Strat Analysis

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : CONCEPT AND APPLICATION
Compiled by :
Budianto Toha
Department Geology Gadjah Mada University

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION
BDT
Nevertheless, I persist in the claim that cratons, their margins, and their interior basins do not just lie there passively waiting to be encroached upon by rising sea levels or laid bare to erosion as sea levels fall. Students and practitioners of sequence stratigraphy are, for the better or worse, recorders and interpreters of tectonic evolution. L.L. Sloss Forty years of sequence stratigraphy Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100. p. 1661-1665, Nov. 1988
Water flows downhill G.P. Allen .and the sediment supply with it as well
(adopted from Irfan Cibaj, June 2011)
BDT
Georges P. Allen, 25 May 1942 15 October 1998
Georges P. Allen spent 20 years studying the Mahakam delta area sedimentology. We owe him the understanding of sedimentary processes as well as their consequences in reservoir geometry
(adopted from Irfan Cibaj, June 2011)
BDT
points to remember
FACIES ANALYSIS
OBSERVASION
Geometry Lithology Fossil Sedimentary structure
Paleocurrent
INTERPRETATION
Depositional Environment and Paleogeography
PREDICTION
Location , Geometry and Economic Aspects
FACIES MODEL
BDT
Sequence Stratigraphy and its application for HC exploration within ~ 8 hours ?? ..

just like an effort to swallow a bigger prey than the mouth ..!!!!!
NEVER GIVE UP TRY and TRY AGAIN, YOULL SUCCEED AT LAST !!!!!
BDT
EXPLORATION CONCEPT
BDT
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF PETROLEUM SYSTEM

SOURCE ROCKS POTENTIAL:
1. SYN RIFT INTERVAL LESS DEEP SUB BASIN 2. SYN RIFT AND POST RIFT INTERVAL INTERMEDIATE DEEP SUB BASIN 3. SYN RIFT, POST RIFT AND BACK-ARC INTERVAL DEEP SUB BASIN
SYN RIFT IS THE BEST POTENSIAL SOURCE ROCKS PODS
RESERVOIR POTENTIAL:
SYNRIFT : FLUVIAL, DELTAIC LACUSTRINE, LACUSTRINE BEACH POST RIFT : FLUVIAL, DELTAIC, SHALLOW MARINE, CARBONATE BACK ARC : SHALLOW MARINE, DEEP WATER? AND FLUVIO-DELTAIC POST RIFT INTERVAL IS THE BEST KNOWN RESERVOIR INTERVAL
SOURCE ROCKS POTENTIAL TRAPS and SEAL / CAP ROCKS

BDT
STRATIGRAPHY :
the science of rock strata
It is concerned with all characters and attributes of rocks as strata; and their interpretation in terms of mode of origin and geologic history
BDT
BASIN INFILLING DYNAMICS SEDIMENTATION SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY
BDT
HORIZONTAL LATERAL CONTINUITY Steno, 1669)

Modified statement: Law of Original Continuity: The original continuity of water-laid sedimentary strata is terminated only by pinching out against the basin of deposition, at the time of their deposition. (Anthony, loc.op.cit, p.83)
BDT
PRINCIPAL OF LATERAL ACCRETION

Sedimentary rocks are formed in a depositional environment with initial surface relatively inclined to the center of the basin
Additional sediment supply will be accommodated in the basin such as prograding or retrograding fashion (side growth) (progradation/retrogradation)
BDT
Actually .
DEPOSITIONAL DYNAMICS
AGGRADATION
RETROGRADATION
PROGRADATION
BDT
DYNAMICS OF SEDIMENTATION
13 12 9 8 7 1 6 2
SL7
12 9 7 6 5 4 10 11
SL5
SL6 SL4 SL2
SL1
SL3
EROSIONAL SURFACE
PROGRADATION
RETROGRADATION
BDT
SEDIMENTARY FACIES AND ENVIRONMENT
BDT
SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT AND FACIES

A sedimentary environment is a part of earths surface which is physically, chemically, and biologically distinct from adjacent terrains, e.g. deserts, river valleys, lake, deltas, lagoon, shallow marine ( Selley, 1985)
PROCESS
A sedimentary facies is a mass of sedimentary rocks which can be defined and distinguished from others by geometry, lithology, sedimentary sructures, paleocurrent pattern, and fossils (Selley, 1985)
PRODUCT
BDT
SEDIMENTARY FACIES :
PHYSICAL , CHEMICAL, and BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT WITHIN SYNCHRONOUS INTERVAL
CAUSE
Process Physical Chemical Biological
SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT
EFFECT
Erosional Non-depositional Depositional Geometry Lithology Sedimentary structures Paleocurrents Fossils
SEDIMENTARY FACIES
( After Selley , 1985 )
BDT
DEPOSITIONAL FACIES AND ENVIRONMENT
Various depositional environments occurring across the edge of a continental and the adjacent margin of an ocean basin
BDT (After Skinner and Porter, 1987 )
Dynamic of Sedimentation and Sequence Stratigraphy

How sedimentary rock is accumulated Factors controlling process Stratigraphic Record and its pattern
BDT
Stratigraphic Record
Dynamic of Sedimentation
Stratigraphic record
( after Matthews, 1974)
BDT
Factors Controlling Sedimentation

1. 2. 3. 4. Subsidence Eustacy Sediment supply/ sediment flux (Climate)

References : Posamentier, H.W., Jervey, M.T. and Vail, P.R., 1988, Eustatic controls on clastic deposition I- conceptual framework, in Wilgus, C.K. et al., (eds.) Sea level changes : an integrated approach. SEPM Spec. Publ. 42, p. 109-124. _____________ and Vail P.R., 1988, Eustatic controls on clastic deposition II, in Wilgus, C.K. et al. (eds), Sea level changes : an integrated approach. SEPM Spec. Publ. 42, p. 125-154.
Sediment flux Carbonate sedimentation Etc.
BDT
FACTORS CONTROLLING SHELF STRATIGRAPHIC PATTERNS
( After Allen, 1997)
BDT
Dynamic Sedimentation
Accommodation Space
The interaction of eustacy, subsidence, sediment supply, basin physiography, and climate largerly control basin sedimentation. One or more variables may be dominant
BDT
Sed Supply constant Eustacy constant Tectonics constant Sed Supply constant Eustacy Tectonics constant Sed Supply constant Eustacy Tectonics Sed Supply Eustacy Tectonics constant Sed Supply Eustacy Tectonics constant PROGRADATION REGRESSION
PROGRADATION
REGRESSION
CONSTANT SHORELINE
AGRADATION
CONSTANT SHORELINE
AGRADATION
TRANSGRESSION
BDT
Sed Supply Eustacy constant Tectonics constant Sed Supply Constant ( ) Constant ( ) Eustacy Tectonics Sed Supply constant Eustacy Tectonics Sed Supply Eustacy Tectonics constant Sed Supply Eustacy Tectonics TRANSGRESSION
STARVED BASIN
???
???
??? etc..
BDT
Marine Sequence Stratigraphy

Non-marine Sequence Stratigraphy (Tectonostratigraphy)

Chronostratigarphy Stratal packages Controls of sedimentation Accommodation space Tectonics Eustacy (sea level changes) Basin geometry Physiography Sediment supply Provenance Climate
Chronostratigarphy Stratal packages Controls of sedimentation Accommodation space Tectonics Basin geometry Topography Sediment supply Provenance Climate
Initiation Local Sagging
Accom. Space
Climax Regional Faults Coalesce
Time
Late-rift Pseudostasis BDT BDT
Formation of superimposed deltaic cycles or sequences

(after Allen and Chambers, 1998)
BDT
EUSTACY DEFINITION
BDT
The earths axis of rotation is inclined at an angle of 23.5o, which causes increasing seasonal variation in temperature and day lengths with increasing latitude. At the equinoxes the sun is directly overhead at the equator, and all parts of the earth receive 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness each day. At the summer solstice the sun is directly overhead at the Tropic of Cancer, and Artic Circle has 24 hours of continuous daylight, while all areas in the Southern Hemisphpere experience less than 12 hours of light everyday and the sun never rises below the Antartic Circle. At the winter solstice (not shown) the situation is reversed; incoming solar radiation is perpendicular to the erths surface at the Tropic of Carpicorn, and all areas in the Northern Hemisphere experience less than 12 hours of light each day ( Modified from Strahler ,1975)
BDT
Orbital variations and their force climatic changes and the formation of Milankovitch cycles
BDT
WHAT IS SEDIMENT ACCOMMODATION ?

SEDIMENT ACCOMMODATION IS THE POTENTIAL SPACE AVAILABLE FOR SEDIMENT TO ACCUMULATE on the shelf, accommodation is controlled by RELATIVE SEA LEVEL in fluvial environments, accommodation is controlled by THE FLUVIAL EQUILIBRIUM PROFILE
BDT ( After Allen, 1997 )
Definition :
( After van Gorsel, 1987 )

BDT
Alluvial Coastal Plain and Fluvial Equilibrium Profile
( After Alen, 1999)

BDT
Accommodation in Fluvial Environment
( After Allen, 1997 )

BDT
Accommodation in Fluvial Environment

BDT
RELATION BETWEEN ACCOMMODATION AND FACIES PATTERNS IN FLUVIAL AND SHELF DEPOSITS In any given interval, if the rate and nature of sediment influx is constant, the sand / shale ratio is inversely proportional to the ratio between :
rate of increase of accommodation and sediment supply

(After Allen, 1999)

BDT
Fluvial Stacking Pattern : an effect of increasing accommodation space
BDT
Effects of accommodation rates on fluvial aggradations
BDT
EFFECTS OF ACCOMMODATION RATES ON FLUVIAL AGGRADATION AND SAND/SHALE RATIO
SB
SB
BDT
BDT
BDT
BDT
Effects of varying accommodation rates on coastal and shelf sediment patterns, and sand / shale ratio
A low rate of accommodation (i.e. RSL rise) on the shelf results in low rates of coastal plain aggradation, rapid shoreline progradation and high rate of sand amalgamation on the coastal plain. High rates of shelf aggradation (i.e. RSL rise) result in higher rates of coastal plain aggradation and decreased sand amalgamation
(After Allen, 1999)
BDT
Model Illustrating Prograding Delta with rapid increasing of accommodation space , and higher sediment supply
(rapid RSL rise, higher sed.supply)
(After Allen, 1999)
BDT
Model Illustrating Prograding Delta with slow increasing of accommodation space , and higher sediment supply
(slow RSL rise, higher sed.supply)
(After Allen, 1995)
BDT
Facies Stacking Patterns : in a marine transition of depositional environment
BDT
Parasequence-stacking pattern in parasequence sets ; cross-section and well-log expression (Van Wagoner et al., 1991)
BDT
Can you define this outcrop stacking pattern ?

Multicolored layered sedimentary rocks in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. (Skinner & Potter, 1987)
BDT
Can you define this outcrop stacking pattern ?
Cross-stratified sandstone, Utah. (Skinner & Potter, 1987)

BDT
STRATIGRAPHIC PATTERNS
( Facies Succession )
REGRESSION and TRANGRESSION

( increasing or decreasing Acc. Space vs Sed. Supply )
SEDIMENTARY CYCLES EROSIONAL SURFACE (UNCONFORMITY ?) and /or DEPOSITIONAL SEQUENCES / FACIES
(After Allen, 1999)
BDT
TRANSGRESSION and REGRESSION
( After van Gorsel, 1987 )

BDT
REGRESSIONS
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF REGRESSIONS :
1. NORMAL REGRESSION relative sea level is constant or rising and the coast migrates seaward because there is an overabundance of sediment supply with respect to accommodation 2. FORCED REGRESSIONS relative sea level falls and as a result the coastline migrates seaward regardless of sediment supply
BDT
NORMAL and FORCED REGRESSIONS
SEDIMENTARY CYCLES
All shelf deposits are characterized by cyclic sedimentation patterns These cycles occur at several scales These patterns are the result of cyclic patterns of regression and transgression which are formed by changes in relative sea level (accommodation space)
The stacking patterns of parasequences within a sequence.

Each individual metre-scale cycle is produced by one high-frequency relative sea-level cycle, and the longer-term thickness pattern reflects the lower-frequency, longer-term change in accommodation space. The stacking patterns define the systems tracts of the sequence, as shown.
( from Tucker, 2003 )
BDT
An example of metre-scale cycles and their stacking pattern; a succession consists of coarsening-upward units (thin arrows show the cycles), and they group into packages (sets) based on the increasing grain-size and thickness.
( from Tucker, 2003 )
BDT
SHALLOW-MARINE BEACH CYCLES :
Well-Log Responses for Beach Parasequences

( from Van Wagoner et al., 1992)
BDT
SHALLOW-MARINE DELTAIC CYCLES :

Well-Log Responses for Deltaic Parasequences
BDT
EXERCISE :
Stacking pattern ? Flooding Surface ? Sequence Boundaries ? Maximum Flooding Surface ? System Tracts ? Potential reservoir ? Additional data needed ?
BDT
PAL. DATA ?
HST
HST
fs
MFS
TST
PAL. DATA ?
PAL. DATA ?
LST
TST
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION SB
BDT
SEQUENCE DEFINITION
A RELATIVELY CONFORMABLE , GENETICALLY RELATED SUCCESSION OF PARASEQUENCES AND PARASEQUENCE SETS BOUNDED BY UNCONFORMITY AND THEIR CORRELATIVE CONFORMITIES
It is used to provide a chronostratigraphic framework for the correlation and mapping of sedimentary facies and for stratigraphic prediction
A SEQUENCE IS DEFINED BY THE PHYSICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF THE STRATA ALONE ; NOT BYTHICKNESS , DURATION , OR INTERPRETATION OF GLOBAL OR REGIONAL ORIGIN (i.e. scale independent)
( Van Wagoner , August 1994 )
BDT
Sequence stratigraphy concepts Duration of stratigraphic cycles

1st order 2nd order 3rd order 4th order 5th order 6th order > 50 5 to 50 0.5 to 5 0.1 to 0.5 0.01 to 0.1 < 0.01 Megasequence / Wilson Supersequence / Sloss Sequence / Vail Parasequence / Milankovitch Parasequence / Milankovitch Parasequence / Milankovitch
1st through 3rd order sequences can be resolved on seismic The Pematang Group is consistent with a 2nd order sequence (also known as a supersequence or a Sloss sequence)
BDT
SEQUENCE
* *
SYSTEM TRACTS
Their position within the sequence Stacking patterns parasequences and parasequence sets
PARASEQUENCE :
* A relatively conformable succession of genetically related beds or bed-sets , bounded by marine flooding surfaces and their correlative surfaces * R sedimentation > R accommodation : coarsening / shallowing upward (mostly) * Boundary : marine-flooding surface
BDT
CONCEPT OF LATERAL ACCRETION > DEPOSITIONAL PACKET > STRATAL ARCHITECTURE
100 Km
SEQUENCE BDT STRATIGRAPHY
Detailed Characteristics of Lamina , Laminaset , Bed , and Bedset

(from Campbell , 1967)
BDT
Stratigraphic Components I
BDT
Stratal Units in Hierarchy : Definitions and Characteristics

BDT
Stratigraphic Components II
BDT
SCALE IN SEDIMENTARY SYSTEMS

After Soegaard, 1994
BDT
SCALE IN SEDIMENTARY SYSTEMS

After Soegaard, 1994
BDT
Representative cores from X-Well Facies description and Interpretation

A. Varicolored of sandy mudstone, predominantly reddish brown to purple with variation of grayish green, moderate brown, gray and yellow. Massive, blocky, mottled reddish brown, some reveals subwaxy slickensided surfaces. This facies is interpreted as palaeosol developed in a low relief waterlogged flood plain setting. B. Cross-bedded sandstone rapidly changes upwards into interbedded of very fine to fine grained light gray sandstone and muddy siltstone to silty-mudstone. A part of sandstone reveals wavy to current ripple structure, locally appearance of bioturbation and sediment deformation as well. This facies is interpreted as overbank sediments due to channel avulsion, which may close to the active fluvial system, or possibly as backshore/mudflat lagoon C. Low angle X-bedded sandstone, rests sharply on muddy-wavy-rippled siltstone. Sandstone is strongly X-bedded which becoming rippled to the top; fine to medium grained; light to moderate brown; bioturbation are identified quite similar to rootlets, especially shown by hydrocarbon staining. This sandstone is interpreted as upper shoreface, or possibly channel (fluvial ?). GR reading of the underlying layer indicates of coarsening upward, which suggests possible offshore-bar or lower shoreface
BDT
Core correlation to well-log

A 6764
6794
BDT
Facies Model of One Sequence Reservoir And its characteristics
( Toha et al., 1999 )

BDT
K ( Permeability )
100 101 102 103 104
K ( Permeability )
100 101 102 103 104
GR + FACIES Thickness
Seal
Carbonate
MS
GR + FACIES
Thickness Seal
Carbonate
MS
15 - 30
Baffle
MB
LSH
15 - 30
Baffle
MB
LSH
10 - 15
TCF AC1 / AC2

Seal
10 - 15 15 - 30
Seal
TCF AC1 / AC2 MS
15 - 30
MS
MS K ( Permeability )
100 101 102 103 104
Marine Shale : widespread lateral distribution Prograding Mouth Bar : CU of fine to medium muddy/silty bioturbated sandstone. Cleaner , Bioturbation decreases, ripple laminated and highly cemented at the top. Lenses Shale : local distribution (isolated) Transgressive Channel Fill ( Estuarine ) : FU of medium to fine and silty bioturbated sandstone Amalgamated Braided Channels :
MB LSH TCF
GR + FACIES
Thickness Seal
MS
Carbonate
15 - 30
Baffle
MB
LSH
10 - 15 15 - 30
TCF AC1 / AC2

Seal
AC2 multistory , coarse-medium grained , erosive based , X-bedded sandstone , AC1

isolated Amalgamated Braided Channels : multistory , coarse grained , erosive based , X-bedded sandstone , widespread lateral distribution
MS SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION
Core and Facies Model
BDT
STRATIGRAPHY & FACIES MODEL OF MINAS FIELD

GR Permeability ( K ) FACIES
MOUTH BAR
Former Name X A1
> 1000 mD 10-1000 mD 100-1000 mD > 1000 mD SB
AMALGAMATED BRAIDED CHANNELS MFS (SEAL) PROGRADING MOUTH BAR

TRANSGRESIVE CHANNEL FILL (ESTUARINE)
A2
AMALGAMATED BRAIDED CHANNELS
MFS (SEAL) ISOLATED CHANNELS AND BARS MFS+CO3 (SEAL) 10-1000 mD
B1
B2
PROGRADING MOUTH BAR MFS (SEAL) 10-1000 mD 100-1000 mD > 1000 mD SB PROGRADING MOUTH BAR
TRANSGRESIVE CHANNEL FILL (ESTUARINE)
AMALGAMATED BRAIDED CHANNELS
Potential bypassed Oil

( Infill, Horizontal, Attic wells andBDT Tertiary Target )
Sedimentological facies versus reservoir petrophysical classes

distal
Non reservoir
Proximal
Burrowed mudstone to siltstone
Thin interbedded bedded clean sandstone burrowed and sandstone mudstone and mudstone
Laminated sandstone
clean sandstone with few clay drappes
mudstone
BDT Schematic prograding mouth bar cross section
Lateral facies relationship and postulated core and well-log reponses For beach parasequence
BDT
Fine to medium grained sand
Aerial view of the mouth bar 2 deposited in the delta front under 2 5 m of water depth. It emerges during the lowest tides. The emerged part can reach many kilometers in extension.
Fine to medium grained sand
Bioturbated sand
Silt shale allternations
Laminated fine sands
Bioturbated fine sand
Shale silt allternations
Very fine sands
Distal part of the mouth bar : Concept AND APPLICATION SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY ( after Cibaj, 2011 )
Proximal part of the mouth bar BDT
SEDIMENTOLOGY FOR GEOSCIENTISTS

Distributary channel as observed in outcrop
Coal bed
Lateral accretion Fining upwards grain size
Coal bed
Coal bed
Coarse-grained channel fill Sharp and erosive basal surface of the channel
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION ( after Cibaj, 2011 )
BDT
Distributary channels as observed in the modern Mahakam delta
Distributary channel
Tidal channel
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION ( after Cibaj, 2011 )
BDT
EXERCISE - DELTA
EXAMPLE OF FACIES MAP
BDT
CORRELATION
Type Log
4D - 46A
755
0
GR LLD NPHI RHOB
High Resolution Seq. Strat. Flooding Surfaces
SCHEM ATIC HIGH RESOLUTION STRATIGRAPHY FRAM EWORK
Regional CSB Seq. Strat. Markers ( 3rd Order )

MFS
2
0 1
SB MFS
3
2
3.5 3.6
3.7
3.5 3.6
3.8
3.7 3.8
SB MFS
SB MFS
St ep I :
Iden t ify 3 r d Or der Seq . St rat . M arkers Iden t if y Facies Lit holog y e.g. Chan nel s, Bars Ident ify f looding Surfaces Subdivid ed int o Individual Par asequen ces Channel - Fill ( includes distributary channels & incised fluvial channel ) Mouth Bars Mudstone - Mainly Delta front to shelf SB : Sequence Boundary MFS : Maximum Flooding Surface
No Orientation No Scale
BDT
S W
4D - 46A
755
MD GR
200
STEP 2
Co r r el at e M ar i n e Fl o o d i n g Sur f aces Co r r el at e Faci es M ap p i n g w i t h i n Ch r o n o st r at i g r ap h i c Un i t s

LLD N PH I 0. 48 RHO B 0. 0 9 120 0 0 2. 5
NE
FEET
TVDSS
0.2
4D - 37
746
MD GR
200
4D - 38
752
LLD NPH I 0. 4 8 RH OB 0. 0 9 2. 5 12 00 0 GR MD
200
FEET
TVDSS
0.2
FEET
TVD SS
0.2
LLD
NPH I 0.4 8 RH O B 0.0 9 2. 5 12 0 00
MF S
0 1
S B MF S
3
? ?
3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8
S B MF S
4
BDT
Wells Log Correlation

P Q R S T U V
BDT
SAND ISOPACHS
2D
Section D
2E
2F
R E SE RVOIR M3-M3.5 ( UPPE R)

427
Section B
MOUTHBAR
20
493
20
Section B 20
816
39 34
258
888
40
33
812
41
3D
811
40 40
886
36
3E
CHANNEL
847
23 46
839 443
43
40 Section A
479
33
844 335
28
765
35 32
754
779
15
785 90 492
18 10 22
20
461
17
20
336
4
444
21
736
171 790
24
33
748 743
20 15
20
798
16
10
14
780
10 0
65
822
65 769
BAR
451
10
807
10
825
8
10 12
10
45
14
805
15
CHANNEL
767 808
18
806
BAR
4C
N
838
28
4D
40
832
20
809 836
33
810
42
466
35
774
21
4E
20
801
30 35
771 796
33
20 CHANNEL
420 803
5
421
5
12
407
4
10
6
1008 905
1004
MOUTHBAR
< 10' 10' - 20' Zone of erosion by by overlying reservoir
CHANNEL
< 20' 20' - 40' > 40'
20
29
1011
7
BAR
286
20
CHANNEL
0 500 1000 meters
BDT
SAND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS

2D
Section D
MOUTHBAR Section B Section C
493 427
2E
2F
R E SE RVOIR M3-M3.5 ( UPPE R)
258 812
816
888
Permeability Trend Mouth Bar
3D
811
886
3E
CHANNEL
847 754 785 90 492 171 790 335
839
443
844
Section A
479
765 779
461
444
736
Permeability Trend Channel

748 65 769 798 451
336 780 65 822 825 743 807
MOUTH BAR
805
No sandstone
45
767 808
4C
N
838
4D
832
809 836 810 466 774
4E
CHANNEL
771 796
420 421
803
801 1008 905
MOUTH BAR
1004 1011
Erosive contact with overlying reservoir Fluvial/Distributary Channel Delta Front/Mouth Bar
CHANNEL
0
286
500
1000 meters
BDT
STYLES OF CHRONO- vs LITHO-STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION

for progradational parasequence set (Van Wagoner et al., 1992)
BDT
STYLES OF CHRONO- vs LITHO-STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION

for retrogradational parasequence set (Van Wagoner et al., 1992)
BDT
APPLICATION EXAMPLE : WELLS CORRELATION, SANGATA FIELD
SUCCESS EXAMPLE FROM MINAS FIELD
BDT
END SLIDES FOR THE CLASS
THANK YOU ! TERIMAKASIH ! MATUR NUWUN !

ADDITIONAL SLIDES FOR FURTHER DISCUSSION IF NECESSARY AND TIMES ALLOWED
BDT

Strat Analysis

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SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : CONCEPT AND APPLICATION

Department Geology Gadjah Mada University

Georges P. Allen, 25 May 1942 15 October 1998

Sequence Stratigraphy and its application for HC exploration within ~ 8 hours ?? ..

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF PETROLEUM SYSTEM

SYN RIFT IS THE BEST POTENSIAL SOURCE ROCKS PODS

SOURCE ROCKS POTENTIAL TRAPS and SEAL / CAP ROCKS

BASIN INFILLING DYNAMICS SEDIMENTATION SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

HORIZONTAL LATERAL CONTINUITY Steno, 1669)

PRINCIPAL OF LATERAL ACCRETION

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

SL6 SL4 SL2

SEDIMENTARY FACIES AND ENVIRONMENT

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT AND FACIES

( After Selley , 1985 )

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

DEPOSITIONAL FACIES AND ENVIRONMENT

BDT (After Skinner and Porter, 1987 )

Dynamic of Sedimentation and Sequence Stratigraphy

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

( after Matthews, 1974)

Factors Controlling Sedimentation

Sediment flux Carbonate sedimentation Etc.

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

FACTORS CONTROLLING SHELF STRATIGRAPHIC PATTERNS

( After Allen, 1997)

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

Marine Sequence Stratigraphy

Non-marine Sequence Stratigraphy (Tectonostratigraphy)

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

Climax Regional Faults Coalesce

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

Late-rift Pseudostasis BDT BDT

Formation of superimposed deltaic cycles or sequences

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

WHAT IS SEDIMENT ACCOMMODATION ?

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

BDT ( After Allen, 1997 )

( After van Gorsel, 1987 )

Alluvial Coastal Plain and Fluvial Equilibrium Profile

( After Alen, 1999)

Accommodation in Fluvial Environment

( After Allen, 1997 )

Accommodation in Fluvial Environment

( After Allen, 1997 )

rate of increase of accommodation and sediment supply

(After Allen, 1999)

( After Allen, 1997 )

Fluvial Stacking Pattern : an effect of increasing accommodation space

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

Effects of accommodation rates on fluvial aggradations

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

EFFECTS OF ACCOMMODATION RATES ON FLUVIAL AGGRADATION AND SAND/SHALE RATIO

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY : Concept AND APPLICATION