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2.0 OBJECTIVES
3.0. ETHYMOLOGY
4.0. PERPATIH CUSTOM
5.0. THE TRADITION OF PERPATIH CUSTOM
6.0. DIVISION OF PROPERTY UNDER PERPATIH CUSTOM
7.0 CONCLUSION
kabau who hold the key to the history of Negri Sembilan.They continued the practice of
their rich cultural heritage, which continues on today in the form of the fascinating Adat
Pepatih , a matrilineal system of rule and heritance, unique only to Negri Sembilan.
2.0 OBJECTIVES:
2.1. To spread information about the Perpatih custom in Malaysia and all over the world.
2.2. To appreciate the varieties and uniqueness Perpatih custom which is no other Malay
Custom similar to it.
2.3. To be proud of Malaysian custom and heritage.
3.0. ETHYMOLOGY
The name Minangkabau
(victorious) and kabau (buffalo). There is a legend that the name is derived from a
territorial dispute between the Minangkabau and a neighbouring prince. To avoid a battle,
the local people proposed a fight between the two water buffalo to settle the dispute. The
prince agreed and produced
buffalo.
Meanwhile, the Minangkabau produced a hungry baby buffalo with its small horns
ground to be as sharp as knives. Seeing the adult buffalo across the field, the baby buffalo
ran forward, hoping for milk. The big buffalo saw no threat in the baby buffalo and paid
no attention to it, looking around for a worthy opponent. But when the baby thrust his
head under the big bulls belly, looking for an udder, the sharpened horns punctured and
killed the bull, and the Minangkabau won contest and the dispute.
The roofline of traditional houses called Minangkabau, curve upward from the middle
and end in points, in imitation of the water buffalos upward-curving horns.
The picture show the roofline of traditional houses called Minangkabau, curve upward
from the middle and end in points, in imitation of the water buffalos upward-curving
horns.
In Our country, it is Perpatih Custom still being obliged by the community and Malays in
Negeri Sembilan and a part of Melaka. They are descendants majoriti Minagkabau
Malays.
The Minangkabau are strongly Islamic but still follow their ethnic tradition, or
adat. The present relationship between Islam and adat is described in the saying tradition
founded upon Islamic Law, Islamic law founded upon Quran or Adat Basandi syarak,
syarak basandi Kitabullah.
The Minangs are the worlds largest matrilineal society, in which properties such as land
and houses are inherited through female lineage. Some scholars argue that this might
have caused the merantau of Minangkabau males throughout the Malay archipelago to
become scholars or to seek fortune as merchants.As early as 7 years old, boys
traditionally leaves their homes and live in Surau to learn religious and cultural teachings.
When they teenagers, they are encourage to leave their hometown to learn from their
experiences far from families so that when they are adults they can return home wise and
useful. So, they can contribute their thinking to run nagari or hometown when they
become member of council of uncles.
Due to their culture that stresses the importance of learning, Minang people are over
represented in the educated professions in Indonesia, with many ministers from Minang.
Futhermore,the presence of this intellectuals combined with the peoples basically proud
character, made the Minangkabau homeland is one of the powerhouses in the Indonesian
struggle for independence.
The Perpatih customs passed on from generation to generation through perbilangan
words. Its include various aspects of community life, including about inheritance,
appointment leaders, marriage law and social practice. The system punishes those who
violate custom or made a mistake and the various aspects again. Any rule or custom
exists, and any regulations of perbilangannya was rational or causes of the law or
custom.
The perbilangan adat or sayings have the objectives of restitution rather than
punishment. In the days of old, societies of Negri Sembilan were ruled by customs or
adat in their everyday lives. These customs were laws that governed the society, much
like the existing laws that we have today governing our society. For example, if a crime
was commited, the conviction or punishments are detailed in form of sayings or what is
known as perbilangan adat.
From the social aspect, there is a saying Yang buta penghembus lesung; yang pekak
pelepas bedil; yang lumpuh penghuni rumah; yang kuat pembawa beban: yang bingung di
suruh-suruh; yang cerdik lawan berunding means: The blind shall blow the mortar, the
deaf shall fire the cannon; the invalid shall stay at home and watch over the properties;
the strong shall carry over the load; the less educated shall be guided and instructed: the
wise shall be consulted upon.
Other than that, Perpatih Custom is consistent with the universal values which emphasize
that in administering justice,or favour, even if
members, must be dealt with accordingly. This shall be done without fear. The Custom
Perpatih and customs basically rules govern the society. Therefore, if your child is
guiltyof a crime, he shall not be excused from punishment (biar mati anak) because the
customs or adat are the laws that must be respected and obeyed (jangan mati adat.).
inheritance
7.0.CONCLUSION
The Perpatih custom are unique. There are no other custom similar to it. The Custom
underpins the importance of women.
According to 21st Undang Luak rembau, Datuk Muhammad Sharif (1998) saying
that the system was fair because in the days of yore, the women were marginalised by
their dominating husbands.It does not mean that the rights of men are trampled upon. The
men still have their right to spend their income without shirk their duties as a husbands
and fathers because both of the gender had a role to play in a society that preached
equitable rights and responsibilities.
REFERENCE