COST Action C26 Urban Habit Constructions Under Catastrophic Events

Advanced Composite Materials for Strengthening, Strengthening Blast Protection and Seismic Protection
Casadei P., Casadei, P Ph.D., Ph D PE
Senior Design Engineer R&D

Agneloni E Agneloni, E., PE

President
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TheFIRSTBRICK NetworkCityTechnology
Onestopsolutionfor theowners owners,users, users and managersofthe infrastructures, g and buildings monumentalhistoric heritageasset. asset
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 Foundedin1986,TEC.INN.isspecializedintheresearch &developmentandapplicationofinnovativematerials andtechnologiesforretrofittingandstrengtheningof civilandindustrialstructuresandinfrastructuresandall theconstructionheritage,withaparticularfocuson monumentalhistoricartisticstructures. structures

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TYPESOFFIBERSHEETS for MANUALWETLAYUP

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CommonfibersasCarbon,Aramid andGlass
FRP:Unidirectional,bidirectionalsheetsandgridsinCarbon,Glassand
Aramidtobeinstalledbymanuallayupprocedures.Alltextilesarethermo li k d linked;
Carbon Unidirectional Gl Glass Unidirectional Bidi ti l Bidirectional Grid Grid Grid A Aramid id Unidirectional

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UltraHighTensileStrengthSteel
UnidirectionalUltraHighTensileStrengthSteel(UHTSS)fibersheets producedbyHardwireLLCimpregnatedwitheitherepoxy(Steel ReinforcedPolymer)ormortarmatrices(SteelReinforcedGrout)
Medium

Brass Coating
3X2-B 4-12-500 = low density 3X2-B 12-12-500 = medium density 3X2-B 20-12-500 = high density

Low High

High L Low

Galvanized Coating g
3X2-G 4-12-500 = low density 3X2-G 12-12-500 = medium density 3X2 G 18-12-500 3X2-G 18 12 500 = high density densit
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Medium

InnovativeBASALTfibers
Volcanic rocks mainly by y composed p y aluminium-silicates, oxide of calcium and oxide of titanium. Thanks to their composition and the process of spinning these fibres achive excellent mechanical and chemical-physical properties, such as:
high tensile strength and deformation at failure failure; ;

high tenacity; tenacity; point; ; high melting point abrasion resistance; resistance; low thermal thermal, , electrical and acoustic conductivity conductivity; ; no liable to phenomena of hydrolysis hydrolysis; ; stability to basic and acid chemical agents agents. .

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Biocomposites of Flax andHemp fiber

As all natural fibers, the molecular structure is composed by biopolimers (lignin, cellulose, pectin, ect..) able to give them excellent mechanical properties, to be used for strengthening civil structures structures, such as as: high tensile strength and deformation at failure; failure; low thermal, , electrical and acoustic conductivity; lo thermal aco stic conductivity cond cti it ; electromagnetics trasparency; trasparency; low energetic resources for manufacturing process; process; recyclable recyclable; ;

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PULTRUDEDPROFILES for NSM,PlateBonding,ActiveStrengthening& PostTensioning

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FIBERSCOMPARISON

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BlastProtectionSystem E.S.D.R.

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INNOVATIVEBLASTRETROFITTING SYSTEMBASEDONFRP&POLYUREA

Italian Police Headquarters, Nassirya - Iraq (2003)

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Devastating consequences of a blast charge on a masonry panel, built with clay bricks, strengthened with a grid of A Aramid id FRP sheets h t only. l
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TheInnovativeIdea

E.S.D.R.
ElasticSystemsforDynamicRetrofitting
Thestrengthening/protecting g g/p gESDRsystem y hasbornfrom coupling/overlapping togetheradvancedmaterialssuchasFRP withanewmaterial, Polyurea (apolyuretanic resinwithan incredibletoughnessanddeformability), deformability) withthedoublerole bothofmatrixforeitheraramid orsteelfibergrids,andto improvetheelasticityofthesystem.
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FRP

Load (F) Deformation (v) Plot

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When the strengthening and dissipative layers break, reaching hi their th i ultimate lti t strength, the external layer made by solely polyurea, will play its airbag role role, by allowing large deformations without breaking.

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Laboratory Static Tests

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Laboratory Static Tests

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Laboratory Static Tests

Comparison between different Strengthening configurations.
120

90

Load [kN]

60

30

0 0 50 100 150 200 Displacement [mm] 250 300 350 400

Deflection of the wall

Rupture of the AFRP sheets

Load-vs-Deflection Curve

Load vs Deflection Curve Load-vs-Deflection Deflection of the wall

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Delamination of the ESDR

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Laboratory Static Tests

Comparison between different Strengthening configurations configurations.

150

120

90 Load [kN] 60 30 0 0 50 100 150 200 Displacement [mm] 250 300 350 400

Deflection of the wall

Shear rupture of the AFRP anchors

Load-vs-Deflection Curve

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Blast Tests
Tosimulatethesameblasttestsandpressureconditionsofprevious panels,withrespecttothepositionofthepressuretransducers,3 blastshavebeenperformedoverthetransducersand3abovethe perpendicular di l of fthe th centre t of fthe th panel l(id (identical ti lt toprevious i tests). t t) Thisconfigurationhasallowedtodeterminethepeakoverpressure abovethetransducerandalsotheeffectofangleofincidence.
Blasts Sr.1
50 cm 25 cm 25 cm 10 cm

Blast s Sr.2
50 cm 25 cm 25 cm

Pressure Transducers
20 cm Portugal, November 2009

80 cm

Displacement Transducer
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Blast Tests
Pressuretransducerslocationonsidewallsoftheblastroom

Pressure transducer positioned on the wall

Charge positioned above the pressure transducer Displacement transducer d centered d www.tecinn.com info@tecinn.com below the panel
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Blast Tests
P iti i th Positioning the charge h at t diff different t stand-off t d ff distances. di t

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Blast Tests PS0

Charge Weight i h (kg) (k ) 0.5 1 0.5 05 1 1.5 1 1.5 1.5

StandStand -Off Distance i (m) ( ) 1 1 0.5 05 0.5 0.5 02 0.25 0.25

Damage Level None None None Marginal superficial scratch of few bricks Marginal superficial damage of 6 bricks Complete damage of central bricks (60x50 cm hole not passing) Complete damage of central bricks (75x80 cm hole not passing)
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Blast Tests PS1

AFRP Anchors in tension and holding the ESDR system together

Charge g Weight (kg) 1.5

Stand Stand-Off Distance (m) 0.25

Damage Level Complete damage of central bricks but not of the ESDR strengthening h i system
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Blast Tests PS2

The ESDR system is not damaged and yet behaving elastically

Charge Weight i (kg) 2 Stand-Off StandDistance i (m) 0.25 Damage Level Complete damage of central bricks but not of the ESDR strengthening system

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Blast Tests PS3

Complete break through the masonry panel strengthened with only AFRP sheets.
Charge StandStand -Off Weight Distance (m) (kg) 15 1.5 0 25 0.25 Damage Level Complete p damage g of entire masonry yp panel with rupture of AFRP strengthening
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 Pressurereadings
Charge Weight (kg)

Blast Tests PS4

Peak Pressure Series 1 (KPa) 1212 3256 2539 4331 10522* 3381 5525* 12299* Peak Pressure of Series 1 computed according the Kinney et al. Model (KPa) 662 2814 1101 4305 12680 1465 5440 15130 Peak Pressure Series 2 (KPa) 400 584* 520 799 593 1008 1229 637

Equivalent StandStand -Off weight of Distance TNT (m) (kg) 1

0,5

0,56

0,5 1

1,13

0,5 0,25 1

1,5

1,69

0,5 0,25

100 kPa = 1 bar = 1 kg/cm2

* * values computed using the regression obtained from test results:

P0 2026.3 2026 3 z 1.1544

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P0 651.64 651 64 z 0.8281

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Blast Tests PS4 Displacementreadings

The maximum displacement measured under the centre of the panel is equal to 100 mm
120,0 100,0 80,0

60,0

40,0

20,0

0,0 10.00.00 -20,0

10.28.48

10.57.36

11.26.24

11.55.12

12.24.00

12.52.48

13.21.36

13.50.24

-40,0

-60,0

-80,0

-100,0

-120,0

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Documentary Test Film

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SeismicBlastProtection System SAFETYDESK

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INNOVATIVEDESKFORSEISMIC PROTECTION

San Giuliano di Puglia School Italy (2002)

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Mariele Ventre in Pettino School Aquila-Italy (2009)

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Commonlydesk usedinevery Italianschool made d of fsteel l andwood.

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Static tests performed on assembled Common Desk

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Static tests performed on assembled Common Desk

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Static tests performed on disassembled Common Desk

Frame

Top

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SAFETY DESK -Innovative, , advanced and safe desk desk-

SAFETYDESK entirelymadeof composite materials

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State of Emergency -Abruzzo EarthquakeEarthquake q -

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Damaged School -Abruzzo EarthquakeEarthquake q

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Strengthening of primary school of San Demetrio -Abruzzo EarthquakeEarthquake q 1 step STRUCTURES

2 step INFRASTRUCTURES

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CommonDesk

Banco Cellula

S Safety f t D Desk k

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SafetyDesk

Redesigned Improved frame using more efficient steel tubulares Connection at the bottom using steel bars Innovative top made of Polypropylene (PP)

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Thank you !
TEC.INN. S.r.l. Innovative I ti Technologies T h l i www.tecinn.com www tecinn com
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