Lesson

31
Warm Up 31 b.
a and b intersect
1. deductive Given

∠1 and ∠2 are ∠2 and ∠3 are

2. D supplementary supplementary

Linear Pair Linear Pair

3. I will go to the store; Theorem Theorem

Law of Detachment m∠1 + m∠2 = 180º m∠2 + m∠3 = 180º

Definition Definition
of supplementary of supplementary

Lesson Practice 31 m∠1 + m∠2 = m∠2 + m∠3

Transitive Property of Equality

a. m∠1 = m∠3

Statements Reasons Subtraction Property of Equality

1. ∠1 and ∠2 are 1. Given ∠1  ∠3

complementary. Definition of congruent angles

2. ∠1 and ∠3 are 2. Given

congruent. c.
3. m∠1 + m∠2 3. Definition of Statements Reasons
= 90° complementary 1. ∠1 and ∠4 are 1. Given
angles complementary.
4. m∠1 = m∠3 4. Definition of 2. m∠1 + m∠4 2. Definition of
congruent = 90° complementary
angles angles
5. m∠3 + m∠2 5. Substitution 3. ∠1 and ∠3 are 3. Vertical Angles
= 90° Property of congruent. Theorem
Equality ∠2 and ∠4 are
6. ∠3 and ∠2 are 6. Definition of congruent.
complementary. complementary 4. m∠1 = m∠3, 4. Definition of
angles m∠2 = m∠4 congruent angles
5. m∠2 + m∠3 5. Substitution
= 90° Property of
Equality
6. ∠2 and ∠3 are 6. Definition of
complementary. complementary
angles

© 2009 Saxon®, an imprint of HMH

Supplemental Publishers Inc. All rights reserved. LSN 31–1 Saxon Geometry
 Lesson
31
d. It is given that s and
t are perpendicular
lines. By the definition
of perpendicular lines,
angles 1 and 2 are right
angles. Angles 1 and
2 are congruent by
Theorem 5-3: All right
angles are congruent.
Angles 1 and 2 are
adjacent by the
definition of adjacent
angles. Therefore,
angles 1 and 2 are
congruent adjacent
angles.

© 2009 Saxon®, an imprint of HMH

Supplemental Publishers Inc. All rights reserved. LSN 31–2 Saxon Geometry
 Lesson
31
Practice 31 6. By the Vertical Angles
Theorem, ∠1  ∠2.
1. 90° Then by the Same-
2. Side Interior Angles
Theorem, ∠2 and ∠3
Statements Reasons
are supplementary. By
1. AE  CE, 1. Given
the Alternate Interior
DE  BE
Angles Theorem,
2. AE = CE, 2. Definition of
DE = BE congruent ∠3  ∠4. By
segments substitution ∠2 and
3. m∠AED 3. Vertical Angles ∠4 are supplementary.
= m∠CEB Theorem By the definition of a
4. AED 4. SAS Theorem linear pair, ∠4 and ∠5
 CEB
are supplementary.
5. AD  CB 5. CPCTC
Using the Congruent
Supplements Theorem,
3. 60°
∠2  ∠5. Finally,
4. 3 cm ∠1  ∠5 by the
Transitive Property of
5. 290° Congruence.

7. 25

8. no

9. 135°

10. 32 in.

© 2009 Saxon®, an imprint of HMH

Supplemental Publishers Inc. All rights reserved. LSN 31–3 Saxon Geometry
 Lesson
31
11. 13.
∠1  ∠3 BD bisects ABC Statements Reasons
Given Given 1. A = 25, 1. Given
=5
m∠1 = m∠3 ∠1  ∠2

Definition of Definition of
2. A = w 2. Area of a
congruent angles bisector rectangle
m∠1 = m∠2 3. 25 = 5w 3. Substitution
Definition of Property of
congruent angles Equality
m∠2 = m∠3
4. _ = _
25 5w
Substitution Property of Equality
4. Division
5 5
Property of
∠2  ∠3 Equality
Definition of
congruent angles 5. w = 5 5. Simplify
6. ABCD is a 6. Definition of a
12. ∠A  ∠X, ∠B_  ∠Y,
_ square square
∠C
_  ∠Z,_ AB _  XY_,
BC  YZ , CA  ZX ; 14. If two numbers are
Transitive Property of opposites, then they
Congruence have midpoint 0 on
a number line; Both
the statement and the
converse are true.

15. C

16. a: x = -3; b: y = 2

17. There is a good chance

of wind and rain later in
the day.

© 2009 Saxon®, an imprint of HMH

Supplemental Publishers Inc. All rights reserved. LSN 31–4 Saxon Geometry
 Lesson
31
_ _
18. Gayle is correct 21. Since
_ AD
_bisects CB ,
because according CD  BD by definition
to the ASA Theorem of
_bisector.
_ Because
or the AAS Postulate, AD ⊥ CB , ∠ADC
corresponding sides and ∠ADB are right
must be congruent in angles by definition
order for the triangles to of perpendicular.
be congruent. Then ∠ADC  ∠ADB,
because all right angles
19. Sample: The equation are congruent.
_ From_ the
x + 1 = x + 2 has no drawing, AD  AD by
solutions. the Reflexive Property.
20. Finally, ACD  ABD
by SAS Postulate.
Statements Reasons
1. AD  BC, 1. Given
AD  BC
2. AD = BC 2. Definition of
congruent
segments
3. m∠ADE 3. Alternate
= m∠CBE Interior Angles
Theorem
4. m∠AED 4. Vertical Angles
= m∠CEB Theorem
5. ADE 5. AAS Theorem
 CBE
6. AE = CE 6. CPCTC

© 2009 Saxon®, an imprint of HMH

Supplemental Publishers Inc. All rights reserved. LSN 31–5 Saxon Geometry
 Lesson
31

22. √
((x - 3) - 1)2 + ((4x + 1) - 1)2 = 5 Distance
Formula
√
(x - 4) 2 + (4x) 2 = 5 Simplify.

√
2 2 Expand
x - 8x + 16 + 16x = 5
exponents.
√
2
17x - 8x + 16 = 5 Simplify.
2
( √ )
17x - 8x + 16 = 5 2
2 Square both
sides.
2
17x - 8x + 16 = 25 Simplify.
17x 2 - 8x + 16 - 25 = 25 - 25 Subtraction
Property of
Equality
2
17x - 8x - 9 = 0 Simplify.
(17x + 9)(x - 1) = 0 Factor.
x-1=0 x>0
x-1+1=1 Addition
Property of
Equality
x=1 Simplify.
The coordinates are (-2, 5).

23. y - 2 = 4(x + 3) or y = 4x + 14

© 2009 Saxon®, an imprint of HMH

Supplemental Publishers Inc. All rights reserved. LSN 31–6 Saxon Geometry
 Lesson
31
2
24. 26. a. 0.9 m
LP  MN LO  MO
b. 3.51 m
Given Given

LP = MN LO = MO 27. a. ∼p or q
Definition of Definition of
congruency congruency b. ∼p and ∼q
LP - LO = MN - MO
c. p and ∼q
Subtraction Property
of Equality
28. interior: ∠TSZ, ∠WVU;
OP = ON

Simplify
exterior: ∠AZY, ∠SZB,
and ∠WVC
OP  ON

Definition of
congruency
29. No, the circumference is
40.82 cm.
25. yes;
30. x = 5
Statements Reasons
1. ∠B and ∠E are 1. Given
right angles, AB =
DE, AC = DF
2. AB 2 + BC 2 = AC 2 2. Pythagorean
Theorem
3. DE 2 + EF 2 = DF 2 3. Pythagorean
Theorem
4. AB 2 + BC 2 = 4. Substitution
DE 2 + EF 2 Property of
Equality
5. BC 2 = EF 2 5. Subtraction
Property of
Equality
6. BC = EF 6. Square root
7. m∠ABC 7. All right
= m∠DEF angles are
congruent
8. ABC  DEF 8. SAS Theorem

© 2009 Saxon®, an imprint of HMH

Supplemental Publishers Inc. All rights reserved. LSN 31–7 Saxon Geometry