1999

Yes No

o Power of the Purse o Committees Investigation o Lack of Budget Control in places like AARP or Department of Defense o Logrolling and over or under passage of bill

2000

 2001

Soft Money unregulated donations to political parties o Creates no incentive for congress to regulate as both parties benefit Incumbency an officeholder pursuing reelection o Realize that new changes can affect constituents belief and stick to favorable and current policy to keep funds going

a) Two a. Higher Incumbency Rates in the House b. Senate Incumbency Rates have increased over time b) Two a. Franking Privilege b. Name Recognition c) More experienced political leaders

2003

a) Specializaation a. is where members of Congress develop knowledge on certain policies. b. More attention is paid to the branch and legislation being pass -Party Representation a. Representation representative for the chambers as a whole b. Party pushes its own agenda determines leadership on committees b) Two a. Assignment of Committee Chairs b. Agenda Setting with the Rules Committee 2004

a) Negotiating Treaties and Commander in Chief b) Declaring War and Passing Treaties c) Executive Orders and Agenda Setting d) Executive Orders allow President to override Congress without requiring to pass treaties - Agenda Setting allows President to highlight issues of importance to him with the pressure of the public

2006

a) Entitlement Programs are govt-sponsored programs that require/guarantee benefits to those eligible b) Paycheck Taxes of Citizens c) Running Out of money d) More older people live longer making them get benefits longer time. As number of people using the money increases over a longer time span more money is needed for funding them. e) More people work and paid in rate increases slowing the decline of the reserve

a) More efficient to make policies and Easier to come to agreement if one group is doing the job b) FCC s policy area includes phones, TV and radio. The FCC is in charge of censorship in TV. For example, Live TV is usually run on delay in order for FCC to intervene and be able to censor an inappropriate event c) Budget Appropriations and Committee Investigations 2007

a) Congress has the ability to declare war while President is Commander-in-Chief after the declaration making him all supreme b) President must report to Congress within 48hours of deploying troops. President has 60 given days unless Congress takes action c) Budget Appropriations and Treaty ratification

2008

a) Two a. b. b) Two a. b.

State of the Union Adress helps set legislative agenda Veto Power that regulates the passing of laws on domestic policies Mandatory Spending Spending not controlled by President Lame-Duck Period Period of time toward end of Presidents term. Makes Presidents power diminish

a) Policy Agenda is a set of issues that are viewed as important by people involved in policymaking b) Raise awareness of certain issues c) President is one person representation while Congress has many members d) Two a. Older people have a higher tendency to view the nightly news than younger people b. The viewing rate has gone down for all age groups dramatically from 1974 to 2002 e) Presidents have to use different media resources like twitter to interact with the American public

2011

2012

2013