;f yrf;ESyd pf ufr'Sk %fawGudk rcH&yfEidk af wmhvdk@
e,fpyfa'orsm;qDudk wdr;f a&SmifomG ;=uwJh ausmif;om; rsm;vnf;&Scd yJh gw,f?
jyeff@}uJaewJ@ausmif;om;rsm;/ tzG@J tpnf;rsm;udk &efuek rf suEf mS pmrSm
pkpnf;Edik zf dk@twGuf rEWav;+rdK@ av;jyifav;&yf oHCmor*~t D zGJ@ OuUX
OD;a&0wESiAfh uo(txufArmjynf) rSausmif;om;/ vli,fu, dk pf m; vS,rf sm;jzpf=uonfh
rd;k ausmOf ;D / udpk ef;,k/ udrk if;rif;OD;/ rcifOrRmjrif/h rjrifjh rifch ikd f pwJrhJ EWav;uausmif;om; xkrsm;&Jh
yHyh ;dk / uln/D }udK;yrf;rSjk zifh &efuek jf rdK@ &Sad usmif;om;tzGt hJ pnf;rsm;pkpnf;um uspv f pfcidk rf maom
ArmEdik if q H idk &f m ausmif;om;r*~rsm;tzG@J csKyf (atmufArmjynf) udjk yefvnfzGJ@pnf;I
ArmEdik v f ;Hk qdik &f m ausmif;om;xk nDvmcH}uD;udk 1990ckEpS /f ZGevf (28)&ufae@rS
Zlvidk v f (2)&ufae@ txd rEWav;+rdK@ jrawmif bke;f }uD;ausmif;wku d rf mS usi;f yjyKvkycf w Jh ,f?
tJ'n D v D m}uD;uae+yD; ausmifom;xkrS awmif;qdck su(f 6)csu/f twnfjyKcsu(f 3)&yf/
a&S@vyk if ef;pOf (3)&ufcsrw S Ef idk cf yJh gw,f? tJ't
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nDvmcH}uD;uae twnfjyKcsrw S x f m;cJw h hJ rl(5)csuu f dk qufvuf udik q f +GJ yD;
txufArmjynfausmif;om;rsm;eJ@ atmufArmjynfausmif;om;rsm; [efcsun f n D yD ;l aygi;f +yD;
ppftm%m&Sipf epfudk wdu k yf 0GJ ifomG ;zd@k ausmif;om;xku oH"Xd mefawGcsrw S cf J@w,f?
tJ'aD e&mrSm AuotzGJ@csKyf&hJ csrw S x f m;wJrh (l 5)csuu f awmh......
(1)? ausmif;om;xktcGit fh a&;umuG,af &;
(2)? 'Dru dk a&pDynma&;
(3)? 'Dru dk a&pDa&;
(4)? jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;
(5)? trsKd ;om;a&; ...wdk@yjJ zpfw,f?
tuowdk@&Jh qdik ;f bkwjf zKwfyGJ

(c)
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ppftpd;k &uae+yD; ausmif;om;awG[m Edik if aH &;eJ@rywfouf&bl;vd@k ajymqdjk yD;awmh olwdk@
ppftpd;k &&J@ ay:vpDjzpfwJh 'dk@wm0efta&;(3)yg; qdik ;f bkwaf wGukd &efuek jf rdK@rmS &Sw d Jh
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ausmif;awGtESH@ pnf;&H;k a&;awGjyKvkycf w hJ ,f? tJ'gawGurdk auseyf=uwJh
tajccHausmif;om;/ ausmif;olawG[m &efuek /f rEWav; pwJjh rdK@}uD;awGrmS ppftpd;k &&Jh
'dk@wm0efta&;(3)yg;qdik ;f bkwjf zKwfcsyaJG wG/ ppftpd;k &qef@usiaf &;yGaJ wG jyKvkycf =Jh uwmudk
awG@jrifc&Jh w,f? tJ't D csed rf mS awmh &efuek jf rdK@rmS qd&k if Adv k w f axmiftrSw(f 5)eJ@ trSw(f 6)
txufwef;ausmif;awGrmS ppftpd;k &&Jh 'd@k wm0efta&;(3)yg; qdik ;f bkwaf wGudk
ausmif;om;awGyJ &du
k cf sKd ;/ zsuq f ;D / jzKwfcsraSk wG t&Sed rf jywfjyKvkyEf idk =f uovk/d
rEWav;+rdK@rmS vnf;yJ tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif; wpfcrk mS qd&k if ausmif;0if;twGi;f rSm
&Swd Jh rqv tpd;k &&Jt h vHudk tvHwidk u f ae jzKwfcscw hJ ,f?
+yD;awmh tJ't D vHudk ajcaxmufrmS csn+f yD; ppftpd;k &udq k ef@usiq f EMjycJw h Jh
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ausmif;uae xkwyf ,fccH &Jh w,f?
wpfcsed wf nf;rSmyJ 'Dvdk tvm;wljzpf&yfawG[m &efuek w f idk ;f twGi;f rSm&Sw d Jh +rdKe,fawG
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+rdKe,fawGrmS jzpfymG ;cJyh gw,f?
urm&Gw+f rdK@e,f trSw(f 5)tajccHynm txufwef;ausmif;rSmqd&k if usm;av;
qdo k nfh tajccHynm ausmif;om;wpfO;D rS OD;aqmif+yD; 'd@k wm0efta&;oH;k yg; qdik ;f bkwu f dk
ausmif;0if;twGi;f uae jzKwfcscw Jh ,f? +yD;awmh tJ'q D idk ;f bkwu f dk rD;&Sw dk tJh xd jzpfymG ;cJw h ,f?
prf;acsmif;jrdK@e,frmS qd&k ifvnf; tJ'q D ikd ;f bkwu f kd jzKwfcs+yD; ausmif;tqif;rSm qENjycJ=h uw,f?
ausmif;om;awGu “vlawGtm;vH;k Auy/ acG;awGtm;vH;k e0w”vkd@aºuG;a=umfc=Jh uw,f?
'Dvakd ºuG;a=umfou H dk Adv k cf ifne$ @f wpfa,muf =um;wJt h cgrmS aqG@aqG@cek +f yD;
q&mtwwfoifoyd H̀ ausmif;u q&m/q&mrawGukd ac:,l+yD; 'gawG[mq&m/ q&mrawG
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qGr;f avmif;yGrJ mS ppftpd;k &u &uf&ufpufpuf ypfcwfErSd ef if;wma=umifh oHCmawmfawG&J@
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wdr;f a&Smif+yD

(*)
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tajccHynm ausmif;om;ausmif;olawGukd e0w ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;awGu pwifzrf;qD;
wmawG jyKvkyaf eyg+yD? a'gykH +rdK@e,f/ '*H+k rdk@e,f/ Adv k w f axmif+rdK@e,fawGu
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rsm;vmwma=umifh usaemfwdk@uvnf; ud, k t
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ae&m&Sm}u&ygw,f?
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S ;f wef; *H;k qif;em;u tdrrf mS oGm;tdyf
cJyh gw,f? tJ'aD e@[m usaemftzrf;rcH&cif wpf&uftvdrk mS yJ jzpfygw,f? rSwrf w S &f &
usaemftyd rf t Jh rd rf mS (&uo)u ud+k zdK;(+zdK;rif;ode;f ) (,ck awmifial xmifrmS axmif'%f
(14)ESpu f scaH e&ol)eJ@ =unfjh rifaumvdyu f udo k ufaxG; wdk@eJ@ qHjk zpf=uygw,f?
ud+k zdK;u usaemfu h dk “rif;owdxm;aeOD;aemf/ &Jarmfx;l wa,muf aysmufaew,f
=um;w,f? rif;eJ@ aumawG@ jzpfao;ovm;”vdk@ar;ygw,f? usaemfvnf;
“rawG@b;l / wpfae&mrSmyJ yke;f aeovm;/ zrf;bJac:oGm;+yDvm; rodao;ygb;l ?
owif;=um;&if usaemfajymygrh ,f”
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awG@csivf dk@wJh pmvnf;ay;vdu k w
f ,f? zwf=unf+h yD; oGm;vdu k yf gO;D ”qd+k yD; pmudxk w
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pmuawmh rEWav;+rdK@ rSm(8888)ESpyf wfvnfae@u ppftpd;k &u &uf&ufpufpuf
owfjzwfcw Jh u Jh pd eP J@ yufouf+yD; usaemfu h kd tultnD awmif;xm;wJh pmyg?
 pmudk tdwx f jJ yefxnf+h yD; tdr&f iS u f aus;G wJh 0ufacgi;f okwef @J xrif;udk usaemfwdk@
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tdr&f iS u f
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rEd;k cif igwdk@trd f jyefvmtdy=f u” qd+k yD; tdr&f iS v f yk of u l usaemfwdk@udk wzGzrG mS ygw,f?
“ausmcsp&mae&m wpfae&mvHjk cHK&if +yD;wmygyAJ sm” vdk@usaemfw@kd jyefajym+yD;
tdr&f iS jf zpfol vdu k yf dk@wJh tdref m;u bke}f uD;ausmif;rSm pwnf;csc=hJ uygw,f? tJ'D bke;f }uD;
ausmif;xJrmS vlprd ;f 0if&if atmfwwfvdk@ acG;awGxuf pdwcf sr&Sk w Sd Jh ief;awGarG;xm;w,f? tJ'D
wpfnawmh bke;f }uD;ausmif;rSm tdy+f yD; aemuf wae@ tm&k%q f rG ;f ruyfcif ausmif;wdu k u f ae
tomav; xvmcJ=h uw,f?
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wpftrd v f ;Hk rSm&Sw d Jh olawGtm;vH;k jyL;wl;+yJwrJ suEf mS awGeJ@ useG af wmfwdk@udk =unfah ew,f?
+yD;awmhrt S rd &f iS jf zpfou l
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eifwdk@udk vm&Smw,f? nu eifw@kd t0iftxGuyf /J axmufvrS ;f a&;awG/ &JawG/ &0wawG
wtdrv f ;Hk udk ydw&f mS =uwm? eifwdk@urkd aw@v G dk@ a'gy+G yD; tdrx f rJ mS tdyaf ewJh olawG
tm;vH;k udx k cdik ;f / olwdk@ppfzed yfawGe@J jcifaxmifawGudk uef+yD;&Sm=uav&J?h
owif;twdtus&+yD;rS eifwdk@urkd awG@wt hJ wGuf eifwdk@ b,fomG ;vnf;vdk@ar;w,f?
wpftrd v f ;Hk u b,forl S rvmbl;vdk@ ajzwmayg?h tJ'D awmhaxmufvrS ;f a&;u
rdvkd@uawmhumG / wpftrd v f ;Hk udzk rf;+yD; ta&cGcH mG jzpfr,fvdk@ used ;f w,f? aemuf+yD;
tdraf tmufaum/ tdraf emufaz;aum/ tdro f myg ae&mtESH@vu kd &f mS jyefw,f? owif;
twdtus&xm;&Jh om;eJ@vw G o f mG ;wm emw,fumG vdk@ajym+yD; rdvdk@ uawmh cifAsm;wdk@vnf;
rvG,b f ;l omrSwv f dk@ }udr;f +yD;jyefomG ;w,f” tdr&f iS jf zpfou l rsuEf mS rSm aoG;r&Sad wmhyJ
wkew f ek &f &D D ajymjyygw,f?
nutdyaf &;r0vkd@ 'DreufrmS wa&;avmuf jyeftyd rf ,fv@dk pOf;pm;xm;wJh pdwu f ;l udk
zsu+f yD; rsuEf mS udk uAsmuoDopf+yD; oH;k a,mufom; tjrefjyefxu G cf }hJ uygw,f?
vSn;f wef;a&mufawmh usaemfu ud+k zdK;eJ@ udo
k ufaxG;wdk@udk “cifAsm;wdk@vdk
acgi;f aqmif}uD;awGeJ@ aygi;f tdy&f if usaemfw@kd vb dk mrSr[kww f Jh tnw&aumifawGyg
axmifusaeygO;D r,f”vdk@ aemufvu kd af wmh ud+k zdK;u “a[haumif..rif;rarhygeJ@aemf?
vpfoif&h ifvpfawmh” vdk@jyefajym+yD; vrf;cGcJ }Jh uygw,f? vpfawmhvpfcsiaf yr,fh
csed ;f xm;wJu h pd aP wGu &Sad o;awmh OD;a&0weJ@ csed ;f xm;wJah e&mudo k mG ;zdk@ jyifvu dk yf gw,f?
wmarGbufrmS OD;&0weJ@ awG@+yD; q&mawmf tultnD awmif;xm;wJu h pd t P wGuf
tpDtpOfawG aqG;aEG;=uygw,f? wevFm ae@rmS jyefqzkH @kd tcsed ef @J ae&mjyefowfrw S +f yD;
usaemfjyefvmcJw h ,f?
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(C)
q&mawmfO;D a&0wqDu tjyefrmS awmh a'gy+kH rdK@e,fuoli,fcsi;f wpfa,mufjzpfwJh
ausm0f À &J@trd u f dk xGuv
f mcJyh gw,f? ausm0f À&Jh tdru f usaemf&h J@ pm;tdraf omuftrd f
qdvk nf;rrSm;bl;? ausm0f Àu pufrw kS uUovkd w
f ufciG &fh aeyg+yD? +yD;awmh q,fwef;
ausmif;om;awGudk t*Fvyd pf moifjyaewJh q&mwpfO;D jzpfovd/k Armhvil ,frsm;
tpnf;t&H;k (Avp)/ ,cif tm&Svil ,ftzG@J rS vli,facgi;f aqmifwpfO;D vnf;jzpf ygw,f?
olutoef@tjyef@ tvGe}f udKufyf gw,f? vluawmh tom;rJvd@k rD;jywf&ifomG ;
yJjrif&w,fvdk@ useG af wmfwdk@u aemufavh&ydS gw,f? olvrf;av#muf&if ycH;k udk wzufapmif;+yD;
av#mufwwfvdk@ usaemf wdk@u“z&dr”f vd@k ac:}uygw,f? axmifxaJ &mufawmh ausm0f Àu
(2)a,muf&ySd gw,f? oleJ@ aemufwa,muf u yJc;l uausm0f Àyg? oluakd wmh tm;vH;k u
z&drvf dk@ ac:+yD;/ aemufwpfa,mufuakd wmh yJc;l u ausm0f Àvdk@yaJ c:ygw,f?
wpfcgu axmifxrJ mS z&dru f dk taqmifr;Sl 0efxrf;wpfa,mufu ac:+yD; axmifeyH gw}f uD;rSm ol@
emrnfudk a&;wJt h cg “ausm0f e” vdk@pmvH;k aygi;f awmh olu q&m usaemfemrnfu “e}uD;ESpv f ;Hk qifh
aygi;f wJh %}uD;yg” vdk@jyefajymygw,f? 0efxrf;uvnf;&Su+f yD; igvnf;raygi;f wwfb;l ? “rif;emrnf
rif;zmom aygi;f ” vdk@jyefajymcJyh gw,f?
usaemf ausm0f Àtdru f adk &mufawmh ol@nrD jzpfol yyu “ausm0f Ànutdrjf yefrtdyb f ;l ” vdk@
ajymygw,f? 'Duae@ q,fwef;atmifpm&if; xGurf mS rdk@ rae@nuol@wynfh ausmif;om;av;awGeJ@
twlomG ;tdyw f ,fvdk@ qufajymygw,f? 'geJ@useG af wmfvnf; tJ'rD mS yJa&csKd ;/ t0wftpm;vJ+yD; ausm0f ÀeJ@
awG@csiaf o;wma=umifh oljyefvm&if 'Dae@ ae@vnf wpfem&Davmuf vSn;f wef; pH&yd +f idru f
vufzuf&nfqidk u f dk vmcJ@zdk@rmS +yD; a'gy&Hk Sd ausm0f Àtdru f ae jyefxu G cf J@ygw,f?
+rdK@xzJ ufuo dk mG ;zdk@ OD;wnfvu dk yf gw,f? usaemf &efuek +f rdK@ xJuadk &mufawmh vrf;30rSmaewJh
usaemhoil ,fcsi;f bke;f bke;f (bke;f jrifx h eG ;f ) &Jt
h rd u f dk OD;wnfvu dk yf gw,f? bke;f bke;f qdw k m oH;k a&mifjc,f
ausmif;om;vli,ftzGJ@uyg? ol@trd u f adk wmh +rdK@vnfacgiu f olyek Xf mecsKyfwpfcv k @dk usaemfwdk@u emrnf
ay;xm;ygw,f? bmjzpfvdk@ vnf;qdak wmh ol@trd u f ppftpd;k &udk qef@usiv f ySk &f mS ;aewJo h al wG awmfawmf
rsm;rsm; qHw k wfwaJh e&m wpfcjk zpfvdk@ygy?J
qHq k nf;zdk@ wifr[kwyf J ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;&Jh '%fa=umifh ud, k f@trd u f , dk jf yefvdk@ r&awmhwJh
ae&mrJo h mG ;wJo h al wG twGuv f nf; ol@trd af &mufomG ;&ifawmh olwwfEidk o f I aus;G arG;{nfch w H wfygw,f?
usaemfwdk@vdk ausmif;om;awGudk olwdk@ro d m;pku ulncD w Jh ma=umifv h nf; e0w&Jh t+idK;}uD;udk ,ae@widk f
cHpm;ae&&Smav&J?h
useG af wmfbek ;f bke;f tdru f adk &mufawmh oltyd &f murxao;yJ ukwifay:rSm yd;k vd;k yufvuf tdyaf ysmf
aewke;f ygy?J 'gayr,fh {nfo h nfawGuawmh xH;k pHtwdik ;f ol@trd rf mS a&muf&aSd eygw,f? apmapmpD;pD;
a&mufaeoluawmh&uD;Q (nDaxG;cdik )f eJ@ udpk ed v f iSdk w
f k@d yjJ zpfygw,f? udpk ed vf iSdk u
f awG@awG@csi;f ...
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ygw,f?
“om;n$eOf ;D eJ@ udak tmifxeG ;f wdk@udk nuw+ydKifeufxzJ rf;oGm;=uw,f?”
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wpfae&mpDc+GJ yD; w+ydKifwnf;zrf;oGm;=uw,f? udak tmifxeG ;f tdru f 0&rf;ygvm;/ zrf;0&ef;ryg&if rvdu k f
Edik b
f ;l vdk@ ajymvdk@ ol@trd ef J@ axmufvrS ;f a&;awGpum;rsm;=uao;w,f”
vdk@bek ;f bke;f uajymjyygw,f? usaemfuvnf; nuuseG af wmf&,f/ ud+k zdK;eJ@uo dk ufaxG;wdk@ qH=k uyH/k
usaemfwdk@o;Hk a,mufv;Hk uyfoaD v;vGwo f mG ;+yD; tzrf;rcHvu dk &f yHw
k dk@yu
Hk dk ajymjyvdu k yf gw,f? e0wu
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awGuw dk pfcsed w
f nf;/ wpf+ydKifwnf;zrf;qD; vmwJah jcvSr;f yJvdk@ usaemfu xyfajymvdu k yf gw,f?

udpk ed v
f id_ u
f æ
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“rif;wdk@vnf;'D bke;f bke;f wdk@trd rf vm=u&if aumif;r,f”
vdk@ajymygw,f? ud&k uD;Q uawmh
“at;...tm;vH;k enf;enf;av;a&Smifae=u&if aumif;r,f”
vdk@0ifajym+yD; acsmif;wcsu[ f ef@ vdu k yf gw,f? ol@u=dk unf&h wm tat;rd+yD; acsmif;qd;k aewJyh yHk gy?J
armifbek ;f uawmh usaemfu h pdk ;dk &drwf ,fxifyg&?Jh
“a[haumif? igwdk@awG a':atmifp=k unfeJ@ tif;av;zufudk pnf;&k;H a&;qif;wke;f u tif;av;
azmifawmfO;D bk&m;u ab;tEW&m,fuif;&Si;f atmif ouFe;f pteDav;awGay;w,f? (tJ'o D uFe;f p
teDav;awGrmS a*gyutzG&J ;Hk &Jh wHqyd w f ;Hk av;awG &du k x
f m;wm owdxm;rdygw,f) rif;vnf; tEW&m,f
uif;atmifaqmifxm;ayg”h
qd+k yD;usaemfu h dk tJ'o D uFe;f pwpfck vufaqmifay;ygw,f? tJ'aD emuf usaemfvnf; tcsed f
r&Sad wmhvdk@ vSn;f wef;rSm tajccHynmausmif;awGu +rdK@e,fupdk m;vS,af wGeJ@ aqG;aEG;yG&J &Sd m csed ;f xm;wJh
ae&mudo k mG ;zdk@ ajymawmh tm;vH;k u useG af wmfudk roGm;zdk@ 0dik ;f wm;=uygw,f?
“a[haumif...rarhygeJ@aemf”
“tzrf;tqD;awG rsm;aew,f”
“tpnf;ta0;rvky&f if aumif;r,f”
“zsuv f u
dk .f ..roGm;ygeJ@”
0dik ;f +yD;wm;=uwJh toHawGudk vspv f sK&S+k yD; usaemf xGuv
f mcJw
h ,f? roGm;&ifrjzpfwJh udp&P aSd ewm
a=umifh tajccHynmausmif;om; ud, k pf m;vS,af wGeJ@ awG@zdk@ csed ;f qdx
k m;wJah e&mudk usaemfa&mufatmif
oGm;cJyh gw,f? 'Dwcg ausmif;om;awGeJ@ aqG;aEG;+yD;&if q&mawmfO;D a&0weJ@ rEWav;vdu k o
f mG ;r,fvdk@
vrf;rSm awG;vm;cJyh gw,f?
'gayr,fh usaemf&J@ pdwu f ;l awGudk e0w axmufvrS ;f a&;awGu vufO;D r_ &,lomG ;cJyh gw,f?

tcef;(2)

oajyrSm tzrf;cH&+yD
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'Dae@+rdK@ e,ftajccHynm ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifawGe@J aqG;aEG;yGv J yk rf ,fh ae&mu &efuif;zufu
bke;f }uD;ausmif;wckrmS jzpfygw,f? tJ'ga=umifh ausmif;om;awG tpnf;ta0;vkyrf ,fh bke;f }uD;ausmif;eJ@
vSn;f wef;/ pH&yd +f idru f oajy vufbuf&nfqidk rf mS ae&mcG+J yD; csed ;f xm;ygw,f?
bke;f bke;f wdk@ awGtm;vH;k 0dik ;f wm;aewJ=h um;uyJ vSn;f wef;zufudk usaemfa&mufvmcJyh gw,f?
pH&yd +f idryf gvm;vdk@ um;py,f,m&Jh ar;oHa=umifh rSww f idk yf gw,fvdk@ajzvdu k +f yD; um;jywif;ayguu f ae wqifh
&efuek -f tif;pdev f rf;ray:u oajy vBu&f nfqidk x f uJ dk a0h0=J unfv h udk yf gw,f?
vli,fta,muf(20)ausmaf vmuf [dpk m;yG/J 'Dpm;yGaJ wGrmS toD;oD;xdik af e=uwmawG@&ygw,f?
usaemfvnf;um;ay:uqif;+yD; qdik x f u J pm;yG0J idk ;f wpfcrk mS 0ifxidk v f u dk yf gw,f? r*FvmawmifneG f@ +rdK@e,fu
,OfaxG;udak wG@awmh “&Jarmfx;l ta=umif; bm=um;ao;vJ” vdk@ar;vdu k yf gw,f? &Jarmfx;l tzrf;cH&a=umif;
,OfaxG;uajymygw,f? usaemfu“om;n$eOf ;D eJ@ udak tmifxeG ;f wdk@uadk wmh rae@nu tzrf;cHvu dk &f w,f?
igwdk@awmif uHaumif;vdk@ tzrf;rcH&wm”
tJ't D csed f rSmyJ qdik &f Jh b,feJ@nm toD;oD;uae axmufvrS ;f a&;awG/ &JawGqidk x f u J dk 0ifvm=u
ygw,f? “igwdk@vnf; jrefjrefajc&m azsmuf&atmif? tpnf;ta0; vkyrf ,fah e&m oGm;=updk@”
vdk@ajymzdk@tvkyrf mS yJ axmufvrS ;f a&;awGu qdik x f u J vlawGtm;vH;k udk emrnfawG vdu k af r;wmudk
awG@&ygw,f? qdik af &S@uv dk rS ;f =unfv h u dk af wmh wDt;D 11ppfum;wpD;/ &Jum;wpD;eJ@ [dik ;f vufum;wpD;wdk@
qdik yf w d &f yfxm;wm awG@&ygw,f? axmufvrS ;f a&;awGu pm;yGrJ mS xdik af eolawGudk rif;emrnf
b,fvadk c:vnf; vdk@ar;+yD; olwdk@ vufxJ rSmudik x f m;wJh pmtkyx f u J emrnfawGeJ@ wdu k pf pfaeygw,f?
ausmif;om;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m emrnf t&if;awGrajymyJ yg;pyfxJ awG@u&memrnfawGuadk jym=uvdk@
axmufvrS ;f a&;awG[m tjyeftvSef wa,mufcsi;f ppfaq;jyefw,f?
“rif;wdk@emrnfawG rSerf eS af jymaemf/ odvdk@uawmh em+yDomrSw?f xGuaf jy;r,fvdk@ vnf;r}udK;pm;eJ@?
rypf&b J ;l vdk@ xif&if xGuaf jy;=unfah yg”h
qd+k yD; axmufvrS ;f a&;awGu tqufrjywf +cdr;f ajcmufaeygw,f? jzpfysuaf ewJh tjzpftysuaf wGudk
qdik &f iS tf ygt0if ywf0ef;usiu f vlawGyg 0dik ;f tH=k unfah e}uygw,f? +yD;awmh oajy vufzuf&nf
qdik &f aJh b;uyf&u Jh tdr[ f m trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ urm&Gw+f rdK@e,f&;Hk cGjJ zpfygw,f?
qdik jf yifyuae 0dik ;f =unfah eolawG wjznf;jznf; rsm;jym;vm+yD; “ausmif;om;awGuzdk rf;ae=uwm”
qdwk Jh avoHawG rsm;jym;qlnv H mcsed rf mS awmh axmufvrS ;f a&;wa,mufu olwdk@xu J tzGJ@acgi;f aqmifvdk@
xif&oludk “olwdk@awGudk b,fvv dk yk &f rvJq&m”vdk@ar;vdu k o f uH dk =um;vdu k yf gw,f? tJ'rD mS wif zrf;qD;rS&k Jh
acgi;f aqmifvyk o f ul ol@vufxu J pmtkyt f eDav;udk ydwv f u kd yf gw,f? +yD;awmh
“&Syk w f ,f? tukev f ;Hk um;ay:wif” vdk@trdef@ay;+yD; [dik ;f vwfum;ay:udk usaemftygt0if
ausmif;om;(30)cef@udk um;ay:wufcidk ;f ygw,f? +yDawmh tjyifzufu taygu0f rSm axmufvrS ;f a&;eJ@
&JawGu aoewfeJ@csed +f yD; &efuek w f uUov dk v f iSdk ef ,fxo J dk@ um;udk armif;oGm;cJ@ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ [dik ;f vwf
um;aemufrmS oHq;l }udK;acGeJ@ pufaoewfwifxm;wJh wDt;D 11 ppfum;wpD;vdu k yf gvmygw,f?
vSidk ef ,fajrxJudk a&mufawmh um;ay:uae wa,mufcsi;f qif;cdik ;f ygw,f? +yD;awmh wpfu, dk vf ;Hk
tESHh ppfaq;&SmazG+yD; ud, k af &;&mZ0ifawGudk pwifar;jref;ygawmhw,f? ausmif;om;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u
olwdk@&eJh mrnfawGudk trSet f wdik ;f rajym}uwmawG@&ygw,f? usaemfvnf; tjcm;emrnfwckudk ajym+yD;
vdraf jymvdu k yf gw,f? 'gayr,fh useG af wmfv, G xf m;wJt h w d u f dk &SmazGcsed rf mS awmh uHq;dk pGmyJ 'dik , f m
&Dpmtkyx f uJ Edik if o H m; pdppfa&;u'fjym; xGuu f somG ;ygw,f?
 'g rif;pdppfa&;u'fjym;r[kwv f m; vdk@ar;wma}umifh usaemfvnf; jiif;vdk@r&awmhygb;l ?
aemufawmh “rif;um;ay: jyefwuf” qdw k t Jh oH=um;vdk@ um;ay:uae acgi;f iHk@=unfv h u dk af wmh
&Jausmpf mG (uwH;k eJ@) jyefwufvmwmudk awG@&ygw,f?
olvnf; ol@&aJh usmif;om;u'fudk axmufvrS ;f a&;u awG@omG ;vdk@ um;ay:wufcidk ;f cH&wmyg?
usew f o Jh al wGuadk wmh emrnfvrd pf m ,l+yD;jyefvw $ af y;vdu k yf gw,f? &Jausmpf mG u Adv k w
f axmiftxu(2)u
ausmif;om;wpfO;D yg? Adv k wf axmif+rdK@e,fu tajccHynm ausmif;om;ud, k pf m;vS,f wpfO;D vnf;
jzpfygw,f? ol@tudjk zpfol udb k b}uD;(c) udrk if;atmif[m 1988ckEpS f ta&;tcif;umvu
a':atmifqef;pk=unf&Jh vHjk cHKa&;ud, k &l wJh oH;k a&mifjc,fausmif;om;tzGJ@u jzpfygw,f? 88 ta&;tcif;rSm
wufwufºuGºuG vSyk &f mS ;cJh vdk@ e0wppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;&Jh zrf;qD;rSu k cdk cH &Jh ygw,f?
tif;pde/f om,m0wDtusO;f axmifawGuae jyefvnfvw G af jrmufvm+yD; r=umcifrmS yJ olwdk@&Jh
rdbawGu &Jausmpf mG wdk@ nDtudEk pS af ,mufudk omoemhabmifu0dk ifapcJyh gw,f? olwdk@ nDtud(k 2)a,muf
oCFe;f pnf;omoemhabmif0ifwek ;f tpnf;ta0;wpfcrk mS Adv k wf axmif+rdK@e,fu ausmif;om;awGeJ@om
awG@&+yD; +rdK@e,fwm0efceH J@ rawG@awmh &Jausmpf mG ta=umif; ar;=unfch yJh gw,f?
oloCFe;f 0wfaewmudk od&awmh usaemf&,f/ w&kw}f uD;(c)wifa&$&,f ESpaf ,mufom;ol&w Sd b Jh ek ;f
}uD;ausmif;udv k u
dk o
f mG ;cJyh gw,f? +yD;awmh “&Jausmpf mG ? rif;r&Sv d dk@widk ;f eJ@ rif;wdk@+rdK@e,f tquftoG,jf ywf
aew,f? vSyk &f mS ;rSak wG&v Sd dk@ rif;wdk@ +rdK@e,frmS rif;r&Sv d dk@ rjzpfb;l ”ponfjzifh usaemfwdk@&Jh wdu k wf eG ;f rSak =umifh
&Jausmpf mG wpfa,muf &ufraphcifrmS yJ oCFe;f csw G cf yJh gw,f?
vl@abmifudk ul;ajymif;+yD; aemufwae@ ylyal EG;aEG;rSmyJ usaemfeJ@twl tzrf;ch&J wmyg?
(&Jausmpd mG [m 1990ckEpS rf mS usaemfwdk@eJ@ twlwal xmifusc+Jh yD;/ 1993 ckEpS rf mS vGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGiefh @J
jyefvnf vGwaf jrmufomG ;cJyh gw,f? jyifyrSm q,fwef; pmar;yGu J kd 0ifa&mufajzqdck +Jh yD;/ &efuek pf ufr_
wuUov dk uf dk wufciG &fh cJyh gw,f? 'gayr,fh &Jausmpf mG [m 1996ckEpS f 'DZifbm ausmif;om;tcGit fh a&;
vSyk &f mS ;rSrk mS wufwufºuGºuG yg0ifcw Jh ma=umifh axmufvrS ;f a&;&Jh zrf;qD;r_ udjk yefvnfccH &Jh +yD;
axmif'%f(19)ESpf csrw S f cHc&Jh ygw,f?)

ppfa=uma&;udk jzwfoef;pOf
(c)
usaemfeJ@ &Jausmpf mG udk zrf;qD;wifaqmifvmwJh [dik ;f vwfum;[m &efuek w f uUovdk v
f id_ ef ,fajr
ausmif;0if;xJutxGurf mS yJ usaemfwdk@(2)a,mufpvH;k acgi;f pGyaf wGeJ@ tpGycf v H u dk &f ygw,f? usaemfwdk@
udpk yG x
f m;wJh acgi;f pGyt
f jzL[m aoG;awGayusaH e+yD; vlwumudk &du k Ef uS x
f m;rSe;f odomvSygw,f? av#mf
zGwx f m;jcif; r&Sw
d ma=umifh acgi;f pGw&f t
Jh eH@[m tifrwefudk qd;k &Gm;vGe;f ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@udk wifaqmifvmwJu h m;u [dak uG@/ 'DauG@eJ@ vrf;udrk rSwrf Ed idk af tmif armif;aewmudk
owdxm;rdygw,f? tcsed t f awmf=um armif;vm+yD; r=umcifrmS yJ um;udpk uf&yfvu dk uf m um;ay:uae
usaemfwdk@udk qif;cdik ;f ygw,f? yg;pyfu ae+yD;awmhvnf;
“ausm.f ..ausm”f
“cG...cGxm;”
 “av;zufuek ;f oGm;” qd+k yD; qufwu dk af tmf[pf ygw,f? quf+yD;awmh usaemfwdk@udk “acgi;f
wdu k rf rd ,f? tay:rSmwef;&Sw d ,f? iHk@iHk@.. cg;uke;f +yD;oGm;” vdk@ajymaeayr,fh usaemfwdk@udk trdef@ay;aewJh
axmufvrS ;f a&;&Jt h oHuawmh usaemfwdk@&t Jh ay:ydik ;f u vmaewmqdw k m usaemf &dyrf v d udk yf gw,f?
um;ay:uae atmufa&mufawmh usaemfeJ@ &Jausmpf mG wdk@ tcef;cG+J yD; csKyfxm;vdu k yf gw,f? usaemf
a&mufaewJt h cef;u arSmifrv J eG ;f +yD; bmrSrjrif&wma=umifh xdik &f rvd/k x&rvdk jzpfaeygw,f? tJ't D csed rf mS
tcef;xJudk axmufvrS ;f a&;wa,muf 0ifvm+yD;
“acgi;f pGwu f rdk csw G ef J@aemf? csw G v f dk@uawmh romay:+yDomrSw”f
vdk@}udr;f armif;+yD; jyefxu G o f mG ;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh usaemfa&mufaewJh vuf&aSd e&mudk avhvm
zdk@twGuf acgi;f pGyu f edk nf;enf; r+yD; atmufuidk Hk@=unfv h udk af wmh =urf;jyifrmS uGy+f ypfav;wck cif;xm;
wmudk awG@&ygw,f?
tJ'D uGyjf ypfav;&Jh ab;rSm vrf;av#mufzdk@twGuf 1 ayausmaf vmuf&w Sd wJh rH wH vif; usO;f usO;f
av;wpfc&k ySd gw,f? quf+yD;tay:udak rmh=unfv h u dk af wmh vlwufzdk@ rrSED idk af vmufwJh ae&mavmufrmS
1ayywfvnf&w Sd Jh oHZumwpfcsyef J@ vkyx f m;wJh av0ifayguw f ckudk awG@&ygw,f?
usew f mawGuawmh tkwef &H aH wG csn;f oufoufygy?J rdepfyidk ;f avmuft=umrSmyJ wHcg;zGio fh =H um;&
+yD;/ tcef;xJudk wpfa,muf0ifvmygw,f? uGyyf pfay:rSmacgi;f pGyef J@ usaemfxidk w f mudk awG@omG ;awmh
“rif;udb k ,fox l idk cf idk ;f vdk@v”J vdk@ar;+yD;usaemfh &ifbwfudk vufo;D eJ@ wpfcsuf qifx h ;dk vdu k yf gw,f? +yD;awmh
“'Dtwdik ;f rwfwyf&yfae? igaemufwacguf jyef0ifvmvdk@ xdik af ewmawG@&if 'Dx h ufyedk mr,f?”
ajym+yD; jyefxu G o f mG ;ygw,f?
r}umcifrmS yJ aemufxuf toH&iS w f pfa,muf xyfa&mufvm+yD;
“a[haumif? nurif;b,frmS tdyo f vJ” qd+k yD; par;w,f?
“nu vSn;f wef;*H;k qif;u......... wdk@trd rf mS tdyyf gw,f”
“rif;rvdref J@? yg;ydw&f u dk v f u dk rf ,f? igwdk@un dk mzdk@ pdwrf ul;eJ@? tJ'n D u igwdk@ vSn;f wef;rSm
vm&Smw,f? rif;ajymwJt h rd yf ?J r&Sb d ;l ?”
“wu,fyg? nu vSn;f wef;tdrrf mS yJ tdyw f myg”
“uJ..xm;vdu k yf g? nu vSn;f wef;rSm tdyw f ,fq&dk if +zdK;rif;odr;f tckb,frmS vJ?”
“usaemfrodb;l ? usaemf zmom wpfa,mufwnf;aewmyg?”
“uJ...aumif;+yD? nuvSn;f wef;rSm tdyw f ,fq&dk if b,frmS tdyw f mvJ? b,foal wGeJ@ tdyw f mvJ”
“r......... wdk@&Jh *H;k qif;utdref J@ uyf&yfu bke;f }uD;ausmif;rSmtdyw f myg? ud+k zdK;eJ@ oufaxG;wdk@
vnf;ygygw,f?”
“bke;f }uD;u rif;wdk@uv dk ufcx H m;wJo h abmayg”h
“r[kwyf gb;l ? ausmif;xdik b f ek ;f }uD;rodatmif nzuf q&mawmf}udr;f aewJh tcsed u f srS
0iftyd w f myg? reuf q&mawmf tm&k%f qGr;f rpm;cif ausmif;wdu k u
f xGuyf gw,f”
“nu +zdK;rif;ode;f eJ@ oufaxG;u rif;eJ@ twlwt l yd w f ,fqadk wmh rif;eJ@tquftoG,&f rSd mS yJ”
“'DaumifawGb,frmS tdyw f ,fqw dk m rif;odrmS yJ”
“rodygb;l ? rae@nu rxifrw S yf J qHrk =d uwmyg”
“a[haumifrvdref J@? [m... 'Daumifemawmhr,f? igwdk@rmS tcsed o f yd rf &Sb d ;l ? a[haumifawG?
'Daumifu h dk yHpk aH y;vdu k pf rf;? 'Daumifpum;ajymwJh yHpk u H ydk g r}udKufb;l ? Av}uD;udak c:vdu k ?f 'DrmS yHpk H
armif;&r,fah umif wpfaumifa&mufae+yDvkd@? igjyefvmvdk@ tajzr&ao;&if 'Daumifaum/ rif;wdk@yg
em+yDomrSwaf yawmh”
 ajymqd+k yD; toH&iS f aysmufomG ;ygw,f? aemufawmh avoHcyfrmrmeJ@ toH&iS w f pfO;D xyfay:vmyg
w,f? olwdk@ajymaewJh Av}uD;qdw k myJ jzpfr,fvdk@ usaemfawG;rdygw,f?
“a[haumif”
qdwk t Jh oH}uD;ay:vm+yD; usaemfcE<mud, k u
f dk wGe;f vku d w f t
Jh wGuf wcsu, f idk xf u G of mG ;ygw,f?
+yD;awmh
“igwdk@ujdk y\emr&SmeJ@? ar;wmrSerf eS af jz/ rajzvdk@ txufu qlvmvdk@&&Sd if igwdk@yt J vky&f ySk wf ,f?
rif;rSerf eS uf efuefajym&if ckvrdk if;eJ@ig awG@p&mta=umif;r&Sb d ;l ? tjcm;aumifawGu rif;vdjk y\emr&Smbl;/
at;at;aq;aq;yJ ajzoGm;wm? acgi;f rrmeJ@/ acgi;f rm&if cGyJ pfr,f/ =um;vm;”
“useG af wmfreS rf eS u f efuefajzwmyJ/ rodwmudrk odb;l vdk@ ajymwmyJ”
“-D;/ rSerf eS u f efuefajymwmvm;? rif;rSerf eS u f efuefrajymvdk@ igvm&wm”
ajymajymqdq k u
dk saemfh rsuEf mS udk vufo;D rsm; tqufrjywfypfoiG ;f wmudk &kww f &uf
cHvu dk &f w,f? usaemfrh suEf mS eJ@ wud, k v f ;Hk udk tkwef &H eH J@ zduyfxm;+yD;
“a[haumif/ rif;aumifawG &Sw d aJh e&mudk trSeaf jymrvm;/ rajymbl;vm;”
qd+k yD;ar;ygw,f? tJ't D csed rf mS yJ aemufxyf toH&iS w f a,muf eHab;uaeay:vm+y;D
“a[haumifawG/ 'Davmufxrd vkyyf geJ@umG / 'DaumifarmaerSmayhg/ nDav;uvnf; tudw k dk@
qDuar;wJh ar;cGe;f awGudk vdrv f rd rf mrmeJ@ ajzvdu k yf gumG / trSet f rSet f wdik ;f ayg?h tcsed =f umvm&if
rif;tom;emvdrrfh ,f? rif;wdk@&EJh idk if aH &;q&m}uD;awG ud, k w f idk f jymqif;oGm;wJh a&=unftidk q f w dk mrif;
=um;zl;rSm ayg/h igwdk@Eidk if aH wmfrmS rjzpfoifw h mawG rjzpf&atmif wm;qD;zdk@wm0ef&w Sd ,f? igwdk@u
rif;udak umif;aumif; rGerf eG af r;ae&if aumif;aumif;rGerf eG af jzvdu k af yg/h [kw+f yDvm;? tck
+zdK;rif;ode;f b,frmS vJ/ tjcm;tzGJ@ 0ifawGaum b,frmS vJ”
“.........”
“rif;wdk@eJ@ wpfzGJ@xyJ /J rif;odygw,f? rSerf eS af jymvdu k yf g? tom;tem rcHprf;ygeJ@” avoH aysmah ysmh
av;eJ@ qufajymygw,f?
“ud+k zdK;eJ@tjcm;olawGb,frmS &Sw d ,fqw dk m usaemfrodygb;l ? cifAsm;wdk@tckvdk usaemfwdk@udk zrf;
aewmawG=um;vdk@ vHjk cHKwJah e&mrSm olwdk@tpDtpOfeJ@ olwdk@yek ;f atmif;aerSmyJ”
usaemf&h Jh jyefvnftajzay;wmudk vufrcHEidk =f uwJt h wGuf toH&iS w f a,mufu
“rif;udx k ;dk xm;wmrrSwrf ad o;bl;vm;? a[haumif/ rif;ighub dk maumifatmufarhaevdk@v?J
acG;rom;/ 'Dvydk pHk rH sKd ;r&bl;uG/ 'Dvt dk csKd ;rsKd ; vmcsKd ;vdk@ r&bl;? rif;avmufuawmh taysmah ygu h mG ”
toHawGcsucf si;f qla0wufomG ;ygw,f?
“a[haumif/ 'l;auG;/ ajcudck /GJ ajczsm;axmuf/ vufajrmufxm;prf;”
“'Davmufawmifrajymcsiw f aJh umif/ opPm&Sw d ,fayg/h at;... rif;eJ@igawG@=uao;wmayg?h
&du
k af e&if; t&S;dk &mxifaeOD;r,f? rif;wdk@aooGm;vdk@ bDbpD D ruvdk@ ukvor*~ udyk w J idk wf idk f apmuf *&kr
pdu
k b f ;l uG/ bmatmufarhaevdk@v/J rif;igtckajymxm;wJh yHpk t H aetxm;u aeajymif;vm&if igudk tqd;k
rqdek J@aemf”
yxru avoHaysmah ysmeh J@ wpfa,mufu usaemfah b;uae+yD;
“nDav;&m/ 'kurQ cHprf;ygeJ@/ rif;wdk@val wGb,frmS &SEd idk o f vJ/ uJ'n D aum b,frmS tdyEf idk rf vJ”
“.........”
“rif;txifajym=unfph rf;uGm/ rif;wdk@rae@nu tdycf w Jh aJh e&mrSmaum &SEd idk rf vm;/ +yD;awmh ckcsed rf if;
wdk@tzGJ@awGb,frmS pkpnf;Edik rf vJ”
aemufxyftoH&iS w f a,mufu...
 “a[haumif/ acgi;f rmzdk@ r}udK;pm;eJ@/ rif;wdk@tzG@J 0ifawG awmfawmfrsm;rsm; rd+yD;ae+yD/ 'Daumif
awGajymvdk@ rif;udzk rf;Edik w f m/ opPm&Srd aeprf;ygeJ@umG / rif;rajymvnf;olwdk@uajymrSmyJ/ 'Dawmh rif;tom;
temcHraeeJ@/ rae@nuae&mrSm&SEd idk af o;vm;/ tcsed o f yd rf &Sbd ;l / jrefjrefajymuGm”
“useG af wmfww d u d sus rajymEdik b f ;l ? rae@nu vSn;f wef;rSmzrf;qD;wmawGvyk w f m a=umifh
rae@nuae&mrSm b,fenf;eJ@rS jyefrtdyEf idk yf gb;l ? olwdk@b,frmS &Sw d ,fqw dk mvnf; usaemfrcef@reS ;f
wwfygb;l ”
usaemftajzt+yD;rSm 'DaumifawG ,rf;yHrk ;D usjzpfomG ;w,f?
“rat-d;k / 'Davmufacgi;f rmwJah umif”
ajymajymqdq k ydk J ajcaxmufawGeJ@ usaemfu h dk 0kid ;f uef=uygw,f? 'l;auG;/ ajccGx J m;wJh taetxm;eJ@
yJ =urf;jyifay: usaemfyv Hk u J somG ;ygw,f? 'Dvydk pHk yH suo f mG ;wJt h wGuf
“[m... [m'DaumifypHk yH suo f mG ;+yD/ &du k pf rf;/ &du k pf rf;” qd+k yD &du k o f aH wGr=um;&yJ usaemfh
ausmuke;f / rsuEf mS rsm;eJ@ &ifbufudk vufo;D eJ@ xd;k wmudk qufwu dk f cHpm;&jyefygw,f? vufo;D
awGrsuEf mS udk c%c% a&mufvmwma=umifh emusirf eSk Jh vufjzifu h mvdu k rf yd gw,f?
vufeJ@ umwma=umif.h ..
“bmtumtuG,f vkyw f mvnf;/ rif;uigwdk@udk pdeaf c:wmvm;/ [kwv f m;/ rif;vufudk
aemufjyefypfvu dk pf rf;”
vdk@q+dk yD; usaemfrh suEf mS udk vufo;D eJ@ qufx;dk =uygw,f? 0if+yD;xd;k ESuaf ewJh tcsed rf mS vnf; olwdk@
yg;pyfuae+yD; rat/ ESr eJ@widk ;f +yD;qJa&;wdik ;f xGmjyefw,f? rSerf eS af jymrvm;/ rajymbl;vm;vkd@vnf;
w&Hrvyfar;aejyefw,f? olwdk@awG usaemfu h dk pdwaf useyfavmufatmif xd;k ESu+f yD;wJt h csed uf srS toHwck
xyf0ifvmygw,f?
“nDav;/ rif;oli,fcsi;f awG rae@nuae&mrSm 'Dn&SEd idk Of ;D rvm;”
emusirf 'Sk %f&ma=umifah &m/ armyrf;wma=umifyh g usaemfbmrSjyefrajymEdik af wmhyJ acgi;f udk
iHk@jyvdu k yf gw,f? jiif;qefzdk@usaemfrh mS cGet f m;awGoyd rf useaf wmh...
“at;...'Dvrkd aS yg/h rif;tapm}uD;uwnf;uajym&if 'Dvadk wmifx;kd ESucf &H rSm r[kwb f ;l ”
vdk@bjk ywfjywfajymqd+k yD; olwdk@tm;vH;k tcef;jyifzufudk xGuo f mG ;=uygw,f? 0ke;f ueJ wHcg;ydwf
oHudk =um;vdu k &f awmh oufjyif;wckudk csvu dk rf yd gw,f? aemufxyf(10)rdepfavmuf t=umrSm usaemfh
tcef;qDudk OD;wnfvmaewJh ajcoHawGudk owdxm; =um;vdu k &f ygw,f? xifwt Jh wdik ;f yJ usaemft h cef;
wHcg;udk vmzGiyfh gw,f? apmapmuvdk rjzpfatmif uAsmuoDyJ rufwyf&yf aevdu k yf gw,f? wHcg;yGio fh mG ;+yD;
toHwck xGuaf y:vmygw,f?
“bmvJ...rif;u rwfwyf&yf+yD; xGuaf jy;zdk@ }uHaewmvm;”
qd+k yD; ueOD; ppGypf yGJ gawmhw,f? +yD;awmh “rif;tuscFD sw G pf rf;” qd+k yD; usaemfu h dk t0wftpm;awG
csw G cf idk ;f ygw,f? +yD;awmh vHck snu f vdk nf; csw G cf idk ;f jyefygw,f? bmawGvyk Of ;D rvJqw dk m rcef@reS ;f rd ao;yg?
'gayr,fh usaemfah cgi;f rSmpGyx f m;wJh acgi;f pGyu f adk wmh rcsw G cf idk ;f ygb;l ? t0wfawGcsw G +f yD;awmh ar;cGe;f awG
par;ygawmhw,f?

“rif;taz...emrnf”
usaemfh t0wftpm;awG jyef0wfvdk@ &+yDajymygw,f? usaemft h usaFD wG jyef0wf+yD;csed rf mS
usaemfeh mrnf/ usaemft h az emrnf/ usaemft h oufygwJh opfom;qdik ;f bkw&f n S f wpfcu k dk
udik x
f m;cdik ;f ygw,f? aemufrS usaemfah cgi;f u acgi;f pGyu f cdk sw
G zf dk@ trdef@ay;ygw,f? usaemfvnf;
acgi;f pGyu
f cdk sw
G /f olwdk@ udik cf idk ;f wJh qdik ;f bkwu
f dk &ifbufem;rSm udik +f yD;"gwyf Hk t&du
k cf &H ygw,f? "gwyf u Hk dk
a&Sw
h nfw
h nf/h ab;wdu
k /f b,fnmeJ@ aemufausm pHak eatmif&u
dk +f yD; acgi;f pGyuf dk jyefpyG cf idk ;f ygw,f? +yD;awmh
usaemft
h cef;xJuae xGuo f mG ;
=uygw,f?
'Dvl xGuof mG ;+yD; awmfawmf=umonftxd wpfO;D wa,mufrS ay:rvmawmhyg?
noef;acgiaf vmufrmS usaemfudk xm;wJt h cef;&J@ tay:wnfw h nfu h vufEySd pf uf &du k af eoH
wpfazsmufazsmufudk twdik ;f om; =um;ae&ygw,f?

eH&aH wGay:u aºuG;a=umfoaH wG

(*)
wdwq f wd af ewJh ppfa=uma&; pcef;}uD;a&Sh udk um;wpD;D xd;k qdu k o f H =um;vdu k &f ygw,f? b,fol
rsm; ygvmOD;rSmvJvdk@ awG;aewke;f rSmyJ usaemfu h adk c:vmwke;f utwdik ;f
“cG/ ausm/f uke;f ” qdwk t Jh oHawG=um;&awmh aemufxyfzrf;qD;vmrSe;f
usaemfov d u dk yf gw,f?c%t=umrSmyJ usaemf ,Ofyg;ae}utoHwckjzpfwJh acsmif;qd;k oH}uD;udk
=um;vdu k &f awmh ud&k uQ;D (nDaxG;cdik )f udk 'DaumifawG zrf;ac:vmrSe;f usaemf odvu dk yf gw,f? +yD;awmh
usaemft h cef;xJudk axmufvrS ;f a&;awG 0ifvm+yD; bmrajym/ nmrajymeJ@qq J +dk yD; 0dik ;f aqmifu h ef =uygw,f?
'Dwcgawmh usaemfu h dk yHpk aH wGbmawGrvkycf idk ;f ? bmrSrar;jref;ao;yJ ay:wif}uD; xd;k }udw=f uwmyg?
olwdk@&Jh yg;pyfuae+yD;awmhvnf;
“apmufwvGaJ wGajymwJah umif/ vl}uD;awGuo dk ufouf tcsed u f ek +f yD; tvky&f ySk af tmif vkyw f Jh
taumif? rif;ajymwJah e&mrSm-D;awmifrrS &Sb d ;l ”
“at; olwdk@urdk zrf;rd&if rif;udyk +dk yD; axmifcsypfr,frw S ?f rif;eJ@aemufrS at;at;aq;aq; awG@=u
ao;wmaygu h mG / rif;vdrzf dk@ pOf;pm; xm;vdu k Of ;D ” vdk@ajymqd+k yD; jyefxu G o
f mG ;=uygw,f? tjcm;
ab;cef;aw/GuolawGudk ac:xkww f t Jh oHawG ppfar;aewJh toHawGa=umifh tdyzf dk@rjzpfEidk af wmhwma}umifh
em;pGiafh evdu k yf gw,f?
aq;wuUov dk af usmif;om;or*~eJ@ yufouf+yD; tjyeftvSef ajymqdak e=uwJ o h m;n$ef@O;D &Jh toHudk
=um;vdu k &f ygw,f? aemuf
“usaemf rvkyb f ;l / usaemfrodb;l / rodwmudk rodb;l vdk@ ajzwmyJ” qd+k yD; toHeuf}uD;eJ@ jiif;qdo k H
ukvm;xdik u f u dk efonft h oH/ pm;yGcJ u Hk x
dk ok nft h oHrsm;eJ@ &Jarmfx;l &Jh toHoo Jh u Jh =dk um;vdu k &f ygw,f?
useG af wmftvSnafh um b,fawmha&mufrvJ vdk@awG;+yD; pOf;pm;aevdu k yf gw,f?
tJ't D csed rf mS tcef;axmifw h pfcq k u D “a[haumifuv k m;..acG;rom;/ rif;wdk@uv k m;awGeJ@ Armjynf
Edik if aH &;bmqdik v f dk@v”J qd+k yD;axmufvrS ;f a&;&Jh qJqo dk /H udak tmifxeG ;f &Jh jyefvnfjiif;qdk
oHrsm;xGuaf y:vmygw,f? tJ'n D uawmh vwfwavm tzrf;cHxm;&wJh usaemf/ ud&k uQ;D eJ@ &Jausmpf mG wdk@udk
zrf;qD;zdk@ aemufxyf useaf o;wJo h al wG&ESd idk rf ,fh ae&mudo k m ar;jref;+yD; aemufxyfppfaq;r_awG bmawGrS
qufrvkyaf wmhyg?
ppfaq;r_ jyKvkyw f t Jh cgwidk ;f vnf; ae@cif;zuf}uD;yJ jyKvkyw f mawmh r[kwyf g? rsm;aom
tm;jzifh nzufrmS csn;f jyKvkyw f mrsm;ygw,f? wcgw&H nzufppfaq;xm;vdk@ ae@zufrmS wa&;avmuf
tdyaf ecsed rf mS yJ twif;&du k yf w k pf pfaq;wmvnf; &Sydk gw,f? &uftenf;i,f=um vmwJt h cgrmS
yifyef;EGr;f e,fr'_ %f/ tdyaf &;ysurf '_ %fawG qufwu dk cf pH m;vm&awmh axmufvrS ;f a&;uolwdk@udk
rxDrjJh rifvyk w f ,fq+dk yD; usaemfupdk yG pf yGJ gw,f?
ppfaq;r_awG jyKvkyw f idk ;f vnf; 'l;auG;/ ajccG/J vufajrmuf+yD; ppfaq;wmyg? tJ'v D dk yHpk rH sKd ;eJ@
(1)em&Davmuf =umvmawmh ajcawG/ vufawG anmif;udu k +f yD; wqwfqwfwek v f mygw,f?
'guadk xmufvrS ;f a&;u “yHpk rH ysuef J@aemf/ ysu&f ifaor,f”vdk@ +cdr;f ajcmufygw,f? wpf}udrrf mS tJ'v D dk
taetxm;rsKd ;udk cHEidk &f nfr&Sad wmhvdk@ Ake;f ueJ +ydKvJomG ;cJyh gw,f? tJ't D cgrmS axmufvrS ;f a&;u
“rif;yifyef;aerSmayg/h uJuJ awmf+yD/ yHpk aH jymif;r,f” qd+k yD; ausmufp&pfi,fav;awGudk
wrefwvif;=urf;jyifrmS csxm;+yD; tJ't D ay:rSm usaemfu h dk 'l;axmufcidk ;f ygw,f? 'l;axmuf
xdik cf idk ;f xm;&if;u yJ “rif;anmif;aerSmayg”h vdk@q+dk yD; usaemfu h dk vufawG ajrSmufcidk ;f xm;ygw,f?
ausmufp&pfcaJ wGay:rSm 'l;axmuf&wJh a0'em[m tifrwefru S dk qd;k &Gm;vGe;f vSygw,f? 'gah =umifh
tJ''D %fudk qufjyD;onf;rcH Edik w f ma=umifh yxr yHpk t H wdik ;f 'l;auG;/ ajcaxmufcGJ taetxm;udk
jyefa&mufomG ;ygw,f? usaemf wcsuo f wdxm;rdwmuawmh usaemfu h dk ppfaq;r_awG jyKvkyaf ewJh tcgrmS yJ
usaemft h cef;xJu tkwef &H H ab;ywfywfvnfrmS a&;xm;wJh pmawGuadk wG@&ygw,f?
tJ'pD mawGuzdk wf=unfah wmh tzrf;tqD;cH&+yD; axmifusomG ;wJh usaemfw h dk@xuf t&ifu
ausmif;om;awG&Jh emrnf/ olwdk@yg0ifcw Jh hJ v_y&f mS ;cJw h Jh or*~/ tzG@J tpnf;/ +yD;awmh olwdk@ aexdik o f mG ;cJwh Jh
&ufpaGJ wGudk wmvDcsKd ;ovdrk sKd ; rSwo f m;xm;wmawGuv dk nf; awG@&ygw,f? wmvDjcpfwaJh e&mrSm
wpfcsKd @u(14)acsmif; jcpfw,f? wpfcsKd @u(7)acsmif;yJjcpfxm;+yD; qufjcpfxm;wmawmh rawG@&awmhyg?
olwdk@b,fa&mufomG ;vJ/ axmifusomG ;wmvm;/ usaemftwGuf pOf;pm;p&mjzpfvmygw,f?
aocsmwm wckuawmh 'Dtcef;xJrmS trsm;qH;k (7)&ufyJ xm;w,fqw dk m a&Su h wmvDjcpfxm;wJyh pHk u H dk
=unf&h if odomygw,f?
wcdsK@pmom;awGudk usaemf av#mufzwf=unfrh yd gw,f?
“acG;awGuwdk@ausmif;om;awGudk udu k w f memw,f”
“ig@ut kd ukeaf jym&if jyefvw $ rf ,fajym+yD; tckxt d rd jf yefrydk@ao;bl;...”
“'Dtcef;xJa&mufwo Jh rl eS of r# axmifus+yDomrSw”f
“7 &uf&o Sd mG ;+yD”
“tdrjf yefcsib f .D ..”
“ig.OD;acgi;f onf aoG;csi;f csi;f eDeaD eygap? n$wu f m;rn$w”f ‘olwdk@pum;ud, k +Hk yD;av#mufrajymeJ@”
“tar@uo dk wd&w,f...”
“'Dtcef;u bk&m;awmifru,fEidk b f ;l ? qkrawmif;eJ@oil ,fcsi;f ’pmvH;k awG[m ao;i,fvjS yD;
tkwef &H rH mS tkwef cD /J uvpftc|e/f yiftyftc|eaf wGeJ@S xH;k okwx f m;wJeh &H rH mS xGi;f +yD; a&;xm;wmyg?
axmufvrS ;f a&;awGu 'Dtcef;xJu pmawGudk rjrif=uwmvm;/ rjrifcsiaf ,mifyJ aqmifae=uwmvm;/
zsuyf pfzdk@yo J wl dk@awG tcsed rf &=uwmvm; usaemf rajymwwfawmhyg?
bmyJajymajym ppfa=uma&;pcef;xJrmS 'Dtwdik ;f &Sad eygw,f? usaemfvnf; t&ifwek ;f u
ausmif;om; awGenf;wl usaemfeh mrnfeJ@ usaemfvyk u f idk w f Jh tzGJ@tpnf;&Jt h rnfudk usaemfaewJh
ppfa=uma&; pcef;xJu eH&w H ckrmS aevif;(t.u.o)vdk@a&;xd;k cJ@ygw,f?
tjcm;tcef;awGudk ppfaq;wJt h csed rf mS yJ usaemfeh ab;utcef;u“aygupf / yjcKyfxu J taumifudk
,lcpJh rf;/ 'Daumif aumif;aumif;rajzcsib f ;l ” vdk@ajym+yD;odyrf =umcifrmS yJ &Jarmfx;l tcef;xJu
a=umufvef@w=um; atmf[pfou H dk =um;vdu k &f ygw,f?
usaemfvnf; wud, k v f ;Hk qwfueJ wkeo f mG ;ygw,f? yjcKyfxu J taumifqw dk m
bmaumifreS ;f vnf; rodygb;l ? +yD;awmh ud, k t fh vSnv fh nf; b,fawmha&mufrvJq+dk yD; awG;aerdum
aovdu k cf sipf wd f ay:vm ygawmhw,f? usaemfq&dk if bk&m;udk t}udr}f udrf w+yD; qkawmif;aerdygw,f?
jrefjrefvw G af jrmufygapqdw k Jh qkrsKd ;awmhr[kwb f ;l ? axmifjrefjrefydk@ ygapvdk@yJ qkawmif;rdygw,f? axmifuydk dk@
vduk &f if axmufvrS ;f a&;&Jh trsKd ;rsKd ; nSi;f yrf;ESyd pf ufaewJh vufu vGwaf jrmufrmS rdk@ygy?J usaemf&h Jh
vuf&t Sd aetxm;eJ@q&dk if jyefrvGwzf dk@ &mE_e;f ayguf aocsmaeygw,f?
tdro f mxJuaomufa&
(C)
usaemfudk p+yD;ppfaq;awmh usaemft h cef;uae oD;oef@ tcef;xJudk ac:oGm;ygw,f? +yD;awmh
usaemfu h dk p+yD;ppfaq;ygw,f?
“rif;u rif;tdrrf mS rtdyaf wmh b,frmS oGm;tdyw f mvJ/ b,ftrd af wGu rif;udv k ufcx H m;ovJ”
usaemfvnf;ud, k ufh udk ,fwifxm;cJw h Jh aus;Zl;&Sif xrif;&Siaf wGudk 'kuaQ &mufapr,fh tjzpfrsKd ;
ra&mufapzdk@ twGuf olwdk@ar;wJah r;cGe;f udk owdxm; ajzqd+k yD; rEWav;eJ@ &efuek +f rdK@u bke;f }uD; ausmif;awG
rSmcdu k yf aexdik cf &Jh w,fvdk@ jyefajzqdck yJh gw,f? tJ'rD mS owdjyKrdwm wpfcu k awmh axmufvrS ;f a&;awG[m
pHpk rf;ppfaq;rSw k pfck vkyw f t Jh cgwidk ;f olwdk@&Jh tpGr;f tpeJ@bmrS pHpk rf;xm;wmr&Syd J usaemfwdk@&Jh
xGuq f cdk suaf wGuo dk m tomav;rSw+f yD; +cdr;f ajcmuf/ [de;f a[muf+yD;rS vku d af &;om; rSww f rf;vkyw f mudk
omawG@&ygw,f?
'gtjyif jyifyrSm usaemfwdk@wawG vSyk &f mS ;r_awG twlwl jyKvkycf =Jh uwJh &JabmfawG wcsed w f nf;/
wpf+ydKifwnf;rSm tzrf;tqD;cH&wJt h cgrsKd ;rSm qdv k dk@&&Sd if xGuq f cdk suaf wG rwlnw D Jh xGuq f rdk r_ sKd ;awG &Scd &Jh if
usaemfwdk@&Jh vdrv f nfr_uay:oGm;+yD; jyefvnfppfaq;wmawG/ &du k Ef u
S w f mawG jyKvkycf &H ygw,f?
ppfaq;aewJh &ufawGxu J wpf&ufrmS usaemfu h dk olwdk@awG ae@vnfyidk ;f rSm ppfaq;ygw,f?
p+yD;ppfaq;csed x f u J xrif;vnf;raus;G / a&vnf;rwdu k /f taygt h yg; oGm;cGiafh wmifray;wma=umifh
usaemfrh mS 'kuQ pa&mufygawmhw,f?
olwdk@ar;or#ajzae&if;u tmacgiaf wGajcmufuyfvmwma=umifh usaemf a&wpfcu G af vmuf
aomufcsiyf gw,f vdk@ajymawmh r&ao;bl;qd+k yD; jyefajzygw,f? a&iwfvmwma=umifh olwdk@ar;or#quf
rajzEdik af vmufatmifudk vluarm[du k vf m+yD; a&aomufcsipf w d rf sm; xde;f rEdik af tmif jzpfryd gw,f?
usaemfah b;cef;u &Jarmfx;l uvnf; a&aomufcsiw f m&,f/ qD;oGm;csiw f m&,f udak wmif;qdw k Jh
toHu=dk um;vdu k &f ygw,f? tJ'aD wmh &Jarmfx;l tcef;xJu axmufvrS ;f a&;u a&aomufcsi&f if ao;r
aygu&f bl;? ao;aygucf si&f if a&raomufb;l vdk@ ajym+yD; }udKufwma&G;cdik ;f ygw,f? tJ't D cgrmS &Jarmfx;l u
ol@rmS a&vnf;tifrwef iwfaea=umif;/ qD;vnf; qufratmifEh idk af wmhvdk@ udu k af ea=umif; awmif;awmif;
yefyefeJ@ jyefajymygw,f?
'gayr,fh axmufvrS ;f a&;&Jh “a[haumif/ rif;udk vlvadk jymaewm em;rvnfb;l vm;/ rif;tvkyf
wckwnf;r[kwb f ;l / igrmS tjcm;tvky&f aSd o;w,f? jrefjrefajym wpfcyk &J r,f” qdw k t Jh oH}uD;u [de;f xGuf
vmygw,f? &Jarmfx;l vnf; qD;yJomG ;awmhr,fq+dk yD; tdro f mudk tjrefydk@ cdik ;f ygawmhw,f? usaemfvnf;
&Jarmfx;l tcef;zufu udp+P yD;vkd@ em&D0ufavmuf t=umrSmyJ usaemfah &S@pm;yGrJ mS xdik +f yD; usaemfajymor#udk
vdu k af &;aewJh owW0gu“dk tud/k usaemfq;D oGm;csiv f dk@” vdk@ajymvdu k af wmh owW0gu pdwaf jymif;oGm;+yD;
“at;/ vdu k yf dk@ay;r,f” vdk@jyefajymygw,f?
useG af wmfvnf; tcGit fh a&;&wke;f ajymOD;rSq+dk yD;“tud/k usaemfreufuwnf;u
a&vnf;raomuf&ao;bl;/ a&aomufcsiyf gw,f?” ajymawmh“a&aomufcsi&f ifawmh ao;raygub f ;l /
ao;aygucf si&f if a&raomuf&bl;/ wpfc&k r,f/ tcka&,lrvm;/ qD;awmhroGm;&bl;/ atmifx h m;/
'Dtcef;xJrmS oGm;vdk@uawmh rif;ud, k w f idk f v#meJ@jyefvsu&f r,f” usaemfu h jdk yef+yD; jcdr;f ajcmufygawmhw,f?
usaemfvnf; a&raomuf&vnf;aeygap/ qD;yJomG ;awmhr,fvdk@ tajzjyefay;vdu k yf gw,f? tJ'D
awmh axmufvrS ;f a&;uae quf+yD; “rif;wdk@ udak &rwdu k w f m ao;c% c%ayguv f kd@/ igwdk@trd o f m vdu k yf dk@
&wm tvky&f ySk v f dk@ rwdu k w f m&Si;f +yDvm;/ uJtrd o f m oGm;r,f”
 usaemfut dk rd o f m vdu k yf dk@ygw,f? tdro f mudak &mufawmh qD;udt k &ifomG ;+yD; tdro f mxJu a&udk
aomufa&tjzpf oufrw S +f yD; tirf;r& t0aomufvu dk yf gw,f? +yD;rS usaemfyh g;pyfudk aoaocsmcsm jyef
okwyf gw,f? wpf&ufavmuf a&iwfaevdk@ tdro f mxJua&udk aomufvu dk &f wmeJ@ tawmfu h dk vef;vef;
qef;qef; jzpfomG ;ygw,f? usaemft h macgiaf wGjyef+yD; pdpk w G f vmygawmhw,f?
wpf&ufrmS awmh nuuseG af emfu h dk wpfnvH;k ppfaq;xm;vdk@ yifyef;+yD; tdyaf rmusaewke;f usaemfh
tcef;wHcg;udk zGiw fh t Jh oH=um;vdk@ &kww f &wfvef@ Ed;k oGm;ygw,f? xifwt Jh wdik ;f yJ usaemfah jcaxmufudk zdeyf
awGeJ@uef+yD; twif;xcdik ;f ygw,f?
“a[haumif...xprf;/ rif;'dik , f m&Dpmtkyx f uJ (MT 380/54)qdw k m bmoauFwvJ”
usaemfu usaemfo h il ,fcsi;f wpfa,mufjzpfwJh a'gy+Hk rdK@e,fu tajccHynmausmif;om; jrwfou l dk
axmufvrS ;f a&;u vGecf w Jh t Jh ywftwGi;f u zrf;qD;cJ+h yD; w&m;&H;k xkwcf aJh =umif;/ trSu k idk &f rJ S jrwfot l m;
yk'rf 380/54 jzifh trSzk iG t fh a&;,lcaJh =umif;/ tJ'u D pd tP m;odI rSwo f m;xm;jcifjzpfa=umif; aoaocsmcsm
&Si;f jyygw,f? 'gayr,fh axmufvrS ;f a&;t&m&Su d ,H=k unfyrHk ayguyf J
“rif;rvdref J@...'gawmxJurd;k oD;ZGeef J@ yufoufwJh tquftoG,o f auFwr[kwv f m;”
qd+k yD;wzufoufpwif pGypf yGJ gawmhw,f? usaemfur[kwaf =umif; jiif;qdyk gw,f? 'gbmoauFwvJq+dk yD;
xyfxyfwvJvJ r&ru ar;ygw,f? olwdk@auseyfavmufwJh tajzr&wma=umifh 'l;auG;/ ajccG/J vufajrSmuf
taetxm;eJ@(1)em&Davmufaecdik ;f ygw,f?
yHyk su&f if 'gvmr,fq+dk yD; ukvm;xdik af y:u wa,mufu +cdr;f ajcmufygw,f? bmvmrvJqw dk m
olujyayr,fh usaemfah cgi;f u acgi;f pGyaf =umifh rjrif&yg? aemufc%aeawmh rif;rSerf eS af jzrvm;vdk@
ar;cGe;f xyfxw k yf gw,f? usaemfvnf; tdyaf ewJt h csed f 0ke;f 'dik ;f }uJ+yD; r[kww f mawG vmpGypf aGJ eawmh
awmfawmf a'goxGuo f mG ;ygw,f? r[kww f mudk twif;t"rR 0efccH idk ;f aewma=umifh
“cifAsm;wdk@ pGypf w GJ m rSm;ae+yD/ usaemfajymwmudk r,Hb k ;l qd&k if tif;pdeaf xmifrmS tcsKyfb0eJ@ csKyfcx H m;&wJh
jrwfoq l w dk m rvGwaf o;bl;/ &Sw d ,f/ cifAsm;wdk@ r,H&k ifppHk rf;=unfEh idk w f ,f? usaemfajymwm r[kw&f if
}udKufwt Jh jypfay;Edik w f ,f”
usaemfa'go xGux f u G ef J@ jyefajymvdu k w f ,f?
“at;/ igwdk@ppHk rf;=unfOh ;D r,f? r[kwv f dk@uawmh rif;ydek m+yDomrSw”f
aemufwckuawmh usaemfo h il ,fcsi;f bke;f bke;f u ab;tEW&m,f uif;atmifq+dk yD; ay;xm;wJh tif;av;
azmifawmfO;D bk&m;u ydwpf teDav;u axmufvrS ;f a&;&Jh tEW&m,fu rumuG,Ef idk yf J trSyk g
xyfwufvu dk yf gao;w,f? usaemfu h dk ppfaq;aepOfrmS usaemfzrf;rdc&H pOfu usaemfeJ@twlygvmwJh tdwef J@
tjcm; ypPn;f awGudk wpfa,mufu,lvm+yD; tcef;xJ0ifvmygw,f?+yD;awmh
“a[haumif/ 'DteDa&mifu ydwpf vm;/ vufyufvm;/ ezl;pnf;vm;/ tcsed ;f tcsuv f yk w
f o Jh auFw vm;”
“useG af wmfu bmoauFwrSr[kwyf gb;l vdk@ ajym+yD; 'DypPn;f [mtif;av;azmifawmfO;D bk&m;u pGef@wJh
ouFe;f pjzpfa=umif;/ tJ'o D uFe;f prSm tif;av;azmifawmfO;D a*gyutzGJ@&Jh wHqyd w f ;Hk vnf; yga=umif;
&Si;f jyvku d yf gw,f? tJ'aD emufyidk ;f 'Dupd eP J@yufouf+yD; bmrSqufrar;awmhvdk@ +yD;qH;k oGm;+yD xifayr,fh
usaemft h r_udk ppfc&Hk ;Hk rSmwif+yD;ppfwJh tcgusawmh cGyaf 'gi;f wHqyd yf g teDa&mifvufywfq+dk yD; oufaocH
ypPn;f tjzpfeJ@ wifygw,f?
tif;av;azmifawmfO;D bk&m;u ouFe;f p[m e0w&Jh ppfc&Hk ;Hk a&mufawmhrS cGyaf 'gi;f vufyufb0udk csucf si;f
ajymif;oGm;vdk@ usaem w f tHw h =o jzpfomG ;rdygw,f?
a,mufzud=k uufOwdu
k jf cif;

(i)

usaemfwdk@ tajccHynmausmif;om;or*~(&efuek w f idk ;f )uae+yD; e0w&Jh vl@tcGit fh a&; csKd ;azmuf

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ygao;w,f?
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Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;eJ@tzGJ@ t*FvefEidk if rH mS vGwv f yfa&;&r,fvdk@ yxOD;qH;k ajymqdck w Jh Jh tcsed rf mS jynfol
trsm;u vGwv f yfa&;&Jh a&Sah jy;erdww f cktjzpfeJ@ vGwv f yfa&;&yfuu G v
f dk@ uifyeG ;f wyfcw Jh Jh ordik ;f 0if&yfuu G f
wpfcjk zpfa=umif;/ 'gayr,fh e0w&Jph pfwyfrS ordik ;f 0ifvw G v f yG af &;uGuu f dk twif;t"rR tiftm;oH;k +yD;
&yfuu G v f ;Hk usw
G f tpkvu dk t f jyHKvdu k f ajymif;a&$ah ea=umif;/ xdjk ynforl sm;ud+k rdK@opfrsm;okd@ t"rRydk@aqmifae
a=umif; azmfjyxm;ygw,f?
tJ'aD =ujimcsupf mapmifudk axmufvrS ;f a&;awGu &&So d mG ;ygw,f? tJ'pD m&Guu f dk axmufvrS ;f a&;u
aoaocsmcsmzwf&_@+yD;
“rif;wdk@u ordik ;f 0if&yfuu G af v;/ bmav;eJ@/ b,fae&mzsuzf su/f b,fae&mydk@ydk@ rif;wdk@tyl bmygv”J
avoHrmrmeJ@ajymygw,f? pmapmif&Jh atmufzufyidk ;f u k rdwLW udk Edik if jH cm;oH&;Hk rsm;tm;vH;k
(xdik ;f Edik if rH tS y)ESifh Edik if jH cm;owif;Xmetm;vH;k (vkyo f m;jynfol@ ae@pOfowif;pmrSty) vdk@a&;om;xm;
wmudk awG@omG ;awmh pm;yGcJ u Hk dk ol@&v Jh uf0g;eJ@&udk +f yD;
“a[haumif/ vkyo f m;jynfol@ ae@pOfowif;pmuaum owif;Xmewpfck r[kwb f ;l vm;? rif;wdk@yaxG;awGudk
tm;ud;k w,f [kwv f m;”qd+k yD; usaemf&h ifbwfuv dk ufo;D eJ@ wpfcsuf ypfx;dk vdu k yf gw,f?
“rif;em;vnfatmifajymvdu k rf ,f/ igwdk@zmom b,f&yfuu G af &$@a&$@ rif;tylrygb;l / rif;eJ@ bmqdik f vdk@v/J
taeom}uD;uG/ 'gEidk if aH wmft}uD;tuJawG&Jh apwem/ tJ'aD pwemudk apmfum;w,f vlujzifh
wrdu k af vmufy&J aSd o;w,f/ vlyg;0vdk@/ rif;ub,favmuf em;vnfvdk@v”J
“.........”
“rif;wdk@yaxG;awG toHvi$ Xfh meu ajymwmawGudk t[kw}f uD;xif+yD; ody, f rHk aeeJ@? rif;acgi;f xJrmS
+rJ+rJrwS x f m;/ rif;odxm;zdk@u tckwidk ;f jynfut dk yk cf sKyfaewJh ol[m b,fov l ”J
“.........”
“a&ajr@ocifu/G rif;... uG? rif;}um;zl;vm;”
“=um;zl;ygw,f”
“at;/ 'DEidk if &H Jh a&/ ajrawGudk ydik q f idk w f Jh ocifu/G b,fajrrqdyk idk w f ,f/ oltyk cf sKyfwt Jh csed rf mS olvyk cf sio f vdk
vkyv f dk@&w,f”
“.........”
“rif;ud&k iS ;f &Si;f bJajymr,f/ ocsKFd if;uke;f uajrutp rif;rdef@/ rif;tm%meJ@ a&G@vdk@&w,f?ukeu f ek f
ajymr,fumG / rif;wdk@ taztaraewJh ae&mawGuadk wmif tckz,f/ zsuq f dk csucf si;f zsuyf pf&r,f/
em;vnfvm;”
wif;wif;aphxm;wJh usaemft h o
H mG ;awGudk zd}udwx f m;vdu
k wf ,f? ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_ owif;awGudk
oH&;Hk awGuadk y;ydk@cJ@wmeJ@ yufouf+yD;awmh axmufvrS ;f a&;uquf+yD;ar; ygw,f?
“rif; oH&;Hk awGudk b,fvykd pHk eH J@ owif;ay;wmvJ”
“oH&;Hk u owif;Xmeudk 'Dtwdik ;f yJomG ;ay;ygw,f”
“olwdk@u 'Dtwdik ;f yJvufco H vm;”
“[kwu f /Jh vufcyH gw,f”
“bmowif;awGrif;ydk@co Jh vJ”
“ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_ owif;rSeo f r#ydk@ cJyh gw,f”
“b,fEpS }f udraf vmufydk@jzpfvnf;”
“usaemfta&twGuf aoaocsmcsm rrSwrf yd gb;l ”
“'gqdk trsm;}uD;jzpfrmS ayg”h
“usaemfc%c% roGm;&Jygb;l / oH&;Hk tjyifzufrmS axmufvrS ;f a&;awG &Sad ew,fqv dk dk@yg”
“tJ'v D dk rif;u oH&;Hk awGudk owif;ay;awmh oH&;Hk awGu rif;udb k mjyefay;vJ”
“bmrSjyefray;bl;”
“a[haumif aygah ygq h q rajzeJ@/ oGm;usKd ;oGm;r,f/ igajymwm oH&;Hk urif;udk OyrmuGm tar&duef
a':vmrsKd ;/ 'gr[kwrf odrom rif;udo k wif;ay;vdk@ jyefay;wJyh pHk rH sKd ; r[kwyf J rif;twGuv f ufaqmif
vdak xmufyw Hh mrsKd ; bmay;zl;vJ”
“useG af wmfbmrSr&ygb;l / usaemfu0g'jzef@ &Ho k ufoufygy/J bmtaxmuftyHrh rS &ygb;l / urBmudk odatmif
0g'jzef@ wmwckwnf;ygy”J
“bmvdk@urBmudak wmfawmftm;ud;k ae&wmvJ/ rif;wdk@u qlqyl yl jl zpfatmifvyk /f igwdk@u rjzpfoifw h mawG
rjzpfatmif udik w f , G &f if rif;wdk@u r[kwrf rSew f mawG owif;ay;/ urBmuigwdk@udk todtrSwf
rjyKatmifvyk /f [kwv f m;/&w,f/ igwdk@ubmrSrjzpfb;l / rif;wdk@y'J u k aQ &mufrmS / urBmu tqufjzwfawmhvJ
bmjzpfv/J a[haumif 26ESpv f ;Hk vH;k b,fol@taxmuftyHrh S r,lyaJ ecJw h muG/ 8888 aemufwcg
jzpfawmhaum 0efxrf;awG&o Sd r#/ aumfyadk &;&Si;f &So d r# tuket f ukef oydwaf rSmuft;Hk / wdk@rmS wyf&w Sd ,f/
'dk@wyfrawmfrmS q&m0efawG&w Sd ,f/ tif*sief , D mawG/ todynm&Sif twwfynm&Sif wyfrawmf
om;awG&w Sd ,f/ tpd;k &,EW&m; &yfomG ;r,frxifeJ@/ wufwufpifvo GJ mG ;r,f/ aemufigwdk@ tpd;k &vl}uD;awG
tkycf sKyfwek ;f 8888vdyk pHk rH sKd ; xyfrjzpfap&bl;/ rSwx f m;?”
“.........”
“rif;wdk@ a':atmifqef;pk=unf qdw k muvnf; wdik ;f jynftwGuf bmwpfcv k yk af y;cJw
h m&Sv
d /J rif;
pOf;pm;=unf/h ol@tazt&Sed ef J@/ Adv k cf sKyfqw dk muGm rif;wdk@u pmtkyaf v;zwf/ tmZmenfae@a&mufrS
tav;jyKzl;wmyg? igwdk@wyfrawmfxrJ mS ae@widk ;f tav;jyKopPmqdak ewmuG/ rif;wdk@xufycdk spw f ,f/
wdik ;f jynftwGuf bmwpfcrk S tepfemcHcw Jh m r&Syd eJ J@ ol@taraeraumif;wmvm&if; zsm0ifcif;wm/
ay:wif}uD; ygumG ”
a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ yufouf+yD; pmeJ@a&;jyzdk@ roifah wmfaom pum;vH;k rsm;jzifh quf+yD; ajym qdyk gw,f?
a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk yk*Kd~ vfa&;t& ykwcf wf+yD; atmufwef;usaom toH;k tE_e;f rsm;jzifh apmfum;
ajymjyefygw,f? tm;&atmif ajymqd+k yD;rS usaemfu h dk ppfaq;aewm jyefpygw,f?
“rif;oH&;Hk awGudk owif;ydk@awmh oH&;Hk urif;udk owif;wyk'f b,favmufay;vJ”
“useG af wmfwpfjym;rSr&ygb;l ”
“rif;vdraf ewm” qd+k yD; 'Dar;cGe;f udyk J xyfwvJvJ jyefar;ygw,f? usaemfuvnf; jyefjiif;ygw,f?
(2)}udraf vmuf jiif;+yD;wJt h cgusawmh aemufwa,mufu usaemfyh g;udk bmrajym/ nmrajymeJ@ 0if&u dk f
ygawmhw,f? usaemfvnf; &kww f &uf}uD; cHvu dk &f wmrdk@ rsuvf ;Hk awG jymqif;oGm;ygw,f?
acs;G ap;awGjyefvm+yD; touf&u _ syv f mygw,f? &du k Ef u
S rf [_ m c%av;yJ =umw,fqadk yr,fh 0dik ;f +yD;
xd;k ESu=f uwma=umifh aysmah cGomG ;ovdk jzpfomG ;ygw,f? xd;k ESurf u _ wpfa,mufwnf; r[kww f muawmh
used ;f aoygw,f?
“oH&;Hk urif;udk b,favmufay;vJ”
“wpfjym;rSray;ygb;l ”
usaemfqu D tajzjyef&awmh usaemfv h ufEpS zf ufudk aemufjyefypf+yD; rsuEf mS udk tkwef &H eH J@ jym;aeatmif
uyfcidk ;f ygw,f? rif;udu k yfcidk ;f wm tJ'v D ydk pHk rH [kwb f ;l uG vdk@q+dk yD; usaemfch E<mud, k u
f dk aemufuae
wtm;aqmif+h yD; zdvu dk yf gw,f? usaemfrh suEf mS udk tkwef &H eH J@ awhqidk x f m;+yD; qHyifudk aemufuae aqmifq h GJ
xm;vdu k w f ,f
“rif;rSerf eS af jzrvm;/ rajzbl;vm;”
“igwdk@udk a'goxGuaf tmif vmrprf;eJ@/ rif;udo k &H ;Hk u bmjyefay;vJ”
“wu,f bmrSray;ygb;l ”
usaemfh toHawG wke&f aD ewmudk owdxm;&if;uyJ jyefajzvdu k yf gw,f? usaemfh qHyifudk qGx J m;&if;u
tkwef &H eH J@ wpfcsuaf qmifch v H u dk &f ygw,f?
“a[haumif/ acgi;f rrmeJ@”
“usaemftom;temcH+yD; ayuyfuyfvrd af ewm r[kwyf gb;l / um,uH&iS af wGtodq;Hk yJ/ wu,fudk
wpfjym;qdk wpfjym;rSr&bl;/ olwdk@uvnf; usaemfu h rdk ay;zl;bl;/ cifAsm;wdk@ auseyfatmifvrd f +yD;xGuq f dk
ay;&rSmvm;/ 'gqdk cifAsm;wdk@u oH&;Hk uuseG af wmfudk bmawGay;w,fvdk@ xGuq f adk pcsiv
f /J usaemfajymr,f”
tJ'rD mS eH&rH mS uyfxm;wJo h u l usaemfch E<mud, k u f dk jyefcmG +yD; ppfaq;zdk@ taetxm;twdik ;f 'l;auG;/ ajccG/J
vufajrSmufcidk ;f ygw,f? awmfawmfeJ@ rppfaq;ao;ygb;l / aemufrS
“a[haumif/ tarausmf a'G;awmf vGr;f w,fqw dk Jh pum;vH;k udek m;vnfvm;”
“[kwu f /Jh em;vnfygw,f”
“-D; em;vnfwmvm;/ rif;em;vnf&if 'Duadk &mufvmp&m ta=umif;r&Sb d ;l / igwdk@vnf;rif;udk
ppfaq;p&mr&Sb d ;l / rif;wdk@udk tcsed af wGuek /f vlawGuek ef J@ rjzpfoifw h mawG rjzpf&atmif zrf;&/ qD;&/
xde;f odr;f &eJ@ vl}uD;awGu tem*gwf Edik if aH wmfwnfaqmufwJh tvkyaf wGudk vkyaf ewmuG/ rif;wdk@vdk
zsuq f ;D wJh aumifawG&v Sd dk@ wd;k wufa&;vkyif ef;awG aESmifah ES;ae&wm/ uJajymprf;ygO;D / tar ausmaf 'G;awmf
vGr;f w,f qdw k mudrk if;od&if”
“rdcift&if;udk ausm+f yD; rdaxG;udk wrf;wwmudk ajymwmyg?”
“at;/ rif;wdk@u tJ'gxufawmifq;dk ao;w,f/”
“a,mufzudk =uufOwdu k w f aJh umifawG/”
“a,mufzudk =uufOwdu k w f ,fqw dk m rif;odvm;/ a,mufzudk =uufOwdu k af wmh rif;nDryJ emrSmayg?h ”
“.........”
“rif;rSmnDr&Sv d m;”
“r&Syd gb;l ”
“tr&Sv d m;”
“r&Syd gb;l ”
“tarawmh&w Sd ,fr[kwv f m;”
“&Syd gw,f”
“.........”
“at;/ rif;tarae&mrSm rdaxG;xm;=unfph rf;/ rif;vufcrH vm;”
“.........”
“rat-d;k ykqed &f ;dk awG/ a[haumif rif;wdk@'aD vmufawmif oH&;Hk awGudk tm;ud;k +yD; owif;awG[ydk dk@/
'Dydk@vyk af ewm rif;wdk@tusKd ;tjrwfwpfcck ak wmh&vdk@jzpf&r,f? bmawG&vJ/ rSerf eS af jzprf;/”
“usaemfwu,fajymwmyg/ bmrSr&ygb;l ”
“-D;bmrSr&yJ 'Dtvkyu f v
dk yk rf vm;uG/ apmuft"dy`g,rf &Sw d mawG vmajymraeeJ@/ a[haumif 'DaumifawG
rif;wdk@ub dk mawGcikd ;f ao;vJ”
“bmrSrcdik ;f ygb;l ”
“a[haumif/ apmufwvGaJ wG ajymraeeJ@/ rif;tar/ rif;ESrawGudk 'Duv k m;jzLawGeJ@ qufq&H rSmudk rif;wdk@u
vdv k m;w,fayg/h rif;udik gwdk@ tckvw $ af y;vdu k &f ifvnf; rif;yaxG;awGqu D dk oGm;+yD; &ifziG Ofh ;D r,f r[kwv f m;/
ajymprf;ygO;D ”
“rajymygb;l ”
“at;/ rif;rajymvJ/ v$wrf ay;bl;/ rif;wdk@awGu wdik ;f jynfudk zsuq f ;D aewJh aumifawGy/J
rif;wdk@u, dk cf si;f rpmwJah umifawG/ rif;wdk@t&G,f oli,fcsi;f awGxrJ mS at;at;csr;f csr;f ynmoif=um;csi=f u
wJh olawG&w Sd ,f? rif;wdk@awG tckvt dk "dy`g,rf &Sd av#mufvyk v f dk@ olwdk@av;awG trsm;}uD;xdcu dk w
f ,f?
qefuek af jrav;awG/ vrf;ray:rSm t"dy`g,rf &Sd [kyd gwv D }l uD;ucdik ;f / [do k &H ;Hk ucdik ;f eJ@ rif;wdk@t[kw}f uD;
atmufarh+yD; av#mufvyk /f tzrf;cH&awmh rif;wdk@yJ t&ifq;Hk tzrf;cH&wm/rif;wdk@udk
cdik ;f wJv h }l uD;awGurygovd/k rqdik o f vdk ESyaf e=uwm/ rif;wdk@u bmrSrodwJh ajrZmyifawG/ cdik ;f or#
av#mufvyk /f igwdk@utay:uae tukejf rifw,f/ odw,f/rif;wdk@aemufrmS bmawG&w Sd ,fqw dk modw,f”
“aumif;+yD/ rif;wdk@ atmfcsi&f if atmfvdk@&atmif/ awmif;csiw f mawmifvdk@ &atmif/ rif;wdk@eJ@oifah wmfwJh
ae&mydk@ay;r,f/ tJ'aD e&ma&mufrS rif;wdk@ vdck siw f mtukeaf wmif;/ =um;vm;”
zufqpfwyfrawmf&Jh aumif;rGerf a_ wGudk cs;D rGr;f cef;zGi+fh yD;(7)&ufajrmufwaJh e@rmS usaemfah cgi;f u rsuEf mS zH;k udk
csw G cf idk ;f ygw,f? +yD;awmh usaemf&h Jh xGuq f cdk suaf wGudk vufEySd pf ufeJ@ &du k x f m;wJh pm&Guaf wGrmS
vufrw S x f ;dk cdik ;f ygw,f? tJ'pD m&Gux f rJ mS bmawGygw,f/ bmawGa&;xm;w,fqw dk m jyefvnfzwfciG rfh ay;yJ
vufrw S u f ydk J xd;k cdik ;f wmyg?
olwdk@a&;xm;wJh pm&Guaf wGay:rSm vufrw S xf ;dk aepOf olwdk@&rJh suEf mS awGudk usaemfrjrif&atmif
usaemfah cgi;f udk pm;yGcJ eHk J@ eD;eD;uyfuyf iHk@cidk ;f xm;ygw,f? usaemfu h dk ppfaq;wJh axmufvrS ;f a&;wpfa,muf
olzwfzdk@,v l mwJh r*~Zif;pmtkyu f dk usaemfvrS ;f =unfrh yd gw,f?
tJ'rD *~Zif;pmtkyaf usmzH;k u a&$yZk eG u f w d rf ek f@ a=umfjimay:rSm pnf;wHqyd f wpfcu k dk awG@&vkd@ trSwrf xif
=unfv h u dk af wmh “trSw(f 7)wyfrawmfaxmufvrS ;f a&;wyf/ pm=unfw h u dk ”f qdw k m udak wG@ &ygw,f?

tr_wG
waJG wGeJ@ twl tcsKyfodk@

(p)

naexrif;udk jrefjrefpm;cdik ;f aeuwnf;u usaemfu h dk axmifudk ydk@awmhr,fqw dk m &dyrf v

d u
dk yf gw,f?
jrefjrefvyk /f ydwo
f mG ;OD;r,f qd+k yD; olwdk@tcsi;f csi;f ajymqdak eoHawG cyfw;dk wd;k =um;ae&ygw,f? 'Daxmuf
vSr;f a&;pcef;uae vGwaf jrmuf+yD; axmifuo dk mG ;&awmhrmS rdk@ pdwx
f rJ mS usw
d +f yD; 0rf;omaerdygw,f?
axmufvrS ;f a&;pcef;&Jh nSi;f yrf; ESyd pf ufra_ wGudk usaemfwek v f y_ rf yd gw,f? axmufvrS ;f a&;i&Jcef;
uaevGwaf jrmufawmhrmS rdk@ axmifuo dk m jrefjrefydk@ygawmhvdk@ qkawmif;aerdygw,f? axmufvrS ;f a&;qDrmS
(1)&ufae&wm touf(1)ESpw f o
dk mG ;ovdk cHpm;&wma=umifrh dk@yg? &Jarmfx;l tcef;qDrS tpfu/dk xrif;
vdck siv f dk@... qdw k Jh xrif;xyfawmif;oHudk }um;&ygw,f? [...igah umif}uD; pm;Edik v f cS snv f m;vdk@ usw d +f yD;
cs;D rGr;f vdu k yf gw,f? usaemfh rSmrpm;Edik yf g? &Jarmfx;l wa,muf axmufvrS ;f a&;0Éfu usw G af wmhr,fqw dk Jh
todeJ@rdk@ xrif;pm;aumif;aewmvnf; jzpfEidk yf gw,f?
olwdk@aus;G wJh xrif;[if;u trJom;t&Gwef J@ [if;&Guaf wGa&maESm+yD; a=umfxm;wmyg? trJom;u
udu k rf &atmif rma=umaeygw,f? usaemfvnf; tenf;i,f avmufypJ m;+yD; axmifuo dk mG ;zdk@ b,fawmh
vmac:rvJq+dk yD; apmifah evdu k yf gw,f? c%=umawmh wcef;csi;f emrnfac:+yD; um;ay:udk wifygawmhw,f?
tjcm;olawG emrnfac:+yD; um;ay:wifaecsed f usaemfrh mS pdwaf wGvy_ &f mS ;vmygw,f? igurdk ac:yJxm; cJ&h if
qdw k t Jh awG;u ajcmufveS f@aeygw,f? usaemfwdk@ vlawGtm;vH;k 'Dvydk J cHpm;=urSm trSeyf gy?J
e0wppfaxmufvrS ;f a&; pHpk rf;ppfaq;wJh Xmeqdw k m}uD;u b,fuavmufq;dk &Gm; emusn;f p&maumif;ovJ
&ufpufjyif;xefvo S vJqw dk m usaemf a&;cs rajymwwfygb;l ? c%=umawmh usaemfeh mrnfuadk c:ygw,f?
“aevif;”
um;ay:udk usaemfwdk@a&mufawmh armfawmfum;&Jh aemufcef;rSm aqmifah =umift h aetxm;eJh acgi;f awGudk
iHk@cidk ;f ygw,f? +yD;awmh(2)a,mufwwGq J D xdik cf idk ;f ygw,f? xdyq f ;Hk ydik ;f &Jh b,fzufyidk ;f rSm vSrsKd ;aemif(rSe}f uD;)eJ@
nmzufrmS udak tmifxeG ;f wdk@wwG/J aemuf &Jausmpf mG eJ@ om;n$ef@O;D uwwG/J usaemfeJ@ &Jarmfx;l uwwGJ
jzpfygw,f?
&uD;Q (nDaxG;cdik )f uawmh wpfa,mufwnf;jzpfygw,f? um;ay:udk tm;vH;k a&mufawmh um;eHab;u
vdu k u f mawGudk csvu dk yf gw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfw h dk@awG tm;vH;k udk apmifeJ@ tkyv f u dk yf gw,f? acgi;f awGudk
=urf;jyifeJ@ xdcidk ;f xm;wma=umifh wpfa,mufwifyg;eJ@ wpfa,mufacgi;f qufaeygawmhw,f?
axmufvrS ;f a&;vufu vGw+f yD; tr_waGJ wG wpfa,mufrsuEf mS wpfa,muf=unfah wmh
axmufvrS ;f a&;pcef;wke;f u rsuEf mS awGr[kwyf J ajymifpyfpyfjzpfae+yD; [dpk um;/ 'Dpum;ESpcf eG ;f /
oH;k cGe;f avmuf toHawGenf;enf; xGuv f mvmygw,f? axmufvrS ;f a&;u usaemfw h dk@udk aiguv f u dk yf gw,f?
'D=um;xJreS }f uD;(vSrsKd ;aemif)u ol@zifudk tcseG ef J@x;dk aew,fvdk@ xatmfwma=umifh =unfv h u dk af wmh
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csi;f awGeJ@ wdak wmif;wJh tcsed af v;rSm cGcJ mG cJ&h ygw,f? tcsKyfcef;xJudk jyefomG ;&+yD; tdru f ay;vdu k w
f Jh
txkwaf wGudk vufrmS wif;wif;usyu f syf qkyu f idk vf u dk +f yD; w&m;&H;k uae jyefqif;vmcJyh gw,f?
useG af emfwdk@udk wifaqmifac:oGmr,fh tcsKyfum;ay:a&mufawmh atmufuv dk rS ;f =unfv
h udk yf gw,f?
rsu&f nfawG=um;u tm;wif;+yD; jyHK;jyae&Smae=uwJh rdbawG/ oli,fcsi;f awGu=dk unf+h yD; tHuzdk }d udwf
xm;vdu k yf gw,f? &ifxrJ mS vdu _ uf eJ qdk@wufvmjyefw,f? tcsKyfum;bD;pvdrcfh sed rf mS w&m;&H;k a&S@rmS
vufjyusecf w Jh Jh rdbawGeJ@ oli,fcsi;f awGudk vufjyESw k q f ufvu dk yf gw,f? udak tmif(udx k eG ;f jrifah tmif)&Jh
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“eifwdk@ bmrSryl=ueJ@/ ukvor*~u *syefr}uD;vmawmhr,f”
olwdk@ajymwmu ukvor*~rS jrefrmEdik if &H Jh vl@tcGit fh a&;csKd ;azmufra_ wGudk pHpk rf;ppfaq;zdk@twGuf
ukvor*~u, dk pf m;vS,f *syeftrsKd ;orD;wpfO;D jrefrmEdik if u H dk r=umcif vma&mufr,fh ta=umif;udk
ajymwmjzpfygw,f?
1990 ckEpS rf mS ukvor*~u, dk pf m;vS,f *syeftrsKd ;orD; rpPpf tdu k mwmudk jrefrmEdik if u H v
dk mzdk@
yxrOD;qH;k t}udrf apv$wjf cif;yJjzpfygw,f?

5(n)awGudk cd;k rSyk 'k rf wyfawmh

(*)
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k ckudk apmifah e
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axmifudk quf+yD;armif;ESio f mG ;ygawmhw,f?
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pnfo0l if;qdo k jl zpf+yD;/ aemufwpfa,mufu Anm; yJjzpfygw,f? olwdk@EpS af ,mufv;Hk [m
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pm;p&mawG xnfah y;vdu k w f x Jh rif;bl;xJu toifyh gvmwJch uf&if;eJ@ ol@q;D pyfudk oljyefaxmufvu dk yf gw,f?
+yD;awmh ol@udk w&m;pGq J x dk m;wJh yk'rf (380/ 54)udk jyefjzKwf+yD; jyifqifay;zdk@/ rjyifay;ygu ol@u, dk u f o
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=um;xm;ygw,f/ c%apmifyh g” vdk@&u J jyefajymygw,f? vSrsKd ;aemifu
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ydwyf ifjcif; cHvu dk &f ygawmhw,f?
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vSr;f a&;uae ajymif;vJjyifqifcaJh yr,fh tcsKd @orl sm;&Jh tr_awGuadk wmh jyefjyifqifray;awmhyg? e0w
tusO;f axmifawGxrJ mS Edik if aH &;yk'rf eJ@ axmifusvmwJh Edik if aH &;tusO;f orm;OD;a& rsm;jym;vmrSm pd;k &dr+f yD;
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&Guo f al wG&*Jh %
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e0wtusO;f axmiftwGi;f trsm;tjym; jzpfymG ;aeygw,f?

(C)

jcifaxmifawG/ arG@,mawG&aJh xmif

usaemfwdk@aexdik w f Jh oD;oef@ tusO;f axmifudk pnfo0l if;eJ@ Anm;wdk@ a&muf&v Sd mawmh r=umcifrmS
yJ aemufxyfvo l pfawG a&muf&v Sd mw,fqw dk Jh owif;ud=k um;&wJh tjcm;tcef;uolawGu b,fol
awGvnf;qdw k modcsiv f dk@ ar;jref;pHpk rf;=uygw,f?
tJ'rD mS yJ wyfO;D tr_waGJ wGxu J udo k 0S;D qdwk Jh weoFm&Dwidk ;f om;[m pum;ajymwJah e&mrSm
tifrwefrS toH0o J wl pfa,mufjzpf+yD; cyfwnfwnfeJ@tp taemufoefow l pfa,mufvnf;jzpfygw,f?
oD;oef@ axmifupdk a&mufvmwJh pnfo0l if;eJ@ Anm;wdk@ukd oifcef;pmawGydk@csygawmhw,f? pnfo0l if;
udpk +yD;awmh
“cifAsm;wdk@tcef;rSm jcifaxmif&v Sd m;”
“[m...r&Syd gb;l ”
“tJ'rD mS bmawG&v Sd ”J
“*efzvm;(1)vH;k / apmifyg;eJ@ zsm=urf;(1)csyyf &J ySd gw,f”
“jcifaxmifeJ@ acgi;f tH;k r&ao;bl;vm;”
“r&ao;ygb;l ”
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awmif;/ rawmif;&if 'DaumifawGu 'Dvydk rJ ay;bl;”
“[kwu f /Jh b,fol@qrD mS awmif;&rSmvJ”
“'Dnawmh tcsed rf &Sad wmhb;l / reufusrS 0efxrf;wpfa,mufa,mufudk awmif;vdu k ”f
“[kwu f ”Jh
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r}udKuf&if ig; ay;w,f”
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Anm;wdk@uvnf; oD;oef@aqmifudk tckraS &mufwmqdak wmh udo k 0D;S ajymor# [kwu f /Jh [kwu f q
Jh +dk yD;
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udok 0S;u D quf+yD;
“rif;wdk@ rawmif;&ifawmh r&bl;aemf/ igwdk@awGuawmhtuke&f +y/D;+yD/ ar$@,maum/ jcifaxmifaum/
pm;p&mawGuvnf;aumif;ayhumG / igwdk@qdk axmifuaeawmif rxGucf siaf wmhb;l / a=omf 'geJ@ rif;wdk@rmS
aq;vdy&f v Sd m;”
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“at;/ igrmS rD;jcpf&w Sd ,f/ aq;vdyrf &Sb d ;l / igtcef;zuf enf;enf;ypfay;vdu k yf gO;D / rif;wdk@
aq;vdyaf omufwwf&if reufus&if axmifr;_ qDrmS rD;jcpfygwcgwnf;awmif;xm;/ igwdk@awGu Edik if aH &;
tusO;f om;awGqadk wmh olrsm;eJ@ rwlb;l uG”
 pnfo0l if;wdk@u udo k 0S;D ajymor#t[kw}f uD;atmufarhae+yD; ar;cGe;f awmifjyefrxkwyf J wpf[w k u f Jh
wnf; [kwu f aJh eygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@rmS olwdk@awGajymqdak e=uwmufk em;axmif&if; idt k m;xuf
&,ftm; oefqo dk vdjk zpfaeygw,f? udo k 0D;S aemufajymifra_ v;awG[m axmifxaJ &mufwek ;f pdw'f u k cQ pH m;
ae}uolawG =um;0,f pdwx f u G af yguaf v;wpfck &ovdck pH m;vdu k &f ygw,f? udo k 0S;D u pnfowl dk@udk
ajymaewJh t&mawG[m usaemfwdk@5(n)orm;awGtwGuaf um/ &d;k &d;k omreftusO;f orm;awG twGuyf g
b,fvrdk S r&Edik w
f Jh t&m0wˆKawGygy?J
pnfo0l if;wdk@uawmh reufus&if udo k 0S;D ajymwJyh pPn;f awGawmif;r,f qd+k yD;pdwt
f m;xufoefpmG eJ@
tdyaf ysmo
f mG ;av&J?h

(i)

b0oHo&meJ@ 5(n)awGb0

aemufwpfae@reuf rd;k vif;wJt h cgusawmh usaemfwdk@ tcef;awGqu D dk axmifr;_ jrifv h i_d f

a&mufvmygw,f?tJ'rD mS pnfo0l if;u rae@uudo k 0S;D xm;wJt h wdik ;f axmifrj_ rif@vi_d u f dk wpfcck si;f
wifjyygawmhw,f?
axmifr;_ u“tJ'gawGwpfcrk rS &bl;” vdk@jyefajymvdu k yf gw,f? tJ't D cgrmS pnfou l
“olrsm;awGawmif&wmyJ/ useG af wmfwdk@u bma=umifrh &&rSmvJ/ usaemfvnf;
5(n)yJ”qd+k yD;xyfajymawmh axmifr;_ jrifv h i_d f rsuv f ;Hk jyL;oGm;ygw,f?
“b,foal wG&vJ”
“[db k uftcef;u udo k 0S;D wdk@yg” axmifr;_ &Jt h =unfu h udo k 0S;D wdk@ tcef;bufuadk &mufomG ;ygw,f?
+yD;rS “rif;udb k ,foal jymwmvJ” qd+k yD; vufonfudk pHpk rf;ygawmhw,f? tJ'aD wmh pnfou l “udo k 0S;D ”
vdk@jyefajzwJt h cgrmS axmifr;_ &Jah jcvSr;f awGu udo k 0S;D wdk@ tcef;a&Sh a&mufomG ;ygawmhw,f?
“o0S;D / rif; pnfou l dk tJ'v D adk jymovm;”
udo k 0S;D uvnf; olaemufrad =umif; 0efcyH gw,f? axmifr;_ jrifv h i_d u
f oabmaumif;wJo h l jzpfaevdk@
“at;/ rif;wdk@tcsi;f csi;f aemufwmawmh aemufaygu h mG / 'gayr,fh pnfou l igu
h rdk wifjyyJ axmifyidk f
tvSnrfh mS oGm;wifjyrd&if tukejf y\emwufuek v f rd f@r,fu/G aemufwpfcg vlopfawGudk raemufygeJ@umG ”
qd+k yD; udo
k 0D;S udk =o0g'uxm ¹rGu=f um;ygawmhw,f? wpfcgu usaemfwdk@o;D oef@axmifrmS yJ[if;u
[if;&nfusaJ evdk@ udo k 0S;D u axmifr;_ jrifv h i_d u
f dk twifjyaumif;cJv h dk@ usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k yJ[if;&nfeJ@ww l Jh
yJ[if;udpk m;&cJb h ;l ygw,f? udo k 0S;D eJ@ yufouf+yD;aemufxyf&,fp&mwpfc&k ySd gao;w,f?
tif;pdeaf xmif(3)aqmifrmS usaemfwdk@eJ@uo dk 0S;D twlwal ewke;f wpf&ufrmS axmif0ifpmvmygw,f?
axmif0ifpmvmac:awmh“a'0D”qdw k eJh mrnfeJ@ axmif0ifpmwpfcak &mufvmygw,f? taqmifrmS
&Swd o Jh al wGtm;vH;k u a'0Dqw dk m rde;f raqmifrmS yJ&w Sd ,f/a,mufusm;aqmifrmS r&Sb d ;l vdk@tm;vH;k u
0dik ;f ajymvdu k =f uygw,f? aemufrS pHpk rf; =unfah wmh axmif0ifpm&H;k u pma&;u o0S;D udk a'0Dq+dk yD;
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axmif0ifpmawG@&&Smygw,f?
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taqmifawG/ tvky}f uD;awGqaD &mufomG ;vdk@ udo k 0S;DF &Jh axmif0ifpmpm&Gu[ f m [dak &muf/ 'Da&mufeJ@
udo k 0S;D qD awmfawmfeJ@jyefra&mufvmEdik b f ;l ? 'g@a=umifu h odk 0S;D u n}uD;rd;k csKyf=urS axmif0ifpm
awG@&ygawmhw,f?
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t&ifa&mufEiS fh +yD;om;jzpfwJh usaemfwdk@awGtwGuf trdef@csrJ@&ufu wpfjznf;jznf; eD;uyfvmaeygw,f?
wyfO;D tr_waGJ wGudk trdef@rcscif wpfnu udjk idr;f u“b0oHo&m”oDcsi;f udq k ydk gw,f?
aemufwpfae@ reufusawmh axmif(7)ESpu f somG ;vdk@ oD;oef@axmifA;l 0uae usaemfwdk@udk
vufuav;jy+yD; tif;pdeaf xmif}uD;u taqmif(1)udak &mufomG ;ygawmhw,f? oD;oef@axmifrmS
tcsKyfb0eJ@ ae&if; tjyifbufrmS tajctaeawG t&rf;qd;k aewm wtm;odomaeygw,f? tjyifzufrmS
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f udk +f yD;
axmufvrS ;f a&;rsm;rSm wd;k csJh ppfaq;aeygawmhw,f?
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yHpk yH [
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cHpm;&ygw,f? yxr=um;&wJh owif;u atmf*suo f wif;}uD;jzpfygw,f? atmf*suq f wdk mu rrSeo f wif;udk
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(p)
&ref,jl yef+yD;

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dk ufqwH Jh axmif0efxrf;awGeJ@q&Hk &if nzufqdk oDcsi;f udk
tcef;wcef;udk wpfy'k q f =dk uygw,f? xl;tdrof if&Jh tar@trd o
f cD si;f u npOfwpfy'k af vmufawmh ygpjrJygy?J
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=uygw,f?
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useaf eao;wJh usaemfwdk@(7)a,muftvSnfh a&mufvmygw,f? w&m;&H;k xkw&f if tdru f rdbawGeJ@
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(q)
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5(n)t& tvky=f urf;eJ@ axmif'%f(5)ESp)f
(2)? udn k aD xG;cdik -f oH;k a&mifjc,f ausmif;om;tzGJ@ (1950jynfEh pS t f a&;ay:pDrcH suf tufOya' 5(n)t&
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pDrcH sut f ufOya'yk'rf 5(n)t& tvky}f urf;ESiafh xmif'%f(4)ESp)f
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+rdK@e,fw&m;&H;k rSmwpfow k f vlpck +GJ yD; apmifah e=uygw,f?
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'Dupd u
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usaemfwdk@awG wpfO;D udw k pfO;D tjyeftvSet f m;ay;aerdygawmhw,f?
usaemfwdk@ wawGwu dk cf w
Jh Jh wdu k yf u
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a&mufcw Jh myJjzpfw,f? 'gayr,fh usaemfwdk@wu dk yf aGJ wG r+yD;qH;k ao;bl;qdw k m usaemfwdk@ arhxm;vdk@rjzpfygb;l ?
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&ifaumh+yD; =unfv h u dk yf gw,f?

tcef;(4)

(u)
tyfxnftvkycf &H jcif;
usaemfwdk@awG axmifus+yD;jzpfvdk@ oD;oef@axmifrmS &Sw d Jh tcsKyfcef;uae axmifusaqmifu
taqmif(1)udk ajymif;ae&ygw,f? axmifus+yD; wpfywfavmuftxdawmh oD;oef@rmS ae&ygao;w,f?
aemufrS jrefrmjynfaxmifawGxu J emrnf}uD; “tif;pdeAf [dk pHjy tusO;f axmif”udu k saemfwdk@ tr_waGJ wG
tm;vH;k ajymif;a&$@ &ygw,f? tif;pdeaf xmif&Jh A[dck surf jzpfwJh rde;f a*s;vfuadk &mufawmh useG af wmfwdk@
tr_waGJ wGudk taqmifwpfaqmifpD cG+J yD;ydk@ vdu
k yf gawmhw,f? usaemfuawmh trSw(f 4) tdyaf qmifudk
a&mufomG ;ygw,f? usaemfae&wJh taqmifuaxmifr;_ atmif}uD; vdk@ac:ygw,f?
 usaemf a&mufa&mufcsi;f axmifpnf;urf;awGeJ@ yufouf+yD; =o0g'ydk@csvu dk w f m tenf;qH;k (5)
em&D avmuf=umoGm;ygw,f? ae@cif;xJu axmifxrJ mS b,fvakd e&r,f pwmawGudk r+yD;qH;k Edik af tmifudk
ajymaewm axmifyw d w f Jh tcsed xf yd jJ zpfygw,f?
odyrf =umcifrmS yJ awmifOuUvmyu yef;cs/D &kyjf y/ umwGe;f q&m udb k b dk x dk eG ;f [m 5(n)eJ@
usaemfwdk@&Jh taqmifudk a&mufvmygawmhw,f? olvnf; axmifr;_ atmif}uD;&Jh =o0g'awGudk em&Daygi;f rsm;
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ac:cdik ;f w,fq+dk yD; usaemfu h dk vmac:ygw,f?
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axmifyidk Of ;D vS=unfu usaemfu h dk aoaocsmcsm pdu k =f unf+h yD; “rif;udk txufv}l uD;awGu
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yl;aygi;f +yD; owif;ay;(informer)vkyzf dk@ wdu k wf eG ;f ygawmhw,f?
aemuf+yD; usaemfaewJt h aqmifu axmifr;_ atmif}uD; udak c:+yD; “'Daumifu h =dk unfx h m;vduk ”f
vdk@ajymvdu k yf gw,f? usaemftaqmifudk jyefa&mufawmh tvkyw f m0efawG toD;oD;udk axmifus
tusO;f om;awGudk csygw,f? tJ'rD mS useG af wmfu tjcm; 5(n)awGenf;wl awmif,mrvky&f yJ oufomwJh
yef;+cH qdw k Jh bkwu f cdk say;ygw,f? usaemfvnf; axmifuswm bmrSr=umao;awmh tajctaeawG
tm;vH;k udk aoaocsmcsmrodao;vdk@ taqmifu 5(n)awGudk tusKd ;ta=umif; ar;=unf&h ygw,f?
tJ't D cgrmS olwdk@u “tJ'grif;udk tyfxnf vkyv f u dk w
f m”vdk@ajymygw,f? usaemfu tyfxnf
qdwk mbmrSe;f rodawmh olwdk@uydk J jyefar;&ygw,f?
“tyfxnfqw dk m bmvJAs”
“axmifyidk &f Jh abmufcsmaygu h mG ”
“cifAsm;wdk@[mawGu bmawGvAJ s/ usaemfbmrSem;rvnfawmhb;l ”
“'Dvu dk ”G qd+k yD; tyfxnfwdk@/ abmufcsmwdk@&Jh t"dy`g,u f dk &Si;f jyygawmhw,f? axmifxrJ mS
tusO;f OD;pD;Xmeu y pm;ay;xm;wJh a&ay:qD vlwef;pm;awGudk axmiftac:a0:t& “tyfxnf/
abmufcsm” vdk@ac:ygw,f? usaemf enf;enf;awGa0oGm;ygw,f? usaemfah qGrsKd ;todik ;f t0dik ;f xJrmS (t/ u/
p)u0efxr;f awG&w Sd ,fqw dk mvnf; wpfcgrrS =um;rdz;l yg?
usaemft h rd u f rdbawGursm; axmifyidk af wGudk aiGay;+yD;awmh usaemf axmifxrJ mS ae&xdik &f
tqifajyatmif vkyw f mrsKd ;vm;qd+k yD; awG;=unfrh yd gao;w,f? 'gayr,fh vH;k 0rjzpfEidk b f ;l qdw k m usaemf
odygw,f? usaemft h rdef@cswaJh e@rmS usaemftwGuf 'Dvydk pHk rH sKd ; =unfch idk ;f wmawG bmawGrvkyzf dk@ usaemfu h pd P
usaemfb h mom &Si;f &r,fvdk@ ajymcJyh gao;w,f? 'gayr,fph w d rf csao;vdk@ axmif0ifpmvmwJah e@rmS
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vkyaf ewmvnf; aw@&G ygw,f? wpf&ufrmS e0wywWjrm; tr_waJG wGjzpfwJh rEWav;u
aejynfawmfoef;xGe;f eJ@ tr_w(GJ 3)a,muf usaemfwdk@ taqmifudk axmifustjzpf a&mufvmygw,f?
olwdk@&Jh yk'rf u Edik if aH wmfypPn;f tvGo J ;Hk jyKvkyrf _ 6/ 1 jzpf+yD; axmif(25)ESpu f svmwJo h al wGjzpfygw,f?
olwdk@awG[m “tyfxnf” awGjzpfygw,f?
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tdy, f mcif;vkyt f yd w f aJh umif jzpfygw,f? tvkycf swt Jh cgusawmh axmifr;_ atmif}uD;uk, d w f idk f
yef;+cHbw k rf mS vdu k cf say;ygw,f?
(c)

usD;uef;rsdK;awG&Jh awmif,mavbm
mavbm tefwyk GJ

bmrS tvkyrf rsm;vSwJh yef;+cHbw k rf mS tusO;f om;awG rw&m;jynfEh u S af e+yD; wu,fu h dk yifyef;vSwJh
awmif,m tvkyb f w k rf mS awmh vltiftm;enf;enf;av;eJ@ rw&m;cdik ;f aewmudk awG@&ygw,f?
axmifr;_ atmif}uD;u awmif,mtwGuf vdt k yfaewJyh pPn;f awGukd wm0eft& raqmif&u G af y;yJ
awmif,mbkwu f tusO;f om;awGudk jy\em wpfcrk [kww f pfck vdu k &f mS aeygw,f? r=umcifrmS yJ
5(n)trsm;tjym;tvkyv f yk af ewJh awmif,mbkwef J@ axmifr;_ atmif}uD;wdk@ jy\emp jzpfygawmhw,f?
jzpfyu Hk wpfreufrmS awmif,m&Jh ta&Sb h ufjcrf;eJ@ taemufbufjcrf;udk a&avmif;zdk@twGuf
a&tjynfx h rf;vmwJh 5(n)wpfO;D (ol@emrnfu ausmaf usmv f if;vdk@yJ usaemfrw S rf yd gawmhw,f)[m
a&o,f&if; acsmv f o J mG ;ygw,f? acsmv f wJ Jh '%fa=umifh o@cl rsm cg;emoGm;ygw,f? olcg;emoGm;wma=umifh
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olvnf; taqmif(4)taemufzufu bk&m;0if;xJrmS xdik +f yD; em;aeygw,f? tJ'gudk axmifr;_ atmif}uD;
awG@omG ;+yD; awmif,mbkwu f idk u
f dk ac:vdu k yf gw,f? +yD;awmh bkwu f idk uf dk
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awmif,mbkwu f idk u
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ygw,f?
axmifr;_ atmif}uD;&Jh rsuEf mS &_ŒH rJo h mG ;ygw,f?
“igt h aqmifrmS ae&if aq;&Hu k q&m0ef&Jh axmufcpH mygwJh aq;em;vufrw S f ryg&if b,faumifrS
em;vdk@ r&bl;/ tvkyv f yk &f r,f? 'Daumifu h dk tckac:cdik ;f prf;”
awmif,mbkwu f idk u f vnf; axmifr;_ atmif}uD;udk b,fvrdk &S iS ;f jyvdk@ r&wma=umifh cg;emoGm;wJh
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tjcm; 5(n)awGu awmif,mbkwu f idk u
f dk ol@uadk y;em;vdu k yf g/ ol@u, dk pf m;usaemfwdk@ 2q 0dik ;f +yD;
ydv
k yk af y;ygrh ,f vdk@0idk ;f ajym=uygw,f? e*du k wnf;u5(n)awGut dk jypfwrif vdu k &f mS aewJh atmif}uD;[m
'Dupd u P dk vH;k 0vufrcHEidk b f ;l jzpfomG ;ygw,f? 'gah =umifh usew f 5Jh (n)awG tcsi;f csi;f wdik yf if+yD;
tusO;f om;wpfa,muf tvkyv f yk &f if; xdcu dk o f mG ;wmudk xdu k o f ifw h tJh cGit fh a&; ray;yJ tvkyu f dk t"rR
qufcidk ;f aeygu taqmif&u Sd sef 5(n)tusO;f om;awGyg tvkyq f ufrvkyEf idk af wmhb;l vdk@ axmifr;_
atmif}uD;udk ajymvdu k yf gw,f? tJ'rD mS axmifr;_ atmif}uD;u olqifxm;wJh tuGu0f if+yD qd+k yD;rxDw&D
+yHK;vduk yf gw,f?
“tvkyrf vkyEf idk b f ;l vdk@ ajymwJah umifawG pm&if;ay;”
qd+k yD; pm&if;awmif;ygawmhw,f? pm&if;awG tm;vH;k &wJt h cgrmS olwrifvyk }f uHxm;wJh
ta=umif;eJ@ pm&if;udk rde;f a*s;vfrmS &Sw d Jh axmifyidk q f uD dk ydk@vu dk yf gawmhw,f? taqmif(4)u 5(n) awG
tkypf zk GJ@+yD; Edik if aH &;qENjyr_ jyKvkyaf eygw,f/ axmiftwGi;f qlqyl yl jl zpfatmif vkyaf e+yD; axmiftm%mydik f
rsm;&Jh touftEW&m,fuv dk nf; &ef&mS aeygw,f/ Oya'udk csKd ;azmufaewm jzpfwt Jh wGuf tjrefq;Hk
ta&;,lay;zdk@ vdyk gw,f pojzifh rw&m;pGq J cdk suaf wGeJ@ axmifyidk v f =S unfudk owif;ydk@vu dk yf gw,f?
usaemfvnf; axmifusvmwm r=umao;ayr,fh usaemfwdk@&aJ bmfawG&Jh rSeu f efwJh vky&f yftay:
&yfwnfzdk@twGuf axmifr;_ atmif}uD;qDudk usaemfeJ@ bdb k x dk eG ;f wdk@ ESpaf ,mufom; oGm;awG@ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@ ESpaf ,mufpvH;k uvnf; awmif,mbkwu f olrsm;enf;wl tvkyrf vkyEf idk b f ;l vdk@ axmifr;_
atmif}uD;udk ajymvdu k yf gw,f?
 “rif;wdk@eJ@'u D pd uP bmrSrqdik b f ;l / 0ifrygprf;ygeJ@/ aeprf;ygO;D rif;wdk@ubmawGrsm;
yifyifyef;yef;vky&f vdk@ tvkyrf vkyEf idk &f wmvJ”
“axmifr;_ atmif}uD;&Jh tkycf sKyfra_ tmufrmS raecsiaf wmhvdk@yg”
“atmf/ at;/ &w,fav/ rif;wdk@eyH gw}f uD;awGay;/ vl}uD;awGu aumif;w,fxifvdk@
ewfjynfwifay;xm;wm jrifw h ,fq+dk yD; ckecf swaJh umifawG/ awG@=uao;wmayg”h
“----------”
“us;D uef;rsKd ;awG/ wpfa,mufxd 0dik ;f tm=uwJah umifawG”
axmifr;_ atmif}uD; a'go}uD;}uD;a&&Gwaf ewke;f usaemfwdk@EpS af ,muf &H;k cef;xJuae xGuv f mcJh
ygw,f? aemuf pnfo0l if;vJ axmifuswm &ufyidk ;f yJ&aSd o;+yD; usaemfwdk@ taqmif(4)udk a&mufvmwm
r=umao;ygb;l ? ol@udk bmwm0efraS wmif rcs&ao;ygb;l ? pnfo0l if;[m awmif,mbkwrf mS
jzpfwt Jh jzpftysuu f dk csucf si;f oabmayguo f mG ;+yD; tvkyu f pd eP J@ywfouf+yD; axmifr;_ atmif}uD;udk
oGm;awG@ygw,f? axmifr;_ atmif}uD;u
“rif;ubmudpv P ”J
“usaemfvJ tvkyrf vkyEf idk w f o Jh l pm&if;vmay;wmyg”
axmifr;_ atmif}uD; rsuv f ;Hk jyL;xGuo f mG ;+yD; wtHw h =o jzpfomG ;ygw,f?
“rif;udk b,fou l tvkyw f m0ef ay;xm;ao;vdk@v/J rae@wae@urS axmifusvm+yD;
&ufyidk ;f awmif r&Sad o;bl;/ bmvJ/ rif;wdk@&aJ bmfawGeJ@ twlwv l udk cf siv f dk@vm;/ &w,f/ aemuf
vduk cf siaf o;wJh aumif&&Sd ifajymOD;aemf”
ae@vnfyidk ;f rSm &efuek pf ufrw _ uUov dk u
f aZmf&0J if;eJ@ pd;k cwdk@u jzpfcJ@wjJh y\em tajctae
tao;pdwu f dk axmifyidk f vS=unfqD oGm;wifjyygw,f? axmifr;_ atmif}uD;[m 5(n)Edik if aH &; tusO;f
om;rsm;udk wrifjy\em vdu k &f mS ae+yD; jy\emtao;tzGJ udt k us,cf sJ@um axmifyidk x f H taumuf}uH+yD;
vdrv f nfwifjy wmjzpfa=umif;/ 5(n)awGtay: tjrifr=unfvifwJh axmifr;_ tkycf sKyfa&;ae&mrSm jy\em
wpfcrk [kww f pfcjk zpf aerSmjzpfa=umif;/ 'gah =umifh axmifr;_ atmif}uD; udk taqmif(4)uae z,f&mS ;ay;zdk@/
'grrS [kw&f if taqmif(4)u Edik if aH &;tusO;f orm;rsm;udk tjcm; taqmif wpfcck u k adk jymif;a&$ah y;zdk@
axmifyidk u f dk wifjy=uygw,f?
rde;f a*s;vfrmS &Sw d Jh axmiftm%mydik af wGuvJ olwdk@0efxrf; axmifr;_ atmif}uD; ajymor#uo dk m
vufcx H m;+yD; 5(n)awG&Jh wifjycsuaf wGudk tom;av;rSed ;f +yD; em;axmifaeygw,f? +yD;awmh taqmifrmS
&Sw
d Jh Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;(60)cef@uadk c:+yD;
“rif;wdk@ tvkyrf vky&f ifawmh taqmifrmS rae&bl;/ uGm(av#m&h uf)vJtjzwfc&H r,f/ 'Dawmh
rif;wdk@awG wdu k x f rJ mS oGm;ae&r,f” vdk@ajymygw,f? wdu k x f o J mG ;ae&r,f qd+k yD; Edik if aH &;
tusO;f orm;awGudk xm;wJw h u dk cf ef;awGudk rydk@yJ txl;wdu k t f aemufzufu tvky0f if;}uD;xJrmS &Sw d Jh
ppfacG;wdu k u f dk usaemftygt0if Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;5(n)awG 60ausmu f dk ydk@vudk yf gawmhw,f?

(*)

ppfacG;wdu
k u
f i&Jcef;

usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k ppfacG;wdu k uf adk &mufawmh ajcusi;f awG a'guaf wG pcwfc&H ygw,f? a'guef J@ ajcusi;f
pcwfcv H u
dk &f wJh tcsed u
f p+yD; tusO;f OD;pD;Xme/ &efuek w f idk ;f axmiftyk pf k n$e=f um;a&;r_; 'kw,
d Advk rf ;_ }uD;
cifarmifvwfu tvkyrf vkyw f Jh Edik if aH &;tusO;f om; tm;vH;k udk wdu k yf w
d af 'gucf wf jypf'%f(1)vtjzpf
trdef@pm xkwjf yefvudk yf gw,f?
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“(1)cef;xGu”f qd+k yD; wdu k yf pHk aH rmif;ygawmhw,f? wdu k yf pHk u
H usaemfwdk@awG axmifuscgp u oifjy xm;wJ@
yHpk aH wGr[kwaf wmhyJ ppfacG;wdu k (f jypf'%fwu dk )f &Jh yHpk u H x dk yf+yD;oifygw,f? tJ'v D o dk if wJt h cgrmS
axmif0efxrf;awG ta,muf(20)avmuf 0dik ;f +yD;wpftek ;f tke;f eJ@ p+yD; &du k yf gawmhw,f? tkwef &H aH wGxu J
[de;f xGuv f mwJh &du k o f aH wG/ atmf[pfoaH wG[m urBmysurf wwf qlxu G vf mygw,f?
“ajzmif;² ² ²ajzmif;”
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“tm;”
“tara& ² ² ² aoyg+yD;As”
“'kw²f ² ² 'kw”f
“cGy”f
“tm;”
i,foyH gatmif atmfaewJt h oHawG=um;rS jrif;vH;k wkw(f opfom;wkw)f / *ef;ydu k (f yvwfpwpfyu dk x
f J
rSm}udrx f nfx h m;wJ@ww k )f awG&Jh &du k Ef u S o
f wH bke;f bke;f u rSerf eS }f uD;xGuaf y:aeygw,f? rsupf u d pdk rHk w
Sd f xm;
vdu k cf sed rf mS usaemfwpfu, dk v f ;Hk wqwfqwfwek af ewm udak wG@&ygw,f?
usaemfu tcef;(9)rSmuswmqdak wmh tcef;(1)uae(8)xd&u dk Ef u
S o f aH wG/ usaemfwdk@ 5(n)awG&Jh rcsrd qef@
atmf[pfoaH wG a=umufrufz, G f aumif;avmufatmif =um;ae&ygw,f?
“tm;”
“'kw”f
“cGy”f
“ajzmif;”
ausmxJ pdrf@ueJ at;oGm;ygw,f?
usaemfah b;u bdb k x dk eG ;f crsm tom;awG/ E_wcf rf;awGu wqwfqwfwek af ewmudk awG@&awmh
usaemfvrS ;f +yD;tm;ay;vdu k yf gw,f? tjcm;cef;awGu &du k Ef u S rf a_ =umifh tom;pawG zwfueJ/zwfueJ
usaemfwdk@tcef;em; udv k mpifygw,f? tJ'D tom;pawGujdk rif+yD; bdb k x dk eG ;f u qwfueJ
xatmfvu dk yf gw,f? [m² ² r[kwyf gb;l / 'gopfom;pawGyg/ 'DaumifawG tkwef &H aH wGudk &du k af ewmyg qd+k yD;
bdb k x dk eG ;f udt k m;ay; &ygw,f? usaemf tm;ay;vdu k o f vdk opfom;pawGyjJ zpfygapvdk@ qkawmif;+yD;
wkev f y_ af ewJh usaemf&h pJh w d u f dk jyef+yD; ajzav#mah eygw,f?
atmf[pfoaH wG/ &du k Ef u S af ewJt h oHawGu wjznf;jznf; usaemfwdk@tcef;em; udak &mufvmygw,f?
toHawGu wjznf;jznf; eD;uyfvmaeygw,f?
ppfacG;wdu k rf mS emrnfq;dk eJ@ emrnf}uD;aewJh 0efxrf;uawmh wifarmifviG q f w dk Jh wpfa,mufygy?J
usaemfwdk@vdk 5(n)Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awGu ol@u&dk &GH mS rke;f wD;vGe;f vdk@ (csOaf ygiyf if)vdk@ emrnfzsuf ay;xm;
ygw,f?
rsuEf mS rSm ausmufaygurf mawG tazG;om;eJ@ ol@rsuEf mS 0dik ;f 0dik ;f av;udk rsurf eS w f yfxm;ao;wJh 'kwyf=uyf
csOaf ygiyf if[m usaemfw h oufrmS vlpw d tf ifrwef uif;rJ@+yD; &ufpufwJh ae&mrSmvnf; emrnf
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tusO;f om;awGudk aovkarsmyg; &du k w f wfygw,f?
ppfacG;udk wm0efct H yk cf sKyfwJh wyf=uyf}uD;OD;uefjrif(h bdu k )H u csOaf ygiyf if xufawmfao; w,fqdk ayr,f h
“5(n) om; pm;&cJw,fu”G
qd+k yD; &du k Ef uS w f aJh e&mrSm vufoaH jymifwo Jh l wpfO;D yJjzpfygw,f? axmifxrJ mS ydeyf ed o f , G of , G ef J@
rsurf eS w f yfwJh axmifr;_ aemufwpfa,muf &Syd gao;w,f? wpfcgwek ;f u tusO;f om;wpfa,mufudk
&duk Ef u S q f ;Hk rwm vufveG o f mG ;+yD; tusO;f om;&Jh rsuv f ;Hk wpfv;Hk usw G x f u G o f mG ;zl;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh t&m&Sd
axmifr;_ u 'Dt;D 0if+yD;(6)vt=umrSm axmifr;_ }uD; &mxl;ay;vdu k yf gw,f? axmifwpfcv k ;Hk u emZD
vufxufu emrnf}uD;vlowfaumif&Jh emrnfudk ol@uadk y;vdu k yf gw,f? “*pfpwmyd”k wJ?h ol@udk *pfpwmydk
vdk@yJ od=uygw,f?
atmfoaH wG &du k Ef u S o f aH wG acwWww d q f w d o f mG ;+yD; r=umcifrmS ppfacG;wdu k 0f efxrf;awG usaemfwdk@ tcef;a&SŒ
a&mufvmygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@udk tcef;jyifux dk w k +f yD; yHpk aH rmif;&r,fah e&mudk ac:oGm;ygw,f?
a&mufa&mufcsi;f
“acG;rom;/ tvkyrf vkycf siw f aJh umifawG”
qd+k yD; bmrajym/ nmrajymeJ@p+yD; &du k Ef uS yf gawmhw,f? usaemfah usmay: opfom;wkww f pfck jyKwfus
vmygw,f?
“'kw”f
“tif”h
ausmuke;f wpfcv k ;Hk pyf zsO;f zsO;f jzpfomG ;+yD; wkwaf wGtqufrjywf ausmay: a&mufvmygw,f? cg;u
aumhueJjzpfomG ;+yD; aemufxyf tqufrjywfww k af wG ae&mtES0Hh ifvmygw,f? acgi;f udrk xdrad tmif
umxm;wJh usaemfwdk@&Jh vufawGudk jzwf&u dk v f u dk yf gw,f? vufawGu rusKd ;,Hw k r,fjzpfomG ;+yD; a0'emudk
odoo d mom cHpm;vdu k &f ygw,f? acgi;f udv k ufeJ@ rum&JawmhyJ wwfEidk o f a&GΠatmufuo dk m iHk@xm; vdu k f
ygw,f?
“'kwf . . .'kwf . . . 'kw”f
“ajzmif;”
“t. . .”
usaemfwdk@tcef;u(6)a,mufpvH;k udk tm;yg;w& &du k Ef u S +f yD;rS wdu k yf pHk uH dk parmif;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@
ajcaxmufawGrmS a'guaf wG/ ajcusi;f awG cwfxm;wma=umifh vGwv f w G v f yfvyf v_y&f mS ;vdk@r&ygb;l ? 'gudk
tcGiafh umif;,l+yD;
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om;ydu k af umifawGvdk ckeq f cG ek q f G jzpfaeawmh 'gu=dk unf+h yD; ppfacG;0efxrf;awG uoabmus+yD; &,f=uyg
w,f?
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wpfcef;xJu vlawGeJ@ tcef;csi;f nS+d yD; nDatmifvyk cf idk ;f / rnD&ifxyf&u dk /f aES;&if vnf;&du k jf yefygw,f?
wpfcgwpfcg olwdk@cidk ;f wJyh pHk u H t&rf;jrefwma=umifh usaemfwdk@ ajcaxmufawGrmS cwfxm;wJ@ ajcusi;f eJ@
a'guaf wGu vdro f mG ;+yD; vlu0ke;f ueJ+ydKvJusygw,f? ajcusi;f awG/ a'guaf wGwpfcv k ;Hk eJ@ wpfck
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awmif,mtvkyu f pd jP zpfwJh usaemfwdk@vt l yk u f (60)ausm&f ySd gw,f?
usaemfch E<mud, k af y:rSm usa&mufcw Jh Jh wkwt f a&twGu[ f m rSwrf w S &f &(64)csu&f ySd gw,f? 'D&u dk Ef u S rf r_ sKd ;udk
reufr;dk vif;uwnf;uae naeaxmifyw d w f t Jh xd ppfacG;wdu k jf ypf'%fuswJh (1)vtxd
ae@pOf&u dk Ef u S cf &H ae&ygw,f? wpfae@v;Hk &du k Ef u S cf &H +yD; naewdu k x f J jyefa&mufawmh wifyg;eJ@ ausmjyif
wpfcv k ;Hk udk acG;&du k /f EGm;&du k /f t&du k cf &H wma=umifh ndKrnf;+yD;ykwaf eygw,f? wdu k yf pHk }H uD;xdik &f wJt h cg
(10)rdepfavmuf =umvm+yDq&dk if ajcaxmufawGaumif;aumif;&yfvdk@ r&awmhygb;l ? ajcawG/ vufawG
wqwfqwfwek v f m+yD; wpfu, dk vf ;Hk rcHr&yfEidk af vmufatmifudk emusOv f mygw,f?'Dvjdk zpfaewmudk ppfacG;
0efxrf;awGu tcGiafh umif;,l+yD;
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“'kw”f
“tif”h
olwdk@vufxrJ mS toifu h idk x
f m;wJh wkwef J@ taetxm; rSm;,Gi;f aewmudk jyifay;ygw,f? (t/ u/
p)0efxrf;awG[m ociftm;& useG yf g;0jzpfae+yD; 5(n)Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awGudk vlrqefpmG &du k Ef u
S f
=ujyefygw,f? bdb k x
dk eG ;f qd&k if tom;jzLwma=umifh ol@wifyg;eJ@ ausmuke;f rSm ta&jym;awGpw k +f yD; vefae
ygw,f? ol@cENmuk, d af y:u t&_;d &mawGay:rSm aoG;awGp@kd wufaeygw,f? 'DacG;rom;awG igwdk@udk rw&m;
vkyw f m axmif0ifpmvm&if wdik rf ,fq+dk yD; pDpOf=uygao;w,f?'gayr,fh ratmifjrifygb;l ?
usaemfwdk@5(n)jypf'%f orm;awGudk wdu k yf wd wf pfveJ@ axmif0ifpmyg ydwv f u dk w
f mjzpfygw,f?
ppfacG;wdu k u
f ae axmifusaqmifqu D dk jyefomG ;zdk@ &ufaphawmh usaemfwdk@ wpfO;D csi;f pD&Jh wpfu, dk u
f
'%f&mawGudk aoao csmcsm ppfaq;+yD; aq;xnfah y;ygw,f?
'%f&mawGtm;vH;k cE<mud, k u f ae aysmufoavmuf&rSd S wdu k u
f ae usaemfwdk@udk xkwyf gw,f?
usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k ppfacG;wdu k u f ae jyefxu G af wmh t&_;d &mawG wa,mufrS ruseaf wmhygb;l ? 'gayr,fh
rw&m; nSi;f yrf;/ ESyd pf ufcv H u dk &f wJh usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k b0rSm twGi;f '%f&mtjzpfeJ@ eufeuf}uD; jzpfomG ;
cJyh gw,f?
i&Jjynfwr#cpH m;cJ&h wJh 'Dtjzpftysuaf wGudk usaemfw@dk 5(n) ajcmufq,fausm&f Jh t&d;k xJrmS aowJt h xd
pGu J seaf eawmhrmS jzpfygw,f? 1990jynfh atmufwb dk mvudk usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k arhvdk@&rSm r[kwyf gb;l ?
urBma=uaomfvnf; O'ge;f ra=uEdik af wmhyg?

(C)
ppfacG;wdu
k rf mS ae@pOf

axmifxrJ mS wm0efcq H &m0ef a'guw f mpd;k =unfqwdk m &Syd gw,f? oluvJtm%myg;uGuo f m;yDyD tifrwefrS
armufrm+yD; q&m0efpw d "f mwf wpfjym;om;rS r&Sw d q Jh &m0efwpfa,mufygy?J
ppfacG;wdu k rf mS nSi;f yef;ESyd pf ufcx H m;&+yD; usaemfwdk@&wJh '%f&mawGu jrifraumif;atmif ndKrnf;aewmudk
oluvm=unf+h yD;
“bmrSrjzpfb;l / igwm0ef,w l ,f? toufeJ@ta0;}uD;/ rif;wdk@uq kd uf&udk v f dk@&ao;w,f”
qd+k yD; ppfacG;0efxrf;awGudk tm;&0rf;ompGm owif;yg;aeao;&J?h wdu k (f 1)vtydwcf &H awmh ppfacG;wdu k x f u
J
usaemfwdk@5(n)ajcmufq,fausmt f wGuf jy\emwpfcu k a&rcsKd ;&/ oGm;rwdu k &f / rsuEf mS opfvdk@
r&wJjh y\emygy?J 'Dxufy+dk yD; qd;k &Gm;wmu usaemfwdk@ tcef;usO;f av;xJu vl(6)a,mufpmtwGuf tayg/h
tav;oGm;&wJ@ jy\emyJ jzpfygw,f?
wdu k w f iG ;f wdu k yf aGJ wGrmS tawG@t}uHK&Sx d m;wJh tjcm;5(n)awGuawmh &Sw d *Jh efzvm;ESpv
f ;Hk xJu wpfv;Hk udk
taygo h mG ;zdk@twGuf oH;k +yD;/ aemufwpfv;Hk udk tav;oGm;zdk@twGuf toH;k jyK=uygw,f? taygu h adk wmh
usw G u f sw G tf w d ef J@xnf+h yD; wdu k &f tJh a&SŒzufu tayguaf wGuae tjyifzufudk v$wyf pf&ygw,f? 'Dvrdk vkyyf J
taygeh J@tav;udk a&maESmxm;rd&if wpfywfr=umciftcef;xJ taygah wG v#u H swmawGeJ@ td;k xJ“avmuf”
awGwufvmEdik yf gw,f?
'ga=umifh taygeh J@tav;udk cGo J ;Hk &ygw,f? tav;oGm;+yD;&if *efzvm;udk usw G u f Gswt f w d ef J@ zH;k xm;&ygw,f?
'Dvrdk zH;k xm;&if tcsed =f umvmwmeJ@tr# avaumif;avoef@ r&Edik af wmhygb;l ? usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k udk
wpfvwdwd wdu k yf w d x f m;+yD; rdvm† csciG yfh g ydwcf &H wmjzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@vnf;taygu h dk tdwef J@omG ;+yD;
olrsm;awGvydk J tjyifzufudk ypfcsygw,f? 'Dvdk typfaumif;vdk@ wpf&ufrmS 0efxrf;csOaf ygiyf ifa&mufvm+yD;
“'Dtcef;a&S³rSmao;apmfew H ,f”qd+k yD; reufapmapmpD;pD; tjyifxw k f t&du k cf &H ygw,f? e*d&k u dk cf xH m;&wJh
'%f&mawGtay: xyft&du k cf &H wmrdk@ tom;awG wqwfqwfematmif a0'emudk tvl;tvJc&H ygw,f?
nzuf tdy&f m0ifwt Jh cgrmS vJ &du k cf x
H m;&wJh t&_;d &mawGa=umif&h ,f/ ajcaxmufrmS cwfxm;wJh ajcusi;f awG/
a'guaf wG&,fa=umifh tm;vH;k &ifbwfarSmuf+yD; tdy&f ygw,f?
wdu k cf ef;xJrmS av#mufvdk@ ajcusi;f oH enf;enf;av;jrnfcyJh gu aemufwpfae@rmS t&du k cf &H zdk@ used ;f ao
ygw,f? usaemfwdk@awGtm;vH;k 0efxrf;csOaf ygiyf if&Jh wkwcf suaf wGatmufrmS '%f&mawGu emusiv f eG ;f vdk@
toHjyif;jyif;eJ@awmif ratmfEidk af wmhyJ wtif;tif;/ wtJteJ J@om +iD;aeyg&w,f? 0efxrf;csOaf ygiu f
“rif;wdk@ toHawG=um;&wm zDvifawmif wufvmw,f? bvl;um;jyaewm=uaewmyJ” qd+k yD; usaemfwdk@
&Jh +iD;jiLaewJh yg;pyfawGudk twif;vdu k yf w d cf idk ;f +yD; &du k jf yefygw,f? usaemfwdk@eJ@twlwl ppfacG;wdu k rf mS
axmifwiG ;f emrnf}uD; vlq;dk awG jzpf=uwJh pd;k jrwf/ wif[ h ef/ ausmo f /l ode;f atmifqw dk Jh &mZ0wf
tusO;f om;awGvnf; &Syd gw,f? olwdk@awGuawmh usaemfwdk@vdk Edik if aH &;tusO;f orm;awG
ae&xdik &f yHpk aH wGeJ@ rwlygb;l ? axmif0efxrf;awGuvnf; olwdk@udk txl;tcGit fh a&; ay;xm;vdk@
ppfacG;wdu k rf mS reufyidk ;f wdu k zf iG wfh meJ@ [d[ k 'dk 'D D vGwv f w G f vyfvyf av#mufomG ; ae=uwmudk
awG@&ygw,f?
tJ'x D u J &mZ0wftusO;f om; ausmo f [ l m usaemfwdk@5(n)awGudk ESyd pf ufwaJh e&mrSm
olrsm;u(1)csu&f u dk &f if olu(2)csu&f u dk w f wfwo Jh l jzpfygw,f? ppfacG;wdu k [ f m ausmo f w l dk@vdk &mZ0wf
vlq;dk awGtwGuf vdck siw f mrSeo f r# tuke&f aewJh avmuAdrmR ef wpfcjk zpfaeygw,f?
rl;,pfaq;0g;awGudk axmifxrJ mS vGwv f w G v f yfvyf}uD; &&Sad e+yD; tifrwefv+Hk cHKvSwJh ppfacG;wdu k rf mS
rSerf eS }f uD; oH;k pGaJ eygawmhwm,f? ausmo f [ l m ppfacG;wdu k 0f efxrf; csOaf ygiyf if r&S&d if aq;a=umifaewJh
rsuv f ;Hk awGeJ@ ppfacG;rSm rif;rlygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@5(n)awG ausmo f v l yl g;0wmudk =unfrh &jzpfaewm
tawmf=umaeyg+yD? usaemfeJ@ jy\em jzpfcsiaf wmh wpf&ufrmS ausmo f l usaemfwdk@tcef;xJ a&mufvm
ygw,f?
“rif;wdk@tm;vH;k tdy, f mvdyaf wGjyprf;” qd+k yD; usaemfwdk@ tdy, f mvdyaf wGudk wpfa,mufcsi;f vdu k =f unfh
ygawmhw,f? wpfa,mufu“dk [m . .rif;tdy, f mvdyu f bm&kyrf rS aygub f ;l ”qd+k yD; tjcm;olawG&Jh
tdy, f mvdyaf wGudk vdu k v f =H unfyh gw,f? ausmo f 'l v D v
dk yk wf tJh a=umif;&if;u ol}udKufwyJh pPn;f awG ygvm;
qd+k yD; tusO;f om;awGqu D csw G w f m/ cGmwmawGvyk yf gawmhw,f?
apmifaumif;av; wpfxnfavmufaw@&G if “rif;ray;bl;vm;/ ay;rvm;”qd+k yD;t"rR tEdik u f sifh
vk,w l wfygw,f? ol@&efuadk =umufvdk@ olawmif;wmudak y;vdu k &f ifvJ
“rif;zmom apwem&Sv d @dk ay;vdu k w f maemf/ aemufrS wdik v f m;awmvm; vkyv f dk@&;Hk a&muf
bma&mufjzpfvdk@uawmh/ igemrnfausmo f w l /Jh rif;wdk@axmifrmS &Sad eor#awmh igvufuajy;rvGwyf gb;l ”
qd+k yD; +cdr;f ajcmufygao;w,f? usaemfwdk@tcef;xJu vlwpfcsKd @uawmh ausmo f &l efudk a=umuf+yD; olwdk@yidk f
ypPn;f wcsKd @udk ay;vdu k yf gw,f? olrsm;awG tvSn+fh yD;awmh ausmo f u l usaemhq f u D dk a&mufvm
ygawmhw,f? usaemfvnf; tdy, f mvdyu f dk jyvdu k yf gw,f?
usaemftyd , f mvdyx f u J usaemft h rd uf ae axmif0ifpmvmwke;f u ay;xm;wJh &cdik yf q k ;dk a&$0ga&mifudk
ausmo f l tawmfudk oGm;a&usomG ;ygw,f?
“a[haumif/ tJ'yD q k ;dk ay;prf;” qd+k yD; usaemfq h u D awmif;ygawmhw,f? usaemfvJ 'Dyq k ;dk uusaemfh
taz&Jyh q k ;dk rdk@ trSww f &odr;f xm;wm jzpfwt Jh wGuaf =umifh 'Djh yifypPn;f udk ,lyg? 'Dyq k ;dk udak wmh ray;Edik b f ;l
vdk@ jyefajymvdu k yf gw,f? usaemfph um;tqH;k rSm ausmo f l@rsuEf mS }uD; rnf;wufomG ;ygw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfh
ykq;dk udk twif;t=uyf awmif;ygw,f? usaemfb,fvrdk S &Si;f jyvdk@r&wma=umif“h ray;Edik b f ;l ” vdk@ ,wdjywf
ajymvdu k yf gw,f? rl;,pfaq;oH;k xm;vdk@ todpw d af ysmufaewJh ausmo f [ l m a'goxGuf oGm;ygw,f?
csucf si;f yJ
“rat-d;k awG/ usew f t Jh cef;awGae+rJ/ rif;wdk@wpfcef;wnf; yHpk }H uD;xdik ”f
qd+k yD; ptrdef@ay;ygawmhw,f? tJ't D csed rf mS ppfacG;wdu k rf mS wm0efus 0efxrf;wpfa,mufrS r&Syd gb;l ?
ppfacG;wdu k &f Jh aomhawGtm;vH;k u aq;rl;aewJh &mZ0wfom;ausmo f &l Jh vufxrJ mS tuke&f aSd ewm
usaemft h wGuf uHq;dk oGm;ygw,f? ausmo f [ l m yg;pyfuae rsKd ;pHak tmif qJqadk e+yD; wkww f pfacsmif;udk
oGm;,l ygawmhw,f? usaemhtcef;xJu 5(n)awGu ausmo f v l cdk siw
f yJh q k ;dk udk ay;vdu k zf dk@ em;cs awmif;yef
=uygw,f?
“rif;ykq;dk ay;vdu k yf gumG / aemufawmh igwdk@jyef0,fay;ygrh ,f” qd+k yD; tcef;azmfawGu trsKd ;rsKd ;
awmif;yef=uygw,f? trSew f u,fqdk usaemfvJ aq;orm;ausmo f l@udk a=umufygw,f? 'gayr,fh usaemfh
taz0wfwJh ykq;dk rdk@jrwfE;dk wma=umifh aocgraS oaya&mh ray;bl;qd+k yD; qH;k jzwfvu dk yf gw,f? bdb k xdk eG ;f u
“aevif;/ ay;vdu k yf gumG ”
“aevif;/ ay;vdu k yf gumG ” qdw k t Jh oHawGu wjznf;jznf; qlnv H mygw,f? tJ't D csed x f d ppfacG; axmifxrJ mS
axmif0efxrf;eJ@ww l mqdv k dk@ wpfa,mufrrS awG@&ygb;l ? tcef;wHcg;yGio fh mG ;+yD; ausmo f [ l m usaemhq f D
wef;wef;rwfrwf}uD; av#mufvmygw,f? tem;a&mufwmeJ@ tcef;xJrmS yHpk }H uD;xdik f aewJh usaemhu f dk
oJorJ rJ }J uD; rJ&u dk yf gawmhw,f?
“bke;f ”
“bke;f ”
ab;tcef;awGu olawG ausmo f u l dk vSr;f ajymae=uwmawmif ausmo f [ l m ywf0ef;usiu f dk bmrS *&krpdu k /f
vSnrfh =unfyh J usaemfu h odk m rJ+yD;&du k af eygawmhw,f?
usaemfvnf;toHawG wkev f mygw,f? tom;awG wqwfqwf v_ycf gvmygw,f? usaemhrmS jyef+yD; ckcv H dk@
r&bl; jzpfaeygw,f? usaemfah jcaxmufrmS ajcusi;f eJ@a'gu/f ausmo f u l wkww f pfacsmif;eJ@ vlvw G ?f
ausmo f [ l m csn+f yD;wkw+f yD;om; wd&pd m> efwpfaumifudk pdpad =uatmif &du k o f wfaewmeJ@ wlygw,f?
usaemfvJ yxrydik ;f ol&Jh wkwcf suaf wGudk awmifch x H m;Edik af yr,fh ausmo f &l Jh vlrqefpmG &du k Ef u S f r_atmufrmS
yHpk xH idk af ewJyh pHk t H wdik ;f ae&mrSmwif yHv k suo f m; vJusomG ;ygawmhw,f? c%t=umrSm
toHawGww d q f w d o f mG ;+yD; ausmo f t l cef;xJu xGuo f mG ;ygw,f? usaemf emusirf '_ %fa=umifh &kww f &uf
owdvw G o f mG ;ygw,f? usaemfowdjyef&wJt h cgrmS ppfacG;wdu k &f Jh taygu0f em;rSm a&mufaewmudak wG@&+yD;
axmifaq;r_;uusaemfu h adk q;wdu k /f aq;xd;k vkyaf ewmudk awG@&ygw,f? r=umcifrmS ppfacG;wdu k &f Jh wdu k rf ;_
wyf=uyf}uD; bdu k aH &mufvmygw,f?
“rif;wdk@aumifawG t0wftpm;awG tdy, f mvdyx f rJ mS rxm;&bl;/ tukev f ;Hk igord ;f xm;ay;r,f/ rif;wdk@
wdu k uf jyefxu G &f if tm;vH;k jyefay;r,f”
qd+k yD; emrnfeJ@wuGord ;f ygw,f? +yD;awmh
“rif;wdk@awG 'DrmS &Sw d Jh &mZ0wftusO;f om;awGeJ@ ypPn;f tav#mt f pm; rvky&f bl;? [dak umif ausmo f /l
wif[ h ef/ pd;k jrwfrif;wdk@aw o G w l dk@qu D tEdik u f si+fh yD;ypPn;f awmif;wmod&if rif;wdk@ roufom bl;rSw”f
usaemfwdk@zufvn S +fh yD;
“rif;wdk@uvnf; 'DaumifawG bmawmif;awmif; ay;p&mrvdb k ;l / vm+yD; tEdik u f si&fh if igu h v dk mwdik ”f
vdk@ajym+yD; xGuo f mG ;ygw,f?
(i)

ppfacG;wdu k u f tjyef
usaemfwdk@ awmif,mavbmwdu k yf x GJ rJ mS aemufxyft&du k cf &H wJo
h l wpfO;D uawmh rEWav;u
udn k e$ f@O;D qdo k jl zpfygw,f? udn k e$ Ofh ;D [mrEWav; &Jtwwfoif odyaH̀ usmif;rSm &Jtyk w f m0ef,cl o Jh jl zpf+yD;
tJ'o D ifwef;ausmif;rSm wynfah wGudk pmoif&if; a':atmifqef;qk=unfudk axmufcw H Jh pum;rsm;udk
ajymcJw h t Jh wGuaf =umifh tpd;k &udq k ef@usiw f mvdk@ pGypf +GJ yD; 5(n)eJ@axmifusvmwJh &J0efxrf;
wpfa,mufyjJ zpfygw,f?
axmifxrJ mS &Sw d J@ tusO;f om;awGeJ@ axmif0efxrf;awGu &Jq&dk if tpdr;f vdu k f 0g;pm;csiaf vmufatmif
rke;f wD;=uygw,f? ukn d e$ f@O;D udk &Jtyk w f pfa,mufreS ;f odomG ;wmeJ@ &mZ0wftusO;f om;awGeJ@ 0efxrf;awGu
&Jtom; b,fawmhpm;&rvJq+dk yD; wapmifapmif jzpfae=uygw,f? 0efxrf;csOaf ygiyf ifu ol@udk “}uD;rdu k ”f
vdk@ol@Ew _ u f xyfwvJvJ &Gwu f m udn k eG f@O;D udk oJorJ rJ J &du k Ef u S yf gawmhw,f?
“tjyifrmS aumif;aumif; raecsiw f aJh umif/ acG;rom;”
qd+k yD; yg;pyfuqJvnf;qJ/ vufu&du k v f nf;&du k yf gw,f? usaemht f cspaf wmf aq;orm;ausmo f q l &dk if
ol@val wGudk
“a[haumifawG &Jom;pm;csi&f if 'Duv dk m”qdu k m udn k eG f@O;D udk ajr}uD;ay:rSm vdrafh eatmifudk &du k Ef u S f
ygawmhw,f? wdu k x f rJ mS vJ axmifr;_ atmif}uD; vm=unfw h t Jh cgwidk ;f xdik u f efawmhaewJh yHpk eH J@ww l Jh wdu k f
yHpk u H dk xdik cf idk ;f xm;ygw,f? tJ'yD pHk u H dk =unf+h yD; axmifr;_ atmif}uD;u ppfEidk w f Jh ppfo}l uD;wpfa,muf&Jh [efyef
rsKd ;eJ@ acgi;f wndwn f w d v f yk +f yD; “aumif;w,f/ aumif;w,f” ajym+yD;xGuo f mG ;wufygw,f?
ausmo f /l wif[ h efeJ@p;dk jrwfwdk@[m usaemfwdk@qu D csw G wf m/ cGmwmawG vkyv f dk@r&wma=umifh taqmifrmS
&Sad ewJh tjcm;&JabmfawGqo D mG ;+yD; usaemfwdk@awG pm;p&mr&Sv d dk@ iwfjywfaea=umif;/ 'ga=umifh usaemfwdk@u
awmif;cdik ;f vdu k af =umif; ajymqd+k yD; axmifxu J taqmiftoD;oD;rSm&Sw d Jh 5(n)awGqD tv_cH
xGuyf gawmhw,f?
usaemfwdk@ &JabmfawGu rpm;&uf raomuf&ufeJ@ usaemfw h dk@ta,muf(60)twGuf pm;p&m ypPn;f awG
ay;vdu k yf gw,f? 'DypPn;f awGudk ausmo f w l dk@&mZ0wfom;awGeJ@ (tup)0efxrf;awG yl;aygi;f +yD;
cGaJ 0pm;aomufvu dk yf gw,f? 'Dta=umif;awGudk ppfacG;uvGw+f yD; taqmifjyefa&mufawmhrS ta=umif;pHu k dk
jyefo&d wmjzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@ucdk swJh wdu k yf w d /f a'gucf wf jypf'%f (1)jynfw h aJh e@rmS &efuek wf idk ;f axmifpk
n$e=f um;a&;r_; 'kAv dk rf ;_ }uD; cifarmifvwf a&mufvmygw,f?
axmifeJ@ywfoufwJh pnf;urf;awGudk pmtky}f uD;udik f &Gwzf wfjyygw,f? aemufrS useG af wmfwdk@udk a'guaf wG/
ajcusi;f awG jzKwfay;+yD; odr;f xm;wJh usaemfwdk@&J t h &yf0wfawGudk jyefxw k af y;ygw,f? +yD;rS rde;f a*s;vfudk
ac:oGm;ygawmhw,f?
ppfacG;wdu k ef J@ ywfouf+yD; 'Dae&mrSm enf;enf; &Si;f jycsiw f m &Syd gw,f? tif;pdeaf xmifxu J emrnf}uD;
ppfacG;axmifrmS acG;awG(10)aumifxufrenf; arG;xm;+yD; tJ'aD cG;awGu Edik if jH cm;acG;rsKd ;awGeJ@ pyfxm;wm
jzpfygw,f? tJ'aD cG;awGudk axmiftm%mydik af wGu r0,fEikd v f dk@ pdeaf *[mydik &f iS f w&kwo f al X;u
v_'ge;f xm;wm jzpfygw,f? acG;awGudk ae@pOfyrHk eS af uGs;zdk@ trJom;eJ@pyG jf yKwf&nf owfrw S xf m;ayr,fh
acG;awGudk auGs;zdk@wm0efuswJh tusO;f axmif0efxrf;awGu olwdk@twGuf csujf yKwfpm;aomuf =uygw,f?
pdeaf *[mw&kwo f al X; aumif;r_a=umifh tusO;f axmifxrJ mS rsupf v d nfvrf;rSm;+yD; a&mufvmwJh
acG;awG[m axmif0efxrf;awGa=umifh tiwfab;qdu k +f yD; ydev f aSD ewmudk awG@&ygw,f? wpfcsKd @acG;awGqdk
iwfrw G rf a_ =umifh aooGm;=uygw,f? tJ'v D dk aooGm;wJah cG;awGudk owfjzwfpm;aomuf=uzdk@
&mZ0wftusO;f om;awGu apmifq h idk ;f aewwf =uygw,f? tup (usaemfwdk@uawmh tukepf m;vdk@
ac:a0:ygw,f) 0efxrf;awG[m tJ'aD cG;awGeJ@ tywfpOf ppfa&;jy yk;l wGv J yk =f uayr,fh acG;uwjcm;/
vluwjcm;eJ@ t+rJy n
J n
D n
D mnmr&Syd gb;l ? ppfacG;wdu
k u
f acG;awG[m jyefvrf;r&Swd Jh acG;awGyJ jzpfygw,f?

tcef;(5)

(u)
rpm;oifw
h t
Jh oD; pm;rdvdk@

usaemfwdk@ ta,muf(60)ausmu f dk taqmif(3)/ (4)eJ@(5)aqmifawGudk toD;oD; vlpck yGJ dk@ vdu k f yg w,f?
usaemfu taqmif(3)udak &mufygw,f? usaemf tdyaf qmif(3)udak &muf+yD; r=umcifrmS yJ usaemfwdk@
aewJt h aqmif(4)u axmifr;_ atmif}uD;wpfa,muf rpm;oifw h Jh toD;pm;rd+yD; tqdyo f ifo h mG ;yg
awmhw,f?
rpm;oifw h Jh toD;pm;cJw h Jh axmifr;_ atmif}uD;&Jh jy\emuawmh e0wywWjrm;udpeP J@ axmifusvmwJh
aejynfawmfoef;xGe;f wdk@qu D vmbfpm;cJw h Jh jy\emygy?J usaemftaqmif(4)rSmaecJw h ek ;f u
aejynfawmfoef;xGe;f tr_waGJ wG axmifwef;pD usvmygw,f? olwdk@jy\emu e0w ywWjrm;
t&_yaf wmfy}Hk uD; jzpfvdk@ olwdk@tr_udk ppfaxmufvrS ;fa&;uae wdu k &f udk f udik w
f ,
G af eygw,f?
tJ't D r_ppfaq;csed rf mS axmifr;_ atmif}uD;u aejynfawmfoef;xGe;f wdk@ qDu aiGu, dk +l yD; t}uD;tus,f
vmbfpm;vdu k yf gw,f? axmifr;_ atmif}uD; vmbfpm;wJu h pd u P dk axmufvrS ;f a&;u odomG ;+yD; ol@udk
ac:ppfaq;ygawmhw,f? bl;ay:ovdk ay:oGm;wma=umifh axmifr;_ atmif}uD;udk tif;pdeaf xmifuae
&Jbufajymif;a&$Œzdk@ trdef@csvu dk yf gw,f? axmifr;_ atmif}uD;vnf; &Su&f u S ef J@ tvkyu f E_wx f u G f
oGm;ygawmhw,f?
us;D uef;rsKd ;awGq+dk yD; usaemfwdk@5(n) awGudk axmifyidk v f =S unfqrD mS *wH;k uwdu k vf yk cf wJh Jh
axmifr;_ atmif}uD;udk =unf+h yD; 0Ëfqw dk mcsucf si;f vnfwwfygvm;vdk@ awG;rdygw,f? vmbfpm;wma=umifh
axmifruswmyJ uHaumif;oGm;ygw,f? aejynfawmfoef;xGe;f qdw k J@ olu rEWav;rSm emrnfwpfv;Hk eJ@
aexdik w f Jh emrnf}uD; jynfw h efqmacgi;f aqmifwpfa,muf jzpfw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f? e0w
Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;awGxu J Adv k cf sKyfxeG ;f =unfeJ@ tawmfav;ydik w f ,f qd+k yD;owif;jzpfaeygw,f?
rEWav;rSm wdu k t f jrif}h uD;aqmuf+yD; tJ'rD mS *si0f idk ;f eJ@ jynfw h efqmcef;awGudk w&m;0ife;D yg;
vkyu f idk af ew,fvdk@vJ rEWav;rSm aexdik cf w Jh Jh olawGu ajymjyygw,f?usaemfu“'geJ@ cifAsm;wdk@u &Juw dk idk +f yD;
rzrf;cdik ;f bl;vm;” vdk@ar;awmh “owif;ay;wJo h u
l adk wmif &Jujyefzrf;wmAs/ av;aumif*si0f idk ;f udk
ol@wu dk af tmuf oHrw H vif;rSm oabFmaq;okw+f yD; 'dik v f yk af ewm rEWav;rSm oef;xGe;f wpfa,mufyJ
&Sw
d ,f” vdk@jyefajymygw,f? tck aejynfawmfoef;xGe;f wdk@jzpfwJ@ e0wywWjrm;udp[ P m olwdk@eJ@
e0wppfAv dk cf sKyfawG ta0tpm; rwnf&h muae jy\emjzpfymG ;cJrh eS ;f odomvSygw,f? ppfwyfxu J
'kAvdk rf ;_ }uD;awG/ Adv k rf ;_ awG/ t&m&Sad wGtrsm;}uD; aejynfawmf oef;xGe;f eJ@axmifusvmwmudak wG@&ygw,f?
olc;dk csi;f twlwl tm%modyrf &/Sw d Jh olck ;dk u axmifeef;pH&wmyJ jzpfygw,f?

(c)
axmiftwGi;f edp"P 0l
taqmif(3)rSmae&wke;f reufq&dk if ud, k afh xmif0ifpmwke;f u ygvmwJh rkef@yo J a&pmav;awGudk tcsi;f csi;f
a0r#pm;aomuf=u+yD; awmif,mudq k if; tvkyv f yk &f ygw,f? axmifrmS &Sw d Jh a&ay:qD vlwef;pm;tcsKd @u
axmifrmS reufyidk ;f tusO;f om;awGaus;G zdk@ zd}k uD;xJrmS csux f m;wJh yJ[if;&nfxu J tESpaf wGucdk yf+yD;
xrif;yly/l qDqrf;xm;wmeJ@ reufyidk ;f qdk pm;aomuf=uygw,f?
reufyidk ;f apmapmxJrmS olwdk@u ydu k q f aH y;+yD; tvkyjf zpfaeygw,f? usew f Jh tusO;f om;awG xrif;pm;wJh
tcsed af &mufawmh yJ[if;&nf[m a&awGcsn;f oufouf jzpfaeygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@uadk u|;wJh
xrif;uvnf; rmausmvS+yD; tcef@roif&h if oJawG/ cJawG ygvmwwfygao;w,f? tpmtdr&f o Sd rl sm;twGuf
tJ'x D rif;udk pm;aomufzdk@ tifrwefrS cufcyJ gw,f?
“xrif;a0r,fa[h/ (1)cef;wef;pD”
vdk@bw k u f idk f acgi;f jzL&cdik u f atmfvu dk &f if xrif;yef;uefav;awGuidk +f yD; xrif;wd;k &ygawmhw,f?
usaJ wmufawmuf yJ&nfuq dk rf;+yD; tdru f ydk@xm;wJq h m;/ tcsKd r_ef@awGxnh+f yD; iyda=umfeJ@ ork'&N m
0rf;wpfxmG twGuf jznfw h if;&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ 5(n)tusO;f om;awG[m axmifxrJ mS csu[ f if;qdw k Jh
rD;eJ@xad wG@xm;wJ@[if;udk pm;aomuf&zdk@qw dk m &mZ0wftusO;f om;awGavmuf rvG,u f v l yS gb;l ?
tJ'v D rdk ;D eJ@ csux f m;wJ[ h if;rsKd ;udk axmifxu J / ydik &f mqdik &f mawG/ axmifr;_ &H;k cef;em;rSmaewJh
axmifr;_ zdeyfwu dk /f OD;xkyw f u dk ef u Jh yfajrSmifawG/ wef;pnf;wdk@/ wHcg;apmifw h dk@vdk vlrsKd ;awGtwGuf
pm;aomuf&zdk@ tifrwefrS vG,u f v l w S ,fqw dk m rxl;qef;awmhygb;l ?
usaemfwdk@ 5(n)orm;awGxu J emruse;f jzpfvdk@ a&aEG;wpfcu G f aomuf&zdk@[m tvGecf ufcyJ gw,f?
usaemfwdk@awG xrif;pm;+yD; wpfem&Davmuf em;cGi&fh ygw,f? xrif;vH;k pD+yD; em;aecsed rf mS
“wufr,fa[h...wufr,f/ud, k t fh cef;ud, k 0f ifxm;r,f”
qd+k yD; tcef;wGi;f ud0k ifum yxr upfyHk yH&k ygw,f? upfyHk yHw k ,fqw dk muawmh tusO;f om;awG&Jh
tdy, f mvdyaf wGudk q,fjym;aphypHk H txyfvu dk pf +D yD; tay:uae apmiftyk x f m;wJyh u Hk dk ac:ygw,f? +yD;awmh
oef@&iS ;f a&;vky&f ygw,f? oef@&iS ;f a&;vky+f yD;wJt h cgus&if wpfywfwpfcg tusO;f om;awG &&Sw d Jh pwk&ef;yHpk H
qyfjymwH;k ao;ao;av;eJ@ acgi;f vdr;f zdk@qD &ygw,f?aq;vdy}f udKufoal wGuawmh olwdk@&wJh qyfjymwH;k av;eJ@
aq;vdy(f 5)vdyu f dk vJv, S yf gw,f? tusO;f om;awGqu D vJv, S v f dk@&wJh qyfjymwH;k udk axmif0efxrf;awGu
tif;pdeaf ps;rSm jyefa&mif;ygw,f? wpfcguqdk usaemfwdk@(3)aqmifrmS axmifxu J dk vl}uD;vmzdk@&&Sd if
acgi;f vdr;f zdk@ qDux dk w k rf ay;awmhbJ tJ'q D u D dk ajceif;=urf;jyifudk wefqmqifwt Jh aeeJ@ ajymifvufaeatmif
okwcf idk ;f ygw,f?
tJ'v D }l uD;qdw k muvnf; vmr,fvdk@ajym+yD; wpfem&D/ ESpef m&DeJ@ ay:rvmwwfyg?
vl}uD;vmr,fqv dk dk@ usaemfwdk@awGudk yHpk 0H wf 0wf+yD; aoaocsmcsm jyifqifcidk ;f xm;ygw,f? awmfawmfeJ@
ay:rvmwma=umifh tusO;f om;awGu ud, k afh e&mud, k f vSt J yd af e=uygw,f? “yHpk ”H vdk@=um;vdu k &f +yD;
csucf si;f xxdik =f unfv h u dk af wmh vl}uD;qdw k mu tcef;udk ausmjf zwfomG ;ygw,f? b,ftcef;udrk S
aoaocsmcsm =unf&h o _ mG ;wmvnf; rawG@&ygb;l ? tJ'v D }l uD;qdw k m tcef;awGxu J dk aoaocsmcsm
aphaphpyfpyf =unfrh ,fq&dk if tcef;awGxrJ mS twH;k t&H;k tdyaf ysmaf ewJh tusO;f om;awGudk awG@&rSmrvGyJ gb;l ?
wpfcgvnf; vl}uD;qdo k u l taqmifawG vdu k pf pfaq;r,fqv dk dk@ aoaocsmcsm jyifqifxm;umrS
ol@&Jh rmZ'g *spu f m;eJ@ axmifxu J 0dk ifvm+yD; awmif,mcif;awGu udu k v f ef/ rkev f mO/ [if;EkE, G ef J@
tjcm;[if;oD;[if;&Guaf wGudk tvky}f uD;bufuae cl;,l+yD; jyefomG ;wmudv k nf; }uHK&ygao;w,f? olwdk@
vl}uD;tvmudk em&DeJ@cs+D yD; xdik af pmifah e&wJh tusO;f om;awGu =umawmh pdwrf &Sn=f uawmhygb;l ?
vl}uD;vmr,fq&dk if jyufv;Hk wpfcv k dk jzpfomG ;wwf+yD; ae@cif;zufawGrmS
“ wufr,fa[h ...wufr,fa[h/ ud, k t fh cef;ud0k ifxm;r,f”
 qdw k tJh oH=um;&&ifawmh tusO;f om; (90)&mcdik Ef e_ ;f avmufu tom;ukef
arwWmydk@=uygawmhw,f? nae(3)em&Davmufq&kd if “a&csKd ;r,fa[h” qdw k tJh oH =um;wmeJ@ a&csKd ;zdk@twGuf
a&uefuo dk mG ;&ygw,f? &Snaf rsmarsmyHpk &H w Sd Jh a&uefabmifay:rSm a&cyfcsKd ;&r,fh yef;uefjym;av;awGudk
pD&+D yD;csxm;&ygw,f?
a&uefxu J dk 0ifqw dk meJ@ a&uefudk b,f/ nm toD;oD;wef;pD+yD;0if&ygw,f? a&uefbm,mu
a&uefabmifay:rSmrwfwyf&yf+yD;
“ nDnn D mnm cyf”
“cyf wpfcu G /f cyfwpfcu G ”f qd+k yD; wpfceG ;f csi;f trdef@ay;+yD; usaemfwdk@udk a&csKd ;cdik ;f ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@uvnf; ud, k afh e&mud, k f &yf+yD; yef;uefjym;eJ@ cGu(f 10)cGuf csKd ;&ygw,f? (10)cGu+f yD;oGm;wJt h cgrmS
“cGucf s/ acs;wGe;f / qyfjymwdu k ”f qd+k yD;trdef@qufay;ygw,f? tJ'g+yD;&if“cyf” “aemufq;Hk ”
“csKd ;”vdk@atmfygw,f? olajymwmeJ@ ud, k v f yk w
f m rnDnmbl;qd&k if ol@vufxu J wkwu f acgi;f ay:udk
0JwufomG ;ygw,f?
cyf qdw k t Jh csed rf mS yJ cyf&/ csKd ;qdwk J@ tcsed rf mS yJ csKd ;&ygw,f? a&cyfwm rnDrnmjzpfae&if ausmay:
ajAmwifc&H rSmvnf; aocsmvSygw,f? qyfjymwdu k +f yD;wJh tcsed rf mS yef;uefjym;eJ@ aemufxyf (15)cGuf
csKd ;cGiafh y;ygw,f? 'ga=umifh axmifxrJ mS 0J/ *|w/f 'ufpwJh ,m;emawG ay:ayguw f Jh tajccHta=umif;&if;yJ
jzpfygw,f? a&uefbm,mudk aq;vdyaf y;/ bmay;eJ@ vkyx f m;wJo h wl dk@/ tyfxnfwdk@/ aemuf
ydik &f mqdik &f mwdk@uawmh a&udk }udKufoavmuf csKd ;cGi&fh ygw,f?
naeydik ;f xrif;pm;csed f wef;pDwt Jh cgrmS usawmh uefpeG ;f Oyifuae&wJh uefpeG ;f }uD;&Guaf wGeJ@
a&mar$+yD; ðywfxm;wJh uefpeG ;f &Gu[ f if;udk pm;&ygw,f? tJ'[ D if;udk axmifxt J ac:t& “ wmvayg ”
[if;vdk@ac:ygw,f? autef,u l ae axmifusvmwJh u&ifzxD;}uD;awGuawmh 'dk@ u&if[if;
emrnfysuw f ,fvdk@ ajym=uygw,f? u&iftrsKd ;om;[if;wpfcjk zpfwJh wmvayg[if;u t&omtvGe&f +Sd yD;
pm;aomufvdk@ tifrwefraS umif;wJh [if;wpfcu G jf zpfayr,fh axmifxu J wmvayg [if;uawmh
[if;&Gujf yKwf&nf oufoufyjJ zpfygw,f?
tJ'[ D if;&Gujf yKwf&nfudk aygi;f xrif; rmrm}uD;eJ@a&m/ axmif0ifpmygvmwJh iyda=umfav;eJ@
ar#mcs&ygw,f? a&onfjyZmwfxJ a&onfred ;f rajymwJph um;vd“k vnfacsmif;udk pHu k ef/ *vHq
k efatmif
ar#m&&Smw,f” qdw k t
Jh yk'af v;udk oGm;owd&rdvu dk yf gao;w,f? wpfcgwpfav
tJ'u D efpeG ;f &Gujf yKwf&nfxrJ mS wDaumifawG/ wHjrufpnf;&d;k awGeJ@ om;a&uGi;f awG ygvmwwfygao;w,f?
axmifxrJ mS wpfywfwpfcg tom;pm;&wJ&h uf qdw k m&Syd gw,f? 0ufom;rpm;wJo h u
l dk
ig;[if;ay;ygw,f? ig;rpm;wJo h ul dk bJO(2)vH;k au|;ygw,f? au|;wJ0h ufom;uvnf; om;a&jym;u
t&_;H ay;&avmufatmif rma=umae+yD; b,fvrdk pS m;vdk@r&ygb;l ? 0efxrf;awGay;wJh 0ufom;udk
aemufxyf(1)em&Davmuf jyefaygi;f &ifawmif rE_;Edik w f hJ tom;rsKd ;yJjzpfygw,f? ig;[if;usjyefawmhvnf;
t+rD;eJ@acgi;f ydik ;f udo k m awG@&wwf+yD; tv,fyidk ;f u tom;uawmh aysmufq;Hk aewwfygw,f?
tusO;f axmif0efxrf;awG&Jh qifu h q J ifuh J jzwfawmuf pm;aomufra_ =umifh [if;awGu t*FgrpHk
t+rJjzpfaeygawmhw,f?

(*)
tm;vH;k aumif;ygw,f q&m}uD;
tif;pdeaf xmifxrJ mS 1988 ta&;tcif;rjzpfcifu taqmif(1)/ (2)/ (3)/ (4)/ (5)aqmifwdk@[m
ESpx
f yfwudk t
f aqmifawGjzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'tD aqmifawG[m 88ta&;tcif;rSm tif;pdeaf xmifwiG ;f
rD;&_Œd r_jzpfymG ;cJwh ma=umifh (1)aqmifuvG&J if usew f Jh (2/ 3/ 4/ 5)aqmifawG[m rD;avmif+ydKuscyJh gw,f?
'ga=umifh (1)xyfwu dk af qmifav;awGtjzpf b0ajymif;oGm;cJ@wmjzpfygw,f?
usaemfae&wJh taqmif ( 3 ) tdyaf qmifrmS tcef; ( 8 ) cef;yg+yD; ( 1 ) xyfwu dk tf aqmifyJ
jzpfygw,f? tcef; ( 1 ) cef;rSm tusO;f om; ( 120 ) avmufxm;+yD; usaemfwdk@ taqmifrmS
tusO;f om;aygi;f ( 1000) ywf0ef;usif &Sw d wfygw,f? tusO;f om;tcsKd @udk &Jbuf b,favmufydk@ydk@
axmifxu J dk 0ifvmrpJ woJojJ zpfaevdk@ tif;pdeaf xmifvkd raeoifh raetyfwt Jh &yf[m vlpnfum;wJh
t&yfvjdk zpfaeygw,f?
nae axmifrmS vlaygi;f udu k v f dk@ rde;f vfa*s;u oHacsmif;acgu&f ifawmh bk&m;0wfwuf&ygw,f?
+yD;awmh ud, k tfh yd ,
f mvdyu f dk ud, k t f oD;oD;,l&+yD; ud, k afh e&m ud, k t
f yd zf dk@ jyifqif&ygw,f?
tdy&f wJyh pkH u H awmh tcef;wpfcef;rSm tdy, f mudk twef;av;wef;cJG xm;ygw,f? tkwef &H u H dk
acgi;f ay;tdy&f wJh twef;u ESpw f ef;&S+d yD; tv,fa=umrSm b,fnmacgi;f csi;f qdik +f yD; tdy&f wJ@twef;u
ESpw f ef;&Syd gw,f? tdyaf qmifawG[m }uD;rm;us,jf yef@vaS yr,fh tusO;f om;OD;a& tifrwef
rsm;jym;vGe;f wma=umifh wpfO;D eJ@wpfO;D usyu f synf yfnyfeJ@ tdy&f ygw,f? tusO;f om;tm;vH;k [m
ausmcs&rHk #omavmufyJ tdyv f dk@&wmjzpfygw,f?
tdycf sed o f wfrw S xf m;wJ@ n(9)em&Drxd;k rcsi;f tcef;awGrmS vSaJ vsmif;=u+yD; oDcsi;f qdo k ql /dk
0Juw k of u l w k /f w&m;"rRta=umif; aqG;aEG;olaqG;aEG;/ Edik if aH &;ta=umif; ajymolajymeJ@ tdyaf qmifwpfcv k ;kH
qlnaH ewufygw,f? tdycf sed af &muf+yDq&dk ifawmh acgi;f axmifzdk@a0;pG/ 'l;acgi;f awmif axmifvdk@r&ygb;l ?
bm,mvdk@ac:wJh tusO;f om;wpfa,mufu tcef;wpf0u dk f av#mufaeygw,f? aemufyidk ;f tusO;f om;awG
t&rf;rsm;vmwma=umifh olvnf; rdvm† uefem;rSm oGm;+yD;apmif=h uyfae&ygawmhw,f?
bm,mapmif[ h m axmifrmS rD;ysu&f ifyjJ zpfjzpf/ 'grrS [kwf n( 9 ) em&Dausm&f ifjzpfjzpf ( 5 )
rdepfwpfcg
“ ( 3 ) aqmif/ ( 1 ) cef;/ vlaygi;f ( 120 ) a,muf/ tm;vk;H aumif;ygw,f q&m}uD; ” vdk@
ykrH eS af tmfae&ygw,f? tusO;f om;awGxu J tdro f moGm;csiw f mwdk@/ a&aomufcsiw f mwdk@ vkycf siwf tJh cgrmS
“ bm,m ao;ayguf ”
“ bm,m a&aomuf ”
“ bm,m tdro f mwuf ” ponfjzifah tmf&+yD; bm,muae
“ayguf ” “ aomuf ” “ wuf ” “ aeOD; ” pwJt h rdef@ wpfcck &k rS tdyaf e&muae
acgi;f axmifvdk@&wm jzpfygw,f? bm,m&Jch iG ðfh ycsurf &yJ acgi;f axmifwmwdk@/ xxdik w f mwdk@/
vrf;av#mufwmwdk@udk axmifpnf;urf;t& vk;H 0cGirfh ðyygb;l ? ( 5 ) rdepfwpfcgawmh
“ tm;vk;H aumif;ygw,f q&m}uD; ”
qdw k t Jh oHuawmh tdyrf aysmcf iftxd =um;ae&wk;H ?

(C ) td;k pm;ta=umif; ò*dvt

f a=umif;

usaemfwdk@ tdy&f wJth aqmifu tcef;wpfcef;rSm vl ( 120 ) ausmaf vmuf jynfo h yd f

xnfx
h m;wma=umifh tcef;twGi;f rSm =uyfnyfae+yD; touf&&_ wmvnf; r0ygb;l ? usaemfwdk@twGuf
vlawG=uyfnyfaewm tcwftcJ jzpfaeayr,fh axmifouf&ifah ewJh axmifobm}uD;awG/ tyfxnfawG
twGuu f awmh tqiftajyqk;H tuGuaf umif; jzpfaeygw,f?
axmifxrJ mS rD;c%c%ysu&f if zGizfh dk@twGuf rD;pufawG&ySd gw,f? 'gayr,fh rD;pufuqDudk
axmif0efxrf;awG cd;k 0Suaf &mif;pm;=uwma=umifh rD;ysuw f nJh qd&k if rD;pufrarmif;Edik w
f ma=umifh
tarSmifxrJ mS yJ ae&ygw,f?
 tJ'vD adk rSmif+yD qd&k ifjzifh axmifouf&ifah ewJh axmifobm}uD;awG/ tyfxnfawG
vkyif ef;pygawmhw,f? axmiftwGi;f vdiw f ql ufqjH cif;/ tEdik u f sio fh wfjzwfjcif;awGjzpfymG ;ygawmhw,f?
vdiw f cl si;f t"rRusicfh &H wJh tjzpftysuaf wG[m 'Dvt dk csed rf mS tjzpftrsm;qH;k jzpfygw,f?
axmifwiG ;f vdiw f l qufqrH r_ sKd ;udk 0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif;OD;Ek a&;cJw h Jh “&ufpufygayhu, G ”f pmtkyx f rJ mS awmh
zwfc&Jh zl;ygw,f? tJ'aD cwfwek ;f u t"rRvid w f l qufqcH v H u dk &f wJh oludk “td;k pm;” vdk@ac:=u+yD;
tckacwfrmS awmh “ò*dv”f vdk@ajymif;vJ ac:a0:=uwm awG@&ygw,f?
axmifxrJ mS vdiw f ql ufqcH v H u dk &f wJh olawmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m a,muFsm;pifppfawGyJ jzpfygw,f?
olwdk@awG[m tjyifrmS ac:a0:ae=uovdk tajcmufawG/ *ef';l awG/ rde;f r&SmawG r[kw=f uygb;l ?
tom;jzLjzL ydeyf ed o f ,G of ,G ef J@ toufi,f&, G w f oJh rl sm; axmifusvmygu axmifxrJ mS &Sw d J@
axmifouf&ifah ewJh axmifobm}uD;awG/ tyfxnfawGu olwdk@udk ò*dvzf rf;zdk@ apmifah e=uygawmhw,f?
orifi,fudk awG@vu dk &f wJh usm;ipOf;vJ}uD;awGvdk pm;rwwf 0g;rwwfrsuv f ;Hk awGeJ@ =unf&h =_ uygw,f?
usaemhf rsupf ad &SŒrSmwifyJ usaemfwdk@&Jh tcef;vl}uD;jzpfwJh aZmfru dk u
f ppfajy;r_eJ@ axmifusvmwJ@
ppfom;i,fwpfa,mufudk ò*dvb f 0udk ajymif;vJypfvu dk w f mudk rsujf rif awG@vu dk &f ygw,f?
aZmfru dk [ f m tJ'pD pfom;i,fudk t"rRvid w f l qufqv H udk +f yD; b0zsuf vdu k yf gawmhw,f?
&ky&f nfoef@jyef@wJh arG;&mygt&nftcsi;f [m axmifxrJ mS awmh ESp}f uD;axmifusorm;rsm;&Jh ò*dvt f jzpf
ajymif;vJomG ;cJ&h wmudk &ifeifph mG eJ@ awG@c&Jh ygw,f? toufi,fi,f&, G &f , G /f &ky&f nfoef@oef@eJ@
vlwpfa,muf axmifusvmygu aiGa=u;wufEidk &f if axmifr;_ axmifyidk w f dk@&Jh tyfxnfvyk &f ifvyk /f
rvky&f ifawmh axmifusEpS }f uD;orm;rsm;&Jh =uif,f mawmfb0udk a&muf&oSd mG ;rSmjzpf+yD;
axmifobmwef;pD;rsm;&Jh uawmf(10)yg;rSm wpfyg;tygt0if jzpfomG ;wwfygw,f?
axmifusEpS }f uD;orm;awG “ò*dv”f jzpfatmifvyk ef nf;&Jh tpuawmh axmifusvmwJh vlopfawGudk
yHpk H parmif;wJh ae&myJjzpfygw,f? (5)aqmif&t Jh cef;(1)[m axmifusvo l pfrsm;udk yHpk H parmif;wJh
ae&mjzpfovdk axmifusobmrsm;&Jh “ò*dvaf ps;uGu”f vnf;jzpfygw,f? tJ't D cef;(1)rSm axmifusvmwJh
vlopfawGuydk pHk x H idk yf /Hk &yfy/Hk axmifxrJ mS b,fvadk e&r,f/ b,fvpdk m;&r,f/ b,fvo dk mG ;&r,f/ pwmawGudk
oifay;ygw,f?
tJ'vD o dk ifwt Jh cgrmS vJ axmifustopfawGudk &mZ0wftusO;f om;(10)a,mufavmufu
ajcaxmufeJ@0idk ;f uef=u/ wkwef J@&u dk =f u/ rsuEf mS wnfw h nfu h dk ajcaxmufeJ@uef=u pwmawGuv dk rl qefpmG
jyKvkyyf gw,f? eHerd o fh mG ;r,fqw dk Jh pum;eJ@tnD eH&;dk =um;xJudk wkwef J@x;dk / &du k wf mawG rw&m;
jyKvky=f uygawmhw,f? wAke;f Ake;f &du k Ef u S o f aH wG jrnf[;D aewJh yHpk cH ef;[m i&Jwr# a=umufrufz, G f
aumif;avmufatmif atmf[pfoaH wGeJ@ qlnaH ewwfygw,f?
axmifx;Hk pHt& OD;csKd ;wmvdk@ ac:ygw,f? tm;yg;w&eJ@ vlrqefpmG &du k Ef u S af ewmudk axmifus
vlopfuav;awGcrsm tom;awG wqwfqwfwek af tmif a=umufvef@ ae=uygw,f? axmifr;_ awG/
axmifyidk af wG ud, k w f idk u f vnf; tusO;f om;tcsi;f csi;f ydrk &dk ufpufjyEdik w f Jh olrsKd ;udk ae&maumif;aumif;
ay;xm;wma=umifh tusO;f om;a[mif;awGu vlopfawGtay: yd+k yD; ESyd pf ufygawmhw,f? axmifypHk cH ef;rSm
wef;pD;vkyo f &l Jh vuf[m qdik ;f q&mpdeaf A'gvdk vufot H vGeaf jymifv+S yD; a&$ref;wifarmif
&_;H avmufatmifvnf; tajymaumif;vSygw,f?
“cifAsm;wdk@ tcka&mufaewJah xmif[m jrefrmEdik if rH mS &Sw d Jh axmif}uD;(36)axmifxu J &efuek f
tif;pdeAf [dak xmifyJ jzpfw,f”
“bmaxmifvaJ [h”
“&efuek t f if;pdeAf [dk pHjytusO;f axmifyg”
“toHawGw;dk w,f”
 tJ'v D dk wef;pD;u toHawGw;dk w,fvdk@ ajymvdu k wf meJ@ ab;em;uapmifah ewJh &mZ0wfom;
yg;uGuo f m;awG&Jh wkwaf wG[m axmifus vlopfawG=um;xJ wajzmif;ajzmif; eJ@a&muf&Sd oGm; ygawmhw,f?
ausmuke;f udk tm;yg;w& aqmifu h efvu dk w f Jh bkwuf eJqw dk Jh toHawG us,af vmifvm+yD; tusO;f om;opf
awG&Jh atmf[pfoaH wG [de;f wufvmjyefygw,f?
“cifAsm;wdk@ axmifrmS ae&if axmifpnf;urf; vdu k ef m&r,f? cifAsm;wdk@[m tjyifzufrmS bmaumif
}uD;yJjzpfaeae/ b,favmufyJ csr;f omcsr;f om/ cifAsm;wdk@eJ@qidk w f J *k%jf 'yfawG/ OpPmypPn;f awGudk a[m'D
tif;pdeAf [dpk jH ytusO;f axmif&Jh Al;0rSmcsw d x f m;cJ?h =um;vm;”
“at;/ axmifxrJ mS oGm;&if;vm&if; axmifr;_ / axmifyidk af wGeJ@awG@&if b,fvadk e&r,f/
b,fvadk jym&r,f/ qd&k r,fqw dk m rif;wdk@udk tm;vH;k oifay;+yD;om;/ +yD;awmhrS axmifr;_ /
axmifyidk af wGuar;vdk@ usaemfrodvdk@yg/ usaemfrwufvdk@ygqv dk dk@uawmh ud, k afh qGu,dk rfh sKd ;awGtm;vH;k
'gvmoGm;r,f”
“axmifxrJ mS cifAsm;wdk@[m bmaumif}uD;rSr[kwb f ;l / axmifxv J m+yD; qifzrf;r,f/ usm;zrf;r,f
rvkyef J@ ,ifaumifzrf;oGm;&r,f/ a[haumifawG tm;vH;k =um;vm;”
“=um;ygw,f”
tJ'v D dk yHpk cH ef;rSm rw&m;&du k Ef u S wf mawGudk rcHEidk =f uwJo h al wGu olwdk@ygvmwJah pmifav;awG/
ykq;dk av;awGeJ@ wef;pD;vkyo f u
l dk vmbfx;dk ygw,f? tJ'v D v dk mbfx;dk wJo h ul dk &du
k w
f wJh wk u
f ae&ma&GŒoGm;yg
awmhw,f? tusO;f om;awGqu D rw&m;&vdu k w
f Jh t0wftpm;awGupdk k tup0efxrf;awGudk jyefa&mif;+yD;
tav#mftpm; jyKvky=f uygawmhw,f?

(i)

ò*dvzf rf;enf;
axmifupdk a&mufvmwJh tusO;f om;opfawGudk yHpk aH rmif;wJt h cef;rSm rw&m;&du k Ef u
S rf a_ =umifh
a=umufvef@aewJh tusO;f om; awGxu J ydik &f mqdik &f mawGeJ@ ò*dvaf &G;zdk@ twGuf tjcm; taqmifu
wef;pD;vl}uD;awG/ axmifusEpS }f uD;orm;awG a&muf&v Sd mygw,f? olwdk@eJ@ow d o Jh ql &dk if
&du
k Ef u S af ewJw h ef;pD;eJ@ em;vnfr, _ +l yD; yHpk cH ef;xJuae ac:xkwo f mG ;ygw,f?
'grsKd ;ud“k tydik of m;”vdk@axmiftac:ta0:t& od&ygw,f?
ò*dvaf &G;wJh wef;pD;usawmh oloabmuswJh csmwdwu f adk wG@+yDqrdk jS zifh &du k af ewJw h ef;pD;udk ol@tydik o f m;vdk@
oGm;ajymygw,f? tJ'rD mS awmh a&G;+yD;om; csmwdwt f em;rSm wAke;f Ake;f jrnfatmif csmwdwf
a=umufvef@atmif ESpq f wd;k &du k jf yygw,f? (1)em&Davmuf=umatmif &du k Ef u
S jf y+yD;wJh tcgusrS
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tJ'aD wmhrS yHpk cH ef; vl}uD;u
“rif;tydik o f m;qdv k nf; apmapmpD;pD;u ajymwmr[kwb f ;l uGm/ uJ'gq&dk if yHpk aH rmif;aewJh vltyk x f J
uxGu”f qd+k yD; vufn;_d xd;k jywJh csmwdwaf v;udk ac:xkwv f u dk yf gw,f? +yD;awmh csmwdwaf &SŒrSmyJ
“rif;rsuEf mS eJ@rdk@ igxw k af y;vdu k wf maemf/ Edk@rdk@qrdk &bl;” vdk@ yHpk aH rmif;wef;pnf;u ò*dvaf &G;wef;pnf;udk
ajymvdu k yf gw,f? tJ'cD smwdwu f vJ axmifut dk ckrS pa&mufwmqdak wmh axmifta=umif;bmrS em;rvnf
ao;ygb;l ? 'hga=umifh t&du k t f ESuaf wG =um;xJu ol@udk u,fwifvu dk wf Jh oluydk J r[m aus;Zl;&Si}f uD;yrm
,H=k unf ud;k pm; oGm;ygw,f?
tm;ud;k txif}uD;wJph w d af wG jzpfay:cJw h ,f qd&k ifvnf; 'g[m axmifudk rae@wpfae@urSa&mufvm+yD;
vlrqefwJ@ &du k Ef u
S rf a_ wGa=umifh a=umuf&ŒGH wkev f y_ rf _ ay:&ygw,fqw dk m tqef;awmh r[kwyf gb;l ?
“'gigt h ydik o
f m;”vdk@ajymqdck w Jh meJ@ ywfouf+yD; tJ'w D ef;pnf;qdw k v Jh u l dk csmwdwcf rsm wpfcgrS rjrifczJh ;l ygb;l ?
yHpk cH ef;xJrmS &Sw d Jh tusO;f om;awGxu J rS bma=umifh ol@udk a&G;xkwf u,fwifco Jh vJqw dk meJ@ yufouf+yD;
wpfcgrS rar; =unfch w Jh m tJ'cD smwdw&f Jh trSm;ygy?J
'Dvedk J@ u,fwif&iS f wef;pnf;vkyo f u l 'kw, d ajrmufpnf;&H;k wJt h aeeJ@ a&uefu bkwu f idk ef J@ tay;t,l
ajcvSr;f w&yfjyif+yD; nSEd i_d ;f r_awG jyKvkyyf gw,f? axmiftusO;f om;awG tm;vH;k a&csKd ; &wJt h csed f
a&mufwt Jh cgrmS wef;pnf;&Jh csmwdwaf v;u a&csKd ;zdk@a&uefudk oGm;ygw,f?
wef;pnf;eJ@}udKwif vuf0g;csi;f &du k x f m;wJh a&uefbm,mu a&udk nDnn D mnm rcyfvdk@/ aemuf qkw+f yD;
a&csKd ;vdk@q+dk yD; csmwdwu f dk tjypf&mS +yD; a&uefrmS yJ acG;&du k /f EGm;&du k f &du k yf gawmhw,f? }udKwif
tuGucf sxm;wJt h wdik ;f wef;pD;u &kww f &uf tem;rSm ay:vm+yD;
“a[haumif/ 'gigch smwdwu f /G rif;em;rvnfb;l vm;”
qd+k yD; a&uefbm,mudk rsupf rd w Sd +f yD; [de;f a[mufygw,f? a&uefbm,m&Jh wkwcf surf sm; &yfwef@
oGm;ygw,f? +yD;awmh ajymajymqdq k ydk J igeJ@twl a&vdu k cf sKd ;vdk@ ajym+yD; csmwdwu f dk ac:xkwo f mG ;ygw,f?
wef;pnf;&Jh ol@tay:,H=k unftm;ud;k vmatmif qGaJ qmifcsuaf wGudk csmwdwcf rsm bmrSrodyJ olac:&m
aemufuv dk udk +f yD; omreftusO;f om;awG (15)cGuo f mcsKd ;&wJt h qifu h ae a&ZvHek J@}udKufoavmuf cyfcsKd ;vdk@
&wJt h qifu h dk a&mufomG ;awmh t}uD;tus,f aysmaf eygw,f?
pdwx f u J ae r[maus;Zl;awG wifaeayr,fh ol@tajctaeu Adv k vf v dk /dk ò*dvv f v dk dk jzpfaewmudk
owdrjyKrd&mS ygb;l ? &ufwpf&uf ukev f eG o
f mG ;+yD; aemufwpfae@usjyefawmh tvkyaf vbmcswmeJ@ csmwdwf
xyf+yD; &ifqidk &f ygw,f? tvkyaf vbmbkwu f wef;pnf;&Jh yxrenf;awGt& csmwdwu f dk rdvm† bkwx f J
xnfv h udk yf gw,f? csmwdwv f nf; tlwt d al =umifeJ@ rdvm† bkwu f adk &mufomG ;ygw,f?
rdvm† uefa&mufawmh ol@urdk v d m† bkwu f idk u
f rdvm† awGudk vufeJ@jcpf+yD;oGecf idk ;f / usKH ;cdik ;f ygw,f?
em&D0ufavmuf=umwJt h cgrmS csmwdwcf rsm rdvm† &Jh 'kuu Q kd 0Ëfwpfcv k dk cHpm;aewke;f jAKef;qdk
ol@&u J ,fwif&iS f }uD; wef;pD; a&mufvmygawmhw,f?
“a[h/ 'grif;udb k ,focl idk ;f wmvJ/ [m[dak umifawGawmh yg;&du k cf &H awmhryS /J a[h'gigv h u l /G 'Drv d m† uae
csucf si;f bkwaf jymif;prf;”
wdik yf ifuu dk +f yD;om; olk@&t Jh aygi;f tygawGu [kwu f q Jh udk m csmwdwu f dk oufawmifo h ufom&Sw d Jh
tvkyb f w k u f dk ajymif;ay;vdu k yf gw,f? tJ't D cgrw S ef;pD;u csmwdwu f dk
“csmwdw/f axmifxrJ mS ausmaxmufaemufcrH &S&d if rif;ud0k idk ;f +yD; xnfo h mG ;vdrf@r,f/ iguvnf; rif;tem;rSm
tcsed jf ynfah eEdik w f mr[kwb f ;l / 'gayr,fh rif;igeJ@ twlwal ewmrsm;&if axmifxu J vlawGu
igeJ@ywfoufw,fq+dk yD; rif;udk b,faumifrS xd&aJ wmhrmS r[kwb f ;l / aemufq;Hk wpfcck jk zpf&ifawmifumG
rif;igeh mrnfajym+yD; &Si;f vdk@&w,f/ 'ga=umifh rif;igeJ@twlwl vmaeygvm;”
qd+k yD;csmwdwu f dk ò*dvv f yk zf dk@twGuf teD;uyf pnf;&H;k ygw,f? tajccHu &d;k om;+yD; ausmaxmuf aemufcH
trSo D [JuvJr&S/d ynmA[kow k uvnf; enf;&SmwJh csmwdww f pfa,muf[m wef;pD;&Jhpum;a=umifh
ode;f qk}uD; t}udr}f udraf yguo f vdk cHpm;oGm;&r,f qdw k m aocsmygw,f?
oleJ@omtwlwal e&if r[muHx;l &Sif wpfa,mufvdk t&du k t f ESucf /H tESyd t f pufrcH&yJ aumif; aumif;pm;/
aumif;aumif;ae&+yD; Adv k w f pfyg; jzpfvmEdik w f ,fvdk@ awG;+yD; wef;pnf;eJ@ twlwal ezdk@ vG,v f , G f uluyl J
acgi;f ndwf vufcv H u
dk yf gw,f?

(p)

ò*dvjf zpfatmifvyk ef nf;

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tdypf ufygawmhw,f? nzuf tdy, f mcsawmh axmifusvmwJh vlopfawGudk vlawG jynfu h syaf eatmif
rsm;vGe;f vSwt Jh wGuf rdvm† uefem;rSm zsmtpkwaf wGeJ@ ae&mcsygw,f?
tJ't D xJrmS csmwdwrf ygygb;l ? wef;pD;em;rSm zsmaumif;aumif;/ tdy, f mcif;/ apmifaumif;aumif;awGeJ@
tdy&f w,f? naewke;f u xrif;pm;csed rf mS csu[ f if;/ csux f rif;eJ@pm;&vdk@ axmifuswmudak rh+yD;
taysm}f uD;aysm/f aus;Zl;&Sif u,fwif&iS }f uD;udk E_wu f wzGzG aus;Zl;wifaeav&J?h 'gayr,fh csmwdw&f Jh
aysm&f i$ rf a_ wG[m nOfOh ;D ,HrmS yJ pwif vGipfh ifomG ;ygw,f?
n(9)em&D tdycf sed +f yD;awmh axmifwpfcv k ;Hk bm,m&Jh wpfcsuw f pfcsuaf tmfou H vGvJ dk@ wdwq f w d f
aeygawmhw,f? csmwdwu f dk e*du k wnf;u t}uHeJ@ pnf;&H;k cJw h Jh wef;pnf;u oleJ@twl vdiq f ufqzH dk@
csmwdwu f dk pwif aoG;aqmifygw,f? napmifb h m,m&Jh “tdycf sed /f acgi;f awGb,forl S raxmifeJ@/
axmifvdk@uawmhww k vf mr,f”qdw k J@ +cdr;f ajcmufou H vnf; =um;ae&ygw,f? csmwdwjf zpfocl rsm
tdyaf e&muae xdik rf &/ xr&/ xGuaf jy;vdk@vnf;r& jzpfaewke;f axmif0efxrf;udk atmfac:zdk@
}udK;pm;jyefawmh ol@aemufausmu wef;pD;&Jh oHcseG }f uD;u axmufxm;wm awG@&w,f? ae@cif;zufwek ;f u
ol@&u Jh ,fwif&iS [ f m nzufrmS bDv;l qdw k m ckawmh csmwdwo f o d mG ;yg+yD? 'gayr,fh odwht J csed [f m
aESmif;oGm;cJyh g+yD?
“reufusvdk@[w dk idk /f 'Dwidk v
f yk &f if toufeJ@u, dk f td;k pm;uGo J mG ;r,f”
vdk@+cdr;f ajcmufygw,f? csmwdw[ f m ppfwyfu ppfom;wpfa,muf jzpfygw,f? cGi&fh ufausmv f eG f
ysuu f u G w f mudk wyfajy;vdk@ w&m;&H;k u owfrw S +f yD; axmifusvmwJo h l jzpfygw,f? 'gudk tcGiafh umif;,l+yD;
wef;pnf;&Jh taygi;f tygawGu reufr;dk vif;awmh csmwdwu f dk “ppforD;” vdk@0idk ;f ac:=u/ csmwdwu f dk “&Si”f
vdk@jyefx;l cdik ;f eJ@ w0g;0g;eJ@ 0dik ;f &,f=u/ avSmifajymif=uygw,f?
vlwpfa,muf t"rRusicfh &H wmudk vlrqefpmG 0dik ;f &,f ae=uygao;w,f? tjrifrawmfwJh vlawGu
axmifxu J 'Dvt dk Edik uf sirfh a_ wGudk axmifr;_ udk wifjy=uaomfvnf;
“um,uH&iS af wG wifjyrS ta&;,lr,f/ rif;wdk@ vufy;l vuf=uyfrrdyJ vm+yD;&H;k rwifeJ@” jyefajym
v$wv f u dk yf gw,f?
'Dupd aP wGrmS axmifr;_ ud, k wf idk u
f rodcsiaf ,mifaqmifae=u+yD; wpfzufu tm;ay; tm;ajrSmuf
jyKaeygw,f?
t"rRvid w f l qufqrH r_ sKd ;udk omreftusO;f om;awG tcsi;f csi;f jyKvkyw f m r&So d avmuf &Sm;+yD;
axmiftyk cf sKyfa&;twGuf wm0efwpfpw Hk pfck ,lxm;wJh olawGuom &mE_e;f jynfeh ;D yg; usK;vGe=f uwm
awG@&ygw,f? jrefrmEdik if t H wGi;f emrnfq;dk eJ@ ausm=f um;vSwJh axmifawGteuf tif;pdeaf xmif[m
vdiw f t l "rRjyKusirfh a_ wGu jzpf&;dk jzpfpOfawGvdk jzpfaeygw,f? tjcm;aom axmifawGrmS vJ 'Dvdk jzpf&yfawG
&Sad eayr,fh tif;pdeaf xmif[m tjzpfrsm;qH;k jzpfygw,f
tJ'v D dk vdiw f q l ufqaH &;uae wqifh tdwcf st f idk Af DG Adik ;f &yfpyf ;dk ul;pufysŒH ESu Hh m attdik 'f tD ufa&m*g
jzpfymG ;r_Ee_ ;f vJ jrifw h ufvmygw,f?
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tusO;f axmifawG&Jh nzuf vlajcwdwcf sed af wG[m t"rRvid w f q l ufqrH a_ wG tjyif axmifwiG ;f vlowfyGJ
awGvnf; +cdr+fh cdro fh J usi;f y=uww=fuygw,f?
tcef;(6)
(u)

axmifwiG ;f Adv
k v
f yk GJ

axmifxrJ mS ae&wke;f axmifwiG ;f Adv k vf =k uwJh wdu k yf aGJ wGeJ@ ywfouf+yD; ajymjycsiyf gao;w,f?
[d;k t&ifacwfawGwek ;f u axmifuadk &mufvmwJ@ tr_awGxrJ mS (302) qdw k J@vo l wfre_ J@
axmifusvmwJo h al wG tifrwef &Sm;yg;vSygw,f? vlowfre_ J@ axmifusvmwJh tusO;f om;qd&k if
usew f t Jh usO;f om;awGu zdef@zed f@wek af tmif a=umuf&ŒGH &ygw,f?
tJ'v D dk omreftusO;f om;awGu olwdk@uadk =umuf&ŒG H &ovdk tup0efxrf;awGuvnf;
uset f usO;f om;awGudk tkycf sKyfzdk@twGuf ae&may;wwf=uygw,f? 'gayr,fh e0wacwfrmS awmh yk'rf (302)
vlowfru _ yvlysaH tmif rsm;jym;vSwmudk awG@&+yD; tJ'D yk'rf orm;awG tcsi;f csi;f axmifwiG ;f ae&mvkwJh
(Advk v f w k )Jh udpaP wG qufwu dk jf yKvkyv f mygawmhw,f?
vlowfre_ J@ axmifusvmwm ESp&f n S o f rm;rsm;[m olwdk@rmS axmif0ifpm vmwmvnf;r&S/d ausmaxmuf
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k t f jzpfeJ@
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vlprG ;f aumif;awG vkyEf idk zf dk@ “Adv k ”f vkyaGJ wG jyKvkyv f m =uygw,f?
axmifxrJ mS Adv k jf zpf+yD qdv
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axmifwiG ;f oGi;f xm;wwf=uygw,f?
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jzpfomG ;ygu oHcseG ef J@ xd;k cH&ol raoyJ owfwo Jh u
l dk axmif0efxrf;awG 0dik ;f &du k v
f dk@ toufygavmufatmif
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ae&mwpfae&m ay;ygw,f? tJ't D csed u
f p+yD; axmifxrJ mS “Adv k ”f jzpfomG ;ygawmhw,f?
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tusO;f om; awmfawmfrsm;rsm; axmifxrJ mS ajymwmuawmh nzuftyd af e&if; wpfa,mufa,mufu
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tcef;awGuaetaqmif/ taqmifawGuae wpfaxmifv;Hk “a[;”qd+k yD;toH}uD; nzufrmS [de;f xGuf
vmwwfygw,fvdk@ ajym=uygw,f? usaemf&w Sd t
Jh aqmifrmS (3)/ (4) }udraf vmuf tJ'v D dk jzpfz;l ygw,f?
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bm,mawGu “o&Jp;D wm 'Daumifupwm” qd+k yD;0dik ;f &du k f =uygawmhw,f? o&Jawmh ajymrwwfygb;l ?
um,uH&iS u f awmh t&d;k wpfjcm;/ tom;wpfjcm; t&du k cf v H u dk &f ygawmhw,f? 'guawmh usaemfocd w Jh Jh
axmifwiG ;f o&Jp;D wJh ta=umif;av;yJ jzpfygw,f?
axmifxrJ mS o&Jp;D vdk@ qlqn l n
H jH zpfovdk Adv k v f yk aGJ wGa=umifv h nf; qlqn l n
H H jzpfwwfygw,f? axmifxrJ mS
vlowf+yD; aemufxyfjypfra_ wGeJ@ axmifxu J jdk yef0ifvmwJh tusO;f om; vlru dk af wGudk axmiftm%mydik f
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ay;=uawmhwm jzpfygw,f?
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f yk GJ
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wpf&u G af vmufwm wefz;dk r&Scd w Jh mawGudk usaemf }uHKawG@&or# wifjyvdyk gw,f?
(c)

oGm;emaevdk@ vlowfwm

tif;pdeaf xmifxrJ mS om;om;qdw k Jh &mZ0wftusO;f om; wpfa,muf&ySd gw,f? om;om;[m

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rxm;awmhyJ ppfacG;wdu k uf dk ydk@vu dk yf gw,f? wpfae@rmS reufyidk ;f }uD; om;om;u ol@omG ; rcHr&yfEidk f
uduk af ewma=umifh axmifq&m0efudk tac:cdik ;f ygw,f?
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tJ'aD wmh om;om;uvnf; ol@omG ;wpfaeukef emusiaf evdk@ axmifq&m0efuadk c:ay;/ rac:ay;&if
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jyefajymvduk yf gw,f?
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om;om;eJ@ 0efxrf;wpfa,muf tqifrajy jzpfaecsed rf mS wdu k w f u dk q f idk q f idk f w&m;&Hjk yefawGudk axmifxu J
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to/D;oD; ud, k afh e&mud, k f tdy=f uygw,f?
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udjk rifOh ;D udk om;om;u ajcaxmufeJ@uef+yD;E_;dk ygw,f? “rif;[db k ufaxmifrh mS oGm;tdy”f qd+k yD;ajymygw,f?
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uHaumif;oGm;w,fqw dk m c%t=umrSmyJ odvu dk yf gawmhw,f?
om;om;[m ol@&Jh ajzusi;f eJ@a'guu f dk aoaocsmcsmjyifqif/ ol@yq k ;dk udk jyefjyif0wfygw,f?
tdro f mwufwJh *efzvm;ab;u tkwcf w J pfv;Hk udk qGjJ zKwfvu dk +f yD; ol@eab;em;u tdyaf rmusaewJ@
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auseyfavmufatmif &du k +f yD;csed rf mS tcsKyfom;crsm toHawmif rxGuEf idk &f mS yJ toufZ0D ed f
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vufeufcszdk@ ajymygw,f? om;om; vufeufcs +yD;wJt h cgrmS axmifyidk u
f tcsKyfom;udk bmha=umifh
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w&m;&H;k &ifqidk &f rSm jzpfygw,f?
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aocsm ygw,f?
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axmiftwGi;f rSm vl@touf[m puUef@yidk ;f twGi;f rSmyJ vH+k cHKr_ uif;a0;oGm;wmudk awG@vu dk &f ygw,f?

(*)

}udK;rdef@eJ@raoyJ aygufjym;eJ@ ao&ol

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jy\emawGjzpfymG ;ygw,f?
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wpfcsuEf pS cf su&f u dk yf gw,f? 'Dv&dk u dk +f yD; vufrmS !Syx f m;wJt h yfudk wifyg;ay:udk pdu k +f yD;&duk cf svu dk yf gw,f?
wifyg;xJ tyfa&mufomG ;+yD;qdrk S aq;xd;k wH zef¹yGeaf csmif;udt k yfeJ@ wyf+yD; owfrw S x f m;wJh
twdik ;f twmeJ@ aq;xd;k ygw,f? wpfa,muf+yD;&if wifyg;utyfujdk zKwf 'Dtwdik ;f yJ tjcm;wpfa,mufudk
ac:+yD; yxrenf;wl tyfeJ@pu dk /f zef¹yGew f yf/ aq;xd;k csygw,f?
aq;xd;k tyf wpfacsmif;wnf;eJ@ vlaygi;f rsm;pGmudk zefacsmif;xJu aq;&nfrukerf csi;f xyfwvJvJ
xd;k ygw,f? 'Dvadk q;xd;k r_rsKd ;udk axmiftwGi;f ae@pOfvv dk dk jyKvkyaf qmif&u G yf gw,f? usaemfvnf; txufyg
enf;vrf;awGtwdik ;f aq;xd;k cHc&Jh zl;+yD; wpfO;D eJ@wpfO;D a&m*gy;dk ul;pufr_ tjzpfrsm;qH;k jzpfEidk w f eJh nf;
jzpfygw,f?
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axmifusvmwJh yk'rf 14(C)tusO;f om;awG jzpfygw,f? (aq;xd;k wJt h cgrmS rl;,pfaq;oH;k pGrJ e_ J@ axmifus
vmolawGuom aq;xd;k ay;&wJh ta=umif;&if;uawmh axmif0efxrf;awG/ aq;rSL;awG/ q&m0efawG
ta=umaq;xd;k wJt h cgrmS tyfeJ@(3)}udr/f (4)}udraf vmuf ta=um&Smvdk@ cH&wJv h el mrSm tifrwefudk
emusi&f ygw,f? 'ga=umifh aq;xd;k wJt h cgrmS vufrwkeyf J nifnifomom xd;k ay;ae=uwJh bde;f pm;
yk'rf 14(C)awGuom aq;xd;k ay;avh&ySd gw,f? ) aemufxyf a&m*gu;l pufEidk w f Jh enf;wpfcu k awmh
axmifxu J dk a&mufvmwJo h rl eS o f r# jyKvkyaf e=uavh&w Sd Jh aq;rSiaf =umifx;dk wJh udpyP gy?J
axmifxrJ mS axmifusvmolrsm;u olwdk@&cJh E<muk, d af y:rSm trSww f &taeeJ@ &ufpw GJ dk@/
ckEpS of uU&mZfwdk@/ &kyyf t Hk vSwdk@udk a&;xd;k avh&ySd gw,f? tJ'v D dk aq;rSiaf =umif xd;k wJt h cgrmS axmifwiG ;f u
awG@&m oHcseG /f oHw/dk oHacsmif;av;awGeJ@ pkww f t H jzpf toH;k jyK+yD; aq;rSiaf =umif xd;k ygw,f?
'Dvjdk yKr_wm[m axmifwiG ;f rqef;vSwJh udpjP zpfygw,f? tusO;f om;awG tJ'v D dk pkwx f ;dk xm;wmudk
axmif0efxrf;awG awG@&if t"rRcsKyf+yD; zsujf ypfygw,f? tup 0efxrf; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u
tusO;f om;awG wrifwum tom;ematmif zsuw f t Jh cgrmS vnf; trJuu G }f uD;jzpfatmif
jyKvkyaf vh&ySd gw,f?
&efuek w f idk ;f tajccHausmif;om;or*~uae axmifusvmwJh ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif
wpfa,mufjzpfwJh &JawZ qd&k if ol@&v Jh ufarmif;rSm tup0efxrf;awGu tom;ematmif wrifjyKvkyf
xm;wJh '%f&m'%fcsuaf wG &Syd gw,f? tdwt f idk Af aDG &m*gy;dk ul;pufEidk w f Jh aemufxyf wpfenf;uawmh
axmifxu J dk a&muf&v Sd mwJh &mZ0wfrt _ usO;f orm;awG awmfawmfjyKvkyaf vh&w Sd Jh udpu P awmh
vdiw f efqmxJudk zefptvH;k rsm; xnfo h iG ;f wJuh pd P jzpfygw,f? 'gudk a*:vDxnfw h ,fvdk@ ac:a0:=uygw,f?
wefqmtwGi;f udx k nfw h Jh zefv;Hk awGudk axmiftwGi;f acsmif;}udKacsmif;=um;u&wJh zefupGJ awGudk
wrHwvif;eJ@ yGww f u dk +f yD; a*:vDv;Hk tao;pm; t&G,af v;xd&atmif yGww f udk af oG;,lygw,f?
vdck siw f yJh rm% t&G,t f pm; &vmwJt h cg vdiw f wH efqm&Jh tay:,Hta&jym;udk b&dw"f g;eJ@
cGcJ svu dk yf gw,f? +yD;rS uG[ J oGm;wJh ta&jym;xJudk toifah oG;+yD;om; zefa*:vDav;awGudk xnfo h iG ;f +yD;
bmumuG,af q;rS rxnfyh J 'Dtwdik ;f xm;vdu k yf gw,f? 'Dtwdik ;f temusuo f mG ;olawG&o Sd vd/k tem&if;+yD;
ar;cdik yf ;dk 0ifomG ;olrsm;udv k nf; awG@&ygw,f? ta&jym;cGw J aJh e&mrSm toH;k jyKwJh b&dw"f g;udv k nf;
toH;k rjyKcif t&ufjyefow k f vdr;f jcif;vH;k 0r&Syd J tJ'"D g;eJ@ wpfa,mufwpfvn S fh toH;k jyK=uygw,f?
'Dvdk a*:vDudk usrG ;f usrG ;f usiu f sif xnfah y;wJo h u l dk tzd;k tctjzpf aq;vdy(f 10) vdyf
'grrS [kw(f 15)vdycf ef@ avmufay;ygw,f? 'Dvdk vdiw f efqmxJ zefa*:vDv;Hk xnfo h iG ;f wm[m trsKd ;orD;rsm;
eJ@ vdiq f ufqw H t Jh cg vdit f &omydrk dk aumif;rGepf mG cHpm;Edik zf dk@ jzpfw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f? axmif0efxrf;
rsm;[m axmiftusO;f om;xJu tdwcf st f idk Af DG a&m*g&w Sd ,fvdk@ oHo,&So d al wGudk tcef;wpfcef;wnf;rSm
pkpnf;+yD; xm;&Syd gw,f?
axmifxaJ &muf+yD;rS tdwcf st f idk Af aDG &m*g ul;pufcv H udk &f w,fvdk@ oHo,&Scd cH &Jh wJh t&ifwek ;f u
usaemfeJ@ &if;ES;D cJzh ;l wJ@ olwpfa,mufuv dk nf; axmif0efxrf;awGu tdwcf st f idk Af DG a&m*gy;dk &Sw d ,fvdk@
pm&if;oGi;f cH&+yD; a&m*gy;dk &Sw d o Jh al wGaewJh tcef;xJudk ydk@vu dk yf gw,f? tJ'aD &m*gy;dk &Sw d Jh tcef;xJu vlawGrmS
tdwcf st f idk Af aDG &m*gy;dk trSew f u,f &Sw d ,f/ r&Sb d ;l qdw k m cGjJ cm;Edik zf dk@ cufcyJ gw,f? bmjzpfvdk@vnf;qdak wmh
tJ'v D al wGudk 0efxrf;awGu aocsmcdik rf mwJ@ aq;ppfra_ wG rjyKvkycf =Jh uvdyk J jzpfygw,f?
(c)
&efuek +f rdK@&Jh bde;f pcef;
tif;pdeaf xmiftwGi;f r_;,pfaq;0g; tajctaeawGxu J usaemfoo d avmuf tenf;i,f
ajymjyvdyk gw,f? axmifxrJ mS rl;,pfaq;0g;&&Szd dk@ tifrwefrS vG,u f v l yS gw,f? tif;pdeaf xmif}uD;[m
&efuek +f rdK@ bde;f pcef;wpfcv k dk@ ajym&ifrrSm;ygb;l ? bde;f jzLudk axmiftwGi;f tvG,w f ul &&SEd idk +f yD; w&m;0if
oH;k pGcJ iG fh jyKxm;ovm; atmufarh&atmif rl;,pfaq;oH;k pGrJ _ aygrsm;vSygw,f?
tif;pdeaf xmiftwGi;f udk bde;f jzLawG/ tjcm;r_;,pfaq;0g;awG a&muf&v Sd mwJh yHpk t H rsKd ;rsKd ;&Syd gw,f?
wpfrsKd ;u tcsKyfaqmifuae+yD; &efuek +f rdK@ vnfacgix f u J dk w&m;&H;k xGuw f Jh vlawGuae wqifh a&muf&Sd
Edik yf gw,f? aemufwpfrs;dk uawmh axmif0efxrf;awGu wqifah xmifwiG ;f odk@ oGi;f ,lweJh nf;eJ@ a&muf&Sd
Edik yf gw,f?
tJ't D xJu wpfrsKd ;xl;jcm;wJh enf;uawmh axmif0efxrf;[m olwm0efuswt Jh csed f axmifwiG ;f udk
0ifwt Jh cgrmS ol@cE<mud, k rf mS wygwnf; ,laqmifvmygw,f? +yD;awmh axmifxrJ mS aq;wefz;dk owfrw S +f yD;
a&mif;csweJh nf; jzpfygw,f? aemufwpfcu k axmifA;l 0rSm ppfaq;r_=uyfwnf;wJt h cg (wvmpDwt Jh cg)
axmife&J aH xmifah wG&Jh tay:&Sd vifph if(uif;pOf)rSm&Sw d Jh 0efxrf;eJ@ axmifwiG ;f u 0efxrf; tcsi;f csi;f
em;vnfr, _ +l yD; uif;pOfay:uae }udK;eJ@csay;wJh enf;vnf;&Syd gw,f? tcsKyfxu G f tcsKyfom;awG
,lvmyHu k awmh +rdK@xu J &dk ;Hk xGuw f t Jh cgrmS &Japmifah &SmufwJh &Jpcef;xJrmS rl;,pfaq;0g;awGudk
yvyfpwpfawGeJ@ txyfxyfywf+yD; tcsKyfcef;xJrmS yJ yg;pyfxJ +rdKcsvu dk yf gw,f? tJ't D wdik ;f
Aduk x f rJ mS xnf+h yD; axmifxu J dk oGi;f ,lvmygw,f? axmifxaJ &muf+yD; aemufwpfae@ tdro f mwufwJh
tcgusrS rae@u +rdKcsxm;cJw h Jh bde;f jzLxkyu f dk rpifyx Hk u J ae jyef&mS ,lygw,f? +yD;rS yvwfpwpfujdk znf+yD;
bde;f jzLr_ef@udk aq;vdyx f J xnfo h iG ;f toH;k jyK=uygw,f? tJ'eD nf;twdik ;f tcsKd @tusO;f om;awGu ydu k q f u
H dk
txkyjf yKvky+f yD; oGi;f ygw,f? yvufpwpfeJ@ oGi;f ,lwt Jh cgrmS bde;f jzLudyk wfxm;wJh yvufpwpfu
yg;v$mcJ&h if tpmtdrt f wGi;f tdwaf ygu+f yD; bde;f jzLrsm; cE<mud, k w f pfcv k ;Hk ysŒH ESH@omG ;ygawmhw,f?
bde;f jzLawG tqrwef cE<mud, k xf J ysŒH ESH@ygu aovkarsmyg;cHpm;&+yD; csucf si;f vufiif;
toufaysmufomG ;olawGvnf; &Syd gw,f? wpfcsKd Œuawmh 0rf;Adu k tf wGi;f +rdKrcsyJ ptd0k twGi;f rSm xnf+h yD;
o,faqmifwwfygw,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'eD nf;u pdwcf s&r_ enf;yg;wma=umifh odyt f oH;k rjyK=uygb;l ?
bmjzpfvdk@vnf;qdak wmh 'Denf;vrf;udk axmif0efxrf;awG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u od&=Sd u+yD; tcsKyfuaetjyef
axmift0if wvmpDwt Jh cg atmufuu dk ek ;fk cdik ;f +yD; ptd0k xJudk vuf!;d_ xd;k &SmazGum zrf;qD;avh
&Sad oma=umifh jzpfygw,f?
'gayr,fh 'guvnf; &Hzef&cH gro S m jyKvkyw f wfwm jzpfygw,f? 'Dae&mrSm usaemfu, dk af wG@ }uHK&wJh
tjzpftysuaf v;wpfcu k dk ajymjyygr,f? tif;pdeaf xmifudk aq;rSL;tjzpf udx k eG ;f xGe;f OD; qdo k w l pfa,muf
axmif'%f ESp&f n S u
f svmygw,f? usaemfwdk@taqmifu axmifr;_ OD;pd;k OD;&Jh pma&;oabmrsKd ; vkyu f idk &f vdk@
usaemfwdk@ taqmif(3)rSm enf;enf;ta&;yg t&ma&mufygw,f? wpfae@rmS udx k eG ;f xGe;f OD;[m taqmifrmS
axmifr;_ r&Scd u dk f ESmacgi;f xJudk bde;f jzLr_ef@ ±_oiG ;f ygw,f? ol±±_ u _d af ewke;f usaemfwdk@ rsupf ad &SŒrSmwif
&kww f &uf vJusomG ;ygw,f?
 r=umcif ta=umif;=um;vdu k v f dk@ owdvpfar@arsmaewJh udx k eG ;f xGe;f OD;udk axmifaq;&Hu k
aq;rSL;u aq;&Hu k dk csucf si;f ac:aqmifomG ;ygw,f? aq;&Hu k adk &mufawmh udx k eG ;f xGe;f OD;wpfa,muf
toufr&Sad wmhwm awG@&ygw,f? bde;f jzLorm;tcsi;f csi;f ajymqdck suaf wGt& ±_oiG ;f vdu k w f Jh tr_ef@awG[m
bde;f jzLtppf r[kwv f dk@ udx k eG ;f xGe;f OD; wpfa,muf touf±v _ rf;a=umif;ydw+f yD; aooGm;wmjzpfw,fvdk@
od&ygw,f? bde;f jzLtppfq&dk if ±_±u _d vf u dk &f eHk J@ aoG;a=umxJrmS csucf si;f t&nfaysmo f mG ;wwf+yD;
tppfr[kwyf gu av¹yGex f rJ mS tcJjzpfomG ;+yD; touf±v _ rf;a=umif; ydwq f dk@+yD; aoEdik af =umif;
odvu dk &f ygw,f?
udx
k eG ;f xGe;f OD; aoqH;k wJt h r_udk axmiftwGi;f &Sd axmifr;_ axmifyidk w f dk@u axmifq&m0efeJ@
wdik yf if+yD; aq;aomufrmS ;vdk@ aoqH;k wmjzpfa=umif; &Jvuftyf+yD; vdrv f nftr_ziG cfh yJh gw,f? wu,fvdk@
jzpf&yfreS t f wdik ;f &Jvuftyf+yD; tr_ziG cfh yJh gu ar;cGe;f awG tajrmuftrsm; xGuv f mrSmjzpfygw,f?
udxk eG ;f xGe;f OD;oH;k pGaJ om rl;,pfaq; b,fu&ovJ/ axmifwiG ;f udk rl;,pfaq; b,fo, l al qmifvmovJ?
axmifxrJ mS rl;,pfaq;oH;k zdk@ vH+k cHKaom ae&mawG&v Sd m;? axmifrLS ;awG bmvkyaf evJ? axmifyidk u f
ppfaq;r_awG jyKvkyw f t Jh cgrmS avsmeh nf;aevm;? 'Dar;cGe;f awG &ifqidk v f u dk yf gu axmifrmS &Sw d Jh tup
0efxrf;awGtm;vH;k tvkyjf yKwf/ jy\emaygi;f aomif;ajcmufaxmifawG ay:xGu/f 'Dt;D (DE)qdw k Jh
ppfaq;r_0if/ 'Dvu dk pd rP sKd ;awGudk &ifqidk zf dk@ axmif0efxrf;awGtm;vH;k wpfnw D pf!w $ w f nf; vufa&Smif
vduk =f uygw,f? axmiftwGi;f trSew f u,fjzpfysucf w Jh Jh jzpf&yfav;jzpfygw,f? bde;f r_/ rl;,pfaq;r_awGeJ@
axmifusvmwJo h al wGudk “ bp ”vdk@ ac:a0:=u+yD; axmifxaJ &mufvmwJh bpawGxrJ mS vnf; pDe, D m/
*sLeD,m qs+dk yD;cGjJ cm; owfrw S x f m;wmvnf; &Syd gw,f? 'gudk olwdk@ bp tcsi;f csi;f owfrw S cf suf jzpfygw,f?
olwdk@tcsi;f csi;f tqif o h wfrw S w f yJh pHk uH bde;f jzLudk b,fwek ;f u poH;k wmvnf; tay:rSm tajccHygw,f?
1988 ckEpS f a&SŒydik ;f rSm bde;f jzLpoH;k wJo h u l dk 1988 ckEpS af emufyidk ;f rS bde;f jzLpoH;k wJo h u l av;pm;or_
jyK&ygw,f? 1988 ckEpS f a&SŒydik ;f uwnf;u bde;f jzLpoH;k wJh bp awG[m tJ't D csed u f mvu
bde;f jzLoH;k pGwJ tJh cgrmS &SmazG&cufcjJ cif;/ aps;}uD;jcif;eJ@ bde;f wefz;dk jrifrh m;aejcif;jzpfaewJh tcsed t f cgrdk@
ydu
k q f aH iGa=u; wwfEidk w f t Jh jyif bde;f jzLudk trSew f u,f oH;k pGo J al wGjzpfwJh bde;f pm;rs;dk yg
1988 ckEpS f aemufyidk ;f rSm bde;f jzLpoH;k wJo h ul awmh bde;f jzLqdw k m ae&mwumrSm vG,v f ifw
h ul
ae&mwdik ;f &Edik jf cif;/ bde;f jzLaps; odwrf jrifrh m;jcif;/ bde;f jzLaygrsm;jcif;&Sw d u Jh mvrdk@ bde;f jzLaygrS pm;wJh
bde;f pm;rsKd ;qd+k yD; cGjJ cm;xm;wmjzpfygw,f? rl;,pfaq;0g;udk q&mtqift h xd oH;k pGw J yJh *k K~d vfawG txd
axmifxrJ mS &/Syd gw,f?

tcef;(9)
(u)
uGupf yd q f &m r[mbkwf
tif;pdeaf xmifqw dk m[m tkwef &H aH v;zufav;wef ydwu f mxm;wJh ae&ma'o}uD; wpfcjk zpfayr,fh
tJ'eD &H aH v;zuf=um;rSmyJ owif;awGrsKd ;pHk jyef@ESH@aewwfygw,f? axmifwiG ;f ysŒH ESH@aew,fwJh owif;awG[m
ud;k q,f&mcdik Ef e_ ;f avmuf rrSew f mrsm;ygw,f?
axmifuae vGww f o
Jh wif;/ Edik if aH &;owif;/ tjyifzufu owif;rsKd ;pHuk dk wpdwu f dk wpftwd v
f yk +f yD;
ajym=uygw,f? axmifxrJ mS tywfpOf axmifuae vGww f oJh wif;uawmh tusO;f om;awG=um;
a&yef;pm;wJh owif;tjzpf xdyw f ef;rSm t+rJae&m,lwwfygw,f? jynfaxmifpak e@/ vGwv f yfa&;ae@vdk
ae@rsKd ;awGrmS vGw+f idr;f cGiu
fh dk apmifph m;wwf=uygw,f? wpf}udrf bdu k av;+rdK@rmS wdu k yf jGJ zpfomG ;wJo
h wif;[m
em&Dyidk ;f twGi;f axmifxrJ mS ysŒH ESH@omG ;ygw,f? owif;[m wjznf;jznf;um;vm+yD; r=umcifrmS yJ &efuek u f dk
0iford ;f awmh rvdv k dk aumv[mvawG jzpfay:vmygao;w,f? axmifxrJ mS &wJo h wif;wpfy'k u
f dk tajccH+yD;
wpfa,mufeJ@wpfa,muf pdwaf jyvufaysmuf aemufwwf=uygw,f?
“a[h/ =um;+yD;+yD;vm;”
“bmvJu”G
“zsmyHuk dk odr;f vdu k +f yDw”Jh
“'Dae@vm;”
“at;/ ae@cif;uyJord ;f vdu k wf m”
“b,foal wGO;D aqmif+yD; odr;f vdu k wf mvJ”
“ (1) cef; tcef;oef@u OD;aZmwduwdk@av”
“0g; . . . [m; . . . [m; ”
“ [m . . . 'DaumifawGawmfawmf ±_ww f aJh umifawG ”
axmifxu J dk enf;vrf;aygi;f pHek J@ a&mufvmwJh owif;awG tay: trsKd ;rsKd ;aqG;aEG;=u/ jiif;cH=k ueJh
aysm&f i$ rf a_ wG zefw;D &ygw,f? pae/ we*FaEGvadk e@rsKd ;qd&k if tvkyaf wG tm;vH;k em;& ygw,f? tJ'v D dk
tvkyef m;+yD;qd&k if taqmifawGrmS vlawG jynfEh u S af ewwfygw,f? tJ'rD mS xl;jcm;wmu ydw&f ufrsKd ;awGrmS
taqmif(3)&Jh rdvm† uefzufrmS tusO;f om;awGp+k yHK+yD; xdik af ewwfwmudk awG@&ygw,f? eHapmfnpfywfvw S Jh
rdvm† uefem;rSm 'Davmufval wG trsm;}uD; bma=umif o h mG ;xdik af e&wmvJvdk@ ar;p&m&Syd gw,f?
tusO;f om;awG tajrmuftrsm; rdvm† uefudk vm+yD; vmxdik af tmif xde;f xm;wJh
yk*Kd~ vfausmu f awmh “r[mbkw”f vdk@ac:wJh &mZ0wftusO;f om;wpfO;D jzpfygw,f? r[mbkw[ f m
0wWKZmwfvrf;awGudk tusO;f om;awG tysi;f ajyatmif ajymwwf+yD; bmomjyefoidk ;f 0wWKawG tukev f ;Hk
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r[mbkwf wpfa,muf rdvm† uefabmifay:wuf+yD; yHak jym+yD;qd&k if tusO;f om;awGtm;vH;k
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(*)
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jyef[ed ;f a[mufygao;w,f? q&m0efu aq;pmeJ@ciG jfh yKxm;wJh aq;0g;awGudk awG@&ifvnf; rif;wdk@vufxrJ mS
'Davmuftrsm;}uD;rxm;&bl;k qdu k m odr;f ,lomG ;wwfygw,f? tJ'v D odk rd ;f qnf;wJyh pPn;f awGuvnf;
&SmazGa&;yHpk eH J@ odr;f qnf;wmr[kwyf J pm&if;azsmuf+yD; olwdk@trd af wGudk r ,lomG ;wmaocsmygw,f?
yHrk eS t f m;jzifh tusO;f om;awG[m (2)ywfwpfcg axmif0ifpmawG@ cGi&fh ygw,f? rdom;pkeJ@ wpfvudk
ESp}f udraf vmuf awG@ciG &fh Edik w f J@ umvav;jzpfwma=umifh axmifusvmol awmfawmfrsm;rsm; t&rf;
wefz;dk xm;=uygw,f? axmif0ifpmawG@&wJt h cg oHZum(4)xyfeJ@ um&Hxm;wJah xmif0ifpmtcef;rSm
tdru f rdb/ rdom;pkawGeJ@ (15)rdepfcef@ awG@}uHKpum;ajymvdk@&ygw,f? omreftusO;f om;awGtaeeJ@
vGwv f w G v f yfvyf pum;ajymqdv k dk@&ayr,fh usaemfwdk@vdk Edik if aH &;tusO;f orm;awG axmif0ifpm
awG@&ifawmh ud, k tfh rd af wGu tdro f m;awG&aJh emufrmS axmif0efxrf;awG&aSd e+yD; usaemfwdk@awG&Jh
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ESpS yf wfrmS wpfcgom/ wpfcgrmS (15)rdepfavmufom awG@ciG &fh wJt h csed af v;rSm ud, k t fh rd u
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tifrwefudk usO;f ajrmif;+yD; tusO;f om;awG jynfu h syaf ewufvdk@ pum;ajym&ifvn;f atmf[pf+yD;
ajym&ygw,f? axmif0ifpmtcef;rSm wm0efuswJh axmif0efxrf;t&m&Su d dk ESp}f udrq f v dk nf;[kw/f
oH;k }udrq f v dk nf;[kwf axmif0ifpm vdik ;f a=u;yduk q f aH y;vduk &f ifawmh b,fEpS =f urfrqdk awG@
cGi&fh wwfygw,f?
axmiftjyifzuf ppfaq;a&;*dwaf wGu txyfxyfppfaq;+yD; oGi;f cGijfh yKxm;wJh ypPn;f awGomygwJh
usaemf&h Jh axmif0ifpmypPn;f awGudk usaemft h rd of m;awGeJ@awG@+yD; vdk@ tdru f vlawGaxmif0ifpmcef;u
jyefxu G o f mG ;+yD;rS cGif@jyKcsu&f +yD;wJ@ ypPn;f awGudk ay;ygw,f? wpfcgwpfav cGijfh yKxm;wJyh pPn;f awGxu J
olwdk@vcdk siw f yJh pPn;f &S&d if . . .
“'gr&bl;k uG/ [d[ k moGi;f cGirfh ay;bl;” qd+k yD; ypPn;f tcsKd Œudk odr;f qnf;oGm;wufygw,f?
0efxrf;awGudk vdik ;f a=u;ydu k q f aH y;xm;wJh olawGuu dk sawmh rkef@[if;cg;wdk@/ 'efayguw f dk@awmif tjyifu
oGi;f cGijfh yKwmudk rsujf rifawG@&ygw,f? +yD;awmh oGi;f cGirfh jyKyJ odr;f qnf;xm;wJh ypPn;f awGudk
olwdk@0efxrf;awG tcsi;f csi;f pm;aomuf=uygawmhw,f?
wpfcgwek ;f u tusO;f om;wpfa,mufu tJ'v D dk axmif0ifpmcef;rSm 0efxrf;awG
rw&m;t}udraf ygi;f rsm;pGm jyKvkyw f mudk onf;rcHEidk af wmhvdk@ axmifxu J o dk iG ;f cGirfh ay;wJh vufzufudk
tdru f rSm,l+yD; vufzufxu J dk uecd(k jrefrmhwidk ;f &if;aq;wpfrsKd ;)udk axmif;+yD;wJh tr_ef@eJ@qu D adk &m+yD;
axmif0ifpmudk ,lvmzdk@ ol@trd u f rdom;pkurdk mS vdu k yf gw,f? axmif0ifpmawG@ csed af &mufawmh
xifxm;wJt h wdik ;f axmif0ifpm0efxrf;awGu vufzufxyk u f kd oGi;f cGirfh ay;bl;[kajymum vufzufxyk u f dk
odr;f um tr_u d yf ;Hk xJ ypfxnfv h ydk yf gw,f?
aemufwpfae@ usawmh axmif0ifpm0efxrf; wpfa,muf tusO;f om;qDu rw&m;odr;f ,lxm;wJh
uecdyk g0ifwJh vufzufupdk m;rdvdk@ 0rf;av#m+yD; aq;&Hak &mufomG ;ygw,f? tJ'0D efxrf;crsm ESp&f ufavmuf
cGi, fh vl u dk &f ygw,f? tup(tukepf m;)0efxrf;awG[m tusO;f om;awGqu D ypPn;f awGurdk w&m; odr;f ,l+yD;
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axmifuspm& uspm&if
us pm&if;awG cd;k xkwaf wmh
1991 ckEpS x f rJ mS tif;pdeaf xmifxu J dk ukvor*~u txl;pHpk rf;a&;ud, k pf m;vS,}f uD;
a&mufvmcJyh gw,f? e0w tm%mydik af wGu axmifaq;&H/k trsKd ;orD;aqmifeJ@ wdu k t f csKd @uydk J
=unfch iG afh y;ygw,f?
axmif0ifpmcef;udk ukvor*~u, dk pf m;vS,}f uD; oGm;a&muf=unfah wmh Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;
&Sad yr,fh pD;yGm;a&;yk'rf (5)eJ@ axmifusvmwJo h al wGudk axmif0ifpmcef;rSm vltenf;i,feJ@ ususee
awG@ciG afh y;wmudk [efaqmifjyygw,f? trSew f u,frmS awmh axmif0ifpmawG@&wJh tcef;usO;f av;xJrmS
rD;a&mifrjynfrh pHek J@ vlawGjynfEh u S af eatmif xnf+h yD;awG@&wm jzpfygw,f? Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awGeJ@
&mZ0wftusO;f om;awG axmif0ifpmawG@ yHjk cif; rwlygb;l ? usaemfwdk@ Edik if aH &; tusO;f orm;awGusawmh
axmif0ifpmrSm bmajymvJ qd+k yD; rsuv f ;Hk a'guaf xmuf =unfah ewufygw,f? axmif0ifpmcef;rSm
vlawGrsm;vGe;f vdk@ wpfa,mufeJ@wpfa,muf pum;ajym&if; atmf+yD; ajym&ygw,f? ukvor*~
ud, k pf m;vS,}f uD; vmwJah e@u axmifuaus;G wJx h rif;u cgwidk ;f eJ@rwl xl;xl;jcm;jcm; aysmah ysmah jymif;ajymif;
pm;&ygw,f? yJ[if;qdv k nf; t&if&ufawGu yJ[if;eJ@ rwlyJ yJ[if;qdw k Jh trnfemreJ@jynfph v Hk w S Jh yJ[if;udk
pm;&w,f?
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yJ[if;qdv k nf; yJta&mifyJ ygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@ tif;pdeaf xmifxrJ mS Edik if aH &; tr_awG trsm;}uD;
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a&maESmxm;ygw,f? taqmifudk vnf;vma&muf=unfh cGirfh ay;ygb;l ?
e0wu urBmudak wmif ajAmifvrd af jAmifpm; vkyaf ewmudk urBmu xifxif&mS ;&Sm; odvmapzdk@
aemifw}udrrf mS urBm=h uufajceDtzGJ@ yJjzpfjzpf/ ukvor*~yjJ zpfjzpf vma&muf ppfaq;wJt h cg Edik if aH &;
tusO;f om;awG axmifeyH wf/ emrnfeJ@ b,ftaqmifrmS &Sw d ,fqw dk m wdwu d sus od&atmifvyk zf dk@
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aemufwpfa,mufjzpfwJh &Jausmpf mG udk csn;f uyfygw,f? vkyif ef;vkyzf dk@ olwdk@ oabmwl=uw,f? 'Dvedk J@
usaemfwdk@trSw(f 3)aqmifrmS &Sw d Jh Edik if aH &;orm;tusO;f om;pm&if;udk aumuf,zl dk@ usaemfwdk@(3)OD;
wm0efc=GJ uygw,f? &Jausmpf mG u pm&Guef J@ abmfvyf if&mS zdk@ wm0ef,&l +yD; taqmifrmS &Sw d Jh
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owfrw S yf gw,f? 'gt h jyif tjcm;olbmrS rodap&yg? om;!Gef@O;D u &Jausmpf mG vdu k vf pH ak qmif;xm;wJh
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a&;&ygw,f?
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t+yD;owf axmifpm&if;udk tjyifux dk w k zf dk@ wm0ef,&l ygw,f? usaemfwdk@(3)aqmifrmS &Jausmpf mG eJ@
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pm&Guaf xmiftjyifudk a&mufzdk@ qdw k m axmif0efxrf;(odk@r[kw)f tusO;f om;t&m&Sw d pfO;D OD;&Jh tultnD
vdw k ,fqw dk m usaemf aumif;aumif; oabmayguyf gw,f? 'ga=umifh axmif0ifpmcef;rSm wm0efusaewJ@
ukvm;rwfo;D udk pnf;&H;k a&;qif;&ygawmhw,f?
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ausm0f Àwdk@u tajctaeaumif;w,fvdk@ rD;pdr;f jyawmhrS &mZ0wftusO;f om; rwfo;D udk aiGx;dk
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aqmiftwGuf ausm0f ÀeJ@ trSw(f 5)tdyaf qmiftwGuf nDaxG;cdik (f &uD;Q )wdk@udk pm&if;aumuf,zl dk@ rD;pdr;f jy
vdu k yf gw,f?
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qufo, G af &; vrf;a=umif;wqifh &efuek +f rdK@&Sd Edik if jH cm;oH&;Hk wpfcu k dk acsmarmpGm a&muf&o Sd mG ;ygw,f?
'kw, d taeeJ@(4)aqmifeJ@(5)aqmifpm&if;udk aumuf,w l t Jh cgrmS wduswpJh m&if;udk r&ao;wm&,f/
vH+k cHKa&;awG usyw f nf;aewm&,fa=umifh tcsed t f enf;i,f apmifah e&ygw,f? tJ't D csed rf mS
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(n)pm&if;aumufcrH e_ J@ olwdk@udk rde;f a*s;vfrmS ppfaq;ygw,f?
pd;k vGiw f dk@qu D pm&Gupf mwrf; wpfcrk rS &wJt h jyif / pGcJ surf cdik v f w Hk =Jh um;u olwdk@udk oD;oef@
tusO;f axmifudk ydk@vudk yf gw,f? usaemfwdk@wawGvnf; bk&m;w+yD; qkawmif;ae&ayr,fh
axmiftm%mydik af wGu r&dyrf w d m&,f/ pd;k vGif wm0efausyeG w f m&,fa=umfifh 'Dupd u P +yD;oGm;cJyh gw,f?
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(4)aqmifu tajccHausmif;om;wpf,muf jzpfwrJh ESaJ v;u axmifajryHu k dk aoaocsmcsma&;qG+J yD;
tjyifux dk w k zf dk@ }udK;pm;aewJh tcsed rf mS yJ axmifwiG ;f wvmpDwt Jh cgrmS rdomG ;ygawmhw,f?
axmifajryHu k jdk rifawmh axmiftm%mydik af wG rsuv f ;Hk jyL;oGm;ygw,f? axmifajryH[ k m
pau;udu k +f yD; aoaooyfoyf a&;qGx J m;um tao;pdwf azmfjyxm;wma=umifh a=umufvef@omG ;ygw,f?
csucf si;f axmifwiG ;f &SmazGa&;awG qufwu dk 0f ifygawmhw,f? axmifajryHck ;dk xkww f Jh rESaJ v;udak wmh
a'guef J@jypf'%fwyf+yD; oD;oef@wu dk uf ydk dk@vudk +f yD; 5(n)awG&Jh v_y&f mS ;r_reS o f r#udk rsuv f ;Hk a'guaf xmuf
=unfah eygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@vnf; axmifwiG ;f tajctae at;csr;f atmif apmif=h unfah e&if;
&moDaumif;vm+yD; tenf;i,f om,mvmcsed rf mS awmh (4)aqmifu ausm0f ÀxHudk pm&if;oGi;f ,lzdk@
rwfo;D udk v$wv f u dk yf gw,f? ausm0f Àuvnf; axmifajryHu k pd aP =umifh taqmifwiG ;f pm&Gu/f
abmvfyif=uyfwnf; aevdk@ pm&if;jyKpkvdk@r+yD;ao;wma=umifh c%aezdk@ ajymygw,f? 'ga=umifh (5)aqmifu
nDaxG;cdik x f H ta=umif;=um;awmh tacsmowfaevdk@ (1)&ufapmifyh gvdk@ apmifah epOf rwfo;D u azmufjyef
vmygawmhw,f?
jzpfyu Hk rwfo;D [m axmif0ifpmtcef;rSm q&morm;wpfqv l dk pm;csiw f idk ;f pm;/ aomufcsiw f idk ;f
aomuf+yD; atmufajcvGwv f mygw,f? aemuf rl;,pfaq;oH;k ygao;w,f? axmif0ifpmrSm wm0efuspOf
rwfo;D aq;oH;k wmudk axmifr;_ }uD;vSjrifah wG@omG ;+yD; taqmifjyify rxGu&f qd+k yD; a'gucf wfjypf'%f
ay;vdu k yf gw,f?
tJ'rD mS rwfo;D u Zmwd&yk jf yvmygw,f?
ol@&aJh jcaxmufu a'guef J@jypf'%fvw G zf dk@ vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;twGuf usaemfwdk@zufudk jrm;OD;
csed v f mygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@uvnf; rwfo;D tajctae rlrrSew f ma=umifh udp/P 0dpaP wGtm;vH;k
azsmufzsuzf dk@ owday;vdu k cf sed rf mS awmh (5)aqmifyJ tcsed rf v SD u dk +f yD;(4)aqmifu ausm0f À&Jh Edik if aH &;orm;
pm&Gupf mwrf;[m rwfo;D &Jv h ufxJ a&muf&aSd eESi+fh yD; jzpfygawmhw,f?
 1991 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv 'kw, d tywfxrJ mS jy\emu pwifygawmhw,f?
rwfo;D u ol@&aJh 'gucf wfjypf'%f vGwv f v dk wG jf im; rde;f a*s;&H;k rSm usaemfwdk@upd w P idk w f ef;+yD;
ausm0f Àu usaemfu h adk y;vdu k w f Jh pm&if;pm&Guu f dk oufaotjzpfeJ@ &H;k wifvu dk yf gw,f? xifxm;wJt h wdik ;f
usaemfeh mrnfeJ@ axmifusy'k rf udk &Gw+f yD; rde;f a*s;vfwm0efus wyfom; 0if;jrifu h vmac:ygw,f?
rde;f a*s;vfa&mufawmh &H;k cef;xJrmS xdik cf idk ;f +yD; axmifr;_ }uD;vSjrifu h par;ygw,f?
“rif;wdk@ axmifxrJ mS aumif;aumif;rGerf eG f raebl;? [dw k idk /f 'Dwidk ef J@ Z,m;vm¶_yaf ew,f?
rif;bmawGvyk af evJ igu h adk jymprf;”
usaemfu bmrSrvkyyf gb;l ? axmifucdik ;f wJh awmif,mudk vkyaf eygw,f? usaemfaxmifxrJ mS
aumif;aumif;rGerf eG af ewm tusO;f om;wdik ;f odygw,f vdk@jyefajymvdu k yf gw,f?
“rif;uom axmifxrJ mS aumif;aumif;rGerf eG f aexdik af ew,fav;/ bmav;eJ@? axmifxrJ mS
rif;bmawGvyk af ew,fqw dk m 'dk@ov d dk@ rif;udk apmif=h unfah ewm =um+yD? 'grif;odvm;”
“rodygb;l ”
“rif;pm&Gupf mwrf;awGp/k [dt k aqmif 'Dtaqmifu 5(n)pm&if;awGawmif;/ axmiftjyifxw k +f yD;
ra&mufoif/h ra&mufxu dk w f aJh e&mawGuydk dk@zdk@ }udK;pm;aew,fq&dk if rif;bmjiif;rvJ”
“usaemfaxmifr;_ }uD; ajymwmawG bmrSem;rvnfb;l ”
“rif;udk &Si;f &Si;f yJajymr,f? rif;rwfo;D udk tultnDawmif;+yD; 5(n)taqmifu pm&if;awGjyKpk+yD;
axmiftjyifxw k zf dk@eJ@ owif;pm zwf¶Œ_ cGi&fh atmif pnf;&H;k cJw h ,fq”dk
“'gv;Hk 0r[kwyf gb;l ? wrifvyk }f uH+yD; usaemfu h dk remvdw k Jh acsmufweG ;f csiw f o Jh al wGu jyKvkyw f myg”
“bmwrifvyk }f uHrmS vJ? rif;ud, k w
f idk f rwfo;D udk tJ't D ultnDawG rawmif;cJb h ;l vm;”
“rawmif;cJzh ;l ygb;l ”
“'gqdk ausm0f Àu rif;qDuydk dk@vu dk w f Jh 5(n)pm&if;pm&Gu/f a[m'DrmS (pm&Guw f pfcuk dk usaemfu h dk
jyygw,f? tJ'pD m&Guu f ausm0f ÀusaemhqD rwfo;D uwqifyh dk@vu dk wf pJh m&Guyf g) rif;u axmiftjyif
xkwzf @dk awmif;vdk@ ausm0f Àua&;+yD; rwfo;D uaewqifh ydk@cidk ;f wmqd&k ifaum rif;bm jiif;OD;rvJ”
“usaemf 'Dupd aP wG vH;k 0rodb;l ? tckaxmifr;_ }uD; ajymrS tH=h ordygw,f? ausm0f ÀeJ@ usaemf
tquftoG,rf &Syd gb;l ”
“ausm0f ÀeJ@ rif;eJ@tr_wv GJ m;”
“r[kwyf gb;l ”
“rif;a&SŒrSm oufaocHypPn;f awGeJ@ wuG rdaewm rif;bmjiif;rSmvJ”
“usaemfv h ufxrJ mS rdwmr[kwyf gb;l ? 'Dupd u P dk usaemfv;Hk 0rodygb;l ? usaemfu h dk remvdw k oJh l
wpfO;D OD;u vky}f uHZmwfcif;+yD; ajymwmjzpfygw,f”
“aumif;+yD? rwfo;D udo k mG ;ac:prf;? (rde;f a*s;vf0efxrf; wpfO;D udk (3)aqmifrmS a'gucf wfjypf'%feJ@
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qd+k yD;rwfo;D udk “taqmifjyefydk@vu dk ”f vdk@ cdik ;f vdu
k yf gw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfzh ufvn S +fh yD;
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tusO;f om;wpfa,muf&Jh xGuq f cdk suuf &mcdik Ef e_ ;f jynfrh eS u
f ef Edik yf grh vm;qdw k m axmifr;_ }uD;
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=unfyh g”
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“at;/ aumif;+yD? vdt k yfvdk@ xyfppfaq;p&m&S&d if ac:vdu k rf ,f”
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aemufawmh(4)aqmifu ausm0f Àudak c:ppfygw,f? ausm0f ÀuvJ axmifr;_ }uD;vufxu J
pm&Gu[ f m olrwfo;D udak y;wJh pm&Gurf [kwaf =umif;/ pm&Guaf y:u vufa&;[mvnf;
ol@vufa&;r[kwaf =umif;/ rwfo;D acsmufcswmjzpfa=umif;/ usaemfeJ@vnf; tquftoG,rf &Sad =umif;
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f uJh pd P owif;jyef@aeygw,f?
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k /f ouFe;f useG ;f +rdK@e,f

(2)OD;yÀ0Ho (OD;jynfausm)f ( & )ESpf owdyXmefausmif;wdu

k /f wmarG+rdK@e,f

(3)OD;tmpm& (axmifwiG ;f Yysv

H eG af wmfr)l ( & )ESpf o&ufawmem&Dpifausmif;wdu
k /f vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,f

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k /f ykZeG af wmif+rdK@e,f

(5)OD;ynm'Dy ( 5 )ESpf odraf wmf}uD;ausmif;wdu

k /f yef;yJwef;+rdK@e,f

(6)OD;eaENmbmo (OD;Edik x
f eG ;f a&$) ( 5 )ESpf rGeaf usmif;wdu
k /f A[ef;+rdK@e,f

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k /f prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,f

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k u
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f if;rmaw;oHoiG ;f / ausmufww
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(46)udak usmaf usmo

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(48) udo
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vl@abmifopf 'Dru dk &ufwpfygw/D anmifav;yif+rdK@e,f/ yJc;l wdik ;f
(63) udpk ;dk Edik f ( 3 )ESpf
wwd,ESpf (ordik ;f )/ ykord 'f *D &Daumvdyf
(64)udpk ;dk Edik f ( 5 )ESpf
yef;yJwef;+rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
(65)udEk idk 0f if; ( 3 )ESpf
tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm;or*~/ awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f
(66) udak ZmfaZmfvi_d f ( 3 )ESpf
vl@abmifopf 'Dru dk &ufwpfygw/D omauw+rdK@e,f
(67) udrk sKd ;wifah tmif ( 3 )ESpf
aemufq;Hk ESp/f pD;yGm;a&;wuUov dk f
(68) udak usmaf xG; ( 3 )ESpf
ta0;ajy;Xme/ qufo, G af &;/ pmwdu k Ef iS afh =u;eef;0ef}uD;Xme/ r*Fvmawmif!eG f@+rdK@e,f
(69) udpk nfo0l if; ( 5 )ESpf
omauw+rdK@e,f
(70) udpk ;dk jrif(h c) aygirf ek f@ ( 11 )ESpf
'v+rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
(71) udv k iG Of ;D ( 7 )ESpf
c&rf;+rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
(72) ud=k unf0if; ( 7 )ESpf
c&rf;+rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
( 73 ) udck ifaZmf ( 6 )ESpf
a0bm*D/ ajrmufOuUvmy +rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
( 74 ) udek w D w G af usmf ( 9 )ESpf
txufwef;ausmif;om;/ awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f
( 75 ) udo k *d aô tmif ( 11 )ESpf
txufwef;ausmif;om;
( 76 ) udu k jH rifh ( 6 )ESpf
tvH+k rdK@e,f/
( 77 ) udrk sKd ;atmif=unf ( c ) rsKd ;rsKd ; ( 7 )ESpf
( 78 ) udx k eG ;f jrifah tmif ( 4 )ESpf
'kw,d ESp/f *k%x f ;l wef; ( yx0D )/ &efuek w f uUov dk /f ewfpifvrf;/ =unfjh rifwidk +f rdK@e,f
( 79 ) udek u D Odk ;D ( 4 )ESpf
txufwef;ausmif;om;/ wmarG+rdK@e,f
( 80 ) udck ifarmifxeG ;f ( c ) udu k |/d 5 ( C ) ( 5 )ESpf
'kw,d ESp/f &efuek w f uUov dk /f }udK@uek ;f / tif;pde+f rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@e,f/
( 81) udrk sKd ;atmif ( 3 )ESpf
'kw,d ESp/f ta0;oifwuUov dk f
( 82 ) udak rmifarmifat; ( 6 )ESpf
tvkyo f rm;or*~
( 83 ) udrk ;dk atmif ( 6 )ESpf
usL&Siqf &m/ prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
( 84 ) udak pmausm+f idr;f ( 5 )ESpf
tvH+k rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
( 85 ) udak omif;aiG ( 3 )ESpf
txufwef;ausmif;om;/ r*Fvm'H+k rdK@e,f
( 86 ) udEk idk rf eG f ( 5 )ESpf
enf;jy/ '\eduaA'/ &efuek w f uUov dk /f rGejf ynfe,f
( 87 ) udb k b dk xdk eG ;f ( bdb k xdk eG ;f - &kyjf y ) ( 4 )ESpf
awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f
( 88 ) ud&k rJ eG f ( 3 )ESpf
txufwef;ausmif;om;/ urm&Gw+f rdK@e,f
( 89 ) udx k ed 0f if;atmif ( 4 )ESpf
ae0if;ESi;f qD pmtkyq f idk /f tif;pde+f rdK@e,f
( 90 ) udpk ;dk jrwf ( 13 )ESpf
tvH+k rdK@e,f/ &efuek w f idk ;f
( 91 ) OD;avmt,f ( Edik if aH wmfyek u f efr_ ) woufwu|e;f
u&iftrsKd ;om; tpnf;t&H;k ( autef,l )
( 92 ) OD;bifqif ( Edik if aH wmfyek u f efr_ ) woufwu|e;f
u&iftrsKd ;om;tpnf;t&H;k ( autef,l )
( 93) udx k ;l *G,f ( Edik if aH wmfyek u f efr_ ) woufwu|e;f
u&iftrsKd ;om;tpnf;t&H;k / (autef,l )
( 94 ) udak us;awm ( Edik if aH wmfyek u f efr_ ) woufwu|e;f
u&iftrsKd ;om;tpnf;t&H;k ( autef,l )
( 95 ) udck sKd av; ( Edik if aH wmfyek u f efr)_ woufwu|e;f
u&iftrsKd ;om;tpnf;t&H;k ( autef,l )
( 96 ) OD;z'dk oef;vS ( Adv k }f uD; ) ( Edik if aH wmfyek u f efr_ ) woufwu|e;f
u&iftrsKd ;om;tpnf;t&H;k ( autef,l )
( 97 ) OD;aomrwfpf ( Edik if aH wmfyek u f efr_ ) woufwu|e;f
u&iftrsKd ;om;tpnf;t&H;k ( autef,l )
( 98 ) OD;ref;!Gef@ ( Edik if aH wmf ykeu f efr_ ) woufwu|e;f
u&iftrsKd ;om;tpnf;t&H;k ( autef,l )
( 99 ) qmxl;apm ( Edik if aH wmfyek u f efr_ ) woufwu|e;f
u&iftrsKd ;om;tpnf;t&H;k ( autef,l )
( 100 ) udw k ifjrifh ( Edik if aH wmfyek u f efr_ ) woufwu|e;f
u&iftrsKd ;om;tpnf;t&H;k ( autef,l )

usaemftck azmfjycJwh Jh axmifajymif;Edik if aH &; tusO;f om;awGxrJ mS usaemftygt0if pkpak ygi;f (

100 )[m jy\emaygi;f ajrmufjrm;pGmeJ@ &ifqidk &f r,fh aemufxyftEW&m,f }uD;rm;vSwJh i&Jcef;wpfcq k u D dk
OD;wnfomG ;ae&rSe;f axmiftm%mydik af wGuvGv J dk@ b,forl S rodEidk af wmhyg?
( c ) o&ufaxmif toGm; vrf;c&D;rSm
usaemfwdk@ Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awG[m &JuwifaqmifvmwJh um;ESppf ;D eJ@ tif;pdeb f w
l mudk
a&mufwt Jh cgrmS jynfzufuo dk mG ;rJh &xm;udk apmif&h ygw,f?
axmiftm%mydik af wGu usaemfwdk@Eidk if aH &; tusO;f om;awGudk axmifajymif;wm
b,forl rS odatmif wd;k wd;k wdww f wd f jyKvkyw f ma=umifh 'Dvadk xmifajymif;wJh udpu P dk jyifyu jynfoal wG
wenf;enf;eJ@ od&atmif vrf;ay:rSm oGm;vmae=uwJh aps;oGm;aps;vm/ &k;H oGm;&H;k vmawGudk “
usaemfwdk@awG Edik if aH &;tusO;f orm;awGyg ” vdk@ ajymygw,f?
“ usaemfwdk@udk 'Dtif;pdeaf xmifuae e,faxmifwpfcu k kd ajymif;xm;zdk@ a&GŒae=uygw,f ”
vdk@ajymjy=uayrJv h nf; u|eaf wmfwdk@ toHawGudk =um;vdk@vn S =fh unfo h mG ;wJh olawG&o Sd vd/k
r,Ho k uFm rsuv f ;Hk awGe=Jh unf=h uwJh olawGvnf;&Syd gw,f? usaemfwdk@awGudk &mZ0wfom;awGvdk
qHyifawGudk &kyyf suq f if;ysuf !Syx f m;wm/ pkwjf ywfaewJh usaemfwdk@u=dk unf+h yD; 'gawG[m
Edik if aH &;tusO;f orm;awGyg qdw k m ,H=k unfomG ;Edik zf dk@ cufcrJ ,fqw dk m odvu dk yf gw,f?
“ oem;=uygw,f? bmawGvt dk yfvJ ” vdk@ar;+yD;vma&muf vmay; ESpo f rd w fh Jh olawG&o Sd vd/k
“ [m/ 'D&yk af wGvm; Edik if aH &;orm;/ b,fuolc;dk / vlq;dk awGvrJ odygb;l ”
qdw k pJh um;vH;k awGudk cyf=urf;=urf;av; &ifqidk &f ygw,f? bmyJajymajym usaemfwdk@&Jh tay:,Hudk
=unf+h yD; tajctaeudk rodEidk w f o Jh al wGudk em;vnfygw,f? olwdk@ajymor# cGiv fh w $ &f rSmygy?J jynfzufuo dk mG ;
usaemfwdk@p;D &r,fh &xm;a&mufvmawmh usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k &xm;ay:udw k uf&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@p;D &r,fh
twGu J dk oD;oef@tjzpf ( 2 ) wGcJ x GJ m;+yD; &xm;&J@=urf;jyifay:rSmyJ 'Dtwdik ;f xdik &f ygw,f? &xm;&Jh
jywif;ayguef J@ usaemfwdk@ tcsKyfcef; oHZumawG=um;rSm vlomG ;vrf;av;wpfc&k +Sd yD; tJ'aD e&mrSm
tapmif&h u J apmifyh gw,f?
“ rif;wdk@tcef;xJrmS bmvkyv f yk &f w,f/ xGurf ajy;&if+yD;a&m xGuaf jy;zdk@awmh r}udK;pm;eJ@
'D&xm;vrf; wpfav#muf =unf;/ a&/ av yl;aygi;f ppfqifa&;awG&w Sd ,f ”
vdk@ tapmifu h ajymygw,f? 'Dawmhvnf; usaemfwdk@u vGwv f w G v f yfvyfeJh Edik if aH &;oDcsi;f awG/
ausmif;om;or*~ oDcsi;f awGudk atmfq=dk uygw,f? reuf ( 7 )em&DrmS tif;pdeb f w
l muae &xm;bD;
pvdryfh gawmhw,f?
&xm;[m jynfpmydk@&xm; jzpfwma=umifh blwmpOfwidk ;f rSm &yfygw,f? 'Dawmh usaemfwdk@awG
uvnf; blwmawGrmS &yfwidk ;f usaemfwdk@eJ@ odu|r;f olawG &Srd vm;vdk@ awG@E;dk / awG@E;dk eJ@ &Sm=uygw,f?
usaemfwdk@awGu ta,muf ( 100 ) awmif&w Sd mrdk@ todtu|r;f uawmh wpfO;D wpfav awG@Eidk rf ,fqw dk Jh
ar#mv f ifch su}f uD;}uD; xm;rdygw,f?
uHaumif;csiaf wmh wdu k }f uD;blwm ta&mufrmS o&ufaxmifuae Edik if aH &;tr_eJh axmifu
vGwv f m+yD; aps;vdu k af &mif;aewJh olawGeJ@ awG@ygw,f? olwdk@awG[m tif;pdeaf xmifrmS aecJ+h yD;
o&ufaxmifudk ajymif;a&$ŒcH&olawGjzpf+yD; tckaxmifuvGwu f m blwmrSm aps;vdu k af &mif; aewm
jzpfygw,f? olwdk@eJ@awG@awmh tultnD tenf;i,f&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@awG axmifjymif;a&$ŒcH&wJu h pd P
oufqidk &f mrdbawGudk owif;ydk@ay;zdk@ udv k nf; tultnDay;cJyh gw,f?
usaemfwdk@awGpm;zdk@ uGr;f ,mawGeJ@/ aq;aygv h yd af wGudk wGt J wGi;f vufvrS ;f rS&D m oGi;f ay;ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@&xm; wdu k }f uD;blwmuxGuaf wmh 0r;fenf;a=uuGaJ ewJh rsuEf mS eJh vufjyE_wq f uf&if; blwmrSm
usecf yJh gw,f? ( usaemfwdk@udk ulncD o Jh w
l pfa,mufu wdu k }f uD;u udo k ufO;D vdk@ xifygw,f? usaemfeh mrnf
odyrf rSwrf ad wmhyg? ) wdu k }f uD;upxGuv f muwnf;u blwmwdik ;f rSm &xm;u&yfayr,fh aemufxyf
todtu|r;f wpfa,mufrS xyfrawG@awmhyg? naeapmif;a&mufawmh &xm;[m aygi;f wnfem;
eD;vmygw,f? aygi;f wnfbw l mem; eD;vmavav/ &JabmfawGxu J vlawGcyfvy_ v f y_ f jzpfvmwma=umifh
pHpk rf;=unfah wmh usaemfwdk@ axmifajymif;tkypf x k rJ mS ewWvif;+rDK@u ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifwpfO;D jzpfwJh
+zdK;a00if; ( &lyaA'/ wwd,ESpf ) ygvmvdk@jzpfygw,f? ol@udk udo k ufcidk f ( BCP )twGu J a'guw f m
armfZifwdk@eJ@ tr_w+GJ yD; axmifusvmwm jzpfygw,f?
tck &xm;u aygi;f wnf +yD;&if ewWvif;jzpfwJh ol@Zmwduadk &mufrmS rdk@ ewWvif;a&muf&if
ol@&J@todrw d af qG wpfO;D wpfav awG@vakd wG@jim;&SmazG=uzdk@ tm;vH;k u pdwt f m;xufoefae=uwm
jzpfygw,f?
ewWvif;blwmudk a&mufawmh uHtm;av#mpf mG bJ blwm&Hek m;rSm jcif;cwfaewJh +zdK;a00if;&JŒ
oli,fcsi;f awGudk awG@vdk@ atmf[pf tultnD awmif;vdu k yf gw,f? ta=umif;pHu k dk aoaocsmcsm
&Si;f jyvdu k wf ma=umifh ol@&ŒJ oli,fcsi;f u +zdK;a00if;tdru f dk rSv D rdk jSD im; ajy;+yD; ta=umif;=um; vdu k yf gw,f?
tm;vH;k u olwdk@trd u f tdro f m;awG blwmudk a&mufvmr,fh tcsed u f dk apmihaf r#maf ewJh tcsed rf mS yJ &xm;u
bD;pvdrafh e+yD; jzpfygw,f? tJ't D csed rf mS +zdK;a00if;&Jh tdru f vlawG tm;vJ;Hk eD;yg; blwm&Hu k dk ajy;v$m; a&muf&Sd
vmygw,f?
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tvHcsKd ;xm;vdk@ usaemfwdk@&xm;[m ewWvif;blwmudk jyefqw k vf u
dk yf gw,f? jynf&xm;udk
vrf;ay;zdk@twGuf blwmrSm apmifzh dk@tcsed &f wma=umifh +zdK;a00if;wpfa,muf ol@tareJ@ ol@trd u f vlawG
tm;vH;k eDyg;eJ@ pum;ajymvdu k &f ygw,f? c%t=umrSm &xm;[m blwmu xGuzf dk@jyifqifaeygw,f?
&xm;bD;tvdrf@rmS ol@tar/ ol@ta':eJ@ oli,fcsi;f awGu id+k yD; E_wq f uf=uygw,f? +zdK;a00if;&Jh
tar[m &xm;bD;eJ@t+ydKik f p}uFew f pfav#muf ajy;vdu k +f yD; ol@om;udk E_wq f ufygw,f? &xm;wG&J Jh
wHcg;abmifudk qkwu f idk +f yD; om;udw k zGzG rSm=um;aeygw,f? ol@tar[m pdwrf xde;f Edik yf J &xm;wGu J rdk +SD yD;
ol@om;ku=dk unfu hk m idak ºuG;ygawmhw,f? &xm;[m t&Sed t f enf;i,f &vmae+yD; jzpfvdk@ +zdK;a00if;u
“tar. . . om;udpk w d cf syg/ tar'kuaQ &mufr,f/ aecJyh g/ rvdu k ef J@awmh tar&,f/ om;udpk w d cf syg”
vdk@ajymawmhrS ol@tar[m &xm;abmifudk vufuv$w+f yD; useaf ecJyh gw,f? usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k [m
usecf w Jh Jh ol@tarudpk u dk =f unf&h if; ud, k t
fh arawGudk toD;oD; jyef+yD; owd&rd oGm;=uvdk@ &xm;wG}J uD;
wpfcv k ;Hk wdwq f w d +f idro f uf oGm;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k &Jh rdbawGvnf; 'Dvcdk pH m;=urSmudk awG;+yD;
acgi;f awG rodrom iH@k xm;=uygw,f?
tif;pdeb f wl mu pxGuv f muwnf;u wpfvrf;vH;k qlnv H mcJw h hJ usaemfwdk@ &xm;wG}J uD;[m
ewWvif;blwmtausmrf mS awmh pum;oHawG wdwq f w d o f mG ;=uwm jynfbw l ma&mufwJh txdygy?J
jynfbw l m a&mufawmh tawmfudk arSmifae+yD; jzpfygw,f? rD;vH;k rygwJh &xm;rdk@ tjyifu=dk unf&h wm
awmfawmfu'dk u k aQ &mufygw,f? jynfbw l mudk a&mufwt Jh cgrmS blwmxJrmS vlawGtrsm;}uD;
pnfum;aewmudk awG@vu dk &f ygw,f?
vlawGbmha=umifh 'Davmuf pnfum;ae&vJvdk@ pOf;pm;aewke;f rSm blwm&Jh tjyifzufuadk &mufawmh
bk&m;yGaJ ps;wef;eJ@ wd;k awmhrS (3)ESpw f pfcgusi;f ywJh jynfqaH wmf&iS b f &k m; vSnv fh nf ylaZmfcaH ewmudk
awG@&ygw,f? bk&m;yGaJ ps;a=umifh jynfbw l mrSm vlawGjynfu h syaf ewm jzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@awGudk
jynfbw l m&Hu k ae jynfaxmifudk ac:oGm;wJt h cg tcsKyfum; tvHt k avmuf r&Sw d ma=umifh tcsKyfum;(2)
um;xJudk vl(100) ¹yGwo f yd =f uyf!yS af eatmif xnfw h ifygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@awGu 'Davmufval wG
trsm;}uD;eJ@ tcsKyfum;rqef@wma=umifh tukev f ;Hk romay:oGm;Edik w f ma=umifh aemufxyf um;wpfp;D
ac:ay; / rac:ay;ygu rvdu k Ef idk b
f ;l vdk@ awmif;qdyk gw,f?
'geJ@ow l dk@u usaemfwdk@udk awmif;yef+yD; blwmeJ@axmif[m ra0;vSa=umif;/ tjrefq;Hk a&mufatmif
armif;ay;ygrh ,fvdk@ ajymjyygw,f? usaemfwdk@vnf; nzuf}uD; jzpfaewma=umifh taxGtxl;
odyrf ajymawmhyJ wpfa,muftay: wpfa,mufxyf+yD; jynfaxmifudk vdu k yf gvmcJ&h ygw,f?
ta&;tcif;wke;f u 'Dvydk u J m;xJrmS vlawG tpkvu dk t f +yHKvdu k f ydww f ifo,faqmifwma=umifh
“odrjf zLuke;f ” jzpfwu Jh pd vP dk touf&r_ 0vdk@ vlawG aoukew f mawGudk =um;zl;wma=umifh usaemfwdk@
tm;vH;k vnf; vef@jzef@aeygw,f? wpfcgrS rcHpm;zl;awmh 'Dtcgigwdk@ tvSnrfh sm;vm;qd+k yD;
pd;k &draf =umif=h updwaf wGeJ@ vdu k yf gvmcJ=h uygw,f? tcsKyfum;xJrmS c%av; ae&H&k ySd gao;w,f? touf&a_ wG
=uyf+yD; ac|;ap;awG xGuv f mygawmhw,f? touf&r_ &wma=umifh um;ay:rSm rl;wJo h /l tefwo Jh al wG
uvnf; tef=u/ rl;armf=u jzpfuek yf gawmhw,f?
um;armif;orm;uvnf; ajymwJt h wdik ;f t&Sed u f ek f jynfaxmifudk armif;ESiaf y;ygw,f?
wpfvrf;vH;k tcsKyfum;xJrmS iydoyd /f ig;csOo f yd ef J@ jynfaxmifuadk &mufonftxd vdu k yf gc&Jh ygawmhw,f?
jynfaxmifudk a&mufonft h cgrmS awmh axmiftwGi;f u taqmifwpfcw k nf;rSm usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k udk
tay:xyf/ atmufxyfae&m csay;ygw,f?
jynfaxmifxu J dk 0if&wJt h cgrmS tjyifzufrmS &moDOwku awmfawmfav;udk at;aeyg+yD? tJ'D
wpfnudk jynfaxmifrmS yJ ukeq f ;Hk vdu
k +f yD; aemufwpfae@ reuftapm}uD; o&uf+rdK@udk c&D;qufzdk@twGuf
oabFmqdyu f dk xGuv f m&ygw,f? jynfoabFmqdyu f dk a&mufawmh oabFmxGu&f uf r[kww f ma=umifh
jynfaxmifudk jyefvm&jyefygw,f?
jynfaxmif[m jrefrmEdik if t H usO;f axmifawGxrJ mS “*” tqifo h m&Sw
d Jh tusO;f axmif wpfck
jzpfygw,f? axmifudk ywfywfvnfrmS um&Hxm;wJh tkw&f dk ;uvnf; tif;pdeaf xmifeJ@pm&if tawmfav;
edrf@wmudk awG@&ygw,f?

(*)[if;aumif;vdk@ xrif;awmif;wm
aemufwpfae@jzpfwJh Ed0k ifbmv(25)&ufrmS awmh aqmif;tat;'%f csr;f csr;f pD;pD;}uD;atmufrmS
o&ufaxmifudk qufomG ;zdk@twGuf jynfoabFmqdyu f dk qif;&ygw,f? oabFmqdyaf &mufawmh
usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k at;vGe;f vdk@ cdu k cf u
dk w
f ek af tmif csr;f ae=uygw,f?
oabFmay:wufwt Jh cgrmS usaemfwdk@ o&ufaxmifydk@zdk@ wm0ef,x l m;wJh &JawGu oabFm&Jh
tay:xyfO;D ydik ;f rSm pk+yD;ae&mcsay;ygw,f? tnmqefoabFm}uD;eJ@ o&uf+rdK@udk wpfaeukeef ;D yg;
oabFmpD;&ygw,f? a&qefudk ckwaf rmif;aewma=umifh oabFmuaES;aES;yJ armif;aeygw,f? usaemfwdk@
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vdk@jyefajymygw,f? trSew f u,fawmh olwdk@awG[m 5(n)om; wdu k &f u dk f rpm;&vdk@ oG,0f u dk f
pm;ae=u+yD; }udw0f rf;omaewJh aumifawGreS ;f odomygw,f? a&qGaJ vbmrSm usaemfwdk@ Edik if aH &;
tr_awGxrJ mS wcgwav &mZ0wftusO;f om;(1) OD;/ (2) OD;ygwwfygw,f? usew f mawGuawmh
xH;k pHtwdik ;f 5(n)awGygy?J rsupf v d nf vrf;rSm;jyD; a&qGaJ vbmudk a&mufvmwufwJh &mZ0wftusO;f om;
qdwk muvnf; jypf'%fwpfcu k dk usL;vGerf v d dk@ wpfywfwefonf jzpfap/ ESpyf wfwefonfjzpfap a&qGzJ dk@usvm
wwfwmrsKd ;yJ jzpfygw,f?
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tuFsv D uf&n S 0f wf/ ykq;dk ydik ;f awGudk acgi;f rSm aygi;f +yD; ac|';D 'D;usatmif a&qGcJ yJh gw,f? a&qG&J if;0wfwJh
usaemfwdk@&Jh Zifom;vuf&n S f tuFsaD wG[m ac|;eJ@ aqG;ajrŒ+yD; pkw+f yJwt Jh qifu h dk awmifa&mufaeygw,f?
axmifxrJ mS axmifvufpGJ Oya't& (3)vwpfcg yHpk t H uFsx
D wk af y;&r,fvdk@ owfrw S x f m;ayr,fh
usaemfo&ufaxmifu vGww f tJh xd o&ufaxmifrmS axmifypHk 0H wfpHk wpfprHk S r&bl;yg?
o&ufaxmif[m usaemfwdk@vdk Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awG axmifwiG ;f tusO;f om;wpfa,muf
&ydik cf iG &fh w
Sd Jh t&mawGudk awmif;qdak yr,fv h nf; axmiftm%mydik af wG&Jh tajzuawmh wkwef J@&u dk /f jypf'%f
cwfvu dk w f mygy?J ajyvnfatmif ajz&Si;f ay;wmawGr&Syd gb;l ? usaemfwdk@ Edik if aH &;. tusO;f orm;awGudk
rSa&G;+yD; }udKwifprD rH e_ J@ w&m;vufvw $ jf yK vkyaf eygw,f? 'Dvjdk yKvkyaf ewmudk tjyifuvlawG/
tusO;f om;awG&Jh oufqidk &f m rdbawGqD owif;raygu=f um;&atmif axmif0ifpmawG@wt Jh cgrmS
wif;=uyfra_ wG jyKvkyyf gawmhw,f?
Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awG axmif0ifpmawG@wt Jh cgrmS tem;uae 0efxrf;awG(2)OD;avmuf
apmifah eygw,f? axmif0ifpm awG@aewJt h csed rf mS Edik if aH &;ta=umif;/ axmifxu J tajctae ta=umif;
ajymrd&if axmif0ifpmudk csucf si;f &yfpyJ pfygw,f? tJ't D jyif axmifxrJ mS 5(n)wpfO;D OD;u wifjyr_awG/
qifu h q J ifu h J ar;cGe;f xkwrf a_ wG/ vkyv f mvdk@&&Sd ifvnf; axmif0ifpmudk =uyfwnf;wJh pnf;urf; trdef@awG
xkw+f yD; t=uyfjyefuidk w f wfygao;w,f?
&efuek u f aeusaemfwdk@ qDvmwJh rdom;pkawGtzdk@ jrefrmjynftv,fyidk ;f u o&uf+rdK@udk ESpyf wf
wpfcg vmawG@zdk@qw dk m rjzpfEidk yf gb;l ? rdbawGu aiGa=u;wwfEidk w f Jh olawGjzpf&ifawmifrS
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tEdik Ef idk v
f mawG@ ae&wmjzpfygw,f? 'Dvadk wmfwef&Hk rvG,u f v l w S Jh axmif0ifpmav;udk
axmiftm%mydik af wGu uef@owfra_ wG jyKvkyv f mygawmhw,f?
'Dae&mrSm axmif0ifpmudpeP J@ yufouf+yD; o&ufaxmiftwGi;f wdu k yf EGJ pS }f udrf wdu k cf &Jh wmudk
wifjyvdyk gw,f?
wpf}udru f awmh usaemfu, dk w
f idk f ajymjywmxuf tJ'w D u dk yf uGJ dk ud, k w f idk wf u dk cf w Jh Jh um,uH&iS u f
ajymwm yd+k yD;wduscidk rf mwma=umifh 'Dae&mrSm azmfjyvdu k yf gw,f?
1988-Auo/ tm%modr;f +yD;awmh trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pD tzGJ@csKyfrmS urm&Gw+f rdK@e,f
vli,fqufo, G af &; wm0efct H jzpf v_y&f mS ;cJo h nf?
1989 azazmf0g&v D vl@abmifopfygwo D dk@ 0ifa&muf+yD; urm&Gw+f rdK@e,f pnf;&H;k a&;r_;wm0ef,l
xrf;aqmifco Jh nf? 1989 {+yDv ABSDF ajrmufyidk ;f wyf&if;(701)odk@awmcdck +Jh yD; 1989 pufwifbmvrSm
rlq,f/ r0w&H;k okd@owif;ykd@I tm%mykid rf sm;rS rdbrsm;xHokd@ t S yfEcSH o Jh nf? 1989 Ed0k ifbmvrSm Auo
jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;a&; aumfrwDrmS wm0ef,cl o Jh nf? 1990arvY Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf ( atmufArmjynf ) Y
0ifa&muf wm0efxrf;aqmifco Jh nf? 1991 arvY ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;. zrf;qD;r_tm;cH&+yD; yk'rf 5 (n) jzifh
axmif'%f(6)ESpf tif;pdeaf xmifY usccH &Jh onf?
1995 =o*kwv f o&ufaxmifrS jyefvnfvw G af jrmufvm+yD; Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf (atmufArmjynf)
A[dk pnf;&H;k a&;aumfrwDY qufvufwm0ef,cl o Jh nf?
1996 'DZifbm ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_wiG f yg0ifcrJh a_ =umifh ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;. vdu k v f zH rf;qD;
ojzifh 1997 azazmf0g&v D rSm xdik ;f jrefrme,fpyfodk@ qkwcf mG wdr;f a&Smifco Jh nf? xdk@aemuf
vGwaf jrmufe,fajrokd@ ajymif;a&G@vmaom vl@abmifopf'rD u dk &ufwpfygwYD wm0efxrf;aqmifco Jh nf?
1988 =o*kwv f Y Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf/ Edik if jH cm;a&;&m aumfrwDwiG f tckcsed x f d
wm0efxrf;aqmifaeqJ jzpfonf? 1999 'DZifbmvY Edik if aH &; tusO;f om;rsm;ulnaD pmifah &Smufa&;
toif;( jrefrmEdik if H )Yvnf; yg0ifaqmif&u G af e+yD; jrefrmjynf 'Dru dk a&pDa&;twGuf wufºuGpmG
v_y&f mS ;aqmif&u G f aeqJjzpfonf?
1992 ckEpS f arvxJrmS b,fvjdk zpfvq J adk wmh usaemfwdk@taqmif(4) rSm xrif;pm;&wmr0bl;?
vHak vmufatmifvnf; ray;wJt h wGuf taqmifr;_ wyf=uyf bdu k u H dk wifjyygw,f? taqmifr;_ u
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jyefomG ;ygw,f?
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rde;f a*s;vf axmifr;_ u 'Dupd u P rdk ajz&Si;f ay;yJ axmifyidk u f w dk ifjyygw,f? axmifyidk u f vnf;
'Davmuf xrif;pm;aumif; aewm [if;aumif;vdk@q+dk yD; axmifxu J yJ[if;vnf; wdwu d susvyk /f
axmif0ifpmawGvnf; uef@owfw,f? tdru f rdbawGvnf; e,fa0;u vm&wm yifyef;w,f?
axmif0ifpmtxkyf rsm;w,fq&dk if tJ'aD xmif0ifpmawGeJ@ vlawG xrif;pm;aumif;aew,f? pnf;pnf;vH;k vH;k
jzpfaew,f? &d;k &d;k omref tusO;f om;awGuv dk nf; axmif0ifpmawGeJ pnf;&H;k aew,f?
'Dvt dk jrifeJ@ axmif0ifpmudk uef@owfr,fq+dk yD;awmh trdef@xu G v f mygw,f? axmif0ifpm
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“rif;oGm;awmh . . . rif;taqmifrif;jyefawmh ”
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axmifyidk &f ;Hk cef;u xGuw f meJ@ Al;0a&mufw,f? Al;0xJrmS 0efxrf;awG&w Sd ,f? tJ'0D efxrf;u wpfcg0idk ;f &du k f
ygw,f? usaemfvnf; t&du k cf aH e&if;eJ@yJ Al;0uae taqmifukd vrf;av#mufjyefvm&ygw,f?
usaemfjyefvmawmh rGe;f vGaJ e+yD; vrf;wpfav#mufv;kH apmavb,fv/f oufxeG ;f / apmxGe;f
atmif=unfwdk@u wkwef J@&u dk +f yD; taqmifudk ac:vmygw,f? yg;pyfuvnf;
 “rif;aemufwpfcg axmifyidk u f dk uvefuqefvyk Of ;D rvm;” vdk@ajym+yD; &du k yf gw,f?
“rif;wdk@axmifxrJ mS aecsio f vdk aevdk@r&bl;uG/ ud, k b
fh 0udk em;rvnfb;l ”
bmnmqd+k yD; vrf;wpfav#mufv;Hk &ku d v f mygw,f? rde;f a*s;vfa&mufawmh usaemfxifw,f? tcsuf
(180)/ (200)avmuf&rSd ,f? rde;f a*s;vfa&mufawmh usaemfu h dk
“usaemf aemufudk 'Dvrdk vkyaf wmhygb;l ”
vdk@ (3)}udrf (3)cgatmfcidk ;f ygw,f? +yD;wJt h cgrmS toHw;dk w,fq+dk yD; xyf&u dk yf gw,f? rde;f a*s;vf
a&mufawmh taqmifu&JabmfawG xGu=f unfah eygw,f? usaemfwdk@ taqmifu a&qGaJ ewJh olawGuvnf;
0ke;f qdak jy;vmawmh axmifqrl ,fyh pHk rH sKd ; jzpfvmwma=umifh 0efxrf;awGu c&mr_w+f yD; “yHpk ”H vdk@ atmf
vduk yf gw,f? axmifxu J tusO;f om;awGtm;vH;k +idru f somG ;ygw,f? tJ't D csed rf mS usaemfu h dk xyf
&du
k yf gw,f? +yD;rS usaemfu h dk taqmifxo J iG ;f vdu k yf gw,f? taqmifxu J dk a&mufwt Jh csed rf mS yJ usaemfu h dk
a&qGcJ idk ;f w,f?
a&qGw J t
Jh cgrmS (2)qdik ;f &Syd gw,f? wpfqidk ;f qG&J if usew f Jh wpfqidk ;f uem;&ygw,f? usaemfu h dk
ESpq f idk ;f pvH;k rSm 0ifqcGJ idk ;f +yD; tem;ray;ygb;l ? jypf'%foabmyg? naetaqmifawGtm;vH;k a&qGJ
odr;f awmhrS em;cGi&fh ygw,f? ae@cif;wke;f u t&du k cf x
H m;&wJh '%f&m'%fcsuaf wGudk (4)aqmif (3)cef;u
ud=k unfviG u f aq;xnfah y;ygw,f? nae wef;ydww f tJh cgusawmh usaemfu h dk taqmifajymif;vdu k yf gw,f?
&mZ0wftusO;f om;awGcsn;f oufoufxm;wJh trSw(f 2)tdyaf qmifudk ydk@vu dk yf gw,f? axmifyidk u f usaemfh
udk Isolate txD;usejf zpfatmif wpfa,mufwnf; xm;ygw,f?
aemufyidk ;f rSmawmh axmif0ifpm vrf;yGio fh mG ;+yD; e*dok wfrw S cf suaf wG aysmufu, G of mG ;ygw,f?

(c)
axmif0ifpm yHpk H wdu k yf GJ
axmif0ifpmeJ@ ywfouf+yD;aemufwpfcu k awmh axmif0ifpmrSm yHpk x H idk cf idk ;f wJh udpjP zpfygw,f?
usaemfwdk@ tusO;f om;awG[m axmifxrJ mS axmifrLS ;/ axmifyidk w f dk@ vmwJt h cgrmS t&dt k ao
ay;&wJt h aeeJ@ yHpk x H idk &f ygw,f? yHpk q H w dk t
Jh oH=um;&&if a&mufwaJh e&mrSm csucf si;f yHpk x H idk &f ygw,f?
'gut dk cGiafh umif;,l+yD; axmifyidk u f axmif0ifpmawG@wJh tcgrmS vnf; axmif0ifpmtcef;xJrmS yHpk x H idk f
&r,fvdk@ trdef@xw k yf gw,f?
yHpk rH xdik w f o Jh u l dk jypf'%fay;r,fvdk@ ajymygw,f? 'Dvt dk rdef@rsKd ;udk jrefrmjynfu emrnfq;dk eJ@
tausm=f um;qH;k jzpfwJh tif;pdeaf xmifrmS awmif r=um;zl;wJh trdef@rsKd ;jzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@awG tif;pdef
axmifrmS axmif0ifpm awG@&wke;f u axmifyidk af Zmftek ;f ud, k wf idk vf u dk =f unfw h myg? bmyHpk rH S rxdik cf &Jh ygb;l ?
ud, k t fh rd ef J@u, dk f pum;aumif;aumif;ajymcGifh &ygao;w,f? tckvdk o&ufaxmifyidk f aomif;!Gef@&Jh trdef@udk
usaemfwdk@5(n)awGtm;vH;k tmcH=uzdk@ taqmiftoD;oD;u 5(n)awGtcsi;f csi;f wdik yf if=uygw,f?
usaemfwdk@ axmifxrJ mS yHpk x H idk &f wmudk uef@uu G w f mrsKd ;r[kwyf g? 'g[m axmifOya'rSm ygxm;
wma=umifh usaemfwdk@ vdu k ef m&rSmyg? tckupd u P ud, k rfh od m;pkeJ@ wpfvrSm wpfcg&mS ;&Sm;yg;yg; awG@ &wJh
tcsed af v;rSm / axmif0ifpmtcef;xJrmS yHpk x H idk &f r,fqw dk mudk vufrcH Edik yf gb;l ? &yfa0;/ e,fa0;uae
yifyrf;}uD;vSpmG eJ@ usaemfwkd@udk vmawG@wJh rdbtdro f m;awGa&SŒrSm &wJh ( 10 )rdepf/ ( 15 ) rdepfav;rSm
yHpk xH idk zf dk@ usawmfwdk@ jiif;qdyk gw,f? axmif0ifpmawG@&wJh tcsed af v;[m tusO;f om;wpfa,muf&Jh &oifh
&xdu k w f Jh ud, k yf idk tf csed af v;yJ jzpfygw,f?
'gah =umifh axmif0ifpmawG@&wJt h csed f rdb/ aqGrsKd ;awGa&S@rmS yHpk rH xdik Ef idk b f ;l vdk@ tm;vH;k qH;k jzwf
vdu k yf gw,f? axmif0ifpmvmac:wJt h cgrmS yxrtaeeJ@ axmif0ifpmcef;rSm wm0efusw0Jh efxrf;udk axmif
0ifpmawG@&wJt h cgrmS yHpk x H idk &f rvm;/ r&bl;vm;vdk@ ar;jref;r,f? yHpk rH xdik &f bl;qd&k if awG@r,f?
xdik &f r,fq&dk if axmif0ifpmudjk iif;y,fr,f? axmif0ifpmudk jiif;y,fwyJh pHk rH sLd ;eJ@ pwdu k rf ,fvdk@ qH;k jzwf
oabmwl=uw,f? tu,fvdk@ usaemfwdk@ 5 ( n ) awGu axmif0ifpmudk jiif;y,fw,fq&dk if c&D;a0;}uD;
uae yifyifyef;yef;vm&wJh tdraf wGu bmjzpfvdk@vv J dk@ar;=u/ pHpk rf;=uawmhrmS aocsmygw,f? rdom;pkawGeJ@
jy\emwpfpw Hk &mr&Sw d Jh usaemfwdk@u axmif0ifpmrawG@Eidk b f ;l vdk@ jiif;qef&if ta=umif;wpfcck ak wmh
&Srd ,fvdk@ tdraf wGu awG;rd=urSm jzpfygw,f?
tJ'uD aewqifh axmifyikd u f dk zdtm;ay;ar;jref;=urSm jzpfygw,f? tJ't D cgusrS rdbawGu
axmifyidk f &J@,w k rf mr_udk odomG ;=urSmjzpf+yD; axmifyidk &f J@ bDv;l &kyu f dk qGxJ w
k Ef idk rf ,fh tcsuw f pfcsuv f nf;
jzpfygw,f? axmif0ifpmjiif;y,fvdk@ wpfa,mufwu dk xf J a&mufomG ;&if aemufwpfa,mufu
qufwu dk =f uzdk@ qH;k jzwf xm;ygw,f? 'Dwu dk yf [
GJ m usaemfwdk@vdk 5 ( n )awG&J@ “ *k%o f u d mQ wdu k yf GJ
”vnf;jzpfygw,f?
axmif0ifpmawG@zdk@ tJ'aD e@u yxrOD;vluawmh taqmif (4)u pufrw _ uUov dk u f ausmif;om;
acgi;f aqmifwpfO;D jzpfwJh pnfox l ËG yf J jzpfygw,f? pnfox l ËG u f axmif0ifpmcef;xJrmS yHpk rH xdik Ef idk b f ;l vdk@
jiif;qdv k u dk yf gw,f? jypf'%fq+dk yD; ol@uw dk udk f xJydk@vu dk yf gw,f? aemuftrSwf ( 1 )tdyaf qmifu cspu f u dk dk (
c)atmif'ifeJ@ cspn f n D D (c)a&$bek ;f vl (wm&mrif;a0)wdk@ nDtpfuEdk pS Of ;D wdk@ tvSnu fh sygw,f? olwdk@EpS Of ;D
vnf; yHpk rH xdik Ef idk b f ;l vdk@ ajymwma=umifh wdu k x f yJ dk@vu dk yf gw,f? tJ'aD wmh 'Dtwdik ;f om 5 (n )awG
axmif0ifpmvmwdik ;f rawG@Eidk b f ;l ajymvdk@ wdu k x f oJ mydk@ae&&if =um&ifrvG,b f ;l vdk@ axmifyidk ef J@ taygi;f
tygawG awG;rdomG ;vm; rajymwwfawmhyg? axmifyidk af omif;!$ef@ wpfa,muf aemufqw k o f mG ;+yD;
axmif0ifpmawG@pOf yHpk x H idk &f r,fqw dk Jh ol@&t Jh rdef@udk &kwo f rd ;f ay;vdu k yf gawmhw,f?
'Dupd rP sKd ;[m e0w&Jh vufuidk w f w k af wG[m tm%mudk zdEySd zf dk@ oufoufom usio fh ;Hk wwfa=umif;
odomapwJh tcsuw f pfcsuv f nf;jzpfygw,f? jrefrmjynftv,fyidk ;f a'o&JΠ&moDOwk'%f=um;u axmif
wGi;f wdu k yf aGJ wG[m axmifyidk ef J@ taygi;f tygawG zdEySd w f idk ;f jzpfymG ;vmwwfygawmhw,f?
'Dae&mrSm axmif0ifpmyHpk w H udk yf u GJ dk pwifO;D aqmifwu dk cf w Jh Jh udpk nfox l ËG u f ol@&ŒJ tawG@t=uHKudk
wifjyxm;ygw,f?

pnfox l ËG f
pufrw _ uUov dk f
ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif
1988 Y &efuek pf ufrw _ uUov dk w
f iG f 'kw, d ESpf wufa&mufaecJ+h yD; &efuek pf ufrw _ uUov dk f ausmif;
om;or*~Y OD;aqmifyg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h nf?
1989 Zlvidk v f Y 'Dru
dk &ufwpf ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tzGJ@ ( &efuek w f idk ;f )Y yg0ifaqmif&u G cf o
Jh nf?
xdk@tjyif 1989 pufwifbmvY ausmif;om;vli,frsm; yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G af &; aumfrwDrmS wm0ef,l
aqmif&u G cf o
Jh nf? 1989-1990Y &efuek pf ufrw _ uUov dk f ausmif;om;or*~Y 'kw, d OuUXwm0efudk xrf;
aqmifco Jh nf?
1990 rwfv (13 )&ufae@wiG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;. a&Smifwcif zrf;qD;r_udk cHc&Jh +yD;
tif;pdeaf xmifY tvky=f urf;ESifh axmif'%f (3)ESpf csccH &Jh onf? 1992 ZGev f (27)&ufae@wiG f o&ufaxmifrS
jyefvnf vGwaf jrmuf vmcJo h nf? xdk@aemuf udw k w
d Ef idk /f udpk ;dk Edik w
f dk@ ESit
fh wl aq;qdik zf iG v fh pS +f yD; tusO;f
axmiftwGi;f odk@ aq;0g;axmufyo Hh nfh vkyif ef;udk aqmif&u G cf o
Jh nf? 1993 jynfyodk@xu G cf mG cJ+h yD; ,cktcg
=opaw;o#Eikd if H qpf'eD+rdK@Y aexdik v f #u&f +Sd yD; jrefrmjynf'rD u dk a&pDa&;twGuf axmifw h pfae&mrS }udK;pm;
aqmif&u G af eqJ jzpfonf?
 axmif0ifpmcef;rSm yHpk x H idk &f r,fvdk@ odvu dk &f wJt h csed rf mS usaemfeJ@ vkyaf zmfuidk zf uf &Jabmfrsm;
tawmf pdwx f cd u dk =f uw,f?
&efuek u f ae uDvrdk w D m ( 300 )avmuf uGma0;wJh o&ufukd a&wpfwef. uke;f wpfwef trsKd ;rsKd ;
tcuftcJawG =um;xJuae yifyef;}uD;pGmeJ@ vmcJ=h u&wJh ud, k &fh Jh rdom;pk0ifawGeJh tusO;f pcef;u owfrw S f
xm;wJh tcsed w f adk v;twGi;f rSmawmif vGwv f yfpmG ud, k yf idk t f csed af v;udk pum;rajymEkid yf J rdbawGa&SŒrSm
yHpk xH idk &f r,f/ bmr,feJ@ pnf;urf;awG wif;=uyfvmwm rw&m;wma=umifh usaemfwdk@ &Jabmf wpfawGwidk f
yif+yD; axmif0ifpmtcef;rSm yHpk x H idk &f r,fh pnf;urf;csuaf wGudk pwifoydwaf rSmufzdk@ qH;k jzwf=uw,f?
wdu k w f u dk q f idk q
f idk yf J 'Dvrdk w&m;r_udk tHww k u dk yf 0JG ifzdk@ usaemfwdk@ Ekid if aH &;tusO;f orm;awG qH;k jzwf
csucf s+yD;wJh tcsed rf mS yJ usaemft h rd u f axmif0ifpmawG@zdk@ usaemft h ar a&mufvmcJw h ,f? 'geJ@yJ usaemfaewJh
taqmif ( 1 )udk axmif0ifpm wm0efus 0efxrf;t&mcHAv dk f OD;ausm&f eSd f vmac:ygw,f?
“ pnfox l ËG /f axmif0ifpmawG@r,f/ rif;tarvmw,f” vdk@ajymygw,f? 'geJ@yJ usaemft h areJ@
axmif0ifpmawG@&atmif OD;ausm&f eSd v f mac:wJah emufudk vdu k o f mG ;ygw,f? axmif0ifpmtcef;xJudk usaemf
0ifvu dk w f t Jh cgrmS OD;ausm&f eSd u f axmif0ifpm&JΠpnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;awGudk ajymjyygw,f? tJ'pD nf;
rsO;f awGxrJ mS yHpk v H dk@atmf&if axmif0ifpmcef;xJrmS yJ yHpk x H idk &f r,fvdk@ ajymygw,f? 'guu dk saemf owdxm;rd
vdu k yf gw,f?
usaemfwdk@ &JabmfawGeJ@ wdu k yf 0GJ ifzdk@yJ }udKwif!ESd i_d ;f xm;wJt h wdik ;f 'Dupd [ P m rw&m;bl;? tdru f rd
om;pk0ifawG a&SŒrSm yHpk x H idk &f r,fqw dk m enf;vrf;rusb;l ? 'guq dk ef@usirf ,fvdk@ OD;ausm&f eSd u f dk usaemf
jyefajymvdu k yf gw,f? 'Dvydk pHk rH sKd ;eJ@ axmif0ifpmrSm yHpk x H idk &f r,f qd&k ifawmh rxdik yf eJ J@ rawG@wJh enf;vrf;udk
usaemfu a&G;cs,v f u dk +f yD; tusO;f OD;pD;Xme0efxrf; OD;ausm&f eSd u f dk xyfajymvdu k yf gw,f?
tJ't D cgrmS OD;ausm&f eSd u f usaemfu h dk axmif0ifpmcef;rSm c%xm;cJ+h yD; axmifA;l 0xJ ud0k if
oGm;ygw,f? usaemfpw d x f if aocsmwmuawmh usaemfajymwmudk axmifyidk af omif;!$eŒf qD tpD&if oGm;cHchJ
wmyJjzpfw,f? tcsed ef nf;enf;=umawmh usaemfu h dk axmif0ifpmcef;uae ac:+yD;awmh wdu k x f u J ydk dk@
vdu k yf gw,f?
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wdu k xf u J ae jyefvmxkwyf gw,f? 'Dvedk J@wu dk xf u J ae xGu+f yD; Al;0xJac:oGm;wJt h csed rf mS usaemfh
pdwaf wGvy_ &f mS ;vmygw,f? axmifyidk &f ;kH cef;xJa&mufawmh usaemf pdwx f ifxm;ovdk r[kwyf J
axmif0ifpmawG@zdk@ jyifqif xm;wmudk awG@vu dk &f ygw,f? usaemf&h ŒJtarjzpfou l axmifyidk f aomif;!Gef@&@J
&H;k cef;xJrmS xdik +f yD;apmifah ewJh taetxm;eJ@ awG@vu dk &f awmh usaemft=Hh ooGm;ygw,f?
axmif0ifpmawG@ae=u tcef;rSmr[kwyf J tareJ@om; oHZumrjcm;yJ vGwv f yfpmG ay;awG@ygw,f?
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usaemfwdk@ om;trdudk aocsmpGm tuJcwf apmif=h unfah eygw,f? owfrw S x f m;wJh tcsed u f ek af wmh
axmif0if pmypPn;f awG vufrmS qG+J yD; taqmifujdk yefcw Jh ,f? 'gayr,fh usaemfaewJh taqmifujdk yefrydk@yJ
wdu k uf dk ydk@vu dk yf gw,f?
odyrf =umcifrmS yJ usaemf&h Jh ab;zuf wdu k cf ef;xJudk cspn f nD /D cspu f udk wdk dk@ nDtpfudk (2) a,muf
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dk &f um a&muf
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rdom;pk0ifawGeJ@ awG@qcHk iG &fh cJyh gw,f?
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usaemfvw G af jrmufvm+yD; tdru f usaemft h ar&Jh ajymjycsut f &qd&k if tjzpftysujf zpfwaJh e@u axmif
0ifpmudk cgwidk ;f vdyk J awG@zdk@vmcJah yr,fh tcsed af wG =umvmwmeJ@tr# usaemf&h rJh cd if[m usaemfeJ@awG@&r,f/
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awG@qHk cGi&fh atmif }udK;pm;cJyh gw,f?
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tcef;(12)
(u)
o&ufaxmiftwGi;f oufaoxGuq f cdk suf
usaemfwkd@awG[m axmifxrJ mS axmiftm%mydik af wG&Jh w&m;vufvw G f vkyaf qmifaewmudk
qef@usit f mcHwJh wdu k yf aGJ wGjyKvky+f yD; olwdk@awG&, Jh wk rf m aumufusprf a_ wGudk zGix fh wk jf yzdk@ }udK;pm;ae
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om,m0wDaxmifu tkycf sKyfa&;t&m&Sd (axmifyidk )f OD;pD;wJh pHpk rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@ a&mufvm+yD; 'Dt;D (DE)
0ifygw,f? tJ'v D dk tjcm;axmifawGu axmift&m&Sad wG vma&mufppfaq;awmh o&ufaxmifu axmif
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olwdk@tvd&k w Sd mudo k m ajymqdak y;Edik rf ,f/h xGuq f adk y;Edik rf ,fh acgi;f ndwaf xmufcaH y;r,fo h l
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r[kwv f m; ”
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OD;at;v_id u f
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uawmh &efuek f tif;pdeaf xmifu axmifr;_ }uD;jzpf+yD; nmzufuawmh jynfaxmifu axmifr;_ jzpfygw,f?
oluppfcsuaf wG/ xGuq f cdk suaf wGudk vufEySd pf uf&u dk f rSww f rf;wifaeygw,f? usaemf&h Jh eHab;rSmawmh
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tv,fu xdik af ewJh wpfa,mufu
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“ajzygrh ,f ”
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r&Syd gb;l ?
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wJt h cg tusO;f om;wdik ;f u tJ'pdD m&Guu f dk udik x f m;+yD; pm&Gux f rJ mS trnf/ tztrnf/ tr_ ay;&ufp/GJ
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ar;ygw,f?
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“ t&du k rf cH&ygb;l ”
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wifaeygw,f? OD;jrifo h ed ;f uquf+yD;
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vufco H vm; ”
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xrf;awG/ axmiftm%mydik af wGu wrifoufouf zefw;D ,laewmawG trsm;}uD;&Syd gw,f? usaemfu
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awG@&ygw,f? ajymqdzk dk@ rvGwrf vyfjzpfomG ;ygw,f?
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a,mif vmygw,f? ajymcsvu dk zf dk@ usaemftm;,lvu dk yf gw,f? 'Dtcsed rf mS 'DtcGit fh a&;udk toH;k csvu dk &f if
axmifrLS ;/ axmifyidk af wG&J@ acG;&du k /f EGm;&du k u
f dk r&_rvS cH&rSm aocsmygw,f? b,fvadk jz&if aumif;rvJvk@d
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awmif;qdv k u
dk yf gw,f?
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&Sad evdk@ygy?J o&ufaxmifu axmiftm%mydik af wG &Sad ewJah e&mrSm usaemfrajzqdEk idk yf gb;l ? ppfaq;a&;
tzGJ@udk trSet f wdik ;f ajymzdk@ 0efrav;ayr,fh o&ufaxmiftm%mydik af wGxu J wpfa,mufa,mufa&S@rmS
usaemftrSet f wdik ;f xGuq f ydk gu trsuaf 'goxGu+f yD; ppfaq;a&;tzGJh jyefomG ;wJt h cg=u&if usaemft h ay:
tjidK;taw;xm; &efjyKEdik yf gw,f? usaemf&h J@ vHjk cHKa&;pdwcf s&atmif vsKd@0ufpmG jyKvkyzf dk@eJ@ tzGJ@et Jh ppfc&H ol
oufoufcsn;f ppfaq;aewJh tcef;rSm xm;&Sad y;ygvdk@ awmif;qdyk gw,f? 'grS xGuq f cdk suaf wGu rSeu f efr_
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f ;l qdw k m rrSerf uefxu G q f zdk dk@ }udK;pm;wJh
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igwm0ef,w l ,f? axmifxrJ mS avmuf vHjk cHKwm 'Dwpfae&myJ &Sw d ,f? rif;wpfa,mufxrJ ajymeJ@
tusO;f om; tm;vH;k &Jh vHjk cHKa&;udk 'dk@tup 0efxrf;awGu wm0ef,x l m;wm? uJæajym ”
OD;jrifoh ed ;f ud,k wf idk f pdeaf c:aerSawmh usaemfrajym&if vdrv f nfzdk@}udKk /;pm;w,fvdk@ rSwaf wmhrmS
aocsmwma=umifh trSet f wdik ;f zGicfh svu dk zf dk@ pdw'f ;Hk 'H;k csvu dk yf gw,f?
“axmifxrJ mS rif;wdk@awG xrif;pm;&wm 00vifvifpm;&w,f r[kwv f m; ”
vdk@ar;cGe;f ajymif;ar;ygw,f?
“ r0. . . ygb;l ”
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cifAsm;wdk@ ac:vmwJo h ul [kwaf um[kwaf o;&Jv h m; ”
usaemfah b;u xdik af ewJh OD;at;v_id u f kd vSn=fh unf+h yD; ar;vdu k yf gw,f? OD;at;v_id u f usaemfu h dk
“ uGm . . . tvum;/ 'Daumifav; av#mufajymaewmyJ/ cufwmyJ/ rif;udik gwdk@ apmapmu
ajymxm;wJt h wdik ;f ajzav ” vdk@rsuEf mS udk &_ŒH wG+yD; ajymygw,f?
OD;jrifoh ed ;f u . .
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xrif;00vifvif rau|;bl; qdw k m igwdk@,=Hk unfatmif bmeJ@oufaojyrvJ ”
“axmifxrJ mS xrif;r0wJu h pd u P dk axmifxu J tusO;f om;awG tmvH;k odygw,f? vH;k 0pm;vdk@
r0ygb;l ? usaemfuadk c:rar;yJ tjcm;tusO;f om; wpfa,mufac:ar;vnf; r0a=umif;ajymrSmyJ? 'gtrSef
w&m;yJ ”
“uJ . . tif;pdeaf xmifrmS aum xrif;ud0k 0au|;ovm;/ b,fvadk u|;vJ ”
“tif;pdeaf xmifrmS u xrif;udv k o dk avmuf &ygw,f? 00vifvifvnf; pm;&w,f? xrif;xnfh
uwnf;u xnfah y;wJo h u l xrif;udt k armufxnfh ay;wm/ ud, k rf ukeEf idk &f if jyefoeG x f nfzh dk@ yH;k awGcs
ay;xm;ygw,f? vd&k ifvnf; xyfawmif;vdk@&ygw,f ”
“ at;av/ 'Do&ufaxmifrmS vnf; tif;pdet f wdik ;f xrif;udt k 0au|;aewm awG@wmyJ? rif;bm
jiif;rvJ ”
“ 'DrmS xrif;au|;w,fqw dk m tck ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@awGvmvdk@ xrif;yH;k awG csxm;wmjzpfygw,f?
t&ifwpfacguf ppfaq;a&;vmwke;f uvnf; tJ'v D ydk J xrif;awGudk tyd&k Edik rf ,fh yH;k awGcsxm;ay;w,f?
'gayr,fh tJ'v D adk u|;wm &ufyidk f;yJcw H ,f? ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@awG jyefomG ;awmh xrif;tydx k nfx h m;wJh yH;k awG
jyeford ;f oGm;ygw,f? tckvnf; ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@awG a&mufvmvdk@ [efjycsxm;wmyg? ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@awG
jyefomG ;&if tckxrif;tydak y;aewmawGvnf; jyeford ;f oGm;rSm aocsmygw,f? aemufx;l xl;jcm;jcm;
odomwmu tJ'x D rif;yH;k awGu tckrS aq;okw+f yD;taqmifawGrmS csxm;wmyg? tJ'yD ;Hk udk aoaocsmcsm
=unf&h if yH;k awGutopfpufpuf/ taqmifeyH wf a&;xm;wJo h abFmaq;u wpfpufawmif rysuaf o;ygb;l ?
'g[mtckrS taqmifawGrmS xrif;tydyk ;Hk awGcsxm;wm/ tckrS jyifqifxm;wm xif&mS ;ygw,f? ”
“aeprf;ygO;D / rif;wdk@axmifxu J dk ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@ awGvmw,fqw dk m b,fvv dk yk o
f v d J”
“axmife&H H av;zuf=um;rSm 'Dvydk J owif;ysŒH ESH@r_ &Syd gw,f ”
“uJ. . . xm;awmh/ rif;wdk@tckvdk xrif;r0wmudk axmifyidk u f w dk ifjy&Jv
h m; ”
“[kwu f /Jh usaemfwkd@qifu h q J ifu h J tcef;vl}uD;/ taqmifr;_ uae axmifyidk }f uD;udk axmifyidk w f ef;pD
rSm wifjyygw,f ”
 “tJ'v D w dk ifjyawmh axmifyidk }f uD;u bmajymvJ ”
“ xrif;r0bl;vdk@ tckvadk wmif;aewm [if;aumif;vdk@/ tJ'aD wmhy[ J if;udak &a&m/ t&Guf
awGrxnfyh J 'Dtwdik ;f csuv f dk@ ajymygw,f ”
“a[haumif. . vl}uD;u 'Dtwdik ;f ajymrSmvm;/ rif;r[kww f mawG rajymeJ@ / rif;oli,fcsi;f awG
apmapmu xGuq f o dk mG ;wm xrif;0w,fajymw,f? rif;igwdk@uv dk mrvdref J@/ axmifxrJ mS qifu h q J ifuh J
tpDtpOftwdik ;f Oya'abmiftwGi;f u wifjy&if b,ftusO;f om;rqdk &w,f? +yD;pvG,/f vufvw G pf y,f
tm%mydik af wGu rvkyb f ;l ? vmrajymeJ@? rif;ajymovdq k rdk jS zifh axmifyidk w f ef;pDqw dk m axmifxrJ mS
vkypf &mawmif rvdak wmhb;l ? tusO;f om;awGaezdk@/ xdik zf dk@/ pm;zdk@upd aP wGudk wpfywfwpfcg tcuftcJawGudk
ajz&Siaf y;zdk@ xm;wm? bmrS vkyrf ay;Edik b f ;l qd&k ifumG . . igajymovdk axmifyidk u f wpfywfwpfcg vSn=fh unfh
p&mawmif rvdak wmhb;l ? rif;wdk@vnf; at;at;aq;aq;ae/ igwdk@vnf; ud, k tfh cef;xJu, dk af e+yD; tcsed w f ef
vpm,l&yHk ?J rif;wdk@ tusO;f om;tcsi;f csi;f vlowfry_ jJ zpfjzpf/ tEdik u f sirfh y_ jJ zpfjzpf 'dk@eJ@rqdik b f ;l ? aevdk@&w,f?
r[kww f mawG vmrajymeJ@ ”
“ tckvadk jymwm/ jzpfcw Jh mawG[m vdrw f mr[kwyf gb;l / trSeaf wGyg? tjcm;tcef;u tusO;f om;
awGvnf; odygw,f”
“awmfyg/ rif;wdk@tcsi;f csi;f 'Dvadk jymr,fq+dk yD; !Sx d m;=urSmayg/h 'dk@vmwm odaerSmyJ r[kwv f m; ”
tJ'rD mS usaemfu h dk ppfaq;aewke;f tcef;xJudk o&ufaxmifyidk f OD;aomif;!Gef@ t&yf0wft&yfpm;eJ@
0ifvmygw,f? +yD;awmh ol@&;Hk cef;xJu rD;cHaowWmudk zGi+fh yD; [d[ k m&Sm/ 'D[m&Smvkyaf eygw,f? wpfcsuf
wpfcsuf usaemfu h v dk nf; rsuaf pmif;xd;k +yD; tuJcwfvu dk yf gao;w,f? tJ't D csed rf mS OD;jrifo
h ed ;f u
“[if;aumif;vdk@ xrif;awmif;wm/ 'D[if;udk zsu+f yD;csuv f dk@ b,fou l ajymwmvJ ”
“axmifyidk u f ajymwmyg ”
“axmifyidk q f w dk m axmifyidk }f uD;vm;/ axmifyidk af v;vm;? ud, k f@axmifu axmifyidk ef mrnfuadk wmif
rodb;l vm; ”
“axmifyidk f Adv k }f uD;aomif;!Gef@yg ”
tJ't D csed rf mS axmifyidk pf m;yGrJ mS &Sad ewJh o&ufaxmifyidk af omif;!Gef@u usaemfu h dk =unf+h yD; wpfcsuf
+yHK;vdu k yf gw,f? ol@t+yHK;uat;puf+yD; aumufusp, f wk rf mr_awG tjynfyh gygw,f?
usaemfh ausmxJ pdru fh eJat;oGm;ygw,f?
“rif;wdk@axmifxrJ mS xrif;awGtydak wmif;/ +yD;&iftjcm;tusO;fom;awGudk aq;vdyef J@ vJv, S f
w,fqdk ”
“r[kwyf gb;l / b,forl S xrif;tydrk &ygb;l ? xrif;pm;&wmr0vdk@ axmif0ifpmuaewqifh tdraf wG
udrk ek f@qef;rSm+yD; pm;&wmawG&ySd gw,f? axmifxrJ mS 0efxrf;awGom xrif;udk tdraf wGu, dk ol mG ;wm
&Syd gw,f ”
“ a[haumif/ rif;jrifvdk@vm;/ rjrifyeJ J@ xifa=u;awGeJ@ 0efxrf;awGudk vmrajymeJ@/ ud, k fh
ta=umif;udak jym/ rif;udak r;wJh ta=umif;yJajz/ ud, k ef J@rqdik wf uJh pd u P dk rajymeJ@/ =um;vm; ”
“ [kwu f Jh ”
“ rif;wdk@ xrif;awGtydak wmif;+yD; rukev f dk@ yef;uefaq;bkwrf mS xrif;useaf wGoeG yf pfxm;wJh
td;k awG jynfah ewmyJq/dk 'grsKd ;vkyzf dk@ raumif;bl;? axmifxrJ mS tJ'v D dk v$ijfh ypfawmh tvum;oufoufrJh
Edik if aH wmfyu dk q f uH dk jzKef;wD;&m usw,f? +yD;awmh tJ'v D dk pnf;urf;r&Sd xrif;useaf wG v$iyfh pfawmh ºuGwf
vmr,f/ jcif/ ,if/vmr,f? +yD;&ifaxmifxrJ mS ul;pufa&m*gjzpfr,f? rif;wdk@twGuf wpfu, dk af & oef@&iS ;f a&;
vn;f xdcu dk w f ,f ”
“ usaemfwdk@awG xrif;useaf wG v$iyfh pfwm/ pGef@ypfxm;wJh yke;f awGrmS jynfv h #+H yD; trsm;}uD;jzpf
aew,fqw dk m r[kwyf gb;l ? wcgwav axmifuau|;wJh xrif;awGxrJ mS oJawG/ cJawG trsm;}uD;ygvdk@
bmrSrpm;Edik v f dk@ xrif;udk v$iyfh pf&wmyg? usaemfw@dk awG[m xrif;udk t"dutpm;tpmtjzpf pm;&+yD;
tvkyv f yk &f wmyg? aemuf v$iyfh pfxm;wJh xrif;useaf wGuv kd nf; axmifrmS arG;xm;wJh 0ufawGtwGuf
ae@widk ;f 0ufbw k u f vm,laevdk@ wdik ;f jynfaiGudk jzKef;ypfw,fvdk@ rqdEk idk yf gb;l ”
“ uJ...aumif;+yD? 'gq&dk if rif;wdk@udk tck xrif;00au|;+yD r[kwv f m; ”
“ [kwu f Jh au|;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh a&&Snaf u|;r,f/ rau|;bl;qdw k m rajymwwfygb;l ”
“ au|;rSmyg? tckrif;wdk@udk 00au|;w,f r[kwv f m;? igwdk@&aSd ewJh ypPKy`eu f ydk J ajymyg? igwdk@awG
rif;wdk@ axmifyidk ef J@ axmifrLS ;awGuadk &m tckvx dk rif;00au|;zdk@ rSmcJrh ,f? [kwv f m;? tckawmh rif;u
axmifxrJ mS xrif;00vifvif pm;&ygw,f? 'Dtwdik ;f yJ xGuq f adk ygh ”
“ usaemf't D csuu f dk jiif;ygw,f? rajzqdEk idk yf gb;l ? axmifxrJ mS xrif;00vifvif pm;&wmrS
(1)&uf/ (2)&ufyJ &Syd gao;w,f? xrif;00vifvif pm;&ygw,fvdk@ vdrv f nf+yD; rxGuq f Edk ikd yf gb;l ? usaemf
wifjywJh tcsuaf wGu trSecf sn;f yJ jzpfygw,f? tcktwdik ;f yJ xGuq f Edk ikd yf gw,f? ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@u rSmcJh
ygw,fqw dk Jh pum;vH;k eJ@ jyefomG ;rSmyg? axmifxrJ mS usecf rJh mS u usaemfwdk@ tusO;f om;awGeJ@
axmifyidk af wGyJ usecf rJh mS yg? a&&Snrf mS au|;w,f/ rau|;bl;qdw k m rodao;ygb;l ? 'gah =umifh
ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@u xGuq f cdk idk ;f wJt
h wdik ;f usaemfrxGuq f Edk ikd yf gb;l ”
tJ't D cgusrS ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@awG acgi;f csi;f qdik v f u dk =f uygw,f? +yD;rS usaemfajymwJt h wkid ;f
vufEySd pf uf &du k zf dk@ jynfaxmifrLS ;udk OD;jrifo h ed ;f u trdef@ay;vdu k yf gw,f?
“ rif;axmifrmS xrif;00vifvif pm;&ovm; ”
“ rpm;&ygb;l ”
“ axmifyidk u f adk &m wifjyta=umif;=um;zl;vm; ”
“ [kwu f Jh wifjyzl;ygw,f? 'gayrJh axmiftm%mydik u f vdu k af vsmr_r&Scd yJh g ”
( 'Dae&mrSm OD;jrifo h ed ;f u “ axmifyidk u f [if;aumif;vdk@ xrif;awmif;wm/ [if;udzk suyf pf ” qdw k Jh
pum;vH;k udk jzKwfay;zdk@ arwWm&yfcw H ma=umifh rxnfo h iG ;f Edik cf yJh g? )
“ rif;'Davmufqdk auseyfw,f r[kwv f m; ”
“ 'Davmufqdk vufcyH gw,f ”
“ axmifxrJ mS rif;a&qGzJ ;l ovm; ”
'Dta=umif;udk olwdk@rar;cifrwnf;u usaemfajzcsiw f m ,m;aeygw,f?
“ qGcJ zJh ;l ygw,f ”
“ wpf&ufudk b,favmufq&GJ ovJ ”
“ wpf&ufudk a&yH;k ( 900 ) avmufq&GJ ygw,f ”
“ b,ft&G,t f pm; avmufy;Hk rsKd ;vJ/ w*gvyH ;kH t&G,v f m; ”
“ r[kwyf gb;l ? a&yH;k u tawmf}uD;ygw,f? ayyguwW&mcGeH Jh vkyx f m;wJh oHxnfjzpfygw,f? yH;k &Jh
tom;wif tav;csed w f if awmfawmfav;ygw,f? a&*gvH ( 20 )cef@ qef@ygw,f? vl ( 5 )a,muf/ ( 6 )
a,mufavmufrS qGw J ifEidk rf mS yg? a&yH;k ud=k unfrh ,fq&dk if usaemfwdk@ taqmifrmS &Syd gw,f? vdu k =f unfh
vdk@&ygw,f ”
OD;jrifo
h ed ;f eJ@ axmifrLS ;awGu olwdk@tcsi;f csi;f wpfa,mufuw dk pfa,muf =unfv h u dk =f uygw,f?
tH=h ow}uD; jzpfaewJh rsuEf mS eJ@ =unf+h yD;rS OD;jrifo h ed ;f u pum;jyefpygw,f?
“ a[h...[kw&f J@vm;uGm/ =unfv h vJ yk yf gO;D / 'dk@uv dk mvdrrf aeeJ@/ rif;av#muf+yD; yg;pyfxJ awG@u&m
awG rajymeJ@? rif;udk tJ'aD vmufrcdik ;f ygb;l ”
OD;jrifo
h ed ;f u ol@a&S@pm;yGJ cHak y:u pm&Guw f pf&u G u f dk ,lvu dk yf gw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfu h dk axmifjy
ygw,f?
“ a[haumif/ rif;oli,fcsi;f awG 0if;Ekid Of ;D wdk@/ aZmf0if;xËf/ vS0if;wdk@ rif;odw,fr[kwv f m; ”
 “ odygw,f ”
“ at;/ olwdk@ajymawmh rif;vdrk [kwb f ;l / rif;ajymwJh a&yH;k ta&twGuef J@ wjcm;pDy?J rif;igwdk@udk
vmvdrrf aeeJ@? a&yH;k ( 900 )qdw k m b,fvedk nf;eJ@rS rjzpfEidk b f ;l ? [dak umifawGajymawmh ( 400 ) vm;/ (
500 )vm;/ 'Davmufy?J rif;usryS q dk ;dk aew,f? aeprf;ygO;D / rif;a&aum qG&J vdk@vm;? yH;k ( 900 )qG&J w,fvdk@
rif;b,fvadk jymEkid v f /J rif;ud, k w f idk f a&wGux f m;wmvm; ”
“wdu k xf aJ &mufaewJh usaemfo h il ,fcsi;f awGu &efuek u f o&ufaxmifajymif;+yD; wvtwGi;f rSmyJ
wdu k x
f J a&mufomG ;wma=umifh taqmifua&qG&J wJh taetxm;eJ@ a&yH;k b,favmuf qG&J w,fqw dk m
olwdk@aoaocsmcsm odrmS r[kwyf gb;l ? aZmf0if;xGËf wpfa,mufyJ a&qGaJ vbm tawG@t}uHK&Syd gw,f?
wpf&ufudk a&yH;k (900)ausmq f &GJ wmuvnf; usaemfu, dk wf idk af &qG+J yD; ud,k w f idk f wmvDrw S xf m;vdk@yg?
ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@u r,H=k unfvdk@&&Sd if usaemf&h Jh axmifeyH gw}f uD;xJu tusO;f om;avbmrSm tvky(f 1)aqmif
a&qGJ avbmvdk@ axmifyidk u f , dk w f idk f vufrw S x
f ;dk xm;wm &Syd gw,f ”
tJ't D cgrmS awmh ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@u usaemheyH gw}f uD;xJu tvkyw f m0efae&mudk oJ}uD;rJ}uD;
zwf&y_ gw,f? zwf=unf+h yD;wJt h cgrmS olwdk@tm;vH;k 'Dupdk u P dk pdw0f ifpm;vmwJh vuQ%m jyvmygw,f?
OD;jrifo h ed ;f [m ol@&u Jh ,
dk yf idk 'f idk , f m&Duzdk iG +fh yD; rSwyf gawmhw,f?
“ a&wpfy;Hk qG&J if vlb,favmufrS Edik rf mS vJ ”
“ a&qGw J pfqidk ;f rSm a&vSnw fh oJh yl g tygq&dk if (6)a,muf/ (7)a,mufavmufygyJ ”
“ a&wpfqidk ;f udk a&yH;k b,favmuf qG&J vJ ”
“ yH;k (50)yg ”
“ a&yH;k (900)qdw k m wpfae@v;Hk pkpak ygi;f vm; ”
“ [kwyf gw,f/ taqmifta&SŒjcrf;/ taemufjcrf; pkpak ygi;f yg ”
usaemfah b;rSm&Sad ewJh OD;at;v_id zf ufuv dk nS +fh yD;. . .
“ cifAsm;wdk@axmifxrJ mS b,fawGa&ay;&vJ/ bmawG'aD vmufo;Hk wmvJ ”
ar;vdu k af wmh “ taqmifawmif,m/ tjyifawmif,m/ rde;f raqmif/ wdu k af wGaomufa&/ taqmif
a&csKd ;/ 'DavmufygyJ ” vdk@jyefajzygw,f?
“ atmf...[kw+f yD ”
“ a&qG&J wm yifyef;ovm; ”
“ [m... yifyef;wmuawmh rajymygeJ@Asm/ usaemfq&dk if a&qGaJ e&if;eJ@yJ yifyef;vGe;f vdk@ axmifxrJ mS
ypfvu J sz;l ygw,f? axmifaq;&Hak wmif wufc&Jh ygw,f? axmifq&m0ef a'guw f m aqGaqG0if;udk ar;=unfh
&if odEidk yf gw,f ”
usaemft h ajztqH;k rSm olwdk@bmrS qufrar;awmhyJ wpfcck u k dk pOf;pm;ae=uygw,f? +yD;awmh
(3)OD;om; wD;wd;k ajym=u jyefygw,f? o&ufaxmifu tm%mydik af wGuawmh usaemfu h /dk pm;rwwf rsuv f ;Hk
awGeJ@ wpfrsKd ;/ pdwyf suv f ufysut f =unfah wGeJ@ wpfzHk =unfah eygw,f? awmfawmfav; =umwJt h cgusrS
OD;jrifo h ed ;f uyJ...
“tif;/ rif;ajymwJt h xJrmS wpf&ufuadk &yH;k (900)qG&J w,fqw dk m b,fvrdk rS jzpfEidk b f ;l ? rif;aoao
csmcsm jyefpOf;pm;yg? trSwrf mS ;wmaum rjzpfEidk b f ;l vm;? yH;k (900)avmufq&GJ &ifumG / aoukerf mS ayg?h
yH;k (400)avmufq&dk if jzpfEidk af o;w,f ”
“usaemft h aeeJ@ 'Da&mufuwnf;u a&udk yifyifyef;yef; qGv J m&wm tckxyd gy?J ud, k wf idk v
f nf;
aoaocsmcsm rSwx f m;wmyg ”
“a&qGw J ,fqw dk muvnf; rif;wdk@tusO;f om;awGo;Hk zdk@yrJ [kwv f m;/ aemuf+yD;rif;wdk@ 5(n)awG
csn;f yJ qGcJ idk ;f wmvm;/ tjcm;&mZ0wfra_ wGaum ygao;vm; ”
 “ a&qGaJ vbmudk usaemfwdk@5(n)awGcsn;f yJ taqmifwidk ;f rSm qG&J wmyg? &mZ0wfr_ tusO;f om;
awGu jypf'%fusro S m a&qG'J %f(1)ywf/ (2)ywfq+dk yD; cswmyg? wpfcgwpfav jypf'%ftusO;f om;u
wpfa,muf/ ESpaf ,mufy&J ySd gw,f? 'gah =umifh usaemfwdk@udk jypf'%ftjzpf a&qGcJ idk ;f wmvdk@ xifryd gw,f ”
“ aumif;+yD/ rif;tck wifjywJt h csuaf wGudk igwdk@txufudk wifjyay;r,f/ rif;wdk@tckcsed u f p+yD;
a&rqG&J atmif igwdk@ajymay;cJrh ,f? rif;yxru xrif;r0wke;f u rif;ajymwJt h wdik ;f 'dk@uvdu k af vsm+yD;
rSww f rf;wifcw Jh ,f? 'Dwpfcg igwdk@ut dk jyeftvSef vdu k af vsmwJt h aeeJ@ rif;ajymwJh a&qG&J wJyh ;Hk ta&
twGuu f wtm;rsm;aew,f? &kyv f nf;ysuw f ,f? txufudk rif;ajymwJh twdik ;f wifjy&if ,H=k unfrmS
r[kwb f ;l ? tJ'aD wmh a&yH;k (400) wpfae@q&GJ ygw,fvdk@ rif;uxGuq f adk y;/ [kwv f m; ”
“ usaemfu, dk w f idk f wpfae@udk a&yH;k (900)udk aeylyu l su J srJ mS qG&J wm jzpfwma=umifh a&yH;k (400)vdk@
vdrv f nfrxGuq f Edk idk yf gb;l ”
“ 'Dvv dk yk u f mG / rif;udv k rd v f nfxu G q f zdk dk@ igwdk@wu dk w f eG ;f aewm r[kwyf gb;l ? rif;wdk@vnf;
repfem&atmif/ igwdk@vnf; txufudk wifjywJt h cgrmS jzpfEidk af cs&aSd tmif &kyyf suq f if;ysuf rjzpfatmif
wpfa,mufeJ@wpfa,muf =unfzh dk@ajymwmyg? rif;tckxu G q f wdk Jh xGuq f cdk surf mS a&yH;k (500)yJq&GJ w,fvdk@
'dk@uv dk ufrw S x
f ;dk ay;zdk@/ 'dk@tzGJ@taeeJ@ oD;oef@ rSwpf x k uG q f cdk suq f +dk yD; rif;ajymwJh yH;k (900)udt k aotcsm
rSw+f yD; vl}uD;awGeJ@ awG@wt Jh cgrmS wifjyay;r,f/ b,fvv dk J ”
“ usaemftaeeJ@ wpfcrk S rvdu k af vsmEdik yf gb;l ? usaemfwu,fq&GJ wJh a&yH;k (900)udk pm&Guaf y:rSm
&du
k Ef ySd rf S usaemhv f ufrw S f xd;k ay;Edik rf mS yg? axmifyidk }f uD;wdk@ taeeJ@ usaemf&h x Jh u G q
f cdk suaf wGudk oHo,
&Sw
d ,f qd&k if/ jzpfEidk af csr&Sb d ;l qd&k if usaemfx h u G q f cdk suaf wGudk &yfp+J yD; a&qGaJ vbmuswJh tusO;f om;
aemufwpfa,mufudk ac:,lar;jref;Edik yf gw,f? olwdk@uadk r;vnf; usaemfajymwJh ta&twGuf wdik ;f yJajym
rSmyg/ 'gawG[m }udKwifprD x H m;vdk@ &wmr[kwyf gb;l ”
'DtcgrmS awmh ppfaq;a&;tzGu Jh bmrSjyefrar;awmhyJ jynfaxmifrLS ;u vufEySd pf uf p&du k vf u dk yf g
awmhw,f? OD;jrifo h ed ;f u ar;cGe;f udk jyefpar;ygw,f?
“ o&ufaxmifrmS a&qGzJ ;l ygovm; ”
“ usaemftif;pdeaf xmifu ajymif;vmuwnf;u (1)aqmifa&qGt J vkyu f swJh oljzpfygw,f ”
“ wpfae@udk a&b,favmufq&GJ vJ ”
“ a&*gv(H 20)0if yH;k eJ@ wpfae@udk a&yH;k (900)qG&J ygw,f ”
“ a&qGw J t Jh cgrmS tjcm;tusO;f om;awG ygovm;/ 5(n)tr_awGcsn;f yJ cdik ;f wmvm; ”
“ 5(n)tr_awGcsn;f yJ cdik ;f wmyg? tjcm;tusO;f om;awGudk jypf'%fjzpfrS cdik ;f wmyg ”
“ a&qG&J wJt h cgrmS yifyef;ovm; ”
“ usaemfa&qG&J mrSm yifyef;vGe;f vdk@ aq;&Ho k dk@ wufa&mufuo k cH&zl;ygw,f ”
“ eJeyJ g;yg;awmh yifyef;rSmaygu h mG / rif;wdk@tvkyrf vkyyf J b,fou l xrif; tvum;au|;rSmvJ?
rif;wdk@udk ppfc&Hk ;Hk utrdef@csuwnf;u tvky=f urf;eJ@axmif'%f owfrw S x f m;wm r[kwv f m; ”
“ [kwyf gw,f/ usaemfwdk@ucdk idk ;f wJh tvkyu f awmfawmfyifyef;ygw,f? xrif;vnf; 0atmifr
au|;awmh tm[m&csKd ŒwJ+h yD; tvkyyf ifyef;wJ'h %fudk rcHEidk yf gb;l ”
“ axmifxrJ mS jypf'%fjzpf&if t&du k cf &H r,f/ jypf'%frjzpf&if t&du k rf cH&bl;qdw k m [kwo f vm; ”
'Dar;cGe;f [m usaemfu h dk yxruwnf;u ar;wJah r;cGe;f jzpfygw,f? 'Dar;cGe;f udk ajzzdk@ usaemfrodw/Jh
usaemfr&Si;f wJt h csut f csKd Œudk ar;jref;cGijfh yKzdk@ awmif;qdv k u dk yf gw,f? tJ'guawmh axmifxrJ mS &Sw d pJh nf;
urf;awGeJ@ ywfouf+yD; jypf'%fay;yHu k dk r&Si;f vif;vdk@ ar;jref;wmawGyjJ zpfygw,f?
( pum;csy?f ? axmifxu J adk &mufvmwJh tusO;f om;awGxrJ mS &oif&h xdu k w f Jh tcGit fh a&;awG
qH;k &_;H &wmeJ@ywfouf+yD; axmifOya'eJ@tnD Edik if aH &;r_rsm;[m wpfpu dk rf wfrwfawmif;qdw k ifjy=uygw,f?
wpfcgu tif;pdeaf xmifrmS Edik if aH &;tusO;f orm;wpfa,muf[m axmiftm%mydik af wG&Jh bufvu dk rf a_ wGudk
rauseyfvdk@ tusO;f axmifvufpGJ Oya'(Burma jail munual) eJ@rudu k n f b D ;l ajymqdyk gw,f?
tJ't D cgrmS axmiftm%mydik af wGu aeprf;ygO;D / rif;u tusO;f om;vufpOGJ ya'(Burma jail manual)
qdwk mudk b,favmufem;vnfvdk@v?J &Si;f prf;ygO;D ajym+yD; tusO;f axmifvufpOGJ ya' (Burma jail
manual) pmtkyu f adk y;+yD; &Si;f vif;csuf xkwyf gw,f?
trSew f u,fawmh ,ckvuf&Sd usaemfwdk@Eidk if u H tusO;f axmifawGrmS toH;k jyKaewJh tusO;f
axmifvufpGJ Oya'(Burma jail manual) [m udv k edk t
D pd;k & vufxufuwnf;u t*Fvyd af wG
jyXmef;xm;wJh Oya'jzpfygw,f? +Adwo d #tpd;k &vufxufuwnf;u a&;qGx J m;wJah xmifOya'udk jrefrm
tpd;k &tqufqufu jyifqifwnf;jzwf+yD; jrefrmh[ef axmifOya'vufpjGJ yKvkyx f m;wmjzpfygw,f?
pmtkyv f ;Hk udk t*Fvyd v f dk a&;om;xm;wmjzpf+yD; jyifqifwnf;jzwfwt Jh ydik ;f rSm Oyrmtm;jzifh udv k edk D
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tzGJ@udk ar;jref;cJyh gw,f?
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axmifrLS ;}uD; OD;jrifOh ;D ud, k w f ikd of &d rSd ,fvdk@ xifygw,f? tusO;f axmifvufpGJ Oya'(Burma jail
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Oya'trdef@ (54)ckwdk@&ySd gw,f? tusO;f om;awGvu dk ef m&r,fh tyd'k x f rJ mS yg0ifwJh tcsuaf wGu
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tjyifzufudk oGeyf pfvu dk w f u Jh pd P tJ't D r_ao;ao;av;udk ac:,lq;Hk r aqG;aEG;+yD; owday;vdu k &f if/
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t&du k cf H &r,fqw dk t Jh csuu f dk usaemfv;Hk 0vufrcHEidk yf gb;l ”
“ uJ. . .aumif;+yD/ rif;vufrcHb;l qd&k ifvnf; 'Dtcsuu f dk igw@dk o;D jcm;rSwx f m;ay;r,f? 'D tpD
tpOfrmS awmh rxnfah wmhb;l ? ppfaq;wmudk tqH;k owfr,f ”
ajym+yD;wmeJ@ wpf+ydKufeuf om,m0wDaxmifyidk }f uD; OD;jrifo h ed ;f u vufrw S x f ;dk ygw,f? ppfaq;cH
&olae&mrSm usaemfu h dk vufrw S x
f ;dk cdik ;f +yD; usaemf&Jh oufaoxGuq f cdk suu f dk tqH;k owfvu dk yf gw,f?
ppfaq;r_;+yD;wJt h csed u f naeapmif;aeyg+yD? axmifyidk t f cef;xJu usaemfxu G v f mawmh usaemfu h dk
taqmifu ac:vmwJh OD;at;v_id ef J@ axmifr;_ OD;ausm&f eSd w f dk@u usaemfu h dk axmifA;l 0uae axmif0ifpmcef;
udk ac:+yD; }udr;f armif;qJqydk gawmhw,f? OD;at;v_id u f
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jy\emwufawmhwmyJ ”
OD;ausm&f eSd u f “rodb;l av/ axmifyidk u f 'Daumifav; at;w,fq+dk yD; a&G;wmyJ? yxr tqifajy
om;yJ? a[haumif/ rif;bmawG av#mufajymvdu k v f J”
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tckb,fvv dk yk rf vJ ”
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ajzvdu k +f yD; olwdk@a'gotifrwef xGuaf ewma=umifh bmrSxyf+yD;rajymawmhyJ tom+idrf aevdu k yf gw,f?
olwdk@awG tm;&atmifqq J +dk yD;rS usaemfu h dk taqmifjyefrydk@yJ wdu k yf w d v f u dk yf gw,f? usaemfrh mS tjypfr&Syd J
bmha=umifh wdu k yf w d w f mvJvdk@ axmifyidk w f ef;pDrmS wifjyawmh axmifyidk u f
“ rif;&Jv h +Hk cHKa&;t&aygh ”
vdk@ wH;k wdwjd yefajz+yD; usaemfu h dk aocsm=unfyh gw,f? +yD;rS
“ aevif;...'Daumifav;at;ygw,f atmufarhaewm/ tpG,af v;eJ yJ ”
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a&G;xkw+f yD; tjcm;oufomwJt h aqmifwiG ;f u tvkyb f w
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( tckcsed af wmh rajymwufawmhyg? usaemfaxmifuae vGwv f mwJh 1995xdawmh xrif;udk 00
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wifbmvY ppfwyfrS tm%modr;f csed w f iG f autef,l vGwaf jrmufe,fajrodk@ awmcdck w Jh ,f? 1988 'DZifbm
vwGif &efuek o f dk@wm0efjzifv h nf; a&mufvmcJo h nf? xdk@aemufAuorsm; tzGJ@csKyfwiG f yg0ifaqmif
&Gucf oJh nf?
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onfah emuf Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;a&;aumfrwDY wm0ef,cl o Jh nf?
1990 {+yDvwGif Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf (atmufArmjynf)udk zGJ@pnf;&mwGif OD;aqmifyg0ifco Jh nf?
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bmvY rH&k mG axmifodk@ xyfraH jymif;a&GΠcHc&Jh onf?
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wm0efxrf;aqmifco Jh nf? 1996 'DZifbmausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_wiG f OD;aqmifyg0ifco Jh jzifh ppftpd;k &.
vduk vf zH rf;qD;r_a=umifh 1997 Zefe0g&w D iG f xdik ;f -jrefrm e,fpyfodk@ xGuaf jy;wdr;f a&Smifco Jh nf?
 vl@abmifopf 'Dru dk &ufwpfygww D iG f A[dak umfrwD0iftjzpf wm0ef,cl o Jh nf? xdk@aemuf 1988
=o*kwv f wGif Auorsm;tzG@cJ sKyf Edik if jH cm;a&;&maumfrwDtm; pwifzGJ@&mYyg0ifc+Jh yD; vuf&w Sd m0efxrf;
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wdk@(3)cef;u vli,fawGcsn;f yJ?'ga=umifh tm%mydik af wGeJ@ xdyw f u
dk af wG@widk ;f usaemfwdk@eJ@csn;f yJ
t&ifawG@w,f?
wpfcgwek ;f uqdk nzuf}uD;rD;ysuw f t Jh csed f tdyaf qmifbm,mawGeJ@ usaemfwdk@tcef;uvli,fawG
jy\emwufc=Jh uw,f? axmifrmS xH;k pHu rD;ysu&f if tm;vH;k vSx J m;&w,f? tJ'n D rD;ysuaf wmh bm,m
awGu tm;vH;k udk vScJ idk ;f xm;w,f? acgi;f &if;cef;rSm tcef;vl}uD;eJ@ &mZ0wfom;tcsKd Œuxdik +f yD; pum;pk
ajymaewke;f yJ? usaemfwdk@awGvnf; xH;k pHtwdik ;f pum;pkajymaewke;f ayg?h onfntcsed rf mS bm,mawGu
wkwaf wGuidk +f yD; usaemfwdk@qD pkvm=uw,f? usaemfwdk@udk twif;vScJ idk ;f xm;w,f? usaemfwdk@xu J
OD;tdEMu(bke;f }uD;)u olajymwJh pum;udrk &yfyJ qufajymaew,f?
“ vScJ idk ;f &if tm;vH;k vScJ idk ;f ayg/h usKyfwdk@ucdk sn;f yJvmrajymeJ@ ”
&Jausmpf mG &Jh rmausmausmtoHudk tcef;vl}uD; bJO=um;oGm;w,f?
“ b,faumifvu J /G bm,mudck aH jymwm? ajymr&&if aqmfomaqmf ”
bJO&Jt h oHeJ@twl bm,mawGww k af wGjyif+yD; uyfvm=uw,f? w+ydKifeufrmS yJ pdwq f wfwJh
pnfo0l if; (awmifOuUvmy)uae 0dik ;f vnfrmS csxm;wJh ylyal EG;aEG; a&aEG;td;k udk aumufqv GJ u
dk w f ,f?
usaemfwdk@ wm;csed rf &ygb;l ? bm,mawGqu D dk a&aEG;td;k 0JomG ;w,f? bm,mawGaemufqw k +f yD; tcsed rf aSD &Smif
vduk Ef idk wf ,f? tcef;eH&u H x dk +d yD; yvwfpwpfa&aEG;td;k uGx J u
G o f mG ;w,f? a&aEG;awGviG pfh if+yD; wpfcef;vH;k udk
qlno H mG ;apw,f?
tcef;vl}uD;bJOuae nmoHay;+yD; ol@val wGeJ@ usaemfwdk@qaD jy;vmzdk@ }udK;pm;w,f? usaemfwdk@
tm;vH;k wpf+ydKifwnf;x+yD; jyefvnfwek f@jyefzdk@ jyifvu dk =f uw,f? 0efxrf;awG taqmiftwGi;f udk ajy;0if
vm=uw,f? +yD;awmh bm,mawGudk &du k zf dk@ trdef@ay;w,f? 'gayr,fh b,fou l rS usaemfwdk@qrD uyf&b J ;l ?
olwdk@vef@omG ;wmu usaemfwdk@csn;f r[kwaf wmhb;l ? usaemfwdk@et Jh wlwal ewJh autef,u l &JabmfawG/
88ta&;tcif;u vlowfre_ J@ ESp}f uD;us+yD; o&ufaxmifudk ajymif;cJ&h wJh &efuek af xmifu vlru dk af wGyg
usaemfwdk@zufrmS &Sad ew,fav?
usaemfwdk@udk wpfcck v k yk af wmhr,fqw dk meJ@ olwdk@uyg 0ifygawmhr,fqw dk J@oabmeJ@ olwdk@vnf;
x&yf =uygw,f? tJonfnu wpfnvH;k tcef;vl}uD;eJ@ bm,muwpfzuf/ usaemfwdk@uwpfzuf tcef;
xJrmS b,forl rS tdyyf J &efapmifae=uw,f? 0efxrf;awGuawmh tcef;tjyifuyJ apmif=h unfah ew,f?
olwdk@ujzpfvm&if tcef;vl}uD;tkypf u k dk ulnzD dk@ apmifah e=uwmyg? nzuftcef;zGi0fh ifvdk@ r&vdk@om tjyifu
ae=unfah ewmyg? neufyidk ;f rSm axmifr;_ OD;at;v_id v f m=unfw h ,f? reufr;dk vif;awmh rde;f a*s;vf&;Hk uae
emrnfpm&if;awG vmatmfw,f? rde;f a*s;vfaxmifr;_ qDudk tjrefvmzdk@ac:w,f? usaemf&,f/ AHw k &dk ,f/
pnfo0l if;eJ@ &Jausmpf mG wdk@ av;a,muf rde;f a*s;vfa&mufomG ;w,f? nzuf tjzpftysuu f dk ar;w,f?
ajym&&ifawmh etzaxmifwiG ;f yHpk H t&qd&k if usaemfwdk@zufu vH;k 0rSm;aew,f? tcef;vl}uD;
bmvkyv f yk f jyefajymcGiafh wmif&w Sd mrS r[kww f m? reufxrif;pm;csed t f xd usaemfwdk@udk xrif;pm;cGifh ray;
bl;? r=umrSrD mS o&ufaxmifu emrnf}uD; oH;k yd\cGaJ jcusi;f eJ@ a'gu}f uD;awGa&mufvmw,f? usaemf
wdk@tajctae raumif;awmhb;l qdw k m odvu dk &f +yD? onftcsed rf mS yJ pnfo0l if;u ol@t}uHudk ptaumif
txnfazmfawmhwmygy?J
“ axmifr;_ }uD;cifAsm/ usaemfwdk@udk ta&;r,lcifrmS usaemf&;Hk wif wifjyp&m&Syd gw,f ”
OD;at;v_id ef J@ OD;ausmq f ef;OD;wdk@&Jh rESp+f rdK@wJh rsuEf mS awGu pnfol@zufudk pk+yHKusvmw,f? tajzudk
awmifrapmifyh gb;lk ?
 “ usaemfwdk@taqmifrLS ; jrifOh ;D eJ@ tcef;vl}uD;bJOwdk@aygi;f +yD; usaemfw h dk@qu D olwdk@}udKuf
wJ*h smuiftuFsaD wmif;ygw,f? tJonftcsed t f em;rSm taqmifrLS ;jrifOh ;D &Jh vufaxmufuadk usmjf rifh
vnf;&Syd gw,f? tJ'gay;&if tvkyb f w k jf zKwfay;r,fvdk@ ajymygw,f? usaemfu ray;Edik b f ;l vdk@jiif;
vduk yf gw,f? onftcgrmS usaemfudk od=uao;wmayg/h igwdk@ciG x f aJ &mufvmvdk@uawmh taoyJ vdk@
ajymygw,f? nujzpfwu Jh pd u
P onftajctaeudk t+idK;xm;+yD; &ef&mS wmyg? usaemfwdk@udk ta&;,lovdk
taqmifrLS ;eJ@ tcef;vl}uD;udyk g wygwnf; ta&;,lay;yg ”
axmifrLS ;awG rsuv f ;Hk awmfawmfjyL;oGm;w,f? olwdk@0efxrf;yg yufoufaeawmh udik w f ,G &f
cufvm yH&k w,f? olwdk@csi;f tawmf=um}uD; pum;ajymae=uw,f? r=umrSD udak usmjf rifah &mufvmw,f?
udak usmjf rifu h dk olwdk@ar;ae=uw,f? udak usmjf rif@qw dk m 88 ta&;tcif;wke;f u axmifvrS ;f a&;olv#Kd awGudk
owfre_ J@ axmifusvmwmyg? 'gah =umifu h saemfwdk@zufrmS &Sw d ,fqw dk m wyftyfov d u dk wf ,f? r=umygb;l
a'guaf wG/ ajcusi;f awG jyeford ;f oGm;w,f? pnfow l pfa,mufuvG+J yD; usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k jyefvw G vf u dk w f ,f?
em&D0ufavmuf=um+yD; pnfot l cef;xJ jyef0ifvmw,f? atmifEidk w f t Jh +yHK;eJ@ayg?h ol@uadk xmifrLS ;u !Sd
vduk w f ,f? usaemfwdk@uv dk nf; ta&;r,lb;l / ol@0efxrf;udpu P v dk nf; arhxm;zdk@yg? onfae&mrSm omref
&mZ0wfom;wpfa,muftwGuf rvG,yf gb;l ? usaemfwdk@usawmh jyifyrD', D mawG/ jyifyEdik if aH &;todik ;f
t0dik ;f xd ayguEf idk w f mrdk@ a=uvnfatmif !Sv d u dk w f myg? &vm'fuawmh oufaoxGu&f wJh udak usmjf rifh
wpfa,mufudk axmifxrJ mS ae&maumif;vdk@ ajym&wJh rde;f a*s;vf&;Hk uae xkwv f u dk +f yD; tvky=f urf;jzpfwJh
a&qGu J dk a&GŒvdu k yf gw,f? aemuftaqmifrLS ;eJ@ axmifrLS ;awG usaemfwdk@udk yd+k idK;oGm;ygw,f? olwdk@+idK;wJh
vky&f yfu t&rf;udk odomvGe;f ygw,f? wpfcgwek ;f uvnf; axmifwiG ;f rSm xrif;r0wmudk usaemfwdk@
(4)aqmif(5)aqmifuae wifjyygw,f? tJonfn h aerSmyJ axmifwiG ;f xrif;yHpk (H 45)usyo f m;udk csed cf iG af wGeJ@
xd;k +yD; au|;ygawmhw,f? 'gah =umifh (9)em&D/ (10)em&DavmufrS xrif;pm;Edik yf gw,f? axmifrmS u xrif;udyk J
tm;xm;pm;&wmyg? (3)/ (4)&ufavmuf=umawmh xrif;r0wm wifjywJh usaemfwdk@trSm; jzpfvmygw,f?
aemuf=uawmh usaemfwdk@yJ vufavsmv h u dk yf gw,f?
aemufq;Hk tajctaeuawmh qyfjym yHpk w H ifjyr_ygy?J axmifwiG ;f rSm ta&jym;a&m*g/ 0rf;a&m*g
awGudk t"du umuG,&f wmu wpfu, dk af &oef@&iS ;f a&;jzpfygw,f? onfae&mrSmaxmifwiG ;f u yHrk eS x f w k f
ay;aewJh qyfjymudo k m tm;xm;ae&wmyg? jyifyrSm ukeaf ps;E_e;f }uD;rm;vmwmeJ@tr# tusO;f om;
awG&ydik cf iG fh ypPn;f awG[m jyifyudx k wk w f Jh arSmifcykd pPn;f awG jzpfuek yf gw,f? 'gah =umifh qyfjymyHpk aH wG[m
ao;ukeyf gw,f? 'gu(dk 4)aqmif Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awGuae OD;aqmif+yD; axmiftm%mydik af wGudk wifjycJh
ygw,f? 'gt h jyif axmifuxkwaf y;wJh qyfjymawGudk r,l=uawmhyJ jyefay;vdu k =f uygw,f? 'g[m
axmifwiG ;f qENjyjcif; wpfrsKd ;ygy?J aemufwpfae@ reufrmS awmh axmifveS f@+yD; 0efxrf;awGtrsm;}uD;
taqmifxu J dk 0ifvmygw,f?
aemuftm;vH;k udk wdu k u f dk a&GŒygawmhw,f? tJ'x D u J rS usaemf&,f/ AHw k &dk ,f/ udEk idk rf eG &f ,fudk
oD;oef@ac:+yD;(4)wdu k x f rJ mS wpfa,mufwpfcef;pD oD;jcm;xm;ygawmhw,f? aemufa&csKd ;eJ@ tjyifxu G cf iG u
fh dk
ydwv f u dk yf gawmhw,f? (3)&ufavmufrmS usaemf/ AHw k /dk udEk idk rf eG /f udjk rifph ef;/ udx k eG ;f xGe;f / udak rmifarmifjrif/h
ud&k (J ,if;rm)eJ@ zxD;tcsKd Œudk wpfO;D csi;f axmifyidk u f ac:awG@ygawmhw,f? usaemfu h adk c:awG@wJh tcsed rf mS awmh
ol@rsuEf mS awmfawmhudk wif;rmaeyg+yD?
Edik if aH &;orm;awGudk ykwcf wfajymqd+k yD; e0wavoHtwdik ;f yJ tzsuo f rm;awG/ axmifwiG ;f
qlyal &;orm;awGvdk@ ajymqdv k mygw,f? usaemfu h v dk nf; axmifwiG ;f qlyal tmif v_ŒH aqmfw,f/ pnf;&H;k a&;
vkyw f ,f qdw k Jh pGcJ suaf wGeJ@ pum;em xd;k awmhwmygy?J aemufrS usaemfu h dk ajymcGiafh y;ygw,f? usaemfu
awmh axmif0ifpmudp/P aq;0g;rsm;udpeP J@ axmif&m&Sif udpaP wGudk wifjyygw,f? usaemfwifjywmawG
rSw+f yD; vufrw S xf ;dk cdik ;f ygw,f?
“ *avmuf... *avmuf ”
 aomhcavmuf ppfoaH wGa=umifh tawG;pawGjywfomG ;w,f? wef;ydwaf e+yD;? r=umrSrD mS ajcusi;f
i,fwpfcsKd ΠAl;zuf,o l mG ;wmudk wdu k cf ef;0uae vSr;f jrifvu dk wf ,f?
“zd;k om;... awG@vm;/ b,fo h l@tvSnu fh srvJ rodb;l a[h ”
wpfzufcef;uae AHw k u dk ae vSr;f atmfajymw,f? usaemfwk@d xifwmuawmh usaemfw h dk@udk
ajcusi;f a'guaf wGcwf+yD;/ xkw&f u dk af wmhr,fvdk@ wGux f m;w,f? 0efxrf;awG ,leaD zmif;tjynfh v_y&f mS ;r_
awGyg awG@ae&+yD? b,fvydk aJ jymajym aoG;ylwek ;f u axmifyidk u f dk jyefcaH jymwmawG/ tm%m zDqefa&;
vkyw f mawGtwGuf aoG;at;vmawmh ausmcsr;f vmwmawmh trSeyf ?J xifovdyk gy?J r=umrSrD mS wku d xf u J dk
0efxrf;awGa&mufvmw,f?
“ om;!Gef@O;D / aZmfrif;(AHw k )dk / Edik rf eG .f .. xGurf ,f ”
0efxrf;wpfa,muf&Jh atmfoeH J@ aomhwo GJ aH wG[m usaemfyh wfvnfudk tajrSmS ufqH awGusvm
ovdk aqmufwnf&mr& jzpfomG ;apw,f? todudk jyefvnfppk nf;zdk@ }udK;pm;vdu k wf ,f?
“ t0wftpm;awGyg tukeo f ,fvmcJh ”
usaemfa00g;oGm;w,f? wdu k af jymif;rSmvm;/ taqmifajymif;rSmvm;? omreftjypfay;xkw&f u dk /f
a'gucf wfzdk@q&dk ifawmh t0wftpm;awGuydk g o,fcidk ;f avmufatmif onfaumifawG apwemrjynfw h m
trSe?f tajzu wjznf;jznf;ay:vmw,f? usaemfwdk@udk Al;0zufac:oGm;w,f? aemufA;l 0rSm yHpk t H jzL
awGvcJ idk ;f w,f? ajcusi;f cwfvu dk w f ,f? aemufwpfzufaqmifu udjk rifph ef;eJ@ udak rmifarmifjrifh wdk@a&muf
vmw,f? b,fvadk jymif;rvJqw dk m }udKajymavhr&Sw d ma=umifh usaemfwdk@vnf; rar;awmhygb;l ? aemufwpf
OD;csi;f vufrw S af wG xd;k cdik ;f w,f? wpfzufuv dk ufeJ@ ydw+f yD;uG,x f m;wm owdxm;rdw,f? tJonfnu
usaemfwdk@ o&ufaxmifuxGu+f yD; o&uftcsKyfrmS ntdy&f ygw,f? axmifjyifyudk ra&mufwm=umvdk@
t&omwpfrsKd ;ygy?J
tcGit fh a&;&wke;f qd+k yD; &Jtyk w f pfa,mufudk cGiafh wmif;+yD; ygvmwJah iGav;eJ@ tjyifpm;p&mawG
0,fcidk ;f w,f? tJonfnu o&uf+rdK@u vBu&f nfeJ@ prlqmpm;&if; ig;a,mufom; rSwrf w S &f & oDcsi;f
av;awG qdck =Jh uw,f?
“ vufrw S xf ;dk cdik ;f wke;f u igjrifvu dk w f m rdwv DW maxmifvdk@a&;xm;w,f ”
“ usaemfjrifwmuawmh rEWav;axmifygyJ ”
“ jrif;+cHvnf;jzpfEidk w f myJ ”
“ a&$bek ;f wke;f uawmh om,m0wDudk ajymif;vdu k w f ,f ”
b,faxmifuadk jymif;rvJqw dk m usaemfwdk@tcsi;f csi;f jiif;rd=uw,f? ae@vnfavmuf=uawmh
&Si;f vmw,f? usaemfwdk@udk atmifvaH c:oGm;w,f? aemuf jynf-rEWav;um;*dwu f dk ac:oGm;+yD; rEWav;
oGm;r,fu h m;rSm ae&m}udKajym+yD;oGm;+yDvdk@ &Jtyk w f pfa,mufu tJonfaxmufvrS ;f a&;udk ajymaewm
=um;vdu k &f w,f?
usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k rEWav;axmifajymif;r,fvdk@ wGux f m;vdu k =f uw,f? aemufaxmufvrS ;f a&;
ESpaf ,muf a&mufvm+yD; um;*dwrf mS yJ ud, k af &;&mZ0if rSwaf wmhwmygy?J olwdk@vnf; wpfygwnf;
vduk rf ,fyh aHk y:w,f? um;uae@vnf(12)em&DavmufrS qdu k rf mS qdak wmh um;*dwx f uJ vH+k cHKa&;pcef;rSm
usaemfwdk@udk xnfx h m;w,f? aps;onfawG/ c&D;onfawGtm;vH;k uawmh usaemfwdk@udk txl;pdw0f ifwpm;
=unfah e=uw,f? usaemfwdk@yu Hk vnf; wu,fu h &dk mZ0wfom;yHak wGvdk vkyx f m;cH&wmud;k ? vufxyd f
cwfxm;w,f/ ajcusi;f cwfxm;w,f? rwif;wdraf o;ygb;l ? usaemfwdk@u, dk uf dk oH}udK;awGywf+yD; tcsi;f csi;f
oG,x f m;w,f? &Jom;av;awGu usaemfwdk@txkyu f dk apmifah &Smufxm;ay;w,f? &Jom;av;awGyu Hk awmh
usaemfwdk@udk txl;pmem[ef&ySd gw,f? r=umygb;l ? usaemfwdk@qu D dk rvdik af wG/ rkef@awG/ pm;p&mawG
a&mufvmw,f? ab;uaps;onfawG/ c&D;onfawGay;=uwmwJ?h usaemfwdk@udk pum;awmhrajym&J=ubl;?
aemufro S &d wmu aps;onfwpfa,muf wd;k wd;k wdww f w d af r;vdk@ &Jom;wpfa,mufajzvdu k wf m ...
“ ausmif;om;awGreS ;f . . . odomG ;w,f ”
jynfoal wG[m b,favmufa=umufaeae/ usaemfwdk@tay: pmemem;vnf=uwm/ wwfEidk o f
avmuf cd;k 0Suaf xmufc=H uwm od&awmh &ifxrJ mS =unfE;l oGm;w,f? cyfvrS ;f vSr;f u rvdik af wGa&mif;aewJh
aps;onf tnmolr}uD;wpfa,mufeJ@ rsuv f ;Hk csi;f qHrk w d ,f? usaemfah &SŒurvdik t f ;dk ud=k unf+h yD; usaemforl udk
acgi;f ndwjf yrdw,f? rvdik o f nfta':}uD;u usaemfu h +dk yHK;jyygw,f? aemuforl rsu0f ef;xJrmS rsu&f nfp
awGvnfaewm owdxm;rdw,f? atmifvu H m;*dwu f tJonfae@u tjzpftysuaf wG[m usaemft h wGuf
wu,ftrSww f &ygy?J
pkwjf ywfEcHk smaewJjh ynfoal wG&Jh b0udk teD;uyf jrifvu dk &f wm[m usaemfwdk@twGuf pdwx f cd u
dk f
p&mjzpfovdk usaemfwdk@udk pmemaxmufcaH ew,fqw dk J@todu usaemfwdk@&ifudk ydek musiaf pw,f? vuf&Sd
usaemfwdk@u olwdk@a&SŒjrifuiG ;f rSm &efol@vufusaewJh oHk@yef;awGvdk &_;H edrafh eolawG jzpfaewmud;k ?
naeapmif;awmh tnm&Jh aqmiftat;'%fu um;xJtxd cd0k ifvmw,f? tnm&Jh emrnf}uD;
oJacsmif;awGujdk zwf+yD; jyifyurBm&Jh vGwv f yfrw _ pfpw Hk pf&mudk cyfaiG@aiG@av;&_&u _d rf wd ,f? udjk rifph ef;uae
cif0rf;&J“h {&m0wD” qdw k o Jh cD si;f av;udk pnnf;w,f? axmufvrS ;f a&;aum/ &JawGygusaemfwdk@udk
pmemwmvm;/ wm;&ifyq dk ;dk rSm a=umufvdk@vm;rodb;l ? bmrSrajymbl;? &Jtyk w f pfa,mufuawmh
c%c%idu k af ewJh a&SŒu&Judk vufa0S@+yD; vSr;f vSr;f owday;aew,f? aemufawmh idu k +f rJiudk af ewmeJ@
ol@qu D aoewfudk &Jtyk u f vSr;f odr;f vdu k w f ,f?
use&f o J m;awGtm;vH;k u usaemfwdk@udk ausmif;om;awGreS ;f odwmeJ@ owdxm;=uovd/k wav;
wpm;vnf;&S=d uw,f? usaemfuyJ cif0rf;&Jh “tar”qdw k o Jh cD si;f av;udk qufqw dk ,f? aum&yfpf
tyk'af &mufwikd ;f “igwdk@tm;vH;k &Jt h ar”vdk@qv dk u dk &f if udjk rifph ef;/ AHw k /dk udak rmifarmifjrifw h dk@u yg0ifqdk
=uw,f? udEk idk rf eG u f awmh idik af e&Smw,f? arSmif&o D ef;vmw,f? tnm&Jah qmif;udk &ke;f xGuaf ewJh
um;oH[m ydu k s,v f mw,f?
“ urBmra=ubl; ” qdw k aJh w;oGm;av;udk pmom;r&Gwyf J usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k wd;k wd;k av; nnf;
vdu k =f uw,f? a&SŒuaxmufvrS ;f a&;ESpaf ,muf&Jh trlt&mawG awmifah wmifw h if;wif;jzpfomG ;wm owd
xm;rdw,f? use&f o J m;awG tm;vH;k uawmh wdww f qdwyf J em;pGiafh erSe;f odomw,f? tarSmifxx k rJ mS
usaemfwdk@&@J &u _d o f aH wG ydw k ;dk oGm;w,f?
a&SŒrSm rauG;+rdK@&Jh rD;a&mifoo Jh u Jh dk jrifae&+yD;? 1300jynft h vkyo f rm;}uD;awG csw D ufvmwJh
vrf;a=umif;yJjzpfr,f? rauG;rSm“udAk [de;f ” tzrf;cHvu dk &f w,f? ordik ;f wGiw f Jh “rD;[ke;f [ke;f awmuf&r,f”
qdwk Jh udAk [de;f a[mcJw h Jh rauG;+rdK@[m usaemfwdk@t0ifrmS wdwq f w d af ew,f?
-----
a&eHacsmif;a&mufawmh a&eHacsmif;+rdK@t0ifrmS um;&yfw,f? npmpm;zdk@jyif&w,f? tcsed u f awmh
n(12)em&Dausmaf e+yD? qdik &f iS u f usaemfwdk@ujdk rifuwnf;u ausmif;om;awGreS ;f odvu dk yf &Hk w,f? qdik &f iS f
OD;av;eJ@ ta':}uD;uyfvm+yD;ar;w,f?
“ udak rmifarmif0rf; b,fvadk evJ? use;f rma&;aum aumif;&Jv h m; ”
udakd rmifarmif0rf;qdw k muawmh a&eHacsmif;om;/ ajrvwfyidk ;f ausmif;om; acgi;f aqmif
wpfO;D jzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@eJ@twlwl o&ufaxmifrmS aecJ&h w,f? qdik &f iS af wGuawmh usaemfwdk@udk
vdak vao;r&Sd *&kpu dk &f mS w,f? tusO;f om;qdw k *Jh %k yf 'k u f adk wmif arhomG ;w,f? &JawGtm;vH;k vJ olwdk@
ud, k of w l dk@ odrif ,fao;usKH ŒoGm;yH&k w,f? xrif;pm;csed rf mS usaemfwdk@udk oH}udK;awGajz+yD; vufxyd af wG
c%jzKwfay;xm;w,f? tm;vH;k pm;+yD; xGurf ,fjyifawmh &Jtyk u f aiG&iS ;f w,f?
“ onftpfuadk v;awGtwGuf usaemfwdk@ tcrJah u|;wmyg? r,lyg&apeJ@ ”
 vdk@qidk &f iS u f ajymw,f? usaemfwdk@uaus;Zl;wifa=umif; jyefajymcJw h ,f? trSeu f usaemfwdk@
qENuawmh ,lvu dk af pcsiw f mygy?J
----
reuftapm}uD;rSm rEWav;+rdK@uadk &mufw,f? wdu k wf u dk q
f idk q
f idk f 1993ckEpS cf &pfprwfpaf e@}uD;rSmyg?
tnm&Jah qmif;[m =urf;=urf;wrf;wrf;yJ usaemfwdk@uadk yG@zufw,f? um;ay:uqif;awmh ajcusi;f awG/
a'guaf wGeJ@qadk wmh vlawG0idk ;f =unfw h m cHvu dk &f ao;w,f? r=umrSD &Jpcef;wpfcak &SŒrSm usaemfwdk@udk
xdik cf idk ;f w,f? ygvmwJ&h t J yk u f olppfv, G tf wd x f u J pmtdw(f 5)tdwu f dk xkwv f u dk w
f ,f? tJonf txJu
rEWav;axmifqw dk Jh pmtdwu f dk zGiv fh u dk wf ,f?
“ jrifph ef;/ tbtrnf OD;aX;armif ”
usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k =uufaoaooGm;w,f?
“ usew f o Jh al wGu usaemfwdk@eJ@qufvu dk rf ,f ”
usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k tckrS Zmwf&nfvnfawmhw,f? udjk rifph ef;udk rEWav;wdik ;f &Jvuftyfvu dk wf ,f?
+yD;&if rEWav;axmifydk@r,fayg?h 'gqu dk saemfwdk@awGvnf; pmtdwaf wGtwdik ;f wpfa,mufwpfaxmifpq D wdk m
oabmayguv f u dk w f ,f? udjk rifph ef;udk 0dik ;f E_wq f ufw,f? use;f rma&;ud*k &kpu dk =f uzdk@/ tcsi;f csi;f tquf
toG,f rjywf=uzdk@ udjk rifph ef;urSmw,f? usaemf&h ifxrJ mS [mwmwm}uD; jzpfomG ;w,f? udjk rifph ef;t+yHK;u
tm;vH;k udk tm;ay;ESpo f rd w fh Jh t+yHK;rsKd ;? usaemfwdk@ tajctae qd;k vmrSe;f odawmh tm;vH;k rsuEf mS ysuf
aew,f? usaemfwdk@ujypf'%feJ@ axmifajymif;&wmav? jypf'%fwpfcek J@ tjcm;axmif0if&w,fqw dk m
tajctaeudk rcef@reS ;f Edik yf gb;l ? tckvdk wpfa,mufwpfupGJ q D adk wmh tm;i,frw d mtrSe?f
----
rEWav;uae a&$bt dk oGm; um;ay:rSm usaemf/ udak rmifarmifjrif/h udEk idk rf eG f oH;k a,mufpvH;k
wdwq f w d f aew,f? AHw k dk ( aZmfrif; ) uawmh ol@ab;u tr,ftw dk pfO;D udk bmawGajymjyaerSe;f rod?
&Jom;awGtm;vH;k uvnf; usaemfwdk@udk pmempGm tem;ay;xm;=uw,f? usaemfwdk@ txl;pd;k &draf ewmu
udak rmifarmifjrifh use;f rma&;udyk g? udak rmifarmifjrifrh mS tpmtdraf &m/ ESv;Hk a&m*gyg&w Sd ,f? txl;ojzifh
em;vnfEidk w f Jh tazmfaumif;aumif; vdw k mtrSe?f a&$badk xmifa&SΠum;qdu k af wmh tr,ft}dk uD;u id, k +dk yD;
AHw
k u dk dk ykw;D wpfu;Hk ay;w,f? bk&m;/ w&m;udk rarhzdk@ ajymw,f?
axmifem;u pm;aomufqidk w f pfcu k dk ac:oGm;+yD; usaemfwdk@udk xdik cf idk ;f w,f? a&$bpdk m tdwaf zmuf
awmh udak rmifarmifjrifh tvSnu fh sw,f? usaemfwdk@ tm;vH;k rsu&f nfvnfae+yD? use;f rm a&;raumif;vdk@
axmifyidk u f dk aoaocsmcsmtyfay;zdk@ &Jtyk u f dk usaemfwdk@ 0dik ;f ajym=uw,f? awmfawmf}uD; =umawmh
axmifuo dk mG ;tyfw&Jh t J yk ef J@ &Jom;wpfcsKd @ jyefa&mufvmw,f? txkyw f pfxyk f jyefygvmw,f? oGi;f cGirfh &vdk@
usaemfwdk@udk jyefay;vdu k w f ,fvdk@ajymw,f? txkyx f rJ mS ig;ajcmufxyk yf gw,f? aemuf udak rmifarmifjrifh
pD;xm;wJh zdeyfwpf&H ? olp;D oGm;wH;k utaumif;/ tckjyefygvmawmh zdeyfujywfae+yD? aemuf+yD; ajrr_ef@awG
vl;ayaew,f? &Jtyk rf suEf mS ysuaf ew,f?
“ ol@u&dk u dk af o;vm; ”
usaemfar;wmudk &Jtyk u f r=um;ovdk [efjyKw,f? &Jom;av;&J@rsuEf mS u 0efcx H m;ovd.k . ./
usaemfwdk@udk a&$bt dk csKyfudk ac:oGm;w,f? a&$badk xmifu +rdK@xrJ mS qdak wmh tcsKyfudk jrif;vSn;f iSm;oGm;
&w,f? tcsKyfa&mufawmh tcef;wpfcef;a&S@ ac:oGm;+yD; usaemfwdk@udk ppfaq;+yD; tcef;xJxnfw h ,f?
“ a[h . . .ajcusi;f oHv;Hk 0rxGuaf peJ@ ”
“ +yD;&ifxidk x f m; ”
“ a[haumif . . .toHrxGuef J@ vdk@ajymxm;w,f? ig . . . ”
 tcef;xJrmS vl&iS ;f aew,f? qlqn l n H t H oHawGu usaemfwdk@udk &nf&, G rf eS ;f odvu dk wf ,f?
=unfv h udk af wmh uyf&yfab;cef;u tcef;vl}uD;vdv k /dk vlru dk vf v dk dk yk*K~d vfawGu usaemfwdk@udk vuf+idK;
aiguaf igux f ;dk atmf[pfaew,f? a'gou txGËt f xdyu f dk a&mufomG ;w,f? udik x f m;wJh ajcusi;f wHawGudk
ajray: cyfjyif;jyif;jypfcsvu dk w f ,f?
“ 0ke;f ” ueJqw dk t Jh oHawG qlno H mG ;w,f? =unfv h udk af wmh AHw k u dk yg a'gow}uD; jzpfaewJyh Hk
awG@&w,f? pD;xm;wJzh ed yfuadk umuf+yD; wpfzufutcef;xJudk t&Sed jf yif;jyif; ypfviG v fh u dk wf ,f? tvm;wlyJ
AHwk u dk vnf; wpfzufudk zdeyfeJ@ayguw f ,f? udEk ikd rf eG u f awmh wke&f aD ew,f? usaemfwdk@ a'goawG tm;vH;k
onfvq l u D dk pkyo Hk mG ;w,f? vufeJ@xrd &awmh yg;pyfuae jyefqw J m pHo k mG ;w,f? &JawGajy;0if vmw,f?
usaemfwdk@udk vHjk cHKa&;,lxm;wJh &JawGa&m/ axmufvrS ;f a&;awGyg ajy;0ifvm=uw,f? usaemfwdk@udk
bmrSrajymbl;? wpfzufcef;udk qJq+dk yD; yHpk x H idk cf idk ;f w,f? wpfzufcef;u vlawGudk 0if&u dk w f ,f? onfawmhrS
usaemfwdk@ olwdk@udk jyefoem;oGm;w,f?
tdr=f uufawGb0av . . .
usaemfwdk@udk axmifra&mufcif vrf;rSmwpfcck jk zpfrmS udk tawmfp;dk &dryf &Hk w,f? vH;k 0udo k nf;cH
ae=uw,f? npmudk a&Gbt dk csKyfu au|;wmawmifray;yJ tjyifpmrSmau|;w,f? na&mufawmh naeu
usaemfwdk@udk ynmay;zdk@ }udK;pm;wJh wpfzufcef;u yk*K~d vf}uD;u oHwidk ef m;uyf+yD; usaemfwdk@udk jyefawmif;
yefw,f?
“ usaemfausmif;om;awGreS ;f rodvdk@ygAsm? &JbufjyefawGxif+yD; wm0eft& a[muf&wmyg ”
usaemfwdk@vnf; aAGr,lygb;l ? c&D;yrf;+yD; pdwn f pfvmvdk@ a'gotvG,f xGuo f mG ;a=umif;
jyefawmif;yefw,f? aemuf+yD; onfvdk b0wltusO;f om;tcsi;f csi;f ta=umif;r&Syd J 0efxrf;awGtvdu k s
ESyd pf uf!iS ;f yrf;wm rvkyzf dk@ owday;w,f? udEk idk rf eG u f awmh usaemfeJ@ AHw k u dk dk rSm&Smw,f?
“ rif;wdk@EpS af umifu pdwu f dk t&rf;jrefw,f? olrsm;e,fajrrSm owdxm;ygumG ? aemufaxmif
awGa&muf&ifvnf; qifjcifO;D ? tck[mu wdk@awGuwpfaumifwnf;awGqD jzpfuek +f yD ”
tJonfn h uawmh tnm&Jh taiG@toufawGtm;vH;k aysmufq;Hk ukew f ,f? -----

aemufwpfae@ a&$bu dk ae rH&k mG udx k u

G w
f ,f? anmifyif0ef;rSm c%em;+yD; tpmpm;w,f?
rkef@[if;cg;pm;csiw f meJ@ rkef@[if;cg;rSmpm;w,f? aemufr&Hk mG ukd qufxu G wf ,f? rSwrf w S &f & anmifyif0ef;
iSuaf ysmoD;wef; qdik w f pfqidk uf ae usaemfwdk@udk iSuaf ysmoD;awG ay;vdu k wf ,f? rH&k mG ra&mufcifrmS ab;u
&Jom;wpfa,mufu olvnf;ausmif;om;ygvdk@ajymw,f? pmay;pm,l wwd,ESpw f ?Jh usaemfwdk@tay:
pmemwJo h auFwwpfcyk v J dk@ usaemfem;vnfw,f? rH&k mG +rdK@a&mufawmh rH&k mG axmifpmtdwaf zmufw,f?
aygurf u J usaemf . . .
usaemfu h &dk t
J yk u
f axmifvu dk yf dk@w,f? AHw
k edk J@ udEk idk rf eG u
f dk tjcm;&Jom;awGet Jh wl um;*dwrf mS
xm;cJw h ,f? rH&k mG axmif0ifw,f qd&k ifyJ ukvm;qifaxmifrLS ;wpfa,muf xdik af ewmudk awG@w,f?
“ !Gecf sKyf&;Hk u pmydk@xm;wJh ( 5 ) a,mufxu J wpfa,mufvm;? om;!$ef@O;D ”
olwdk@u }udKodaew,f? usaemfudk zdeyfc|wcf idk ;f w,f? txkyaf wGtm;vH;k ud+k zJqw k +f yD; ajr}uD;ay:
yHck svu
dk w f ,f? t0wfawGtm;vH;k udk eif;ajcqkw+f zJw,f?
“ a[haumif . . . yHpk x H idk af vuGm/ rif;tjypfawG rif;odw,fr[kwv f m;? igwdk@axmifrmS awmh
vH;k 0r&bl;rSw?f a[haumif bmidik af ewmvJ ”
tawmf=umtxd usaemfiidk af ew,f? +yD;cJw h v Jh rf;ay:u vlawG&J@ t=unfu h o dk wd&w,f? um;
ay:u &_cif;av;awGudk wrf;wrdw,f? anmifyif0ef;u rkef@qidk af v;udk ajy;jrifw,f? aemufo&ufaxmifu
usecf wJh &Jh aJ bmfawGeJ@ rH&k mG um;*dwrf mS usecf w Jh Jh &Jabmf ( 2 ) OD;/ rEWav;eJ@ a&$brdk mS usecf w
Jh Jh &Jabmf ( 2 )
OD;udk owd&rdw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfwpfa,mufwnf; jzpfomG ;+yDqw dk m odvudk w
f ,f?
“ xdik f . . qdw
k mr&bl;vm;uGm ”
ausmjyifudk jyif;xefwt Jh &Sed w f pfck &kww f &uf aqmifu h svmw,f? emusi&f rSe;f rodcifrmS a&S@u
axmifrLS ;&Jh ppfzed yf=um;xJudk wpfu, kd vf ;Hk ypfusomG ;w,f?
axmifqw dk mukd jyefowd&w,f?

tcef;(13)
(u)

axmifwiG ;f owif;pm twdt

k xGm
o&ufaxmifrmS reufr;dk vif;&if qefjyKwfaomufzdk@twGuf qefjyKwfwef;pD&ygw,f? +yD;wJt h cgusrS
ud,k qfh idk &f mqdik &f mtvkyu f dk vky&f ygw,f? tvkyt f m;&ifusaemfeJ@ pufrw _ uUov dk af usmif;om; udek D
(ausmEf idk rf if;)wdk@ ESpaf ,mufaygi;f +yD; owif;pm zwf=uygw,f?
owif;pmzwf&w,fqadk wmh axmifxrJ mS tqifajyaumif; ajy=uw,fvdk@xif oGm;Edik yf gw,f?
r[kwyf gb;l ? usaemfwdk@ zwfwo Jh wif;pmu 'Dvydk g? axmifxu J axmif0ifpmrSm oGi;f ,lvmwJh aq;aygv h yd f
awGuadk omuf+yD; usew f tJh wdak wGudk vdu k af umufygw,f? tJ'v D adk umuf&wJh zifpcD t H ydik ;f awGudk pk+yD;
a&ZvHw k pfcrk mS pdrx f m;vdu k yf gw,f? enf;enf;=umwJt h cg=urS aq;aygv h yd f zifpcD t H wGi;f u owif;pm
puULydik ;f av;awGudk zwf&ygw,f? 'g[mw&m;0if zwf&wJh axmifxu J owif;pmyg? tJ'D owif;pm&Guf
twdt k xGmav;awGudk txifawmhrao;vdu k yf geJ@?
wpf}udrw f ek ;f u e0wac:,lwJh trsKd ;om;nDvmcH}uD;&Jh tajccHr(l 6)csupf vH;k udk tJ't D ydik ;f
tpav;awGxu J wdwu d suszwfvu dk &f vdk@ Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awGtm;vH;k odc&Jh w,f? tJ't D ajccHryl gwJh
aemufq;Hk tcsujf zpfwJh . . .
“ tem*wfEidk if aH wmfrmS wyfrawmfu tcef;u¾w&yf taejzifh OD;aqmifyg0ifEidk af &; ”
qdw k t Jh csuf wpfcsuw f nf;eJ@ trsKd ;om;nDvmcH}uD;[m twkta,mify/J ppfwyftvdu k s ujy&r,fh
nDvmcHyq J wdk m axmifxrJ mS wif odvu dk =f uygw,f?
tJ'o D wif;pmtwdak v;uyJ ukvor*~u, dk pf m;vS,af wG jrefrmjynfvma&muf pHpk rf;wJh
owif;rsKd ;awG zwf&ovd/k aqmif;yg;wdk@/ ema&;wdk@ [dw k pfyidk ;f jywf/ 'Dwpfyidk ;f jywfowif;av;awGudk aq;aygh
vdyaf pmfeH =um;rSzwf&wm t&omwpfrsKd ;&Sv d yS gw,f?
trsKd ;om;nDvmcH}uD; tjyifrmS +cdrf@+cdrf@oJ usi;f yaewJt h cgrmS usaemfwdk@5(n)awG&Jh axmif0ifpm
awGudk tup 0efxrf;awGapmif=h uyf&rHk uyJ axmufvrS ;f a&;awGyga&muf&v Sd mygw,f? axmifxrJ mS Edik if aH &;
eJ@ oufqidk w f Jh ae@x;l ae@jrwfawGa&muf&if usaemfwdk@xufy+dk yD; axmiftm%mydik af wGu wav;wpm;
todtrSwjf yKwJt h aeeJ@ axmifveS f@wwfygw,f? nzufq&dk if ud, k t fh cef;xJrmS ud, k f xrif;pm;0dik ;f av;
awGp+k yD;/ a&aEG;aomuf&if; pum;pjrnf ajym=uygw,f? wpfcgwpfavudn k Kd (pma&;q&m-nDyak v;) q&mr
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G af wGudk pum;0dik ;f wwf
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aevdk@ rkew f idk ;f uif;wJah e@) rsKd ;awGrmS yJ &awmif&h cJ &wmjzpfygw,f? wpfcsKd @usawmhvnf;
ud, k t fh yd ,
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tusO;f om;opfudk axmifyidk f ppfaq;aewJt h csed rf mS axmifus&;Hk u t&m&Su d ar;cGe;f awGar;+yD;
tusO;f om;u tuFDscsw G +f yD; ajz&ygw,f? axmifeyH wfwdk@/ emrnfwdk@ar;+yD; tdraf xmif&v Sd m;qd&k if
&S&d if“&S”d vdk@ wpfv;kH wnf; ajz&ygw,f? &Syd gw,fvdk@ oGm;ajzrd&ifawmh ausmjyifuadk jAmwifc&H rSm
aocsmygw,f? tdraf xmif&v Sd dk@ ajz+yD;&if om;wpfa,muf/ orD;ESpaf ,muf&w Sd ,f qd&k ifvnf; “&S/d
om;wpfa,muf/ orD;wpfa,muf ”wdw k jdk ywfjywfyJ ajz&ygw,f?
pmwwfovm;vdk@ar;&if “wwf”/ rwuf&if“rwwf”vdk@ajym&ygw,f? wpfcgu tusO;f om;
wpfa,mufu ol@udk pmwwfovm;vdk@ar;awmh “wwf”vdk@rajzyJ “r$w”f vdk@ajzvdu k wf ,f? tm;vH;k u
0dik ;f &,faewke;f ebef;wpfcsuf tkycf v H u dk &f w,f? olar;awmh olu pmudak &;wwfzwfwwf&rHk [kwyf J
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tpmvnf;pm;/ av;oHvnf; em;axmifqo dk vdk rde;f a*s;vfuatmfwJh yHpk t H oHuedk m;axmif+yD; yHpk x H idk f
&ygw,f? yHpk o H =H um;vdk@ rxdik rf &d ifawmh ajcusi;f a'guaf wG a&mufvmEdik yf gw,f? rde;f a*s;vfrmS wHcg;apmifh
wJh &mZ0wftusO;f om; wpfa,muf&+Sd yD; ol@toHu aumif;jcif;ig;jzm jynfph aHk vmufatmifudk
toHus,u f s,f atmfEidk yf gw,f?
ol@emrnfu 'g;aygujf zpf+yD olyg;pyf+zJvu dk &f if a&jrif;eJ@wyl gw,f? toHus,u f s,f atmfEidk w f m
a=umifh axmifyidk u f oabmus+yD; 'g;ayguu f dk wcg;apmifch ef@xm;ygw,f? 'g;ayguu f yHpk aH tmf&if
toHo;Hk rsKd ;eJ@atmf&ygw,f? olatmfwt Jh oHudk em;axmif+yD; rde;f a*sv;f rSm b,fov l mw,fqw dk m
r=unfyh eJ J@ odEidk yf gw,f? yHpk u H dk toHtus,}f uD;eJ@ =um=umav; qG+J yD;atmf&if axmifyidk }f uD;
vmwmjzpfygw,f? yHpk u H t dk oHus,af tmif atmfayr,fh =umatmifrqGyJ aJ tmf&if axmifyidk af v; vmwm
jzpf+yD; yHpk v H dk@ wdwk w dk w k wf w k af tmf&if axmifr;_ vmwm jzpfygw,f?

( c ) udt k u dk uf dk aoqH;k r_
tif;pdeaf xmiftwGi;f rSm usaemfwdk@ aecJ&h pOfw;Hk u vlwpfa,muf&J@toufudk zuf&u G f yrmawmif
oabmrxm;yJ owfjzwfra_ wGudk trsm;}uD; }uHKcJ&h zl;ygw,f? tcko&ufaxmif twGi;f rSmvnf;
tusO;f om;awG&J@ touftEW&m,f xdcu dk cf w
Jh Jh ta=umif;awG &Sad eyg ao;w,f?
o&ufaxmifrmS axmifq&m0ef a':aqGaqG0if;qdw k Jh trsKd ;orD; q&m0efwpfa,muf &Syd gw,f?
1991 ckEpS u f ae 1993 txd o&ufrmS wm0efxrf;aqmifcyJh gw,f? tif;pdef axmifu vlowfq&m0ef
pd;k =unfeJ@ rwlwmawG&ySd gw,f? a'guw f ma':aqGaqG0if;[m a'guw f mpd;k =unfavmuf axmiftwGi;f
vkyyf idk cf iG fh tm%m bmrSr&Syd gb;l ? axmiftwGi;f t&m&mudk axmifyidk af omif;!$ef@u xde;f csKyfuyG u f aJ ewm
jzpfygw,f? tm;vH;k u aomif;!$ef@ udk a=umuf&GH@ae&wm jzpfygw,f?
a':aqGaqG0if;[m vlowfq&m0ef pd;k =unfvdk ,kwrf mwJph w d xf m;rsKd ;r&Syd J oabm xm;jynf0h wJh
q&m0efaumif;wpfa,muf jzpfygw,f? 1993 ckEpS rf mS a'guw f ma':aqGaqG0if;[m o&ufaxmif
q&m0eftjzpfuae xGu+f yD; usr;f rma&;0ef}uD;Xme 0efxrf;tjzpf wm0ef ajymif;vkyu f idk o f mG ;ygw,f?
a':aqGaqG0if; r&Sw d Jh aemufyidk ;f rSm usaemfwdk@ o&ufaxmifrmS q&m0efr&Syd J aq;rSL;apmxGe;f atmif=unfeJ@
ausmjf rifq h w dk Jh tup 0efxrf;ESpaf ,mufeJ@yJ ESpyf g;oGm;&ygawmhw,f? axmifucef@xm;wJh aq;rSL;qdw k m
aq;0g;ta=umif;b,favmuf em;vnfovJ rajymwwfygb;l ? ta=umaq;wpfv;Hk udak wmif ajzmifah jzmifh
wef;wef; avsmavsm&_&_ rxd;k wwfygb;l ?
aq;rSL;tultaeeJ@ ab;uaeygvmwufwJh “ bp ”awGuyJ aq;xd;k wJt h cgrmS u|r;f usirf _
&Syd gw,f? 'gawGuo dk x d m;wJh tusO;f om;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u a&m*gjzpf&if aq;rSL;eJ@ rjy&JyJ
axmif0ifpmuydk@wJh aomufaq;av;awGeJh ukoae&ygw,f? axmifrmS uvnf; aq;0g;pHpk v Hk ifvifr&Sv d dk@
wpfcgwpfav axmifrLS ;awGu, dk w f idk f tusO;f om;awGqu D vmvm awmif;wwfygao;w,f? 'Dvadk q;0g;
vdt k yfre_ J@ ukor_csKd @ww Jh mawGudk axmiftm%mydik af wGu aygah ygw h efwefyJ oabmxm;+yD; v#pv f sL&_
aeygw,?f
usaemfwdk@ tif;pdeaf xmifu ajymif;vmwJh Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;xJu vkyo f m;aum vdyrf mS
jrefrmpmt"dueJ@ wwd,ESpw f ufaewJh ausmif;om;wpfa,mufjzpfwJh udt k udk uf dk wpfa,muf&ySd gw,f?
ol[m 1990 jynfEh pS u f ppfc&Hk ;Hk uae ol@ut dk vky=f urf;eJh axmif'%f ( 3 )ESpcf scyJh gw,f?
udt k u dk u f [ dk m touf ( 30) aeayrJh ol@cE<mud, k f tcsKd ;tpm;u yky! k yS ! f yS af v;jzpf+yD;
Aduk u f av;ylyel J@ uav;wpfa,mufvydk pHk rH dk@ axmifxrJ mS ol@uv dk w l idk ;f u cspcf ifEpS o f uf=uygw,f? 1993-
1994 =um;umvrSm udt k u dk u f w dk pfa,muf omrmef&;dk &d;k aeraumif;jzpfygw,f? aeraumif;wm &uf=um
vmwmeJ@tr# tzsm;uyHrk eS w f ;dk vm+yD; wdu k zf KdG ufjzpfcsiw f Jh vuQ%mrsKd ;awG awG@jrifvm&ygw,f?
taqmifuwrHwvif;u at;pufaewma=umifh aq;&Hrk mS aEG;aEG;axG;axG;&Sv d dk@ aq;&Hw k ufzdk@
vdw k ,fvdk@ aq;rSL;uajymygw,f?
axmifxu J aq;&Hq k w dk m emrnfom&S+d yD; ukwifEpS v f ;Hk wnf;eJ@ jzpfygw,f? bmaq;0g;rS &Sw d mvnf;
r[kwyf gb;l ? taqmifurS bmyJajymajym ta&;qdk vkyaf zmfuidk zf ufawG&J@ ulnt D m;ay;r_ awG&Edik yf gw,f?
'gayrJh aq;rSL;u aq;&Hw k ufcidk ;f aewmqdak wmh jiif;qdv k dk@ aemufyidk ;f wpfcck jk zpf&if tjypfjzpfrmS pd;k wma=umifh
udt k udk u
f dk aq;&Hw k ufzdk@ qH;k jzwfvu dk f ygw,f?
udt k u dk u f w dk pfa,muf axmifaq;&Hak &mufomG ;ayr,fh bmrSx;l xl;jcm; ajymif;vJra_ wG
rawG@&ygb;l ? usew f Jh ( 5 )nawGuvnf; udt k udk uf t dk wGuf vdt k yfwaJh q;0g;awG/ aiGa=u; awGudk ay;=u
ygw,f? aq;rSL;u
“ bmrSrpd;k &dref J@? tckxad wmh a&m*g&mS vdk@rawG@ao;bl;? aq;ajymif;+yD; wpfcck si;f wpfcck si;f
prf;oyf+yD; wdu k af ew,f” vdk@ ajymygw,f? udt k u dk uf u kd awmh aq;&Hw k ufae&wm =umaeayr,fh
a&m*gx;l xl;jcm;jcm; aysmufomG ;wmr[kwv f dk@ taqmifurdk =umcif jyefqif;vmr,fvdk@ ajymygw,f?
aemufut dk u dk u f u dk dk tjyifaq;&ku H dk xkwo f mG ;w,f vdk@o&d ygw,f? tup0efxrf;awGu
taqmifrmS usecf w Jh Jh udt k u dk u f &dk J@t0wftpm;awGudk vmawmif;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@awGu pdwyf +l yD;
ar;jref;=uawmh “ bmrSrjzpfygb;l ? tajctaeaumif;ygw,f? xl;&ifajymr,f ” vdk@ajym+yD; tjzpfreS u f dk
zH;k uG,=f uygw,f?
trSeu f awmh axmifaq;&Hu k ae tjyifaq;&Hu k x dk w k w f t Jh csed rf mS udt k udk uf &dk J@ tajctae[m
tifrwefq;dk &Gm;ae+yD; axmifA;l 0rSmwif toufaysmufae+yDvdk@ od&ygw,f? aq;&Hrk mS &Sw d Jh 5( n
)awGajymjycsut f & udt k udk u f dk udak q;&Hu k ae tjyifxw k af wmh tom;awGraJ e+yD; jidro f ufaewmudk
awG@&w,fvdk@ ajymygw,f? aemufwpf&ufrmS axmifyidk f eJ@axmifrLS ;awGu 5( n ) awGtm;vH;k ud(k 1 )
aqmif ( 2 ) cef;rSm wef;pD pkcidk ;f xm;+yD;
“ olwdk@taeeJh udt k u dk u f &dk J@ toufudk twufEikd q f ;Hk vk,}l udK;pm;cJah yr,fh a&m*gtajctaeu
u|r;f aevdk@/ a&m*guOD;oGm;vdk@ aq;&Hrk mS yJ aoqH;k oGm;ygw,f ” vdk@ ra&r&m ajymygw,f? usaemfwdk@awGu
bma&m*geJ@ qH;k wmvJvdk@ar;awmh q&m0efawGvnf; cGpJ w d +f yD; a&m*g&mS azGaeygw,f? &SmawG@&ifajymygr,f
vdk@tajzjyefay;ygw,f? aemufawmh
“ rif;wdk@oil ,fcsi;f &J@ aemufq;Hk psmyeudk rif;wdk@ b,fvv dk yk af pcsiv f ?J igwdk@ twwfEidk q f ;Hk
vkyaf y;ygr,f? axmifxrJ mS awmh bmrSrvky&f bl; ”
usaemfwdk@xu J wpfa,mufu
“ usaemfwdk@ psmyevdu k yf dk@vdk@ &rvm; ” vdk@ar;awmh
“ 'gawmhrjzpfEidk yf gb;l ? 'Djyifh tusO;f om;qd&k if 'dk@vyk af y;vdk@&w,f? rif;wdk@u 5( n ) awGjzpfvdk@
tjyifxw k zf dk@ cufcyJ gw,f? 'gayr,fh 'dk@tusO;f OD;pD;Xmeu 0efxrf;awG/ rdom;pkawGvu dk yf dk@rmS yg? aemuf+yD;
tduk u f &dk rJh o d m;pkuv dk nf; ta=umif;=um;xm;w,f? olwdk@a&mufvm&ifvnf;
tavmif;udb k ,fvv dk yk cf siv f q J wdk m 'dk@widk yf if& OD;rSmyg? ckcsed x f ad wmh tdu k u f w dk dk@ tdru f
a&mufrvmao;ygb;l ”
'geJ@yJ udt k u dk u f &dk J@ psmyetwGuf axmifxu J usaemfwkd@ Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awG pkaygi;f aiGxnf+h yD;
yef;acG/ ,yfawmif/ uefawmhyaGJ wGjyKvky+f yD; tokbvmolawGudk azsm&f nfwu dk w f mawG/ tkw*f al jryHk
aqmufvyk w f mawGudk axmifyidk ef ! Jh +Sd yD; jyKvky=f uygw,f? axmifrLS ; OD;at;vdi_ u f
“ ol@a&m*gu arG;xm;wm=um+yD? tckrS r&_Eidk /f ru,fEidk jf zpfwm ” vdk@ajymygw,f? usaemfwdk@
vufvrS ;f rSo D avmufppHk rf;=unfah wmh aq;&Hu k 5( n ) awG&J@ ajymjycsut f & aq;rSL;u aq;xd;k ay;t+yD;rSm
0ke;f 0ke;f 'dik ;f 'dik ;f eJ@ udt k u dk uf dk udt k jyifaq;&Hk xkwzf dk@ppD Of=ua=umif;/ tJ'v D pdk pD Of&mrSm axmiftjyifrmS
wm0ef,al pmifah y;r,fh &J0efxrf; r&Sad o;wma=umifh apmifah e&a=umif;/ &efuek u f tusO;f OD;pD;Xme !$ecf sKyfxH
ta=umif;=um;&jcif;/ o&ufe,fajrcHaxmufvrS ;f a&;xH cGijfh yKcsuaf wmif;cH&jcif;/ axmifjyifxw k ,
f cl iG fh
awmif;cHae&jcif;awG &Sad eao;a=umif;/ tJ'v D t dk csed af wG r=umoifyh =J um+yD;rS udt k u dk u f dk udt k jyif aq;&Ho k dk@
xkw, f o l mG ;wm jzpfa=umif; od&ygw,f?
trSeu f awmh udt k udk uf dk &J@tavmif;udk axmifxu J ae tjyifudk xkw, f o l mG ; wmjzpfygw,f?
axmifaq;&Hu k xGuv f muwnf;u udt k udk u f w dk pfa,muf toufr&Sad wmhyg? axmifxu J ae tjyifudk
vmbfx;dk +yD; vG,v f ifw h ul oGm;ae=uolawG&o Sd vd/k tcsKd @qdk rEWav; txdomG ;wJo h al wG&ySd gw,f? tckvdk
aoa&;&Siaf &;udprP mS awmh axmiftjyifxw k zf dk@ cufcyJ gw,f vdk@jzpfvmygw,f? raooifyh J aoqH;k cJw h Jh
olawG/ a&wdref pfco Jh al wG trsm;}uD;/ trsm;}uD;. . . ?
axmifrLS ;awGu em;vnfre_ J@ cGijfh yKvdk@ udt k udk u
f t dk wGuf &nfp;l +yD; ( 1 ) aqmif ( 3 ) cef;rSmyJ
axmifwiG ;f &Sd oHCmawmfawGudk yifzh w d +f yD; qGr;f oGww f &m;emwmudk jyvkyyf gw,f? OD;Zif;OD;tmp&eJ@
q&mawmf yÀ0Ho ( OD;jynfausmf ) wdk@u “ t0dZm… ypP,m ”ocFg& w&m;tp&Sw d Jh rwnfjrJwt Jh a=umif;
w&m;awmfrsm; a[m=um;+yD; udt k u dk u f dk udk &nfp;l qGr;f oGwcf yJh gw,f?
autef,u l ae axmifusvmwJh u&iftrsKd ;om; zxD;}uD;awGuvnf; c&pf,mef w&m;awmfeJ@
tnD 0wfjyKqkawmif;yGjJ yKvky+f yD; uG,v f eG o f t l wGuf &nfp;l +yD; "rRaw;oDcsi;f udk oDqydk gw,f?
“ td+k idr;f zG,&f m » » » jrwfr*Fvm » » »
igjyKrlwidk ;f » » » igomG ;av&m » » »
ocifa,&_ » » » apmifx h ed ;f r_av » » »
vuf&;Hk awmfyif » » » igv h ufuidk af y » » »
( ydk@aqmifawmfral om aus;Zl;&Sif » » » ydk@aqmifryl g » » » umvtpOf» » » opPm&Spd mG » » »
aemufawmfvu dk rf nf » » » ydk@aqmifawmfral oma=umifah ywnf; » » » )
r=umrjrifh » » » igwdk@rsm;onf » » »
aojcif;jrpfurf; » » » ulprd afh omiSm » » »
ydk@aqmift&Sif » » » a,&_u, dk pf m; » » » ”
 wdwq f wd f at;csr;f vSwJh "rRaw;oDcsi;f oHawG=um;rSm qkawmif;yGv J molawG rsu&f nfawG pD;us
vm=uw,f? rsu&f nfawG . . .? udt k u
dk uf t dk wGuf 0rf;enf;wJrh su&f nf/ *k%, f w l Jh rsu&f nf/
em=unf;wJrh su&f nfawG . . . ? udt k u dk uf &dk J@ psmyetcrf;tem;yGaJ v;rSm usaemf wdk@wawG oH"Xd mefwpfck
+rJ+rJ+rH+rH csvu dk =f uygw,f?
“ jrefrmjynf 'Dru dk a&pD awmfveS af &;twGuf axmifwiG ;f rSm toufay;oGm;wJh &Jabmftu dk u
f dk
twGuf usaemfwdk@tm;udk ESpq f wd;k +yD; jrefrmjynf'rD u kd a&pD r&rcsi;f qufvuf wdu k yf 0GJ ifomG ;=ur,f ”
usaemfwdk@udk axmiftm%mydik af wG vdu k af vsmr_awG jyKvkyaf ecJah yr,fh udt k udk u f dk aoqH;k &wm
aoG;&d;k om;&d;k r[kwb f ;l qdw
k m usaemfwdk@oyd gw,f? r&d;k om;r_awG trsm;}uD;&S+d yD; oHo,awG
useaf ecJyh gw,f? udt k u dk u
f dk aoqH;k &wJah &m*gudk odciG rfh ay;wm/ t&ifusaemf wdk@awGeJh twlwal epOfwek ;f u
udt k u dk u
f rdk mS a&m*g}uD;}uD;us,u f s,rf &Scd w Jh m/ +yD;awmhol@rmS bma&m*grS rjzpfcw Jh m . . . ? bmyJjzpfjzpf
o&ufaxmiftm%mydik af wG&J@ aygah vsm rh a_ =umifh usaemfwdk@&Jh &JabmfwpfO;D raooifyh J aoqH;k cJw h ,f?
=u,fwpfyiG fh taºuGapmcJw h ,f? e0w&J@ vl@tcGit fh a&;csKd ;azmufra_ wGa=umifh Edik if aH &;
tusO;f orm;awG axmifwiG af oqH;k &wmawG trsm;}uD;&Syd gw,f?
,H=k unfcsuaf =umifh wdu k yf 0GJ if&if; tnw&ausmif;om;av; udt
k u dk u f wdk pfa,muf
o&ufaxmifrmS e0w&Jh vlrqefwv Jh yk &f yfawGa=umifh trSew f u,fudk aoqH;k cJyh g+yD? e0w ppftyk pf &k J@
vl@tcGit fh a&;csKd ;azmufra_ wG&Jh oufaocHwpfct k aeeJh jrefrmjynftv,fyidk ;f u o&ufaxmifrmS
udt k u dk uf &dk J@ tkw*f u l av;u oufaojyaeygw,f?
&Jabmftu dk u f dk aumif;&mok*wdvm;ygap . . .

tcef;(14)
(u)

&Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; acgif;jzwfowfr_
usaemfo&ufaxmifrmS aecJ&h pOf aemufyidk ;f wav#mufv;Hk q&m0efr&Syd J aecJ&h ygw,f? udt k udk uf dk
aoqH;k oGm;+yD; aemufyidk ;f rSm aemufxyftoufq;Hk &_;H cJw h Jh wpfO;D uawmh OD;Zif; ODtmpm&yJ jzpfygw,f?
OD;Zif;tmp&[m &efuek +f rdK@ bke;f }uD;vrf; o&ufawmausmif;wdu k xf u J em&Dpif ausmif;wdu k u f
&[ef;wpfyg;jzpfygw,f? ywWeu d Zk e… uHaqmifra_ =umifh axmif'%f(7)ESpu f sccH w
Jh Jh oHCmawmf jzpfygw,f?
1988 ckEpS u f a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk tykycf sxm;wJh pmawGeJ@ vufeuftcsKd @uidk af qmifxm;wJh
Adv
k }f uD;pnfow l dk@tzGJ@udk vufy;l vuf=uyfzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJ+h yD; acgi;f jzwfowfc&H r,fah b;u u,fwifcw Jh Jh
&J&aJ wmuf oHCmawmfwpfyg;jzpf+yD; &efuek w f idk ;f &[ef;ysKd or*~uvnf; jzpfygw,f?
Advk }f uD;pnfoel J@ axmufvrS ;f a&;tcsKd @udk xde;f odr;f xm;pOf trSw(f 4)ppfa'ou
Adv
k rf ;_ vif;armifu, dk wf idk f ppfum;awG/ ppftajrSmufum;awGeJ@ a&mufvm+yD; olwdk@val wGudk jyefvw $ af y;zdk@
OD;Zif;qD awmif;qdck yJh gw,f? OD;Zif;tmp&u urBmat;u Edik if aH wmfoC H mr[mem,utzGJ@u wqifh
Adv
k }f uD;pnfoel J@ axmufvrS ;f a&;tygt0ifawGudk tEW&m,fuif;pGmeJ@ Adv k rf ;_ vGe;f armif(,ck-etz
0ef}uD;csKyf&;Hk 0ef}uD;)udk v$aJ jymif;ay;cJyh gw,f?
1990 jynfEh pS u f sawmh OD;Zif;OD;tmp&udk axmufvrS ;f a&;u zrf;qD;ac:aqmif oGm;ygw,f?
ppfa=uma&;pcef;udk a&mufawmh Adv k }f uD;pnfou l “ rif;r[kwv f m; ta&;tcif;wke;f u igu h dk vkyx
f m; wm
”qd+k yD; uvJph m;acswt Jh aeeJ@ !Si;f yrf;ESyd pf ufra_ wGudk jyKvkyyf gw,f? OD;yO…i;f [m axmifxrJ mS use;f rm a&;
vdu k pf m;jcif;/ t*Fvyd pf mayrsm; avhvmjcif;wdk@ jyKvkycf yJh gw,f? OD;yO…i;f &Jh cE<mud, k f taetxm;[m
awmifw h if; vSy+yD; oefrmxGm;}udKif;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ axmifuvGw+f yD;wJah emufyidk ;f rSm OD;yO…i;f wpf
a,muf axmiftwGi;f ysv H eG af wmfro l mG ;w,fvdk@ odvu dk &f ygw,f? 'Dowif;=um;awmh usaemf r,H=k unf
Edik af tmifudk jzpfomG ;ygw,f? udt k u dk u f dk aoqH;k cJw h yJh rHk sKd ;yJvm;vdk@ usaemf ajy;jrifa,mifryd gao; w,f?
usaemfxyfajymcsiw f Jh tcsuw f pfcu k awmh o&ufaxmifrmS jzpfymG ;cJw h Jh &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; acgi;f jzwf
owfr_ ta=umif;yJ jzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@ o&uf axmifxrJ mS xrif; [if;csu&f zdk@ zd}k uD;xJrmS wm0efcH
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"e&Sif » » » t&if;&Sirf sm; » » » tjrpfygwu dk yf pfrnf » » » vlwef;aphtcGit fh a&;r&or#onf» » »
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igwdk@ausmif;om;awGonf » » » igwdk@ausmif;om;awGonf » » » u|eyf nma&;pepfudk rvdv k m;+yD
» » » ocifynma&;pepfom » » » 'dk@awGvv dk m;onf » » » 'dk@tcGit fh a&; 'dk@omwdu k rf nf » » » rkcs » »
» atmifyo GJ rd ;f cHrnf » » »
oydw»f » » oydwf » » » arSmuf » » » arSmuf
rD;wkwf » » » rD;wkwf » » » &_d@» » » &_d@
ocifrsKd ;a[h » » » 'dk@Arm
udv k edk yD nma&; » » » tvdrk &Sd
u|eyf nma&; » » » tvdrk &Sd
ta&;awmfyHk » » » atmif&rnf

Armjynf uGejf rLepfygwD ppfcsDaw;

jynfol@wyfrawmf csw D ufc+Jh yD » » » jynfol@twGuf OD;xdyyf efqif » » » toufudk bmrxD » »

»uGejf rLepfygwD 'dk@rsm;a&S@aqmif » » » armfpw D ek ;f tawG;tac: » » » atmifvH » » » v$ix fh u l mwduk rf nf
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awm/ awmif/ jrpf/ acsmif; » » » rd;k a&xJqD » » » csw D ufvdk@ wdu
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f ;dk um » » » wpf[ek f xd;k pD;ypfrnf » » »
&_avmhppfonf » » » a&S@wef;uppfonf » » » *sed ;f azm/ ucsi/f rGe/f &cdik /f &Sr;f pHn k D» » »
vlrsKd ;pHck sp=f unf » » » 'dk@Armjynf » » » r=umrD » » » vGwaf jrmufaprnf » » » v,form;awG
v,fyidk &f rnf » » » tvkyo f rm;awGtm%m&rnf » » » tzdEydS rf cH+yD » » » tcs,t f vS,rf cH+yD » »
»wGe;f vSecf +Jh yD » » » aºuG;a=umfjyefygonf » » » jynfol@wyfrawmf » » » csw D ufvmyg+yD» » »

&Jabmfoed ;f =unf

( u|e;f wdu k yf 0GJ if&if; usq;Hk oGm;aom &Jabmfoed ;f =unftm; *k%jf yKpyfqx dk m;onfh oDcsi;f jzpfygonf?)
odk@ » » » cspv f pS mG aom» » » &Jabmfoed ;f =unf » » » &efoal e0if;&J@ » » » vlrqefwJh
!Si;f yrf;r_udk » » » wGe;f vSe+f zdKzsuf » » » wdu k cf u
dk &f if;eJ@ atmifjrifpmG » » » toufupdk aw;cJo h nf » »
» oifEh v S ;Hk om;onf » » » vSo H mG ;vdx
k ufjruf » » » oHr%d"g;vdk rma=umvSonf » » »
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f D»
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b0rSeu f efyjD yifvo
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48 pdw"f mwfeJ@tnD » » » ao&J » » » owf&J » » » tEdik , f &l o
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qufwu dk =f uvdk@ rSmcJjh yefygonf » » »oifZh o GJ wWad tmifveH D » » » igwdk@qufvufvi$ x fh rl nf » » »
&efou l dk urBmra=upwrf;a[h » » » wdu k cf u
dk af csre_ ;f okwo f ifrnf » » » u|e;f &dik ;f ajrrSm
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Adv
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Hk dk a&;om;pyfqx dk m;onfh oDcsi;f jzpfygonf? tqdyk gocD si;f tm; tqdak wmfarvS+rdKifrS
oDqcdk oJh nfah w;oDcsi;f jzpfygonf? Adv
k &f o
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jynfol@vw $ af wmfa&S@ ( ,ck- jynfol@&ifjyifae&m ) jzpfygonf? )

» » » xl;jrwfwpJh XH meD » » » vGwv f yfwAJh rmjynf » » » ru|wt f pOf » » » v$wo f bif » » »

qifEc$J h+J yD » » » obifyGJ » » » oJnpH nf » » » Armh[efa&; » » » a&S;xH;k rysuaf tmif » » »
r&d;k pnfarmif; » » » jidrafh nmif;a0a0pnf » » »
( pnfawmfoH )
» » » rif;aygi;f pHpk n
Hk D » » » Adv k &f o
_ bif crf;rqD » » » v#r;f y}udik v f i_d af 0pnf » » »
Edik if aH wmforRwºuGcsD » » » atmifvaH wmfudk » » » tav;jyK&rnf » » » Adv k &f o
_ bifqif,ifwt Jh cgrSD »
» » =unf;a&av ppforD;ruse&f » » » Armhwyfrawmf pkpH n Hk D » » » cswD ufumyJ » » » tav;jyK
=u&onf? ? ?
» » »vmvmacs+yD » » » ysKd @cspOf ;D &J@ » » » xl;wJZh menf» » » wyfrawmf atmifppfonf » » »
rSe;f qwJo h al wGvnf; » » » olvnf;ygacs+yD » » » ndKndKrJrh Jh » » » oJon J pH D » » » aºuG;a=umfae=uonf
» » » rSe;f qwJo h al wGxJ » » » olvnf;ygacs+yD » » » yk0gjzLav; a0S@um,rf;rnf » » » armifuvnf;
arhuadk wG@+yD » » » aruvnf; armifu h adk wG@+yD » » » tm;ay;aºuG;a=umfo+H ydKifnD » » » v$wo f bifyGJ » »
» qifEc$J gawmfrSD » » »

+idr;csrf
f;csrf;a&;

» » » urBmvlreS o f r# » » » ESpjf zmwl}uHq » » » trSeyf » » » yef=um;rSm » » » ppfqo dk nfrmS

» » »tE_wv f uQ%m » » » +idr;f csr;f a&;om taygi;f vuQ%m» » » a&yrm » » » avyrm » » »
vGwvf w
G v
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tiftm;jzifv h nf; » » » tEdik u f sirfh u_ dk » » » tqH;k owfapcsiw f m » » » Ekid if t H csi;f csi;f
yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G af &;om» » » raES;um » » » ay;ygenf;vrf;&SmazGyg » » »
*sKd ;jzL » » » *sKd ;jzL » » » tqifq h ifu h v l dk@ » » » ( 0Jum » » » 0Jum )4 » » » urBmvlreS o f r# »
» » &efrc&Sm » » » ta&;qdzk efcg » » » aw;qdw k w H sm » » » t%kjrLAH;k ydwyf pfyg » » »
t%kjrLAH;k ydwyf pfyg » » » ppfurdk vdyk g » » » ppfurdk vdyk g » » » +idr;f csr;f a&;om » » » taygi;f vuQ%m »
»»
» » » +idr;f csr;f a&;om&&if » » » 'dk@aysm&f i$ rf mS » » » apwDyx k ;dk rsm;eJ@ » » » ausmif;uefZ&yfom
» » » a=omf » » » +idr;f csr;f a&;om&&if » » » 'dk@aysm&f i$ rf mS » » » apwDyx k ;dk rsm;eJ@ » » »
ausmif;uefZ&yfom » » »pdr;f vef;a0qm » » » a&$ya'om » » » v,fvyk o f w
l idk ;f v,fyidk rf mS » » »
tvky&f /Hk puf&Hk qlnpH mG » » » wluadk y; » » » wHpOfuakd y; » » » vlo;Hk ypPn;f cdik +f rD;ayg&m » » »
xkwv f yk af erSm» » » a&$ya'om » » » acwfuv dk nf; » » » a&muf&rSm » » » yef;cs+D yHK; » » » yef;yk+yHK; »
» » oligtm;vH;k +yHK;=urSm » » » tcgu}dk udKvifzh dk@&m » » » vm » » »vm» » » ta&;qd=k u » » »
ta&;qd=k u » » » t%kjrLAH;k ydwyf pfyg » » » ppfurdk vdyk g » » » ppfurdk vdyk g » » » ( +idr;f csr;f a&;om )2 »
» » ay;um » » » ay;=uyg » » »
ppfjzpfvm+yD » » » qdrk jS zifu h m » » » rdcifwuGJ » » » om;wuGeJ J@ » » » aoyG0J if&mS » » »
ta&miftaoG;rcGjJ cm;yg » » » bmomra&G;em » » » aoG;acsmif;pD;wJu h rBmtESH@ tjym;rSm » » » tvky&f Hk
» » » puf&Hk » » » v,f,mudik ;f u|e;f » » » rD;avmifu|r;f &&Sm » » » jymwdtv$r;f » » »
pm=unfch ef;awGvnf; » » » csw d yf w
d q f w
d +f idrpf mG » » » yef;csD yef;ykrjyKjyifyg » » » uavmifidk » » » pkwif dk
» » » apmif;tdv k nf;idk » » » trsKd ;om;zsuw f Jh tqdwAf ;Hk eJh » » » tqH;k owfv=dk uwJh » » » ppf0g'aD wGyg
» » » rcspyf g+yDoifu h odk m » » » rcspyf g+yDoifu h o dk m » » » vm » » » vm» » » ta&;qd=k u » » »
ta&;qd=k u » » » ( t%kjrLAH;k » » » ydwyf pfyg ) 2 » » » ppfurdk vdyk g » » »ppfurdk vdyk g » » »
+idr;f csr;f a&;om » » » taygi;f vuQ%m » » »

tcef;(15)

wGzJ ufaxmifow H idk =f um;u

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f ;Hk '%f&mAvyGEiS fh
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“ armifbek ;f ”
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tpm;taomufawG tqifajyzdk@ usaemfw@kd (1)aqmifu 0dik ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay;wmudk
pxl;apmeJ@/ udx k ;l vG,w f dk@u usaemfw@kd ukd tjrifr=unf jzpfaeygw,f? +yD;awmh . . .
“ usaemfcifAsm;wdk@ ( 5 )nawGeJh twlwl xrif;rpm;bl;? usaemfw@kd zmom oD;oef@aer,f ”
vdk@ usaemfwdk@udk a'gow}uD; ajymygw,f? +yD;awmhxyf+yD; . . .
“ usaemfwdk@ wdu k x f rJ mS qufraeEdik af wmhb;l ? (10 ) ESp&f +Sd yD aevmwm? qufraeEkid af wmhb;l ?
cifAsm;wdk@ usKyfux dk ifcsio f vdk xifEidk w f ,f? usKyfcifAsm;wdk@eJh twlwrl aebl; ”vd@k ajymygw,f?
usew f zJh xD;awGu tjcm;xrif;pm;0dik ;f u axmif0ifpmvmolawGeJ@ wG+J yD;xm;vdk@
tqifajyoGm;cJw h ,f? ud+k idr;f csr;f wd@k xrif;pm;0dik ;f rSm Adv k o f ef;vS/ udw k ifjrifeh J@ usaemfw@kd 0idk ;f rSm
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tefu,fvOf ;D atmifjrif0h if;wdk@ 0dik ;f rSm zxD;avmt,fvw f dk@ tqifajyajy jzpfae=uayr,fh
zxD;pxl;aqmeJ@ udx k ;l vG,w f dk@u olw@kd ajymxm;wJt h wdik ;f oD;jcm;aeygw,f? usaemfwdk@u
oGm;+yD; acsmah rmhajzmif;jz ajymqdak yr,fh zxD;pxl;aqmu a'guefaeygao;w,f?
usaemfwdk@u zxD;pxl;aqmajymwJu h pd eP @J yufouf+yD; pdwt f aESmuft,Suf rjzpfro d vdk
zxD;wdk@udk em;vnfcyJh gw,f? usaemfu ydv k @kd awmif cspcf ifryd gao;w,f? olw@kd &ifxrJ mS
t&Su d t dk &St d wdik ;f yGiyfh iG v fh if;vif;}uD;ajymwwfvdk@ pxl;aqmwkd@&J@ pdw"f mwf&;dk om;r_udk
rsujf rifcpH m;em;vnfygw,f? &efuek t f if;pdeaf xmifrmS }udK;wdu
k ef J@ u|e;f wdu k af wGrmS
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aecJ&h wJw h u dk af wGvdk omrmefr[kwyf gb;l ? oHwcH g;wpfxyf/ opfom;wHcg;wpfxyfeJ@
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use;f rma&;csKd @,iG ;f pGmeJ@ yifyef;qif;&J}uD;pGm aecJ&h olawGyg?
oHajcusi;f eJ@ (10)ESpaf ecJ&h vdk@ olwdk@&J@ajcusi;f 0wfawGrmS oHpm;vdk@ ajcaxmufawG
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aemufwpfcu k KNUrSm vufeufuidk +f yD; toufupkd eG @f wdu k yf 0JG ifvmcJo h al wG qdak wmh
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aemufyidk ;f pxl;aqmu t*Fvyd o f cD si;f / Hym book awGxu J oDcsi;f awGqw dk maumif;vdk@
usaemfwdk@u vdu k q f /dk vdu k o f if&if;eJ@ &if;ES;D oGm;ygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@ axmif0ifpm
vm&ifvnf; pm;aomufz, G &f mawGukd zxD;wd@k qD oGm;ydk@ay;wwfygw,f? wpfcgwpfcgvnf;
usaemfwdk@qrD mS i&kwo f ;D r_ef@ vmawmif;wwfygw,f? aemufoyd rf =umygb;l ? usaemfwdk@
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wpfcgwpfcgaxmifxrJ mS awmif,mu&vmwJh t&Gupf rd ;f udv k ;SD +yD;/ i&kwo f ;D r_ef@/ tcsKd r_ef@/
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jyifwek ;f yJ &Syd gao;w,f? pdwrf &Snaf wmhwhJ zxD;awGu axmifiydudk yJ[if;&nfe@J azsm+f yD;/
i&kwo f ;D r_ef@eJ@ ususee e,fzwfpm;aomufaeESihf =uygawmhw,f? xrif;wpfyef;uefawmif
ukeaf eyg+yD? usaemfu . . .
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vdk@jyefajzw,f? +yD;awmht&Guo f w k ef @J aemufwpfyef;uef xyfpm;=uygawmhw,f?
usaemfaxmifxrJ mS aexdik rf aumif;&if pm;zdk@q+dk yD; tdru f axmif0ifpmuae xnfah y;wufwJh
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yHyh ;dk r_awG tm;vH;k aygi;f +yD; axmifxrJ mS u&ifEpS o f pfu;l / c&pfawmfarG;ae@ tcgor,/
c&pfprwfpaf e@/ ESpo f pfu;l ae@awGrmS usaemfwdk@ Ekid if aH &;tusO;f orm;awGtjyif
&mZ0wftusO;f om;awGyg yg0ifap+yD; usaemfwdk@ trSw(f 1)tdyaf qmifrmS usi;f y
jyKvkyEf ikd cf yJh gw,f?
o&uftusO;f axmifwiG ;f "rRaw;oDcsi;f oHawG/ c&pfprwfpaf w;oHawG ysH@viG afh pcJyh gw,f?
zxD;wdk@u c&pfprwfpf qkawmif;yGrJ mS "rRusr;f pmtkyu f udk idk +f yD; v_u d v f SpJ mG qkawmif;=uw,f?
+yD;awmh zxD;awGu olwdk@axmifusvmcJw h hJ umvwpfavsmufv;Hk 'Dvw dk pfcgrS tcrf;tem;
rvkyEf ikd cf b Jh ;l ? cifAsm;aus;Zl;a=umifyh ?J 'Dae@awGa&mufwidk ;f cifAsm;udk owd&aerSmvdk@
usaemfu h adk jymygw,f? u&ifEpS o f pfu;l ae@uv kd nf; jyKvkycf =Jh uygao;w,f? reufyidk ;f rSm
axmifrLS ;eJ@ em;vnfr&_ ,l+yD; tvHwif/ tav;jyKtcrf;tem;udk jyKvkycf yJh gw,f?
“ a[wm,l;a&mhq;l . . . xD;aumfaemfw&m ”
“ ,l;a&mh ”
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f =l urSmyJ ”
usaemfu zxD;wkd@udk azsmif;zsygw,f? usaemfwdk@xrif;pm;0dik ;f rSm u&iftrsKd ;om;
(4)a,muf&ySd gw,f? usaemft h rd u
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olwdk@awGudk b,foal wG=unf&h =_ urvJv@kd pdwyf rl yd gw,f? 'gayr,fh zxD;wdk@u usaemfu h dk
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usaemfaxmifu vGww f aJh e@rmS pxl;aqmu rsu&f nfav;prf;prf;eJ@ usaemfu h Edk w
_ q f ufygw,f?
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'gt h jyif olwu dk x
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Jh wGuf tEl;t!Gwf
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rarhEidk af tmif awmif;yefaeygawmhw,f? usaemfu zxD;wdk@udk em;vnf+yD;om;rdk@
awmif;yefp&m rvdyk gb;l zxD;&,fvdk@ jyefajymvdu k yf gw,f?
olwdk@tm;vH;k udk usaemf E_wq f ufvu dk yf gw,f? olw@kd awG[m usaemf&h J@ axmifwiG ;f
rdbawGqv dk nf; rrSm;ygb;l vdk@ usaemfvufcx H m;ygw,f? olwdk@awG[m &d;k om;w,f?
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wdik ;f &if;om;awGeJ@ jyefrqHEk ikd af o;ygb;l ? usaemf olwdk@udk tusO;f axmifawGqu D jrefjref
vGwaf jrmufapcsi+f yD?
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vGwrf ,f&h ufudk rodEidk =f uwJh e0w&J@ vufatmufrmS &moufyef tusO;f om;}uD;awG tjzpfeJ@
touf&iS af e=uwke;f . . . ?usaemfvw G af wmh axmifA;l 0rSm olw@kd awG vGwaf jrmufwaJh e@=u&if
olwdk@ arG;&yfXmeD jyefEidk zf dk@twGuf wpfa,mufukd aiG ( 300 )pDukd olwdk@emrnfawGeJ@ tyfxm;
cJyh gw,f?
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qkawmif;aerdygw,f?

tcef; ( 17 )
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1991 ckEpS ?f
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bmoma&;ESyd u f yG rf a_ wG/ omoemawmf apmfum;r_awG jyKvkycf w Jh mudk tus,w f 0ifh
&Si;f jycsiw f ma=umifh tckvo dk ;D oef@ azmfjy&jcif;jzpfygw,f?
1991 ckEpS t f wGuf urBmEh Akd ,fv+f idr;f csr;f a&;qkudk jrefrmjynf 'Dru dk a&pDa&;eJ@
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owif; axmif0ifpmuaewpfqifu h saemfw@kd =um;vdu k &f ygw,f? 'Dowif;xl;/ owif;aumif;udk
tusO;f om;aw tcsi;f csi;f =um;&awmh 0rf;omwJo h al wGu 0rf;om=u/ a'guefwo Jh al wGu
a'guef=u/ jy\emwufwo Jh al wGu wuf=ueJ@ EdAk ,fv+f idr;f csr;f a&;qke@J yufouf+yD;
tif;pdeaf xmifwiG ;f t&omrsKd ;pHk cHpm;&ygw,f?
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av;zufav;wefxu J =um;&ygao;w,f?
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“}udKufwma&G;prf;? tom;remcsi&f if ykq;kd 0wfvu dk ?f cifAsm;[m tcktcsed u f p+yD;
vljzpfomG ;+yD? cifAsm;wdk@uouFe;f 0wfawG/ oHC H mtwkta,mifawG”qd+k yD;
q&mawmfupdk yG pf +GJ yD; “cifAsm;ppfc&Hk ;Hk rSm 0efc&H ifEpS ef nf;r,f? 0efrcH&ifEpS v f nf;rsm;r,f/
t&du k v f nf; cH&r,f? touf}uD;rS t&du k rf cHcsipf rf;ygeJ@? touf}uD;rS rdu k =f uwmud;k “
}uD;rdu k f ”awG&J@ ”
&ky&f if;=urf;wrf;wJh pum;vH;k awGe@J q&mawmfukd apmfum;ygw,f? q&mawmfrmS
ppfc&Hk ;Hk rSm wpfv;Hk wpfyg'rS jyefvnfacsy ajymqdck iG rfh &yJ &efuek w f ikd ;f twGi;f uHaqmif
oydwaf rSmufr_ jzpfatmif v_aH qmifrt _ jzpf tvky=f urf;eJ@ axmif'%f ( 15 )ESpf &if&h ifo h ;D oD;
trdef@csvu dk yf gawmhw,f? e0wppfbv D ;l awGu oHC H mawmfawGudk zrf;qD;/ twif;t"rR
vl0wfvaJ p+yD; odumQ csayr,fv h nf; &[ef;wd@k taeeJ@ pdwt f wGi;f rS odumQ csjcif;/ vltjzpf
todtrSwrf jyKygu &[ef;t&majrmufqyJ jJ zpf+yD; q&mawmf}uD;awGtm;vH;k axmiftwGi;f rSm
vnf; &[ef;wdk@&J@ odumQ yk'/f 0denf;awG apmifx h ed ;f =uygw,f?
q&mawmfuzdk rf;qD;axmifcst+yD;rSm 1990 ESprf mS q&mawmfausmif;wdu k uf
oHC H mwpfyg;u oHC H mhpmar;yGrJ mS yxrausm&f &Scd ahJ yr,fh uHaqmifoydwaf rSmufrx _ yJ g0ifwJh
ausmif;wdu k jf zpfwma=umifh qkurkd ay;yJ xm;cJjh yefygw,f? q&mawmf[mtzrf;rcH&cif
tcsed t f xd urBmat;omoemh wuUov kd rf mS tbd"rRm ygarmuQcsKyfeJ@
Edik if aH wmfoC H mh0efaqmiftzGJ@rmS yg0ifcyhJ gw,f? q&mawmfudk tif;pdeaf xmiftwGi;f
(1)ESpef ;D eD;zrf;qD;+yD;t=umrSm q&mawmfukd cH0efcsuaf wmif rxd;k cdik ;f awmhyJ csucf si;f
jyefvw $ af y;vku d yf gw,f? q&mawmf[m axmifu jyefvnfvw G af jrmuf vm+yD;
,cifvyk af qmifae=u omoemhwm0efawGukd qufvuf xrf;aqmifygw,f?
axmifuvGwaf jrmufvm+yD; (1)ESpef ;D eD;tcsed t f xd e0w&J@ taxmuftyHu h dk vH;k 0r,lyJ
ausmif;wdu k &f Sd oHC H mtyg; (500) ausm. f aexdik af &;/ pmoif=um;a&;wdk@udk
OD;aqmifvyk u f idk cf wJh ,f?
1995 ckEpS rf mS a':atmifqef;pk=unf jyefvnfvw G af jrmufvmwJh tcsed rf mS
q&mawmfta=umif;udk =um;odwmeJ@ a':pke@J twl tif;pde+f rdK@e,f trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ@csKyf
wm0efcH Adv k }f uD;0if;xdef (t+idr;f pm;)/ ocifO;D tke;f jrifw h dk@ vduk yf g+yD; q&mawmfukd oGm;a&muf
zl;ar#m=f uygw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd q&mawmfukd zl;ar#m+f yD; jyefvnfxu G cf mG oGm;+yD;
aemufwpfae@rmS yJ omoema&;0ef}uD;Xmeu 'k-0ef}uD;u q&mawmfausmif;ukd
a&mufvmygw,f? tif;pde&f mG r y&d,wWpd moifwu kd u f dk wyfrawmf =unf;/ a&/ av/ qef/ qD/
qm; ay;tyfvLS 'ge;f rnfyh u GJ dk tusO;f OD;pD;Xmetm; trdef@eJ@z,f&mS ;+yD; jynfaxmifp}k uH@cidk af &;ESifh
zGH@+zdK;a&;toif;vdk@ac:wJh }uH@zw G t
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e0w OuUX Adv k cf sKyfrLS ;}uD; oef;a&$e@J a': }udKif}udKifwdk@u ( 3 )xyfwu dk af usmif;aqmifopf}uD;
aqmufvyk v f LS 'ge;f zdk@twGuf a&pufcsyaJG wGvyk +f yD; olwdk@rmS ;avor#twGuf a'0'wfwdk@
awmif;yef=uavovm;qdw k m um,uH&iS af wG ud, k w f idk yf J odygvrd rfh ,f? Edik if t H m%mudk
odr;f ,l+yD;uwnf;u Ak'b < mom0if &[ef;oHC H mawGudk um,uH/ 0pDu/H raemuH eJ@
vufa&mufapmfum;r_awGtwGuf ysm;&nfeJ@ 0rf;csyaGJ wGvyk +f yD; omoemh 'umawmfawGtjzpf
zefw;D ae=u ygawmhw,f?
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ouFe;f c|w/f vl0wfvaJ p+yD; ouFe;f 0wfawG/ &[ef;wk/ &[ef;a,mifawGvdk@ r=um;0Hh remom
ykwcf wfapmfum;cJ+h yD; tvky=f urf;eJ@ axmif'%f (15)csrw S cf wJh Jh q&mawmf
OD;wdavmubd0o H udk omoema&;rSm 'kw, d tqif&h Sd “ t*~r[my¾dw ”bGJ@udk
qyfuyfvu dk jf yefygw,f? e0w&J@ bmoma&;rsuv f n S jfh yyGu J dk usaemftaeeJ@ b,fvrdk S
em;rvnfwwfatmif jzpfryd gw,f?
e0w ppfAv dk cf sKyf}uD;apmarmif ( uG,v f eG f )ajymcJzh ;l wJh pum;wpfceG ;f &Syd gw,f? “ Ak'<
bmom0ifawG ,H=k unfxm;wJt h wdik ;f uH/ uH.tusKd ;udk wynfah wmf,=Hk unfygw,f ” wJ?h
omoemudk zsuq f ;D / bk&m;omoem&[ef;rsm;udk !Si;f yrf;ESyd pf uf owfjzwf/
ouFe;f 0wfawGvdk@ &if&h ifo h ;D oD;ykwcf wfcw hJ hJ e0wwdk@ olwdk@vyk cf w Jh tJh vkyf ( uH )eJ@yufouf+yD;
wpfcsed cf sed rf mS olwdk@cpH m;=u&rSm aocsmygw,f?
1989/ 1990 ESp0f ef;usiw f ek ;f uvnf; t*FvefEidk if rH mS aexdik w f Jh q&mawmf
a'guw f mOD;a&0wu e0wtpd;k &[m rif;usiw hf &m;(10)yg; eJ@rudu k n f w D Jh tpd;k &jzpfa=umif;
trsKd ;/ bmom/ omoeudk ao;odrn f ;d_ i,fatmif jyKvkyaf eygw,f vd@k bb D pD /D AGtD adk t
owif;XmeawGeJ@ awG@qaHk jym=um; cJyh gw,f? tJ'guedk 0wu olw@kd yidk f owif;pmawGuae
q&mawmftm;apmfum;onfh toH;k tE_e;f awGe@J ykwcf wf apmfum;ygawmhw,f?
q&mawmf[m t*FvefEikd if rH mS qGr;f udpP tcuftcJjzpfvk@d bDbpD /D AGt D adk twdk@eJ@
awG@q+Hk yD; qGr;f / uGr;f zefw;D aewmjzpfw,f/ q&mawmf&Jh a'guw f mbGJ@ qdw k muvnf;
aq;ukvdk@ &r,frxifygeJ@ vdk@tremy pGypf aJG jymqdyk gw,f?
'Dupd aP wGudk e0w taeeJ@vrd v f nf zH;k uG,x f m;vdk@ r&ygb;l ? tJ'ED pS yf idk ;f u
owif;pmawGxrJ mS a&;om;xm;wmawG[m e0wud, k w f idk f usL;vGex f m;wJh omoema&;
apmfum;r_awGjzpf+yD; ordik ;f pmrsuEf mS pmrSm t&kyq f ;dk pGm wifusecf rhJ ,fh t&mawGjzpfygw,f?
aemufr=umcif 1994-1995ckEpS x f rJ mS q&mawmf a'guw f mOD;a&0wudk olwdk@awG
apmfum;csiw f idk ;f apmfum;vdk@tm;&awmhrS e0wAdv k rf ;_ }uD; oef;a&$u, kd w f ikd f t*FvefEidk if rH mS
wnfxm;r,fh apwDawmftwGuf vdtk yfwmrSwo f r# ulnaD qmif&u G af y;ygrh ,fvdk@
ajym=um;vdu k yf gw,f?
bmoma&; oydwf qifErGJ a_ =umifh jrefrmjynf tESH@tjym; xif&mS ;ausm=f um; wJh Ak'<
bmom bke;f awmf}uD;awGudk t"rRzrf;qD;aewJt h xJrmS &efuek u f if;+rdK@e,frmS &Sw d Jh ara';eD
ausmif;wdu k u f wdu k tf yk qf &mawmf}uD; wpfyg;vnf; yg0ifygw,f? tJ'q D &mawmf}uD;udk
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taqmif(5)rSm aexdik +f yD; axmif'%fEpS &f n S uf kd &ifqikd cf &Jh ygw,f?
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'kw, d ausmif;xdik u f dk e0wu aoG;cGpJ um;awGajym+yD; wdu k t f yk af e&mudk odr;f ,lzdk@
aoG;xd;k ay;ygw,f? q&mawmfaxmifu vGwaf jrmufvmwJt h cgrmS ausmif;wdu k rf mS
wdu k t f yk q f &mawmftopf a&G;cs,w f ifa¹rSmufxm;+yD; jzpfwma=umifh 'Dausmif;wdu k ef J@
roufqidk af wmha=umif; ajymum q&mawmfukd ausmif;wdu k rf mS aexdik o f wD if;oH;k cGifh
r&atmif e0wt&m&Sad wGu }udK;pm;=uygw,f? 'k-wdu k t f yk q f &mawmfuv dk nf; jywfom;pGm
vkyu f idk af qmif&u G zf dk@eJ@ vdt k yfygu omoema&;OD;pD;Xmeu tm%mpuf toH;k jyKay;r,fq+dk yD;
oHCmxkt=um; aoG;cGaJ qmif&u G f cJyh gw,f?
e0w[m Ak'b < mom wpfcw k nf;udyk J csKd ;azmufapmfum;wmwif r[kwaf o;ygb;l ?
tjcm;bmomawGuv dk nf; zdEySd af csre_ ;f aeygao;w,f? usaemftif;pdeaf xmifrmS &Sad epOf 1991
ckEpS w f iG ;f rSm jrpf0u|e;f ay:rSm wdu k yf aJG wGtrsm;tjym; jzpfc+Jh yD; u&ifvrl sKd ;trsm;tjym;udk
Edik if aH wmfyek u f efrq_ +dk yD; axmif'%f(25)ESpf toD;oD;csrw S cf yJh gw,f? e0wu bdu k av;+rdK@
ypfcwfra_ wGrmS }udKwifprD cH suaf wG[m c&pf,mef bk&m;&Scd ;dk ausmif;awGu acgi;f aqmifpnf;a0;
cJ=h uw,fvdk@ owfrw S =f uygw,f? tJ'v D o
kd wfrw S +f yD;aemuf bdu k av;+rdK@e,ftwGi;f
c&pf,mefbmom0if awG/ toif;tkyq f &mawGukd zrf;qD; axmifcscyJh gw,f?
c&pf,meftoif;tkyq f &m awG[m axmifus+yD; tif;pdeaf xmifu usaemfwdk@&aSd ewJh
trSw(f 3)tdyf aqmifudk a&mufvmygw,f? olw@kd uakd r;jref; =unfah wmh bmqdb k mrS rod&yJ
e0wppfwyfu rJrjJ rifor# tukezf rf;qD;+yD; axmifcsaewm jzpfw,fvdk@ u&ifvrl sKd ;
toif;tkyq f &mwpfO;D u ajymjyygw,f? axmifxaJ &mufwt hJ xd &Jpcef;eJ@
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axmif'%f csrw S +f yD;onfw h idk f a=umuf&@HG ra_ wG raysmufu, G af o;yJ &Sad e+yD; pum;wpfceG ;f rS
jyefrajymEdik af tmif !Si;f yrf;ESyd pf uf cHc&hJ ygao;w,f?
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trSw(f 3)tdyaf qmif twGi;f }uHKawG@c&Jh wJh tjzpftysuaf wGukd wifjyxm;wmawG jzpfygw,f?
usaemfhudk 'Djzpf&yfawG ajymjycJw h Jh q&mawmf}uD;rsm;/ wifjycJw h hJ ta=umif;t&mawGxrJ mS
yg0ifcw Jh Jh q&mawmf}uD;rsm;[m tckwikd f &efuek +f rdK@rmS oufawmfxif&mS ; &Sad e=uqJjzpf ygw,f?
'Dvo dk moemudk csKd ;azmufapmfum;wJh e0w[m 'Djypfra_ wGudk vdrv f nf;zH;k uG,x f m;ovd/k
aemufxyf oHCmawmfawGudk ESyd pf uf!iS ;f yrf;r_awG &Sad eao;w,fqw dk m trsm;jynfol
odatmif usaemht f aeeJ@ wifjyjcif;jzpfygw,f? 'Djzpf&yfawGukd roda,mifjyK+yD;. . .
“ NLDeJ@ tjcm;Edik if aH &; ygwaD wGu bmoma&;udk ckw;kH vky+f yD; wdik ;f jynfpnf;vH;k r_udk
+ydKuGyJ suq f ;D atmif vkyaf eygw,f ”
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aoG;cGo J yfv#Kd r_awG jyKvkyaf eygw,f ”
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wufwufºuGºuGyg0ifco Jh nf? 1989/ 1990 v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;Y ausmif;om;or*~rsm;Y
v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;wGif wyfO;D rS yg0ifco Jh nf?
1990{+yDv atmufArmjynf Auorsm;tzG@J csKyf zG@J pnf;&mY oH;k a&mifcs,af usmif;om;
tzGJ@EiS t fh wl yg0ifco Jh nf? xdk@aemuf atmufArmjynf (Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf) nDvmcHrsm; /
qENjyv_y&f mS ;r_rsm;wGif yg0ifco Jh nf?
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wm0efct H jzpf aqmif&u G cf o
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tiftm;pkrsm;ESifh yl;aygi;f um xkwaf 0cJo h nf? ,cktcgY *syefEidk Yf aexdik &f if; jrefrmh'rD u dk a&pD
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cef@reS ;f &ygw,f? usaemfwdk@uawmh av;pm;aoma=umifh tbvdk@yJ ac:ygw,f?
tbOD;tke;f jrif[ h m 1991 ckEpS x f rJ mS tif;pdeaf xmif wdu k x f u J ae+yD; usaemfwdk@trSwf
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vrf;av#mufvu dk ef J@ t+rJvdk awG@&ygw,f? 'Dvdk a&aomuf/ vrf;av#mufwm ae@pOfvv dk dk
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trSet f wdik ;f 0efc&H &if tJ't D csed tf xd tbOD;tke;f jrifq h w dk m b,fvv dk rl eS ;f usaemf
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tajctae[m yd+k yD;wif;rmvmygw,f? oHCmxk&J@ vdv k m;csuu f dk rvdu k af vsm&if
jy\em[m yd+k yD;}uD;xGm;oGm;r,fqw dk m e0wppft&m&Sad wG &dyrf o d mG ;=uygw,f?
'ga=umifh armifay:u q&mawmfO;D a&0wudk vuftyk cf s+D yD; !SEd i_d ;f r_awG jyKvkyyf gw,f?
q&mawmfu 'Duae@ jyKvkyw f tJh pnf;ta0;[m Edik if aH &;eJ@ roufqidk af =umif;/
omoema&;udpu P dk bke;f }uD;wdk@ jyKvkyw f mjzpfa=umif;/ ,ckEpS f rEWav;wdik ;f twGuf oHCmh
ud, k pf m;vS,u f dk &yfuu G /f aus;&Gm/ +rdK@e,f/ wdik ;f tqifq h ifh a&G;cs,Ef ikd jf cif;r&Syd eJ J@ txufu
wifajrSmufxm;wJh ud, k pf m;vS,af wG[m oHCmxk&J@qENeJ@tnD wifa¹r‡mS ufxm;wm
r[kwaf =umif;/ 'ga=umifh rEWav;wdik ;f udk ud, k pf m;jyKwJh oHCmawmfvdk@ rowfrw S Ef ikd af =umif;/
'Dupd u P dk &efuek +f rdK@&Sd omoema&;OD;pD;XmeeJ@ oHCmr[mem,u tzGJ@udk
}udKwifta=umif;=um;cJah yr,fh bmwpfcrk S wke@f jyefaqmif&u G w f m r&Scd aJh =umif;/ 'gah =umifh
'Duae@ pnf;a0;&wm[m txufuae tm%m&Siq f efqef a&G;cs,af y;xm;wJh
oHCmhu, dk pf m;vS,af wGudk vufrcHwJh &_wcf swhJ oHCmhtpnf;ta0;jzpfa=umif;/ e0weJ@
omoema&;OD;pD;Xmewdk@[m oHCmxk=um; aoG;cGrJ a_ wG&aSd evdk@ jypfwif&w _ cf svu dk af =umif;
pwJt h csuaf wGudk armifay:udk ajym=um;+yD;
rif;wdk@ e0womoema&;0ef}uD;eJ@ Edik if aH wmfoC H mr[mem,utzGJ@udk wifjyygq+dk yD;
wdu k w f eG ;f ygw,f? armifay:u 'Dupd [ P m bmoma&;udpjP zpfvdk@ olwdk@eJ@ryufoufa=umif;
txufv}l uD;awGudk wifjyay;rnfjzpfa=umif; ajymqdw k t Jh cg q&mawmfO;D a&0wu
yg;pyfeJ@uwday;vdk@ r&a=umif;/ ,ae@jyKvkyw f hJ oHCmtpnf;ta0;udpu P dk
txuftm%mydik x f H tao;pdww f ifjyygrnf[k uwdvufrw S af &;xd;k &r,fv@kd ajymum
armifay:ukd vufrw S af &;xd;k apcJyh gw,f?
tJ'aD emufq&mawmfu 'Duae@rEWav;wdik ;f udk ud, k pf m;jyK+yD; &efuek u f okd mG ;=ur,fh
rdwv WD mu oHCmud, k pf m;vS,af wG&@J tpDtpOfukd zsuo f rd ;f ay;zdk@ awmif;qdw k tJh cg armifygu
'Dupd u P wdk ynfah wmf&efuek u f dk jynfjh ynfph pkH t kH a=umif;=um;oGm;rSm jzpfwt Jh wGuf ,ae@omG ;wJh
rdwv WD mu ud, k pf m;vS,af wG[m rEWav;udk ud, k pf m;jyKoGm;wJh ud, k pf m;vS,af wGrjzpfa=umif;/
tjcm;udpeP J@omG ;wJh ud, k pf m;vS,af wGjzpfa=umif; jyefav#mufygw,f? tJ't D cgrmS
q&mawmfO;D a&0wu oHCmxkudk &dik ;f &dik ;f pdik ;f pdik ;f qufqcH w hJ hJ &JcsKyfehJ taygi;f tygwdk@udk
Ak'b
< mom0ifyo D =uatmif qH;k rzdk@ rSm=um;ygw,f//
aemuf AG'D , D /dk "gwyf aHk wGukd tjyeftvSef &du k , f =l uygw,f? armifay:u arSmif&rD +ydK;cif
vlpck zGJ dk@q&mawmfudk awmif;yefav#mufxm;&m q&mawmfu 'Duae@jyKvkyw f Jh oHCmxk
tpnf;ta0;ta=umif; &vm'fe@J qH;k jzwfcsuaf wGudk trsm;jynfow l dk@ odjrifap&ef
rEWav;+rdK@wpfywf pDwef;vSnv fh nf qENjyrSmjzpfa=umif; jyefajymvdu k yf gw,f? tJ't D cgrmS
armifay:u rsuEf mS i,fav;eJ@ wkew f ek &f &D eD @J . . .
“'Dupd [ P m roifah wmfygb&k m;/ wynfah wmftaeeJ@ 'Duae@jyKvkyw f Jh
oHCmhtpnf;ta0;}uD;&J@ tao;pdwrf w S w f rf;udk txuft&m&Srd sm;xH ae@rqdik ;f yJ
wifjyay;rSm jzpfygw,f? 'gah =umifh qENjyyGu J akd wmh rvkyyf ge@J bk&m; ”
vdk@q+dk yD; r[mjrwfrek b d &k m;ab;u &efuek -f rEWav; rD;&xm;vrf;rSm &efuek u f kd
xGucf mG r,fh rEWav;tjref (3:00) &xm;a&S@ oHCmawmfrsm; ydwq f dk@xm;wmudk z,f&mS ;ay;zdk@
awmif;qdyk gw,f? tJ'&D xm;rSm &efuek u f x kd u G cf mG rnfh rEWav;wdik ;f oHCmhu, dk pf m;vS,f
tjzpfwufa&mufr,fh oHCmawmfawG yg0ifwma=umifh ydwq f dk@xm;wm jzpfygw,f?
aemufq;Hk rSm armifay:u ido k yH g}uD;eJh . . . .
“bk&m;wynfah wmfwm;wmudk t&Sib f &k m; jyKvkyrf ,fq&dk ifvnf; bmrSwwfEidk rf mS
r[kwyf gb;l bk&m;? q&m/ 'um riJ! h mS ygu t&Sib f &k m; jyKvkycf sio f vdk jyKvkyaf wmfryl g bk&m;
”
vdk@ wifav#mufygw,f? tJ't D cg=urS q&mawmfu rEWav;+rdK@ av;jyifav;&yf
oHCmhtpnf;ta0;}uD;udk aºuG;a=umfoaH wGe@J &kwo f rdf ;f +yD; 45 wmuGi;f rSm at;at;csr;f csr;f
vlpck cGJ =Jh uygw,f? q&mawmfO;D a&0w[m trsKd ;/ bmom/ omoemtwGuf &J0jH ywfom;pGm
ppftm%mydik af wGeJ@ ajymqdq k ufq+H yD; oHCmacgi;f aqmifyo D pGm ajz&Si;f Edik cf w Jh mudk
awG@jrif&ygw,f?
1990 jynfEh pS af wGrmS rEWav;+rdK@rmS ae@pOf/ tywfpOf 'Dru dk a&pD ae@x;l ae@jrwfawGrmS
ppftpd;k &qef@usiaf &;udk tiftm;aumif;aumif; jyKvkyaf ewmudk usaemfrsujf rifawG@&ygw,f?
'gayr,fh rEWav;&J@ v_y&f mS ;r_awGukd urBmu odyrf odco hJ vd/k e0wuvnf; &efuek +f rdK@avmuf
tm&krH pdu k Ef idk cf yJh gb;l ? 'ga=umifh rEWav;+rdK@ oHCm/ ausmif;om;/ jynfo/l Edik if aH &;ygwaD wG&J@
ppftpd;k &qef@usiaf &;awG/ 'Dru dk a&pDvy_ &f mS ;r_awGta=umif; jrefrmwpfjynfv;Hk eJ@ urBmuyg
od&aSd tmif usaemf}udK;yrf;cJyh gw,f?
rEWav;+rdK@twGi;f oHCmawmfrsm;t=um; e0w&J@ aoG;cGo J yfv#Kd r_awG/ bk&m;0wWu
ajrawGukd twif;tusyo f rd ;f ,lwmawG/ omoemhajrtwGi;f ppfzed yfp;D wmawG pwJh
ta=umif;awGudk tao;pdwjf yKpk+yD; &efuek &f dS oHwreftodik ;f t0dik ;f udk ay;ydk@cyJh gw,f?
aemufyidk ;f Edik if wH umowif;pmawG/ owif;XmeawGrmS rEWav;+rdK@ v_y&f mS ;r_/
jzpf&yfawGta=umif; yg0ifvmygw,f? Edik if w H umuvnf; rEWav;+rdK@udk pdw0f ifpm;vm
cJyh gw,f?
tJ't D csed w f ek ;f u usaemf[m &efuek rf mS usaemftwGuv f jkH cHKr_uif;rJv h mwma=umifh
rEWav;+rdK@udk a&muf&aSd e+yD; oH&;kH vd@k wifpm;ac:a0:cJ=h uwJh bke;f }uD;ausmif;wdu k af wGrmS
aexdik cf yJh gw,f? bke;f }uD;ausmif;wku d af wGukd oH&;kH vdk@ac:&jcif;u ppfwyfeJ@
ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;wdk@&J@ 0ifa&mufzrf;qD;r_ab;rS ausmif;om;trsm;tjym;udk
bke;f }uD;ausmif;wdu k af wGrmS tumtuG,af y;xm;cJv h @kd jzpfygw,f?
1990 jynfah &G;aumufyrJG wdik cf ifrmS tar&duefo&H ;kH u yxrEdik if aH &;twGi;f 0ef
rEWav;udk a&mufvm+yD; rEWav;+rdK@u oHCmud, k pf m;vS,af wGeJh awG@csiw f ,fvdk@ usaemfu h dk
ajymygw,f? usaemfvnf; bk&m;}uD; 'ud% Q &mrausmif;wku d rf mS q&mawmfO;D a&0weJ@
awG@qaHk y;cJyh gw,f? +yD;aemufjrefrmEdik if w H iG ;f bmoma&;tajctae qd;k &Gm;aer_awGudk
tao;pdwf avhvmygw,f? 1990 jynfh =o*kwv f ( 8) &ufae@ tcrf;tem;udk &efuek +f rdK@
ykZeG af wmif+rdK@e,f r[manmifuek ;f ausmif;wku d rf mS tajccHynmausmif;om;or*~
(&efuek w f idk ;f )u OD;aqmifusi;f ywma=umifh usaemf&efuek u f o dk mG ;+yD; tcrf;tem;udk
wufa&mufcyJh gw,f?
tJ't D csed rf mS rEWav;+rdK@ ppfwyfuypfcwfra_ wGa=umifh oHCmhaoG;ajr usyjGJ zpfcyJh gw,f?
'ga=umifh usaemfvnf;rEWv;udk csucf si;f jyefwufomG ;+yD; q&mawmfO;D a&0weJ@ awG@qu Hk m
tjzpftysuu f dk ar;jref;cJyh gw,f? tJ'aD e@u jzpfymG ;cJw h Jh aoG;ajrusre_ J@yufouf+yD;
q&mawmfu oufaocHtaxmuftxm;awG usaemfu h jdk yygw,f? ppfwyfu
armif;jyefaoewfawGeJ@ ypfcwfvdk@ oHCmtrsm;tjym; xdreS af oqH;k yH/k '%f&mjyif;xefpmG &&dyS eHk J@
aoG;pGe;f aewJh ouFe;f awmfawG/ tJ't D jyif xl;jcm;tH=h ozG,af umif;wJh oydww f pfv;Hk ukd
jyygw,f? oydw[ f m oHoydwt f rsKd ;tpm;jzpf+yD; twGi;f eJ@tjyif ESpcf pk vH;k udk ppfap;okwv f rd ;f
xm;ygw,f?
ppfwyfu ypfcwfvu dk w f Jh usnq f ef[m oydw&f @J tv,fyikd ;f azmif;&pf&Sd ppfaq;eJ@ou H dk
azmufxu G o f mG ;+yD; oydwt f wGi;f rSm usnq f ef'w k ,d rD;usn&f u dk &f m trm&Gw}f uD;}uD;/
wwd,usn&f u dk &f m trm&Gwt f vwf/ pwkwu W sn&f u kd &f m trm&Gwt f ao;eJ@
yOPrusn&f u dk &f m trm&Gwt f ao;av;udk jrifawG@&ygw,f? ypfcwfrr_ mS &&Sw d Jh usnq f efudk
ausmif;u ud&k ifav;wpfyg;u a=umufvef@+yD; ukË(D tdro f m)xJ v$iyfh pfcv Jh dk@ r&Sad wmha=umif;
q&mawmfuajymjyygw,f?
e0w[m oHCmxkudk aoapEkid w f t Jh xd csed &f , G yf pfcwfcw hJ m xif&mS ;a=umif;/
Ak'&< J@om;awmf &[ef;wdk@udk um,uHajrmuf usL;vGeo f wfjzwfwt hJ jyif/ Ak'&< J@ y&dabm*
apwDuv dk nf; zsuq f ;D wJo
h al wG jzpfwma=umifh r=umcifrmS }uD;}uD;rm;rm;ta&;,lz@kd 'Dupd u P dk
aqmif&u G rf mS jzpfa=umif; q&mawmfu quf+yD;ajymygw,f? usaemfvnf;
q&mawmfciG jfh yKcsuef J@ rEWav;+rdK@ 84vrf;r}uD;u vlxw k u dk af &S@rmS jzpfymG ;cJw h Jh jzpfpOf
tao;pdwu f dk rSwo f m;+yD; oufaocH"gwyf /kH oydwaf wGudk ,l+yD; &efuek u f dk qif;vmcJyh gw,f?
&efuek u f oHwreftodik ;f t0dik ;f eJh owif;XmeawGukd jyoygw,f? e0wu b,fvydk J
vdrn f mcJah yr,fh taemufEidk if pH pforH ;_ awGu atau 47 'grrS [kwf *s-D o&D;uJo h dk@
t&Sed jf yif;xefwJh aoewftrsKd ;tpm;eJ@ ypfcwfwmjzpfa=umif;/ oydwt f wGi;f &Sad eaom
usnq f ef,rf;r_ef@ rsm;udk "gwcf =GJ unf&h mrSm olw@kd ppfaq;csut f & aoapEdik w f Jh usnrf sm;eJ@
ypfcwfwm jzpfw,fvdk@ twnfjyK ajym=um;ygw,f?
rEWav;+rdK@rmS q&mawmfO;D a&0wwdk@ “ywWeu d Zk e… uHaqmif” oydwaf rSmufyrGJ usi;f ycif
usaemfvnf; ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;wd@k &@J zrf;qD;r_udk cHvu dk &f ygw,f? tJ't D csed u f p+yD;
q&mawmfeJ@usaemf jyefrawG@jzpf =uawmhygb;l ?
q&mawmfO;D a&0w[m trsKd ;/ bmom/ omoemtwGuf a&S@wef;uae
OD;aqmifra_ y;Edik cf w Jh Jh oHCmtmZmenfwpfyg; jzpfygw,f? oHCmxktrsm;&J@
=unfnKd av;pm;r_udk cH&ovdk oHCmxktwGi;f nD!w $ rf &_ apcJw h Jh av;jyifav;&yfpvH;k u
oHCmawmfawGudk pkpnf;Edik cf w Jh ,f? rEWav;+rdK@wiG ;f q&mawmf OD;u0dE/N q&mawmfO;D a&0weJ@
tjcm;aom oHCmawmfawG[m t"rR0g'aD wGukd atmifEikd cf =hJ uw,f?
q&mawmf}uD;awG[m oHCmxktwGi;f rSmomru ausmif;om;xktwGi;f /
or*~rsm;twGi;f / ygwrD sm;twGi;f nD!w $ af &;&&Sad tmif jyKvkyaf y;Edik cf yJh gw,f?
q&mawmfO;D a&0wu usaemfwdk@ ausmif;om;awGudk rSwo f m;p&m pum;wpfceG ;f ajymcJyh gw,f?
q&mawmftygt0if oHCmawG/ ausmif;om;awG jrefrmjynfEidk if aH &;/ 'Dru dk a&pDta&;rsm;udk
aqG;aEG;aepOf q&mawmfu . . .
“ igvnf; igwufEidk w f Jh 0efux dk rf;r,f? igoo d ifo h x d u dk w f hJ ta=umif;t&mawGyJ
iguh adk jym=u/ igrodoifh rodxu dk w f u
Jh pd u P dk iguh v
kd nf;rajymeJ/h igah &S@rmS vnf; rajymeJ@? igov d dk@
wpfae@axmufvrS ;f a&;u zrf;vm;qD;vm;vkycf &hJ if olwdk@uenf;trsKd ;rsKd ;eJ@EySd pf uf+yD; ar;rSmyJ?
igvnf;ykxZk Of jzpfwma=umifh =um=umcHEikd rf mS r[kwo f vdk rkom;vnf;rqdEk idk b f ;l ?
trSet f wdik ;f ajym&rSmyJ? bmrSrodwu hJ pd u P kd olw@kd b,favmufy&J u dk &f u dk /f toufom
aooGm;r,f olwdk@bmrS od&rSmr[kwb f ;l ? 'gah =umifh igrodoifw h uhJ pd /P ta=umif;t&mudk
rajym=ueJh ”
vdk@ajymcJyh gw,f? e0w&J@ vufcsuaf =umifh omoemajrawG ppfwvif;jyif jzpfcyJh gw,f?
bk&m;om;awmfawGudk &uf&ufpufpuf owfjzwfcw Jh ,f? Ak'o < moemawmf}uD; wpfcv k ;Hk
wkev f y_ af jcmufjcm;apwJh jzpf&yfawG e0wuzefw;D cJw h ,f?
1990 =o*kwv f wGif oHCmawmfawG owfjzwfcw Jh jJh rifuiG ;f udk rEWav;+rdK@o/l
+rdK@om;awG ,ae@widk rf suv f ;Hk xJu rxGuEf ikd =f uao;? rarhazsmufEikd =f uao;?
+yD;awmh oHCmxkawG&Jh &J&aJ wmuf uHaqmif oydwaf rSmufy}GJ uD;awG . . . .?
(q&mawmfO;D a&0w ysv H eG af wmfro l mG ;a=umif; od&wJt h wGuf oHCmhZmenfudk
*k%jf yKa&;om;rdygw,f? )

(C) &JausmfpmG
 &Jausmpf mG [m axmifusvmwke;f u (15)ESpo f m;t&G,yf J &Sad o;wJh q,fwef;
ausmif;om;av;wpfa,muf jzpfygw,f? ol[m Adv k w
f pfaxmif(2)rSm ausmif;wufaewJo h l
wpfa,mufjzpf+yD; tuo ausmif;om;jzpfygw,f?
ol[mt&G,ef rJh vdu k af tmif pmzwftm;aumif;vS+yD; yg0grsurf eS t
f xl}uD;udk
wyfqifxm;wJo h l jzpfygw,f? axmifusvmwJh Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awGxrJ mS
toufti,fq;Hk jzpfwma=umifh tm;vH;k ucspcf if=uygw,f? ol&,f/ om;!$ef@O;D &,f/
usaemf&,f[m wpfO;D eJ@ wpfO;D tifrwefrS cspcf if=u+yD; trSwf (3)aqmifrmS rodorl &Sd
emrnf}uD; &J ( 3 ) azmfawG jzpfygw,f? c% c%vnf; &efjzpfwwf=uygw,f?
wpf&ufaxmif0ifpm ( 3 )a,mufom; jyefvmwJt h cgrmS &Jausmpf mG u
“ usaemft h az aeraumif;jzpfaew,fv@kd tpfruajymoGm;w,f? usaemfu h v dk nf;
ar;aew,fw?Jh olaejrefjrefaumif;atmif vkyrf ,f? aeaumif;rS igo h m;i,fav;udk
oGm;awG@Eidk rf mS vdk@ ajym+yD; a&m*gudk jrefjrefaysmufatmif ukaew,fvdk@ usaemft h rd uf
ajymoGm;w,f ”
vdk@ usaemfwdk@udk ajymjyygw,f? usaemfw@kd u rif;taztajctaeu pd;k &dr&f vm;vdk@
ar;awmh usaemft h pfru odyt f qd;k }uD; r[kwb f ;l vd@k awmh ajymw,fvdk@ jyefajzygw,f?
“[m. . .'gqdk rpd;k &dryf geJ@ ”
vdk@ usaemfwdk@u tm;ay;ESpo f rd =hf uygw,f? axmifxrJ mS usaemfwdk@awGae+rJtwdik ;f
aexdik vf mcJ&h if;aemuf wpf}udraf xmif0ifpmawG@z@kd (14)&ufjynfo h mG ;ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@tr_waGJ wG axmif0ifpm xGu=f uygw,f? &Jausmpf mG tdru f ol@tpfrwpfa,mufyJ
axmif0ifpmvmwmudk awG@&ygw,f? &Jausmpf mG twGuf owif;qd;k }uD;u usaemfwdk@tm;vk;H udk
apmif}h udKaeygw,f?
&Jausmpf mG &J@ tazqH;k oGm;+yDv@kd usaemfe@J om;!$ef@O;D / udak tmifxeG ;f wdk@trd af wGu
ajymjy=uygw,f? &Jausmpf mG udak wmh todray;xm;=uygb;l ?
taqmifujkd yefa&mufrS =unf+h yD;ajymzd@k usaemfwdk@awG qH;k jzwfvu dk yf gw,f?
&Jausmpf mG av;crsm ol@tazta=umif; rod&&Smao;ygb;l ? ol@udk axmif0ifpmrSm
rif;tazuse;f rma&;ta=umif; ar;=unfah o;vm;vd@k ar;awmh . . .
“ tif;/ ar;w,f? bmrSrajzbl;? pdwrf ylyge@J v@kd yJ ajymw,f ” vdk@ jyefajzygw,f?
taqmifujdk yefa&mufawmh 'Dowif;udk &Jausmpf mG &J@ tcef;rSm tqifajyovdk
=unfah jymzdk@ udak tmifxeG ;f u wm0ef,v l u kd yf gw,f? nzufa&mufawmh udb k bdk x dk eG ;f /
udak tmifausmrf ;dk (c) bdak wmuf/ OD;axG;jrif/h udak tmifxeG ;f eJ@ ud&k rJ eG w f @kd u &Jausmpf mG udk “
rif;tazqH;k oGm;+yD ” vdk@ ajymjyvdu k =f uw,f? tJ't D cgrmS &Jausmpf mG u . . .
“ tif; . . . xifawmhxifom;yJ? tdru f dk ar;wmar;vdk@r&bl; ”
vdk@ wpfceG ;f wnf;jyefajym+yD; +idru f somG ;ygw,f? reufr;dk vif;awmh tm;vH;k u
&Jausmpf mG udk owif;ar;=uwJt h cgrmS &Jausmpf mG wpfa,muf at;at;aq;aq;yJ jyefvnf
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