THEME 1

1. What is history?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

2. Give reasons, why do we need to study history?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

3. Explain who are historians?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

4. Who is this Archaeologist?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

5. What is an Archive?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

6. What kind of objects do we keep in a museum?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

1
7. Give one way of measuring time and what was meat by A.D.?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

8. What is meant by B.C. and how many years a there in a century?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

9. What is meant by ‘hijrah’?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

10. The first hijrah was the same year as what year in the Gregorian
calendar and what was the first month of the Muslim calendar?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

11. Name any two month of the Muslim Calendar?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

12. What is meant by chronology?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

2
13. What can you understand from the word historic time?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

14. Explain what is meant by Pre-Historic Time?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

15. Name any two of the division of the historic times?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

16. List down two ages from the Pre-Historic Times?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

17. Give any two types of evidences?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

18. Tell me two examples of artefacts?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

3
19.Name two countries that have early trading relationship with Brunei?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

20. Give two places of archaeological finding to understand the history of

Brunei?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

21.Give two type of evidence to understand Brunei early history?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

22.What is Batu Tarsilah?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

23.Give two sources of how Islam Spread in Brunei?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

4
 THEME 2

1. Which records mention a place called Po-li in the sixth century and
where was the direction in the island of Borneo?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

2. Vijayapura was founded by which royal families and in which century

it entered in the Chinese and Arabs record?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

3. What is meant by Vijayapura and how did the royal families of Funan
come to Vijayapura?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

4. What did the Chinese and Arabs called Vijayapura?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

5. What was the main activity of Vijayapura and what was its main
export?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

5
6. Give examples of the area or length of territory which were controlled
by Vijayapura?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

7. Po-ni entered in the Chinese reports in what year and name one of its
religion?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

8. Po-ni trade was protected by a navy, who was the leader and the sailor
of the navy?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

9. Who visit Po-ni in 1225 and give one of his reports?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

10. Name any two of the reports written by Chua Ju Kua on Po-ni in
1225?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

11. List two areas which were controlled by Po-ni in 1280?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

6
12.What happened to Po-ni in 1365?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

13. Which power attack Po-ni in 1369 and who help Po-ni to fight back
the aggressor?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

14. Describe Po-ni in 1371 as mentioned by the Chinese reports of that

year?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

15. How many brothers did Awang Alak Betatar have and where did they
live?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

16.Who was elected by Awang Alak Betatar to find a new place for
them to live and where did they landed?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

7
17.Which Malay Kingdom Invite Awang Alak Betatar and who was the
Sultan at that time?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

18. Who join Awang Alak betatar in the Journey to Johore and what was
the Islamic name of Awang Alak Betatar?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

19.Who was the third sultan of Brunei and what was he known as?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

20.What building did Sultan Sharif Ali build and he encouraged the
teaching of what subject?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

21.List down two action that was done by Sultan Sharif Ali to show that
Brunei was an Islamic country?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

22.Who were the fifth Sultan of Brunei and his reign was known as what
age?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

8
23. Name two areas that were controlled. by Sultan Bolkiah?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

24.Which European power captured Malacca in 1511 and what happened

to Brunei?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

25.Who was the ninth Sultan of Brunei and what law did he introduced?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

26.Who was on top of the system of Brunei government and who was at
the bottom?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

27. Name two of the wazir in Brunei government?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

28.What are the three tradional land right systems?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

9
29. Explain what is Kerajaan Land?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

30. Explain what is Kuripan Land?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

31. Explain what is Tulin Land?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

32.Name two items that Brunei exports its goods?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

33.What are the items that Brunei imports to be use in Brunei?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

34. Name a t least two countries that Brunei has a trade relation?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

10
 THEME 3

1. What was the name of the ship that landed in Brunei in 1521 and
where did they come from?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

2. Who made the first trip around the world and where did he finally got
murdered?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

3. A Man visit Brunei in 1521, who was he and where did he came
from?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

4. Describe two things that was mention by Antonio Pigafetta in his

description?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

5. Who was the Spanish governor in manila ands when did he sent
official visit to Brunei?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

11
6. Who was the sultan during the castile war and which European power
attack Brunei?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

7. What did the Spanish wanted when they sent an official mission to
Brunei?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

8. When did the Castille war broke out and how many Spanish fleet
attacked Brunei?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

9. Name the two Bruneian noble that help the Spanish?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

10. After the Spanish attack where did Sultan Saiful Rijal go?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

11. Who led the Bruneian army to attack the Spanish and when did the
Spanish was driven out from Brunei?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

12
12.Which Brunei vassal states separate from Brunei and why?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

13.Give two reasons how Sulu become stronger?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

14.Give two reasons why Brunei became weaker?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

15.Who were the two sultans that involved in the first Brunei civil war?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

16.Where did the two sultans stayed during the civil war period?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

17. Who made an agreement with sultan of Sulu in 18th century and what
was the term of the treaty?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

13
18.Who was sent to Brunei in 1774 and what was his duty?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

19.Who attacked E.I.C. trading post and what island did SOAS I offered?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

20.Which European explorer visit Brunei in 1776 and what was his duty?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

21. Give two information’s about Brunei that was mention inside the
Thomas Forrest account?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

14
 THEME 4

1. Who was the 23rd Sultan of Brunei and what were happenings during
his reign?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
2. Who was appointed to be the governor in Sarawak in 1824 and name
the Sultan who selected him?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
3. What was the other name for Kuching and what was their main
export?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

4. Who visit Sarawak in 1834 and why?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

5. Name the two Bruneian nobles that have a friction in Sarawak that
was taken advantage by James Brooke?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

6. Who was appointed as the governor of Sarawak in 1841 and who

signed the agreement?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

15
7. Who signed the treaty of 1842 and what was inside the treaty?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

8. Which European country attack Brunei on 8th July 1846 and why?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

9. A treaty was signed to end the British occupation of Brunei, when was
it sign and describe one of the terms of the treaty?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

10.Which Bruneian island was given to the British in 1846 and who
become its first governor?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

11. Name any two of the terms under the treaty of protection of 1847?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

12. What was sign in 1885 and what are the terms?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

16
13. What was the term of the treaty of protection 1888?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

14. Who took Limbang from Brunei in 17th march 1890 and why?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

15.Who made a report in 1904 about Brunei and what treaty was signed
afterwards?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

16. What was the term of the supplementary protectorate agreement

1905-1906?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

17
 Section A

1. Vijayapura was founded by the royal family members of __________________.

A. Chenla
B. Funan
C. Vyadhapura
( )

2. In the 14th century, the people of __________________ attacked Poni and stole all its
gold and treasures.
A. Chenla
B. Funan
C. Sulu ( )

3. Which state controlled Po-ni in the 14th century?

A. Chenla
B. Majapahit
C. Malacca ( )

Section B

A.

1. What was the name of this new place that they had chosen?

____________________________________________________________________

18
 2. Why did they choose this place? Give two (2) reasons.

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

3. Who followed the brothers when they went on their search for a new place?

____________________________________________________________________

B. Fill in the scroll below with three significant observations made by Chua Ju Kua
on Po-ni in 1225AD.

19
Section C

Po-ni in the 13th century.

20
Imagine that you were living in the 13th century when Chua Ju Kua visited Po-ni. Give a
detailed description of how life was then and some significant customs and traditions that
were practiced.

THEME 1 SECTION B

THE DIVISIONS AND PERIODS OF HISTORY

a) State the TWO period of history. (2)

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__

b) What is Historic Times? (2)

21
 ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__

c) Give ONE period in the Historic Times. (1)

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__

d) Imagine you were living during the Stone Age period. Describe what
would a day in your life. (3)

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__

HISTORICAL EVIDENCES WITH REFERENCE TO BRUNEI

(a) Give any TWO of the types of evidences that tell us about the history of the
early Brunei. (2

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
___

(b) Name the two areas in Brunei where the remains of a trading settlement
were found. (2)

22
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

(c) What were the TWO evidences of the presence of Islam in ancient Brunei?(2)

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
__

(d) What were the two historical sources of Brunei which shows the evidence of
Brunei’s beginnings? (2)

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
__

(e) Why do you think these two historical sources of Brunei were important to
Brunei History? (2)

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___

(f) What type of activity that indicates the archaeological findings in Lumut and
Muara .

23
 _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
____

MEASURING THE PAST.

1. what is one of the ways to measure time?

______________________________________________________________
_

2. Name any TWO types used to count time.

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__

3. The Romans use Gregorian calendar to measure dates, B.C. stands

for before the birth of Prophet Isa and A.D. stands for Anno Domini.
Differentiate between A.D. with B.C.- is this the question?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

24
 ______________________________________________________________
____

4. What is the event of Hjrah?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
___

5. Which year in the Gregorian calendar is the same as 1st Hijrah?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__

6. State TWO differences between Gregorian and Muslim Calendar?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____

ASPECT OF HISTORY

(a) What does Oral History mean? (1)

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__

25
(b) Give TWO examples of each historical evidence below: 2 marks each?

(a) Artefacts: ________________________________________________

(b) Written Evidence: _________________________________________

(c) Give TWO reasons why do we have to study history?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___

(d) Define the word ‘Archaeologist’?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___

(e) Describe the steps of how archaeologists do with their work OR how do
archaeologists work out from their findings at the archaeological sites?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

26
 _________________________________________________________________
___

Theme 2

Section B –Early Brunei

Question One- Po-ni

(a) What was the earlier name of Po-ni before 977AD? (1 mark)

27
____________________________________________________________________

(b) What were the two main religions practiced there? (2 marks)

____________________________________________________________________

(c) How did Po-ni obtain most of its wealth? ( 1 mark)

____________________________________________________________________

(d) What was its main export? (1 mark)

____________________________________________________________________

(e) List two observations made by Chua Ju Kua in his report on Po- ni in 1225?
(2 marks)

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

(f) How do we know that Po- ni was a rich empire in the 13th century? Suggest
evidence. ( 3 mark)

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____

(g) Why did Po-ni decline in the mid 14th century? (3 mark)

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

(h) Po- ni became a vassal state of an empire in the late 14th century. Name this
empire. (1 mark)

____________________________________________________________________

28
 (i) Briefly describe Po-ni’s relations with Majapahit around 1371?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

(j) How did Po-ni become weak and poor in 1371?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Question 2- The Early Sultans of Brunei.

1) What was the Muslim name of Awang Alak Betatar?

____________________________________________________________________

2) In which country was he converted to Islam? 1 Mark

____________________________________________________________________

3) What was the name of the stone tablet which records the genealogy of Brunei
Sultans? 1 Mark

____________________________________________________________________

4) Why was this stone tablet important to Brunei?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

5) Sultan Sharif Ali was known as Sultan Berkat. Give two reasons why he
known as this title? 2 Marks

29
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

6) Why was the period of Sultan Bolkiah’s rule known as the ‘Golden Age’ of
Brunei? 2 Marks

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

7) During the reign of Sultan Bolkiah, Islamic influence spread from Brunei to
many places, even outside Borneo. How did this happen?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

8) In what ways did Sultan Sharif Ali strengthen Islam in Brunei?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

9) What did Sultan Sharif Ali/Sultan Bolkiah/ Sultan Muhammad Hassan do to

spread Islam?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

30
 10) Who introduced Hukum Kanun Brunei?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

11) Explain what is Hukum Kanun Brunei. 3 Marks

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

QUESTION 3 – HOW BRUNEI WAS GOVERNED AND ORGANISED

a] i] Who was the Head of the traditional system of government in Brunei? [1]

__________________________________________________________________

Ii] How was His Highness appointed as the Sultan? [2]

__________________________________________________________________
b] The most important officials in the system of government in Brunei were the
four Wazirs. Name any two of these Wazirs. [2]

__________________________________________________________________

c] Which Cheteria official was in charge of the port and looked after foreign
traders? [1]

__________________________________________________________________

d] Which rank of officials does the Manteri Pendalaman come under? [1]

____________________________________________________________________

31
e] Name one low-ranking officials in the Brunei traditional system of government.
[1]
____________________________________________________________________

f] Name any two of Brunei’s traditional land rights system. [2]

____________________________________________________________________

g ]Explain two of the three traditional land rights in Brunei. [10 marks]

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

QUESTION 4 – EARLY BRUNEI – BRUNEI’s TRADE

a] What was the main activity of ancient Brunei? [1]

____________________________________________________________________

b] Give any three trading partners of ancient Brunei. [3]

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

c] i] Who was the most important trading partner for ancient Brunei? [1]

__________________________________________________________________

ii] What was the product they bought from ancient Brunei? [1]

__________________________________________________________________

d] Name any two of the jungle products exported by ancient Brunei. [2]

32
 ____________________________________________________________________

e] Name any two luxury items from China and Siam, imported by ancient Brunei.
[2]
____________________________________________________________________

Additional Questions for SECTION A:

1. Which of the following names from Chinese archives refer to Brunei in the tenth
century?
A B C D

Poli Sribuza Vijayapura Po-ni

2. What do the names below refer to?

Poli Sribuza Vijayapura Po-ni

A. The names of early Brunei

B. The warriors of Brunei
C. Important places in Brunei
D. Names of Brunei’s export

3. The following officials made up the government of Brunei in the sixteenth

century. Arrange the officials in the order of their importance?
i ii iii iv

cheteria Manteri Pegawai Wazir

A. iv, iii, i and ii

B. i, ii, iii, iv
C ii, i, iv, iii
D iv, i, ii, iii

33
Study the passage below and answer the question entail with it.

Sultan Sharif Ali

The third Sultan of Brunei was Sultan Sharif Ali. He ruled from 1452 to 1455 and
married a daughter of Sultan Ahmad, the first Sultan of Brunei. Sultan Sharif Ali
came from London in Arabia. He was descended from Prophet Muhammad
(Peace be upon him). Sultan Sharif Ali was also known as Sultan Berkat, the
Revered One, because he did so much to spread Islam.

The first thing that Sultan Sharif Ali did regarding Islam, was to build a palace.
As a sign that Brunei was an Islamic country, Sultan Sharif Ali added the name
‘Brunei’ to Brunei.

He also created a Royal Emblem or Janji-Janji, a symbol of the Islamic power

which he had spread in Brunei. We can see this Royal Emblem on the Brunei flag
today.

34
Questions:

a. Sultan Sharif Ali was the third sultan of Brunei. Why do you think he was also
known as Sultan Berkat, the Blessed?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

b. In what ways did Sultan Sharif Ali spread/strengthen Islam in Brunei?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

c. What did Sultan Sharif Ali/Sultan Bolkiah/ Sultan Muhammad Hassan do to

spread Islam?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

d. During the reign of Sultan Sharif Ali/Sultan Bolkiah, Islamic influence spread
from Brunei to many places, even outside Borneo. How did this happen?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

35
 Topic: BRUNEI’S EARLY TRADE

Extract 1

Below are the lists of Brunei’s export and import product of the early years

feathers textiles hornbils camphor

Cutch Brassware Ceramics?

Extract 2 the following information was given from extract 3

On the right, going up, the houses extend about half a mile backwards, with
channels like lanes, between the rows….. Perpendicular and parallel to the
main rivers. And here lie moored, head and stern, the China junks – four of five
of which come annually from Amoy, of five or six hundred tons burden. The
water is salt, and the tide runs about four miles an hour in the springs

Thomas Forrest, A Voyage to New Guinea

and the Moluccas, 1774 - 1776

36
Adapted from History of Brunei Darussalam: Sharing Our Past, secondary 1 & 2
Curriculum Development Department, Ministry of education, Brunei Darussalam, 2007

A) Choose and categorise the products listed in Extract 1, and put them in the chart
below. [6]

Brunei
Darussalam’s
export & import
Exports products
Imports

a) Name FOUR countries that came to Brunei for trading activities OR Name the
trading partners of ancient Brunei. [4]

_________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________
_
b) How did Brunei have trading contacts with the rest of the countries in
Southeast Asia? [3]

37
 _________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
__
Refer to Extract 2 to answer the following question
c) Name the most important Brunei’s trading partner. [1]
_________________________________________________________________
_
d) What commodity was bought by the trader in Brunei? [1]
_________________________________________________________________
_
e) What was the commodity above used for? [1]
_________________________________________________________________
_
f) Name the two groups of traders who used the Port of Malacca. [2]
_________________________________________________________________
_
g) What do you understand by the terms below: [2] –
1. Exports
2. Imports

Additional questions
1. Name TWO of the export products of Brunei in the 16th century?

__________________________________________________________________
2. What was the main activity of ancient Brunei? [1]

__________________________________________________________________
3. Give any three trading partners of ancient Brunei. [3]

__________________________________________________________________

4. Who was the most important trading partner for ancient Brunei?
[1]

38
__________________________________________________________________
5. What was the product they bought from ancient Brunei? [1]

__________________________________________________________________
6. Name any two of the jungle products exported by ancient Brunei.
[2]

__________________________________________________________________
7. OR Name TWO of the export products of Brunei in the 16th century?

__________________________________________________________________

8. Name any two luxury items from China and Siam, imported by
ancient Brunei. [2]

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

39
THEME 3 –
Section A
1. Who were the two Sultans involved during the Brunei Civil War, 1661-
1673? [AO 1]

A. Sultan Muhammad Shah and Sultan Ahmad

B. Sultan Muhammad Ali and Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin

C. Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin and Sultan Muhyiddin

D. Sultan Muhyiddin and Sultan Nasiruddin

2. How long did the Brunei Civil War last? [AO 1]

A. 10 years

B. 11 years
C. 12 years

D. 13 years

3. Why did Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin become fearful and moved to Pulau
Chermin? [AO 2]

A. The new Bendahara was creating chaos in Brunei.

B. Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin had no followers

C. Sultan of Sulu helped Pg Bendahara Pg Muda Bungsu.

D. He was threatened by the family of the late Sultan Muhammad

Ali.

40
4. What was the reason behind the Sultan of Sulu’s involvement in the
Brunei Civil War? [AO3]

A. Sultan of Sulu did not get along with Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin

B. Sultan of Sulu was promised the land of Sabah by Sultan Muhyiddin

C. Sultan Muhyiddin was related with the Sultan of Sulu

D. Sultan of Sulu had the attention to control Brunei.

5. Name the two earliest traders who travelled to all over S.E.A [AO1]

A. Chinese and Arabs

B. Arabs and Indians

C. Indians and Chinese

D. Persians and Arabs

6. Name the Spanish ship that reached Brunei in 1521 [AO 1]

A. Victoria

B. The Royalist

C. Santa Maria

D. Chinese Junks

7. Who led the dangerous journey around the world in 1521? [AO 1]

A. Christopher Columbus

B. Antonio Pigafetta

C. Ferdinand Magellan

D. James Brooke

41
8. Who do you think could have visited Brunei in 1521 and make an account
“The First Voyage Around the World”? [AO 1]

A. Christopher Columbus

B. Antonio Pigafetta

C. Ferdinand Magellan

D. James Brooke.

9. Who was Antonio Pigafetta? [AO 1]

A. British

B. Italian

C. Germans

D. Americans

10.What was the religion of Brunei as mentioned by Antonio Pigafetta in his

account in 1521? [AO 2]

A. Hindu

B. Muslim

C. Chinese

D. Arabs

11.Which European power attacked Sulu in 1578? [AO 1]

A. British

B. Spanish

C. Dutch

D. Portuguese

42
12. How did Sulu break away from the Brunei’s control in the 17th century?
[AO 2]

A. The outbreak of Castille War

B. The outbreak of Brunei Civil War

C. The outbreak of Java War

D. The outbreak of Triangular War

13.What role did the Sulu play after it became an independence Sultanate?
[AO 3]

A. It became the main protector of the Muslims in Mindanao

B. It became the main protector of the Muslims in Brunei

C. It became the main protector of the Muslims in Malacca

D. It became the main protector of the Muslims in Acheh.

14.Who do you think the sultan of Brunei at the time of Antonio Pigafetta’s
visit to Brunei in 1521?

A. Sultan Sharif Ali

B. Sultan Bolkiah

C. Sultan Sulaiman

D. Sultan Muhammad Hassan

15.“The boat people (mostly women) are provided with large bamboo hats,
the shade of which covers a great part of the body, as they draw
themselves up under it and sit, as it were, upon their heels…..” depicted
from Thomas Forrest , A Voyage to New Guinea and the Moluccas. Who
were the boat people mentioned in the passage? [AO 3]

A. Padian

B. Nelayan

43
 C. Penambang

D. Bugis

16. Why did Brunei need European help at the end of 18th century?

A. Brunei wanted to expand its empire

B. Brunei became weak and need protection against Sulu

C. Brunei wanted to improve its trade to other European countries

D. Brunei wanted to improve relations with the other countries.

1. Who was the Spanish Governor sent on an official mission to Brunei in 1576?
a) Ferdinand Magellan
b) Antonio Pigafetta
c) Dr. Francisco de Sande
d) Alexander Dalrymple

2. The Castille war broke out between Brunei and the Spanish in 1578. Who was the
Sultan of Brunei at that time?
a) Sultan Muhyiddin
b) Sultan Saiful Rijal
c) Sultan Muhammad Ali
d) Sultan Abdul Kahar

44
 3. Who were the two Bruneian nobles who helped the Spanish
during the Castille War?
a) Pg. Bendahara Sakam and Pg. Seri Lela
b) Pg. Seri Lela and Pg. Seri Ratna
c) Dr. Francisco De Sande’s men
d) The Chinese traders in Brunei

5. The Castille war broke out for a certain period. How many days did the Spanish
capture Brunei Town?
e) 71 days
f) 72 days
g) 73 days
h) 74 days

6. Below is the timeline on the coming of the British and the establishment of British
trade in Brunei in the 18th century. What happened in 1774?

1773
E.I.C established a 1774 1775
trading post on the ? E.I.C’s trading post
island of was attacked by
Balambangan pirates

a) E.I.C sent John Jesse to Brunei to buy pepper

b) To allow the British to use part of the coast of North Borneo
c) Alexander Dalrymple made an agreement with the Sultan of Sulu
d) Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin I offered the E.I.C the island of Labuan

7.
The war between Brunei and the Spanish in 1578 called the ‘Castille War’ Source: adapted from History for Brunei
Darussalam: Sharing our Past, Secondary 1 & 2, Curriculum Development Department, MOE, Brunei.

Look at the picture above. In 1578, the Bruneians launched a counter attack and
succeeded to drive away the Spanish. Who led the attack?
a) Sultan Saiful Rijal
b) Pg. Seri Lela

45
 c) Pg. Bendahara Sakam
d) Pg. Bendahara Pg. Abdul Mubin

Additional questions:
1. Who was the sultan of Brunei who offered Labuan to the Brtish?

__________________________________________________________________

2. Why did Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin I offer Labuan to the British in 1775?

__________________________________________________________________

Section B Structured questions.

Topics
1. Castille war
2. Civil war
3. The arrival of Spanish
4. Brunei in the 18th century

46
 Arrival of Spanish

1. Name any two traders that came to Brunei?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__
[2]

2. Why did the Europeans start to come to Southeast Asia?

[1]

__________________________________________________________________
3. Which religion attracted the Arabs and Persian traders to come to
Brunei? [1]
__________________________________________________________________
4. Name the Spanish ship that reached Brunei in 1521.
[1]

__________________________________________________________________
5. Who was the Italian man that came to Brunei and wrote about
Brunei in 1521? [1]

__________________________________________________________________

ii) List four things that Antonio Pigafetta reported about the city of
Brunei in 1521.
AO3

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________-
______________________________

Castille war

1. Who was the Sultan of Brunei when the Castille War broke out in
1578? [1]

47
________________________________________________________________
2. Explain the main causes for the outbreak of the Castille War, 1578?
[2]

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. Who led the Spanish to attack Brunei in 1578?

[1]

________________________________________________________________

4.When did the Spanish attack Brunei’s capital? [1]

________________________________________________________________

5. Describe in your own words the events that took place in the
Castille War? [3]

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

6. What were the effects of the Castille War? [2]

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Other questions:
1. Describe the events leading to the outbreak of the Castille war?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

-THE BRUNEI’S CIVIL WAR

48
a) The Brunei’s Civil War broke out during the reign of which sultan? (1mark)

________________________________________________________________

b) How long did the Brunei civil war last? (1mark)

________________________________________________________________

c) Explain the main cause of the Brunei’s civil war? (2marks)

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

d) What did Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin did as soon as he became the next
Sultan replacing Sultan Muhammad Ali? (2Marks)

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

e) Explain the reason for Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin’s appointment of Pg Muda
Bungsu as his new Bendahara? (2marks)

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

f) Which part of Brunei did the Sulu want to claim after the Brunei’s civil war ended?
(1mark)

________________________________________________________________

Other additional questions:

Why did Brunei and Sulu claim control of North Borneo after the Brunei Civil War
ended?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

What were the roles of Sultan Abdul Mubin in the Brunei Civil War, 1661- 1673?

49
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

What were the roles of Sultan Muhyiddin in the Brunei Civil War, 1661-1673?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

What were the effects of the Brunei Civil War, 1661-1673?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Topic: Brunei in the 18th century

1) Where was the Brunei town located? (1)

________________________________________________________________

2) Describe the features (characteristics) of the houses in Brunei towns. (2)

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
.

3) Who do you think ‘the boat people’ were? (2)

________________________________________________________________

4) Name another European who wrote on Brunei other than Thomas Forrest ? (1)

________________________________________________________________

5) Describe Brunei Town from Thomas Forrest findings when he visited Brunei in
1776. (4)

________________________________________________________________

50
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Other suggested questions:

a. Based on Antonio Pigafetta’s description of the city of Brunei in 1521, write a
brief account of of Brunei in the following aspects: transportation, houses,
occupations, ceremony to meet the Sultan.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

b. According to the report written by Thomas Forrest about Brunei 1774-1776,

Brunei town was located about 10 miles up the river from a certain island. What
is the name of this island?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

c. With what people did Brunei conduct trade according to the report written by
Thomas Forrest about Brunei in the 18th century?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

d. According to the report by Forrest, what important product did the chinese obtain
from Brunei?
________________________________________________________________

e. How different is the ‘public market’ describe by Forrest from the market today?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

51
 f. Describe the houses as seen by Forrest.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

g. Who were the boat people as described by Forrest in the 18th century.
________________________________________________________________

THEME 4 section A – THREATS AND RESPONSES

THE REIGN OF SOAS II 1828-1852

British Relations with Brunei & The Province of Sarawak

1. When did Sarawak become a province of Brunei?

a) 14th Century
b) 15th Century
c) 16th Century
d) 17th Century

2.Which territory became a province of Brunei in the 14th century?

A. Sabah
B. Sarawak
C. Limbang
D. Labuan

3. Who developed Kuching and increased its revenue in the early 19th century?

A. Datu Patinggi Ali

B. James Brooke
C. Pengiran Indera Mahkota
D. Pengiran Muda Hashim

4. Why did the local people hate Pengiran Indera Mahkota?

a) He forced the local to pay high toll
b) He gave power to Foreigners
c) He was friendly to James Brooke
d) He forced the local to work in his mines.

5. Why did the people of Sarawak rebel against their Governor in 1839?

52
 A. He used forced labour to mine ore
B. He forced the people to pay high tolls
C. He introduced new taxes
D. He reduced their pensions

6. Who visited Sarawak in 1834?

a) Charles Brooke
b) James Brooke
c) Pengiran Muda Hashim
d) Pengiran Temenggong Pengiran Anak Hashim.

7. Why did Pengiran Muda Hashim come to Sarawak in 1834? A02

A. To put down the rebellion

B. To obtain raw materials
C. To spread Islam
D. To appoint a new Governor

8. What was the reason for the friction between Pengiran Muda Hashim and Pengiran
Indera Mahkota?

A. Pengiran Muda Hashim was not personally welcomed by Pengiran Indera

Mahkota
when he arrived in Kuching.
B. Pengiran Indera Mahkota had attacked the house of Pengiran Muda Hashim
C. Pengiran Muda Hashim appointed James Brooke as the new Governor of Sarawak
D. Pengiran Muda Hashim refused to mine the antimony ore

James Brooke as Governor of Sarawak, August 1842

1. Why did James Brooke go to Sarawak in 1839?

A. He heard of Sarawak’s rich antimony ore.

B. He was invited by Brunei’s Governor.
C. He wanted to help the rebels.
D. He was keen to learn the Malay language

2. What was the situation in Sarawak upon James Brooke’s arrival there in 1839?
A. Pengiran Muda Hashim was murdered
B. Sarawak was poor and deserted

53
 C. The American was trying to take over Sarawak
D. A rebellion led by the Malay chief occurred

3. Apart from the rebellion led by a local Malay chief, what was the other problem
Sarawak faced in 1830s?
A. Disturbances led by James Brooke
B. Conflict between the Brunei Governor and Pengiran Muda Hashim
C. Conflict between the Sultan and the Governor
D. Rebellion led by the Chinese

4. Whom did Pengiran Muda Hashim ask for help to deal with the rebellion in Sarawak
in 1839?
A. John Anderson C. William Cowie
B. James Brooke D. McArthur

5. Who became Governor of Sarawak in 1841?

A. James Brooke C. Hugh Low
B. William Cowie D. Frederick Weld

6. When did James Brooke become Raja of Sarawak?

a) 2 August 1846
b) 2 August 1847
c) 2 August 1848
d) 2 August 1849

7. Whom did James Brooke replace as Governor of Sarawak?

A. Dato Patinggi Ali C. Pengiran Indera Mahkota
B. Pengiran anak Hashim D. Pengiran Muda Hashim

8. Who was forced to step down as Governor of Sarawak and to leave Kuching?
a) Pengiran Muda Hashim
b) Pengiran Anak Badaruddin
c) Pengiran Temenggong Pengiran Anak Hashim
d) Pengiran Indera Mahkota Pengiran Muhammad Salleh

54
 The British attack on Brunei, July 1846

1. Why did British warships attack Brunei in July, 1846?

A. to gain control of the oil industry
B. to protect trade with Singapore
C. to show anger at the murder of Pengiran Muda Hashim
D. to win the support of the Americans

2. Which incident gave James Brooke the opportunity to attack Brunei in July, 1846?

A. The murder of Pengiran Muda Hashim

B. The rebellion in Sarawak
C. The seizure of Labuan
D. The disturbances in Tutong and Belait

James Brooke as Raja of Sarawak, August 1846

1. In what way was the treaty of August 1846 changed James Brooke’s position in
Sarawak?
A. a Governor to a Raja of Sarawak.
B. a Governor to High Commissioner.
C. a Raja to a Governor.
D. a Governor to a Captain.

2. What position did James Brooke hold in Sarawak after the treaty of 1846 with Brunei?
A. Bendahara B. Governor C. Raja D.
Sultan

3. When was James Brooke recognized as the Raja of Sarawak?

A. After the signing of the 1846 treaty
B. After the cession of Labuan
C. After the seizure of Limbang
D. After Brunei came under British protection

55
4. Which territory was surrendered to the British in 1846? J 2003
A. Mukah B. Kuching C. Labuan
D. Limbang

The Cession of Labuan, December 1846

1. Britain used ‘tactics’ to make Brunei gave up Labuan in 1846. What kind of ‘tactics’
did the British use to seize it?
A. exchanging weapons in return for land
B. giving money to the Sultan
C. holding meetings to settle disputes
D. threatening to use force

2. Why did Britain seize Labuan in 1846?

A. to defend Brunei from Sarawak
B. to protect British interests and trade
C. to keep out Chinese influence
D. to set up a naval base against the Dutch
3. With whom did Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien II signed a treaty on 18th
December 1846 whereby the island of Labuan was ceded to the British?
A. Captain Rodney Mundy C. Alexander Dalrymple
B. James Brooke D. Alfred Dent

Anglo-Brunei Treaty of Friendship and Commerce, 1847

1. With which nation did Brunei sign a Treaty of Friendship and Commerce in 1847?
A. Britain B. France C. Germany D. Spain

2. Which Sultan of Brunei signed Treaties of Friendship and Commerce in 1847 and
1850?
A. Sultan Abdul Momin C. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien II
B. Sultan Sharif Ali D. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III

3. What was the purpose of the Treaty of Friendship and Commerce signed
between Brunei and Britain on 27th May 1847?
A. To ensure that Brunei would open its ports to all forigners.
B. To ensure that Brunei would sell all of its pepper to the British.
C. To ensure that Brunei was willing to be under the British
protection.
D. To ensure that Brunei was under British control and influence to
benefit British trade, commerce and teritorial expansion.

56
4. Which of the following statements was NOT the term of the 1847 Treaty of
Friendship and Commerce betwen Briatin and Brunei ?
A. All imports and exports would be free from taxes
B. British subjects would be allowed to live and trade in Brunei
C. The British would pay the Sultan $4,000 annually.
D. The British warsips could enter Brunei ports at all times.

5. Which of the following was agreed in the Treaty of Friendship and Commerce (1847)
A. The British warsips could enter Brunei ports at all times.
B. Brunei would surrender Tutong to Britain.
C. Oil production would be cut.
D. The Dutch would be permitted to establish a base in Brunei.

6. Which of the following was the consequence of the 1847 Treaty of

Friendship and Commerce between Britain and Brunei?
A. The treaty firmly established British influence in Brunei.
B. The treaty granted freedom to any powers to extend their influence
into Brunei.
C. Brunei and Britain remained rivals.
D. Brunei was free from British control.

United States of America-Brunei Treaty of Friendship and Commerce, 1850

7. With which foreign power did Brunei sign a treaty of Friendship and Commerce in
1850?
a) The Dutch
b) The British
c) The Germans
d) The Americans

8. With which nation did Brunei sign a treaty of Friendship and Commerce in 1850?
A. Britain B. Germany C. Spain D. United State

THE REIGN OF SULTAN ABDUL MOMIN (1852-1885)

1. When did Sultan Abdul Momin become the 25th sultan of Brunei?
(A) 1828
(B) 1852
(C) 1885
(D) 1906

Territories Lost to Brooke

57
1. Which territory did Sultan Abdul Momin give to James Brooke in 1853?
(A) Baram
(B) Rajang
(C) Samarahan
(D) Batang Lupar

2. Which territory did Sultan Abdul Momin give to James Brooke in 1853?
A. Baram B. Batang Lupar C. Labuan D. Mukah

3. Which areas were given to James Brooke by the 1855 Treaty with Sultan Abdul
Momin?

(A) Samarahan to Rajang

(B) Rajang to Bintulu
(C) Tanjung Datu to Tanjung Kedurong
(D) Tanjung Kedurong to Baram

4. Which territory did Sultan Abdul Momin give to James Brooke in 1855?
A. Batang Lupar area
B. Rajang to Bintulu
C. Samarahan to Rajang
D. Tanjung Datu to Tanjung Kedurong

5. Which territory did Sultan Abdul Momin give to James Brooke in 1861?

A. Batang Lupar area

B. Rajang to Bintulu
C. Samarahan to Rajang
D. Tanjung Datu to Tanjung Kedurong

6. When did James Brooke leave Kuching after 22 years as the Raja of Sarawak?

A. 1861
B. 1862
C. 1863
D. 1864

58
7. Who replaced James Brooke as the next Raja of Sarawak?

A. James Bond
B. Charles Martel
C. Charles Brooke
D. Charles Chaplin

8. Which areas did Sultan Abdul Momin give to Charles Brooke in 1883?
A. Rajang to Bintulu
B. Samarahan to Rajang
C. Tanjung Datu to Tanjung Kedurong
D. Tanjung Kedurong to Baram

The Formation of British North Borneo Company

1. When was the British North Borneo (Chartered) Company formed?
A. 1821 B. 1841 C. 1861
D. 1881

2. Who formed the British North Borneo Company in 1881? A01

A. Alfred Dent
B. Charles Lee Moses
C. Baron von Overbeck
D. William Hood Torrey

3. An American Consul-General signed a friendship treaty with Sultan Abdul Momin in

1865. Who was he?

A. Alfred Dent
B. C. L. Moses
C. W.J. Torrey
D. Baron von Overbeck

4. Which Sultan of Brunei first leased out almost the entire North Borneo to Moses in
1865?
A. Sultan Hashim C. Sultan Abdul Momin
B. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II D. Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin

5. Which country appointed Charles Lee Moses as its Consul General in Brunei in
1864?
A. Britain B. Portugal C. Spain D. United States of
America

59
 6. Who founded the North Borneo (Chartered) Company in 1881?
A. Dent B. Moses C. Overbeck D. Torrey

7. Who granted a Royal Charter to the British North Borneo (Chartered) Company in
1881?
A. the Emperor of China C. the British government
B. the Governor of Sarawak D. the Sultan of Brunei

8. Who set up the British North Borneo (Chartered) Company in 1881?

A. Dent B. Moses C. Overbeck
D. Torrey

9. In which year did Dent establish the British North Borneo Company?
A. 1861 B. 1871 C. 1881 D. 1891

10. Who set up the British North Borneo Company (BNBC) in 1881?

(A) Alfred Dent

(B) C. L. Moses
(C) Baron von Overbeck
(D) William Hood Treacher

The Amanat 1885

1. Which Sultan declared the Oath of Amanat in 1885 ?
A. Sultan Abdul Momin C. Sultan Omar Ali SaifuddienII
B. Sultan Mhammad Jamalul Alam II D. Sultan Sharif Ali
2. A document was signed on 20 February 1885 to prevent further loss of Brunei lands to
foreign powers. What was the name of the document?

A. Amanat
B. Brunei Constitution
C. Labuan Resolution
D. Sarawak Petition

3. Why was the Oath of Amanat ineffective in achieving its aim?

(A) The British attack Brunei in July 1846

(B) Brunei did not have the military strength to enforce the Amanat/Brunei was
not strong enough to enforce the Amanat
(C) The Anglo-Brunei Treaty of Friendship and Commerce was signed in 1847
(D) The British Government formed the British North Borneo Company (BNBC)

4. Why was the Oath of Amanat ineffective in achieving its aims?

A. Brunei did not have the military strength to enforce the Amanat

60
 B. Sultan Abdul Momin did not take the Amanat seriously
C. The British had the support of the Dutch
D. The British did not respect Malay customs

5. Why was the oath of Amanat ineffective in its aim?

A. the Americans refused to follow the instruction in the Amanat
B. Britain did not take the Amanat seriously
C. Lack of Wazirs’ commitment to uphold the Amanat
D. The locals of Sarawak were against the Amanat

6. When did Sultan Abdul Momin declare the Amanat?

(A) 20 February 1882

(B) 20 February 1883
(C) 20 February 1884
(D) 20 February 1885

7. What was agreed in the Amanat in 1885?

A. to put Brunei under Western administration
B. to stop giving Brunei territories to foreign powers
C. to tax the people of Limbang
D. to trade with China

8.What happened on 20th February 1885 in Brunei ?

A. Terusan and Bintulu were ceded to Charles Brooke
B. The British North Borneo (Chartered) Company was formed
C. Limbang was seized by Charles Brooke from Brunei
D. The amanat was declared by Sultan Abdul Momin

9. Why was Sultan Abdul Momin declared the oath of “Amanat”?

a. to prevent further loses of Brunei’s territories to the westerners
b. to prevent the Spanish from extending their influence into Brunei
c. to settle the quarrel between the Sultan of Brunei and the British
over the financial
d. to make the people of Brunei aware of the importance of education
and good government.

10. What did the land holders of Brunei promise in the Amanat of 1885? A02

A. Not to lease any more of Brunei’s territory to foreign powers

B. Not to resist Charles Brooke’s occupation of Limbang

61
 C. To build more mosques
D. To settle disputes within the royal family

THE REIGN OF SULTAN HASHIM (1885-1906)

Further Loss of Territories

1. Who was the 25th Sultan of Brunei?

a) Sultan Abdul Momin
b) Sultan Hashim
c) Sultan Muhammad Tajuddin
d) Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II

2. When did Sultan Hashim rule Brunei?

A. 1885-1902
B. 1885-1904
C. 1885-1906
D. 1885- 1908
3. Who was the father of Sultan Hashim?
A. Sultan Ahmad

B. Sultan Abdul Momin

C. Sultan Muhammad Alam

D. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II

4. What was the size of Brunei during the reign of Sultan Hashim?
a) Only the size of Limbang
b) Only the size of modern Brunei
c) Only the size of modern Brunei plus the Limbang
d) Only the size of Brunei plus the Limbang and Pandaruan district

5. What were the territories Sultan Hashim inherited when he came to the throne in 1885?

A. Modern Brunei, Limbang, Pandaruan districts

B. Modern Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak
C. Modern Brunei, Sarawak, Limbang

62
 D. Modern Brunei. Labuan, Pandaruan districts

6. Who were two groups that wanted more and more of Brunei territories?
a) Charles Brooke and C.L. Moses
b) James Brooke and W.J. Torrey
c) The British North Borneo Company and W.H.Treacher
d) The British North Borneo Company and the Brooke Government

7. Name the two expansionists that forced the Brunei Sultan to lease more
territories to the westerners.
A. Brooke family and the British North Borneo Company
B. The British East India Company and the Brooke family
C. The British East India Company and the British North Borneo Company
D. The Dutch and the British

8. Which two parties took away many of the Brunei territories in the 19th century?

A. British North Borneo Company and the Brooke’s regime

B. British North Borneo Company and the American Trading Company
C. American Trading Company and the Labuan Coal Company
D. Labuan Coal Company and the Brooke’s regime

The Treaty of Protection, 1888

1. What was the main aim of the British when they signed the Treaty of Protection with
Brunei in 1888?
A. to gain access to Brunei’s oil C. to prevent other countries intervening in
Brunei
B. to help improve Brunei’s schools D. to protect Brunei from communism

2. Who signed the Protectorate Agreement in 1888?

A. Sultan Abdul Momin and Charles Brooke C. Sultan Hashim and Charles
Brooke
B. Sultan Abdul Momin and Hugh Low D. Sultan Hashim and Hugh
Low

3. Who signed the Protectorate Agreement of 1888 on behalf of Britain?

A. Brooke B. Low C. Trevenan D. Weld

4. Who negotiated the Protectorate Agreement ( 1888 ) with Sultan Hashim ?

A. Brooke B. Ferguson C. Low D. McArthur

5. In 1888, Sultan Hashim signed a treaty with Britain. Which one of the following was a
result of the treaty?

63
 A. Brunei became a British Protected State
B. A British High Commissioner was appointed in Brunei
C. Brunei accepted a British Resident
D. Brunei became a member of the United Nations

6. What was a consequence of the Protectorate Agreement of 1888? A02

A. Brunei grew in size

B. Brunei became a British Protectorate
C. The British gave up their extra territorial rights
D. The Germans gained a foothold in Brunei

7. According to the Protectorate Agreement (1888) who would be responsible for Brunei’s
external affairs?
A. the British Government C. the Brunei
Government
B. the British North Borneo (Chartered) Company D. the Raja of
Sarawak

8. Why was the 1888 Protectorate Agreement important in the history of Brunei?
A. Britain took control of Brunei’s external affairs
B. Brunei took over Sarawak
C. It bought a new Sultan to the throne
D. The British North Borneo Company was granted a charter

9. Why was the Protectorate Agreement of 1888 a disappointment for Sultan Hashim? J
2006
A. A British Resident was appointed
B. He had to give up the throne
C. It allowed Japanese interference in Brunei
D. It did not prevent Sarawak from taking over Limbang

10. What was the consequence of the Protectorate Agreement of 1888?

(A) Brunei grew in size

(B) Brunei became a British Protectorate
(C) The Germans gained a foothold in Brunei
(D) The British give up their extra-territorial rights

The Seizure of Limbang

1. Who seized Limbang in 1890?
A. Charles Brooke B. James Brooke C. James Ferguson D. Noel
Trevenan

64
2. What area in the Brunei Sultanate was seized by Charles Brooke in 1890?
A. Belait B. Limbang C. Muara D. Tutong

3. Which part of Brunei was taken by Sarawak in 1890? A01

A. Limbang
B. Labuan
C. Baram
D. Terusan

4. Which territory was taken from Brunei by Sarawak in 1890?

A. Bintulu B. Labuan C. Limbang D. Mukah

5. Which part of Brunei was taken by Sarawak in 1890?

A. Baram B. Kuching C. Labuan D. Limbang

6. Which British Consul of Borneo led a mission to investigate the situation in Limbang?
A. Anderson B. Hewett C. Low D. Trevenan

7. What was Limbang’s major product in 1890?

A. coal B. oil C. rubber D. sago

8. Which major resource came from Limbang in the late nineteenth century?
A. copper B. gold C. sago D. tin
9. What was a major product of Limbang in the nineteenth century?
A. coal B. oil C. rubber D. sago
10. Why did Charles Brooke want Limbang from Sultan Hashim in 1890?

(A) It was the richest district of Brunei

(B) He was invited to do so by Sultan Hashim
(C) The people of Limbang wanted to be under British rule
(D) He argued that Limbang was part of the lands given to him in 1884

11. Why did Charles Brooke want to keep control of Limbang?

A. It was the richest district of Brunei
B. It had rich oilfields
C. It produced large quantities of cutch
D. It was the main rubber producing area

12. Why did Brunei want to keep control of Limbang?

65
 A. It had large rubber plantations C. It produced large quantities
of cutch
B. It had rich oilfields D. It produced large quantities
of sago

13. Why did Charles Brooke seize Limbang in 1890?

A. He was invited to do so by Sultan Hashim
B. He was ordered to do so by the British Government
C. It was the richest district of Brunei
D. The people of Limbang wanted to be under British rule

14. Which British Consul of Borneo led a mission to investigate the situation in
Limbang?

A. Clementi Smith
B. Low
C. Weld
D. Trevenan

15. What was the objective of the British Government to send Noel Trevenan , a
new Consul for Borneo to Limbang?
A. to persuade Sultan Hashim to agree to British protection
B. to find the views of Brooke’s annexation of Limbang
C. to accept British Resident in Brunei
D. to seek the views of the people of Brunei on Malaysia Plan

16. Which of the following was NOT Sultan Hashim ‘s reaction to Brooke’s
annexation of
Limbang?
A. He asked help from foreign power to get back Limbang
B. He protested to the British Government
C. He went to see Charles Brooke and asked him to return Limbang
D. He asked the British to honour the 1888 Treaty of Protection.

Disturbances in Belait and Tutong

1. What was the main cause of the disturbances in Belait and Tutong?

(A) Charles Brooke wanted to annex Belait and Tutong

(B) The people in both areas murdered the tax collector
(C) Sultan Hashim wanted to cede Belait and Tutong to Charles Brooke
(D) The heavy taxes imposed by the Tulin holders to the people in both areas

66
2. To whom did the British try to persuade Sultan Hashim to cede Belait and Tutong in
1902?
A. France B. Japan C. Sarawak D. The Philippines

3. How much compensation did Charles and Hewett offer Sultan Hashim for ceding
Belait and Tutong?
A. $2000 a year B. $3000 a year C. $4 000 a year D. $5000 a year

4. Identify the Sultan of Brunei who said ’What would happen to me, my chiefs and
my descendents ? I should be left like a tree, stripped off branches and twigs.’
A. Sultan Abdul Momin C. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin I
B. Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin D. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II

5. What incident made Sultan Hashim said these words ’What would happen to me, my
chiefs and my descendents ? I should be left like a tree, stripped off branches and twigs.’?
A. When Charles Brooke wanted Sultan Hashim to give up Belait and Tutong

B. After the British government wanted to control Labuan

C. After Charles Brooke seized Limbang

D. When Brunei came under the British protection

The McArthur Report 1904 & Supplementary Protectorate Agreement, 1905/1906

1. To which country did Sultan Hashim write a letter in 1903 asking for help?
A. China
B. Germany
C. Turkey
D. USA
2. From which country did Sultan Hashim seek help in 1903 to regain Brunei’s lost
territories?
A. France B. Germany C. Spain D. Turkey

3. In 1903 which country did Sultan Hashim Aqamaddin ask to help him to regain
Brunei’s lost territories?
A. France B. Spain C. Turkey D. United States of America

4. Why did the British government send Malcolm McArthur to Brunei in 1904 ?

A. To write a report about the problem in Brunei

B. to persuade Sultan Hashim to agree to British protection

67
 C. to find the views of Brooke’s annexation of Belait and Tutong
D. to seek the views of the people of Brunei on succession dispute

5 Who signed the Supplementary Protectorate Agreement with Britain in 1905/6? A01
A. Sultan Abdul Momin C. Sultan Hashim Aqamaddin
B. Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin D. Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam II

6. Which British official signed the 1905/6 Supplementary Protectorate Agreement?

A. Brooke B. Hewett C. Low D. Anderson

7. What was the main result of the Supplementary Protectorate Agreement of 1905/6?

A. Limbang was returned to Brunei

B. Brunei accepted a British Resident.
C. A Legislative Council was set up
D. The British agreed not to intervene in Brunei’s affairs

8. What was a major result of the Supplementary Protectorate Agreement 1905/6?

A. A British Resident was appointed
B. Brunei and Sarawak were united
C. Brunei was taken over by Britain
D. The Royal Brunei Malay Regiment was set up

68
Section B – Structured Questions for Theme 4
The Reign of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II (1828-1852)

Question 1: The Province of Sarawak

1. What was the old name for Kuching? [1 mark]

_______________________________________________________________________

2. Who was appointed as the Governor of Sarawak in 1824? [1 mark]

_______________________________________________________________________

3. How did Pengiran Indera Mahkota develop the province of Sawarak? [2 marks]

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

4. What were the reasons for the dispute between Pengiran Indera Mahkota
Pengiran Muhammad Salleh and Pengiran Muda Hashim? 4 marks

69
 _______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

5. In what ways did / How did the dispute between PIM Pg Muhammad Salleh and
Pengiran Muda hashim give an advantage to James Brooke? [2 marks]

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Question 2: James Brooke as Governor of Sarawak, August 1842

1. When did James Brooke arrive in Kuching? [1 mark] [AO1]

_______________________________________________________________________

2. Why did James Brooke go to Sarawak in 1839? 3 mark

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

3.What did Pg Muda Hashim offer to James Brooke if he could defeat the rebels in
Sawarak? [2 marks]

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

70
3. How did James Brooke become the Governor of Sarawak in 1842?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

4. Why was James Brooke confirmed as Governor of Sarawak in 1842 ?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

5. Why did James Brooke signed another treaty in 1842? [2 marks] [AO2]

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

6. What was importance of the 1842 Treaty to James Brooke?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

71
The British attack on Brunei, July 1846, James Brooke as Raja of
Sarawak, The Cession of Labuan, December 1846

1. What incident gave James Brooke an excuse to attack Brunei in July 1846?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

2. How did the British help James Brooke in attacking Brunei in July 1846?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

3. Which power helped Brooke to attack Brunei in July 1846?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

4. Give two/three of the gains made by James Brooke in the treaty signed by
the Sultan in August 1846.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

5. How did James Brooke become Raja with the right to rule Sarawak in 1846

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

6. Explain the importance of the Treaty of Labuan (1846).

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

72
TREATIES WITH BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Treaty of Friendship and Commerce, 1847

1.What was the importance of the 1847 Treaty of Friendship and Commerce
with Britain?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
___

2.What did Britain gain from the Treaty of Friendship and Commerce signed
in 1847?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________-
___

THE REIGN OF SULTAN ABDUL MOMIN

Territories lost to James Brooke- suggested questions

1. Why did Sultan Abdul Momin have difficulties in preventing the Brookes
from obtaining Bruneian territory?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

2. Name three territories lost by Brunei to Sarawak during the reign of Sultan
Abdul Momin/between 1841 and 1905.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

73
3. What did James Brooke gain from the agreements with Abdul Momin in
1853 and 1855

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

4. Describe the losses of land by Brunei to James and Charles Brooke

after 1846.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
___
5. Explain why there was a threat that Brunei would have little land of its
own left in the 1880s.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
7. How was Charles Brooke able to expand his influence in Brunei?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
___
8. How do you think the Sultan felt when large parts of Brunei came under
foreign rule?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
___

9. How did the Sultan react to the loss of Brunei territories to foreign
powers?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
___

QUESTION 4 – THE CONCESSIONS IN NORTH BORNEO.

74
 a. Who was appointed as American Consul General in Brunei in
1864 ? . (1m)

___________________________________________________________________________

b. State the name of the Sultan of Brunei during the

encroachment of North Borneo . (1m)

___________________________________________________________________________

c. Describe the activities of Charles Lee Moses In Brunei in 1865 .

(4m)

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
d. Explain how The American Trading Company became the
British North Borneo Company . (3m)

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

e. Who was appointed as the First Governor of North Borneo ?

(1m)

___________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITIES OF THE BRITISH NORTH BORNEO (CHARTERED) COMPANY

The Origins of the BNBC

1. From which countries did the following, who were involved in leasing
North Borneo, come: (i) Charles Lee Moses, (ii) W.J.Torrey (iii)
Baron Overbeck

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

75
2.Give the names of three people who held the leases to North Borneo
(Sabah) before the British North Borneo Company was formed in 1881.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

3. Describe the activities of Charles Lee Moses in Brunei.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

4. What land was leased to Charles Lee Moses in 1865 by Sultan Abdul
Momin & Pengiran Temenggong Anak Hashim?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

5. Why do you think the leases were given?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

6. Explain how the American Trading Company became the British North
Borneo Company?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

76
 7. Describe the events between 1865 and 1881 which led to the setting
up of the British North Borneo (Chartered) Company.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Establishing of BNBC

8. Describe the events leading to the ‘formation of the British North

Borneo (Chartered) Company in 1881’.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

9. Describe the activities of the British North Borneo Company.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

OATH OF AMANAT, 1885

1.What was the Oath Amanat (1885)?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

77
2.What were its results?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

3.Name three groups of people who agreed ‘not to cede or lease any
remaining Brunei territories to foreign powers’ in the Amanat of 1885.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

4.Why was there a meeting between Sultan Abdul Momin and the Brunei
chiefs in 1885?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

5.Why was the Oath of Amanat declared in 1885?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

6.Why did Sultan Abdul Momin declare the Amanat in 1885?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

7.Why was the Amanat ineffective in stopping further loss of territory?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

8.Was the Amanat of 1885 effective in stopping the further loss of

territory?

78
 ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

9.In your opinion was it possible for the Sultan and the people of Brunei at
that time to prevent the foreigners from taking their territories.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

THE REIGN OF SULTAN HASHIM (1885-1906)

Further Loss of Territories
The Treaty of Protection, 1888

QUESTION 3 – THE 1888 TREATY OF PROTECTION AND THE LOSS OF

LIMBANG 1890.

(a) Name the two representatives from Brunei and Britain who signed the
Treaty of Protection.
(2)

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

(b) Why did Sultan Hashim sign the Treaty of Protection in 1888?
(2)

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

(c) State any two terms of the 1888 Treaty of Protection.

(2)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

(d) Why had Britain allowed Brooke to take Limbang.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

79
 (e) Describe Sultan Hashim’s reaction to the seizure of Limbang.
(3)

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

(f) Explain the statement that in 1885 Sultan Hashim inherited a shrinking
Kingdom/a much smaller kingdom than when his father was Sultan.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

(g)Name three British government representatives who were involved

with Brunei during the reign of Sultan Hashim Aqamaddin.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

CAUSES OF THE PROTECTORATE AGREEMENT 1888

1.How was Brunei affected by the activities of Charles Brooke and the British
North Borneo (Chartered) Company?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2.In what ways did the British North Borneo Company cause problems
for Brunei after 1881? OR in what ways did Brooke family cause problems
for Brunei during the reign of Sultan Abdul Momin/Sultan Hashim?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

80
3.Why was Sultan Hashim determined to stop further losses of land before
1887?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4.Why did Britain want to establish a protectorate in Brunei in 1888?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

The Protectorate Agreement, 1888

1.Why was the Protectorate Agreement made in 1888?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2.Why did Sultan Hashim Azamaddin agree to the British-Brunei Protectorate

Treaty of 1888?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3.Why did Sultan Hashim Aqamaddin agree to sign the Protectorate Treaty in
1888?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4.What were the terms of the British-Brunei Protectorate Treaty of 1888?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

5.What were the main terms of the 1888 Protectorate Agreement ?

81
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

6.State briefly three terms of the British-Brunei Protectorate Treaty of 1888.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

7.Give two advantages gained by Britain in the 1888 Protectorate

Agreement.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

THE EFFECTS OF THE PROTECTORATE AGREEMENT

Reasons for the Failure of the Protectorate Agreement & Events

after the signing of the Protectorate Agreement

1.Why was the Sultan Hashim Aqamaddin unhappy about the results of the
Protectorate Treaty (1888)?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2.Why was the Sultan Hashim dissatisfied with the Agreement?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

The Seizure of Limbang

1.Why did Charles Brooke seize Limbang in 1890?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2.Why did Charles Brooke want Limbang?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3.What method did he use to seize it?

82
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4. Why was Limbang an important part of the Brunei Sultanate before 1890?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Reactions to the annexation of Limbang

1.What was Sultan Hashim’s reaction to the seizure of Limbang?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2.How did Sultan Hashim show his anger at the loss of Limbang?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3.State three ways that Sultan Hashim made protests when Britain failed to
act after Limbang was seized.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4.Give three ways in which the Sultan of Brunei showed his objections to the
loss of Limbang in 1890.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

5.Why was Sultan Hashim disappointed with the British government after
Charles Brooke seized Limbang in 1890?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

6.Why had Britain allowed Brooke to take Limbang?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

A Mission led by Trevenan to investigate the situation in Brunei &

S.Hashim’s demand that Britain honour the 1888 Treaty of
Protection

83
1.Why were the findings of the Trevenan Mission rejected by the Sultan of
Brunei? OR Why did Sultan Hashim object to the findings of the Trevenan
mission?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Disturbances in Belait and Tutong

1. What was the main cause of the disturbances in Belait and Tutong?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. To whom did the British try to persuade Sultan Hashim to cede Belait and
Tutong in 1902?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. How much compensation did Charles and Hewett offer Sultan Hashim for
ceding Belait and Tutong?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4. What was Sultan Hashim’s reaction to the demands of Charles and Hewett
regarding Belait and Tutong? OR how did Sultan Hashim react to the
demands made by Charles and Hewett regarding Belait and Tutong?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

5. When did Sultn Hashim say these words ’What would happen to me, my
chiefs and my descendents ? I should be left like a tree, stripped off
branches and twigs.’

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

6. What event prompted Sultan Hashim to say these words ’What would
happen to me, my chiefs and my descendents ? I should be left like a tree,
stripped off branches and twigs.’?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

84
The McArthur Report 1904 & Supplementary Protectorate
Agreement, 1905/1906

1. To which country did Sultan Hashim write a letter in 1903 asking for help?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. From whom did Sultan Hashim hope for help in regaining Limbang?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. Why was his letter for help never delivered?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4. From which country did Sultan Hashim seek help in 1903 to regain
Brunei’s lost territories?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

5. In 1903 which country did Sultan Hashim Aqamaddin ask to help him to
regain Brunei’s lost territories?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

6. Why did the British government send Malcolm McArthur to Brunei in

1904?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

85
Supplementary Protectorate Agreement, 1905/1906

1. What was the agreement that brought Brunei under the British
Residential System?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. Who signed the Supplementary Protectorate Agreement with Britain in

1905/6?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. Which British official signed the 1905/6 Supplementary Protectorate

Agreement?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4. Why was the Supplementary Protectorate Agreement 1905/06 signed?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

5. What was the main result of the Supplementary Protectorate

Agreement of 1905/6?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

6. What was a major result of the Supplementary Protectorate Agreement

1905/6?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

7. How was the Supplementary Protectorate Agreement of 1905/6

different from the 1888 Treaty of Protection?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

8. How did the treaties of 1888 and 1905/6 signed with the British affect
the government of Brunei?

86
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
9. What changes were made in the way that Brunei was governed by the
Supplementary Protectorate Agreements of 1905-6.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

10.How was the Sultan’s position affected when he agreed to sign the
Supplementary Protectorate Agreement, 1905-6?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

General questions:
1. Name three Sultans ‘affected by the British presence in Brunei’
between 1840 and 1905.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. How do you think the Sultan felt when large parts of Brunei came under
foreign rule?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. How did the Sultan react to the loss of Brunei territories to foreign
powers?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

87
SECTION C – STIMULUS QUESTIONS
THEME 4
Extract 1

JAMES BROOKE AS GOVERNOR OF SARAWAK, AUGUST 1842

Over many centuries, Europeans came to Brunei. In the period 1800 to 1900 there were
many examples of adventures, traders and government representatives arriving. What
they did, affected the Sultanate of Brunei, often badly. James Brooke was an adventurer
who visited Sarawak in 1839.

Q.1 When did James Brooke arrive in Sarawak?(1 mark)

_______________________________________________________________________
_

Q.2 Why was James Brooke interested in Sarawak?(2 marks)

_______________________________________________________________________
_
Q.3 Who welcomed the arrival of James Brooke at Sarawak? (1 mark)

88
_______________________________________________________________________
_

Q.4 Which incident caused friction between Pengiran Indera Mahkota and
Pengiran Muda Hashim?(4)

_______________________________________________________________________
_

_______________________________________________________________________
_

_______________________________________________________________________
_
Q.5 What did Pengiran Muda Hashim offer to James Brooke if he crushed the
disturbances in Sarawak?(2 marks)

_______________________________________________________________________
_

_______________________________________________________________________
_

Q.6 When did James Brooke sign the treaty with Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien II
which appointing him as the Governor of Sarawak? (1 mark)

_______________________________________________________________________
_

_______________________________________________________________________
_

Other Suggested questions:

6. Explain the dispute between Pengiran Indera Mahkota Pg Muhammad Salleh
and Pengiran Muda Hashim.[4 marks] [AO3] OR – What were the reasons for the
dispute between Pengiran Indera Mahkota Pengiran Muhammad Salleh and Pengiran
Muda Hashim?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

89
 7. Give two effects for the dispute between Pg Indera Mahkota and Pengiran Muda
Hashim. [2 marks] [AO2] – In what ways did / How did the dispute between PIM Pg
Muhammad Salleh and Pengiran Muda hashim give an advantage to James Brooke?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

8. Why was James Brooke interested in Sarawak?[AO1]- OR Why did James Brooke
go to Sarawak in 1839? OR Give two reasons for the intervention of James Brooke
in Sarawak. [2 marks][AO2]

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

9. What did Pg Muda Hashim offer to James Brooke if he could defeat the rebels
in Sawarak? [2 marks] [AO2}

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

10. How did James Brooke become the Governor of Sarawak in 1842?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

11. Why was James Brooke confirmed as Governor of Sarawak in 1842 ?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

12. Why did James Brooke sign another treaty in 1842? [2 marks] [AO2]

90
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

13. What were the outcomes of the 1842 treaty? [2 marks] [AO2] OR What was
importance of the 1842 Treaty to James Brooke?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

91
Extract 2
BRITISH ATACK ON BRUNEI, JULY 1846

Three years after the 1842 treaty, Pengiran Muda Hashim and his followers returned to
Brunei. James Brooke promised to support Pengiran Muda Hashim if he tried to claim the
throne of Brunei. This shows that there were continuing problems in Brunei about who
should be the rightful Sultan.
Adapted from History For Brunei Darussalam: Sharing our Past Secondary 1&2
Curriculum Development, Ministry Education Brunei.
Q.1 Describe the events which led to the British attack on Brunei town, July 1846.
(6marks)

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__
_______________________________________________________________________
_
_______________________________________________________________________
_
_______________________________________________________________________
_
_______________________________________________________________________
_
_______________________________________________________________________
_
_______________________________________________________________________
_

92
Q.2 Why did James Brooke attack Brunei in 1846? (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________
_
_______________________________________________________________________
_
_______________________________________________________________________
_
Other question:
1.What incident gave James Brooke an excuse to attack Brunei in July 1846?
_______________________________________________________________________
_
_______________________________________________________________________
_
_______________________________________________________________________
_

2.How did the British help James Brooke in attacking Brunei in July 1846?

_______________________________________________________________________
_
_______________________________________________________________________
_

3.Which power helped Brooke to attack Brunei in July 1846?

_______________________________________________________________________
_
_______________________________________________________________________
_

Q.3 When did the British attack and occupy Brunei town? (2 marks)

_______________________________________________________________________
_
_______________________________________________________________________
_

93
 STIMULUS QUESTION

JAMES BROOKE AS GOVERNOR OF SARAWAK, AUGUST 1842

Extract 1

Over many centuries, Europeans came to Brunei. In the period 1800 to 1900 there
were many examples of adventures, traders and government representatives

94
arriving. What they did affected the Sultanate of Brunei, often badly. James Brooke
was an adventurer who visited Sarawak in 1839.
October/November 2002 O LEVEL

Q.1 When did James Brooke arrive in Sarawak? (1

mark)

_______________________________________________________________________________
Q.2 Why was James Brooke interested in Sarawak? (2
marks)

_______________________________________________________________________________
Q.3 Which two Brunei nobles welcomed James Brooke when he arrived in Sarawak in
1839 ? (2 mark)

______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Q.4 Which incident caused friction between Pengiran Indera Mahkota and Pengiran
Muda Hashim?(4)
______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Q.5 What did Pengiran Muda Hashim offer to James Brooke if he crushed the
disturbances in Sarawak? (2 marks)
______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Q.6 When did James Brooke sign the treaty with Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien II
appointing him as the Governor of Sarawak? (1 mark)

______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

TREATIES WITH BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Treaty of Friendship and Commerce, 1847

1.What was the importance of the 1847 Treaty of Friendship and Commerce with
Britain?
______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2.What did Britain gain from the Treaty of Friendship and Commerce signed in 1847?
______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

95
BRUNEI UNDER SULTAN ABDUL MOMIN (1852-85)

Picture Of Sultan Abdul Momin 1852-1885

Extract A,

During this period, Brunei faced external threats from two sides. One came from Brooke
regime as they expanded Sarawak further east towards Brunei. The other threat came
from the British North Borneo Company, which gained concessions of land and pushed
west towards Brunei. As a result of these two external pressures, Brunei became smaller
and smaller.

Extract B,

Sultan Abdul Momin realized the dangerous position of Brunei at this time. As a result
in 1885, he made an agreement with his leading ministers and landholders. This Amanat
was signed 20th February 1885.

96
1. Who did Sultan Abdul Momin succeed as the 24th Sultan of Brunei? (1)

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

2. Give two reasons why James Brooke signed a new treaty on 24th August 1853
with Sultan Abdul Momin? (2)

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

3. Which territories were granted to James Brooke in the 1855 treaty? (1)

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

4. Which territories were ceded to James Brooke in the 1861 treaty?(1)

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

5. Who replaced James Brooke as the new Raja of Sarawak in 1863? (1)

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

6. State the Origin of the following person related to North Borneo encroachement:-
i. C.L Moses
ii. Baron Von Overbeck
iii. Alfred Dent (3)

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

7. Who was appointed as the American Council General in Brunei in 1864? (1)

97
 ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

8. What did CL Moses gained from the 1864 treaty with Sultan Abdul Momin?(1)

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

9. How did Baron Von Overbeck get his concession over North Borneo? (2)

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

10. Who set up the British North Borneo Company in London? (1)

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

11. What was the Amanat? (2)

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

12. Why did Sultan Abdul Momin declare the Amanat in 1885?(2)

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

13. Why was the Amanat ineffective?(2)

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

Other suggested questions:

THE REIGN OF SULTAN ABDUL MOMIN

Territories lost to J Brooke- suggested questions

98
1.Why did Sultan Abdul Momin have difficulties in preventing the Brookes from
obtaining Bruneian territory?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

2.,Name three territories lost by Brunei to Sarawak during the reign of Sultan
Abdul Momin/between 1841 and 1905.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

3.What did James Brooke gain from the agreements with Abdul Momin in 1853 and
1855?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

4.Describe the losses of land by Brunei to James and Charles Brooke after 1846.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

5.Explain why there was a threat that Brunei would have little land of its own left in
the 1880s.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

6.How was Charles Brooke able to expand his influence in Brunei?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

7.How do you think the Sultan felt when large parts of Brunei came under foreign
rule?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

99
8.How did the Sultan react to the loss of Brunei territories to foreign powers?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

SUGGESTED QUESTION: ACTIVITIES OF THE BRITISH NORTH BORNEO (CHARTERED) COMPANY

The Origins of the BNBC

1.From which countries did the following, who were involved in leasing North Borneo,
come: (i) Charles Lee Moses, (ii) W.J.Torrey (iii) Baron Overbeck

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

2.Give the names of three people who held the leases to North Borneo (Sabah) before the
British North Borneo Company was formed in 1881.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

3.Describe the activities of Charles Lee Moses in Brunei.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

4.What land was leased to Charles Lee Moses in 1865 by Sultan Abdul Momin &
Pengiran Temenggong Anak Hashim?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

5.Why do you think the leases were given?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

100
6.Explain how the American Trading Company became the British North Borneo
Company?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

7.Describe the events between 1865 and 1881 which led to the setting up of the British
North Borneo (Chartered) Company.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

Establishing of BNBC

1.Describe the events leading to the ‘formation of the British North Borneo (Chartered)
Company in 1881’.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

2.Describe the activities of the British North Borneo Company.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__

OATH OF AMANAT, 1885

1.What was the Oath Amanat (1885)?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

2.What were its results?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

101
3.Name three groups of people who agreed ‘not to cede or lease any remaining
Brunei territories to foreign powers’ in the Amanat of 1885.

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

4.Why was there a meeting between Sultan Abdul Momin and the Brunei chiefs in
1885?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

5.Why was the Oath of Amanat declared in 1885?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

6.Why did Sultan Abdul Momin declare the Amanat in 1885?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

7.Why was the Amanat ineffective in stopping further loss of territory?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

8.Was the Amanat of 1885 effective in stopping the further loss of territory?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

9.In your opinion was it possible for the Sultan and the people of Brunei at that time
to prevent the foreigners from taking their territories.

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__

102
Questions -
1. Write 4 ways in which the Japanese forced ‘Nipponisation’ in Brunei.

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Explain how the Japanese occupation affected Brunei.

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3. Brunei was under the Residential System. It had signed the Protectorate
agreement and the Supplementary Protectorate Agreement. It was the
duty of the British to protect Brunei from the external aggression.
Explain why the British could not protect Brunei from the Japanese
occupation.

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

4. In your opinion how was Brunei affected by the loss of Limbang

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

103
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

5. How did Sultan Abdul Momin react to the loss of Brunei territories to
foreign powers?

__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____
6. In your opinion explain why it was not possible for Sultan Abdul Momin
to prevent the foreigners from taking Brunei’s territories?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

6. Between Sultan Sharif Ali and Sultan Bolkiah which sultan do you think is
more important to Brunei? 10 Marks

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

104
SEKOLAH MENENGAH MUDA HASHIM – Specimen paper
THEME 2 - BRUNEI: ANCIENT BRUNEI TO 16th CENTURY

Section A - Multiple Choice Questions

1. In the 6th century the Chinese records mentioned a place

somewhere on the northwest coast of Borneo which was believed
to be old Brunei. Name the place?

a. Poni

b. Po’li

c. Vijayapura

d. Puni

105
2. When a royal family of Funan fled their kingdom and landed on
the northwest coast of Borneo with their followers, they name
the place as Vijayapura. What was the meaning of Vijayapura?

a. Triumph

b. Victory

c. Victoria

d. Prince of Wales

3. Vijayapura main activity was trade. What was the main export?

a. Camphor

b. Black wood

c. Turtle

d. Shell

4. In 977, Vijayapura was changed to a new name. What was the

new name?

a. Poli

b. Poni

c. Lankasuka

d. Kota Batu

5. Poni was strong and powerful kingdom. It was said that their
trade was protected by navy officers who were nobles. Their
sailors were the sea nomads known as ....

a. Orang Laut

b. Orang Sakai

c. Orang darat

106
 d. Orang Kabal

6. Who was the Chinese official who visited Brunei in 1225?

a. Chua Ju-Kua

b. Phua Chu Kang

c. Phu Kung Chi Mu

d. John Jesse

7. Poni became the vassal state of Majapahit in the 14th century.

Poni had to pay an annual tribute to Majapahit for protection
against any attack. What was the tribute?

a. 40 katis of gold

b. 40 katis of camphor

c. 40 katis of salt

d. 40 katis of blackwood

8. In 1369, Poni was attacked and looted of its treasure and gold.
Who attacked them?

a. Sulu

b. Bajau

c. Funan

d. Chenla

9. What can you find in the Batu Tersilah?

107
 a. The Salasilah Raja-Raja Brunei

b. The Salasilah Raja-Raja Po-ni

c. The Salasilah Raja-Raja Melayu

d. The Salasilah Raja-Raja Sambas

10. According to Brunei tradition, the sultan was the most top rank
in the Brunei government. He was also the head of Islam in the
country. To became a sultan he had to be selected and approved
by whom?

a. A council made up of members of the nobility and high

officials.

b. A council made of imams and khatib

c. A council of Cheterias

d. A council of hulubalang

11. The most important officials in the traditional government of

Brunei were the four wazirs. Who were they?

108
 a. Pengiran Bendahara, Pengiran Temenggong, Pengiran di-
Gadong, Pengiran Pemancha

b. Pengiran Shahbandar, Pengiran Temenggong, Pengiran di-

Gadong, Pengiran Pemancha

c. Pengiran Bendahara, Pengiran Shahbandar, Pengiran di-

Gadong, Pengiran Pemancha

d. Pengiran Bendahara, Pengiran Temenggong, Pengiran di-

Gadong, Pengiran Shahbandar

12. The Shahbandar were Cheteria with special rank. What was
the job of a Shahbandar?

a. In charge of port and looked after foreign traders

b. In charge of port and look after import export

c. In charge of port and look after the sailors

d. In charge of port and look after the palace.

13. In the traditional land right systems of Brunei, the lands were
divided into three categories. What were they?

a. Kerajaan, Kuripan Tulin

b. Kerajaan, Daerah, Kuripan

c. Daerah, Kuripan, Tulin

d. Kuripan, Tulin,

14. According to Brunei traditional land right systems, the Kerajaan

ownership belongs to whom?

a. The Sultans

b. The Important officials

109
 c. The Nobles families

d. The Brunei traders

15. According to Brunei traditional land right systems, the Kuripan

ownership belongs to whom?

a. The Sultans

b. The Important officials

c. The Nobles families

d. The Brunei traders

16. According to Brunei traditional land right systems, the Tulin

ownership belongs to whom?

a. The Important officials

b. The Nobles families

c. The Brunei traders

d. The sultan

17. Who was the most important trading partner of Ancient Brunei?

a. The Chinese

b. The Arabs

c. The European

d. The Indians

110
 18. The Chinese traders came to Brunei to buy timber. What was the
timber known as?

a. The black wood

b. Camphor

c. Laka wood

d. Rattan

Section B – Structured Question.

THE HISTORY OF BRUNEI’S RULERS:

QUESTION 1 – SULTAN SHARIF ALI

(a) What is inscribed on the Batu Tersilah. (2)

(b)Who was the third sultan of Brunei? (1)
(c) When did His Highness rule Brunei? (1)

111
 (d)What was His Highness known as? (1)
(e) Why was he known by that title? (2)
(f) List TWO achievements of His Highness. (2)
(g)During his reign, Brunei became two important centres. Name
ONE of these centre. (1)

QUESTION 2 – SULTAN BOLKIAH

(a) Who succeeded Sultan Sulaiman as the fifth Sultan of Brunei?

(1)
(b)What was he known as? (1)
(c) Why was his period of rule known as the “Golden Age of Brunei”?
(2)
(d)List TWO vassal states of Brunei during His Highness’ rule. (2)
(e) How did His Highness help to spread Islam. (2)
(f) State TWO achievements of His Highness. (2)

QUESTION 3 – SULTAN MUHAMMAD HASSAN

(a) Who succeeded Sultan Shah Brunei as the ninth Sultan of

Brunei? (1)
(b)What was the name of the first written code of law introduced by
His Highness? (1)
(c) Explain the code of law introduced by His Highness? (2)
(d)What happened to Brunei Empire before His Highness became
the Sultan? (2)
(e) State TWO achievements of His Highness. (2)
(f) His Highness was comparable to two other Southeast Asian
Kings. Name them. (2)

Section C – Stimulus Question.

112
THE FOUNDING AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRUNEI SULTANATE

Read the passage below and then answer the following questions in
complete sentences:

From Chinese record, in 1371, the ruler of Po-ni was

Ma-ha-mo-sha. Historians believe that this was
Awang Alak Betatar. He was the son of Sang Aji. He
and his 13 brothers lived in a place in Temburong
District.

(a) Name the ruler of Po-ni in 1371 according to the Chinese report.
(1)

(b)Name the place in Temburong District where Awang Alak Betatar

and his brothers lived. (1)

(c) Why was Awang Alak Betatar chosen as the leader of the 13
brothers? (2)

(d)Name the brother of Awang Alak Betatar who led the search for a
new settlement? (1)

(e) i) What was the name of the place in Brunei River they choose as
a new settlement? (1)
ii) State TWO reasons why that place was chosen. (4)
iii) What was this new settlement later known as? (1)

(f) i) Why did Awang Alak Betatar go to Johore? (2)

ii) Name the ruler of Johore at that time. (1)
iii) Name Awang Alak Betatar’s brother that had accompanied
him to Johore. (1)
iv) Why was he became a Muslim? (2)

(g)i) Who was the first Muslim ruler of Brunei? (1)

ii) What was his Muslim name? (1)
iii) What was the Muslim name for Pateh Berbai? (1)

[20 MARKS]

113
SMJA 2

1. When did Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam II rule Brunei?

a) 1906 – 1924
b) 1906 - 1918
c) 1918 – 1924
d) 1908 – 1924

2. Who was the predecessor of SMJA II?

a) SOAS I
b) SOAS II
c) Sultan Hashim
d) Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin

3. Who was the successor of SMJA II?

a) SOAS I
b) SOAS II
c) Sultan Hashim
d) Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin

4. Why was the ‘Majlis Pemangku Raja’ set up when SMJA II ascended the throne?
a) Because he was still a minor.
b) Because he did not have a male heir.
c) Because his father died of malaria.
d) Because of his friendship and co-operation with the British government.

5. In what year was SMJA II crowned as the Sultan?

a) 1906
b) 1912

114
 c) 1918
d) 1924

6. Why was SMJA II crowned as the Sultan in 1918?

a) Because he was still a minor.
b) Because he did not have a male heir.
c) Because his father died of malaria.
d) Because of his friendship and co-operation with the British government.

7. What power did SMJA II have as the Sultan of Brunei?

a) Absolute control over his government.
b) Absolute control on matters of administration, religion, and economy.
c) Partial control on matters of religion only.
d) Partial control on matters of administration only.

8. SMJA II built a mosque during his reign. Where was this mosque located?
a) Kampong Ayer
b) Kampong Sultan Lama
c) Kampong Sumbiling
d) Kampong Istana Lama

9. In what way SMJA II encouraged the learning and teachings of Islam?

a) He sent students to study overseas.
b) He introduced a law that made learning and teachings of Islam
compulsory.
c) He encouraged the learning and teachings in the palace.
d) He encouraged the learning and teachings in a small mosque or surau.

10. In 1912, SMJA II introduced a new law that replaced Hukum Kanun. What was
this new law called?
a) Muhammadan Law.
b) Islamic Law.
c) Marriage and Divorce Act.
d) Marriage and Divorce Law.

11. Why was SMJA II awarded the medals of CMG and KCMG by the British
government?
a) Because he encouraged advances in agriculture, medicine and education.

115
 b) Because of his friendship and co-operation with the British government.
c) Because he encouraged learning and teachings of Islam.
d) Because he built a mosque.

12. What was the cause of SMJA II death in 1924?

a) Tuberculosis.
b) Malaria.
c) Fever.
d) Cholera.

13. Pg Anak Ahmad Tajuddin replaced SMJA II as the next sultan. What his
relationship to SMJA II?
a) His eldest son.
b) His eldest nephew.
c) His eldest son-in-law.
d) His eldest grandson.

THE RESIDENTIAL SYSTEM

PG. 68-69

SECTION A – MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Answer ALL the questions in this section. Choose the most correct answer and write the
letter A, B, C or D in the answer box provided.

1. When was the Residential System introduced in Brunei?

A. 1906
B. 1907
C. 1908
D. 1909

2. Who was the first Resident of Brunei?

A. Charles Brooke
B. Hugh Low
C. James Brooke
D. Malcolm Mc Arthur

3. When did the Land Enactment introduce in Brunei?

A. 1907
B. 1908
C. 1909
D. 1910

116
4. What kind of land law did the Resident introduce in 1908/09?
A. Land Codes
B. Land Enactment
C. Muhammad Law
D. ‘Marriage and Divorce Act’

5. Before 1906, who controlled the Monopoly Rights?

A. Arab traders
B. Chinese Businessmen
C. Indian traders
D. Bruneian

6. The diagram below shows the traditional system of land rights in Brunei before
1906. Which of the following was a hereditary land right?

System of land rights

Kerajaan Kuripan Tulin

A. Kerajaan
B. Kerajaan-Kuripan
C. Kuripan
D. Tulin

117
 THEME 5 MCQ
5.1- THE REIGN OF SMJA II (1906-1924)
pg.70-71

1) Which one of the followings were advantages of the Residential System in Brunei?

I/ Taxation and revenue collection were centralized

II/ The discovery of oil in Tutong in 1929
III/ The Sanitary Board was set up
IV/ A Land policy was introduced

A/ I, II and III
B/ I, III and IV
C/ II, III and IV
D/ I, II and IV

2) Two administrative social / welfare changes / advantages brought about by the

Residential System were ______________________________________________.

I/ The Town Planning bodies were established

II/ The Resident responsible for Brunei’s foreign affairs
III/ The division of each district into mukims and villages
IV/ Communications improved such as the building of roads

A/ I and II
B/ I and III
C/ II and III
D/ I and IV

3) Two disadvantages of the Residential System in Brunei were ___________________.

I/ The Sultan’s power became weak

II/ Wazirs gained their rights
III/ Locals were given opportunity to head any department

118
 IV/The Resident failed to help Brunei in getting back Limbang

A/ I and II
B/ II and III
C/ III and IV
D/ I and IV

4) In 1883, coal concession was granted to ______________ by Sultan Abdul Momin.

A/ Charles Brroke
B/ James Brooke
C/ Malcolm McArthur
D/ William Cowie

5) Coal mining was mainly concentrated mainly at ______________ and

_______________.
A/ Buang Tawar and Brooketon
B/ Buang Tawar and Labu Estate
C/ Labu and Kumbang Pasang
D/ Gadong and Kiulap

6/ The workers in the Coal industry were mainly _________

A/ Bisaya
B/ Iban
C/ Kedayan
D/ Malays

7/ Two effects of coal mining on Muara Town were __________________________.

I/ More banks were opened

II/ More shops were opened
III/ Provided houses
IV/ Provided jobs

A/ I and II
B/ II and III
C/ III and IV
D/ II and IV

8/ What was the main reason for the fall in price of coal in Brunei.
A/ Unstable prices of coal
B/ Unstable prices of rubber

119
C/ Use of battery
D/ Use of petrol

9/ Two reasons for the closure of the Muara Town coal mine in 1924 were
________________.

I/ High coal prices

II/ Low coal prices
III/ Mismanagement
IV/ More demand for coal

A/ I and II
B/ II and IV
C/ II and III
D/ III and IV

120
 MCQ: RUBBER INDUSTRY & CUTCH INDUSTRY
PG. 72-73
RUBBER INDUSTRY

1. What was the most important cash crop for export in Brunei during the first half
of the 20th century?

A. Coal
B. Cutch
C. Oil
D. Rubber

2. Which invention led to the increase of the rubber demand during the 1890s?

A. Coal
B. Cutch
C. Motorcar
D. Oil

3. Who was the Johore Malay that introduced rubber seedlings in Brunei in 1908?

A. Enche Ibrahim Mohmmad Jahfar

B. Haji Mohammad Daud
C. Pengiran Bendahara Pengiran Anak Abdul Rahman
D. Tunku Abdul Rahman

4. When was rubber seedlings first introduced in Brunei?

A. 1901
B. 1908
C. 1929
D. 1918

5. Which district took over Temburong district as the chief rubber producing area in
1919?
A. Belait
B. Brunei
C. Muara
D. Seria

121
6. Which district produced the highest output for rubber before 1919?

A. Belait
B. Brunei
C. Seria
D. Temburong

7. Beside Gadong Estate, where was the other important rubber producing areas in
Brunei Town?

A. Kumbang Pasang
B. Lumut
C. Temburong
D. Seria

8. Beside Kumbang Pasang Estate, name the other important rubber producing areas
in Brunei Town?

A. Gadong
B. Lumut
C. Muara
D. Tutong

9. Which discovery led to the decline of the rubber industry in Brunei?

A. Coal
B. Cutch
C. Motorcar
D. Oil

10. Where was the area in Temburong district that first planted rubber?

A. Labi
B. Labu
C. Lumut
D. Lumapas

122
 11. When did Brunei first export its rubber?

A. 1914
B. 1919
C. 1924
D. 1929

CUTCH INDUSTRY

1. What was the sticky substance produced from the bark of the mangrove trees?

A. Cutch
B. Latex
C. Liquid
D. Rubber

2. Which company was granted the monopoly for the manufacture of cutch in
Brunei in 1900?

A. British Malayan Petroleum Company

B. Brunei Shell Petroleum Company
C. Island Trading Syndicate
D. Royal Dutch Shell
3. When did the Island Trading Syndicate open its factory at Subok?

A. 1900
B. 1901
C. 1908
D. 1929

4. Which part of Brunei Town did the Island Trading Syndicate open its factory in
1901?

A. Gadong
B. Seria
C. Subok
D. Sumbiling

123
5. Which Sultan of Brunei granted the cutch monopoly rights to the Island Trading
Syndicate in 1900?

A. Sultan Abdul Momin

B. Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin
C. Sultan Hashim
D. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II

6. When did the Island Trading Syndicate receive its cutch monopoly rights in
Brunei?

A. 1900
B. 1901
C. 1908
D. 1929

7. What advantage did the cutch industry bring to Brunei?

A. Flourished the fishing industry.

B. Increased of the leather industry.
C. Lowered the income of the country.
D. Provided job opportunities to the Malays.

8. Which discovery led to the decline of the cutch industry?

A. Coal
B. Leather
C. Oil
D. Rubber

9. Beside the inconsistent world demand for cutch, what was the other reason for the
cutch production to decline in the early 1930s?

A. Deficiency of supply of the bark.

B. Government flexibility on production.
C. Growth of demand.
D. Surplus of workers.

124
10. Other than the Government flexibility in cutch production, what was the other
reason for the cutch production to decline in the early 1930s?

A. Surplus of the bark.

B. Discovery of oil.
C. Growth of demand.
D. Surplus of workers.

11. Beside the discovery of oil, name the other reason for the cutch production to
decline in the early 1930s?

A. Surplus of the supply of the bark.

B. Government flexibility on production.
C. Inconsistent world demand.
D. Surplus of workers.

12. Other than the insufficient supply of the bark, what was the other reason for the
cutch production to decline in the early 1930s?

A. Difficulties in transporting the barks to the factory.

B. Government flexibility on production.
C. Growth of demand.
D. Surplus of workers.

125
 DISCOVERY OF OIL
PG. 77 -78/9

SECTION A: Multiple Choice Questions

Answer ALL the questions in this section. Choose the most correct answer and write the
letter A, B, C or D in the answer box provided.

1. Where was the first oil well drilled in 1899?

A) Ayer Berkunchi
B) Lumut
C) Pulau Berambang
D) Seria

2. Oil was discovered accidentally by two men while they were resting beside the Seria
River. Who were these two men?
A) Abell and Scott
B) Cochrane and Marriot
C) Low and Swettenham
D) Marriot and Mc Arthur

3. In 1926, two friends went cycling to Lumut and while they were resting by the Seria
River they had smelled oil. What are their names?
A) Anderson and Marriot
B) Cochrane and Cowie
C) Cochrane and Marriot
D) Cowie and Mc Arthur

4. In which year did the Seria Well Number One or S-1 was drilled?
A) 5 April 1928
B) 5 April 1929
C) 15 April 1929
D) 5 May 1929

5. The BMPC was formed to provide public and welfare services in Seria and Belait.
What does BMPC stands for?
A) British Malayan Petroleum Company
B) British Malaysian Petroleum Company
C) Brunei Malayan Petroleum Company
D) Brunei Malaysian Petroleum Company

6. How did the discovery of oil changed Brunei’s history?

A) It led to the immigration problems
B) It led to the appointment of the British Resident
C) It led to the Japanese invasion of Brunei
D) The Brunei government was able to pay all its debts

126
7. Which of the following industry was important to Brunei’s economy?
A) Coal
B) Cutch
C) Oil
D) Rubber

8. Who owned the British Malayan Petroleum Company formed in 1922?

A) the Brunei Shell Petroleum Company
B) the Brunei Sultanate
C) the Federated Malay States
D) the Royal Dutch Shell

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 History (SPN 21) - The coming of the Japanese to Brunei
Year 8
PG. 80 -81

1. Which of the following Brunei towns did the Japanese army first land and
eventually capture it?
A. Tutong
B. Seria
C. Kuala Belait
D. Brunei Town

2. Which of the following would be the most likely reason for the British defeat by
the Japanese in Brunei?
A. the Japanese army was successful with its ‘Nipponisation’ programme
B. the Japanese army tortured the British soldiers
C. the Japanese army used the ‘Kempetai’ to carry out its military plan
D. the Japanese army outnumbered the unprepared British army

3. Who became the State Secretary of Brunei during the Japanese occupation?
A. Enche Ibrahim bin Mohammad Jahfar
B. Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin
C. T.G Cochrane
D. William Cowie

4. Why was the Japanese interested in the Belait district?

A. it was a rich oil producing area
B. it had a very efficient infrastructure
C. it was well-managed by BMPC
D. it was the fastest food-growing area

5. What did the Japanese do to remove western influence from Brunei?

A. they started the MIB philosophy in all schools
B. they introduced a process called ‘Nipponisation’
C. they put the British resident on pension
D. they caused the people to rebel against the British

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 NIPPONISATION/LIBERATION/EFFECTS OF JAPANESE OCCUPATION
PG. 82 – 83

1. Which of the following was NOT a part of the ‘Nipponisation’ process during the
Japanese Occupation in Brunei?
A. everybody had to learn and respect the Japanese national anthem
B. all buildings needed to fly the Japanese flag
C. all young Bruneians had to join the Japanese army
D. all schools and government officers had to learn the Japanese language

2. What did the Allied forces do beginning November, 1944?

A. they dropped leaflets urging the Japanese to surrender
B. they cut off all food supplies to the Japanese army
C. they carried out heavy bombings on Brunei Town and Kuala Belait
D. they carried out naval blockade of all Brunei ports

3. Where did the Allied forces land in June, 1945 to drive out the Japanese?
A. Kuala Belait
B. Muara
C. Tutong
D. Brunei Town

4. Who had temporary control of Brunei after the Japanese had been driven out?
A. the British Military Administration
B. the Sultan of Brunei
C. the British Resident
D. the British Military Governor

5. Which of the following was NOT an effect of the Japanese Occupation of

Brunei?
A. many local people suffered because of the lack of food and medical supplies
B. there was no economic and social progress
C. the foundation for the growth of Brunei Malay national consciousness was laid
D. anti-western feelings grew among the people of Brunei

129
Early Life of SOAS III, Career Experience & Ascension to the
throne
1. State the first job held by Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III. (1)
2. State the reason why Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III was able to understand the
peoples’ problems better than others. (2)
3. State the most important contribution of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III to Brunei
Darussalam. (1)
4. How did Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III learn English? (1)
5. State any three of the jobs in the career of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III. (3)
6. Why is he also called as Diraja Penyiar? (2)
7. Name the predecessor to Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III. (1)
8. What is abdication of throne? Name the Sultan who abdicated his throne. (2)

The First National Development Plan

• AO 1 Questions:

1. (a) Identify the years of when the First National Development Plan was carried
out.
(b) How much was given for the 1st National Development Plan to be carried out?
2. Under development in Education:
a) Name the English medium school for girls which was set up in Brunei Town
in 1958?
b) What was the name of the Seria Government School which was opened in
1957?
c) Name the teacher training school which was set up in 1956?
3. Under development in Communications:
a) In what year was the Berakas airfield completed?
b) Identify the FOUR shipping ports found in Brunei?
4. Under development in Religious Education:
a) Name the institutions/ place where scholarships were offered to students to further
their higher education overseas?

130
 • AO 2 Questions:

1. What was the aim of the written policy on education which was set in 1954?
2. Identify TWO development made under Oil Industry
3. Identify TWO developments made under Education
4. Identify TWO developments made under Health and Welfare Services

• AO 3 Questions:

1. Explain in what ways the 1st NDP help in the expansion of the education system
in Brunei.

2. How do you think the health and welfare services were improvised under the 1st NDP?
Write down two ways.

The Second National Development Plan (1962 – 1966)

a) In what year was the above plan launched? (1)
_______________________________________________________________________
_
b) What was the aim of the above plan? (2)
_______________________________________________________________________
_
c) Which discovery caused Brunei’s Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) to become important?
(1)
_______________________________________________________________________
_
d) State one project under agriculture development. (1)
_______________________________________________________________________
_
e) State one project under fishing development. (1)
_______________________________________________________________________
_
f) State two projects under forestry development. (2)
_______________________________________________________________________
_
g) State two big projects under commercial development and support structures. (2)
_______________________________________________________________________
_

131
h) State one project under health development. (1)
_______________________________________________________________________
_
i) State one project under education development. (1)
_______________________________________________________________________
_
j) State one project under welfare development. (1)
_______________________________________________________________________
_

k) State any five sectors for development included in the plan. (5)
_______________________________________________________________________
_

The 1959 Written Constitution

1. When was the Brunei Written Constitution signed? (1)
2. Why do you think it was important for Brunei to have the 1959 Written Constitution?
(2)
3. Which committee was appointed in July 1953 to find out about the views of the people
on the
Written Constitution for Brunei? (1)
4. Name two of the five important councils created under the 1959 Written Constitution.
(2)
5. How did the 1959 Agreement affect the Residential System, the Sultan and the
Resident? (4)
Extra Questions:
1. Who signed the 1959 Constitution Agreement on the behalf of British Government and
Brunei?(2)
2. Who led a Brunei delegation to London in March 1959 to discuss about Brunei
Constitution? (1)
3. Where was the Constitution Agreement signed? (1)
4. What role was played by the British under the 1959 Constitution? (1)
5. In 1959, what post was created to replace the British Resident? (1)

132
6. What was the duty of the Tujuh Seraigkai? (2)

Brunei’s Stand On The Issue of Malaysia

1. Name the Prime Minister of Malaya who proposed Malaysia Plan in May 1961. (1)
2. Name any two Borneo states that were to be united under the Federation of Malaysia.
(2)
3. What was the initial response of Brunei towards the Malaysia plan? (2)
4. Why did Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III decide not to join Malaysia in 1963? (4)
5. When was Malaysia formed? (1)

Extra Questions:
1. In what ways did the 1959 Constitution mark ‘the beginning of self-government’ for
Brunei? (4)
2. Give the names of the three members of the proposed Federation of Malaysia other
than Malaya and Brunei. (3)

The Achievements of SOAS III & The Role of SOAS III after the
abdication
1. When did SOAS III abdicate and who succeeded him as the 29 th Sultan of Brunei?
(2)
2. His Royal Highness SOAS III had made great achievements in various fields during
the seventeen years of his rule. Give three of his achievements. (3)
3. What provisions were made by SOAS III to improve the welfare of the less fortunate?
(2)

133
4. Give three reasons why SOAS III has been called the ‘Architect of Modern Brunei’.
(3)

Extra Questions:
1. List down three of the Syairs which was written by SOAS III? (3)
2. When did Brunei Currency Board issue its first own currency notes? (1)
3. Why do you think the Royal Brunei Malay Regiment was set up in May 1961? (2)
4. Why were scholarships offered? (2)
5. Why did SOAS III promote education? (1)
6. What was the State Religion of Brunei under the 1959 Constitution? (1)
7. What was the official language of Brunei under the 1959 Constitution? (1)
8. What was the title of SOAS III after his abdication? (1)
9. What post did the Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan hold on Brunei’s independence in
1984? (1)
10. When did Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan pass away? (1)
11. What was the Crown Prince Hassanal Bolkiah doing in Sandhurst? (1)
12. When did His Majesty Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah become the 29th ruler of Brunei? (1)

134
Brunei’s International Relations & Brunei’s Participation In International
Political Organizations

1. Give TWO principles of Brunei’s foreign policy. (3)

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________

2. List TWO International Organisation joined by Brunei after independence. (2)

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________

3. What was the aim of ASEAN? (2)

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________

4. Name FOUR members of ASEAN. (2)

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________

5. What does OIC stand for? (1)

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________

135
 6. What was the aim of OIC? (2)

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________

7. What year did Brunei join United Nation? (1)

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________

8. What advantage did Brunei gain by joining United Nation? (2)

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________

6.1 Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III : Early Life /Career Experiences /Ascension to the
throne

1) Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III ruled Brunei from the year _____ to ______.
a) 1950 to 1967
b) 1951 to 1968
c) 1952 to 1969
d) 1953 to 1970

2) In 1932, SOAS III went to study in a Malay College in _______, Perak.

a) Kuala Kangar
b) Kuala Kangsar
c) Kuala Baram
d) Kuala Jerai

3) SOAS III was known as the Royal Poet because ___________.

a) he was an educated person.
b) he was able to change Brunei to a modern country.
c) he was interested in writing the Malay poetry.

136
 d) he was able to make Brunei as an independent country.

4) SOAS III started his career in 1936 as a ____________ in the _________.

a) police officer, defence department.
b) military officer, Japanese Governor’s office.
c) judicial officer, judiciary department.
d) cadet officer, forestry department.

5) In the Judicial Department, SOAS III was also able to learn about the _______.
a) Criminal and Civil Procedure Codes.
b) Land Codes System
c) Criminal Codes Syatem
d) Land Enactment Codes System.

6) The name of the assistant British Resident who worked with Sultan Omar Ali
Saifuddien III in the Judicial department was ____________.
a) Malcolm McArthur
b) H.F Stalley
c) Hughes Hallet
d) James Stally

7) What was the occupation of SOAS III during the Japanese Occupation?
a) Military police, Kempeitai.
b) Secretary at the Japanese Governor’s Office.
c) Administrator, Resident’s Office.
d) Jury, Judicial Department

8) In 1947, SOAS III was appointed as the _____________ of the Syariah court.
a) Member
b) committee
c) Chairman
d) Judge

9) Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III was proclaimed as the 28th Sultan of Brunei on
_______.
a) 3 June 1950
b) 4 June 1950
c) 5 June 1950
d) 6 June 1950

137
 10) The coronation of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III took place at ______________.
a) Royal Ceremonial Hall
b) Istana Nurul Iman
c) Royal Regalia
d) Istana Darul Hana

11) When was the coronation of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III?
a) 29 May 1951
b) 30 May 1951
c) 31 May 1951
d) 1 June 1951

12) Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien was given the title “__________________” because
he had brought Brunei to international attention and recognition.
a) The Modern Brunei Architect
b) The Modern Architecture of Brunei
c) The Architect of Brunei Modern
d) The Architect of Modern Brunei

SECOND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND ANGLO-BRUNEI TREATY

OF FRIENDSHIP AND COMMERCE 1847

SECOND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Stimulus Passage and Questions:

Read the following passage and answer the questions which follow:

The Second National Development Plan was a forerunner to the successful previous plan,
which saw tremendous progress in various sectors.

This plan was launched mainly on three areas. It was noticeable that the oil industry
received a boost. Revenue earned from this benefited other schemes mainly on
agriculture and fisheries. Transportation, forestry and education were the focal point of
attention.

Questions to be answered in complete sentences:

1. What was the period of this plan? (1)

138
 2. What were the three main objectives of this Plan? (3)

3. Name the major oil and gas field which was discovered and in which year? (2)

4. Why were reforestation schemes proposed? (1)

5. Give two steps taken in the agriculture sector. (2)

6. Mention two projects planned under the sphere of commercial development. (2)

7. Make a comparison of two steps each taken in the educational field in the First
and Second Development Plans. (4)

SECTION C
STIMULUS QUESTIONS (15 Marks)

Read the extract below and then answer the questions that follow:

THE ANGLO-BRUNEI TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP AND COOPERATION OF

1979

The treaty was further step towards Brunei’s independence. According to the terms,
Brunei agreed to take over international responsibilities as a sovereign and independent
nation. Britain, on the other hand, agreed to assist Brunei particularly in the area of
diplomacy, since Brunei would need to establish international relations as an independent
nation.

1. The treaty was a further step towards Brunei’s independence. What was the name
of the Treaty? (1)

2. When was the treaty signed? (1)

3. Name the two nations that were involved in the signing of the treaty? (2)

139
 4. Where was the treaty signed? (1)

5. Name the two persons who signed the treaty? (2)

6. State the main terms of the treaty? (4)

7. When was the actual date of Brunei’s independence? (1)

8. Brunei was in a way forced to sign the treaty of friendship and commerce with the
British. Why was it so? (3)

Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III : Early life

Stimulus questions

His Royal Highness the 28th Sultan of Brunei ascended in 1950 to succeed his
brother
Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin. He has made great improvements and developments
in Brunei,
His determination which had brought Brunei to international attention and
recognition.
He took Brunei forward as a modern country in the twentieth century.

Q1. (a) What is the name of the 28th Sultan of Brunei? [1]

The 28th Sultan of Brunei

(b) When and where was the 28th Sultan of Brunei born ?
[2]

140
 (c) When did he rule Brunei ? [1]

Q2. (a) What type of education did His Royal Highness received in the
palace ? [1]

(b) What was he taught in the palace ?

[1]

Q3. (a) When did His Royal Highness received his formal education?
[1]

(b) Name the College and town in Malaya where His Royal Highness
had his formal education. [2]

Q4. (a) His Royal Highness had written a number of Syair. What was he
known as for his interest in syair? [1]

(b) Name three of the Syair His Royal Highness has written.
[3]

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

Brunei’s Participation In International Political Organizations

As an independent nation, Brunei has established diplomatic relations with

many countries around the world. Embassies and High Commissions are
maintained in many countries. Since independence Brunei has joined
many international organizations.

141
 a. Since independence Brunei has joined many international
organizations. Name three of these
organizations.
[3]
i.
ii.
iii.

b. What is the Commonwealth ?

[2]

c. (i) What does ASEAN stand for ?

[1]

(ii) Name the five founding members of ASEAN.

[5]

(iii) What was the main aim of ASEAN ?

[2]

(iv) When did Brunei joined ASEAN ?

[1]

142
 d. (i) What does OIC stand for ?
[1]

(ii) What is the aim of OIC ?

[2]

(iii) When did Brunei join the OIC ?

e. (i) Brunei became the 157th member of this international

organization on 21st September 1984. What
is the name of this organization.
[1]

(ii) What can Brunei voice out through this organization?

[2]

Section C: Stimulus Questions

Theme 6: The Nation Building years and Independence 1950-1984

143
Topic: Brunei Stand on the issue of Malaysia

Read the Passage below and answer the following questions:

Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III at the beginning found the idea of the formation of
Malaysia acceptable. His Royal Highness also set up a committee to seek the view of the
people.

The findings later showed that the population were divided into three groups. Some
opposed Brunei’s entry into Malaysia, some were in agreement and others wanted the
sultan to make the decision.

1. Name the Malayan Prime Minister who planned to unite the 5 countries under a
Federation (1) (AO1)

2. List down the 5 countries that were planned to be united under a Federation. (5)
(AO1)

3. Write TWO reasons why the Malayan Prime Minister wanted to unite the 5
countries. (2) (AO2)

4. Explain briefly the reasons why Brunei refused to join the Federation (2) (AO3)

5. In what year was the Federation formed without Brunei? (1) (AO1)

THEME 6 – THE NATION BUILDING YEARS AND INDEPENDENCE (1950 –

1984)
MCQ (GROUP 4)

144
 Early Life

1. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III ruled Brunei from the year _____ to ______.
A. 1950 to 1967
B. 1951 to 1968
C. 1952 to 1969
D. 1953 to 1970

2. In 1932, SOAS III went to study in a Malay College in _______, Perak.

A. Kuala Kangar
B. Kuala Kangsar
C. Kuala Baram
D. Kuala Jerai

3. SOAS III was known as the Royal Poet because ___________.

A. he was an educated person.
B. he was able to change Brunei to a modern country.
C. he was interested in writing the Malay poetry.
D. he was able to make Brunei as an independent country.

 Career Experiences

1. SOAS III started his career in 1936 as a ____________ in the _________.

A. police officer, defence department.
B. military officer, Japanese Governor’s office.
C. judicial officer, judiciary department.
D. cadet officer, forestry department.

2. In the Judicial Department, SOAS III was also able to learn about the _______.
A. Criminal and Civil Procedure Codes.
B. Land Codes System
C. Criminal Codes Syatem
D. Land Enactment Codes System.

3. The name of the assistant British Resident who worked with Sultan Omar Ali
Saifuddien III in the Judicial department was ____________.
A. Malcolm McArthur
B. H.F Stalley
C. Hughes Hallet
D. James Stally

145
 4. What was the occupation of SOAS III during the Japanese Occupation?
A. Military police, Kempeitai.
B. Secretary at the Japanese Governor’s Office.
C. Administrator, Resident’s Office.
D. Jury, Judicial Department

5. In 1947, SOAS III was appointed as the _____________ of the Syariah court.
A. Member
B. committee
C. Chairman
D. Judge

 Ascension to the throne

1. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III was proclaimed as the 28th Sultan of Brunei on
_______.
A. 3 June 1950
B. 4 June 1950
C. 5 June 1950
D. 6 June 1950

2. The coronation of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III took place at ______________.
A. Royal Ceremonial Hall
B. Istana Nurul Iman
C. Royal Regalia
D. Istana Darul Hana

3. When was the coronation of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III?

A. 29 May 1951
B. 30 May 1951
C. 31 May 1951
D. 1 June 1951

146
 4. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien was given the title “__________________” because
he had brought Brunei to international attention and recognition.
A. The Modern Brunei Architect
B. The Modern Architecture of Brunei
C. The Architect of Brunei Modern
D. The Architect of Modern Brunei

 The 1st National Development Plan

1. When was the 1st National Development introduced?

A. 1950
B. 1951
C. 1952
D. 1953

2. What was the budget of the 1st National Development Plan?

A. $ 50 million
B. $100 million
C. $150 million
D. $200 million

3. Which of the following was the aim of the First National Development
Plan ?
A. diversifying the economic and improving the living standards of people

B. ending the British Residential system

C. developing Muara as a free port

D. starting Brunei international airport

4. Why was the First National Development Plan launched in 1953?

A. to gain territories overseas

B. to promote union with the Malay States

C. to protect German investments in Brunei

D. to improve the living standard of the people

147
5. How much money was allocated for the completion of the Gas Plant under
the First National Development Plan 1953-1958?

A. $10 million

B. $12 million

C. $14 million

D. $100 million

148
Which of the following were the main developments under the 1st National Development
Plan?

A. Oil Industry and Education

B. Fishing and Agriculture

C. Communications and Transportations

D. Education and Commercial

6. What was one of the successes of the First National Development Plan?

A. improved drainage and irrigation

B. increased electricity and clean water supplies

C. the development of an aluminium industry

D. the redevelopment of the rubber plantations

7. The table below shows the total primary school enrolment between 1953
and 1966

Year Boys Girls Total

1953 4,168 1,749 5,917

1959 9,322 5,684 15,006

1966 16,893 14,300 31,193

Why was there a rapid growth in school enrolment in this period?

A. the expansion of education system throughout Brunei
B. the parents began to realise the importance of education
C. the law was passed which made education compulsory in Brunei

D. Parents were forced to send their children to school

8. Which important development took place in Brunei in 1956?

A. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III succeeded to the throne.

149
 B. The Constitution Agreement was signed.

C. The first teacher-training centre was opened.

D. The Japanese Occupation came to an end.

9. When was an English medium school for girls, Sekolah TInggi Perempuan
Raja Isteri set up ?

A. 1953

B. 1956

C. 1958

D. 1961

10. When was the Brunei Teacher-Training Centre started?

A. 1956

B. 1958

C. 1961

D. 1963

11. Who was responsible to set up a trade school in 1951?

A. Brunei Government

B. Dutch Company

C. Brunei Shell Petroleum Company

D. School of Engineering Company

12. When was state’s first nursing school started?

A. October 1953

150
 B. December 1953

C. January 1954

D. October 1954

13. Name a secondary school that was established in 1966 ?

A. Sekolah Menengah Melayu Pertama

B. Sekolah Menengah Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam

C. the Muda Hashim Secondary School

D. Sultan Hasan Malay Secondary School

14. When was Brunei’s first off-shore oil platform installed?

A. 1946
B. 1950
C. 1952
D. 1954

 The 2nd National Development Plan

1. When was the 2nd National Development launched?

A. 1942

B. 1952

C. 1962

D. 1972

151
2. What was discovered at South West Ampa in 1963?
A. A major oil and gas field

B. Ship wreak

C. Fossils of dinosaurs

D. major archeological site.

3. Under the 2nd National Development Plan, what was paid attention in the
Agriculture, Fishing and Forestry?
A. Increase the quantity of rice and rubber production.

B. Increase the production of tire

C. Increase the quantity of fruits production

D. Increase the production of coal

4. Conservation and reforestation schemes were aimed at what in the 2nd National
Development Plan?

A. increasing the species of trees for commercial values.

B. Increasing the species of animal

C. Increasing the species of birds for commercial values.

D. Increasing the species of mammal

5. In Commercial development and support structures, the 2nd National Development

plant two big projects. What were the projects?
A. Jerudong theme Park

B. Forestry and conservation

C. The Muara Deepwater port and the international airport.

D. Zoo and National park

6. The 2nd National Development plan also paid special attention in the development
of Health, education and welfare. In what area was priority given to?

152
 A. Eradicating tuberculosis and Malaria.

B. Eradicating aids and HIV

C. Eradicating plague

D. Eradicating dental hygiene

7. What does WHO stand for?

A. asking a person name

B. Why Health Organization

C. World Health Organization

D. Whose Health Organization

 The Written Constitution 1959

1. Who led a Brunei delegation to London to discuss about the Brunei Constitution?
A. Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah
B. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin III
C. Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin
D. Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam

2. Which committee was appointed in 1953 to find out about the views of the people
on the Written Constitution for Brunei?
A. Cobbold Commission
B. Tujoh Serangkai
C. Constitution Committee
D. Advisory Committee

3. What was the aim of the “Tujoh Serangkai “?

A. to discuss on the Written Constitution of Brunei
B. to write on the education policy of Brunei
C. to find out about the views of the people on the Written Constitution for
Brunei
D. to advise the Sultan of Brunei

4. Who was the Sultan of Brunei during the signing of the Written Constitution of
Brunei?
A. Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah

153
 B. Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin
C. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin III
D. Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam

5. In which year was the Written Constitution introduced in Brunei ?

A. 1958
B. 1959
C. 1953
D. 1962

6. Where was the Constitution Agreement signed?

A. Lapau Diraja
B. International Convention Centre
C. Istana Darul Hana
D. Istana Nurul Iman

154
7. Who represented Brunei and the British government in the signing of the
Constitution Agreement ceremony?
A. Sultan Hj Hassanal Bolkiah and Sir Robert Scott
B. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin III and Lord Cobbold
C. Sultan Hj Hassanal Bolkiah and Lord Cobbold
D. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin III and Sir Robert Scott

8. Who represented the British government during the signing of the 1959 Brunei
Written Constitution?
A. Mac Arthur
B. Lord Cobbold
C. Sir Robert Scott
D. Anthony Abell

9. Which council was to advise the Sultan on all matters concerning the appointment
of Malay customary ranks, titles, honours, etc?
A. Religious Council
B. Privy Council
C. Council of Ministers
D. Council of Succession

10. According to the Agreement of 1959, which of the following statement indicate
the power of the Sultan?

A. He had the power to appoint the Advisory Council

B. He could not declare a state of Emergency
C. He had the power to appoint the British High Commissioner
D. He could not amend or revoke any part of the constitution

11. Under the 1959 Brunei Constitution, how many councils were set up to assist the
Sultan?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 5
D. 7

155
12. Who represented the British Government according to the Brunei Constitution of
1959?
A. British Advisor
B. Governor-General
C. High Commissioner
D. Resident

13. What was the new post created in the 1959 Constitution ?.
A. Manteri Pendalaman
B. Menteri Besar
C. Setiausaha Besar
D. Menteri

14. Who was the first Menteri Besar of Brunei?

A. Pehin Dato Perdana Menteri Dato Seri laila Utama Awang Aziz bin
Ibrahim
B. Dato Seri Laila Utama Awang Hj Jaafar bin Maun
C. Pehin Dato Perdana Menteri Dato Seri Laila Utama Awang Haji Ibrahim
bin Mohammad Jahfar
D. Dato Seri Laila Utama Awang Haji Isa bin Ibrahim

15. What was the responsibility of the British Government in 1959 Constitution
Agreement?
A. for internal and defence affairs only
B. for internal and foreign affairs only
C. for custom and defence affairs only
D. for foreign and defence affairs only

16. Why was Brunei decide to have a written constitution of 1959 ?

A. a step forward for Brunei to be responsible for its foreign affairs
B. a step forward for Brunei in realizing its status as a sovereign nation
C. a step forward for Brunei to maintain its territories
D. a step forward for Brunei in realizing its status as a protectorate nation

17. What post was abolished in the 1959 Constitution Agreement ?.

A. British Advisor
B. Governor-General
C. High Commissioner
D. Resident

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 Brunei’s stand on Malaysia Issue

1. Who proposed the formation of Malaysia?

A. Tunku Abdul Rahman
B. Lee Kuan Yew
C. Lord Cobbold
D. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III

2. Why did Brunei decide not to join Malaysia in 1963?

A. Brunei did not want to share the revenue from oil
B. Brunei did not want to have a prime minister
C. Brunei did not want to use the name “Malaysia”
D. Brunei did not like the idea at all

3. When was Malaysia formed?

A. 16 September 1962
B. 23 September 1963
C. 16 September 1963
D. 23 September 1962

4. Name the country that decided not to join Malaysia.

A. Singapore
B. Brunei
C. Malacca
D. Sarawak

5. Which of the following was a reason for Brunei decided not to join Malaysia in
1963?
A. Brunei’s Sultan would not have a chance to be the Constitutional monarch of
Malaysia
B. Brunei did not want to have a Prime Minister
C. Brunei’s Sultan be ranked as the most junior member in line to be the
Constitutional monarch of Malaysia
D. Brunei did not want to use the name “Malaysia”

 The Achievements of SOAS III

1. What was the greatest achievement of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III?

A. The building of schools

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 B. The signing of the 1959 Constitution Agreement

C. Brunei did not join the Federation of Malaysia

D. The development of oil industry

2. When was Islam made as the state religion of Brunei?

A. 1951

B. 1955

C. 1959

D. 1963

3. SOAS III ensure the welfare of his less fortunate subjects to be taken care through
various provisions. Name any two.

A. Pension for the aged and allowances for tuberculosis patients

B. Building hospitals and allowances for the mentally retarded children

C. Allowances for tuberculosis patients and building hospitals

D. Pension for the aged and provide water supplies

4. In which year did Brunei’s own currency note replace the Straits dollar used since
1906?

A. 1951

B. 1957

C. 1961

D. 1967

 The Abdication

1. When did Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III abdicate?

A. 4 October 1967

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 B. 5 October 1967

C. 6 October 1967

D. 7 October 1967

2. Where was the Crown Prince when he was announced as the 29th Sultan of
Brunei?

A. England

B. Malaya

C. Britain

D. Perak

3. When did the proclamation take place?

A. 4 October 1967

B. 5 October 1967

C. 6 October 1967

D. 7 October 1967

 The Role of SOAS III after the abdication

1. What was SOAS III known as after his abdication?

A. Architect of ModernBrunei

B. Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan Sir Muda Omar Ali
Saifuddien Sa’adul Khairi Waddien

C. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III

D. Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien
Sa’adul Khairi Waddien

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 2. What post did Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan hold on Brunei’s independence in
1984?

A. Minister of Finance

B. Minister of Defence

C. Minister of Foreign Affairs

D. Minister of Trade

3. When did His Royal Highness, SOAS III died?

A. 5 September 1986

B. 6 September 1986

C. 7 September 1986

D. 8 September 1986

 Road to the Independence of Brunei and the 1971 Agreement

1. What was agreed in the 1971 Agreement?

A. Brunei was granted full internal self-government
B. To stop giving Brunei territories to foreign powers
C. Brunei had to accept British Resident to advise the Sultan
D. British warships could enter all ports and river in Brunei

2. Who signed the 1971 agreement on 23 November 1971?

A. Sultan Hashim and Sir Hugh Low
B. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II and James Brooke
C. Sultan Abdul Momin and Malcolm McArthur
D. Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah and Anthony Henry Fanshawe Royle

3. Which of the following is the new post created under the 1971 Agreement?
A. Menteri Besar
B. General Adviser
C. Prime Minister
D. Assistant Resident

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 The Anglo-Brunei Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation of 1979 and Full
Independence in 1984

1. Who signed the Anglo-Brunei Treary of Friendship and Cooperation in 1979?

A. Sultan Hashim and Sir Hugh Low
B. Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah and Lord Goronwy-Roberts
C. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III and Sir Robert Scott
D. Sultan Abdul Momin and Malcolm McArthur

2. When was the actual date of Brunei Independence?

A. 1 January 1984
B. 1 January 1985
C. 23 February 1984
D. 23 February 1985

3. How many years was Brunei under the protection of the British government?
A. 95 years
B. 90 years
C. 85 years
D. 80 years

4. Who read the proclamation of Full Independence of Brunei in 1984?

A. Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
B. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III
C. Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam
D. Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin

5. Who recited “Allahu Akhbar” (Allah is almighty) three times at the declaration of
Brunei’s Independence in 1984?
A. Sultah Hassanal Bokiah
B. Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan Haji Omar Ali Saifuddien III
C. Marsal Maun
D. Haji Ibrahim bin Mohd Jaafar

6. Which of the following do you think was the term of the Anglo-Brunei Treaty of
Friendship and Cooperation 1979?
A. Brunei take over its international affairs
B. British is responsible for international affairs
C. Brunei take over its internal affairs
D. British is responsible for internal affairs

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7. Where did these treaties (The 1971 agreement and Anglo-Brunei Treaty of
Friendship and Cooperation 1979) was signed?
A. Istana Nurul Iman
B. Lapau Di-Raja
C. Brunei Historical Centre
D. Brunei Museum

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