Oh 1 Ji Seok Oh Mrs. Raymond ENGL 1102 April 1, 2014 WP 8 & 9: Citations, Citations, and more Citations.

Source MLA Format: Book/Magazine Morris, Charles G., and Albert A. Maisto. "Understanding Psychology with DSM-5 Update." Understanding Psychology with DSM-5 Update. Pearson, n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2014. (Morris, Maisto. 251) Summary: Creativity Creativity can be measured, but not completely. Because creativity is something that must be original, asking questions that pertain to true or false, or multiple choices are out of the picture. Opinions and imagination are more necessary to calculate ones creativity. Examples of tests include the Torrance Test of Creativity, Christensen-Guilford Tests, and Remote Associates Test. In the Torrance Test, an individual is shown a picture and must explain what they think is happening in the picture, how the scene came about, and what will happen. An evaluator will then grade the level of creativity. The Christensen-Guilford Test, an individual is given a letter and must respond with as many letters possible containing that letter. Another method of this test is also done by giving the person a group of jumbled letters and asking them to say as many sentence possible with the words starting with the letter (Example: RDLS: Rainy Days Look Sad, Red Dogs Like Soup, and Renaissance Dramas Lack Symmetry). The last test is also

Oh 2 related to words. The Remote Associates Test (RAT), asks people to look at three different words and make a sentence out of it (Example: Given the words Slow, Poke, Molasses using the word slow- Slowpoke, go slow, slow as molasses). Evaluation: I really enjoyed this information because I think of myself as creative and have always wanted to be able to test how creative I really am. When I saw that there were actual tests that can measure ones creativity, I was tempted to read about. I believe that the purpose of this article was to show that creativity is something to consider when it comes to psychology. It is important to psychology because its a study about the brain, and what else would be better to measure than a persons level of creativity that initially defines their personality and perspective of the world. I feel like this summary can relate to my topic on the project because creativity can help define a person. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source MLA Format: Book/Magazine Morris, Charles G., and Albert A. Maisto. "Understanding Psychology with DSM-5 Update." Understanding Psychology with DSM-5 Update. Pearson, n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2014. (Morris, Maisto. 202) Summary: Forgetting Whats more annoying that forgetting memories that were once formed? Part of the answer to that question include the biology of memory, and also with the experiences we encounter before or after the memories were created. According to the decay theory, memories

Oh 3 decline due to time passing. An experiment was conducted where participants had to learn a combination of letters such as PSQ. Later, they were given a simple test in which they had to count backwards by 3 from a certain number 167, 164, 161, and so on for up to 18 seconds. The participants are then asked to retell the combination of letters in which surprised the experimenters. The amount of struggle that the individuals had trying to remember their letters was astonishing. It was concluded that counting backwards does not interfere with remembering, but had caused the short term memory to fade. Evaluation: If I could improve anything that has to do with thinking, it would be memory. I always wished I had photographic memory so that I wont have to worry about forgetting information (or more importantly, birthdays). Something that I would want to mention is that the information lacks the researchers theory on why this may happen, only telling us what they have observed. I want to possibly include this in my project because it proves that the mind plays tricks on us, and its methods confuse researchers on why it happens. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source MLA Format: Book/Magazine Morris, Charles G., and Albert A. Maisto. "Understanding Psychology with DSM-5 Update." Understanding Psychology with DSM-5 Update. Pearson, n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2014. (Morris, Maisto. 128) Summary: Dreams

Oh 4 What are dreams? Dreams are defined as visual and auditory experiences that we encounter while we sleep. Its a fact that an average human has about four or five dreams per night. There are different stages of dreaming in which the most important stage is the REM stage (Deep sleep). People who are woken up during their REM sleep stage can report their dreams more vividly up to 80-85% while during the other stage, about 50% which proves that most dreams occur during the REM stage. It used to be that researchers believed dreams happened all at once like a flash of memory before awakened, but new studies show that they correspond to real time. Generally, dreams are sequential stories that externally (noises, images, etc.), and internally (hunger, pain, etc.) effects the stimuli, causing the dreams to keep modifying. This also means its sometimes harder to distinguish dreams from reality. Evaluation: Ive always remembered most my dreams as a kid and always wanted to share what happened with others. Maybe its because my grandmother had named me after Joseph, the Pharaoh of Egypt from the bible who also had many dreams and would interpret them to others, but Ill never know. I would get frustrated from not being able to describe it the same way I encountered it, and from the lack of information that I needed to fully express the emotions that I experienced. Something that stood out to me is that dreams can be manipulated by waking up during a certain time (REM stage), allowing us to control how much information we can remember which gives me hope that we will eventually know how to fully remember dreams or even have Inception-like technologies where we can actually control the environment. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oh 5 Source MLA Format: Book/Magazine Morris, Charles G., and Albert A. Maisto. "Understanding Psychology with DSM-5 Update." Understanding Psychology with DSM-5 Update. Pearson, n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2014. (Morris, Maisto. 404) Summary: Anxiety Related Disorders- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, also known as OCD, involuntarily create thoughts or ideas that keep recurring even though the effected individual may not want to. This event is called compulsions, which are repetitive ritualistic behaviors that a person feels compelled to perform. Most of these obsessive thoughts are often horrifying and frightening. For example, a patient stated that when she thought of her boyfriend, she wished he were dead; when her sister spoke of going to the beach with her infant daughter, she hoped that they would both drown. The reason this disorder is anxiety related is not because of their first hand encounter, but because when attempted to cease the irrational behavior, they experience anxiety. In other words, the reason for the existence of this disorder is to keep the individual from being anxious and keeping the anxiety under control. Evaluation: I always like to have a neat environment, always check my doors to see if theyre locked a couple of times before leaving, and be bothered when something is out of place. When I read about the information pertaining to the patient, I realized that I really do have a case of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. I tend to randomly think of unwanted images, or occurrences that I cannot stop thinking of which scares me because I start to wonder if thats the real me, someone who wants to do harm onto others or see others get injured which is why I chose this

Oh 6 topic. I believe that the fact that OCD is a way to allow people to repel anxiety is a scary thought and a powerful information because its a defense mechanism, not a direct disorder. I believe this means its something that our mind thinks is a better alternative than anxiety itself. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source MLA Format: Online Source Jesslyn. "Subconscious Mind vs Conscious Mind." Clear Purpose Hypnosis. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2014. <http://www.clearpurposehypnosis.com/about-hypnosis/subconscious-mindvs-conscious-mind/>. (Jesslyn.) Summary: Conscious vs Subconscious Mind & Hypnotism The conscious mind is a part of our brain located in the cerebral cortex and is mainly used for thinking. We use this part of our mind to communicate with ourselves and others in the language we prefer, but most importantly It is the analytical, critical, judgmental, thinking mind (makes to-do lists, resolutions, complains, rationalizes, etc.). The subconscious mind is located in the medulla oblongata and the limbic system. It is the nonjudgmental and nonanalytic part of our mind that accepts suggestions without resisting unless it believes that the outcome can be overall harmful or dangerous. Hypnotherapy is a type of therapy where a hypnotist, with the consent of the patient closes down the conscious mind and opens up the subconscious side by helping them relax and allow their conscious mind to drift off leaving the subconscious mind vulnerable. The patient is then suggested to an idea that the two have agreed on beforehand to help the client overcome obstacles; for example weight reduction, smoking cessation, goal motivation, and more.

Oh 7 Evaluation: I went to a hypnotist show recently on campus with some of my friends. The things that he performed amazed me. The actions were all done for humor (ultimately teach students to drink responsibly, but thats irrelevant) which is what my friends mainly got out of it, but for me, I wanted to learn more. I wanted to understand the psychology behind it and what causes people to actually behave the way the hypnotist suggested. After further investigation, I learned about the subconscious and conscious mind. Both of these state of mind is very important to psychology because it pretty much summarizes how our brain reacts to certain situations (conscious mind being the analytical, critical, judgmental, thinking mind). With this information I will be able to incorporate how people think is relevant to their situation for example, how a more relaxed state helps open up the subconscious side. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source MLA Format: Online Source Richards, Thomas A. "What Is Social Anxiety?" Social Anxiety Institute. Highway Twenty, n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. <https://socialanxietyinstitute.org/what-is-social-anxiety>. (Richards.) Summary: Social Anxiety Social anxiety is defined as the fear of interaction with other people that brings on selfconsciousness, feelings of being negatively judged and evaluated, and, as a result, leads to avoidance. This means it is usually caused by the fear of being judged and being thought of in a negative way by other people, which causes them to feel inferior, embarrassed, depressed, and other negative emotions. A good way to test if one has social anxiety is to compare the behavior

Oh 8 of that individual while in a social situation and when theyre alone. If they react with an anxious manner while in a public environment, but acts normal in a public environment, it is a sign of social anxiety. Its proven that therapy can actually help a person become more social and active in their community. A good program that can help with this situation will inform the patient with necessary and specific strategies as well as help people learn how to act and teach them the behaviors that they must practice to overcome their disorder (Information on the type of practices are not given, just information on what therapy can do). Evaluation: As a child, I was always outgoing and never embarrassed to show my emotions, and feelings. Around my late middle school year and up to my junior year in high school I was very awkward. I started to feel like an outcast, constantly mad at myself for not doing certain things such as talking to a girl and other simple things like asking for directions or simply putting myself in a situation that forces me to interact with strangers. That changed when I matured and started not only thinking, but also getting myself to believe that it was completely unnecessary to be afraid, and this article explains the biology of what social anxiety really is. I believe that the purpose of this source is to inform people of the side effects and allowing them to accept that they have social anxiety, assuming the symptoms matched, because like any obstacle, the first step to fixing the problem is accepting the fact that you have the problem. With this I will be able to incorporate into my project what social anxiety really means and how it effects the personality of an individual. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source MLA Format: Digital Source

Oh 9 AsapSCIENCE. "The Science of Procrastination - And How To Manage It." YouTube. YouTube, 19 Sept. 2012. Web. 01 Apr. 2014. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nBwfZZvjKo>. (AsapSCIENCE. "The Science of Procrastination - And How To Manage It.".) Summary: Procrastination Procrastinating is defined as a behavior when one puts off a task to do something else. It is caused by an action called Temporal Discounting. Temporal discounting is when you underestimate the temporal proximity of the reward when doing a certain action. People usually tend to compare the reward based on the time you will achieve the goal. This means that people will decrease the value of the incentive based on how far the objective is due; this is often due to the cause of Present Bias or Hyperbolic Discounting. When you are on Facebook, Youtube, or doing other time wasting activities, the reward seems much greater than getting a good grade on your test until the time comes, and temporal proximity kicks in and increases the value of the reward on the test, usually resulting in cramming. Biologically speaking, the brain receives dopamine (a chemical in your brain) when you do something enjoyable, which in small doses blinds you from the bigger goal and motivates you to continue doing what releases the dopamine. Evaluation: Personally I believe I have a major problem with procrastination. When I saw this video it affected me in positive way because it allowed me to actually see what the process is that goes on in my brain when I procrastinate. I want to possibly include this in my presentation not only because it is psychology related, but to also allow my fellow peers to understand what is actually happening so they may be able to control themselves as well. The purpose of this video is like the purpose of my reason to include this in my presentation: to help others fix their problems.

Oh 10 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source MLA Format: Digital Source AsapSCIENCE. "Can Video Games Make You Smarter?" YouTube. YouTube, 19 Jan. 2014. Web. 01 Apr. 2014. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OOsqkQytHOs>. (AsapSCIENCE Can Video Games Make You Smarter?) Summary: Can Video Games Make You Smarter? It has been a constant back and forth argument between whether video games make you smarter or more stupid. Many studies have shown that playing video games actually improved cognitive functions. For example an experiment was conducted where certain individuals played super Mario for 30 minutes a day for 2 month. The results came back as positive. The group of people who played video games actually had better memory, fine motor skills, and strategic planning compared with others who havent. Another study has shown that playing action games improve the attentiveness of an individual also allowing people who suffer from dyslexia improve their reading speed and accuracy. Evaluation: This video blew my mind. As a gamer myself, I was able to appreciate the information given. Something that stood out to me is that not only does it improve your reactions, but also your memory. This gives people who play game a better advantage at survivability (mentally), than those who dont (although if all you do is play video games it you cant put the new abilities to work). The purpose of this video was to allow the viewers understand that videogames improve your skills, but too much can be bad for you. These facts are interesting but does not relate enough to psychology according to my standards for this project to be incorporated.

Oh 11 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source MLA Format: Online Source Mayer, John D. "Know Thyself." Psychology Today: Health, Help, Happiness + Find a Therapist. Sussex Directories Inc., 10 Mar. 2014. Web. 01 Apr. 2014. <http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/201402/know-thyself>. (Mayer.) Summary: Personal Intelligence Personal Intelligence can be defined as the ability of a person to understand him/herself. People who have this ability can more easily understand personalities of others, their standings, and how they perceive them. This allows the individual to behave in a more leader-like because they are more aware of their reputation. Evaluation: This is interesting because I never knew there was a deeper level of intelligence that allows people to not only understand themselves, but to understand others, and use that to upgrade their reputation. I believe the purpose of this article was to let people know that it is possible to be socially intelligent and understand that some people are more naturally social because of this ability. Because my presentation will have a lot to do with how to identify people and understand their personality more, this article would fit perfectly in it not only because of the fact that this ability exists, but because with this ability, youll be able to do exactly what Im interested in: understanding/reading people. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oh 12 Source MLA Format: Digital Source AsapSCIENCE. "The Science of Love." YouTube. YouTube, 11 Feb. 2013. Web. 01 Apr. 2014. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDMwpVUhxAo>. (AsapSCIENCE. "The Science of Love.") Summary: What is Love? Baby Dont Hurt Me. Love is such a confusing topic. What makes us love? How do people know that theyre in love, or why do we seek love? The answer is simple: nature. From Darwins theory of survival of the fittest, we by nature want to reproduce. This means that being able to find someone who could possibly be a candidate for reproducing attractive. MRI scans have shown that when someone is in love, their brain reacts similar to when someone is on cocaine. This shows that love is an enjoyable feeling that is also addictive. But, its not the cocaine or love that makes us happier, its the experience that we encounter during the involvement of those reactants. When we are in love, not only do you fall in love with the person, but with the environment around you. This triggers your brain to not care about the other difficulties or stress in your everyday life, giving you a happier perspective on life. Why does this happen? Because youre in love, you are releasing dopamine and norepinephrine which gives you motivation, craving, and desire which results in a joyful mood. Evaluation: This information will not be a part of my presentation because it does not relate to peoples personalities enough, even though it is pretty interesting. Something that stuck out to me is that being in love is similar to being on cocaine which surprisingly does not shock me. I had little prior knowledge of dopamine, but this video has shown me that dopamine is a strong

Oh 13 chemical in your brain that helps control your emotions and motivates people to do certain actions whether its positive or negative. Unlike the other articles I see the purpose of this video as an informative source rather than a source that is advice oriented because of how it talks about what happens when youre in love more than how to initiate love.