Fusion of Masses Defined on Infinite Countable Frames of Discernment Florentin Smarandache University of New Mexico, Gallup, USA Arnaud

Martin ENSIETA, Brest, France

Abstract. In this paper we introduce for the first time the fusion of information on infinite discrete frames of discernment and we give general results of the fusion of two such masses using the Dempsters rule and the PCR5 rule for Bayesian and non-Bayesian cases. Introduction. Let = { x1 , x2 ,..., xi ,...x } be an infinite countable frame of discernment, with

xi x j = for i j , and m1 (), m2 () two masses, defined as follows:

such that

m1 ( xi ) = ai [ 0,1] and m2 ( xi ) = bi [ 0,1] for all i {1, 2,..., i,...} ,

m1 ( xi ) = 1 and
i =1

m (x ) =1,
i =1 2 i

therefore m1 () and m2 () are normalized.

Bayesian masses. 1. Lets fusion m1 () and m2 () , two Bayesian masses:

x1 m1 a1 m2 b1

x2 a2 b2

... ... ...

xi ... ai ... bi ...

x j ... x | (conflicting mass) a j .......... bj .......... 1- ai bi

i =1

m12 a1b1 a2b2 ... ai bi ... a j b j ..........

where m12 () represents the conjunctive rule fusion of m1 () and m2 () . a) If we use Dempsters rule to normalize m12 () , we need to divide each m12 ( xi ) by the sum of masses of all non-null elements, and we get: ab m12 DS ( xi ) = i i , aibi
i =1

for all i . b) Using PCR5 the redistribution of the conflicting mass ai b j + bi a j between xi and x j (for all j i ) is done in the following way: ai2b j ai b j i j , whence i = = = ai + b j ai b j ai + b j and

i
bi

j
aj

bi a j bi + a j

, whence i =

bi2 a j bi + a j

.
,

Therefore
ai2b j a j bi2 + m12 PCR5 ( xi ) = ai bi + a j + bi j =1 ai + b j j i

for all i .
Non-Bayesian masses. 2. Lets consider two non-Bayesian masses m3 ( ) and m4 ( ) :

x1 m3 c1 m4 d1

x2 c2 d2

... ... ...

xi ... ci ... di ...

x j ... x c j .......... d j .......... C D

(conflicting mass )

m34 ..................ci di +ci D + Cdi ............... CD 1- CD ( ci di + ci D + Cdi ) where m3 ( xi ) = ci [ 0,1] for all i , and m3 ( ) = C [ 0,1] , and such that m3 ( ) and m4 ( ) are normalized:
i =1

m4 ( xi ) = di [ 0,1] for all i , and m4 ( ) = D [ 0,1] ,

C + ci = 1 and D + di = 1 . for all i {1, 2,...., } , and m34 ( ) = C D , where m34 ( ) represents the conjunctive combination rule. a) If we use the Dempsters rule to normalize, we get: ci di +ci D + Cdi m34 DS ( xi ) = CD + ( ci di + ci D + Cdi )
i =1 i =1

m34 ( xi ) = ci di +ci D + Cdi

i =1

for all i , and

m34 DS ( ) =

CD CD + ( ci d i + ci D + Cdi )
i =1

b) If we use PCR5 , we similarly transfer the conflicting mass as in the previous 1.b) case, and we get: c2d c j di2 i j + m34 PCR5 ( xi ) = ci di + ci D + Cdii + c j + di j =1 ci + d j j i for all i , and

m34 PCR5 ( ) = C D

Numerical Examples. We consider infinite positive geometrical series whose ratio 0 < r < 1 as masses for the sets x1 , x2 ,..., x , so the series are congruent:

If P 1, P 2 ,..., P n ... is an infinite positive geometrical series whose ratio 0 < r < 1 , then

P = 1 r
i =1 i

P 1

Example 1 (Bayesian). 1 Let m1 ( xi ) = i for all i {1, 2,...., } . 2 1 1 m1 ( xi ) = i = 2 = 1 1 i =1 i =1 2 1 2

since the ratio of this infinite positive geometric series is And m2 ( xi ) =

1 . 2

2 for all i {1, 2,...., } 3i 2 2 m2 ( xi ) = i = 3 = 1 1 i =1 i =1 3 1 3 1 . 3

since the ratio of this infinite positive geometric series is

x1 m1 m2

x2

... ...

xi ...

x j ... x

1 2 2 3 2 6

1 22 2 32 2 62

1 2i 2 ... i 3 2 6i

... ...

1 .......... 2j 2 .......... 3j 2 2 2 3 ......... 1 i = 1 6 = j 1 5 6 i =1 6 1 6

m12

...

...

m12 ( ) is the conjunctive rule.

a) Normalizing with the Dempsters we get:

2 2 i i m12 DS ( xi ) = 6 = 6 2 2 i 6 i =1 6 1

= 1 6

2 5 5 = 6i 2 6i

for all i . b) Normalizing with PCR5 we get:

2 m12 PCR5 ( xi ) = i + 6 j =1 j i 1 2 1 4 j 2i 2 3 + 2 j 62i 1 2 1 2 + j + i 2 3 2 j 3i

Example 2 (non-Bayesian). 1 1 Let m3 ( xi ) = i for all i {1, 2,...., } , and m3 ( ) = . 3 2 1 1 1 1 m3 ( ) + m3 ( xi ) = + i = + 3 = 1 , 2 i =1 3 2 1 1 i =1 3 so m3 () is normalized. 1 2 And m4 ( xi ) = i for all i , and m4 ( ) = . 4 3 1 2 1 2 m4 ( ) + m4 ( xi ) = + i = + 4 = 1 , 3 i =1 4 3 1 1 i =1 4 so m4 () is normalized.
4

x1 m3 m4 m34 1 3 1 4

x2 1 32 1 42

... ...

xi

...

x j ... x

1 2 2 3 1 6

1 1 ... .......... i 3 3j 1 1 ... ... .......... i 4 4j 1 2 1 .............. i + i +1 + ......................... 12 3 2 4i

1 2 1 i + i +1 + i i 1 = 6 24 12 3 1

2 1 2 12 3 2 = - 4 = 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 12 5 5 = 1 1 3 1 6 = 8 33 conflicting mass

6 11

a) Normalizing with Dempsters rule we get: 33 1 2 1 + m34 DS ( xi ) = i + 25 12 3i +1 2 4i for all i , and 33 1 33 m34 DS ( ) = = . 25 6 150 b) Normalizing with PCR5 we get
1 1 1 1 2i 2i j j 2 1 + + m34 PCR5 ( xi ) = + 3 4 + 3 4 1 1 12i 3i +1 2 4i j =1 1 + 1 + j i i j 3 j 4i 3 4 for all i , and 1 m34 PCR5 ( ) = . 6 1

References:

1-3. F. Smarandache, J. Dezert, Advances and Applications of DSmT for Information Fusion, Vols. 1-3, AR Press, 2004, 2006, and respectively 2009.