1

5.6 Stresses in the concrete and reinforcement during service

5.6.1 Loss of stress from relaxation, creep and contraction
cs cd ca
= (t)+ (t)

cs
total deformation given by contraction ()

cd
(t) total deformation due to drying contraction

ca
(t) total deformation due to endogene contraction
t = 90 days concrete age when the checking is made
A
c
= A1+A2+A3 area of the concrete cross-section
U perimeter of the concrete cross-section

cd,0
= 0,52

the nominal value of the drying contraction
c
0
2A
h = (mm)
U
cd h cd,0
(t)=k


0.5
( 0.2 )
6
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) 1
( ) 2.5( 10) 10
ca as ca
t
as
ca ck
t t
t e
f
c | c
|
c

=
=
=
cs cd ca
= (t)+ (t)
2
5.6 Stresses in the concrete and reinforcement during service
5.6.1 Loss of stress due to relaxation, creep and contraction
f
ck
= 35 N/mm
2
(C35/45) characteristic strength
E
p
= 180000 (N/mm
2
) elastic modulus of the prestressed reinforcement

pr
loss of stress due to reinforcement relaxation
0.75(1 )
6.7 5 2
1000
5.39 10 ( / )
1000
pr po
t
e N mm

o o

| |
A =
|
\ .

po
stress in the reinforcement during transfer

1000
= 8%

loss of stress at 1000 hours from the prestressing
E
cm
= 36000 (N/mm
2
) concrete elastic modulus
po
pk

=
f


3
5.6.1 Loss of stress due to relaxation, creep and contraction
(t,t
0
) creep coefficient

RH
factor considering the humidity influence
RH=50% humidity
t
0
= 28 days age of concrete during loading
f
cm
= 43 N/mm
2
(C35/45) average compressive strength
A
c
= A1+A2+A3 area of the concrete cross-section
I
c
= I1+I2+I3 inertia moment of the concrete cross-section
z
cp
distance from the center of the reinforcement to the center of the cross-section
0.5
3
cm
35
=
f
| |
|
\ .
0 0 c 0
0 RH cm 0
RH 1 2
3
0
(t,t )= (t,t )
= (f )(t )
1-RH/100
= 1+
0.1 h
(
(

0.7 0.2
1 2
cm cm
35 35
= =
f f
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .


4

c,QP
stress in the concrete on the reinforcement direction in P+0.4Z combination
3 3 6
p0 p0 cp QP
c,QP cp cp
bi bi bi
2
T Z E
QP
10 N 10 N z 10 M
= + z - z
A I I
(q +0.4q )L
M = (kNm)
8
5.6.2 Stresses in the reinforcement during service
2
p po p,c+s+r
p p
p
= - (N/mm )
A
N = (kN)
1000


5.6.1 Loss of stress due to relaxation, creep and contraction
5
5.6.3 Stresses in the concrete during service
Span section
3 3
6
p p cp s s s
ext
b G G
bi bi bi
2
T Z E
ext
10 N 10 N z
10 M
= - y + y
A I I
(1.35q +1.5q )L
M = (kNm)
8
3 3
6
p p cp i i i 2
ext
b G G
bi bi bi
10 N 10 N z
10 M
= + y - y (N/mm )
A I I
if
bt
s
f
ctk
(tension) the concrete cracks
f
ctk
= 4.2 N/mm
2
(C35/45)

if
bt
i
0.6f
ck
the concrete cross-section
or class must be increased
f
ck
= 35 N/mm
2
6
5.7 Strength checking
5.7.1 Strength checking during transfer
p0 c cd s yd
N A f +A f s
A
c
=A1+A2+A3 area of the concrete cross-section
f
cd
=35/1.5=23.33 N/mm
2
(C35/45) compressive design strength
A
s
mounting passive longitudinal reinforcement area (308 PC52)

5.7.2 Strength checking during service
Case 1 x h
pga


2
2
s
8
A =30 (mm )
4
pga cd p pd
p pd
pga cd
pd pk
b xf =A f
A f
x=
b f
f =0.9f /1.15

( ) pga
0p
ext cd
M b xf h -0.5x (kNm) s
7
5.7.2 Strength checking during service
Case 2 x > h
pga
p pd
ga cd pga ga pga cd p pd
ga cd pga ga pga cd
A f
b xf +(b -b )h f =A f x=
b f +(b -b )h f
>
( ) ( ) ga
0p 0p
ext cd pga ga pga cd pga
M b xf h -0.5x +(b -b )h f h -0.5h (kNm) s
8
5.7.3 Shear force checking
2
4
bw
SW r
d
A n
t
=
max
,
( )
SW
Rd s ywd Ed
A
V z f ctg V kN
s
u = >
1 max
,max
(1.35 1.5 )
( )
( ) 2
cw ga cd
T Z E
Rd Ed
b z v f
q q L
V V kN ctg
ctg tg
o
u
u u

+
= > =
+

cp
medium compressive strength in the concrete from prestressing
z = 0.9h
0p


v
1
= 0.6
max(ctg
1
; ctg
2
) 1 if the condition is not fulfilled the cross-section must be modified
ctg2.5 if it results a higher values in the computation will be considered ctg=2.5
(8,10)
bw
d mm
n
r
= 2
s = 100 mm
f
ywd
= 0,8f
ywk
= 0,8345 = 276 (N/mm
2
) PC52
1 0 0.25 ; 1.25 0.25 0.5
2.5 1 0.5 ;
cp
cw cp cd cw cd cp cd
cd
cp p
cw cd cp cd cp
cd bi
pentru f pentru f f
f
N
pentru f f
f A
o
o o o o
o
o o o
= + < s = < s
| |
= < s =
|
\ .
for for
for